Patent Abstracts US Management, 1945-1969

------- ------- PATENT ABSTRACTS UNITED STATES SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 1945-1969 This publication (SW-77) was compiled by JOHN A. CONNOLLY and SANDRA E. RADINSKY Environmental Protection A0»n«f Library ? --;-ion V 1 North Vi'aclior Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 1973 ------- An environmental protection publication in the solid waste management series (SW-77) This publication is also in the Public Health Service numbered series as Public Health Service Publication No. 1793, Supple- ment A; its entry in two government publication series is the result of a publishing interface reflecting the transfer of the Federal solid waste management program from the U.S. Public Health Service to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $4 20 domestic postpaid or $3.75 GPO Bookstore ------- The Office of Solid Waste Management Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is publishing herewith the first volume (SW-77) of a two-part publication dealing with worldwide patents for designs and devices for solid waste management. The second volume (SW-y8c) describes inter- national patents, and the first represents U.S. or domestic contributions to the solid waste management engineering field. Through a contract with the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 890 domestic patents were abstracted and citations were formulated which give curriculum vitae: name of the inventor, his sponsor (if any), dates filed and issued, and the most representative drawing(s) accompanying most of the patents. This volume is arranged in 16 subject categories, and detailed indices follow the abstracts so that the reader may locate his area of interest without difficulty. After being abstracted for this volume, the patents then become part of the Federal solid waste management information retrieval system, which is continually adding to its data base of pub- 1ished 1iterature. i i i ------- This document and its companion are intended to comple- ment the 1968 publication entitled Abstracts; Selected Patents on Refuse Handling Facilities for Buildings, also prepared by our program. The large number of significant patents is an indication of the increased interest in finding solutions to refuse-handling problems. It is our hope that these documents will stimulate still further development in this field. --SAMUEL HALE:, JR. Deputy Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste Management ------- CONTENTS Page Collection and Transportation 1 Conveyors 8 Vacuum 14 Compost/Composting 21 Equipment 21 Processes 31 Disposal 41 Drying Systems 50 Dumping and Loading 53 Dumping Mechanisms ... 53 Loading Mechanisms 65 Vehicles 72 Excavating 79 Hazardous Wastes 90 Incineration 96 Domestic 96 Trash and Foliage Burners 112 Industrial Wastes 119 Municipal 127 Plants and Systems 141 Rotary Furnaces 149 Traveling Grates 153 Residue Handling and Cleaning 159 Supplementary Equipment 167 Storage 174 Containers 180 Receptacle Holders 195 Recycling ,. ... 206 Animal and Vegetable By-products 214 Cellulose Products 218 Metals 226 Slag 238 Processing/Reduction 240 Baling 247 Compaction 256 Cutting and Shredding 262 Disposers 267 Grinding 281 Refuse Collection Vehicles 292 Packers 303 Separation 321 Centrifugal 335 Filtration 343 Sludge 350 Incineration 351 Reclamation and Recovery 359 Spreading 362 Street Cleaning 372 Snow Removal 377 Sweepers 382 Assignee Index 389 Inventor Index 403 Patent Concordance 420 Patent Number Index 422 Subject Index 430 ------- ------- COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION a horizontal axis, as when the receiver is installed on a boat. US 0001 Yeomans, C. (Yeomans Brothers Company), Sewage ejector. U.S. 2,383,834; filed Nov. 5, 1943; issued Aug. 28, 1945. 1 I1, U- \ / fl ! ^7) A0',! 27 T !s* I i i \|i i. A sewage-handling apparatus comprises a sewage receiver which has inlet and outlet sewage piping connected to it. A conduit is connected to the top of the receiver for delivering steam under pressure into the receiver portion above the highest level of sewage received therein. A baffle is mounted in the receiver in between the delivery end of the conduit and the highest sewage level. This prevents the steam from penetrating and mixing with the sewage content of the receiver. The receiver is provided in its top portion with an access opening and with a removable closure for the access opening. The baffle is mounted on and carried by this cover. Valves are provided for controlling the delivery of gas to and the exhaust from the receiver. There are mechanisms in the receiver which are acted upon by the sewage in it upon changes in its level, for actuating these valves. The purpose of the baffle provided is to reduce the extent of sewage level changes in the receiver when it is rocked about US-0002 Booth, G. M. (Wallace and Tiernan Company, Inc.), Slurry feeding apparatus. U.S. 2,508,987; filed Dec. 26, 1946; issued May 23, 1950. 16 A slurry feeder supplies predetermined quantities of a liquid suspension of finely divided solid material. The apparatus is comprised of a slurry tank, into which slurry is fed through a conduit disposed at an upper part of the tank. The tank and conduit have a passage between them. A diaphragm is associated with the tank and is exposed on one side to the contents of the tank. A drive mechanism is secured to this diaphragm. There is an agitator structure in the tank connected for displacement by the drive mechanism, and this agitator includes a resilient device permitting an extremity of the structure to bend relative to the drive mechanism. A device rocks the drive mechanism about an axis spaced from the center of the diaphragm, and this simultaneously changes the volume and agitates the contents of the tank. The liquid is thus caused to flow repeatedly and alternately through the passage from the conduit into the tank and from the tank into the conduit. US-0003 Norton, C. L. (The Babcock and Wilcox Company), Material discharge mechanism. U.S. 2,590,202; filed Oct. 29, 1945; issued Mar. 25, 1952. This device controls the discharge of a fluent mass of solid material from a receptacle under a positive pressure. It also maintains an effective gas seal at the discharge end of the receptacle. Heated gases are passed upward through the mass and come into contact ------- Collection and Transportation with the descending material. Heat exchange takes place with these descending particles. The gas to be heated passes up through the particles also, but enters tha system at a lower level than the heated gases. The discharge of particles is controlled by a lower feeder mechanism. 19. 87 US-0004 Ramm, J. L. (Johns-Manville Corporation), Traveling waste collector. U.S. 2,634,560; filed Sept. 27, 1950; issued Apr. 14, 1953. This device for removing dust, chips, and other waste matters from the vicinity of the cutting head of power tools includes an elongated collection chamber supported in a stationary position from fixed frame members by brackets. Pulleys are mounted on shafts at opposite ends of the box and a continuous belt covers both. A U-shaped bracket embraces the end of the collection chamber and carries adjusting screws which extend behind the end wall. The tension is increased or decreased on the belt by these screws. A belt-supporting sz 'so rib underlies the belt to prevent sagging. An outlet leads from the collection chamber to a pneumatic waste withdrawal and disposal system. A duct has an open mouth adjacent to the cutting tool and extends downward to the upper side of collection chamber. The suction set up in the waste removal system causes an air current sweeping away the waste material. Little, if any, dust enters the room. US-0005 Silk, P. B. (The Babcock & Wilcox Company), Continuous slag removal apparatus for pressure-fired combustion apoaratus. U.S. 2,667,848; filed Sept. 29, 1949; issued Feb. 2, 1954. This apparatus continually withdraws molten ash or slag from a furnace or combustion chamber designed to burn an ash-containing fuel under pressure. A first or primary sealed tank containing water, into which the molten slag drips continuously from a furnace slag discharge spout, accomplishes this end. A sealed valve connection is provided between this primary tank and a secondary sealed tank which is normally empty and at atmospheric pressure. The valve is such that when practically the whole content of the primary tank has passed into the secondary tank, the air in the latter will be compressed to the pressure within the primary tank. The slag can be discharged from the secondary tank ------- 0004-0007 in two manners. Either a discharge valve controlling slag flow to a conveying system can be opened, or a pressure relief valve on the top of the secondary tank can be opened to vent the air to reduce internal tank pressure to atmospheric. In either case, after the discharge is completed, the discharge valve is closed and the cycle is complete. A continuous flow of water is employed to avoid boiling of the water in the primary tank when the molten slag is discharged into it. these tips is at a greater radial distance than the other from the basket axis during the swinging movement of the shoe. Therefore, one tip leads the shoe into the rotating solids during its outward movement, and both tips discharge swaths of solids during its downward movement. I * •• i( i V15" _-- •j l'A.:> j> 23 2- 2S , i^^L- " ^^ :,/\--> •* 2 $(&. US-0006 Hertrich, J. (The Western States Machine Company), Centrifugal discharger shoe. U.S. 2,685,968; filed Oct. 12, 19A9; issued Aug. 10, 1954. 31 41 A centrifugal discharger includes a discharger shaft which extends into a centrifugal basket, and an elongated shoe which projects radially from the shaft. The shaft and shoe turn about a fixed axis, parallel to the basket axis. The shoe swings outward through solids rotating in the basket and then moves downward through these solids. The shoe has two cutting or digging tips at its foreward end. One of US-0007 Timerson, A. E. Material moving implement. U.S. 2,710,465; filed March 7, 1952; issued June 14, 1955. This implement is particularly adapted for manually removing snow from the inclined roof ------- Collection and Transportation of a structure from a ground position. It is lightweight with thin runners or supports for sliding along the roof. A swingable plate is carried crosswise by the supports, which is lowered to a right angle position to carry snow forward as the implement is dragged along. Material-breaking brace bars are located on the rear end of the device, with the dual purpose of bracing the implement's side boards, as well as breaking up frozen snow chunks as it moves backward. A single operator is able to move the device from the ground by using a long handle. US-0008 Shabaker, H. A., and R. M. Shirk (Houdry Process Corporation), Solids withdrawal system. U.S. 2,829,751; filed Feb. 8, 1957; issued Apr. 8, 1958. Granular solids in the form of a compact moving bed and gaseous material flow downward through a cylindrical treating zone and discharge from the open bottom into a larger zone. The bed expands in this zone to form an annular exposed surface of solids through which the gaseous material is disengaged from the granular material. It is collected in a confined collecting zone contiguous to the exposed surface of solids. The expanded bed is supported within a conical section at the bottom of the larger zone. This forms a funnel for the discharge of the granular material. US 0009 Russell, J. D. (Conair, Inc.), Method of transporting material and device therefor. U.S. 3,309,146; filed June 9, 1966; issued Mar. 14, 1967. A material transporting and loading device is designed for granular or pulverant materials. These materials are transported from separate storage bins to the hopper of a machine while maintaining a fixed ratio of the materials /' w V 35 r V _A S L,^ supplied. A periodically evacuated material receiving chamber is provided with a number of inlet tubes. These tubes are adjustable in relation to the chamber so that different materials will be transported into the chamber at preselected but adjustable volume delivery rates. This results in a desired volume ratio of such material to the other materials when the chamber has been filled to a preselected delivery level. US-0010 Kirchhoefer, M. J. (PuLpamac, Inc.), Method and apparatus for continuous gravity feed of fluent materials. U.S. 3,315,824; filed May 25, 1965; issued Apr. 25, 1967. This feeder is especially applicable for use in commercial processes involving cellulose pulp extraction from wood chips. In this operation, a means to effect the gravity feed of fluent materials from a relatively low pressure region into a sealed receptacle at above atmospheric pressure is accomplished. Automatically operable valves between the various chambers are enclosed from the ------- atmosphere and shall have fluid pressure actuators or solenoids for operating purposes. The invention is especially applicable when supplying wood chips to a pulp digester. US-0011 Hutchison, G. T. (Crane Company), Feeder for solid materials. U.S. 3,347,741; filed Jan. 13, 1964; issued Oct. 17, 1967. This feeder for solid materials is of the free-flowing type. The apparatus comprises a transfer chamber and a means for equalizing the pressure in the transfer chamber and pulp digester. As the wood chips are being fed to the digester, a vacuum is applied to the transfer chamber to remove air from the interstices and between the fibers of the wood chips while contained within the transfer chamber, A control valve regulates the flow of the solid material from the supply to the transfer chamber, another valve directs flow from the transfer chamber to the digester. A time control can meter the rate of chip feed. US-0012 Goossens, G. (Inventa A.G, fur Forschung und Patentverwertung), Device for the introduction of powdered or grainy solids into pressure vessels or their removal therefrom. U.S. 3,388,656; filed Nov. 24, 1964; issued June 18, 1968. This device features an extruder for the introduction of powdered or grainy substances into pressure vessels and their removal by means of an automatic reeulating device. The substances are introduced through a funnel-shaped inlet above a pressure piston while the latter is in retracted position. The piston is actuated hydraulically, the pressure being exerted by means of oil, and ------- Collection and Transportation the substance is pressed into a mold. When the pressure at the piston head is between 250 and 300 kg per sq cm, the substance introduced forms a plug adhering to the wall of the mold. The cone, closing the mold, is then retracted and releases the annular opening of the cylinder. The extruder is again loaded upon the return stroke of the piston. After the next molding'cycle, the plug crumbles and falls into the autoclave through an outlet. US-0013 Felts, W. M. (Fruehauf Trailer Company), Transfer station for handling refuse. U.S. 3,417,883; filed Oct. 31, 1966; issued Dec. 24, 1968. This system handles the transfer of refuse during a collection operation. The station has an upper level and a lower level accommodated to receive refuse collecting vehicles. Vehicles drive up and deposit the refuse in a hopper. The hopper is positioned to receive refuse from both levels and so that a transfer vehicle can drive beneath it to receive the collected garbage. A hydraulically powered pusher blade propels the collected trash from the hopper to a transfer vehicle. US0014 van der Werff, B. (A. Vuyk en Zonen's Scheepswerven N. V.), Hopper barge for transporting especially liquid waste matter. U.S. 3,439,642; filed June 9, 1967; issued Apr. 22, 1969. A hopper barge for transporting waste matter to the open sea and unloading the waste there has a double bottom acting as an air-case and passage-ways at the stem and the stern which can be closed by hinged sector-shaped valves. The cargo is pumpod ou board through a pipe system while the valves in the stem and the stern are closed. At sea, at the place of discharge, the vessel stops and the valves in the stem and the stern are simultaneously ------- opened. The cargo then flows out of the barge and an upward force is exerted on the barge as the unloading operation proceeds. After the barge has been unloaded and is homeward-bound again, the valves remain open in order for the residues of the cargo to be scavenged from the hold. When the barge has entered the harbor and is at rest, the upper wall, or the tank top of the double bottom v.'ill become dry, and the valves may be closed. This frame has a rigid structural member which lies transversely of the blade and passes over the top of it to extend both forward and rearward of it. A frame member passing over the top of the blade carries a locking element which engages the blade when the latter is in its raised position to hold the blade in this position when it is moved within the pit in either of the two possible directions and preclude scraping operations during such movement when this is desired. US-0015 Andreae, H. G. (Alfa-Laval AB), Dung remover for cattle sheds. U.S. 3,456,779; filed July 29, 1966; issued July 22, 1969. A drag bucket consists of two scrapers which are interconnected to form a V-shape and each having the lower edge resting on the shed floor. The scrapers are connected at the inner ends through a pivot at the V to a traction device. The bucket is operable by pulling along at the V to effect dung removal. The traction device is reversible in travel which causes the scrapers to swing horizontally relative to each other at the pivot and thereby collapse at the V. Scraper expansion limits are provided. US 0016 Allen, D. D., and I. R. Comber (U.S. Industries, Inc.), Pit cleaner for animal houses. U.S. 3,458,029; filed Aug. 3, 1967; issued July 29, 1969. This pit cleaner has a scraper blade which pivots into a lowered position for scraping during a work stroke and into a raised position for movement without scraping during a return stroke. A frame is provided for mounting the blade so that it may be pulled through the pit. US-0017 Stumpf, C. A. (Leis Manufacturing Company), Magnetic dirt collector. U.S. 3,460,294; filed Sept. 28, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969. This device collects and disposes of the dirt produced when a grinding wheel is utilized to smooth and machine a piece of metal. This dirt includes about 90 percent magnetizable metal particles and about 10 percent non-metallic materials. The tubular housing has inner surfaces magnetized for depositing the magnetizable dirt particles. The housing can be easily adjusted to position its opening to receive the stream of dirt, and baffles or projections can be used to increase the area on which the particles can be deposited, to vary the pattern of the magnetic lines of force, and to create turbulence to insure ------- Collection and Transportation that the particles are deposited in one of the surfaces of the housing. When an electromagnet is utilized, a phase-reversing switch is provided to facilitate removal of the metal particles from the housing. 18 which constitutes the Lower part of a precipitator. When the electrodes are cleaned, such as by rapping, dust falling from the electrodes is dissolved in the liquid bath and transported from the precipitator to a recovery plant. The volume of liquid maintained in the basin is varied periodically between a low and a high level by intermittently allowing the liquid to empty from the basin. The process provides a method of rapidly admixing dust without the formation of lumps and collection of dust in the dissolving basin and the transport lines. 11 US-0018 Mildh, G. (Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken) , Method of discharging dust precipitated in an electrostatic precipitator. U.S. 3,461 ,650; filed Mar. 29, 1966; issued Aug. 19, 1969. A liquid bath is provided by continuously supplying liquid to a dissolving basin Conveyors U3Z US-0019 Kent, F. H. Manure loader. U.S. 2,370,248 filed Sept. 7, 1943; issued Feb. 27, 1945. ft. ------- This manure loader employs conveyor means to transfer a manure pile. The loader mechanism consists of three primary conveyors mounted on a movable frame, with motor-power means to drive the conveyor. Two upright conveyors with small bucket-like teeth are lowered into the manure pile. The teeth of the conveyors dig into, remove the manure, and transfer it to the main conveyor belt. The main conveyor has the same type of teeth and is positioned diagonally from the ground to an elevated position. The two upright conveyors are positioned on each side of the larger conveyor. A digging, removing, and transferring action is also accomplished by the main conveyor. Manure is moved up the apron, passes through a small chute, and is deposited in a waiting vehicle. in aerated form. Pulverized material is fed into a hopper and conveyed to the vanes of US 00 20 Struckmann, H. Apparatus for conveying pulverized material. U.S. 2,498,143; filed July 20, 1948; issued Feb. 21, 1950. A centrifugal pump takes in pulverized material and delivers it under pressure the pump by a screw conveyor. As it leaves the vanes and enters the space surrounding them, it is aerated by air seeping in through the porous wall of the pump. The pulverized material acquires the properties of a fluid and may be forced out freely through the discharge opening. 47, 40 17 II' US-0021 McAdams, J. E. (The Steel Products Engineering Company), Ash disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,509,872; filed Jan. 23, 1947; issued May 30, 1950. An ash disposal system is adapted for use with domestic mechanical stokers. A portable ash container is mounted over a horizontal ash conveyor, with an inclined opening leading up into the bottom through which ashes are conducted into the container. The worm feed conveyor effects collection of ashes from the combustion zone through the funnel opening of the container without generating much dust, using little power consumption. When the receiving container is full, the funnel may be closed to prevent escape of ashes when the container is removed from the conveyor. US0022 Kohl, A. C. (Kohl Bottle Receiving Company), Bottle disposal receiver. U.S. 2,557,001; filed Nov. 26, 1945; issued June 12, 1951. This invention is a system for moving bottles from a congested area to a receptacle located some distance from the area. This device is especially designed for use in a bar or tavern. A bottle-receiving tube is placed at a point where bottles tend to accumulate. A foot pedal, which opens the ------- Collection and Transportation lid of the chute, is attached to the chute by means of a link. The chute extends through the floor and is curved so that the bottles dropped in are delivered to a nearly horizontal level. An endJess conveyor, which has both horizontal and inclined portions, is located at the end of the chute. The bottles are conveyed to the discharge end of the conveyor and transferred to the receptacle. The switch controlling the conveyor motor is connected to the foot pedal. US-0023 Martin, J. Ash removal device. U.S. 2,589,836; filed Sept. 28, 1949; issued Mar. 18, 1952. In fuel-burning plants where the residue produced contains a large portion of fly ash, it is essential to use a dust-free device to remove the fine ash and slag. This device utilizes a water-filled container built onto the ash pit with an endless belt conveyor partially immersed in the water. This conveyor is so disposed as to catch ash dropped through a. shaft and sinking down through the water, and carry it outside the container. Ash which slips to the bottom of the container may be pushed along to the point where the ash is discharged from the conveyor. US-0024 Dukas, J. K. Ash-conveying means. U.S. 2,593,123; filed Mar. 3, 1947; issued Apr. 15, 1952. This ash-conveying device includes a simple and efficient conveyor for automatically removing ashes from the ash-receiving compartment of a furnace to a distant point of disposal. It is located below the grate of the furnace, and is actuated by links from an operating crank. The crank is driven by a 10 ------- drive mechanism from the motor or other suitable power elements. The conveyor comprises a pair of lower longitudinal side rails which rest upon and are anchored on the base of the housing. A pair of upper side rails are slidably mounted on the lower rails. These upper rails are connected at one end to the links connected to the crank. Raker plates connect the rails transversely. In the operation, ashes in the rear push the forward ashes toward the opening and cause a continuous stream of ashes to be moved longitudinally along the ash conveyor. This is accomplished by means of the plates' pushing and tossing action when they swing from a horizontal to a vertical position as the upper rails reciprocate over the lower rails. US-0025 Shaffer, C. E. (Koppers Company, Inc.), Ash remover for stokers. U.S. 2,601,332; filed May 2, 1950; issued June 24, 1952. This ash removal apparatus automatically removes ash and clinkers discharged from the grate of a stoker-fired furnace without interrupting its operation. An ash conveyor comprised of reciprocable flat bars is mounted adjacent to the ash pit to receive ash and pass it via an ash removal elevator to a receiving container. The stoker may be JOS installed on the floor level of a furnace to accommodate fuel feeding or the ash removal device. Different sizes of fuel may be used in conjunction with this device, the furnace grate is freer of ash, and stoker operation is more quiet and clean. 11 ------- Collection and Transportation US-0026 Schlick, A. M. Furnace ash conveyor and disposal mechanism. U.S. 2,685,853; filed Aug. 25, 1949; issued Aug. 10, 1954. desired pattern upon the sloping surface of the distributor. Plates guide the material This ash conveying, processing, and disposal unit may be mounted in the pit of a furnace. It can remove ashes from the furnace and transfer them to the Sewage system, or some external point. The invention simultaneously breaks up any large chunks or clinkers which may be present by means of a spray of water utilized to sluice the ashes through the pipes leading to a sewer or similar outlet. When mounted in a furnace, the hopper is located below the grates to receive ashes. The conveyor, rotatably mounted in the tubular housing of the apparatus, possesses a number of narrow edged spiral blades of progressively reduced diameter found along the longitudinal axis. It is thus adapted to receive solid materials through the housing opening and, coacting with housing grooves, break up the solid materials. to a conveyor below the distributors. This invention is applied to coolers for cement clinker discharged from rotary kilns. US-0027 Winter, H. W. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company), Distributor for conveyor. U.S. 3,232,416; filed Nov. 29, 1963; issued Feb. 1, 1966. This invention treats loose material with a fluid. Material is funneled onto a flat horizontal plate just above the distributor. Material falling upon this plate builds up a small cone-shaped pile on the plate. The pile grows higher until the angle of repose is exceeded and after that material tumbles and rolls down the pile. It spills evenly over the edge of the plate and falls in the US-0028 Tribe, N. G. Conveyor system for moving solids over long distances. U.S. 3,358,812; filed Feb. 23, 1966; issued Dec. 19, 1967. This invention moves solid materials by pipeline by providing a completely mechanical and electrical system involving no fluid flow. The system includes a series of open end containers which connect together,to form a continuous conveyor of any desired length within a pipeline. Each container is arranged to be opened along its entire length so they form a continuous conveyor opened and closed. The propulsion system for the conveyor is a 12 ------- series of electric drive units positioned at regular intervals. Material is loaded into the conveyor by means of a loading chute. It is unloaded by means of a suction probe. US-0029 Mothershaw, H. G. (George Orton Sons and Spooner Limited), Conveyor loaders. U.S. 3,388,785; filed Dec. 8, 1966; issued June 18, 1968. A conveyor loader is constructed to be used for transferring articles from one conveyor to another. The conveyor is provided with a pair of base members extending laterally and beyond the conveyor. These members are supported by plates on opposite sides, extending longitudinally in one direction only. In addition, a number of intermediate supporting plates are provided, which are secured to the base members, and, to strengthen the plates which extend beyond the base members, cross plates are featured. Four journal bearing support plates each carry a journal bearing housing and support a rotary shaft. The conveyor loader can convey articles between a horizontally and vertically moving conveyor. US 0030 Lucas, H, Garbage disposal conveyor. U.S. 3,472,384, filed Sept. 27, 1966; issued Oct. 14, 1969. A garbage disposal system consists of an endless belt conveyor extending below the streets with a series of spaced manholes into - '/o which garbage is dumped upon the conveyor belt. Fluids are carried away by pipes, and motor driven rollers move the conveyor belt along with the solid wastes to a dump. This system avoids the need for garbage trucks in the city streets and is unaffected by 13 ------- Collection and Transportation temperature and weather changes. The conveyor consists of a top layer device, transport means positioned within a horizontally disposed shaft for moving the garbage, a number of angularly disposed ports within the top layer for guiding the disposable contents onto the transport device, a guard on each side of the transport means for preventing the contents from falling off, drainage apparatus for removing fluid including a number of laterally positioned openings, a drainage pipe within each of the openings, and power means for propelling the transport device. Vacuum US0031 Fisher, E. F. (Whiting Corporation), Dust collector for grinding operations. U.S. 2,399,629; filed Aug. 17, 1943; issued May 7, 1946. A booth collects and precipitates dust from grinding and polishing operations. A fluid-aspirating nozzle projects a stream of liquid and air into a Venturi tube. This spray, together with the Venturi tube, creates a strong suction in a pipeline connected with a dust hood where dust is being created. Dust is drawn through the pipeline where it is wetted with water from a spray nozzle, projected into the Venturi tube, and finally ends up in a bottom chamber in the form of sludge. The sludge chamber is partitioned to separate settled sludge and clear water. Clear water may be recirculated through the aspirating nozzle, with compressed air creating necessary suction. US-0032 Black, C. R. H. Furnace dust and smoke collector. U.S. 2,487,689; filed Apr. 29, 1946; issued Nov. 8, 1949. This furnace attachment provides a suction nozzle for withdrawing dust and gases from the exterior and interior area of coal and stoker-fed furnaces. The suction device operates automatically when the feed or ash doors open or when the grate is shaken, causing dust and gas-laden air to be discharged into the stack. Such an attachment prevents smoke and dust from filling the furnace room and seeping into upper floors when one of the doors are opened. 14 ------- US-0033 Smith, L. C., and W. V. Paine (The Spencer Turbine Company), Load limiting collection apparatus. U.S. 2,496,180; filed Oct. 10, 1945; issued Jan. 31 , 1950. This apparatus is employed in vacuum cleaning equipment for reception of dust and kindred matter, so that the operator will be advised when to empty the tank. This unique feature safely limits the quantity of volatile material to be handled at one time. In the vacuum cleaning equipment, there exists a means for reception of the dust, which is under operative- control of the weight of the collected material. A switch will be actuated when the receptacle is under a predetermined weight, opening the circuit to the motor, and stopping the operation of the mechanism. US 0034 Hill, H. W. (The Dow Chemical Company), Pneumatic conveyor and feeder for loose solids. U.S. 2,623,793; filed Dec. 24, 1949; issued Dec. 30, 1952. A gas lift transfers loose subdivided solid materials. This gas lift consists of an ascending pipe conduit. The loose solids are fed through an entry gate into the lower end of this pipe. A stream of air passes upward through the pipe at a velocity sufficient to suspend and convey the solid particles to a discharge point. The solids to be fed into the pipe are contained in a body with a static head sufficient to cause a gravity flow into the lift pipe. A portion of the air stream is used to control the material feeding means. The flow of air to the feeder may be regulated to vary the rate of feed of the solids. US-0035 Yellott, J. I. (Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.), Ash handling system for high-pressure combustion of pulverized solid fuels. U.S. 2,654,218; filed June 3, 1948; issued Oct. 6, 1953. An apparatus of this type is used to cool and convey hot fly ash separated from gases derived from the combustion of pulverulent 15 ------- Collection and Transportation fuel. Features of this invention are incorporated into a generating electric power plant embodying a pulverized coal-fired gas turbine; those plants being the type used in locomotives and in marine installations. Continuous removal of hot fly ash (1,300 F) from the separator is effected. It is then discharged in a pressurized cool air stream into a container, and tbe cooling air is returned either to the system or the atmosphere. The stored fly ash, now cool, is not subject to burning or clinkering. US-0036 Birch, C. K. (Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Company), Ash removal apparatus. U.S. 2,780,187; filed Mar. 8, 1950; issued Feb. 5, 1957. An ash removal apparatus utilizes a suction system to effect a transfer of ashes from & hopper under a furnace to an ash receptacle. Heretofore, ash removal systems have not solved the problem of clogging, nor have they been automatic; this system provides for these needs. A suction box is located adjacent to the hopper connected by a conduit (with ash crusher and screw conveyor means within it); ashes withdrawn by the conveyor and crusher are fed directly to the suction box for removal by an air current. A separator then receives ashes where they separate from the air stream and settle into an ash receptacle. The ash receptacle is held in place by a support which may be easily positioned with respect to the separator in order to receive ashes. US-0037 Gebhart, N. H. Ash removal system for trucks. U.S. 2,784,858; filed Nov. 19, 1953; issued Mar. 12, 1957. This invention relating to ash removal systems provides for a tank in which the usual filter is omitted as the air for the fan may be taken directly from the tank. A truck-carried tank serves as a natural separator for the solid particles, discharging these at high velocity. As the particles impinge against a barrier they fall inert to the bottom of the 16 ------- tank; the tank Is filled progressively from the lower front corner to the upper rear margin of the tank, the air intake and the air outlet being located in the latter position. This permits the filling of the tank to near capacity without obstructing either the inlet or outlet. The device also provides a system in which a controlled portion of the pressure air is bled from the closed system at a point close to the fan discharge. This permits control of the vacuum that pulls ash into the conveying system and provides the capacity to handle ash in the tube of the vacuum line. Other provisions in the £-. This invention provides a device for conveying fluent particles of material which have been fluidized at the inlet end of the device. The device comprises an inner tube having an opening at its upper end adapted for connection to a source of vacuum. An opening is located at the lower end with spaced apertures extending through it. The outer tube is substantially coextensive with the inner tube and spaced to provide a passageway between the tubes. This passageway terminates at the tubes' lower ends and has invention include: the use of a sudden blast of air to start the flow of ashes when there has been a cessation of flow; the provision of a simple method to dumo the ashes collected by the pressure-vacuum system; and the convenient location of the various elements of the system on a vehicle of the usual dump-truck type. It is necessary to bleed off a portion of the pressure air in order to develop the vacuum required to pull ash into the stream and provide capacity to convey it in the tube of the vacuum line. This is accomplished by means of exhaust bags with zippers. • US-0038 Pendleton, F. P. (Vac-U-Max Corporation), Device for fluidizing and conveying fluent particles of material. U.S. 3,031,233; filed May 11, 1960; issued Apr. 24, 1962. an opening at its upper end for delivery of atmospheric air. The lower end of the device is inserted into a mass of fluent particles of material and vacuum applied to the upper end. The particles flow up the inner tube 17 ------- Collection and Transportation drawing air down the passageway which fluidizes the material adjacent to the lower end. US-0039 Okun, K. N. (Atlas Floor Surfacing Machinery Corporation), Suction cleaner. U.S. 3,358,316; filed Jan. 8, 1965, issued Dec. 19, 1967. This large suction cleaner is utilized in public halls and buildings. The cleaner employs multiple motors and fans. The motors are protected against dust by successive filtration operations. First, there is a dust collector bag which may be made of fabric or disposable porous paper. Next is a large filter surface which is inverted and frustoconical in shape. Finally, filter discs exist for each of the blowers. The invention dislodges dirt which cakes in the collector bag and/or on the filter surfaces by means of a breather filter. The breather filter is drawn one way by suction, and is restored in an opposite direction by resilient means. The collector bag and breather filter are so disposed that they engage and move one another or interact during the breathing movement of the filter. US 0040 Black, R. L. (Parks-Cramer Company), Apparatus for cleaning floors and disposing of fiber waste in textile mills. U.S. 3,372,425; filed Sept. I, 1965; issued Mar. 12, 1968. A traveling pneumatic cleaner cleans fiber waste from a textile mill. This cleaner is a traveling suction floor cleaner equipped with one or more collection chambers. The discharge mouth opens upward and is connected with the chamber downstream from the inlet. This discharge mouth periodically moves to and stops at a position aligned with a suction mouth which is near the discharge mouth. The interior of the suction mouth is subjected to suction and the discharge mouth is then opened. The mass of the collected material is transferred by suction, aided by the blowing air from the chamber. After the discharge is completed, the movement of the suction cleaner is resumed. The lint-laden air enters each chamber in such a manner that it flows in a helical or cyclonic path creating a low pressure area in the central portion of the chamber. The collected lint is suspended as a lightly concentrated, whirling mass in the central portion of the chamber. Exhaust filters in the chamber wall are prevented from clogging with lint by the wiping action of the helical air flow. US-0041 Baucke, H. (Jagenberg-Werke AG), Apparatus for longitudinally cutting moving webs of material, such as paper, cardboard and the like and including means to remove the cutting dust. U.S. 3,388,624; filed June 27, 1966; issued June 18, 1968. An apparatus is provided for the longitudinal cutting of moving webs of material such as papers and cardboards, and provides an arrangement which eliminates space consuming 18 ------- suction devices. The dust is subjected directly to the suction effect in the zone or area where the dust originates. The apparatus comprises upper and lower knives between which a web is adapted to move by an interconnecting yoke which is in the form of a hollow body having suction openings in it. The suction openings are arranged in series along the axis of the hollow body. an open mouth directed toward the air intake port of the blower housing. A hollow rectangular box-like collector has an apertured rear wall and an apertured front wall, with a sump lying between these two walls. The front wall of the collector is detachably secured to the suction hood, with the mouth of the hood in register with the front wall aperture of the collector. The rear wall of the collector is detachably secured to the blower housing, with the aperture of the collector rear wall in register with the air intake port of the blower housing. A flexible beater chain is US-0042 Finn, C. 0. (The Finn Equipment Company), Debris collector. U.S. 3,407,432; filed Sept. 27, 1965; issued Oct. 29, 1968. The debris collector is operated with suction force powerful enough to pick up stones, cans, bottles, cardboard cartons, pieces of wood, and other heavy objects, as well as tree leaves, paper, and other lighter-weight trash. It is composed of a vehicle with a tractional elongate frame and a blower situated on the frame. The blower includes a cylindrical drum-like hollow housing with a rear wall and a front wall whi ch is apertured to provide a port for air intake. A side wall has a port for air dischaige. A motor-driven impeller shaft includes an impeller within the housing for moving a current of air through the ports. The suction sweeper is activated by the blower for suction lifting loose debris from a lawn. Included is a suction hood which has fixed on the impeller shaft and rotates with it. The beater chain is located in the plane of the air intake port of the blower housing. The beater chain strikes and deflects debris which approaches the impeller, and induces debris into the sump. US 0013 Davis, N. E. (John E. Mitchell Company), Vacuum cleaning system. U.S. 3,425,192; filed Dec. 12, 1966; issued Feb. 4, 1969. A cleaning tank system is disclosed to be used with a vacuum hose. It consists of a cylindrical housing that can be considered in three sections. In the bottom section is a centrifugal separator for separating maximum size dirt. It discharges air into a second section containing a number of smaller cyclone separators from which other dirt is extracted and separately collected in a pan above and apart from the collector 19 ------- Collection and Transportation for the first stage. The multiple separators of the second stage then discharge toward the third section of the housing which contains the suction fan preceded by a filter to completely clean the air which finally discharges from the top section. Additionally, the apparatus has a housing with inlet and discharge sections, a vacuum supply device mounted within the housing;, a nozzle secured to the inlet section having an intake section positionable against a supporting surface, and a trailer to support a container in back of or along side of the housing to receive ths combination debris and air from the nozzle. US-0045 Jones, J. Dust collector for grinders. U.S. 3,468,076; filed U.S. Oct. 10, 1966; issued Sept. 23, 1969. Considerable dust and dirt is created by the operation of grinding surfaces by portable grinders. Areas in which grinding operations take place must be completely segregated to prevent the impurities in the air from contaminating other processes. By providing a suitable enclosure encircling the grinding disk, and by attaching the enclosure to a source of partial vacuum, virtually all of the dust and dirt can be collected. This is accomplished by means of a housing including a plate overlying the grinding disk and bearing a manifold. This manifold is connected by a flexible tubular conduit to a vacuum cleaner or similar source of vacuum. As the surface is ground away, the dust and dirt circulating in the air are collected and drawn away into E suitable receptacle. A US 0044 Cook, T. Vacuum sweeping apparatus. U.S. 3,460,185; filed Sept. 6, 1966; issued Aug. 1969. 12, This vacuum cleaner apparatus is especially adapted for use in cleaning lawn surfaces and the like of grass and leaveb. The apparatus, usable with a tractor, has a forward projecting vacuum intake head adapted to be placed flush with vertical sutfaces during usage. 35 peripheral wall of flexible material such as a thick wall of bristles is provided. While a wall of this type is not completely impervious, it provides a sufficiently tight seal so that the source of vacuum supply is able to withdraw the dust particles. 20 ------- US4046 Wild, J. A. (Parks-Cramer, Ltd.), Fiber waste disposal system for textile machines. U.S. 3,486,309; filed Nov. 17, 1966; issued Dec. 30, 1969. This system disposes of pneumatic fiber waste which is generated in textile plants. A flowing air stream conveys fiber waste to a L-50 off the incoming ground refuse into a uniform layer. Heated air is forced through the digester and distributed evenly to all parts ' «t> • - _ £L ' W i 4- -. — J, -, — l — -5i -67 common collection area. As the air stream passes through a filtering medium, waste fibers gravitate from the medium and cleansed air is exhausted from the area. Periodically, a reverse air flow cleans the filtering medium without causing a reverse flow of air at the textile machines. COMPOST/COMPOSTING Equipment US-0047 Kuebler, W. A. (A. 0. Smith Corporation), Digester tower. U.S. 2,639,902; filed Apr. 7, 1950; issued May 26, 1953. The digester tank is used in connection with the production of organic fertilizer from organic waste materials. Refuse and other wastes are stored in a number of storage tanks and inoculated with aerobic bacteria. After staying in the storage tank a desired length of time, the refuse is moved to a mixing tank for cutting and grinding into a uniform size. It is then transferred to the top of the digester tank and falls upon the uppermost grid. A spreading device levels fa^^^.^Jii^^j^ge^gra^p^CTj^igparf of the waste material. An agitator mechanism forcibly agitates the waste material to permit complete aeration. As aeration progresses, the material falls progressively from one grid to a lower grid. The digested refuse is removed from the bottom of the tank and utilized as organic fertilizer. US-0048 Ruskin, S. L. Apparatus for digestion of organic material, U.S. 2,734,803; filed Feb. 7, 1951; issued Feb. 14, 1956. In the aerobic fermentation of organic material, such as garbage and other refuse, the entire body of a digester is connected to a refuse collection truck. Refuse is dumped into a bucket until it is full, then dumped into a grinding apparatus. The ground refuse is deposited on one of four screens lying one under the other, which are attached to shafts so that they can be rolled up xvhen not in use. A motor on the outer floor of the digester provides the power for movable members of the digester. After dumping the refuse on the screens, it is sprayed with an enzymatic digesting material, a microorganisraal culture, and a nutrient 21 ------- Compost/Composting material. A heating unit is located in the digester to assure an optimum temperature during fermentation. The body of the ,13 digester is pivotally mounted to the frame so that the digested product can be dumped through an opening in the rear of the body. 55^ 40 55d ±.. •-', - . 4_T-_^_=^==--gi_^_^-f 49c 55e 80- h-3 US 0049 Riker, R. W., A. M. Brayton, and W. C. Wright (Sanitary Disposal Corporation) , Composting apparatus. U.S. 2,929,688; filed May 27, 1955; issued Mar. 22, 1960. This apparatus is for aerobic composting and is provided with means for handling material to be composted. A plant is capable of composting garbage and/or sewage sludge under aerobic conditions. Sludge enters the plant separately, passes through a liming tank, is dewatered, and passes on to a temperature-controlled mixer. The garbage which enters is chopped by crushing, grinding, or shredding; it then enters the mixer, and merges with the sludge. This mixture is heated and passed onto composting units by conveyor and is gravity dropped into the upper jLg-jggJgjjgfi c£- compartments. Air and water are readily available to each compartment and a mechanical agitator is provided in each compartment. The material is dropped from one compartment to another and finally deposited on the floor. By this method, all variables in the aerobic composting process are fully controllable. 22 ------- US-0050 Ballantyne, C. R., and W. U. Sanderson (Komline-Sanderson Engineering Corporation), Continuous batch composting apparatus. U.S. 3,041,148; filed Oct. 22, 1959; issued June 26, 1962. A composting or material-digesting device Is designed for aerobic decomposition or composting of organic material. The apparatus consists essentially of a multi-compartment drum rotating about a horizontal axis. It has means for separately charging and discharging its several compartments and means for injecting fluids or mixtures individually into the respective compartments. An electric motor supplies the power needed. Sludge or garbage will enter the apparatus through a chute or hopper to its respective compartment. A door on each compartment is closed as each is partially filled. When all compartments are loaded, the motor is started and the drum continuously tumbles and agitates the mixture. The final product is discharged onto a conveyor and transferred to a desired location. US4MD51 Petersen, K. F. (Dano Ingeniorforretning og Maskinfabrik Ingenior Kai Peterson's Fond), Apparatus for the fermentation of solid organic waste materials for making compost. U.S. 3,055,744; filed Oct. 28, 1959; issued Sept. 25, 1962. This apparatus, used for the fermentation of solid organic waste materials to make compost, consists of an elongated horizontally-positioned rotatable container. The shell of the container is provided with apertures or nozzles which open to the interior of the container. Aeration of the material is accomplished when air enters these openings. Waste material is placed in the container through a hopper, the container rotates, and the contents tumble and are thoroughly mixed. Air is supplied through the openings by a blower located at the rear of the container. Waste products passing through undergo fermentation, and are cooled and dried. The finished product goes through a final screening process when leaving the container. US-0052 Hardy, W. (The Fairfield Engineering Company), Waste material converter and method of digesting waste. U.S. 3,114,622; filed Aug. 26, 1960; issued Dec. 17, 1963. Organic waste material is treated to convert it into a finished fertilizer product smelling like garden soil. Conveyors move material from where it was discharged to a digester. Feeding of the digester can be done on a continuous or intermittent schedule independent of all feeding of materials. A conveyor sucti as a screw-type, which will not clog or jam, lifts the material from the floor and brings it to the top of the pile. The material is aerated and exchanges heat with fresh atmospheric air. The screws also separate all the particles so that atmospheric oxygen can penetrate through and to the bottom of the pile. This period of agitation 23 ------- Compost/Composting is followed by a resting period which allows the bacteria to develop, multiply, and build up internal heat. As material is fed into odorless sterilized product for use as a soil conditioner. the digester and agitated by the screws, the level of material in the digester rises. The material that was received along the wall eventually works its way to the center where it overflows and is discharged as a finished, US4053 Lindstrom, R. E. Arrangement for the aerobic biological transformation of organic waste material. U.S. 3,136,608; filed Aug. 20, 1962; issued June 9, 1964. The device comprises one large container divided into several compartments. The bottom wall of the container is sloped downward. Three compartments are located in the container. The uppermost compartment is for the reception of human excrement, the second for the reception of garbage, and the lowermost compartmer.t for storage of the transformed material. Each compartment has passageways so that the excrement can pass to the garbage and the mixture can pass to the composting storage unit. US-0054 Larson, J. D. Automatic control of digester for converting inorganic material into assimilable plant food. U.S. 3,178,267; filed July 25, 1962; issued Apr. 13, 1965. This apparatus and method of making organic fertilizer utilizes inorganic material (raw phosphate rock), organic material (sludge, manure, garbage), and an expediter (lignin, yeast, corn liquor). Insrganic materials are pulverized to pass through a 200 mesh screen and are mixed with both organic materials and an expediter which pass an 8 mesh screen. The mixture is deposited in a hopper and fed to the intake end of a drum by a screw 24 ------- conveyor. This drum is slowly rotated at about 4 revolutions per hr and is supplied with a heating unit. The delivered product is directed from the discharge end of the drum to an endless conveyor. It is transported to a truck or other suitable storage means to await shipment. A 24-hr period is required to complete this process. US-0055 Varro, S., and M. MacDuffie (Waste Processes, Inc.), Apparatus for converting waste material into fertilizer. U.S. 3,233,976; filed July 24, 1963; issued Feb. 8, 1966. This system produces fertilizer by processing the following organic waste materials: (1) urban waste, e.g., municipal garbage and trash; (2) alimentary waste, e.g., restaurant refuse, swill, etc.; (3) agricultural wastes, 25 ------- Compost/Composting e.g., manure, tobacco stems, bagasse, etc.; and (4) industrial wastes, e.g., canning wastes, coffee grounds, paper wastes, etc. After the waste has been ground to pulp, it is delivered to the upper layer of a series of superposed, vertically spaced, stationary decks. The pulp is advanced as a layer down the stepped decks. Rakes move and agitate the waste as it moves down the deck arrangement in order to expose all of the material to the air. This exposure stimulates aerobic bacterial action with respect to the pulp. This system promotes the digestion of the waste due to bacterial action, thereby producing a product suitable for use as a fertilizer. US-0056 Pierson, N. A. Apparatus for processing wet garbage. U.S. 3,236,743; filed Jan. 22, 1962; issued Feb. 22, 1966. Garbage is converted to useful products through a process of fermentation. The chemical content of garbage may be recovered or converted to useable compositions after this fermentation process. A hopper receives the refuse to be processed and a pathogen-killing chemical is injected into the hopper. An auger conveyor moves the refuse toward one end of the hopper and simultaneously grinds the refuse into a soft, moist slurry. The refuse slurry is discharged into a grinder for further comminuting the refuse. The ground refuse is passed through a magnetic separator at the discharge opening of the grinder, is pumped to a fermentation tank, and remains for 20 to 48 hr. Alcohol produced during fermentation can be recycled as the pathogen-killing chemical. This useful and sanitary method of disposal will yield many valuable chemicals to offset the operating costs. US-0057 Redman, L. E. (Garbage Service Company, Inc.), Apparatus for treating organic and inorganic waste. U.S. 3,246,954; filed Feb. 9, 1962; issued Apr. 19, 1966. Material to be composted is moved by a conveyor from a storage hopper to a grinder. During transportation, the refuse is subjected to manual and magnetic separation. The ground refuse is then conveyed to a rotary 26 ------- mixing drum which is heated. Heated water is introduced into the refuse while it is mixing. The mixed waste material is delivered to a suitable hopper or receptacle serving as a digester compartment. A shaft with several radiating arms rotates and agitates the refuse during fermentation. The refuse passes through three digester compartments by conveyors. After leaving the third digester, the compost is again agitated. A grinder receives the compost from the agitator and pulverizes it. Two driers remove all moisture from the composting material. From the driers, the compost is screened and delivered to a final grinder. The end product is now ready for use. to the bottom. Warm moist air is placed in contact with the zone of the surface of the material until the whole body of the material US-0058 Emmet, E. (Dunfix Establissement), Apparatus for the manufacture of compost. U.S. 3,248,175; filed Feb. 7, 1963; issued Apr. 26, 1966. In the production of compost from organic waste products, town refuse, kitchen waste, feces, or suitable material is fed into the composting container without being sorted or chopped beforehand. The horizontal cylindrical rotating container is only partly filled, leaving an open space over the refuse material. Material is tumbled from the surface has been processed. The next stage is one in which all particles of the material are supplied by warm moist air; air is then shut off completely and the microorganisms begin the decomposition process. As the process is a continuous one, the ripening conditions in the individual parts add together and yield ripe compost in a comparatively short period. It is possible to arrive at a practically ripe compost in 1 to 3 days. US-0059 Pierson, N. A. Apparatus for collection and treating heterogeneous waste materials. U.S. 3,248,176; filed Jan. 26, 1965; issued Apr. 26, 1966. A system is provided for collecting municipal refuse, and for treating these heterogeneous waste materials. Refuse is dumped into a receiving pit where it comes to rest on a slatted conveyor. Some of the TO ___ 27 ------- Compost/Composting liquid content of the refuse drains down through the slats. The conveyor moves the refuse to an accumulator chamber. Measured amounts of the refuse are conveyed into the composting plant. The refuse is subjected to manual separation and then is conveyed to a pulverizing and mixing apparatus. Liquids are added to bring the moisture content to the desired level, these liquids being those drained from the refuse while it was on the conveyor. Raw sewage is added and thoroughly mixed with the refuse. An elevator carries the mixture to the uppermost digestion cell. Moisture-sensitive controls in the cell record the moisture content of the refuse entering the cell and control the degree of closure of the control valve. Collection trucks discharge the refuse into a hopper or pit. Refuse is moved by conveyor to a picking and separating station, where manual and magnetic separation takes place on a slowly-moving conveyor. The conveyor discharges the refuse into a grinder. After grinding, the refuse is conveyed to a mixing drum and heated water is sprayed upon the refuse in the mixer to raise its temperature. An endless conveyor transports the mixed refuse to one of six digester chambers and allows the refuse to undergo a 6-day fermentation process. A discharge conveyor removes the composted material and transfers it to a grinder. Composted, ground refuse is then conveyed to a drier and, after drying, goes through another grinding operation. The refuse may then be bagged or collected as a finished and saleable product. US-0060 Redman, L. E. (Garbage Service Company, Inc.), Apparatus for composting waste materials. U.S. 3,276,845; filed Nov. 30, 1962; issued Oct. 4, 1966. Waste materials containing organic and inorganic constituents are composted by this method. US-0061 Tracy, J. F. Method and means for the treatment of garbage. J.S. 3,362,650; filed June 7, 1965; issued Jan. 9, 1968. Garbage is sorted and converted into useful material in a water-filled settling tank provided with a rapidly moving current which removes the lighter, organic material from the tank. The denser, inorganic material settles to the bottom of the tank. A carriage with a cutting grid and a propeller operates along the length of the tank. The organic material is finely divided after its removal from the settling tank, and is then deposited on filter beds. The water is drained from the organic material which is then piled into windrows for composting. After an initial period of anaerobic composting, the interiors of the windrows may be exposed to the atmosphere by passageways made by augers for further aerobic composting which converts the garbage into fertilizer. The tank contains a suspension medium for receiving garbage. The first separator operative within the tank removes the relatively light material and suspension medium from the tank. It also finely divides the removed material. The second separator removes the suspension medium from the finely divided material. A mobile shredder passes over a portion of the tank and a mobile crane with a clam shell bucket is utilized to dig out the solids and to load them on a truck which conveys this material to a solids preparation area. 28 ------- 194 US 0062 Cobey, T. Compost turner and windrow forming machine. U.S. 3,369,797; filed June 8, 1966; issued Feb. 20, 1968. This mobile apparatus straddles ground-deposited material, such as compost. It is provided with a power-driven rotatable throwing device which engages and fragments the material and transfers it through a passageway in the apparatus. The fragmented material is discharged and redeposited in a windrow formation. The apparatus has a straddle frame which defines a ground level enclosed, longitudinally-extending passageway. The compost-thrower has a number of radially projecting teeth to throw the compost. The thrower is rotatably secured to the frame, for rotation about an axis transverse to the passageway. Vertically positioned retaining wings are held by the frame in a transverse relationship to define the feed throat and discharge throat of the passageway. Material is transferred from the feed throat through the passageway to 29 ------- Compost/Composting the discharge throat. The passageway converges toward the discharge end to deposit the material in a continuous windrow formation. US-0063 Klein, G. T. Composting device. U.S. 3,438,584; filed May 19, 1967; issued Apr. 15, 1969. The device works and turns matter such as fertilizers, manures, soil conditioners, or windrows of organic compost. Decompostion, screening, and bagging of the resulting mixture can be expeditiously accomplished. 67 The vehicle has an auger that works, turns, and lifts rows of matter while the vehicle is driven through the matter. The auger directs the matter toward the center and then lifts the matter. A conveying device receives the matter from the auger and then feeds it to a spreader which selectively guides the matter so it can be piled as it was originally prior to being worked. 34 30 ------- US 0064 Brown, V. (New Life Foundation), Composting conveyor. U.S. 3,438,740; filed Feb. 1, 1966; issued Apr. 15, 1969. A composting conveyor is movable along an elongated tank for periodically agitating organic material placed in the tank for aerobic digestion. The conveyor is inclined and operable in a gap of the material to progressively elevate the material adjacent the lower portion of the conveyor to a position above the level of the material in the tank and discharge it back into the tank. The conveyor is reversible as to the direction of travel relative to the tank. A second conveyor travels along with the inclined conveyor to receive material from it and discharge it beyond one side of the tank after the organic material has been aerobically digested. The control means includes limit switches at the ends of the tank and the inclination of the conveyor is affected by a hydraulic unit responsive to the limit switches. Processes US-0065 Geraghty, C. J., R. R. Kennedy, and C. S. Seabrook (Modoc Peat Moss Company) , Process of composting municipal refuse in windrows. U.S. 2,798,800; filed Mar. 1, 1954; issued July 9, 1957. The only equipment needed in this process of composting unsegregated solid municipal UNSORTED MUNICIPAL REFUSE 31 ------- Compost/Composting refuse is a bulldozer or power shovel and a screen. Refuse is stacked in a windrow in which the moisture content remains at 40 to 60 percent. The windrow is tumbled every few days by means of a bulldozer and blade which moves the windrow laterally a distance about equal to its width. It is restored to its original height and this tumbling operation is repeated until the garbage content of the waste has been composted and converted to humus. This process usually takes 3 to 8 weeks. The remaining unsegregated mixture of junk and humus is screened, the oversize particles being rejected and the undersize particles resulting in the finished product. US-0066 Dresser, W. C., and R. D. Jacobson (American Cyanamid Company), Method for preparing compost. U.S. 2,820,703; filed May 19, 1954; issued Jan. 21, 1958. RAW MATERIAL INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE I INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE 2 INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE 4 INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE 5 it has a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 10,000 units. Material is removed from the cell and segregated into two portions. One of these portions is used as the inoculum for fresh, incoming raw material, with which it is mixed and placed in the first cell. The remaining portion is transferred to the second cell and allowed to digest further. When the COD of the second cell reaches about 9,000 units, the material is removed and segregated into two portions. One of these portions is used as the inoculum for material being transferred from the first cell to the second. The remainder of the material from the second cell is transferred to the third cell. This process is continued from stage to stage in the manner described until the COD of the material is about 6,000 units. The final product is further aerated and bagged in suitable containers. US-0067 Pierson, N. A. (Naturizer Company), Process of fermenting municipal refuse disposal. U.S. 2,823,106; filed Sept. 1, 1954; issued Feb. 11, 1958. Municipal refuse and sewage are disposed of by composting. Refuse-collecting trucks dump refuse in windrows and the pile is rolled by the trucks to effect compaction of the refuse. The compacted pile is then moistened and inoculated with bacteria to induce speedy decomposition. Subsequently the windrows are turned to loosen the refuse and provide aerobic bacterial action. After repeated moistening arid rolling of the refuse, it is completely decomposed into an organic humus. The compost is then screened INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE 6. COMPOST This multi-stage process is used for converting organic waste material of animal and vegetable origin to useful compost. The raw starting material is allowed to digest until by a screening mechanism to remove all noncompostable material. All tin cans and rubber articles are decomposed. The end compost product is bagged and ready for commericial use. 32 ------- US-0068 Jeffreys, G. A. Simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic composting process. U.S. 2,867,521; filed Mar. 3, 1955; issued Jan. 6, 1959. In the production of compost from industrial and other wastes, raw wastes are subjected to at least three and usually four stages of microorganismal activity. When the waste possesses a substantial content of cellulose and lignin, it is first subjected to fungal mold action. It then goes through a period of predominant decomposition by bacteria in the mesophilic range (bacteria which thrive at temperatures below about 45 to 50 C) . This is followed by a period of maximum activity by bacteria in the thermophilic range (bacteria thriving above temperatures of about 45 to 50 C) . The final stage is one in which actinoniycetes play the most active role. The thoroughly composted, stabilized material is dried and ready for use. When cellulosic and lignin content is low, the initial fungal stage may be omitted. Raw waste should first be ground, shredded, or pulverized into a relatively fine state of comminution. US-0069 Gorby, H. B. (American Dross Disposal Corporation), Rapid composting. U.S. 2,947,619; filed Mar. 22, 1957; issued Aug. 2, 1960. This rapid composting process uses a minimum of equipment. The moisture content of the composting material should be adjusted to about 40 to 60 percent. This can be done by frequent turning and aerating of extremely moist material, mechanical driers, spraying water on very dry material, or by adding moist compost to dry compost. The pH of the compost should be kept between 6.5 to 7.5 by addition of ash, carbonates, or lime or by aeration accomplished by shredding and tossing the compost. Temperature should be kept between 50 to 60 C and is controlled by regulating the aeration process. The composting process should be carried on in a shelter with an asphalt or concrete base. Windrows should be about 4 to 6 ft in height and 8 to 10 ft in width. After composting, the material is conveyed out of the shelter, over a magnetic separator and through a shredder. It is thrown into the air and falls in a porous heap on the ground, ready for final curing. US-0070 Carlsson, P. M., and K. F. Petersen. Method and apparatus for the fermentation of waste materials containing organic constituents. U.S. 2,954,285; filed Dec. 9, 1953; issued Sept. 27, 1960. Waste materials are processed by subjecting them to aerobic thermophilic fermentation accompanied by a powerful generation of heat. Waste materials are introduced into a rotatable, horizontally-positioned cylindrical container. Air is introduced in a radial direction to the waste materials in the lower part of the container. During rotation of the waste, the aeration medium will be able to evenly penetrate the whole of the material. The material is introduced in an axial direction through a preheating zone, a main fermentation zone, and drying zone. By this means, a continuous treatment is possible. The process lasts for 3 to 5 days and the resulting product is completely fermented. US-0071 Pierson, N. A. (Naturizer Company), Process of decomposing and stabilizing refuse. U.S. 2,969,279; filed Aug. 1, 1956; issued Jan. 24, 1961. Waste materials are composted to produce a product suitable for use as a soil nutrient. Refuse is introduced into a pulverizer from a refuse collection truck. This pulverizer has a screen attached so that the refuse is screened upon leaving the pulverizer. As material passes through the pulverizer, water is introduced through sprays to adjust the moisture content to 50 to 70 percent. An aerobic bacteria and A, f: 'n.gatus fungi are introduced into the pulverized refuse. 33 ------- Compost/Composting The pulverized refuse then passes through a grinder and then into a digestion cell. The entire wall will be constantly exposed to INQCULANr HATfX fHtKAL . . ,2 tt-yfH/ti# (4 \ '> QYfttfiGf cfLi 'A' (fa 'a' CfLL '£' / nu cfa y OVfffA Sf AfCYCif (' /* S^~ air while in the cell. Refuse is discharged downward from one cell to another after staying in each about 24 hr. After passing through all six cells, the refuse is passed through a grinder and transferred to windrows. About 12 days are required for composting in the windrows. Composted refuse can then be packaged or stored for later use. US-0072 Crane, T. A,, and P. R. Adams. Method for making fertilizer. U.S. 3,041,157; filed Oct. 5, 1955; issued June 26, 1962. Putrefiable organic waste materials are converted into compost. Before the waste is processed, it is sorted to remove inorganic matter and then put through a grinder. It is then agitated to remove excess moisture. Inoculating bacteria and other additives may be put into the waste just before it is fed into the digester. The digester unit consists of numbers of tiers of chambers, each of which contain rotary blade conveyors. Treated >'> through four main stages or chambers, one above the other. Each stage is controlled so that its temperature, humidity, and air do not affect any of the bacteria that work on the material to decompose it. Material may be recirculated during the process by moving it to an upper chamber or keeping it in the same chamber a longer period of time. Rotary blades gently rotate and agitate the material 27 as it passes through the chambers. The composted material is thsm removed from the discharge end of the unit. US-0073 Foth, H. S. (International Vibro, Inc.), Method of processing waste material. U.S. 3,113,014; filed Sept. 7, 1960; issued Dec. 1963. 3, waste passes continuously through tie digester at a very slow speed. It passes Waste material is processed to produce a humus product useful as a soil conditioner. Material to be processed is discharged onto a classifying screen to separate the material according to bulk size. That which passes through the screen is subjected to magnetic separation. The material ten^iining ii conveyed to a grinding mill and any desired chemical nutrients can be added. After ground material is discharged, it is feJ into a briquette press for compression into relatively small units. Resulting briquettes are packaged or enclosed within an air-tight covering or coating. Anaerobic digestion take^ place while the briquettes are in tne package. The material is exposed to air after the anaerobic cycle for aerobic digestion. Added to the soil, 34 ------- this humus produces a most desirable fertilizer product. WASTE MATERIAL nvES MAGNETIC SEfMRATOR GRiHDifiS MILL t~ BRWUET PRESS MET — DISC fso TO 6L METALL/C MATERIAL US-0074 Eweson, E. W. Multistage process of producing organic fertilizer. U.S. 3,138,447; filed May 17, 1960; issued June 23, 1964. Organic fertilizer is produced in this invention by the fermentation of moist organic Materials. Raw refuse is dumped into a hopper which discharges it through a screen of coarse mesh. The screenings enter the body of a digester, which is mounted for rotation in a horizontal position. It is divided into compartments by partitions provided with transfer buckets which are selectably opened. These buckets allow material to be transferred from one compartment to another. Air is forced through the entire digester from the lower end. Each compartment is vented to maintain the optimum climate for the microorganisms present. A portion of the treated material is left in each stage as a culture for inoculation of transferred material. The entire digester is rotated to ensure efficient aeration, complete mixing, and inoculation of the transferred material. / ,' K-3 US-0075 Schulze, K. L. Method for control of aerobic decomposition. U.S. 3,138,448; filed Mar. 28, 1961; issued June 23, 1964. This apparatus automatically regulates the aerobic decomposition or composting of organic material. It is accomplished by varying air supply in response to sensed aerobic activity within the organic material undergoing decomposition. The air supply line to the enclosed mass of composting material is controlled by a thermostatically-operated solenoid valve. Microorganisms use up the oxygen in the unit, aerobic respiration decreases, and heat diminishes. This causes the air supply line to open using the thermal sensing means. The line remains open until the pre-set temperature is again reached and the cycle is repeated. This type of 35 ------- Compost/Composting temperature control keeps the compost in the optimum temperature range for the aerobic organisms. from the treatment of cellulosic materials with caustic soda arc usually called ''black liquor.'" This black liquor is mixed with the town refuse in ratio;; relative to the condition of the refuse. When the ash content of the refuse is higher than normal, as in the winter, straw, sawdust, or pulp can be added to decrease the percentage of ash. The mixing of the black liquor with the refuse is accomplished by means of a mixing screw which thoroughly mixes and reduces the constituents. This riixture is subjected to composting in the open air. This final product is granular and contains about 40 percent water. A combination of town refuse with waste from the paper industry gives products of higher quality than those obtained by other methods. US-0076 Usse, J., and H. Spindler (Compagnie Electro-Chimique du Centre), Process for the production of fertilizers from town refuse and black liquor. U.S. 3,141,759; filed Apr. 19, 1960; issued July 21, 1964. This invention is a method of producing fertilizer from town refuse. Residual juices US-0077 MacDuffie, M., and S. Varro (Waste Processes, Inc.), Method of converting waste material into fertilizer. U.S. 3,142,557; filed Nov. 24, 1959; issued July 28, 1964. Organic fertilizer is. produced from organic waste materials. Trucks carrying garbage or other refuse dump their loads into a trough •which has an apron conveyor for its bottom side. The refuse is transferred to other 36 ------- conveyors directly below and at right angles to the apron conveyor. Compressors even out the refuse in a uniform mat at the discharge end of the belt. The matted refuse is conveyed to a primary grinder which converts the refuse into a finely ground pulp. This pulp is then put through another grinder and then screened and separated. Storage tanks receive this pulp and transfer it to the digesters as needed. In the digesters, the pulp travels over eight superimposed levels or decks while the pulp is converted into compost by aerobic bacterial action. The digested pulp or compost is conveyed to vibrating screens. The screened matter is ready for use as compost while the tailings are recirculated through the digester. US-0078 Eweson, E. W. (International Eweson Corporation), Fermented fertilizer having a granular structure and the method for producing the same. U.S. 3,235,369; filed June 29, 1962; issued Feb. 15, 1966. A method for manufacturing organic fertilizers is provided in which silica mineral particles are used to obtain a granular fertilizer structure in material produced by /" /" . . r •f •,!••• l«i umi f rrfV^. i.Lm fermentation (thus powdery or fibrous in composition). Refuse containing glass is used, where the glass is ground to desired particle size and serves as the nucleus for the aggregation of the fermenting material. The mixture of organic material and silica is subjected to aerobic microbial fermentation by known methods. The mass is processed to reach a temperature of at least 55 C and a 6 percent concentration of carbon dioxide. Fermentation will be completed in 72 to 96 hr in a multi-stage rotary digester or 2 to 6 months in an ordinary compost heap. Sand or clay products may be used in place of glass. Pierson, N. A. System for controlling the addition of liquids to refuse. U.S. 3,236,605; filed Dec. 18, 1961; issued Feb. 22, 1966. This invention provides a novel system for adding a liquid mixture of water and a nitrogen-containing chemical to refuse n material which is to be composted. Raw refuse is allowed to drain off liquids and is then sent through two grinders. Drainage liquid, water, and aqueous ammonia are mixed in a mixing manifold and transferred to a storage tank. The storage tank is heated and the warm liquid fed into the second grinder. The moisture content of the refuse is precisely adjusted, and by means of meters, valves, and other apparatus, the mixture of the fluid elements and thin flow are exactly controlled. Various chemical elements and other liquids can be accurately added to any material ready for composting. US-0080 Schulze, K. L. Continuous single-zone thermophilic phase composting process. U.S. 3,285,732; filed Dec. 5, 1963; issued Nov. 15, 1966. This aerobic composting process contains all the decomposing material in a reactor which 37 ------- Compost/Composting is maintained at an optimum temperature range. Garbage is fed into a shredder which has a 3/4-in. opening screen. Sewage sludge and vermiculite are mixed with the shredded garbage. The mixture is placed in a rotating drum and heated to between 130 F and 160 F. Air is continuously supplied to the drum and the compost removed after about 3 weeks. After removal, the product is stored in an open bin. Two to three weeks later, the product is ready for use as a soil conditioner. US 0081 Pierson, N. A. Aerobic composting with comminution and forcea aeration. U.S. 3,298,821; filed Mar. 26, 1964; issued Jan. 17, 1967. Organic waste material is converted into a stabilized compost having use as a soil nutrient. The refuse to be composted is ;V. .^?T:W;-,t:"''''.T^p\| ^=^~~====±M "n—'-,: \l \| ... -c fed to a grinder which also elevates, the temperature of the refuse. An elevator carries the ground refuse upward to an air lock. Refuse then falls downward to rest on a conveyor and, when its weight is sufficient, the conveyor switch is activated. The refuse moves outward toward the end of the conveyor. It remains on the conveyor for approximately 24 hr before falling to an underlying conveyor. This conveyor operates on the same principle and the refuse usually stays here for approximately 24 hr. This partially composted material may be transported to a landfill for disposal or retained for further composting. The retained refuse is put through a grinder and conveyed to an elevator. It is lifted to a secondary digestion belt and cell and goes through an identical operation. A final grinding and screening is followed by bagging the final products. US-0082 Bratzler, K. , H. Schafer, G. F. W. Hingst, and P. Aalrust (Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft), Process for producing nitrogen-rich organic materials especially for use as fertilizers. U.S. 3,325,275; filed June 26, 1963; issued June 13, 1967. This process produces a nitrogen-rich fertilizer from humic acid and/or lignin reacting with ammonia and oxygen. Hjmic acid or materials of vegetable origin containing humic acid, lignin containing materials, or carbohydrates containing residues are reacted with ammonia at a temperature of 50 to 130 C and at a pressure of 10 to 150 atmospheres. Oxygen is added in a 5 to 3 ratio of oxygen to ammonia. The pH of the mixture is maintained at least at 7.5. Substances contained in the sulfite liquors of the cellulose industry provide the best supply of lignin materials. After the reaction has terminated, the final products are obtained by evaporation and drying of the reaction products. US-0083 Sroda, G. R. Method o: preparing an organic soil conditioner. U.S. 3,353,948; filed Sept. 9, 1964; issued Nov. 21, 1967. This soil conditioner is made from poultry manure and fibrous material which is free of noxious weed seeds, insecticides, herbicides or fungicides. Manure is collected from animals grown in confinement only and fed a ration of high protein and mineral content. Peat is the other ingredient in this fertilizer. A layer of fibrous material is placed in a moisture-free room and water is sprayed over it. Manure is placed on this layer in a ratio of one part manure to 10 parts fibrous material. Additional water is sprayed on this layer. The mixture is then mixed by a motor-driven unit having any form of mixing blades. Water :.s added during the mixing procedure. The final mixture is about 10 to 20 parts water, and this pile is allowed to compost in a temperature not lower than 70 F. The final product, which is packaged in suitable containers, has the ability to open tight or clay soils and close loose or sandy soils. US-0084 Snell, J. R. Method and apparatus for the aerobic composting of crganic waste material. U.S. 3,357,812; filed Cct. 20, 1964; issued Dec. 12, 1967. 38 ------- Finely-divided organic material is composted by a continuous method by the action of aerobic thermophilic micro-organisms. The steps include establishing and maintaining in a composting zone an everchanging treatment mass by supplying nondecomposed organic material to a feed-receiving location in the zone. A proportionate quantity of material from this zone is discharged at a point remote from the feed-receiving location, and decomposition of organic material is affected in the treatment mass in the zone by maintaining the mass in a loosely piled condition by successively agitating laterally adjacent portions of it at a number of vertically spaced elevations. This is carried out without substantial vertical displacement of material from any of the vertically spaced elevations while uniformly contacting the entire treatment mass with air by passing vertically through it a relatively slow moving stream of air. This stream of air has a cross section equal to the area of the treatment mass and quantity at least sufficient to satisfy the oxygen requirements of aerobic thermophilic micro-organisms therein. The quantity of air passed through the mass is regulated to maintain a constant temperature level in the treatment mass. US-0085 Pruessner, R. D., and R. C. Woerner (Petro-Tex Chemical Corporation), Waste treatment processes. U.S. 3,401,113; filed July 11, 1966; issued Sept. 10, 1968. This process is designed to treat domestic or municipal wastes and also industrial wastes which may contain a high percentage of volatile and toxic materials, as well as other pollutiona] materials. The procedure consists of extended aerobic waste decomposition. The waste is introduced directly and continuously to the aeration zone in a specified ratio of waste to activated sludge (0.15 to 0.41 Ib BOD per Ib MLVSS). This combination of rapid dispersion of the waste with the activated sludge in a specified critical range of proportions substantially eliminates volatilization, foam, and difficulty in settling, and the need for additional pH control. US 0086 Redman, E. (Garbage Service Company, Inc.), Method for treating organic and inorganic waste material. U.S. 3,419,377; filed Apr. 19, 1966; issued Dec. 31, 1968. This process for composting fermentable organic and inorganic material first requires that the materials be ground within a temperature-controlled atmosphere. Preheated liquid is added to produce a temperature-controlled mass while fermentation is initiated. The temperature-controlled 39 ------- Compost/Composting mass is delivered into one end of an elongated enclosure. The mass is formed and shaped for fermentation while moving toward the other end of the enclosure. The 2! 26 22 J7 36 22 59_ »§ p^ '--fp^ DicerajoMB 1, > 1 -—"7- \|j£Z"" V ~sv mass is simultaneously aerated and agitated while moisture is added. The mass is reformed within the enclosure to permit the free circulation of air through and about the mass while it moves within the enclosure. The mass is agitated and aerated by fluffing and breaking it up. This produces new areas for fermentation at a rate determined by the fermentation temperature of the mass. The mass is processed through second, third, and fourth stages of fermentation, accompanied by the reforming, agitating, and aerating of the first fermentation stage. The mass is finally discharged and ground for delivery to a drier. The dried mass is screened. Screened particles are ground to obtain a finished product. US-0087 Kitagawa, H., Y. Maeda, S. Nakamura, T. Miyagi, S. Itoh, M. Kimura, and Y. Suzuki (Hitachi Chemical Company), Method and an apparatus for purifying waste. U.S. 3,428,555; filed Jan. 3, 1967; issued Feb. 18, 1969. A method and apparatus are provided for purifying waste such as human waste, domestic waste, city sewage, or industrial effluent water including pulp, medical, food, and fiber wastes or wastes from plating or oil and fat works and slaughterhouses. The method consists of ae'robically purifying waste products in a vessel using aerobes or an activated sludge which Is kept alive in a bath of the waste products in the vessel. The solid substances are conveyed through a dissolving zone containing smooth rotating surfaces, which successively contact the air and the waste products. The waste products are further conveyed through an aeration zone also containing smooth rotating surfaces. The rotating surfaces supply oxygen and ' provide a circulating f].ow sufficient to distribute the dissolved oxygen throughout the waste products and to prevent settling of the activated sludge, The aerated waste products are introduced into a settling zone to separate the suspended activated sludge from the purified product. US-0088 Brown, V. (Metropolitan Waste Conversion Corporation), Composting method for aerobic digestion of organic wasite material. U.S. 3,451,799; filed June 2, 1967; issued June 24, 1969. Waste organic material is composted by complete aerobic digestion, obtaining an organic fertilizer of uniform analysis. The process consists of first distributing a mass of heterogeneous ground waste material in layers in a tank, agitating and lifting the 40 ------- material from the ends of the layers to a point above the surface of the mass, and dropping it back into the tank to convert the mass to a homogeneous nonlayered mass while exposing it to air. The batch is chemically analyzed and chemicals are added as required, either in solution by spraying or fogging, or by broadcasting if dry chemicals are used, to produce a fertilizer product of desirable and uniform analysis. Nitrogen phosphate or potash are the chemicals uniformly supplied. DISPOSAL US-0089 Smith, R. B. (Sinclair Refining Company), Pyrolytic conversion of hydrocarbons. U.S. 2,517,139; filed Apr. 29, 1947; issued Aug. 1, 1950. The pyrolytic conversion of hydrocarbons involves the use of a finely divided catalyst. The catalyst, at elevated temperature, is suspended in oil vapors, and is then passed to a reaction zone in which conversion of the oil occurs, and ~he spent catalyst is separated from the oil vapors. The cayalyst is regenerated by burning off coke or carbon dioxide, and then employed again. Effluent gases from the regenerating zone containing catalyst fines are subjected to ultrasonic vibrations. This causes the particles of the catalyst dispersed in the gases to be readily separable from the effluent gases. These vibrations may also be imparted to .the gaseous suspension. US-0090 Smith, R. B. (Sinclair Refining Company), Pyrolytic conversion of hydrocarbons with the aid of a catalyst. U.S. 2,556,114; filed June 27, 1947; issued June 5, 1951. In a pyrolytic conversion process, a finely-divided catalyst is brought into contact with vaporized hydrocarbons to be converted in a reaction zone. The catalyst VAFOM ItftUUTM is separated from the oil vapors, stripped of hydrocarbons, and regenerated by decarbonization for use again. This invention ------- employs less equipment than normal and does not need to utilize steam as a stripping medium. The operation and apparatus are compact and simple, for the reaction, stripping, and regeneration all occur in a single chamber. This minimizes heat radiation losses. The catalyst is maintained throughout the system in a fluidized condition, though it is not always of uniform density. The lower and intermediate portions of the single chamber are separated by a partition to form a central reaction zone and an outer stripping and regenerating zone. Air, or other oxygen-containing gas, is employed for regeneration of the catalyst. Caution, however, is exerted to limit the amount of oxygen used, so that the products of combustion coming into contact with the spent catalyst are relatively free from oxygen. US-0091 Schutt, H. C. (Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation), Pyrolysis furnace. U.S. 2,557,569; filed Feb. 14, 1948; issued June 19, 1951. This pyrolysis furnace treats hydrocarbon fluids for the production of olefines. Fluids are heated in separate streams at appropriate treating temperatures to insure the prevention of any imdesired sharp temperature rises at tiese temperatures. This is accomplished by means of the novel cellular design of the furnace. The invention results in a proper balance between convection and radiant-heating surface in the furnace. The supports for the tubular heating elements are prevented from failure, because the tube support system is adapted for the passage of a coolant fluid which preferably flows through a convection shield baik. fj — J _ S»"1>>f- S2 -^^J IT ', : , /_-^ i •.^- 1. „. £ / S- « ^u S- I '3 n«t k"j? ^t4v I / " j r f V i (-r! ,3/JHS L * i ; « * V ft < * t^, -7 l>- a ? 1> 9 i ?^ 1? - •t/ 5 $ J -J2- J — 'x,'' ^; ,1 — J 16 0- /J /4 i" r'f ; e 'h 9 • a 44 V V ^* i Jp a J 9^ J , 1 * « i 4* ? p / i ! •!••«< 1 - as ^3—- -i^' - i: j4. t'^A. '17 -IS ~n 7- • s n \ '• f"1 ?& ^s »x\| ^J/~L * -/ . 1 L 40 1 J n 1 t -4- , tb -^-» 2 L7 £ -7 -e s ''1 •« ' rrt r S* i, •\ L/' ^V J — 1 •H -- '< ( ^ 41- -i £? ) , , iS . \-)-< 1 _ . f I '/""'i '17 A 7" ' ^ ^4 •?i i^Jj ^ ' ^ • u 1 i ^ L ; •7 .-?. S 1^ ' 51 3$' '• T ' • ' . ~ t ^J -" " ' V ' A1 . t: s t t ' p rru :.! 4Z ' , TF _i^r. '17 ' 1 1 j 37 : ^ -zs J5- -4i _^ A -- -^- i . -;<: f' •o. • - ^ \ ! ^ / / L -v« US 0092 Akerlund, F. E. Apparatus and process for thermal destruction of waste materials. U.S. 3,207,854; filed Nov. 14, 1957; issued Apr. 3, 1962. This apparatus is employed for thermal decomposition of waste materials such as household and industrial wastes. This process is continuous and destroys waste materials without the additional application of heat 42 ------- other than the heat generated by the self-destruction of the materials. The heat generated at a reaction or heating zone is moved as a flow of heated gases in a direction counter to the movement of the waste material being heated. This drives off any moisture in the material, destructively distills the material, and carbonizes it without effecting complete consumption. The carbonized waste material constitutes a fuel used in a reaction zone to create the heat needed for drying and distilling the material. While the waste material is being dried, non-condensable gases driven off from the material are recirculated. These gases, mixed with air, move to the carbonization reaction zone to cause reduction of the material to remove ash and innocuous gases. US-0093 Pierson, N. A. System for treating municipal refuse. U.S. 3,236,604; filed Oct. 3, 1960; issued Feb. 22, 1966. This system reclaims all the valuable components or materials in municipal refuse with a minimum of manual labor and cost. A manual picking table is the first step of the process. The refuse is conveyed over the picking table at a depth for manual observation and removal of salvageable components. From the picking table, the remaining refuse is conveyed to a grinding mechanism. The ground refuse is then transported to a light products separation device for the removal of paper, plastics, metal foils and similar materials. Metals _y Isroferf30 tio s~- GLASS- O'UT 43 ------- are removed from the heavier ground refuse discharged, and the remainder of the refuse is removed to a distillation apparatus, and alternatively to a composting apparatus. 130 US-0094 Smith, R. H. Deep sea refuse disposal. U.S. 3,395,663; filed Feb. 20, 1967; issued Aug. 6, 1968. lo This barge, which is equipped with a nonbouyant refuse cont ainer mounted in an open well, disposes oi municipal refuse and trash at sea. The nonbuoyant container is filled with trash and carried out to sea on the barge. Then, the container is placed in the water and submerged to a depth sufficient to render the mixed garbage nonbuoyant. A trap door in the container is opened thereby permitting the material to sink to the ocean bottom. Since substantially all buoyant porous substances will become saturated and lose their positive buoyancy if lowered to a certain depth in water, this device eliminates the refuse with no evidence of the refuse being left upon the sarface of the water. US-0095 Balbi, V. L. Refuse disposal system and apparatus. U.S. 3,426,715; filed Aug. 29, 1967; issued Feb. 11, 1969. 44 ------- An improved method and apparatus for the burial at sea of garbage and other refuse in a safe, economical and sanitary manner involves a special form of barge. The barge has a body portion with an open gate at one end and a or casing in which the material is fed and in which is formed a flame chamber. The reaction layer limits the usual structural expenditure traveling bulkhead for discharging the contents of the barge into the sea at a safe distance from the shore. The barge has a false or pontoon bottom which can be flooded to change the draft and trim of the barge as an assist in the discharge of the refuse at the burial point. To prevent the return of buoyant garbage and other refuse, such as empty containers, cans and bottles are crushed and broken and the entire contents of the barge is contained as a unit by a wrapping of open mesh wire screen or other suitable material so packed and wetted as to insure sinking to the bottom of the sea. US-0096 Wotschke, J. Apparatus for the thermal decomposition of waste products. U.S. 3,344,758; filed Dec. 5, 1963; issued Oct. 3, 1967. This thermal decomposition apparatus treats refuse of any kind, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. The refuse is converted on one hand, into dust-free smoke or flue gases and, on the other hand, into a practically fused mass of non-combustible matter. The invention obtains this result by a small technical-economical expenditure as far as construction and process are concerned. Without using grates or drums, the refuse is heated to a temperature level only required to effect decomposition. The refuse forms a thin surface reaction layer for the jacket 65 Zyfl \S ^ 1 III 'ri 1 h \| 1 i 1 1 I 1 ' I9d k\J-^ Mfc / '-^ Cllc t7c ? -Sc ,a3c _-;Zr— ^."^Z^-Ti^I^ , -J r ^-'___ _. __ fi? 5c ^ i r i i -' 27e \|\|£c for providing protection against loss ot heat as well as against destruction of the casing. 45 ------- Disposal US-0097 Jurisich, J. M. Means and method of positioning materials under the ground. U.S. 3,352,115; filed July 21, 1965; issued Nov. 14, 1967. This apparatus for burying waste material or garbage underground employs a screw spindle 220—. to compact the waste material in a hollow shaft and force it into underlying surrounding soft ground. A flotation means is employed in conjunction with the spindle and shaft to aid in transporting the device and forcing the waste material into the ground. A hollow open-ended shaft is positioned over soft ground and is driven downward into the ground. Waste material is then positioned in the shaft in an upward extending column and the column is compacted to force the waste material into soft ground surrounding the shaft. US-0098 Lee, A. L. (Consolidation Coal Company), System for treating and transporting waste material. U.S. 3,391,661; filed June 20, 1966; issued July 9, 1968. This waste disposal system eliminates the waste which comes from business, industrial, and residential areas. The combustible components of the refuse and sewage are separated from the noncombustible elements and then incinerated. The waste is collected by conventional methods and transported to one of a number of preparation stations. The collected material is shredded and any magnetic constituents present are separated P&EPARAT/O/V PLA/VT and removed. The remaining waste material is subjected to gravity separation where the noncombustible inorganic elements are separated from the combustible organic constituents. The combustible waste is mixed with water to form a slurry and the slurry is pumped to a disposal station. At the disposal station the slurry is dewatered and the waste is burned. Sewage may be 46 ------- combined with water and comminuted waste to form the pumpable slurry. DISPOSAL may convert substantial portions of the waste into fertilizing humus. A sieve screens the garbage and the portions which pass through it are suitable for storage in a silo, since it contains in the range of from 15 to 20 percent organic material. The remainder of the waste is roasted in the US-0099 Matteini, S. Plant for the treatment of trash. U.S. 3,393,651; filed Oct. 13, 1966; issued July 23, 1968. furnace, and the ash produced is mixed with the stored material to form the fertilizing humus. If the humus accumulates in excessive quantities, all of the waste may be sent to the furnace for total incineration. 26 This refuse treatment plant can dispose of municipal waste through incineration, or it US-0100 Fikse, H. Landfill refuse-burying method and apparatus. U.S. 3,446,026; filed Dec. 21, 1967; issued May 27, 1969. A hollow body of rectangular cross section fitting snugly in a trench has a refuse-receiving opening in its upper portion, a refuse-discharge opening in one end, opening horizontally and located a substantial distance below the refuse-receiving opening, and a closed end opposite the refuse-discharge opening. A ram in the lower portion of the body is expandable to force refuse from the body hollow through the refuse-discharge opening beneath a deep layer of dirt over the refuse-discharge opening. The force exerted to discharge refuse moves the body along the trench away from the refuse-discharge opening. The refuse-burying compactor can move along the trench and is able to raise itself or lower itself relative to the trench and steer itself from side to side. Pivoted tamping bars mounted on the rear end of the body can swing to tamp backfill dirt in the trench. This landfill method of ------- Disposal disposal is economical in operating expense and in the volume of trash and garbage which can be accomodated and provides a minimum period of exposure of the garbage to open air. US-0101 Bauer, W. J. Process for wet oxidation of combustible waste materials. U.S. 3,449,247; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued June 10, 1969. An apparatus and process are provided for the disposal of organic solids such as plant wastes, sewage sludge, combustible refuse, and other combustible materials in an economical manner by wet oxidation. Combustible waste is added to fluid sewage material. It flows downward in a shaft extending into the earth a sufficient distance to obtain the desired and fluid sewage material to form a mixture suitable for wet oxidation, maintaining the desired temperature condition for wet oxidation in the lower portion of the shaft. After the wet oxidation is carried out, the products are removed. US-0102 Smith, R. H. Deep sea refuse disposal. U.S. 3,456,824; filed Mar. 26, 1968; issued July 22, 1969. pressure for wet oxidation by the column of fluid in the shaft. Air is added to the refuse This apparatus is used to dispose of household refuse at sea. The method involves placing the refuse in a container, moving to a location at sea, rendering the container non-buoyant, lowering the container to a predetermined depth until the refuse has been rendered non-buoyant by water pressure, emptying the ------- container at the depth, and subsequently retrieving the container for reuse. US-0103 O'Neal, B. D, (Esso Research and Engineering Company), Disposal of waste spent shale. U.S. 3,459,003; filed Nov. 21, 1967; issued Aug. 5, 1969. .,,. ^f- - i ^-f-.--£~'\-:uj'-~{-A ------- Drying Systems The method consists of the following steps: feeding the refuse materials to an externally heated retort; heating the refuse materials to a temperature of between about 900 C and sludge and char mixture is used for the pyrolysis of the refuse. about 1,200 C for producing refuse gas; conducting the refuse gas through a heat exchanger where the gas is cooled and gives off heat in order to utilize the condensation heat of the water vapor contained in the refuse gas; and mixing the cooled refuse gas with a base gas. Prior to being cooled in the heat exchanger, the refuse gas is passed through a dry cleaning means such as a cyclone filter. After the heating step, ash and coke materials remaining in the retort are withdrawn, and while still hot are placed in a gas generator for subjecting to a further partial combustion. ,32 US-0106 Osterman, J. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.), Combination refuse and sewage disposal system. U.S. 3.A72.186; filed May 9, 1968; issued Oct. 14, 1969. Refuse is subjected to pyrolysis or decomposition by the action of heat in an agitated reaction chamber. The combustible volatiles that are driven off during this process can be used as a fuel, for example in a steam generator. The remaining solids from the process, in the form of char, can be conveyed to a sewage treatment plant and used as an adsorbent and filter aid in separating the solids from the effluent. After the solids, in the form of sludge, have been concentrated to a sufficiently high percentage, they are transferred to an incinerator and burned. If an auxiliary fuel is necessary to maintain ignition of the wet sewage sludge, a portion of the combustible volatiles driven off from the refuse can be used for this purpose. The heat released from the combustion of the sewage DRYING SYSTEMS US-0107 Parry, V. F. (United States of America repr. by the Secretary of the Interior), Method of drying solids in a fluidized bed. U.S. 2,666,269; filed Aug. 22, 1949; issued Jan. 19, 1954. A method is provided for the rapid continuous heating of crushed solid materials by direct heat exchange with hot gases of high velocity. Granular carbonaceous material is continuously fed into the heat transfer chamber where it is jetted with upward directed gases which have a temperature of 2,000 to 3,000 F. This causes virtually instantaneous heat transfer to the solids. The space velocity of the gases which is between five and fifteen feet per second puts the solids in a state of 60 ------- ebullient motion or fluidized state. The entrained treated solids flow to separators where they are separated from the hot gases. bottom. A swirl-Imparting means is located between these two entries. It has surfaces arranged to impart a centrifugal movement to the entering gases. A vertical baffle is located above the swirl-imparting means to retard centrifugal force. The particles are dried and settle into a dust separator. US-0109 Hauk, H., R. Streeck, H. Bayer, and L. Belik (Farbwerk Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft vormals Meister Lucius and Bruning) , Method of and apparatus for drying solid particles. U.S. 2,974,419; filed Mar. 19, 1957; issued Mar. 14, 1961. Drying solid particles is accomplished by bringing into contact gases and/or vapors with a layer consisting of solid particles. The US -0108 Morrison, R. L. (Silver Engineering Works, Inc.), Method and apparatus for drying treatment of solids in the fluidized or gas entrained state. U.S. 2,770,052; filed July 29, 1952; issued Nov. 13, 1956. A process is provided for the removal of surface or inherent moisture from materials in finely divided condition. Heated gases are introduced into the lower end of an upright drying column. Subdivided material is introduced into the column above the gases and/or vapors are introduced into the lower part of the layer composed of solid 51 ------- Drying Systems particles in a periodically interrupted stream. The flow of the stream between two successive interruptions is sufficient to swell up the layer of particles to the point of fluidization. The interruptions between two successive flows is sufficient to deflate the layer to the original height. Drying is accomplished by this procedure. US-0110 Mark, A. Pneumatic driers. U.S. 3,078,588; filed Feb. 16, 1959; issued Feb. 26, 1963. With this drying method the divided matter to be dried is suspended in and conveyed by a drying gas stream. This stream passes upward through a recycling chamber in such a manner as to cause the formation of recycling gas whirls. These whirls comprise an ascending axial path and descending peripheral paths which carry with them some of the particles of suspended material. The gas which leaves the upper portion of the chamber carries along the dried particles toward a separator. US-0111 Wasp, E. J. (Consolidation Coal Company), Two-stage flash drying system. U.S. 3,122,425; filed July 13, 1960; issued Feb. 25, 1964. A drying system controls the final moisture content of particulate material to be dried, and can be used for drying many different types of particulate matter, with gas as the drying medium. Heated g.ases generated within a furnace are conducted to two flash driers by heated gas conduits. Moist particulate matter is introduced into the first flash drier by a conveyor. The heated gases and matter are intimately mixed, and pass into the drying column. From the drying column, the mixture passes through a cyclone separator which separates solids from gases. The dried matter passes through an outlet and the gases are recycled for repeated use. The procedure is repeated for the second flash drier, except the exit gases pass through an electrostatic precipitator, The dried particulate matter from both flash driers are blended together and are ready to be used. US-0112 Coins, R. R. (Phillips Petroleum Company), Process and apparatus for drying wet particulate solids. U.S. 3,309,780; filed Jan. 10, 1966; issued Mar. 21, 1967. This invention provides a process and an apparatus for drying particulate solids which TO BAG fILTEfl COMBUSTION GAS effects a minimum of attrition and production of fines in the solids. The hot off-gas 62 ------- from a carbon blacV or other type reactor is utilized as the drying gas. Solutions to be dried are either introduced directly into the off-gas line and transported into a fluidized bed drying zone in the line, or off-gas is taken directly from the off-gas line and passed through a fluidized bed drier. The off-gas serves as a fluidizing and drying gas, with effluent gas from the drier being passed back into the off-gas line. The fines from the drier pass with the off-gas to a filter of some form. A combination dump cargo body is adapted for use upon long wheelbase trucks. An object of this device is to prevent overloading of the US 0113 Crawford, J. R. , and R. Hooker (Crawford and Russell, Inc.), Apparatus for drying particulate matter. U.S. 3,313,035; filed Mar. 14, 1966; issued Apr. 11, 1967. This invention provides a method and apparatus for the drying of particulate materials which may be moved by flowing fluids. The material is moved by a stream of air or gas through one or more heated tubes of relatively small diameter in proportion to its length. This is followed by further gas-agitation in one or more heated holding tanks or residence chambers. The velocity of the moving air stream should be high enough to create a great amount of turbulence in the particulate material being moved through the drying tube. Such turbulence causes the particulate matter to impinge upon the heated walls rapidly and frequently enough to cause heat transfer. This transfer is from the drying tube directly to the particles as well as to the air or gas moving through the tube. DUMPING AND LOADING Dumping Mechanisms US-0114 Biszantz, F. (The Gallon Metallic Vault Company), Dump body. U.S. 2,402,362; filed May 6, 1944; issued June 18, 1946. truck. The center of gravity is in a relatively low position which is sufficiently stable to prevent swaying, tipping, etc. The body itself consists of two parts. The first of these is a movable dump body part adapted to receive heavy loads such as sand and gravel. The other part is a stationary stake-type body. Here the truck frame cannot be overloaded with heavy material such as sand and gravel, because they will not be retained satisfactorily. A tiltable partition is provided between the two parts of the body that can be lowered, to permit the use of the entire floor of both parts of the body simultaneously for carrying long articles. US-0115 Neville, D. 0., and A. L. Plautz. Manure loader. U.S. 2,402,908; filed May 10, 1945; issued June 25, 1946. This manure loader is equipped with a carriage attached to a bucket in such a way that the bucket remains level with the ground at any height. Two longitudinal supporting arms 53 ------- Dumping and Loading are connected to the tractor frame at their rear ends. A cantilever mechanism comprises the vertically-disposed arms, which are rigidly secured to opposite ends of the bucket. This mechanism allows the bucket to remain level with the ground at any height. The bucket is tripped by exerting a pull on a cord or cable which causes the bucket to swing forward and dump its contents. The loader is operated by means of two hydraulic cylinders attached to opposite side of a tractor. They are operated by a hydraulic pump on the tractor. This loader can be used not only for manure, but works well with dirt and other materials. to transport the receptacle from place to place, and the other who arranges the cables on the receptacle just prior to dumping. US-0117 Klingebiel, A. T. Dumping body. U.S. 2,529,558; filed Jan. 19, 1948; issued Nov. 14, 1950. A dumping body carries materials and is automatic in its dumping action. No hoisting means is employed in the dumping operation; it is accomplished by the use of gravity. A body member is provided which US-0116 Johnson, S. W. (S. W. Johnson, and L. M. Gilbert), Dump receptacle. U.S. 2,421,701; filed June 23, 1945; issued June 3, 1947. A dump receptacle or box is provided with a set of cables which raise and lower it r jd- zo'~ it.-- V ff * ) ' "--i 1=3 A-,—^ -j y/^ji =^'?P/'« sv/V^'-^ >^f~'7" / f —~ ^\\ I , m^ and cooperate to dump the receptacle for discharging material. Two operators handle this receptacle, one who operates a crane can cause and cease longitudinal movement of the body. When the body is filled with material, each end of the end gate member is disengaged from its respective latch bar. The dumping body rolls backward on rollers on a track until it reaches a stop block. Due to the contained load and the force of the load travelling, the dumping body tilts downward. After the load has been dumped, the rear end of the body is raised manually and pushed forward to its original position. The end gate is then swung closed and locked shut. The body may be entirely removed from the fixed body by lifting the rear end of the dumping body 54 ------- to permit the stop block to clear the stop angle. After this, the removal may take place by backward longitudinal movement. US 0118 Oliver, P. M. (P. M. Oliver, P, E. Oliver, and W. 0. Matthews), Dump body for trucks. U.S. 2,542,425; filed Aug. 17, 1948; issued Feb. 20, 1951. This truck handles and/or lifts various types of detachable beds including a conventional dump truck bed to simplify material handling. The truck bed provided is self-loading; the truck can pick up and orient the desired truck bed into operable position. The dump bed handling mechanism moves out beyond the rear wheels and chassis of the truck to lift from the ground a bed and move it forward to rest it in an upright position on the truck chassis. The mechanism can be oriented to carry a conventional dump bed and can pivot about an axis near the rear of the truck chassis to raise the bed from a horizontal position to a vertical diimping position. The truck possesses independently-operated drive means for the horizontal and pivotal motions of the bed-handling mechanism, and for the vertical lift elevator of the bed-handling mechanism. fAj. 1 f« £?£ fe 75* £/ ££ ML//' ^ //—"bn ii1"' f—^-r/ 1 tiir .. v^rrsf^-f"-"-^ / - US 0119 Fontaine, R. A. Shiftable dump body for trucks. U.S. 2,552,627; filed April 9, 1947; issued May 15, 1951. This shiftable dump body for trucks is mounted for both horizontal movement and dumping movement. It has the means to shift the body and turn it to an angle of 90 to discharge the contents and return it to its original position. The operating mechanism includes a doub]e-acting telescoping screw jack, effective to move the body from one extreme position to the other and to restrain the body against shocks during such movement. The jack is operable from the power take off of a truck and possesses means for disengaging the power take off at predetermined limits. Rigid control of the entire shifting and dumping movement 55 ------- Dumping and Loading of the body is accomplished by providing a longitudinally shiftable hinge connection between the rear portion of the dump body and the truck frame and by the lo. screw jack mentioned earlier. The jack is pivotally connected to the forward portion of the dump body and the truck frame. By means of the jack, the body may be moved horizontally from its hauling, or starting, position until the center of gravity of the body passes beyond its line of support. The body then begins to turn about the end of the support, but is restrained from abrupt movement by action of the screw jack. Included in the hinge and pivotal connections are means to retain the body against side movement with respect to the truck frame. ZO US-0120 Henke, H. Dumping apparatus for vehicles. U.S. 2,553,454; filed June 28, 1946; issued May 15, 1951 . This dumping device is applicable as a unit beneath the body of a vehicle for converting the vehicle into a dump vehicle. The apparatus provides a frame on which there is a lifting mechanism. When a wagon is converted into a dump wagon, the frame and associated mechanism are adapted to be mounted as a unit on the cross ties of the running gear of the wagon. A self-contained hydraulic dumping apparatus is mountable between the body and running gear of the vehicle. This hydraulic body dumping unit for vehicles is light in weight, inexpensive, and easily operable. 56 ------- US 0121 Margala, C. E. Dump body tilting mechanism. U.S. 2,593,776; filed Mar. 21, 1950; issued Apr. 22, 1952. A lifting mechanism is employed for tilting a pivoted dump body of a truck. The motive power unit for this mechanism is pivoted near the pivot point of the dump body. A lever and a power unit for pulling the lever are utilized in the lifting mechanism. A hydraulic actuated lifting apparatus is provided so that the lever is actuated by this hydraulic device and is pulled into vertical or near-vertical position to impart lifting motion to the dump body. US-0122 Mclntyre, B. D., and W. D. Mclntyre (Monroe Auto Equipment Company), Dumping box and supporting structure therefor with means for receiving contents of said box. U.S. 2,596,908; filed Feb. 27, 1948; issued May 13, 1952. 1_ JS v^ In a combination dumping box and supporting structure, the dumping box is provided with an improved latching mechanism for the box bottom to keep it closed; a crane or lift truck can lift the device easily •s* for transport to another position. A supporting stand is adapted for both side and front delivery, on which a dumping box may be mounted adjacent to a machine or assembly-line to provide easy access to material within the box. US 0123 McCombs, M. W. Dumping apparatus for truck bodies and trailers. U.S. 2,630,928; filed August 7, 1950; issued March 10, 1953. This improved end gate for trucks and trailers is adapted to be moved longitudinally from the forward to the rear end of a vehicle to force the contents out through the rear end. A movable gate 57 ------- Dumping and Loading mechanism comprising a reinforced substantially rectangular framework, having upper and lower side members which extend toward the front and the rear, is responsible for this accomplishment. Each of the side frame members supports a plurality of rollers mounted on a vertical axis and also two or more rollers mounted on a horizontal axis which together insure that the end gate mechanism may be easily moved along the vehicle and that the gate will not be placed under undue tortional strain causing it to change position. A transverse shaft moves the tailgate longitudinally. This shaft is controlled by means of drums and pulleys. US-0124 Dahlman, E. D. Material handling and unloading device for vehicles. U.S. 2,668,629; filed Jan. 2, 1951; issued Feb. 9, 1954. >** 58 ------- This carrying and unloading device is adapted to be mounted upon the wheeled frame of a vehicle. The device comprises a box mounted on a vehicle into which the material is loaded. The box has a bottom formed of a series of transversely extending planks. An endless conveyor is mounted longitudinally on the box beneath and adjacent to the planks. This conveyor discharges the material from the box through an opening in the front. The planks are individually removable endwise so that they can be successively removed from the discharge end of the box as the material is discharged. US-0125 Zimmer, A. E. (Enterprise Railway Equipment Company), Dump door mechanism. U.S. 2,684,643; filed Jan. 19, 1950; issued July 27, 1954. This dump door mechanism has a bodily movable shaft. It can be adapted to be rotated from a position beyond the free edge of the door to a supporting position beneath the door. A novel terminal link connection is provided for each flexible connection which is adjustable in length to compensate for twisting of the shaft which normally occurs in operation. US-0126 Fewster, J. (Fewsters (Stocksfield) Limited), Tipping carrier for attachment to a tractor or similar vehicle. U.S. 2,898,148; filed July 16, 1954; issued Aug. 4, 1959. This invention provides a tipping carrier which can be readily attached to and detached from a tractor or similar vehicle. It includes a pair of pivoted draft links at the rear adapted to be raised and lowered by a hydraulic power unit and a coupling pin located above the draft links. The coupling pin and the rear ends of the draft links form a three-point attachment for implements. The frame of the tipping carrier supports a receptacle which has a rolling action about a ttansverse axis and is capable of tilting backward to discharge its contents. Due to attachment of pins tr 59 ------- Dumping and Loading to the draft links of the tractor, the carrier can be moved from a detached position at rest on the ground to a transportable position where it is wholly supported by the tractor. Normally the tipping receptacle is retained in a horizontal position by catches which can be released at will and springs which are provided to assist in returning the receptacle to its horizontal position. US-0127 Talbert, A. G. (Talbert Construction Equipment Company), Spring locking mechanism for dump vehicles. U.S. 2,997,342; filed May 13, 1958; issued Aug. 22, 1961. nnnnn This invention provides a mechanism which substantially lessens the tendency of dump vehicles to overturn when the body is raised during a dumping operation. The mechanism locks out the spring mounting of the frame on the wheel-and-axle assembly during tilting of the body. This shifts the fulcrums for lateral tilting of the body from the sides of the relatively narrow frame outward to the outer edges of the more widely spaced dual wheels. This provides a more stable support for the body when it is tilted in a rear direction because it results in a somewhat wider supporting base for the: raised body. US-0128 MacKinney, H. B., F. H. Tack, and K. R. Tack (John Tack and Sons), Dump truck with a perpendicularly tiltable dump body. U.S. 2,997,343; filed Feb. 24, 1956; issued Aug. 22, 1961. A device supports and tilts a dump body about a vehicle chassis through an angle of substantially 90 degrees to facilitate loading and unloading of the vehicle body. A novel feature of this device is the provision of a power-actuated body tilting mechanism which may be interchangeably mounted upon a standard motor vehicle chassis. On the tilting body, there is a sub-support compensating for inequalities in the ground surface at the bearing of the vehicle wheels at the point of discharge of the load within the body. The tilting and righting of the body is affected by reciprocal movement of a trolley by means of cables fastened about sheaves. There are two cables operating, designated as the crowd lead cable and the hoist lead cable. The former controls movement of the body from horizontal to dump position and 60 ------- the latter controls return of the body. One member, pivotally mounted upon the body A trunnion members, acts in combination with yokes to allow free operation of the dump body. •••it US-0129 Wood, L. S. Hydraulic stabilizers for tilting truck or trailer dump units. U.S. 2,999,721; filed May 5, 1958; issued Sept. 12, 1961. An aim of this invention is to incorporate in a dump truck or dump trailer, equipped with a conventionally pivoted dump body, a means for locking the chassis in an angular position. It assumes such a position in __ 7/^^^.k^\L!_L/4 I l"i. 'i VJM. id.5^.y " • -•* _j-w .H..IIUU 7 ' I , .^. 61 ------- Dumping and Loading respect to the angle of the rear axle at initial pivoting of the dump body. This device also lessens the likelihood of excessive lateral tilting or listing of the rear portion of the dump truck or dump trailer during dumping. This is the accomplished by hydraulicallyoperated interlock means at the tear axle and the chassis, which engage automatically, responsive to the actuation of hydraulic pistons conventionally employed to tilt a pivoted dump body. /£-/ J7- US-0130 Walstrom, S. R., and V. V. Nash (Baffin Corporation), Portable dump apparatus. U.S. 3,083,058; filed May 21, 1958; issued Mar. 26, 1963. Dump boxes of the mobile variety are movable between a relatively low material-receiving position and a relatively high dumping position. This portable dump box includes a unique mobile mounting means and elevating mechanism in which an open-topped box element is moved from a material- receiving position at a low elevation to a laterally-displaced dumping position at a relatively high elevation. The lateral displacement permits the mobile mounting means to be laterally spaced a substantial distance from the delivery point of material discharged from the box element. The dump box is adapted to be coupled to a pulling vehicle such as a conventional harvesting machine. A navel feature of 45 x" S9 44 62 ------- the dump box is its ability to move between a material-receiving position underlying the discharge end of a conveyor means, and a delivery position spaced from the receiving position. In this way, the dump box will clear the conveyor means when the dump box is raised to its dumping position. In operation, a base member, carriage, and dump box element are raised to the upper limit of movement of the carriage. The dump box then tilts about its axis of tilting movement to a dumping position at a level about the upper end of the guide means and carriage. The invention possesses a mechanism for locking the carriage in its raised position and releasing it toward its material-receiving position. US 0131 Biszantz, F. (Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.), Automatic tilting dump truck stabilizer. U.S. 3,083,059; filed Nov. 13, 1958; issued Mar. 26, 1963. Dump trucks of the tiltable body type are fitted with tandem rear axles. These axles are located one in advance of the other for easier hauling and dumping of extremely heavy loads. Providing a means to shift the center of support of a loaded tandem axle truck body to the rear with respect to the tandem axles, and to stabilize the body with relation to the supporting wheels and the ground, is the aim of this device. This is accomplished by an automatic means for stabilizing the truck frame and preventing or lessening the liability of overturning while dumping a load. The stabilizing mechanism is located at each side of the truck frame. Each of these mechanisms includes a member having a wedge element that is automatically inserted between the rear axle housing and a coacting part of the vehicle frame. This contributes a rigid support during a load-dumping movement. The mechanism is withdrawn from its supporting position to permit relative vertical movements of the frame and axle when the dumping operation has been completed. US 0132 Anderson, D. A. (American Motors Corporation), Dump hopper. U.S. 3,225,947; filed Nov. 29, 1963; issued Dec. 28, 1965. A hopper has a container-carrying dumping saddle which is self-actuated by the weight of a load within the container and is provided with novel latching means for loading and unloading. After unloading, the hopper automatically returns to its loading position. The saddle and container assembly are rotatable in excess of 120 degrees to effect complete unloading. US 0133 Weber, J. (Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft), Apparatus for dumping dust and/or granular materials from collecting hoppers. U.S. 3,268,124; filed Mar. 31, 1965; issued Aug. 23, 1966. This device for dumping dust from collecting hoppers envisions a trap door closure which 63 ------- Dumping and Loading assures a tight seal. The hoppers used collect dust from a separating apparatus means on the hopper must therefore protect against loss of temperature and the entrance of outside air into the hopper and filter. which operates at less than atmospheric pressure and/or a high temperature (i.e., an electrostatic gas filter). The closure US-0134 Goodman, J. P. Load discharging device. U.S. 3,320,000; filed June 14, 1965; issued May 16, 1967. This load-discharging device is adapted to transport and discharge dry flowable material at an elevated level, in addition to liquids. The container comprises an elongated tank mounted on a wheeled carriage, divided into two compartments separated by a partition. A manhole with a hinged cover is located above each compartment and either one or both compartments are filled with flowable material through the manhole covers. The vehicle is towed to the desired location and positioned adjacent to a spreader vehicle. One end of tie tank is disconnected from the frame by means of a lever and the wheel assemblies are drawn toward each other by a winch. This causes the support members to buckle up and elevate 61 64 ------- the unlatched end of the tank, which in turn discharges its contents through a duct diagonally connected from the bottom of the compartment to the top of the other compartment. The tank is lowered, the other end released, and the process repeated. Selective unloading of each compartment is thus accomplished. .33 -33 US-0135 Rapp, L. J. (Tek-0-Motive, Inc.) Vehicle box unloader. U.S. 3,343,876; filed Aug. 27, 1965; issued Sept. 26, 1967. This vehicle box-unloading assembly insures complete removal of materials from the box during unloading, and requires no manual unloading assistance, thus enabling the vehicle operator to remain at the vehicle controls. It frees materials which may stick to the box surface or in corners. This is accomplished by means of a vibrating device mounted within the cavity of the closed housing of the truck. The device works in conjunction with an unbalanced weight secured to a shaft rotatably supported in the housing. It is this weight which develops radial inertia forces which sets the vibrating device into operation. Loading Mechanisms US-0136 Shoemaker, R. C. (Willamette Hyster Company), Vehicle loader. U.S. 2,388,015; filed Feb. 4, 1944; issued Oct. 30, 1945. A loader is arranged to operate at the rear end of a truck to pick up a load behind the truck and transfer it to the body of the truck. This may be accomplished in numerous positions behind the truck located in the transverse direction of the vehicle. Two buckets are mounted for transverse movement along the framework of the body. The buckets are provided with two pairs of rollers arranged to roll along the two lowermost tubular members. The rear ends of the buckets are open so that loads may be collected within them by movement of the truck in a rear direction. A pair of drums are €5 ------- Dumping and Loading associated with the rear wheels of the vehicle and are arranged to remain stationary when the truck is in reverse and when the with the dump-body to raise itself when the front of the dump-body is elevated. Located between the frame members is a bucket buckets are on the ground. A cable is connected to both drums, and freely to the boom to which the buckets are joined. This cable may elevate or lower the boom just as the cable connected to both drums and to the buckets is adapted to draw the buckets together. US-0137 Hunter, H. G. Loading and dumping device. U.S. 2,401,159; filed Feb. 8, 1945; issued May 28, 1946. A device for the removal of snow, gravel, and other materials, provides a simple attachment to a motor truck or similar vehicle which has a dump body. The device is pivoted on the chassis of the vehicle. The frame-device is turned in unison which is open at its front and has upstanding rear and side walls. This bucket, open at the front end, may be released from the frame-device. It is turnable relative to the frame-members only in the direction in which the free end is lowered. In this manner, the substance being collected can be attached at or above its bottom. To dump the material from the bucket, the holding latches are released. US-0138 Markel, J. M. (J. I. Csse Company), Manure loader. U.S. 2,402,064; filed Feb. 6, 1945; issued Jure 11, 1946. 66 ------- This manure loader has means for maintaining the loading fork in a load-retaining position. A fork-supporting boom is pivotally mounted on a farm tractor. A windlass or winch transmission raises and lowers the boom by power supplied from the tractor power take-off. In loading, the boom is brought into position for insertion into the pile of material and the tractor driven forward. When the fork has been inserted into the pile the desired distance, a clutch lever is operated to raise the boom to the desired height. The tractor is then driven to a location for unloading. A foot pedal is depressed to release latch members and allow the fork to move downward by gravity, causing the load to fall into the desired container. US-0139 Sedore, E. C. Manure loader. U.S. 2,427,575; filed July 13, 1945; issued Sept. 16, 1947. manure on the fork away from the pile. The operator elevates the fork by engaging the hydraulic lilting mechanism. To dump the load, the operator pulls a latch to let the fork swing downward on its fulcrum dumping the material in the desired location. US-0140 Moudy, R. T. (R. T. Moudy, and McEngleyan Heat Treating and Manufacturing Company), Material loader. U.S. 2,429,890; filed July 9, 1945; issued Oct. 28, 1947. This material loader may be attached to farm tractors for moving materials such as manure. A frame is pivotally attached beneath the rear axle of a tractor. A bucket is attached at the forward end of the frame, being forward and above the center of gravity of the bucket. In loading, the front of the frame is lowered by releasing a brake and permitting the bucket to drop to the ground. The bucket is held 1 to 4 in. above the ground and the tractor driven forward. When the bucket has been thrust forward as far as possible, a clutch is engaged and a winding cable raises the bucket. When the bucket is raised to the desired height, the tractor is driven to a location for unloading. The operator pulls a trip rope which releases the trip, and the weight of the material in the bucket causes it to tilt forward and empty itself. This manure loader is adapted to be mounted on the rear of a farm tractor. The fork-type loader is mounted by means of long support arms to the tractor's hydraulic mechanism for raising and lowering plows. In operation, the fork prongs are driven into the manure pile by the reverse movement of the tractor. The implement is pulled away from the pile and the resistance presented by the manure causes the fork to automatically swing to the rear and up. This tilting action pulls the US-0141 Westall, T. E. (Marion Machine Company), Overhead loader for vehicles. U.S. 2,560,674; filed Dec. 19, 1947; issued July 17, 1951. A mounting pivotally supports the booms of an overhead loader. The mounting is pivotally secured to the r«ar axle of a tractor and projects forward between the ------- Dumping and Loading mid-portion of the tractor and an intermediate portion to which the booms are pivotally connected. No shock is incurred t** uu T 'us°-, C^"- * during the lifting operation because of compression springs supported by a member secured to the tractor frame. The mechanism is adapted to do excavation work and load the material as it excavates it. US-0142 Nelson, N. A. (Harry Ferguson, Inc.), Bucket attachment for tractor-mounted forks. U.S. 2,577,977; filed July 3, 1948; issued Dec. 11, 1951. An improved bucket attachment can be used with a tractor fork. Specifically, it provides for an inexpensive and simply constructed bucket attachment which makes use of the fork tine ends as score points for scooping up a load, The bucket, comprised of two side plates aad a bottom plate, is flatly supported on the tines with flange devices. No modification of the fork is necessary to accommodate the bucket. 3— a/ -75 »— 78 r%/'- 70 "i/ f ------- US-0144 Stueland, H. M. (Deere and Company) , Tractor-mounted loader. U.S. 2,679,943; filed March 29, 1951; issued June 1, 1954. This tractor-mounted loader handles manure, dirt, gravel, and other materials. The invention employs a novel system of selecting effective pivots for mounting the boom on the supporting frame. The moment arm, therefore, is more powerful during the initial stages of the operation than in later stages. Specifically, this result is achieved by the use of a support having a pair of curved slots or equivalent guide means. One end of the boom structure is arranged to operate in these slots and has a pair of pivot members for that purpose. The slots He on arcs about their respective pivots at the lower portion of upswinging movement on the boom, the boom is carried by one pivot which sits at one end of one slot while the other pivot travels through the other slot until it approaches a seating relationship. After this, the second pivot sits in its slot. The general result is a relatively powerful and slow initial movement, with a subsequently less powerful, but relatively faster movement in the upper portion of the raising boom. The selectively effective double pivotal mounting of the boom structure on the frame provides a simple arrangement in which ample power is always available during all digging and loading operations. SSI. US-0145 Narvestad, E., and E. Jensen CE. Jensen), Loading apparatus for use on vehicles. U.S. 2,680,529; filed Aug. 31, 1951; issued June 8, 1954. This loading apparatus is used on trucks and similar transport vehicles in which the load receiving means to be raised up to the required level with the body and lowered to the ground affords conveniently located load-receiving parts. These parts are employed for pushing or rolling loads and for insuring safe retention of the load during raising and lowering operations. The apparatus is especially suitable for loads such as oil drums. An improved form of remote control-operated frame articulated to the vehicle body is employed. It is i6b 69 ------- Dumping and Loading located beneath the load-receiving part of the body and carries a load-receiving support, movable by upward and downward swinging of the frame relative to the vehicle body. The apparatus is collapsible beneath the vehicle body when out of use. When extended for utilization, it is maintained by a driver and operates to automatically introduce a safety stop to prevent goods from rolling from the vehicle. US-0146 Walter, M. Load lifting and carrying device for motor vehicles. U.S. 2,687,223; filed April 18, 1950; issued Aug. 24, 1954. carrying. The parts are so related that the crane may be displaced to reach over the rear of the truck and then lift and advance the load to a position ahead of the rear axle in proper position for hauling. The crane structure lifts the load from the ground and by continued movement of the structure, displaces the load to a hauling position on the vehicle. By imparting a lifting force to the rear end of the truck, the crane structure can also be utilized to assist the vehicle on soft ground conditions. The extent of the forward and backward movement of the crane, hook, or end may be considered closely to approach double the attainable height of the lift. When the load is shifted forward, the weight of the load is hung or carried on the vehicle ahead of the rear axle so that the load weight may be divided between the front and rear tires. This permits tiavelling at relatively high rates of speed over rough and uneven ground. Double-acting hydraulic rams are employed to pivot the crane frame. McNeice, J. C. (Massey-Harris-Ferguson (Sales) Limited) , Front, end loader attachment. U.S. 2,77S>,491; filed Oct. 12, 1953; issued Jan. 29, 1957. A front end loader of this type is hydraulically activated from a tractor's hydraulic pressure system to elevate a scoop, A simple power crane structure is adapted for use on a truck for load-lifting and bucket, or other material handling device. This invention employs a pair of booms or supports to lift the bucket powered by a single hydraulic ram, instead of individual rams for each boom. The ram has a relatively short working stroke for considerable elevating power. Booms are powered to rack and elevate the bucket device after loading material into it. 70 ------- US-0118 Haines, D. R., and W. H. Bent (Massey- Harris-Ferguson (Sales) Limited), Load lifting implement for attachment to tractors. U.S. 2,791,340; filed May 11, 1953; issued May 7, 1957. A load-lifting implement, such as a sweep or buck rake, can be attached to tractor rear ends, the rear end lifting device may be thrust beneath a load, raised, then tilted to discharge the load. A latching mechanism is provided with releasable means to hold the load-supporting element in a carrying position. After release, it will be automatically relatched when the element is lowered to receive a new load. US-0149 Gowan, W. E. Lifting clamp. U.S. 3,008,749; filed April 2, 1958; issued Nov. 14, 1961. A clamping device is used to grip and lift heavy metal sheets, plates, and IS bars. For its size and weight, the lifting clamp has extraordinary gripping and lifting power. The gripping means are comprised of coacting, toothed rollers which are supported directly by the clamp body instead of through links and pivot members. Novel linkage means interconnect the grip rollers, enabling them to be moved in unison in and out of engagement with a load object. The gripping members' toothed surfaces are in meshing, rolling contact with rack members. The clamp may be manufactured at a reasonable cost. US-0150 Klaviter, R. A., and R. D. Williams (International Harvester Company), Hydraulic self-leveling device for a front-mounted bucket-type material loader. U.S. 3,297,183; filed July 21, 1965; issued Jan. 10, 1967. This device maintains the loading bucket of a material loader in a stable position relative to the boom, as both bucket and boom are raised and lowered to and from the ground. A dual hydraulic system is utilized to operate the implement, including a slave cylinder to automatically maintain the bucket in a specific position as it is raised and lowered. US-0151 McAdams, P. F. (Clark Equipment Company), Adjustable speed material handling device. U.S. 3,308,976; filed Dec. 24, 1964; issued Mar. 14, 1967. Piston and cylinder-type hydraulic motors are provided with interchangeable speed control means for use with tractor shovels. On conventionally-designed devices, a double-acting piston and cylinder type motor is used which provides greater power from 71 ------- Dumping and Loading the carrying to loading position than vice versa. This invention develops a double-acting fluid motor which has a retracting force greater than its extending force. US-0152 Kretz, V. C. (Nelson Equipment Company), Vehicle with bucket. U.S. 3,348,715; filed Mar. 28, 1966; issued Oct. 24, 1967. A vehicle is provided with load-lifting forks at one end which support a bucket so that the vehicle operates as a front end bucket loader. The scoop bucket assembly is mounted through transversely aligned pivoted stirrups on the underside of a floor plate in the bucket assembly. The bucket assembly includes a bucket pivotable to an upright position for dumping purposes by actuating operating rods located on the sides of the bucket at points laterally offset from the pivot axis for the stirrups. The device therefore provides a novel means including a detachable bucket for converting a vehicle with lifting forks into a front end bucket loader. The vehicle is capable of lifting and transporting articles, and of scooping up and carrying loose material. Vehicles US-0153 Nilles, P. C. Dumping vehicle. U.S. 2,367,425; filed July 26, 1940; Issued Jan. 16, 1945. This dump truck dumps the contents of its hopper by sidewise rocking or rolling movement to predetermined dumping positions and then returns back to a central loading position. The vehicle has a chassis constructed to accord a maximum of strength and be capable of withstanding normal rough treatment. It can also take the comparatively violent stresses and 72 ------- tortional strains received during usage. A vehicle frame includes spaced side bars, formed lengths of inwardly-facing channel metal, and Z-shaped bars carried in a fixed position within their channel portions. The horizontal portions of the Z-shaped bars are located intermediately of the channel portions, and the cross bars are connected at their opposite ends to the side bars. US-0154 Woojdridge, M. (American Xractor Equipment Corporation), Vehicle mounted loader. U.S. 2,426,544; filed July 16, 1945; issued Aug. 26, 1947. A loader is constructed so that the tool is maintained in substantially the same relative horizontal position in all positions of lift. The loader's bucket can be readily interchanged with a bulldozer blade, a lift-fork, or other load-handling tool. The lift occurs by means of a frame including beams arranged in a parallelogram system. This enables the tool to be maintained level in all positions of lift. The lift frame is movable about a pivot, all weight factors about the pivot being counterbalanced. As a result, the only power application required during lift is that utilized to raise the actual load present on the tool. Hydraulic cylinders move the arm structures about the pivot support. US-0155 Coats, G. E. Dump vehicle. U.S. 2,444,808; filed Oct. 11, 1946; issued July 6, 1948. This dump vehicle has mechanical hoist means to tilt a dump frame supported on a vehicle chassis. The hoist may be collapsed to the top level of the wagon when in transport and is operated from the rear power take-off of a tractor. Hoist means include a collapsible upright frame at the front of a wagon chassis and a winding drum below the frame which utilizes cables in operation. This device is especially adaptable in corn harvesting operations, although it is used in other areas, too. US-0156 Snead, E. B. Dumping vehicle. U.S. 2,454,101; filed Mar. 18, 1946; issued Nov. 16, 1948. This dumping vehicle may carry numerous batches of material and be arranged so that one or more of the batches may be discharged from the rear of the vehicle at a time. The vehicle may be driven along a route with one or more batches dumped at selected points, resulting in a saving of trips. It possesses progressively movable transverse division members or partitions which are mechanically propelled lengthwise to the vehicle body. They are controlled by fluid hand-operated means. Faculties exist to automatically stop the operating means after each batch is dumped. Partitions are returned to their loading position after the last batch of material has been dumped. US0157 Jones, H. W. (Dempster Brothers, Inc.), Material transporting and dumping equipment. U.S. 2,606,675; filed Oct. 11, 1950; issued Apr. 12, 1952. This truck handles as a unit a number of relatively small and/or light loads. Within 73 ------- Dumping and Loading a large transporting and dumping container are a number of smaller containers. Contents of each of the small receptacles are dumped of the bed, and supporting rails. The rails are carried between the elongate members and support shlf table elements. An operating mechanism derives power from the power mechanism of the vehicle. vhen the large container is moved to dumping position. The smaller receptacles are movable into and removable from the container through an open front end. Retaining means hold the receptacles in dumping position. Though not restricted, this truck is particularly adapted for use with Dempster Dumpsters or other containers of like design. US 0159 Kling, R. W. (Athey Products Corporation), Side dump trailer. U.S. 2,686,079; filed Mar. 13, 1951; issued Aug. 10, 1954. US-0158 Roesies, R. R. Cargo handling apparatus for vehicles. U.S. 2,679,941; filed April 16, 1951; issued June 1, 1954. This trailer includes a body hingedly mounted on a chassis for swinging movement to the side of the chassis to result in dumping of the load from the body. Features of this trailer are: the provision of lateral balance means for both hauling and dumping; large load-carrying capacity; and the ability to select the side toward which dumping ,55 15 This cargo handling mechanism handles quantities of cargo with a minimum of manual labor. A platform construction exists whereby cargo deposited on the platform in the rear of the vehicle is operated forward in the vehicle to a final point of deposit. This is accomplished without manual handling, The invention is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and is generally applicable to conventional motor vehicles or trucks. A bed is mounted on the frame of the truck. The bed extends lengthwise of the truck and overlies the rear wheels. The body has elongate members spaced apart on the length 74 ------- occurs. The trailer body has bottom, side, and end walls in fixed relation to one another. The side and end walls flare out toward the top to afford relief for material being dumped. One of the side walls has a wider angle of slope with reference to the bottom than the other in order to provide large load-carrying capacity without spilling. A discharge slope for dumping without the necessity of the body becoming unstable relative to the chassis, also results from this wall with a wider angle of slope. The body is constructed symmetrically relative to a lateral plane in order to be reversible upon the chassis for dumping to either side. A hydraulic hoist is responsible for tilting the load-carrying body to the side. Resilient compression elements are utilized for checking the final stages of movement of the body toward its ultimate dumping position. This makes it necessary for the hoist to exert lifting force against the body to the end of the dumping movement. US-0160 Martin, T. J. Load handling and dumping mechanism. U.S. 2,689,054; filed Feb. 11, 1953; issued Sept. 14, 1954. This mechanism lifts, transports, and dumps bulk material. It may be adapted for use in connection with a conventional fork lift truck for handling a tote box, adapted to contain any bulk material. The novel, swinging tote box can be employed with most conventional fork-lift trucks. A pivotal mounting and suspension mechanism allows the carrying and discharging of the box or similar receptacle. The forward edge of the box is carried on the tines of the fork-lift truck, and the back edge of the box is supported by a releasable latch. US 0161 Haughton, E. (The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of Liverpool, England), Load carrying tipping vehicles. U.S. 2,845,300; filed Sept. 21, 1954; issued July 29, 1958. JOb3t X-\ This load-carrying tipping vehicle has a low platform, but does not necessitate the use of small wheels. There is no unsatisfactory discharge of the contents of the vehicle upon tipping of the body. The vehicle has a body which tilts toward the rear and has openings in its floor in the region of the rear wheels. Through these openings, the wheels can project when the body is in its normal position. Wheel arches, hinged to the rear of the body floor, fit in and f—XV \~XV close the openings when the body is tilted. At this time, the arches are retracted in a downward direction. This occurs due to the crown portions of each of the wheel arches. In normal position, the crown 75 ------- Dumping and Loading portions incline upward and forward relative to the floor and meet forward curved crown portions which extend downward and forward close to the margin of an opening in the floor during the tipping operation. The rear crown portion lies close to the floor and the curved crown portion remains close to the forward margin of its opening in the floor. This reduces obstruction of the wheel arch to the discharge of the contents of the vehicle. US-0162 Humes, C. E. Truck ass, ibly. U.S. 3,181,914; filed Mar. 5, 1963; issued May 4, 1964. This dump truck can be easily modified for increasing the legal limit of the weight of a load that can be transported by the truck. This is done in order to comply with the laws of certain localities that compute the legal limit on a bridge formula basis. At the same time, the truck has a relatively large legal weight carrying limit and also is practical to dump. The dump truck comprises a dump body, a main frame for supporting the body, and a means for discharging contents at the rear of the truck. It also includes a subframe for supporting the rear load carrying wheels of the truck, and means for adjusting the subframe relative to the main frame in a longitudinal or axial direction for changing the distance from the rear wheels to the front end of the main frame. This sliding subframe which supports the axles which carry the rear wheels of the semi-trailer is responsible for the extensible chrssis. US 0163 Eaton, L. E. (LeTourneau-Westinghouse Company), Dump truck. U.S. 3,290,093; filed Oct. 13, 1964; issued Dec. 6, 1966. Dump trucks are fitted with means for heating the dump body. Engine exhaust gases, entirely continuous and substantially reducing the possibility of fouling the engine air cleaners, are utilized for heating. Heat loss to the atmosphere is minimized, and a multiple of dumping cycles can be withstood without failure. Whenever the engine is functioning, the hot exhaust gases are forced through the exhaust line, flexible piping, a joint, an elbow, and into the truck body. This causes the heatir.6 action. The invention has a prolonged life because no flexible tubing (which must undergo severe bending stress during a dump cycle) is employed. US-0164 Barry, L. D. Transfer device. U.S. 3,297,182; filed Jan. 4, 1965; issued Jan. 10, 1967. This container transfer device is suited for mounting on a vehicle for transferring containers to and from the vehicle horizontally. The device can automatically engage and disengage the load and is easy to align with the load without manually guiding or hooking hooks. The invention is comprised of a crane or derrick having a telescoping and lifting jib for mounting on a vehicle, to transfer containers to and from the vehicle. The jib extends from within 76 ------- the vehicle area horizontally out and down to engage the load and up and in to transfer the load onto the vehicle. The load can be easily aligned automatically with most swinging and sway eliminated. A double jib is provided for engaging opposite sides or ends of the container for greater rigidity in handling containers, and a carrier rides the jibs. The double jib also straddles the container to reduce the overall height, and further extends to place numerous containers on the vehicle. US-0165 Smith, D. P. Mobile storage and dispensing device. U.S. 3,304,122; filed May 10, 1965; issued Feb. 14, 1967. This mobile storage and dispensing device is used to service distributing equipment a. •SO for bulk material. Two hoppers are placed on a flat-bed truck or another suitable device and filled with flowable, bulk material at a loading site. After reaching the distributing site, locking pins are withdrawn from one of the hoppers and the hopper is hydraulically elevated. A discharging chute connected to the bottom of the hopper is swung over the desired receiving container. A lever opens the hopper bottom and allows the material to descend through the chute by gravity. After the first hopper is emptied, it is lowered and secured. The other hopper is elevated, and the procedure is repeated. This device can service fertilizer spreaders, seed planters, and other distributing equipment which have hoppers or relatively low capacity. US-0166 Flowers, F. F. Laterally tiltable dump vehicle. U.S. 3,316,019; filed Mar. 29, 1965; issued Apr. 25, 1967. This laterally tilted dump vehicle is adapted for use on roads and open terrain as well as for rail transportation. The vehicle sides are pivoted at the bottom and can be selectively down-turned or tilted, so that the load is discharged beside the roadway. There exists a provision for rigid support of the fixed ends of the vehicle and simplified hoisting means at each end of the vehicle capable of tilting the vehicle body in either side direction. Located at the opposite ends of the side discharge dump vehicle are simple, single-stroke hoisting cyclinders. The operation of the hoist is improved by providing means on the rigid ends of the body so that the hoisting force is transmitted uniformly through the ends of the body to support side sills. The vehicle can be constructed of stock material of relatively light weight due to the type of reinforcement. US-0167 Williams, M. A., and J. D. Williams. Material handling truck. U.S. 3,326,395; filed Aug. 6, 1965; issued June 20, 1967. This truck is a self-loading vehicle employed to remove manure from a chicken house where cages are suspended overhead. The material-handling vehicle has a low-slung load box of large capacity, making it possible to pick up a full load from the floor. An adjustable pick-up blade and gates are incorporated into the load box structure, which cooperate to form a 77 ------- Dumping and Loading material-collecting scoop, allowing the vehicle to be driven right into the material to be picked up. A single operator maneuvers the truck. US-0168 Vinyard, H. 0. Refuse gathering machine. U.S. 3,348,652; filed Apr. 22, 1966; issued Oct. 24, 1967. A mobile machine is constructed for picking up refuse, such as manure, regardless of moisture content, from the ground or other surfaces, and depositing the gathered material into a receiver. The machine is mounted on a receiver vehicle pulled by a tractor. It is powered by the power take-off shaft of the tractor. The tractor's hydraulically-operated drawbar is utilized to lower the machine to ground level and to elevate the machine to a non-pickup level. This machine is mechanically reliable, simple and inexpensive in construction, composed of a relatively small number of easily assembled parts, and requires the attention and services of but one man for a complete refuse-gathering operation. The machine itself comprises an open bottom horizontal housing which leads to a central portion of the interior by means of a directed inclined chute. The upper and lower walls of the chute penetrate within the housing in curved lower portions, while the sidewalls of the chute terminate at the housing without entrance. Conveyor screw portions serve to move refuse at appropriate times toward the center of a conveyor shaft extending the length of the housing. A thrower rotor then tosses material up through the chute to a receiver. US-0169 Buck, W. L. Chaff trailer. U.S. 3,351,384; filed Aug. 9, 1965; issued Nov. 7, 1967. This agricultural implement receives chaff from another device and deposits the chaff in piles on the ground. Chaff from combines and the like may have value as a food product so it may be desirable to transport it to a storage facility. The chaff trailer here has a wheeled box wherein the floor is tillable toward the re.ir for discharge purposes. This floor is so connected to the rear end gate that after discharge, the gate will be of greater weight than the floor and will return to the closed position to raise the floor to a level position. US-0170 Zink, E. F. (Joy Manufacturing Company), Self-loading vehicle. U.S. 3,353,693; filed Nov. 17, 1966; issued Nov. 21, 1967. A mobile self-loading vehicle of the forward- crowding loading type possesses a vertically swinging load support which includes a front-loading shovel that discharges into a material-receiving body that is carried by a vehicle and has a bottom door that 78 ------- opens to dump. This vehicle comprises a material-receiving body and a shovel pivotably mounted to the body for loading. It possesses a closure for a dump opening through the bottom of the body which incorporates a first plate member slidably supported adjacent the opening and a second plate member adjacent the rear end of the first plate member. This second member is supported to move in a generally bow-like path to move the first plate member to open the dump opening at an appropriate time. US-0171 Dorey, G. B. (Continental Transport Appliances Limited), Selective pneumatic and gravity unloading hopper car. U.S. 3,373,884; filed Feb. 17, 1966; issued Mar. 19, 1968. In this selective pneumatic and gravity unloading hopper car, the inverted truncate-shaped hopper is mounted on wheels traveling on rails and has a discharge opening which is closed by a sliding gate. In operation, the loaded car is transported to an unloading site. The sliding gate is opened and the material falls into a chute receptacle. The material then flows toward the opening and extends in the chute forming a heap extending throughout the length of the opening with the exit end of the chute connected with a source of reduced pressure and the establishment of a state of vacuum in the chute, a stream of air from the far inlet of the chute passes over the heap and draws it through the chute. The operator stops the operation by closing the air inlet valve. The car is left in a clean condition ready for reloading. EXCAVATING US-0172 Robin, P. T. Automatic grab bucket. U.S. 2,377,184; filed Aug. 25, 1944; issued May 29, 1945. A grab bucket operated by means of opening and closing cables suspended from a crane, has the ability to penetrate, gather, and discharge more material in a given amount of time than currently possible with buckets of comparable size and weight. A low power ratio is used during the first half of the stroke, with a high power ratio to complete the stroke, since greater resistance occurs then. Such an 79 ------- Excavating operation would cut the time required to perform each stroke, thereby effecting a greater collection of material in time allotted. Another advantage lies in the use of a 21 rigid, one-piece head frame, with pivotal connections on the bucket bowls permanently fixed at a set distance from each other. Thus the closing elements are able to overcome resistance of the material between the jaws with minimal effort during the last half of the stroke. In this type of one-piece construction, maintenance is reasonably trouble-free. US-0173 Maxwell, W. A. Combination bulldozer and shovel. U.S. 2,387,764; filed Sept. 15, 1944; issued Oct. 30, 1945. A shovel assembly is mounted upon a bulldozer in order to combine the two lifting and earth-moving functions. The shovel assembly is mounted upon the turntable assembly of the bulldozer. A boom is supported on the turntable to which a shovel arm is pivotally supported, operated by both motor and level means in its lifting operations. US-0174 Porch, E. A. Bulldozer. U.S. 2,417,520; filed Nov. 3, 1945; issued Mar. 18, 1947. An attachment to convert tractors into earth-moving machines, such as bulldozers or graders, is provided. This implement can be attached without altering the tractor body in any way; it is rugged in construction, and simple in design. US-0175 Ruddock, W. (H. V. Griffitts, L. E. Edwards, and P. Weilein), Material handling bucket. U.S. 2,442,571; filed May 4, 1945; issued June 1, 1948. In a clamshell bucket, a pair of pivotally connected halves are adapted to be swung together or closed to pick up and carry a 80 ------- load. The bucket may be swung apart or opened to discharge its load. Since considerable force must be exerted to close the bucket, this invention embodies a novel force •43 multiplying means for increasing the closing force. It is also an objective to provide a clamshell bucket which does not require the usual bale structure. The apparatus may be operated in a space with reduced height or head room. US-0176 Leschinsky, F. P. (F. P. Leschinsky, and Ear] S. Waldie), Bulldozer-loader device. U.S. 2,451,101; filed Nov. 22, 1946; issued Oct. 12, 1948. A combination bulldozer and dirt loader is constructed to prevent tilting of the tractor, and is built to handle heavy loads. The leverage exerted by the weight of a dirt loader usually tilts the tractor and may upset it, thus small loads can only be handled. A sub-frame is provided which extends in front of the tractor to carry and aff operate the bulldozer loader. The sub-frame is supported at the rear on the tractor, at the front on a stabilizing support ahead of the tractor frame. Weight of the bulldozer-loader is carried on the sub-frame. A novel bucket is also provided for dozing, scraping, and lifting greater quantities of dirt then conventional loaders. US-0177 McCauley, H. E. Combination bulldozer and ripper. U.S. 2,475,710; filed Mar. 20, 1947; issued July 12, 1949. A bulldozer has ripper teeth associated with the blade. Ripping spikes are secured to the 81 ------- Excavating blade and diagonal supporting member. Ripping action is obtained upon the backward or forward movement of the bulldozer. The spikes can be adjusted for a deep or shallow cut. US-0178 Peterson, R. A. Bulldozer. U.S. 2,485,407; filed Apr. 8, 1947; issued Oct. 18, 1949. A bulldozer can operate at full efficiency while performing all primary functions of both the straight and angle type of bulldozer, In addition to new functions. The machine has increased carrying capacity so that material scraped into the bowl can be more efficiently transported for dumping. Also this bulldozer is able to dig from either edge or can scrape or level without necessitating a change in blades. The single blade can be tipped back and forward, tilted froir side to side and raised or lowered at its corners. The power source is near the blade, contributing to a more efficient and versatile bulldozer. US-0179 Billings, R. P. Excavating bucket. U.S. 2,501,594; filed Oct. 19, 1944; issued Mar. 21, 1950. •to •/O Buckets of the clamshell type are supported by a cable which extends over a sheave or pulley wheel on the outer end of a boom or support arm. The cable controls; bucket raising and lowering; a second cable controls the opening and closing of the bucket bottom. In performing the latter operation, an upward pull exerted on the bucket raises it out of proper engagement with Che ground. The present invention proposes to obviate this objectionable feature by providing hydraulic ------- ram control to open and close the bucket bottom. Additionally, the benefits of full ft- f / (^ ./ fc / tl-s' »-' V "ft < ^Q Ok '• 7 S V , , -x#\ "" \ -15 ts I . s-JO )~ =« ram power are obtained with a relatively short stroke of the ram. US-0180 Wells, R. L. (Bucyrus-Erie Company), Combined bulldozer and tractor shovel. U.S. 2,530,414; filed May 19, 1948; issued Nov. 21, 1950. A tractor shovel is modified to push as well as carry dirt. A transverse bucket is mounted on the tractor with two arms pivoted on the tractor for pushing and lifting the bucket. Hydraulic cylinders actuated by a pump raise and lower the arms. When push arms are lowered and pistons extended, the plate is in a dirt-pushing (bulldozer) position; with pistons retracted, the plate resumes a dirt-carrying (shovel) position. US-0181 Simanek, T. J. Clam shell bucket. U.S. 2,557,575; filed Dec. 16, 1949; issued June 19, 1951. A clamshell bucket is used on steam shovel equipment. The improved bucket is hydraulically operated to effect deeper digging. It can be mounted on any suitable type of heavy equipment. When fluid pressure is applied to the positioned open bucket, the bucket digs deeply into the surface excavation and closes around the material. US 0182 Alexander, E. C. (Southern Welding and Machine Company), Bulldozer attachment for tractors. U.S. 2,559,816; filed Dec. 12, 1946; issued July 10, 1951. 83 ------- Excavating A bulldozer attachment comprises a frame extending forward from the rear axle of a tractor, and an earthmoving blade carried by the frame adjustable for angling (about a vertical axis) and tilting (about a horizontal axis). The blade is hydraulically operated by a single ram located in the middle front section of the frame. Such a bulldozer attachment is useful for converting a tractor to an earthmoving device. full operation. Both shovel and bulldozer elements can be easily transported without US-0183 Merz, J. W. Bulldozer attachment for tractors. U.S. 2,634,519; filed Mar. 14, 1949; issued Apr. 14, 1953. ^ < .- ^rry' b s ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' "T » 4 J This bulldozer attachment may be applied to a conventional tractor, with a blade disposed across the tractor front to operate on ground which the tractor moves over. The bulldozer blade is so connected to a frame which straddles the tractor that it may be tilted vertically or extended across the front of the tractor at an incline. The arms of the frame are supported from bellcrank levers pivoted to the tractor, adjustable by hydraulic means. A single operator actuates the means without descending from the tractor. Simple construction and mounting means permit the easy removal of the attachment when the tractor is to be used for other purposes. US-0184 Maxwell, W. A. Combination bulldozer and shovel arrangement. U.S. 2,660,816; filed Feb. 17, 1949; issued Dec. 1, 1953. This combination bulldozer and shovel is particularly adapted for mounting on crawler type tractors. The device is mounted by a special supporting frame on the tractor in such a manner that the shovel can be operated independently of the bulldozing operations. The shovel stops operating without disconnection from the tractor and the bulldozer can begin dismounting. When they are removed, it requires a minimum of time and effort to complete the job. US-0185 Goetz, W. J. Power shovel. U.S. 2,678,140; filed Dec. 24, 1948; issued May 11, 1954. This power shovel features a shovel bucket carried and actuated by a movable shovel handle which adjusts the bucket into two operating positions. Reversal to either the shovel or drag shovel position can be easily accomplished without disassembly or complicated operations. Fluid cylinder and piston means operate the boom which moves the bucket. Locking devices are also provided. The device can be easily and inexpensively manufactured and handled, with less chance of retaining damage than with previous devices. 84 ------- US-0186 Felt, G. H. Bulldozer blade stabilizing attachment. U.S. 2,698,491; filed Nov. 18, 1949; issued Jan. 4, 1955. This device stabilizes the blade of a bulldozer in order to employ it for leveling, grading, road finishing, and ditching operations. Not only can the blade be adjusted, but it can be An angle-type bulldozer blade is arranged for attachment to and operation from a construction tractor. The rear end of the blade should always extend a distance laterally beyond the steadied after reaching the desired position. The stabilizing attachment has means which follow the contour of the ground while the bulldozer moves around. It is movable to a raised position in relation to the ground to clear ditches, tree stumps, and other obstructions, and also allows the bulldozer to be turned around easily. US-0187 Le Tourneau, R. G. (R. G. Le Tourneau, Inc.), Angling blade arrangement for tractors. U.S. 2,702,952; filed Aug. 25, 1949; issued Mar. 1, 1955. -- 1 ' •-s wheels. A unique pivot structure provides a radius for turning blade about the central pivot. A T-shaped pivot arm is extended between the wheels and pivoted to the tractor case underside to permit folding for compactness (as required for shipping). The total blade arrangement comprises: side arms projecting at the rear; pivot arms attached to the case; connections between the side and pivot arms, and a bracket with electric motor attached to the case. Additionally, a lead screw is connected to the bracket and one pivot arm, with a driving connection between the motor and screw. US-0188 Chartier, E. D. (R. 0. Hansen), Trench digging attachment for motor vehicles. U.S. 2,710,466; filed Aug. 20, 1951; issued June 14,'1955. This trench-digging attachment can be mounted on a small motor vehicle, such as a ''jeep''. The boom is so mounted that when it is raised to non-digging position, there is no dangerous overhang of the weight structure beyond the rear wheels, thus alleviating any sway. The boom can be moved from side to side to permit digging a trench in any position transversely of the vehicle. A hydraulic cylinder controlled by an operator enables the boom to be shifted ------- Excavating laterally. A dirt conveyor belt is coordinated with the trench-digger so that dirt from the with the screw back filling into the trench. Not only is the fill complete, but all loose earth can be completely moved into the trench and the surface smoothed or graded. trench is carried to one side forming a continuous mound. US-0189 Crawford, L. A. Trench filling machine. U.S. 2,714,775; filed Aug. 31, 1951; issued Aug. 9, 1955. A self-propelled vehicle which may be guided along an earth mound near an excavation and return the earth to the trench is provided. The apparatus is designed to follow the line of the earth to be shifted without itself being shifted by the earth mass. A novel mount is provided for the earth mass contacting and shifting screw. A hydraulic positioning apparatus for the operating element is also provided, including automatic controls combined with manual controls to coordinate all machine functions. This device is useful in areas which are being tiled; after the trench has been dug and tile laid within it, this machine moves along the trench line, US-0190 Crawford, G. E. Bulldozer frame. U.S. 2,725,650; filed Nov. 17, 1952; issued Dec. 6, 1955. 7J 86 ------- A frame of this type is detachable and may be used for mounting a bulldozer blade. Primary objectives of the device include the following: to provide a frame for rigid attachment to the draw bar of the transmission and clutch housing; to provide a push bar or bulldozer frame structure pivotally mounted on the main frame to accommodate a blade; and, to provide hydraulic means attached to the push bar to raise and lower the blade. The structure is designed to prevent twisting of the frame work due to strains on the blade at work. It is braced, with a simple and efficient operation procedure. Equipment to be used for excavating purposes would utilize this clamshell bucket for use on a ladder-type ditcher, adapted for deep ditch digging. Conventional digger buckets are satisfactory in a shallow excavation, but in deep digging it is desirable to use the slurry method to keep trench walls intact. Since buckets operate under slurry for a considerable portion of their lift, they must be designed to retain soil, yet allow the slurry to drain. To maintain the effective depth of the trench, the spillage of the load must be minimized. This invention accomplishes such an economy; it is designed to remain closed until reaching the discharge position where it automatically opens. US 0191 Kerr, W. T. Ditcher bucket. U.S. 2,753,978 filed Dec. 17, 1951; issued July 10, 1956 ------- Excavating leveling the earth. While primarily an agricultural implement, it may be used for a variety of grading and leveling operations. fixed transversely in relation to the draft direction of the leveler. Such a leveler might be utilized in landfill operations. US-0193 Christiance, H. C. Road drag. U.S. 2,827,744; filed Mar. 6, 1956; issued Mar. 25, 1958. A drag is provided for ground leveling and contouring in which the drag members are in ring-form interconnected and stabilized to 112 accommodate variations in ground contour. Problems of faulty interconnection and stabilization with previous inventions have been overcome here with the provision of a center ring flanked by a pair of outer rings. This center ring is diamietrically connected to the outer rings to achieve control of the relative rise and fall of rings. Additionally, arched scraper blades are secured to the drag rings. A simple hitch is connected to the rings for attachment to a tractor. US-0194 Miller, E. W. Soil leveler with adjustable wheeled frame. U.S. 2,862,341; filed Apr. 1, 1957; issued Dec. 2, 1958. A tractor-drawn leveler has an adjustable wheeled frame and a three-point hitch for connection purposes. The open framelike construction embodies numerous tandem-arranged soil-cutting members which are US-0195 Chatrenet, A. (Societe a Responsabilite Litnitee), Hydraulically-operated grab bucket. U.S. 2,889,643; filed Oct. 13, 1955; issued June 9, 1959. 1 24-, ~ 24 12 10 A grab bucket may equip hoisting cranes of excavators as well as handling equipment for public works and agricultural work. The bucket is hydraulically operated by a ram, the cylinder of which has connecting rods for controlling the openirig-out movement of the bucket jaws or sections. The ram is 88 ------- single-acting and controls the bucket closing movement while the opening motion is produced by the action of the weight of the bucket jaws assisted by springs. A small amount of force is required to open the bucket, so possibly a double-acting ram may be used without reducing the diameter of the extension of the piston which supports the bucket assembly. US 0196 Freyer, E. F. Screening means for clamshell bucket. U.S. 3,299,548; filed Feb. 10, 1964; issued Jan. 24, 1967. Screening, grading, and handling facilities can be built into or attached to a conventional 36 1 34 12 52 8 4O clamshell bucket. The construction is such that when the mouth of the bucket is opened and the lip-like cutting edges spaced apart, the material to be screened filters through screen openings while larger particles are trapped in the receptacle portion of the bucket. When the mouth is fully opened, these larger particles may be discharged and piled for separation. The screen is then hoisted up to an out-of-the-way position so bucket sections can resume the digging cycle. Means for screening resembles a U-shaped cradle unit which is associated with and in complete coordination with a pair of opposed companion bucket sections. US-0197 Waterson, A. P. Land leveler. U.S. 3,353,288; filed Feb. 17, 1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967. An improved tractor-drawn scraper blade has automatic means to vary the blade height to the ground contour. One objective is to provide a device adapted for fine leveling work (minor humps) after coarse leveling has been accomplished. The land leveler is connected to a tractor, the tractor's front wheels acting as the front feeler for the leveler. Thus, when the tractor passes over uneven ground, a draw bar is raised and lowered by hydraulic actuator means which operates the mechanism to control the scraper's height for correct alignment with front and rear feeler wheels. The scraper assembly is able to cut and fill, thereby leveling the land. 69 ------- Hazardous Wastes Beyers, M. E. , M. P. Brown, J. W. Carter, J. A. Junck, J. F. Lauterbach, and F. H. Winters (Caterpillar Tractor Company), Hydraulic blade control. U.S. 3,354,563; filed Aug. 4, 1964; issued Nov. 28, 1967. Controls are designed for maintaining a desired cutting slope of a motor grader blade. Such a device is necessary for earth moving operations where extreme accuracy (such as 1/8 in. in 10 ft) is required. The control system is for use in conjunction with a blade slope simulator in the drawbar ball of a grader. It is sensitive to a deviation between a desired blade slope and actual blade slope. Protection from damaging forces during operation is provided. A valve device directs fluid to a hydraulic system disposed to alter the slope of the blade. US-0199 Wilmoth, J. H., and H. L. Wilmoth. Power driven reel for earth moving scraper. U.S. 3,363,344; filed Dec. 21, 1964; issued Jan. 16, 1968. This invention provides a power driven reel for an earth moving scraper which will perform // variable rotational speeds independently of scraper movement, to assist in passing over obstructions, Inclines, and soft areas of terrain. This power driven cylindrical reel is capable of loading from a stock pile with minimal scraper movement. It is located within a scraper; during loading the reel rotates, elevating earth which it contacts away from a cutting edge for subsequent deposit into a scraper bowl. When the scraper bowl becomes filled, the excavated earth is carried up and back by vanes and is discharged into an open earth transporting bowl. US-0200 Hancock, J. E., R. L. Reinhardt, and H. E. Stuller (Clark Equipment Company), Combination elevating scraper and loader. U.S. 3,391,776; filed Nov. 14, 1966; issued July 9, 1968. Dirt, gravel, or other material is picked up by a vehicle which consists of a frame and supporting wheels, a scraper blade, and a conveyor. The conveyor extends forward from the frame and the material is deposited into it and transferred rearward of the frame for disposition. The vehicle has steering capabilities so that it may be maneuvered about a supply area such as a borrow pit. It includes first and second spaced apart wheel structures at the front of the frame which may be changed from a wide position to a lesser position for traveling of the vehicle on roadways. well in all environments even with loose soils and sand. Such a reel may be operated at HAZARDOUS WASTES US-0201 Guerchoux, C. S. (The Ro-Ed Engineering Company, Inc.), Mobile incinerator, garbage container, and chute. U.S. 2,442,686; filed Dec. 19, 1946; issued Dec. 19, 1946. This mobile incinerator, garbage container, and chute combination has been designed 90 ------- especially for use on a barge or ship. Garbage, sawdust, oils, contaminated foods, and other debris may be accommodated in this device in order to dispose of them before a ship docks at a pott. Disease and insects are thus prevented from entering the country. The device is mounted on a barge until goods can be quickly transferred to the incinerator for burning. A garbage chute is mounted on the side of a ship, positioned so that contents of the chute will fall into an incinerator on a barge alongside. An operator pulls a handle attached to the door of the chute which allows material to drop onto the open top grill of the incinerator for burning. dissolving solids, fluid is injected and the materials are agitated and mixed until dissolved. Thus, a safe and inexpensive method is provided for the disposal of wastes that are mixed with glass, caustic acid, or chemicals. This separation method prevents materials from settling and caking on the bottom of a tank or sewer system. The material is retained and agitated in the tank until it becomes a solution. US-0203 Coder, R. Incinerator for medical waste. U.S. 2,616,379; filed Aug. 11, 1948; issued Nov. 4, 1952. US-0202 Norton, 0. C., and A. E. Hahn. Disposal of refuse. U.S. 2,447,425; filed Mar. 17, 1945; issued Aug. 17, 1948. Mixing and disposal machines are improved by mixing and dissolving solids in fluids. Fluid under pressure is injected into a tank, dispersing and separating waste products according to their specific gravity. In This incinerator is for burning contaminated matter, such as hospital wastes. Charging, combustion, and exhaust chambers are provided, ------- Hazardous Wastes with partitions between charging and exhaust members. A passage for conveying distillates, gases, and air from the former to the latter chamber is also provided. Novel grate means make use of a drip pan which catches liquid that might otherwise fall into the ash pit. Material is loaded into the charging chamber and the waste is guided down to the grate means by slanted walls of a hopper. Drippings are evaporated to pass up the exhaust chamber and flue port. US-0204 Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,838,014; filed July 25, 1956; issued June 10, 1958. An incinerator for the destruction of animal carcasses, biological laboratory waste, and hospital waste has walls which form a charging chamber for reception and incineration of material. There is a vertically extending combustion chamber separated from the charging 'SS chamber by a vertical partition. A passage extends beneath the charging chamber opening into the lower portions of the charging chamber and combustion chamber for placing the two in communication. The walls of the combustion chamber form an opening at the top for placing the chamber in communication with a stack, whereby the combustion products from the charging chamber are caused to flow through the passage into the combustion chamber for ascent through it to and into the stack. The walls are formed with an opening which places the combustion chamber in communication with the charging chamber at a point below the opening into the stack, and above the other opening into the charging chamber. A power burner is provided for discharging a burning mixture of fuel and excess combustion air across the combustion chamber from its wall opposite the partition to and through the opening in the partition into the charging chamber. This causes burning of smoke-forming particles contained in the gaseous combustion products ascending through the combustion chambers, and breaks down and burns odoriferous constituents of such products. This also treats the charge in the charging chamber and supplies it with combustion air. It further forces part of the combustion products ascending through the combustion chamber through the opening into the charging chamber for recirculation through the charging chamber, passage, and combustion chamber before entering the stack. US-0205 Michaelis, 0. Furnace for burning of waste materials. U.S. 2,895,433; filed July 10, 1957; issued July 21, 1959. An electric, gas, or oil furnace burns wastes such as those resulting from hospital operations. Material can be destroyed in a fast and hygenic manner without endangering the operator's health. The furnace unit itself comprises a thin-walled cylinder adapted to receive combustion air from the bottom. At the top of the furnace is a container having a tilted emptying connecting piece for holding and emptying a waste basket. To remove combustion residue, a sLidable ash catcher is provided below the bottom of the furnace. Smoke and odor are eliminated because the furnace duct is arranged with the chimney in such a way that an induced draft is created which removes gaseous burning products. USO206 Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,925,054; filed June 30, 1958; issued Feb. 16, 1960. 92 ------- This compact incinerator destroys many types of waste materials, including animal carcasses and wastes, without smoke and odor discharge. A single fluid fuel burner effects destruction of material to be incinerated. The casing is formed of refractory material inside, with a a pair of carbon sticks and a carbon arc feed mechanism to feed and separate said sticks. metallic outer shell. Refuse to be incinerated is loaded into the charging chamber through a top opening and material falls on the bottom grate, Burned products descend through the grate into an ashpit below, flow through openings into a lower chamber, whereby they rise up to the burner chamber for incineration, and move to an upper chamber where products are discharged. The action of the burner chamber flame, acting with the effects from hot incandescent walls of upper, lower, and burning chambers, causes all smoke particles and odors to be consumed prior to discharge. US-0207 Menrath, J. E., and E. J. Lideen. Carbon arc incinerator. U.S. 3,173,388; filed Oct. 8, 1962; issued Mar. 16, 1965. A unique incinerator apparatus is designed especially for use in hospitals and the like where heat for incineration is supplied by means of a carbon arc. The device uses no flushing liquids, disposes of wastes without storage, is self-cleaning, and requires no emptying. The carbon arc reducing means eliminates fire hazard and danger to the user. An incinerating crucible receives waste from a rotatable material feeding valve and an electric carbon arc heating means quickly raises the temperature to incinerate all waste. A motor-driven fan moves a stream of air over the crucible during incineration to effect combustion and to entrain the products of combustion. The carbon arc assembly includes The entire apparatus is automatic in operation, compact designed, and portable. US-0208 Gates, H. J., and T. Rosenberg (International Incinerators Incorporated), Incinerators. U.S. 3,173,389; filed Nov. 13, 1961; issued Mar. 16, 1965. This incinerator has an explosion-proof arrangement for handling highly explosive 93 ------- Hazardous Wastes materials, such as plastic wastes. It has a building structure of reinforced concrete having upper and lower sections where elements of a continuous incinerator arc located. Refuse is deposited near the outside of the structure and a crane moves to deposit it through a hopper entrance. A continuously moving drying grate works to transfer the material to a feed chute which causes it to enter a rotating kiln. A separate entrance to the incinerator above the feed chute is used for volatile materials; combustion air is damper here. Other safety means are employed to help protect the operators. US-0209 Berghout, C. F. , M. Dauer, F. W. Lanard, R. P. Minx, W. E. Senoski, and U, T. Ward (United States of America repr. by the Secretary of the Army) , Radioactive waste material incinerator. U.S. 3,218,997; filed Feb. 6, 1963; issued Nov. 23, 1965. An incinerator for combustible radioactive material comprises a combustion chamber with a charging device for radioactive waste material. There is also a fuel injector, and an air supply mechanism. At the base of the combustion chamber there is an ash disposal device. This is contiguous to the chamber, and includes an ash chute. The ash is sprayed with a liquid in the chute. There is a dust removal device for the disposal of dust created by discharge from the combustion chamber. A dynamic precipitation mechanism is provided for purifying waste gases emitted from the combustion chairber. A controlled precipitation disposal device is placed contiguous to the precipitation mechanism and includes a valve-controlled hopper and dust removal device. An exhaust conduit is located between the combustion chamber and the precipitation mechanism and between the dynamic precipitation device and a stack that is located in the incinerator. A radiation detector alarm and recording device may be mounted in the stack or ash disposal device. RODSCKttN 94 ------- US 0210 Maurice, P., P. Girard, and P. Fenaille (La Soudure Autogene Franchise), Organic materials destructor. U.S. 3,345,960; filed July 12, 1965; issued Oct. 10, 1967. In an incinerator intended for the destruction of Organic materials, combustion is promoted by placing materials, such as animal viscera, in contact with very hot gases. The incinerator is comprised of a basket arranged in a casing -I which turns around a horizontal axis. Material is placed in one end of the basket, while one or more burners, for the intake of hot gases, are placed in this opening also. Fumes resulting from incineration may escape out the other end of the basket. The burner mechanism is fed with either liquid or gas fuel; the speed of rotation of basket and casing is about fifteen turns per hr. US 0211 Harrison, A. E. Non-contaminating incinerator for consummate burning of trash and disposal of waste. U.S. 3,368,505; filed Jan. 18, 1966; issued Feb. 13, 1968. An incinerator of this type maintains sterile conditions and prevents contamination of the atmosphere in the burning of trash. It is efficient for both indoor and outdoor use and is especially useful in destroying classified papers and hospital waste. The incinerator Includes a trash-receiving, rotatable reticulate drum to which the burning flame is directly applied. The drum is equipped with internal agitators in the form of toothed-edge bars which carry unburned materials to the top of the drum for ignition. They continuously stir the burning trash until the last particle is pulverized. The incinerator housing carries a flue with a revolving screen for intercepting sparks. The entire incinerator is motor operated, the motor being housed outside and attached to a wall of the incinerator housing. A water sprinkling system is located between -2 the fuel pipe and drain to permit flushing of the burnt trash residue into the sewer main. An auxiliary smoke stack is provided if more draft is required. The front of the unit has a supplemental door to permit removal of non-combustible articles. US-0212 Pedersen, F., E, Lorengs, and E. Indbryn (F. Pedersen), Incineration method. U.S. 3,461,824; filed Apr. 8, 1968; issued Aug. 19, 1969. 95 ------- Incineration A method is provided for the combustion of anatomical tissue, refuse and other waste materials without pollution of the atmosphere. The cold refuse is placed in a grateless incinerator and then gradually heated without admitting air until the refuse is in a completely dry state and the self-ignition temperature of the refuse has been reached. A slight amount of air is then admitted to maintain combustion but not enough to carry off material from inside the incinerator. The admission of air is subsequently adjusted when the combustion is half-complete in order to maintain the temperature in the furnace space at about 800 C. Fuel may be introduced after self-ignition has occurred. The gaseous combustion products may be conveyed to a closed chamber and subjected to a rain of vaporized water prior to being discharged. US-0213 Tarbox, J. L. (United States of America repr. by the Secretary of the Army) , Incinerator with fluid turbulator. U.S. 3,464,375, filed July 11, 1967; issued Sept. 2, 1969. An improved combustible radioactive waste incinerator system has a combustion chamber, a flue outlet pipe leading from the combustion chamber, and an air control device adapted to control the rate of dilution air drawn into the flue outlet pipe. The air control device consists of: a horizontal air inlet duct and a mixing chamber interposed in the flue outlet pipe and receiving air from the horizontal duct; a curved baffle extending into the mixing chamber and having an upstream portion bisecting tho horizontal duct in a horizontal plane; and a lower baffle at the forward portion of the inlet duct cooperating with the upstream portion to form upper and lower air streams. The upper stream enters and rotates peripherally of the mixing chamber and the lower stream enters centrally of the mixing chamber. The reliable air dilution device prevents leakage of radioactive material from the flue gases entering the air dilution device to the environment outside of the incineracor. INCINERATION Domestic— US-0214 Waterman, A. C. Incinerator. U.S. 2,427,480; filed July 17, 1944; issued Sept. 16, 1947. A simple and compact incinerator can be easily set up for safe use. Jumping means are ------- provided and a cushion for limiting its movement in one direction during dumping. The smoke stack can be folded out of the way during the dumping operation. Air supply means help the combustion process. The incinerator body, preferably cylindrical in shape, is suspended on a support set in concrete slightly above the ground, to facilitate tilting for dumping operations. US-0215 Hebert, J. W. (Valley Welding and Boiler Company), Refuse incinerator. U.S. 2,488,405; filed Sept. 20, 1947; issued Nov. 15, 1949. This incinerator is provided with a unique electric heating element to assist in drying wet refuse prior to combustion. Air inlet openings are provided in the combustion chamber adjacent to the heating element to direct incoming air around the element and cause the direct flame and heat to circulate away from the unit. Air openings in the chamber side wall prevent over-heating of the heating element. Tive drying process obviates bad odors and smoke. The electric heating unit is bracket-mounted on the front receiving chamber wall of a downdraft refuse incinerator. This conventional incinerator is provided with a flue pipe at the rear of the combustion chamber and has a hinged Ud on top to permit dumping refuse into the chamber. US-0216 Ames, J. G. Multistage incinerator for drying and burning wet refuse. U.S. 2,493,939; filed July 26, 1945; issued Jan. 10, 1950. In an incinerator of this type, wet refuse is disposed of by multistage incineration, the first stage being a drying or dehydrating cycle at low temperature without flane, and the second stage being a burning or ignition stage 10- where the dried mass is burned. The initial drying stage eliminates or reduces smoke and odor in the burning stage. Improved air control is provided in which air for both cycles is compelled to pass through both drying and ignition chambers, and out through the flue. This air control enables multistage incineration to be accomplished in several compartments, instead of one compartment handling several operations. A hearth plate or refuse support receives and supports incoming garbage through the necessary stages. Improved flue means between chambers are also provided. 97 ------- Incineration US-0217 Ames, J. G. Incinerator with burner means responsive to weight of rubbish to be burned. U.S. 2,517,074; filed July 26, 1945; issued Aug. 1, 1950. A gas-fired device adapted for domestic use disposes of refuse by multistage incineration. The first stage dries or dehydrates garbage at a low temperature, and a second ignition stage employs a hot flame to burn the dehydrated mass. Smoke and odor are reduced due to the drying process. The second ignition stage is entirely dependent on the weight of the refuse--the refuse grate moves to different positions due to the loss of weight from the drying stage; the burner shuts off when there is a lack of refuse weight on the grate. US-0218 Keene, A. T. Waste or garbage disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,560,578; filed April 9, 1945; issued July 17, 1951. Garbage may be disposed of at its source by this apparatus without smoke or odor. A home unit produces an end product which is either ash or desiccated garbage which is sanitary to handle and useful as a stock feed or fertilizer. The disposal apparatus is simple to install and is accessible from the outside of a dwelling. A cylindrical housing holds a rotary grinding element driven by an electric motor and a desiccator. Desiccated material is guided into a furnace where it piles up on a grate until it reaches a level f^ -p Y\({(\//(<(\ adjacent to the flame of the gas or other burner for combustion. Heated air from the furnace passes through the desiccator to dry comminuted garbage prior to burning. US-0219 Earle, G. L. C. Kitchen cabinet incinerator. U.S. 2,584,382; filed May 5, 1947; issued Feb. 5, 1952. This incinerator is adapted to form part of a utility or kitchen unit, and occupies the intermediate end upper portions of such an L-shaped or 'set-back' unit. It has a flue system which may connect with that of the space heater if the unit includes one. The incinerator is provided with three doors: a feed door, a combustion chamber door, and clean-out door. The feed door is located in the lower portion of the unit, while the combustion chamber door and clean-out door 98 ------- are hidden by an access door located in the intermediate portion above the table top. for shaking the grate to dislodge ash without opening the door, thereby eliminating the possibility of dust or odors escaping. The grate structure and combustion chamber are inexpensively constructed and admit a maximum amount of air for dehydrating the garbage or refuse within. US0221 Willett, G. H., and W. R. Vroman (Incinerator Products Company), Chimney wall mounted incinerator. U.S. 2,652,010; filed June 7, 1951; issued Sept. 15, 1953. A small, domestic incinerator is adapted for auxiliary mounting directly onto a chimney. Means are provided to support the weight of the incinerator on the wall. The construction is unique to prevent smoke, noxious gases, and combustion products from seeping out around the US 0220 Weggel, E. J. Garbage and refuse incinerator. U.S. 2,608,943; filed Apr. 7, 1947; issued Sept. 2, 1952. J& An incinerator of this type is used in a home or similar establishment, and has a readily removable grate. Means are provided connection to the chimney. In addition, a spark-arrester screen is assembled within to retain the heat-insulating lining in the housing and provide a by-pass at the back ------- Incineration through which gases pass to the chimney flue in the event that the normal passage is blocked. US-0222 Blum, J. K., R. G. Blum, and D. J. Blum (Burnwell Incinerator Corporation) Incinerator. U.S. 2,678,009; filed April 28, 1950; issued May 11, 1954. This incinerator is designed for installation in buildings for the sanitary disposal of refuse. It is a chute-type incinerator in which the feeding chute and gas discharge flue are separate. A blower directs a stream of cold air across the bottom of the feeding chute and into the incinerator furnace. This air stream prevents hot gases and flames from rising up the feeding chute and cools the bottom of the chute to reduce the drawing action of the hot gases. An auxiliary flame maintains a desired furnace temperature and helps oxidize refuse and combination gases. The combustion gases take a devious course to insure complete combustion and a major amount of the fly ash is deposited before it leaves the flue. US-0223 Weggel, E. J. Refuse incinerator. U.S. 2,702,012; filed Jan. 18, 1951; issued Feb. 15, 1955. This complete home disposal unit features a unique feed door and auxiliary door arrangement for admitting air and preventing the escape of fumes and odors into the room. An automatic check damper is automatically actuated when 100 ------- the unit is in operation to regulate the draft and prevent overheating during burning. The unit also makes use of a baffle cylinder with a perforated basket suspended within, permitting cool air to circulate around material in the container for maximum drying action. Within the kitchen or office located device are portable ash containers where ashes fall from the grate, keeping the base of the incinerator clean. A top-loading door admits refuse into the combustion chamber when lifted. US-0224 Smart, A. Automatic incinerator. U.S. 2,716,386; filed Aug. 18, 1952; issued Aug. 1955. 30, ,^3Z J . I , 6 US-0225 Loewenthal, H. J., and J. E. Staats (General Electric Company), Incinerator. U.S. 2,783,723; filed Dec. 2, 195A; issued Mar. 5, 1957. I- l-i «> — '"i'rT^'*l" 'T^"m"l"""TTTJT: as IS A domestic incinerator of this design is compact, efficient, inexpensive to manufacture, and entirely automatic in operation. It has a high safety factor so it may be used by any member of the family without danger; the act of loading the refuse is all that is necessary to initiate operation. The device is comprised of a hollow receptacle with a combustion compartment and a grate separating this compartment from a clean-out compartment below. 101 ------- Incineration This domestic incinerator has an electric heating device which is automatically controlled to maintain a predetermined minimum temperature in the combustion chamber during each operating cycle. After all waste is burned, the device is de-energized automatically. To prevent accidental opening of the incinerator, an electrically- actuated latch mechanism is used to lock the drawers and door during operation. US-0226 Harner, J. R. (The W. F. Norman Sheet Metal Manufacturing Company), Incinerator. U.S. 2,804,030; filed Mar. 30, 1953; issued Aug. 27, 1957. A portion of the operating assembly of a rubbish-burning incinerator movable in response to the weight of rubbish placed on it to control the supply of fuel to the burner automatically. The incinerate; has a deflector grate, movable grate, and a burner grate. Rubbish to be burned falls through a top opening to rest on a movable finger assembly which is lowered by weight of the waste toward the burner. Burned material falls into the ash pit below the burner grate. The incinerator is intended for use in a modern home, so air cooling means are provided to prevent overheating of the casing. US-0227 Raucher, W. L. (General Electric Company) , Control circuits for electric incinerators. U.S. 2,823,626; filed Mar. 10, 1955; issued Feb. 18, 1958. Electric incinerators used in homes can use this control circuit. The unit is operated under a variety of load conditions with respect to the character of the material that is to be burned or disposed of, the relatively inflammability of the load, etc.; whereby the time interval of the operating cycle of the incinerator required to completely burn-out or consume a load of material is subject to wide variations. Some dry loads ignite instantly, others require a predrying stage. The control circuit is designed to affect different operations depending on the nature of the material. It may establish either a single cycle or repeated cycles; to ensure complete burn-out of the load. 102 ------- US-0228 Anderson, K. G. and S. Close (K. G. Anderson), Incinerator. U.S. 2,863,406; filed June 10, 1957; issued Dec. 9, 1958. Complete combustion of refuse is accomplished in this incinerator to minimize the amount of smoke or particles escaping from within. The grate may be constructed of sheet metal with a number of openings; the improved lid has of all gases take place, eliminating all smoke and odor. The whole apparatus may be insulation for cooling purposes and is contoured on the inner side. In operation, refuse is loaded through the top and two burners (one within and one outside the chamber) are ignited. Air is drawn from the bottom of the body through a passageway to assure maximum combustion. Gases from combustion leave the incinerator through a pipe, but are first directed to the second burner for more complete burning before discharge out the chimney. US-0229 Werner, A. Incinerator construction. U.S. 2,895,434; filed Apr. 24, 1956; issued July 21, 1959. In this incinerator, refuse may be so completely burned and controlled that complete combustion of all gases before they leave the stack is completed. Deodorization and decarbonization 830 630 £g^i ~^8Z6 rTTT1 .1 •//•)!',,;.•;,•?•„-',..>„> X///jvVX///<>x"//^'//A\'>'>'///\\-' incorporated into an apartment house. Heretofore, when refuse was deposited in the stack and burned in the firebox, odors and bits of carbon resulted, usually due to 103 ------- Incineration Incomplete combustion. Now, a new combustion means employing any source of ignition is provided to effect complete burning prior to entry into the atmosphere. Also a draft control means or transverse air duct is utilized to aid this combustion process. etc., while in larger sizes it incinerates industrial and factory wastes. KS. US-0230 Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company), Incinerator. U.S. 2,932,713; filed May 26, 1958; issued Apr. 12, 1960. A household incinerator enabling high combustion of shredded materials over a relatively slow continuous rate without high peak heat outputs consists of a shredding chamber through which material passes before incineration, and a -'+- rr^i^^'/jto 14 "/• "A f— y^s* -J^TT"^ "g^T^ITTT33J1.Q Oft I SPgffigEjl'iW combustion compartment. A rotor with a helical blade shreds the material and conveys it in a continuous compressed rod form into the combustion chamber. A helically coiled tubular sheath heating unit heats the material to its combustion point as it passes through. The total heat produced by the unit is low in comparison to regular incinerators. US-0231 Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,952,226; filed Feb. 23, 1956; issued Sept. 13, 1960. Smoke and odors are eliminated in this incinerator; the charge is burned in such a way as to distill combustible gases from it and burn them by hydroxylative combustion (not ordinary carbonic combustion). A provision is made for automatically reversing the draft under low temperature conditions resulting when the charge is almost consumed. This prevents smoldering and smoke. This prefabricated waste incinerator is intended for outdoor use; in smaller sizes it is adapted for domestic use to burn paper, wood fragments, US 0232 Hebert, J. W. (Calcinator Corporation), Domestic incinerators. U.S. 2,993,454; filed Aug. 8, 1956; issued July 25, 1961. An incinerator for combusting garbage and refuse is composed of a casing in which a combustion chamber containing a horizontal, longitudinally extending shield is placed. A fuel issuing portion lies parallel to the shield, so the ejection of fuel results in an elongated torch-like flame. The shield protects the flame from extinction. Deflector fins are longitudinally spaced along the shield and extend a little further inward toward the axis of the flame with distance from its source. Thus, parts of the flame are peeled off and distributed outward and laterally. 104 ------- The shield extends almost to the secondary combustion chamber, which is connected to the first by a flue. A grate holding the garbage and refuse is contained in the primary chamber. thus subject to greater combustion at the top of the grate before sliding to the bottom. Corrugations in the walls of the chamber provide air passages, and, by increasing air circulation, promote more efficient burning. Garbage can be placed on the shield where it dries until the main burner is turned on and it is ignited by the pilot flame. US0233 Meyer, P. J. Incinerator. U.S. 3,001,487; filed Apr. 15, 1960; issued Sept. 26, 1961. An incinerator of this design is for use primarily with garbage and trash. An emptying opening in the sidewall of the cylindrical housing renders up unconsumed material, such as cans and bottles. The grate retains these unburned items and automatically conveys them to the opening without the need to reach into the incinerator. Beneath the grate is a slide-out ash drawer which is easily removed for dumping when full. A further provision of the incinerator is a burner, such as a gas burner, located beneath and at the same angle as the grate. Material deposited on the grate is 105 ------- Incineration US-0234 Hebert, J. W., P. R. Schubert, and H. L. Coles (Calcinator Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 3,043,245; filed Feb. 17, 1955; issued July 10, 1962. A garbage and refuse incinerator consists of a housing defining a combustion chamber. A flue leads into this chamber, and a casing is so mounted as to cover the entrance to the flue from the chamber. This casing has an opening in it opposite the flue. There is a catalyst Et^L/ ••—^•gy^f^?-^^ gp^-^^r^z^Yy 30 $ W '• !.' HI •^Lborxaj: L ^O Pj/^7 ' "'» " » a " fjf , 3/ / r 7:2 1 -^3 in the casing below the opening, and a burner in the casing below the catalyst to maintain the catalyst at a predetermined temperature. The casing has an opening in its lower end to admit the off gases of combustion to the casing. There is a bypass opening door for the opening opposite the flue, and this is swingably mounted to swing out away from the casing. A charging door for the housing is mounted to swing outward away from the housing. A device connects the first mentioned door and charging door so that when the latter is opened, the former will also be opened. US-0235 Morgan, C. A. (The Majestic Company), Incinerator. U.S. 3,048,130; filed June 1, 1959; issued Aug. 7, 1962. A domestic smoke-consuming incinerator has a primary charge-receiving chamber, a secondary chamber, and a final combustion chamber. Air may be introduced at the upward end of the secondary chamber to aid combustion. Flames may be introduced at the junction between the secondary and final chambers, whereby smoke and unburned particles from the refuse charge are completely consumed in these last two chambers. The final combustion chamber is provided with a refractory wall upon which unburned particles strike, this wall being at an elevated temperature at the time of contact. US-0236 Brucken, B. L., and J. L. Miller (General Motors Corporation), Domestic incinerator. U.S. 3,150,619; filed Oct. 23, 1959; issued Sept. 29, 1964. This domestic incinerator may be installed as an appliance within the living area of a home and does not need a chimney for removing combustion products. The refuse is subjected to a destructive or dry distillation process while volatile combustible products from distillation are subjected to subsequent catalytic combustion. Both distillation and combustion chambers are provided. A mechanical draft is utilized to dilute the air 106 ------- exhausting from the incinerator to lower the temperature and maintain proper pressure. Means are also provided to crush residue fron the distillation process. US-0237 Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation), Portable incinerator. U.S. 3,160,122; filed Sept. 26, 1963; issued Dec. 8, 1964. A portable knockdown incinerator comprises a sheet metal wall defining an erect casing. The casing has vertical and inwardly inclined side walls, and is open at the top and bottom, with feet attached to the side walls for supporting the casing above a positioning horizontal surface. In the lower portion of the casing is a receiver for a charge of material to be burned. This receiver together with the interior of the casing above it defines a primary combustion chamber. There is a carbureting burner head at the top of the casing defining a second combustion chamber. The burner head is comprised of a cover-like supporting plate, an upstanding perforate wall surrounding and vertically open to the aperture, and a horizontal bottom plate of similar circumferential extent as the supporting plate. The bottom plate has a vertical marginal wall connecting it to the supporting plate to form an intermediary chamber between the primary and second combustion chambers. The burner head further comprises a vertical stack ring surrounding and annularly spaced from the upstanding perforate wall of the head and carried on and above the supporting plate. The stack ring, perforate walled second combustion chamber, and intermediary chamber, and all apertures thereof together are arranged to -»°o°o°6°o°5»; j_n_ i »o°o?o9o9o5o°oVo;=l . _ -rrjAP^ • ------- Incineration no more hot gas disposal duct means than a bit of plastic tubing. The gaseous combustion product which comes from the device is clear, odorless, and less than 200 F. Electrical means are used to induce combustion initially; burning is maintained at 1,500 F to eliminate smoke and odor. Compaction means are included within to form waste material into a nonporous plug of material for burning, taking the form of a pressurized rubber bag here (creating a bellows effect). A completely air-tight trash bin is provided so air cannot get behind the burning plug of oxidizable material. No exterior part of the device becomes hot enough to burn the operator. US-0239 Brucken, B. L. , and H. P. Cassady. (General Motors Corporation), Waste incinerator. U.S. 3,314,385; filed Sept. 28, 1964; issued Apr. 18, 1967. An incinerator has an automatic incinerating cycle, including a destructive distillation portion at the beginning to reduce waste to a carbonaceous residue and a second carbon-burning phase to reduce this residue to ash. The domestic appliance described has means for inducing a sweep of air through the door when opened to prevent soot from entering the room while loading the incinerator. There are heating means at the joint of the door with the door opening for minimizing condensation. A further objective is to provide a common catalyst means to eliminate smoke and odor, and free oxygen from the incinerator's destructive distillation chamber. The incinerator may be installed in a line of base cabinets, for connection to an exterior duct and a power supply receptacle. 108 ------- US-0240 Stevens, C. F. B. (Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada), Combustion of organic waste material. U.S. 3,357,377; filed Sept. 3, 1965; issued Dec. 12, 1967. high degree that only water vapor and carbon dioxide is discharged to the atmosphere and inert ash discharged for storage within the building. Garbage is broken up and fed to a grinder from which clumps of comminuted garbage fall onto a preheated metal surface. This heated surface is located in a first combustion chamber; particulate matter stays in this chamber for drying, pyrolysis, and evolution of gases. A mixture of gases and preheated air is conducted to a second chamber where the extreme temperature insures complete combustion. Solids remaining in the first chamber are burned to ash and discharged at the end of the cycle. US-0241 Wiley, S. K. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation), Domestic incinerator appliance. U.S. 3,357,379; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued Dec. 12, 1967. f"-COMPRESSED AIR A^.N///»v'^y: .\ LL. _____ __ __.__rt^^rr>rrr .___ __ii In this domestic kitchen appliance, garbage may be disposed of by combustion to such a POWES SUPPLY This small-sized housetiold incinerator makes possible the disposal of tin cans, plastic containers, foil wrappings, and the usual household trash items which are not quickly oxidizable. Tiie combustion chamber has a ceramic lining in the lower part of an air-tight container. The upper part of the container constitutes a trash bin into which trash may be stuffed. An inflatable bag is clamped by a cover to the top of the bin and 109 ------- Incineration may be inflated from any source of compressed air. As the bag becomes inflated, the pressure compacts the trash into a nonporous plug. The bottom face of this plug of compacted material forms one wall of the combustion chamber. As this thin layer becomes eroded and shrunken, the pressure exerted by the bag causes the plug to move forward. This keeps the carbonized and incandescent burning face in the same place that burned material falls. Combustion is induced by hot ail flowing through several orifices. An electrical resistance heater heats the air before delivery. A thermostatically-controlled valve opens the chamber to admit fresh air when the temperature becomes too high. second chamber where the combustion process is completed. US-0242 Bourner, H. L. Incinerator. U.S. 3,364,887; filed Apr. 11, 1966; issued Jan. 23, 1968. US 0243 Pantoja, E. V. Garbage incinerator. U.S. 3,388,679; filed Jan. 6, 1967; issued June 18, 1968 This refuse incinerator which is hermetically sealed can be safely installed and used in a household for burning refuse. An exhaust vent is installed for dire-.ting combustion gases to an atmosphere which is outside of the house. A forced draft apparatus draws in cooling air and combustion air while it forces exhaust products from the incinerator. The refuse is initially burned in a primary combustion chamber and then passed to a 10 110 ------- This incinerator is a unitary, self-contained installation capable of burning garbage and other waste materials and arranged for collection of refuse by ducts from upper floors as well as the ground floor of buildings. An airspace between double enclosing walls insulates against heat escape. Combustion gases and fumes reach the exterior through a main vertical stack into which secondary flues are funneled to ventilate the space outside the furnace. Baffle plates within the main stack prevent entry of rain water as well as escape of unburnt waste. A series of interior plates allows combustion gases to sweep through the garbage to provide maximum heat utilization. Regulation of primary air suppJy is provided by doors on the front of the furnace. A burner, on a movable base, provides the heat source which together with the serial grates provides for melting metallic waste. US-0244 Anderson, C. A., and M. D. Charneski (The Detroit Edison Company), Electric incinerator. U.S. 3,467,035; filed Sept. 18, 1967; issued Sept. 16, 1969. " A home incinerator is adapted to result in substantially complete combustion of garbage and trash and to minimize the production of smoke, fumes, and odors. The electric incinerator has radiant resistance heating elements disposed above the grate in the path of the products of combustion. Spaced walls surround at least a substantial portion of the interior chamber with combustion air traversing the space between the walls to cool the outer wall of the incinerator while heating the air before it readies the combustion chamber. Initiation of combustion is by supplying current to the electric resistance heating elements and bringing them to a condition in which they radiate heat to the material to be. incinerated. Wet garbage is dried by the radiant heat and then ignited. The heating elements are disposed in a baffle arrangement in the passage through which flow products of combustion produced in the combustion chamber. The escaping gases receive heat by direct contact with the radiant heating elements so that escape of unburned gases is substantially eliminated. Odorous gases may be cracked by the elevated temperature to form simpler nonodorous components. US-0245 Pelletier, E. (Raymond Lee Organization, Inc.), Incinerator. U.S. 3,485,190; filed July 15, 1968; issued Dec. 23, 1969. 111 ------- Incineration This forced draft incinerator burns waste products completely prior to discharge to the atmosphere. A vertical chimney passes upward through a multistory building, and each floor has an access door through which waste can be thrown into the chimney. Waste is caught by dampers which feed the flames automatically, or manually. The fans, which are located above the highest story, create a forced upward draft. Electrical heating elements are energized to completely burn the incomplete products of combustion. Trash and Foliage Burners US-0246 Miles, R. T. Reversible trash incinerator. U.S. 2,528,447; filed Aug. 1, 1947; issued Oct. 31, 1950. 22 23 •21 An important objective of this trash incinerator is to effect the efficient and complete burning of trash with a minimum of residue and sparks. The incinerator body is rotatably mounted off the ground to permit trash to be ignited at the top of the body prior to the inversion of the body for burning from the bottom. An imperforate cylinder forms the body, each end of which has a movable grate. A hood is mounted on the support means for exhaust purposes (for use with either end of the body). US-0247 Gardner, F. W. Trash burner. U.S. 2,542,920; filed Sept. 2, 1948; issued Feb. 20, 1951. A trash burner is adapted to support and retain refuse cans and debris. It comprises a heavy wire frame witt1 latched doors on both the side and top walls, and sits off the ground slightly. For purposes of storing or shipping, the device can be collapsed and folded into a flat position. US-0248 Remore, V. B. Incinerator with damper controlled internal flue. U.S. 2,669,199; filed Oct. 14, 1949; issued Feb. 16, 1954. An incinerator of this type is adapted for installation in parks, resorts, and picnic grounds. This compact oil-burning gravity fed incinerator will inexpensively burn most trash. Ashes may be easily removed, the 112 ------- installation may be easily cleaned, and it may be erected and dismounted without trouble. The conical hood at the top may be swung open for the deposit of trash into the body. Refuse falls to the basket grate, being dried and burned as it falls through flames passing through holes of the flue. US0249 Smith, E. F. (Midwest Metal Products Company), Trash burner. U.S. 2,738,743; filed Mar. 21, 1952; issued Mar. 20, 1956. n ,26 0 O O 0 A portable incinerator of this design burns trash and rubbish with improved combustion. The device comprises an enclosed sheet metal container holding a grate in the bottom portion. The frustoconical cover portion has a baffle and deflector member with numerous holes in it. The entire device is of minimum weight and bulk, is economical, and is extremely durable in construction. Overheating and smoke problems are obviated. US-0250 Sharpe, P. S, (Coder Incinerator Corporation), Incinerator construction. U.S. 2,838,016; filed June 30, 1955; issued June 10, 1958. An incinerator is comprised of a burning chamber and a combustion chamber juxtaposed to 113 ------- Incineration and in communication with it. A chimney is placed over the burning chamber and also in an exposed position for Loading. The burner receptacle has a hinged cover on top; a peg or pin at the bottom of the apparatus is driven into the ground for support. Any form or material can be used for the receptacle, but this one is a basket-type wire apparatus. When the receptacle is raised out of the ground, a latch member springs into use to secure it in an elevated position. communication with it. There is a breeching connection in communication with the combustion chamber and the chimney. A refuse charging device is positioned in the chimney, enabling material to be incinerated to be dropped through the chimney and accumulated in the burning chamber. A lock on the chimney maintains the refuse charging device in an openable or locked condition. A movable damper is positioned in the chimney for sealing the burning chamber from the chimney during incineration. The damper is rendered effective by a temperature sensitive control device disposed in the burning chamber. This device assumes the sealing position between the burning chamber and the chimney when the burning chamber reaches a normal operating temperature. 17- US 0251 Dwyer, W. M, Trash burners. U.S. 2,857,862; filed Jan. 31, 1956; issued Oct. 28, 1958. A concealed trash burner is sunk into the ground, and has means to raise the burner to US-0252 Stevenson, J. M. Open top incinerator, U.S. 2,915,025; filed Oct. 21, 1955; issued Dec. 1, 1959. An incinerator has an open top which receives trash and grass cuttings. Ashes may be discharged through the air intake opening in the bottom of the combustion chamber drum. 114 ------- The incinerator burns the material completely without odors or sparks; a special air intake system is arranged for air to cool the combustion chamber and to be pre-heated to promote better combustion after passing passing through the refu.se, thereby facilitating complete combustion. through the intake. Around the bottom opening of a cylindrical combustion chamber is an asbestos pipe collar which holds refractory material such as sand and which forms a hopper converging at the top of the collar. A cone above this sand hopper is filled with combustible material and ignited; the ash products fall into the sand hopper, through the collar to the ground for discharge. US-0253 Hance. E. A. Refuse incinerator insert for containers. U.S. 3,259,084; filed July 29, 1963; issued July 5, 1966. This device is designed to be fitted to the interior of a hollow cylindrical container to guide and support refuse during the burning process. The compact insert is adaptable to any hollow container and may be inserted without special tools. It may be shipped flat, in kit form, conveniently. By introducing paper or wood chips around the insert prior to the refuse, the latter may be quickly ignited; hot ashes or embers are eliminated from dropping below the bottom of the container, too, thus reducing the fire hazard. The wire mesh insert guides and controls air US-0254 Campbell, 0. E. Trash burner. U.S. 3,259,085; filed Aug. 2, 1963; issued July 5, 1966. A rotatable trash burner for household or commercial use in burning and disposal of combustible refuse avoids the necessity of r prodding or stirring the fire. This receptacle, a wire form burner for better circulation of air, is suspended froii a support neans and turns on a horizontal axis. An end cover door is so hinged as to cause the burner to be tilted upward to receive refuse and to open in a downward direction when incombustibles and ashes are to be dumped out. The drum-shaped receptacle is manually turned by a handle to insure free circulation of air throughout. 115 ------- Incineration US0255 McGinnis, G. E. (Westlnghouse Electric Corporation), Incinerator device. U.S. 3,289,618; filed Dec. 16, 1963; issued Dec. 1966. 6, An incinerator has an open top funnel-shaped combustion chamber surmounted by an open bottom trash bin. Trash stuffed in the bin is compacted to an imporous plug which is held from moving down by the slanting sides of the funnel-shaped ceramic mass constituting sides of the combustion chamber. The bottom face of this imporous plug constitutes an upper wall of the combustion chamber, and as this becomes eroded and shrunken through combustion, the plug gradually moves downward so that this bottom face of the plug continually occupies the same place as the plane of the junction of the combustion chamber and the trash bin, A firing chamber is constructed and arranged to surround the funnel-shaped combustion air pumped into it may be brought up to a high temperature. Combustion air is then led through orifices in the sides of the combustion chamber to induce combustion of a thin layer over the bottom face of the imporous plug. The combustion process is self-sustaining except for very wet plugs. Consequently, the electrical heaters are turned off after startup. The rate of combustion can be regulated by a device so that all combustion takes place and is completed in the combustion chamber. At the bottom of the funnel-shaped chamber a mouth or chute is provided through which all the products of combustion, both gaseous and ash are exhausted. At the end of this chute, the outflowing products of combustion encounter an incoming stream of cooling air in a mixing chamber. The hot products thus mixed with the cooling air are cooled to the point where they no longer present a hazard as they issue forth from the device. At this poin:, the diluted air transporting the ash enters a labyrinth formed by baffles provided by a removable ash tray so that the ash is separated from the cooled gases which are then directed to an exhaust vent. US-0256 Hillman, G. L. Portable leaf burning apparatus. U.S. 3,329,108; filed July 12, 1965; issued July 4, 1967. A portable apparatus for burning leaves has a U-shaped frame, the curved portions of which sides of the combustion chamber, and this houses electrical resistance heaters so that are joined, the uprig.ht portions supporting a wire mesh receptacle and lid. The device provides for complete combustion of the 116 ------- organic material o^ foliage so that minimum residual ash remains. It can be collapsed into a flat position for easy storage. SB US-0257 Wagle, J. A. Incinerator. U.S. 3,330,232; filed April 18, 1966; issued July 11, 1967. Hi — 30 Z5 The incinerator featured is easily fabricated from standard commercial cans or drums. An upright can has a movable grate near the bottom of the can; dumping of the can may be effected by removing the ventilated ]id and tilting the can. In a horizontal position, the grate divides the combustion chamber (to the top) from the ash chamber (to the bottom). Smoke is easily conveyed out through openings in the lid. US-0258 Tolston, C. C. Combined trash burner and barbecue pit. U.S. 3,354,848; filed June 17, 1965; issued Nov. 28, 1967. A dual purpose apparatus is described which has use as a trash burner and barbecue pit. A cylindrical steel container, with a flat bottom and convex top to a drain off moisture, has both a fire grate and barbecue grate within it. There is an inclined trash /£> loading chute that leads into the container above the fire grate. Three doors are provided--one at the barbecue grate, one above the fire grate, and an ash door below the fire grate. One can tend the barbecue and fire, as well as remove incombustible trash using these doors. A smokestack is provided which allows an adequate draft for burning without expelling sparks or burning scraps accidentally. The enclosed device may be used safely even on a windy day and around children. US-0259 Lager, M. E., and R. J. Miller Smokeless yard burner. U.S. 3,372,656; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued Mar. 12, 1968. A burner for leaves and trash is designed to be wheeled about a yard. An 117 ------- Incineration electric blower Is provided for discharging air along a line extending the full width of the narrow-bottom hopperlike burning container. Spaced above the line of air liberation, and extending higher than the sides of the hopper, is a duct member. It is composed of expanded metal which insures free passage of the air and products of combustion. The contents at the opposite side of the duct are fully exposed to the burning actions. Covers can be closed to confine the exhaust to pass up through the duct. Wet leaves can be burned without smoke. US-0260 Sailers, Y. T. Portable incinerator. U.S. 3,391,662; filed Feb. 16, 1967; issued July 9, 1968. by a lawn mower. The incinerator is positioned on a platform attached to a lawn mower. Within the incinerator, nozzles are located above and belcw the space where the grass and leaves are discharged into the furnace. Gas is supplied to the burners in sufficient quantities to burn the green, freshly cut leaves and grass. US-0261 Heitz, C. T. Cover for trash burners. U.S. 3,403,64A; filed Nov. 22, 1966; issued Oct. 1, 1968. This cover for trash burners has an outer peripheral frame and a central screen secured to the frame. The frame can be engaged with or removed from the trash burner container. The frame has an inward and upward directed flange member to which the screen is secured. The screen is secured to the frame in an arched position, creating a dome, for increased 24 ,10 18 16 20 This portable incinerator burns the leaves, grass, and other material cut and picked up structural rigidity and stability. The dome shape is maintained by compressed engagement of the peripheral edge of the screen in the pocket formed at the junction between the body portion and the flange. The domed configuration facilitates the use of rather lightweight wire mesh, and yet provides a rigid structure. The cover is simplified in construction and inexpensive to manufacture. 118 ------- US 0262 Phillips, H. E. Refuse burning device. U.S. 3,428,004; filed Nov. 9, 1966; issued Feb. 18, 1969. A refuse burning device is provided upon which trash, leaves, and other combustibles can be burned without damage to grass or pavements. It consists of two sheets hingedly connected together so as to be able to be laid flat as a single sheet and to be folded into a size smaller than a single sheet. Each sheet has a fire and heat resistant surface -6c 26 66 26 -12 —2 upon which trash and leaves can be positioned and burned. The sheets are bounded by a peiipheral ridge which functions to help to retain the trash and leaves. The height of the ridge, however, does allow leaves and trash to be raked onto the fire and heat resistant surface. the material to smolder, smoke or smell to any extent or for extended periods of time. ife 11 Jj Industrial Waste US 0263 Fisher, W. M. Refuse burner apparatus, 3,460,490; filed Sept. 28, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969. U.S. A refuse burning apparatus has a cylindrical burner portion and a removable pyramid cover mounted above the burner portion and having a hole in the top. The burner portion may be enclosed in a rectangularly shaped body, and at least one of the panels of the body is provided with an opening near the bottom for combustion air. It is so constructed that it will direct the draft to obtain effective combustion of the refuse material and to consume most of the smoke, and will handle wet and damp materials without causing US 0264 Lewers, T. R., and G. Cairns (T. R. Lewers, G. Cairns, and G. S. Pettapiece), Burner unit. U.S. 2,367,590; filed June 18, 1942, issued Jan. 16, 1945. This burner unit is designed to burn sawdust and may be used in connection with ranges, water heaters, and domestic and industrial furnaces. No soot, creosote or other by-products clog the pipes with this device. The burner unit communicates with the combustion chamber of a heating device, using a hopper for directing the fuel. An inclined grate beneath the hopper in the burner unit receives fuel; air is supplied to the grate whereby fuel is very quickly burned. Supporting devices with numerous openings lie between the hopper and 119 ------- Incineration grate. When fuel on the grate Is burned, it heats fuel on supporting devices to form a gas which is ignited by the flame of the burning fuel. <§?* US-0265 Boughman, G. A. (Boughman Machine Company), Wood waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,496,146; filed Nov. 14, 1946; issued Jan. 31, 1950. An apparatus handles shavings and other waste products from woodworking machines. Wood shavings arc stored in a storage bin which is provided with a screw conveyor in its lower end. This conveyor moves the shavings out of the bin. Several stirring arms are located just above the conveyor to stir the shavings and prevent their conveyance in large lumps. From the conveyor, waste Is received in the fire box of a furnace by suction and blowing means. The suction blower fan has a discharge conduit leading to the furnace. Air currents set up eliminate the need for a cyclone or centrifugal separating apparatus in the discharge conduit of the furnace. US-0260 Polk, W. C. Corncob burner. U.S. 2,666,403; filed July 13, 1951; issued Jan. 19, 1954. With an improved corncob burner, extremely rapid combustion is completed at a lower temperature, due to a blanket of outside cooling air indrawn through wall openings. A hollow, vertical, open-topped incinerator is provided with a forced draft burner tuyere grate in the center. Material to be burned is supplied to the center of the incinerator, is burned almost immediately, and the slag is deposited on the floor for easy removal. Smoke and obnoxious gases are virtually eliminated. US-0267 Atteberry, C. Burner for incinerating cotton gin waste. U.S. 2,702,013; filed April 20, 1951; issued Feb. 15, 1955. A burner for the destruction of cotton gin wastes has an apparatus provided to feed fuel to the burner through the bottom (underfeed) 120 ------- to avoid smothering effects encountered on conventional burners. Air is circulated spirally up through the burner and is continually provided to increase burn efficiency. There are two portions in the entire burner unit: the tin refuse fuel conditioner and supplier and the burner proper, joined by a hopper and two conveyors. Cotton burrs and gin trash are placed in the first portion where they are passed through a tumbler to remove non-combustible materials. This material then goes to the burner through the conveyor-hopper device. The burner proper is composed of a base section, combustion chamber, hood, and stack. Fuel passes over stationary air grates in the burner, and primary ignition occurs. The burning fuel spreads into the burner bowl and onto revolving grates in the bottom, where combustion is more or less completed. Ashes can be moved out through an ash chute to a suitable receptacle outside the burner. this device. Forced draft means for supplying air for combustion are provided, as well as cold air means to cool and arrest sparks. The structure is cylindrical in shape and about forty ft high, the upper portion a stack. Waste is fed into the lower end of the combustion chamber through a cyclone separator, such as commonly used around sawmills and woodworking -IT- shops. Air for combustion is provided through various openings, and as hot gases and sparks float upward, cold air is induced into the stack and comes in contact with such sparks to cool them. US-0268 Douglass, E. T. Apparatus for burning wood refuse. U.S. 2,804,031; filed Dec. H, 1953; issued Aug. 27, 1957. Relatively light combustible waste, such as that formed around cotton mills, saw mills, and woodworking shops, can be incinerated by US-0269 Miller, E, C., C. A. Stone, and H. Hansen (Riley Stoker Corporation), Apparatus for burning refuse fuel. U.S. 2,925,055; filed July 11, 1955; issued Feb. 16, 1960. This apparatus is designed to produce steam by burning bark and other wood wastes. The 121 ------- Incineration raw bark, sometimes vet and containing much foreign matter, is burned in this unit, which is used in conjunction with a steam generating unit. The heat release necessary to generate a certain amount of steam is constantly maintained, regardless of refuse fuel fluctuations. Refuse fuel, such as bark enters and is distributed to the furnace combustion chamber through various ducts. Heavy refuse fuel not immediately ignited is evenly distributed on a bottom grate to insure efficient combustion. Occasionally, coal may be used to supplement refuse fuel when there is not enough of the latter to maintain the desired production of steam. logs by heating the canbium layer of frozen wood to 180 F. IT- US-0270 Montgomery, W. T. S. (Jacksonville Blow Pipe Company), Incinerator. U.S. 3,163,133; filed June 29, 1960; issued Dec. 29, 1964. Wood wastes from industrial plants can be handled by this device by conveying them in on a stream of moving air to a combustion chamber. Corrugated inner walls are necessary to provide increased suspension burning. A novel sand trap automatically clears sand from the combustion chamber bottom. In this incinerator, bark with a moisture content of up to 50 percent may be burned. Such complete combustion takes place that ashes never have to be cleaned out. The incinerator may be used under a water tube boiler to salvage maximum full value out of burning material. Other uses include the thermal de-barking of US-0271 Biddle, R. S. (The Babcock and Wilcox Company), Apparatus for burning waste fuel. U.S. 3,327,660, filed July 1, 1964; issued June 27, 1967. An apparatus can be used for burning solid particulate organic waste material having a 50 to 70 percent moisture content. The recovery of heat from th = combustion process is achieved. Waste coff=e grounds produced in the manufacture of instant coffee need to be disposed of as do other organic wastes laden with liquid. No air heating equipment is needed; moisture-laden wastes are burned in an upright refractory-lined fluidized bed reactor. A bed of fluid.Lzed inert solid refractory particles is naintained in the lower portion of the reactor. Particulate 122 ------- solid fuel is supplied in suspension in a stream of primary air under positive pressure to the reactor bed so as to mix with inert refractory particles. Secondary combustion air is supplied throughout the bottom of the bed, passing upward to create a uniform temperature, fluidized mass of mixed material, combustible component is dispersed in a stream of primary air which moves upward into the base of a vertical cylindrical elongated space. The height of this space is five times its diameter. Combustion of the combustibles of the air-borne dispersed waste is initiated immediately upon its entry into the space to form a burning aeroform stream. To insure a predetermined retention time of the burning stream in the space, the progress of the burning aeroform stream through the space is controlled. A mantle of secondary air protects the refractory walls from impingement of waste material. This secondary air is eventually used for completing (in the uppermost part of the space) the pyro-decomposition of the waste material and its conversion into a gaseous reaction product free from smoke, odor, and visible ash. and burning fuel throughout the bed. Combined primary and secondary combustion air are about equal to the stoichiometric quantity of air required to burn fuel. Recovery of heat from gaseous combustion products is effected. US-0272 Brophy, J. W. (Prenoc Manufacturing Company), Incineration of industrial waste, and apparatus. U.S. 3,357,375; filed Aug. 17, 1965; issued Dec. 12, 1967. In the pyro-decomposition of industrial wastes, fluidized waste material containing a US-0273 Lowe, J. C. (Broadway Research and Development Corporation), Method and apparatus for incinerating waste material. U.S. 3,362,360 filed Dec. 5, 1966; issued Jan. 9, 1968. Waste combustibles are disposed of in a liquid by this method. The wastes are atomized at the upper end of a closely confined path within a vertical tube, while hot combustion gases rise countercurrently from a burner at the bottom of a combustion chamber. These gases are hot enough to flash the liquid into vapor and contain enough free oxygen to burn the combustible waste content of the liquid solution. The liquid wastes incinerated 123 ------- Incineration do not contain more than 10 percent combustible matter by weight. US-0274 Jung, R. (L. and C. Steinmuller G.m.b.H.), Method of and furnace for burning fine granular substances in moist condition. U.S. 3,373,704; filed May 9, 1966; issued Mar. 19, 1968. This furnace is designed for burning fine granular substances in a moist condition. Waste liquor is passed into the combustion chamber through several atomizing nozzles extending through the front and side walls. The combustion air is directed at an acute angle toward the front or rear walls in a downward direction. A back and upward flow area of the combustion flow is created. The wet fine granular substance is injected into the lower end of the back and upward flow area of the combustion air flow. The liquor component will completely burn out within the chamber. US-0275 Mandelbaum, H., and L. S. Wegman. Burning apparatus. U.S. 3,392,690; filed Mar. 29, 1967; issued July 16, 1968. This furnace burns driftwood and other debris where there is a good supply of water. The 2S 22 refuse is burned in an open top furnace. A spray of water is directed under pressure across the top of the furnace to act as a shield to 124 ------- prevent ash from discharging into the atmosphere. The water is trapped within a basin and the fly ash is mechanically separated from it. of the bed prevents blocking and circulates the solid components. Moist combustible material is fed into the apparatus so that it contacts the bed, and the required temperature is maintained by injecting a stream of heat-supplying material into the bed as needed. The residual ash is withdrawn. The apparatus 331 315 features a drying section which communicates with the incinerating bed, the liquid being separated from the moist combustible material by filtering means disposed along the extension of the lateral periphery and above the drying bed. US-0276 Shirai, T. Method for incinerating moist materials and an apparatus therefor. U.S. 3,411,465; filed Feb. 23, 1967; issued Nov. 19, 1968. The apparatus utilized for the incineration contains a fluidized bed which consists of solid particles having a melting point higher than the temperature at which the moist material can be incinerated, a gas distributor plate located at the bottom of this bed, and a stirrer located above the plate and mounted on a shaft extending downward. The method comprises the introduction of an upwardly flowing stream of fluidizing and combustion gas at a relatively low temperature through the gas distributor plate, thereby maintaining the partic]es in a fluidized state. Gentle stirring in the bottom portion US-0277 Perry, R. E., and G. J. Perry (R. E. Perry), Method and apparatus for burning automobile bodies and other waste materials. U.S. 3,412,985; filed May 23, 1966; issued Nov. 26, 1968. 125 ------- Incineration This scrap recovery process incinerates old automobile bodies through the utilization of a system which reduces resultant air pollution to a minimum. Scrap vehicles move into a burning chamber along a channelled base. The bodies, which are arranged side by side, advance in a row so that the rearmost body in the chamber falls into a discharge chute. Hot gases are directed at the junked autos from burning units located in a row along the entire length of the combustion chamber. Both conventional and jet burners are operated at superatmospheric pressure. The exhaust gases emitted from the primary combustion chamber are piped to a second chamber. There, the gases are burned to achieve complete combustion, and, once the gases are subjected to a final washing operation, they are allowed to pass into the atmosphere. US-0278 Test, R. L., H. R. Baker, and R. G. Nebelung (United States of America repr. by the Secretary of the Navy), Waste chemical disposal apparatus and process. U.S. 3,457,881; filed Dec. 1, 1967; issued July 29, 1969. Solid, liquid, and gaseous chemical waste from laboratories is disposed of by incineration. The waste disposal apparatus consists of crushers to grind and receivers to collect solid and liquid waste material, an incinerator to burn the material, A secondary incinerator to reduce soot in the combustion gases, a means of neutralizing acidic combustion compounds, a scrubber to remove entrained and soluble material from :he combustion gases and a stack to further reduce contamination. All waste process water is treated in a liquid effluent and neutralized before discharge to the sewer. The entire system is provided with safety devices to prevent injury in case of explosion. US-02/s Moushegian, H., and A. L. St. Cyr (Clean Air Controls, Inc.), After burner type incinerator. U.S. 3,482,532; filed Mar. 4, 1968, issued Dec. 9, 1969. 51- 1—FI rf~~t\ -- -5<- nf^o* 126 ------- This incinerator burns refuse which may be of the type generated at a hospital, factory, refreshment stand, etc. such as plastic coated receptacles, garbage, paper. Refuse is consumed in a primary combustion chamber where the rate of consumption is controlled through the use of an air blower. Smoke, then, passes into a secondary chamber, which is located in a vertical smoke stack for final reduction to a smokeless, and odorless, gas. 7'he primary and secondary combustion chambers operate simultaneously, and both are fed preheated air. US-0280 Whitman, J. E. Apparatus and method for handling and burning a finely comminuted solid. U.S. 3,482,534; filed Feb. 13, 1969; issued Dec. 9, 1969. This apparatus burns finely comminuted combustible cellulose base material such as wood or paper. The fine particles of solid are mixed with air so that the resultant mixture can be conveyed safely in a tube. A combustion chamber receives the mixture and complete reduction of the waste occurs. The furnace maintains a uniform temperature irrespective of, and independent from, the production rate of sander dust in the manufacture process. Heat produced during the combustion process can be utilized to produce the steam needed for plywood manufacture. US-0281 Boll, C. H., and R. P. Lanyon (Solvents Recovery Service of New Jersey, Inc.), Apparatus for burning industrial wastes. U.S. 3,483,832; filed Apr. 16, 1968; issued Dec. 16, 1969. This furnace burns any type of industrial waste material with reduced pollution of the atmosphere. The combustion chamber has vertical side walls, an open top and an inclined hearth at the bottom. A number of nozzles placed across the top of one side wall direct high velocity air into the combustion chamber. The surface area of the material being incinerated is a critical factor in obtaining smokeless and odor free combustion. By controlling the rate of feeding of waste material, which is accomplished by the inclined ? / " l^rMTT f~ bottom, this furnace regulates the surface area of the material to be burned. The higher the level of the material being incinerated on the hearth, the greater is the exposed surface area. Conversely, the lower the surface level, the narrower is the exposed surface area of the waste material. This incinerator can be operated with reduced fuel consumption. Municipal— US0282 Sharpe, H. W. Garbage incinerator. U.S. 2,384,496; filed Dec. 29, 1941; issued Sept. 11, 1945. The incinerator embodied may be built for portable use, or be stationary for use in city plants of necessarily high capacity. Partition walls inside the incinerator divide the structure 127 ------- Incineration into a combustion chamber, downdraft flue, and chimney flue. The combustion chamber is equipptd with a grate and ash pit below; plates are arranged in a stepped-up series in front of the grate, upon which fresh wet conical configuration in the center so refuse placed around it forms a shallow ]ayer instead of a solid pile. A preheated current of air may be passed through this configuration for garbage is deposited for dehydration prior to ignition. The structure is virtually smokeless and projects no sparks from the chimney while burning. US 0283 Nichols, C. W. Incinerating apparatus. U.S. 2,402,436; filed April 5, 1945; issued June 18, 1946. An incineration apparatus is provided for burning municipal waste. Large quantities of wet refuse can be dried and burned in this device, even if the material has highly irregular characteristics. The invention seeks to eliminate problems of wastes clumping in a wet pile when stacked on a horizontal hearth by providing a non-horizontal, inclined surface hearth. The hearth has a raised uniform drying. A rotatable stoker i's used to deflect material out from the center to the surrounding grate portions. US 0284 Vincent, J. C. Garbage incinerator. U.S. 2,544,369; filed Feb. 15, 1946; issued Mar. 6, 1951. An incinerator provides efficient disposal of material with a high moisture content while maintaining a high temperature. The fire is maintained by fuel such as coal, and the products of combustion (from the refuse) are used to heat the air supplying the fire to maintain the high temperature. The structure itself is composed oi a chamber with a front loading and rear combustion portion. Garbage enters the front chamber portion after a fire has been built, then receives a further charge of fuel on top of it. Gases derived from this burning pass to the rear or combustion portion of the chamber where final combustion of the gases is completed. Furnace temperature is maintained effectively at about 1,400 F here and effects a saving of fuel to consume 128 ------- garbage. Garbage and refuse is reduced to mineral ash with no objectionable odors or products given off, thus eliminating disease hazards. US-0285 Brandt, J. B., H. J. Kelly, and J. J. Burns. Mobile incinerator. U.S. 2,601,657; filed May 23, 1950; issued June 24, 1952. This mobile incinerator comprises a combustion chamber on the forward end of a garbage dump truck. There is a fuel tank on the truck, and a conduit from this tank leads to an oil burner operatively associated with combustion chamber. There is an ash pit below the chamber. A dump body is separate from the burner and combustion chamber and is mounted on the truck to the rear. This dump body has a storage chamber in it, and a hopper at the rear. A dehydrating chamber is located on the truck between the hopper and the combustion chamber. A conveyor in the dump body extends forward from the lower end of the hopper through the dehydrating chamber. The refuse carried by the conveyor is directed either to the combustion chamber or to the storage chamber on the dump truck body. The truck body has a passageway inside for carrying heat from the combustion chamber to the dehydrating chamber to dehydrating chamber to dehydrate refuse during its movement in the passage. •"3 US0286 Knipe, L. T., and R. W. Martin (Simplex Incinerator Corporation) , Garbage incinerator. U.S. 2,698,587; filed July 18, 1950; issued Jan. 4, 1955. Unsegregated garbage, containing noncombustible (tin cans), moisture-laden material, and combustibles (paper) may be burned together in this incinerator. The incinerator burns without the addition of fuel oil, the necessary heat for incineration being derived from combustibles in the garbage. The combination of a low draft and high temperatures reduces the smoke and odor arising from this incinerator. A conveyor carries garbage from 129 ------- Incineration the outside pit to the inside of the incinerator. The bottom of the incineration chamber is covered by a grate and garbage is delivered around it to a certain level. After initial ignition, garbage is delivered in regulated amounts to maintain the desired burning level. The incinerator burns at about 1,700 F consistently. US-0287 Reynolds, C. C. Incinerator. U.S. 2,759,440; filed Mar. 2, 1953; issued Aug. 21, 1956. An improved incinerator has numerous walls, with passages between the walls. The outer incinerator wall has two or more layers of tile or concrete blocks with vertical passages between. The outer wall also has a series of lateral openings which communicate with the vertical passages between the wall; air may rise up through the ends of the vertical walls to prevent excessive heating of the walls. US-0288 Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,869,487; filed Aug. 25, 1955; issued Jan. 20, 1959. This low-stack incinerator is designed for installation in public parks, airports, and the like, where a high smoke stack is not D 81 desirable. Fly-ash discharge is absent, so the apparatus is virtually smokeless and 130 ------- odorless. Refuse and putrescible garbage tray both be consumed in this invention. A fluid fuel burner, such as an oil burner, may be used to initially heat up a cold incinerator, creating a draft up the stack and igniting the charge on the grate. For dry refuse, this operation only lasts a short time, because the trash continues to burn by itself. Wet refuse must be dried up by this burner prior to ignition, so the burner operates longer. Also, the hot burner flame will consume all odorous gases prior to discharge. US-0289 Royer, L. A. Incinerator. U.S. 2,882,842; filed June 22, 1954; issued Apr. 21, 1959. This incinerator is portable in construction, having a mobile supporting frame holding a pivotally-mounted housing with a portion for burning trash and a portion for strong unburnable trash. The incinerator is in the form of a trailer which can be pulled up to another vehicle, and utilizes means for dumping trash and ashes from a rear end opening when the trailer is tilted. It is simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and extremely versatile in operation. US-0290 Purdy, E. H. Garbage disposal apparatus. 2,977,903; filed Aug. 7, 1958; issued Apr. 1961. U.S. 4, A mobile apparatus provides for the disposal of garbage by burning as it is loaded. A motor driven vehicle, such as a truck, has means for receiving and conveying garbage to an incinerating chamber. A rear platform on the vehicle with an open top receptacle receives 131 ------- Incineration the garbage, and has a spiral screw for conveying garbage to a hopper, which in turn feeds it to an incinerating chamber. Crushing /at iz— rollers inside the incinerating chamber crush incoming garbage prior to incineration. US-0291 Brandt, J. B., M. A. Noel, H. J. Kelly, and J. J. Burns (Mobile Incinerators, Inc.), Mobile incinerator. U.S. 2,985,120; filed Feb. 3, 1958; issued May 23, 1961. rv- > A mobile incinerator of this type may be driven from house to house to collect, pulverize, and burn garbage. Ashes resulting from the reduced material may be stored until removed at the day's end. Combined conveyor and crusher rolls reduce the garbage to combustible size and transfer it to a vibrating grate in a primary combustion chamber. A secondary combustion chamber is provided, as well as a process of forced draft and water bath treatment for cleaning, the smoke so there will be no visible form of odor. The entire system is compact, lig.htweight, and operates efficiently. US-0292 Coleman, J. D. Refuse and disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,997,007; filed June 22, 1959; issued Aug. 22, 1961. A mobile incinerator unit comprises a truck chassis and a refractory lined, cylindrical combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is mounted so that it can be tilted forward and downward. There is a grate in the combustion chamber inclined forward and downward, and having a vibrating mechanism. There is a discharge opening at the front: end of the chamber, adjacent to the forward end of the grate, through which ash and incombustibles are discharged. Refuse is charged onto the grate through an inlet at the rear end of the combustion chamber above the grate. A burner situated below the grate ignites the refuse, and a blower at the same end produces a forced draft through the grate. A baffle at the front end of the chamber is inclined down and to the rear toward the forward end of the grate to prevent unburned refuse from falling directly through the discharge opening. There is a baffle spaced from the top of the combustion chamber, with a gas discharge opening in the top behind the baffle. A cooler is disposed on the top of the combustion chamber which has at its rear end an inlet from the atmosphere. A conductor connects the cooler to the hot gas discharge opening, this conductor extending from the front end of the cooler to an induction fan. There is a filter in the conductor between the cooler and the induction fan. There is a hood on the chassis, the top of which is spaced from the combustion chamber and 132 ------- cooler and containing a number of vent openings. There is a conductor connected to the discharge side of the induction fan from which a number of ducts extend, these ducts being connected to the vents in the top of the hood. US-0293 Zinn, R. E., and T. J. Lamb (Arthur D. Little, Inc.), Municipal incinerator. U.S. 3,267,890; filed Apr. 19, 1963; issued Aug. 23, 1966. Municipal requirements of economy, efficiency, health, and flexibility are all met in this incinerator. Combustion of both solid and volatile materials, as well as city refuse, can be effected. One or more horizontal, cylindrical primary combustion chambers for burning solids is provided. Also one or more secondary chambers are provided to burn volatiles and lightweight solids. Means are provided for preheating combustion air and for removing unburned solids without interrupting the combustion process or discharging contaminants into the surrounding air. The chambers are so designed as to require only inexpensive firebrick linings, not thermal insulation. US-0294 Scholer, F. (Goodrid Incinerator Company Pty. Limited), Incinerators or the like. U.S. 3,295,479; filed July 31, 1964; issued Jan. 3, 1967. The large scale disposal of refuse can be effected with thin incinerator. Refuse can be loaded from a truck or conveyor into the incinerator which has one or more firing cells and a loading chute adapted to receive material. Tapered air inlets in the device direct incoming high velocity streams of air to all parts of the load to be burned. Where the incinerator has two firing cells, it is desirable that the loading chute has a divider in the center to insure even distribution of material between the two compartments. The self-stoking action allows for a flexible load limit, except that imposed by dimensions. US-0295 Boyd, J. A., and D. E. Boyd. Method and apparatus for incinerating refuse material. U.S. 3,307,507; filed June 1, 1965; is = "°-' Mar. 7, 1967. A mobile incinerator is capable of completely burning refuse material so as to avoid odors 133 ------- Incineration and excessive smoke. A method of burning and filtering combustible components contained within an exhaust gas flow is provided. In the combustion process, the steps of burning, cooling exhaust gases, re-burning the gases, Cooled gases pass through a water spray which removes fly ash and effects further cooling. and moving them over a liquid removes nearly all solid materials before discharge into the atmosphere. Primary and secondary chambers are provided; combustible material is deposited into the primary chamber and burnt; resulting gas streams are directed into the secondary chamber for further burning. Gases are then directed down over a liquid bath to remove any odors or fly-ash before exhausting them into the atmosphere. US 0296 Jacobs, J. H. Incinerator for refuse material. U.S. 3,310,009; filed Mar. 5, 1964; issued Mar. 21, 1967. An incinerator of this type handles combustible materials without emitting pollutants, odors, or smoke. Combustion air is drawn into staged combustion zones of a furnace. Means are provided for withdrawing combustion products from the zones in such a way as to effect complete volatilization in the first zone and complete combustion of the volatized materials in a second zone. An apparatus for controlling gas flow through a closed loop combustion system to preclude emission is provided. Combustibles are continuously fed into a low temperature zone for volatilization; products then are completely burned in a second high temperature zone prior to passing to a cooling zone. 13 US0297 McLendon, H. B. Combustion device construction. U.S. 3,352,345; filed Sept. 9, 1964; issued Nov. 14, 1967. IZ 10 _ / rn 40 14 41 90 42 A combustion device is constructed of sheet metal with combustion occurring in the central part of a chamber, insulation being provided by cool air swirling through from side wall openings. A fuel supply and ignition assembly is featured too, including an igniter element in the air layer and a fuel-introducing means in conjunction with it. US-0298 Crowe, W. W. Garbage destroyer. U.S. 3,353,508; filed Aug. 19, 1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967. 134 ------- A garbage destroyer eliminates garbage with minimum heat, is economically constructed, and operates without generating smoke or heat. A combustion chamber has a truncated conical lower portion which funnels material to be burned to a round grate which surrounds a dehydration and ignition unit. The latter unit extends up through the center of the grate for -78 -79 even heat transmittal above and below the garbage. A flat heating element is located above the ignition unit which heats gases given off in burning so as to destroy the gases and particles prior to their entrance to the atmosphere. The device is particularly useful in rural areas, operated on a scheduled basis. US 0299 Clement, R. E., and E. T. Knox (E. T. Knox), Incinerator. U.S. 3,354,847; filed Aug. 1, 1966; issued Nov. 28, 1967. An improved municipal incinerator is loaded by dumping refuse into a hopper which when loaded is swung upward to dump the load into the combustion chamber. The rubbish is then ignited and air is supplied by blowers through delivery tubes and floor nozzles. Use of the floor nozzles eliminates the need for grates to support the refuse. The rising smoke and fly ash are drawn through a fly ash separator by a mechanical draft inducer. The fly ash which is removed is injected back into the combustion chamber for further reduction. The remaining gaseous discharge is driven from the chamber by the inducer. A guilotine-type door opens to dump the residue from the combustion chamber onto a conveyor. US-0300 Reusser, P. U. Method and device for burning sludges and waste materials. U.S. 3,369,505; filed May 24, 1966; issued Feb. 20, 1968. A shaft turnace is provided for the combustion of rubbish and biological sludge and includes a removable top opening. Through this opening is mounted a movable lance member for conducting air downward into the burning waste material. A mixture of rubbish, sludge, and additives such as slag are charged into the furnace from the top. The shaft is heated before the charge and the charge is arranged so that the uppermost layer in the 135 ------- Incineration furnace consists of combustible waste. The movable lance member directs air into the material at a desired location to insure proper continuous combustion. By the provision of the movable lance, it is possible to construct the furnace of varying shapes because shape is not critical due to the fact that air can be supplied to all locations. _T ^ Q •12 The furnace may include a lower grate which is shiftable into and out of the furnace. It has means for directing air through the grate elements to all locations over the furnace cross section. US-0301 Engdahl, R. B., H. R. Hazard, and G. M. Hein (Battelle Memorial Institute), Mobile incinerator. U.S. 3,371,629; filed Nov. 18, 1964; issued Mar. 5, 1968. This mobile incinerator receives and burns refuse as the apparatus moves along a road or street. A high combustion temperature is needed to burn moist g.arbage so the apparatus is constructed of lightweight material to withstand such temperatures. Major components within include a charging (loading) mechanism, a combustion chamber, residue storage facilities, a fly-ash collector, and auxiliary equipment. Refuse is loaded into a rear hopper, elevated to a storage chamber, and moved by a grate to the combustion chamber. Unburnable material is dropped into a residue storage compartment under the combustion chamber. Disposal problems are minimized due to the weight-volume reduction of the refuse. Smoke and odor are eliminated and collection and disposal can be doubled in volume by this method. 165- 4«--i 3<-\| \ ,jr6' 136 ------- US-0302 leatham, E., W. W. Campbell, and C. E. Rossi (Harbison-Walker Refractories Company), Shaft kiln and method operation. U.S. 3,372,914; filed May 5, 1966; issued Mar. 12, 1968. This shaft kiln has an apparatus for handling exhaust fumes during its normal operation. The kiln consists of a long, narrow, hollow column with openings at the top and bottom through which raw materials may be passed to be burned. Raw material is charged at the top of the shaft and passes progressively downward through preheating, burnirg, and cooling zones. Air for combustion and heat transfer is introduced at the bottom of the kiln and passes upward through the kilns. A charging apparatus comprises a hopper converging to a narrow section which enters the shaft kiln opening. A cooling chamber surrounds the hopper and cooling air is circulated through it. An exhaust hood surrounds the cooling chamber and hopper. When a hang up is collapsed, the upward surge of flue gases, glowing dust, and particles are primarily released through the cooling chamber. The heavier particles lose their velocity while in the cooling chamber and fall back into the shaft kiln. The larger particles which enter the hood cannot enter the duct work because of the angle between the hood and duct work. US-0303 Papp, A. M., and L. P. Hine (American Gas Association, Inc.), Grease incinerator. U.S. 3,375,081; filed June 17, 1965; issued Mar. 26, 1968. A grease incinerator is designed for the disposal of cooking grease in restaurants. Incinerator is contained within a closed sheet metal housing and has both inlet and outlet openings. Baffles and ducts are provided to convey grease vapors to the outlet, The these devices forming a toroidal chamber within the housing. It has been proved that a heated surface interposed in the path of flow of grease vapors will incinerate and vaporize the particles. A non-greasy vapor is formed and the plating of grease on vent surfaces is prevented. In this invention, the inner wall of the toroidal chamber is a heated cylindrical surface so grease particles in the vapor will be incinerated on the surface and pass through the outlet in nongreasy form. A power fan or blower channels the flow of vapors through the chamber. US-0304 Ritchie, C. I., and J. A. Karpac (Bangor Punta Operations, Inc.), Fluid bed furnace and the like. U.S. 3,397,873; filed Nov. 20, 1964; issued Aug. 20, 1968. A fluid bed furnace for treating articles immersed in it consists of an outer casing. A vessel is adapted to contain a bed of finely divided solid material mounted within and insulated from the casing and defining a combustion chamber. A burner communicates with the combustion chamber for heating the finely divided solid material; and a first exhaust passage connects with an exhaust stack outside of the furnace for exhausting the products of combustion. A second exhaust passage separate and radially inward from the first exhaust passage exhausts the fluidizing 137 ------- Incineration medium and the fumes resulting from the heating of the articles. A partition with openings provides controlled communication between the first and second exhaust passage for the main combustion chamber. To assist combustion in the secondary combustion zone, the incinerator is supplied with a plenum! box which selectively supplies air to the two burning zones. \mct> a. a""o Q o- o t- VH.KA l/° y'° I W5 commingling the products of combustion and the fumes, which enhances the incineration of such fumes. US-0305 Flowers, G. H. (Waste Combustion Corporation), Incinerator. U.S. 3,403,645; filed Jan. 31, 1967; issued Oct. 1 , 1968. This incinerator eliminates or substantially reduces the emission of obnoxious and polluting waste products of combustion. The incinerator has a smoke stack of minimum height and simple design. The incinerator has a main combustion chamber and is provided with an exhaust system for exhaust gases. The exhaust system utilizes a secondary burning zone which is in an upward inclined area, rather than in a vertical direction, within a smoke stack. The secondary burning zone is arranged to give impetus to the exhaust gases leaving the main combustion chamber of the incinerator. A conduit leads from the primary combustion chamber to the stack. The secondary burning zone is located outside the area of the conduit so as to provide no obstruction to the exhaust gases in their flow from the main combustion chamber. The incinerator has a manifold surrounding its lower portion to provide air under pressure to the main combustion chamber. This assists in supporting combustion in the main combustion chamber. The auxiliary pressure burner for the main combustion chamber may be utilized to initiate combustion or assist combustion in US-0306 Maitilasso, A. J. (Dinosaur Reduction Chamber, Inc.), Process and apparatus for the incineration of refuse. U.S. 3,408,967; filed July 22, 1966; issued Nov. 5, 1968. This incinerator utilizes a two-stage combustion process for the burning of municipal refuse. Refuse is charged into the primary combustion zone where it is mixed with a forced air stream and ignited. Self-combustion of the refuse is maintained at a temperature in the range of from 900 to 1,150 F until at least a 50 percent reduction in the solid's volume occurs. Then, the refuse is transferred to an enclosed zone in rfhich incineration is completed under forced combustion at a 138 ------- temperature above 1,600 F. The cylindrical all-metalic construction of this incinerator forms an inclined conduit through which a refuse-carrying grate passes. US-0307 Ehrenzeller, W. S., and D. H. Call (American Design and Construction Corporation), Incinerator. U.S. 3,412,696; filed Mar. 25, 1965; issued Nov. 26, 1968. This vertical stack incinerator burns municipal refuse at temperatures in the range of from 2,500 to 3,000 F. A chute controls the charging of the incinerator, and at the bottom of the stack is a trough through which molten incombustibles are removed. A wind box surrounds the outside lower area of the combustion chamber. A fan supplies forced air to the wind box and from there the air flows through a tuyere system to the combustion zone. The tuyeres each have regulating valves which control the flow of air to the combustion area. A multi-sided fly ash screen filters the exhaust gases without restricting the air flow passing through the stack. US-0308 Yoe, G. S. (George Koch Sons, Inc.), Refuse burner. U.S. 3,440,977; filed Feb. 14, 1967; issued Apr. 29, 1969. 8 toe r "ii -Jit. A, commercial refuse burner of the conical type is characterized by a secondary combustion 139 ------- Incineration zone in the form of. a dampening device to slow stack gas velocity as well as to provide air turbulence, for mixing combustion air and stack gases to promote secondary burning, with the overall control or reduction of air pollution also being assisted through a filter screen of atomized water. The refuse burner is defined by a base portion in the shape of a truncated cone, a screened dome, and a cylindrical portion between the top of the truncated cone and the dome. A first combustion zone is within the truncated cone and the second combustion zone is disposed above the first zone and within the cylindrical porti9n. US-0309 Ehrenzeller, W. S., and D. H. Call (American Design and Development Corporation), Incinerator. U.S. 3,456,604; filed Mar. 11, 1966; issued July 22, 1969. An incinerator for municipal waste material consists of a cylindrical stack, and at least two adjacent separate wind-boxes near the bottom extending outjide of the stack with a separate source for forcing controlled volumes of combustion-supporting gas into the wind boxes, with ducts that join the wind boxes tangentially to the inner and outer walls at different levels of the incinerator. US 0310 Ehrenzeller, W. S., and D. H. Call (American Design and Development Corporation), Incinerator. U.S. 3,460,489; filed Apr. 8, 1968; issued Aug. 12 1969. This apparatus for the complete destruction of municipal waste products by incineration at critical high temperatures comprises a substantially vertical stack, a top-enclosing frustoconical baffle element, a return by-pass duct positioned above the baffle and extending outside the stack for emission return of fly ash and hot gases into the lower combustion area, means for supplying the waste material into the lower combustion area, means for supplying the waste material into the stack at or above the combustion area, a tuyere assembly situated around the combustion area, a wind box extending around the tuyere assembly, means for forcing air and fly ash and hot gases into the wind box, at least one layer of air inlets to the stack, means at the bottom of the incinerator to provide access to the combustion area, and neans to permit removal of the final combustible products from the incinerator. Forcing combustion-supporting gases, such as air, through a system of tuyeres located between the wind-box and the combustion area of the stack to bring about controlled uniform distribution of the air, effects maximum destruction of waste materials such as paper, wood, refuse including bottles, tin cans, stoves, and refrigerators. The charging system for feeding the waste materials to the combustion area of the stack maintains 140 ------- the combustion chamber at predetermined high and constant operating temperatures. US-0311 Ankersen, B. R. Incinerator. U.S. 3,482,533; filed June 28, 1968; issued Dec. 9, 1969. This incinerator disposes of garbage and refuse, and it is suited for use in large urban areas. Refuse is deposited in a main combustion chamber where it is agitated with preheated air. Located below the main chamber is a primary combustion chamber where a high calorific fuel is burned. Wastes, in turn, move into a second combustion chamber in order to complete the burning process. Heated gases, the final products of the combustion process, flow into a heat exchanger for cooling. The cooled gases are filtered in order to remove residual particulate matter before passage to the air is effected. Proportioned amounts of wet and dry garbage and refuse are fed into the main combustion chamber. Plants and Systems -± =fr7r:/;.—";??•; -^Q-jw ITJ, W,£. r US-0312 Martin, W. S. (Morse Boulger Destructor Company), Sludge and refuse disposal. U.S. 2,483,918; filed Oct. 15, 1946; issued Oct. 4, 1949. 141 ------- Incineration Sewage sludge, garbage, refuse, and other wastes may be economically incinerated in this apparatus. A single furnace is used to dry and burn sewage sludge and rubbish, utilizing all the calorific value of organic matter contained in both. The furnace has a cylindrical charge drying and burning chamber with upper and lower rotating annular hearths for both functions. Rubbish goes directly to the burning zone, as does sludge after the drying action is completed. A combustion chamber connects upper and lower zones and insures complete combustion of fumes and gases. As the latter products travel to a chimney, the gases come in contact with a heat exchanger. US-0313 Hartley, H. J. (Pacific Foundry Company, Ltd.), Multiple hearth incinerator. U.S. 2,710,585; filed Nov. 12, 1949; issued June 14, 1955. T-ffi A furnace is comprised of an upright hollow column, in which a number of hearths are disposed one above the other. These hearths are spaced from each other to provide a number of combustion chambers in the column between hearths. There are firing mechanisms disposed at each of the combustion chambers to throw flames across the hearths. Each hearth is composed of a number of sections, with each section hinge-supported at one end, and the hearth sections being composed of hollow multi-perforated units joined together by webs. Devices are provided for releasing each hearth section so Chat it hangs from its hinged end. Each hearth section can also swing upward to hearth position, A mechanism is included for introducing compressed air into the combustion chambers through the hollow units of the hearth sections. US-0314 Hartely, H. J., and C. S. Rankin (Pacific Foundry Company, Ltd.), Incinerator. U.S. 2,744,477; filed Dec. 8, 1951; issued May 8, 1956. With an improved multi-hearth furnace, wet garbage is introduced into an upper hearth; six hearths are arranged vertically, each with drop holes or outlets and each with a pair of rabble arms having teeth. When garbage falls into the hearth, the rabble or raking arms move and in combination with warm air forced into the incinerator reduce and dry waste material for rapid burning. The material is further dried and subsequently burned as it passes down through the adjoining hearths. From the final hearth, the resulting ash is discharged into an ash pit. There is a down-draft inside the incinerator which makes it more effective for consuming moist materials. Wet garbage is 142 ------- subjected to drying action with warm air, then to intense heat due to the down-draft, which causes materials to burn as they descend through the hearths. toward the stack; the air thus emerging is virtually smokeless. US-0315 Sasaki, Y. Refuse destruction system and furnace therefor. U.S. 3,330,230; filed June 14, 1965; issued July 11, 1967. This apparatus includes a main vertically-cylindrical furnace body with fire and ash holes, and having numerous hemispherical dents on the walls. Refuse containing water may be dried by the action of flames which rise from the fire grate and are intercepted by the dents, thus reflecting light. Dried refuse drops gradually to the fire grate and prevents choking of the grate by a heavy single batch of refuse. A re-combustor is a long flue section which burns refuse soaked with oil or chemicals. The refuse destructor automatically crushes clinkers deposited on the fire grate. Refuse is deposited from a truck into the furnace. Problems of smoke and soot are solved because combustible gas or smoke is not exhausted directly through the smoke stack, but is reburnt as it moves US-0316 Siracusa, G. Garbage disposal system; U.S. 3,357,380; filed Dec. 22, 1965; issued Dec. 12, 1967. This method disposes of garbage, refuse, and similar waste without pollution of water supplies and atmosphere. Garbage is first loosened to break it up so that some of the noncombustible material such as iron may be removed by magnets. The garbage is then compressed and crushed to squeeze out a large part of the liquid contained. Shredding next occurs to reduce the wastes further and drive out any remaining liquid. The small particles of refuse are then blown by a stream of air 32 16 143 ------- Incineration into the the burning zone of an incinerator. In the burning zone, they are burned while in suspension with sufficient air so that the combustion is complete. The airstream through the incinerator produces a draft which carries the smoke and fine ash from the incinerator into a washing chamber having a serpentine path. Here through the path the smoke and ash are washed by water sprays. US-0317 Blatchford, J. K. (Whirlpool Corporation), Disposer for combustible and metal refuse. U.S. 3,396,682; filed Jan. 5, 1967; issued Aug. 13, 1968. This incinerator burns municipal garbage and decomposes the metal refuse normally found in such municipal waste. The trash and refuse are charged into the incinerator where combustion of the material occurs. Any non-combustible refuse mixed in with the garbage is allowed to fall onto a grate at the bottom of the furnace. Once, the incineration process has been completed, the metal refuse found on the grate is transferred to a tank. The tank contains chemicals which decompose the metal refuse. After the decomposition of the refuse is accomplished, the chemicals in the tank are recovered for future use. US-0318 Tada, M. Apparatus for continuously burning wastes. U.S. 3,397,657; filed Oct. 25, 1966; issued Aug. 20, 1968. This incinerator burns the inflammable wastes contained in municipal refuse and, at the same time, is equipped to discharge non-inflammable material in a. continuous manner. The upright chamber has a transversely arranged flow plate which supports a fluidized medium. Refuse is deposited in the medium. The inflammable material is consumed while the i "•• non-combustible waste flows down the flow plate to an outlet opening. The waste moves through a discharge to an aeration pipe where pressurized air separates the non-burnable material from the fluidized medium. The fluidized medium is recycled to the main combustion chamber. US-0319 Denig, F. Method and apparatus for incinerating combustible refuse, rubbish and miscellaneous waste organic material. U.S. 3,403,643; filed Apr. 14, 1967; issued Oct. 1, 1968. This refuse disposal plant combines the operations of an incinerator and an oxygen generating plant with those of an energy 144 ------- recovery plant to promote the efficient elimination of municipal refuse. Nitrogen is removed from air to form oxygen enriched air having an oxygen content in the range of 25 to 50 percent. Within the incinerator, garbage COLLECTING AND TRANSPORTING REFUSE TO INCINERATOR WEIGHING REFUSE DUMPING REFUSE INTO COLLECTING PIT 1 PREDRYING MAKING STEAM J 1 GAS CLEANING (WET OR DRY) DISCHARGING GAS TO ATMOSPHERE SORTING AND 1 [ SEGREGATING REFUSE \\ \| CHARGING HOPPER Of \| INCINERATOR \| J 1 COOLING ASHES \| COLLECTING ASHES 1 DISPOSING ASHES 1 SALVAGING USEFUL MATERIALS 1 DISPOSING OF SALVAGED MATERIALS nratHRfn rn IK^IWFRATF REFUSE T1 // U. is c^5! i\ l=>\ tfSLb A Vr and trash are burned, and the oxygen-enriched air acts to consume any malodorous gases and to insure that complete combustion occurs. Since the incinerator operates with a high flame temperature and with only a small volume of exhaust gases, the heat generated during the combustion process can be utilized through the operation of an energy recovery plant. US0320 Ankerson, B. R. Incinerator. U.S. 3,404,643; filed Dec. 15, 1966; issued Oct. 8, 1966. This refuse disposal plant burns the combustible elements of municipal refuse while, at the same time, converting any non-combustible components to a sterile residue which may be sold commercially, The refuse-collecting trucks deposit garbage in a receiving and charging hopper. The hopper operates to receive, and then to charge the refuse into the furnace on a continuous basis. As the refuse is loaded into the main combustion chamber, it is mixed with a forced air stream. This air promotes the complete combustion of the garbage at temperatures in the range of from 2,500 to 3,000 F. The incombustible material is melted so that it falls from the rotating hearth to a well where it accumulates as a molten slag. The slag is transferred to a quench tank, where it is crystallized to form a granular, homogeneous material which is pure and sanitary. Any fly ash produced during combustion is melted when it contacts the refractory surfaces of the roof. The melted residue falls into the well where it combines with the other molten slag. The stack through which the clean flue gases pass may be fitted with a scrubber so that 145 ------- Incineration virtually all partlculate matter is eliminated from the gases exhausted into the atmosphere. When the incinerator is operated at less than full capacity, a combustion gas such as natural gas can be used to maintain the proper combustion temperature. US0321 Pantoja, E. V. Waste incinerator. U.S. 3,408,968; filed Feb. 13, 1967; issued Nov. 5, 1968. This waste incinerator is particularly applicable to the incineration of large amounts of garbage. It comprises a housing with sheet metal. The housing is divided into a lower and upper portion for greater combustion efficiency. The interior of the incinerator contains a number of chambers each serving a specific purpose. The grates which extend between the central post and the wall of the inner enclosure of the incinerator are vaulted, supported at one end on one of the faces of the central post and at the other end on the :Lnner surfaces of the walls of the inner enclosure. The central vertical post is provided with a hollow axial bore communicating at its lower end with fresh air inlets. The charging mouth of the incinerator is located on top of a pyramidal section of the housings. US-0322 Dvirka, M., and A. B. Zanft (Hagan Industries, Inc.), Incinerator. U.S. 3,416,469; filed Nov. 25, 1966; issued Dec. 17, 1968. built in supported relationship to a metal frame, and brick walls which may be lined This incinerator burns the combustible elements of municipal refuse and is equipped to handle bulky residue which might otherwise disrupt its operation. A grate transports the waste through the main combustion chamber and moves any unburned residue to a primary 146 ------- residue chamber. Within that compartment the residue is separated according to predetermined size requirements with the smaller particles being transferred to a second combustion chamber while the larger lumps are removed from the incinerator. US-0323 Stefanyk, M. Municipal incinerator. U.S. 3,431,872; filed May 8, 1967; issued Mar. 11, 1969. Refuse is brought to the incinerator building in trucks which are emptied into either one of two chambers. The doors of the chambers are accessible from the floor on which the truck is driven into the building. One such receiving chamber is adapted to be closed and utilized for the burning of refuse while the other is being charged with fresh material. At the completion of the burning operation, the empty chamber is then charged while the material in the charged chamber is subjected to a burning operation. The chamber includes a hearth for supporting the refuse having a set of stationary grate bars, a set of movable grate bars, and a number of air conduits to distribute the refuse through the hearth. Second and third chambers for secondary combustion and cleansing the products of combustion are provided. The incinerator can be constructed to burn 500 cu yd in one loading. The entire operation may be performed with one or two men and refuse storage is eliminated. The need for a high chimney is eliminated due to the fact that smoke and gases are burned in the second chamber and then washed in a set collector where ash and solid particles are substantially entirely removed. US-0324 Sharpe, P. S. (Brule Incinerator Corporation), Modular incinerator construction. U.S. 3,446,163; filed Dec. 7, 1967; issued May 27, 1969. A multi-section incinerator is made up of modules of a conventional height, width, breadth, and weight for ease of shipment to the site where the assembled incinerator is be located. The modules are so constructed that each is a separate, independent member to that may be easily assembled in co-acting relationship to form an integral unit. Therefore, the off-site, in-plant construction of large incinerator units made up of modules provides a superior construction more economically than has been previously available, The incinerator is comprised of a burner chamber, an ash pit section, an upper combustion chamber, and a lower combustion chamber. US-0325 Ankersen, B. R. Incinerators and methods of incineration. U.S. 3,457,883; filed May 8, 1967; issued July 29, 1969. An incinerator for garbage has a main combustion chamber and a means for shredding and feeding garbage tangentially into the main combustion chamber to cause a downward vortex. A primary combustion chamber, fired by a high calorific fuel, opens into the main chamber to provide a high temperature area. A secondary combustion chamber connected to the top of the main chamber receives products of combustion and unconsumed particles to complete combustion. A vortex zone receives the products of combustion from the secondary combustion chamber connected to the top of the chamber where heat is extracted from the products of combustion and a scrubber receives the cooled combustion products for cleaning and discharge to the air. A clean, sterile residue material is produced which may be sold for many useful purposes. Fly ash and fumes are not issued from the stacks and the storage of refuse and garbage is eliminated. The heat energy from the burning 147 ------- Incineration waste can be converted into steam and/or electrical energy at a low expenditure of additional equipment. The system is equipped for handling any and all sizes and types of refuse including dead domestic animals, rubber tires, refrigerators, stoves, hot water heaters, and parts of automobiles. US-0326 Siracusa, G. Garbage disposal system. U.S. 3,473,494; filed Oct. 12, 1967; issued Oct. 21, 1969. ^ K3ST8 ,. ,' r« „ • ^ti^^zi An apparatus and method for disposing of garbage and similar refuse includes separating at least some of the noncombustible material from the refuse and shredding the combustible part. This reduces the refuse to pieces of small size to facilitate burning. The reduced refuse is conveyed into an incinerator which has been heated to a predetermined temperature where the reduced refuse supports combustion. The bottom of the incinerator is provided with a conveyor and the ashes resulting from the turning of the reduced refuse drop into the conveyor housing to be moved to a suitable storage space. The wall structure is shaped to enhance the draft by which the gases of combustion and suspended ash are moved from the incinerator and into a settler chamber from which they are transported by suction into a first washing tank. From here they are moved into a second washing tank and then to the atmosphere. US-0327 Smith, W. C., and D. Free (Rader Pneumatics and Engineering Company, Ltd.), Waste incineration process. U.S. 3,478,707; filed Feb. 26, 1968; issued Nov. 18, 1969. Industrial and residential waste is placed in a pit, covered with granular inert material, and ignited. Combustion is supported by feeding air beneath the waste pile, and gases escaping through the inert material are conducted to an afterburner to burn combustibles and then to scrubbers. The inert material layer confines the fly ash and permits effective destruction of waste by confining the heat. The pit is preferably arranged so that the waste can be dumped directly from collecting trucks. The layer of inert material, such as gravel, covers the waste material with a layer between 1 ft and 3 ft in thickness. The pit may consist of a four-sided chamber having vertical side walls of gas-impermeable, heat resistant materials. 148 ------- US-0328 Wunderley, J. M, Apparatus for thermal decomposition of mixed city refuse. U.S. 3,481,290; filed June 26, 1968; issued Dec. 2, 1969. Thermal decomposition of mixed refuse, as collected by a municipality or other agency, employs a high temperature flame, fueled by oxygen, directly contacting the refuse as received within an incinerator. The combustible matter is reduced to residual ash and the noncombustible matter such as metal, glass, etc. is melted and separately withdrawn from the incinerator. The operation is continuous and the refuse is fed to the. incinerator at intervals to maintain a substantially uniform volume of refuse within the combustion chamber. The refractory lined vertical shaft furnace provides a flame temperature of about 3,000 F. A suitable hood overlying the top of the shaft furnace discharges the gaseous products of combustion to a suitable precipitator to remove solids. Rotary Furnaces US-0329 Ramstack, R. J. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company), Incinerator kiln construction. U.S. 3,152,796; filed May 6, 1963; issued Oct. 13, 1964. A horizontal rotary kiln assembly may be assembled from two types of components. One type of component is an open-end cylinder with an impervious cylindrical wall. The other type has a number of louvers arranged along the entire length. Each component, of both types, has an annular ring on each end of the component. Each such ring on the upstream end of a section (the end intended to be nearest the kiln feed end) is provided with a configuration that is compatible to mate with a ring on the downstream end of any section of either type. The downstream end is the end nearest the kiln discharge end. The components are arranged in axial alignment and assembled with adjacent joints being detachably connected together to define a kiln having a number of components of the first type, and at least one component of the second type, connected together in a predetermined axially extending arrangement. US-0330 Klovers, E. J., and H. W. Winter (Allis- Chalmers Manufacturing Company.), Incineration apparatus. U.S. 3,242,888; filed May 6, 1963; issued Mar. 29, 1966. A rotary kiln apparatus for incinerating refuse materials consists of a tubular structure defining a feed end and a discharge end, and containing several connected zones through which the material is passed. The first zone adjacent to the feed end has an impervious inner surface. The second zone, which adjoins the first, has a wall with a multitude of louvered openings through which oxidizing gas enters the chamber and stimulates combustion in it. The second zone connects to the third zone which has an axial length and an inner diameter at least equal to those of the second zone. The inner surface is, however, impervious. This section can be rotated about a central axis. The louvers project tangentially outward from the inner circumference of the second zone, and then diverge from the first portions of adjacent louvers to create an inwardly directed tapered nozzle passage. A second flat portion projects 149 ------- Incineration radially outward from the outer edge of each of the louver first sections, thus defining an inlet passage to each of the nozzle passages. The inner surface of the third zone is refractory and reflects heat radiated from the burning material back to it, therefore maintaining combustion. US-0331 Hansen, R. D. (Dano Ingeniorforretning og Maskinfabrik Ingenior Kaj Petersen's Fond), Rotary furnace for incinerating house refuse, industrial refuse, and other waste materials. U.S. 3,323,474; filed Nov. 12, 1964; issued June 6, 1967. A rotary furnace for the incineration of waste has a rotatable furnace shell which rotates on a horizontal axis, and a partition which divides the interior into at least two chambers (one with an inlet, one with an outlet). Combustion can either be effected in both chambers, or drying and combustion treatments can be effected in both chambers, or drying and combustion treatments can be handled (one for each). Extra heat can be supplied and waste gases removed at the chamber connection points, depending on what is to be incinerated, for better combustion. Numerous modifications on this rotary furnace are possible. US-0332 Matteini, S. Solid trash drying and incinerating furnace. U.S. 3,357,382; filed Feb. 14, 1966; issued Dec. 12, 1967. This trash incinerator is provided with a rotary cylindrical casing (a drying zone) , and another rotary casing (a combustion zone) . Wet material is discharged into a hopper and fed continuously to the drying zone where it is mixed with gases presett, and heated and dried without igniting. The dried material is then passed in countercurrent heat exchange to a combustion zone by rotation, where, due to the temperature therein, the material is ignited by combustion of preceding material. It is possible to rotate the drying and combustion zones at the same speed. Maintenance costs involved in the operation are kept at a minimum. US-0333 Mutchler, P. A. (American Air Filter Company, Inc.), Refuse incinerator. U.S. 3,376,833; filed Dec. 16, 1966; issued Apr. 9, 1968. In this device, the liquid and solid portions of refuse are separated, part of the solids dried, dried solids burned, and part of the 150 ------- liquid evaporated. The incinerator is light weight, and can be mounted on a standard vehicle for portable movement, while eliminating foul odors. A rotating drum has spaced holes to help drain liquid from the wet garbage; a collector is located nearby to collect the liquid. Heat is sent to the drum to help remove moisture from wet refuse and burn the combustible components of the refuse. Gases which are emitted from this combustion are directed into the liquid collector device to evaporate these liquids. Combustible components of the gases are also burned. This rotary incinerator has an outlet and an inlet at opposite ends. The incinerator inner shell has a refractory brick lining, including numerous projecting bricks at spaced intervals around the chamber. These projections represent pushing blades or ribs and also have air supply nozzles which open into the incinerator. The ribs enhance intermixture and revolution of wastes, the air passages send air in to help combustion. Problems have been solved which make it possible to effect complete combustion of refuse at a low enough temperature to avoid sintering and caking of metallic elements of refuse matter. Minimal air is required so flue gas escape is low. US-0334 Nilsson, N. F. (Aktiebolaget Landsverk), Rotary incinerator for waste and refuse matter. U.S. 3,380,407; filed Sept. 2, 1966; issued Apr. 30, 1968. US-0335 Becker, F., and F. Brinkmann. Refuse burning installations. U.S. 3,405,667; filed Dec. 29, 1965; issued Oct. 15, 1968. A refuse burning plant comprises a rotary kiln, means for charging refuse into one end of the kiln, ash removing means at the other end, a burner, flue means for preheating air needed for combustion, means for removing dust, and separate vehicles on which installations are mounted with disconnectable connections between adjacent parts of these installations. An open chute is provided in the combustion chamber for supporting the refuse moved by a screw conveyor which forms part of the charging means. The structure features a housing on the ash exit end of the kiln and defines an annular space between it and the ash exit end of the kiln, and means for spraying water into this space, the water passing into a pan. (0 & 151 ------- Incineration US 0336 Maurice, P. (La Soudure Autogene Francaise), Continuous operation waste incinerator. U.S. 3,408,969; filed Oct. 11, 1965; issued Nov. 5, 1968. A novel type of revolving incinerator is provided together with a method for its operation, which is designed to improve incinerating processes and the thermal efficiency of waste incineration. The incinerator has the appearance of a revolving cylinder with a horizontal axis. The steel sleeve is lined on the interior with a refractory concrete layer (or some other heat-insulating lining) inside which are distributed a number of compartments containing grates. These grates are located in the upper portion of each compartment and are made of stacks of heat-resisting wire nets. When the incinerator revolves, the waste introduced into those grates in the front portion of the apparatus tends to form a bank. When the incinerator revolves, the ashes and dust which have gone through the gratings tend to move towards the rear portion of the apparatus. Deflectors on the radially inner sides of the inner walls are so arranged as to direct waste outwards. US-0337 Matteini, S. Trash incinerator rotary furnace. U.S. 3,412,697; filed Feb. 2, 1967; issued Nov. 26, 1968. A rotary trash incinerator has a tubular body for rotating in opposite directions about a horizontal axis. A stationary end member features a loading hopper, an unloading door, 10 8r \...---t •--.--» ZZ2"" "" and smoke draught device for removing the smoke from the combustion chamber. A number of longitudinally-extending helical material distributing projections are secured to the inner surface of the tubular body and extend inwardly from it, and a number of axially extending projections are also secured to the inner surface and exte:nd inwardly into the combustion chamber. The body is perforated about the circumference forming a grate-like surface within the interior of the combustion chamber. A stationary shell forms a collection chamber for receiving ash passing through the peTforated section from the combustion chamber. The walls forming the collecting chamber are provided with openings for admitting air into the collecting chamber where the ash is heated by the means provided for ignition. US-0338 Meller, F. H., and C. Morse Incorporated), L. Swanson (Fairbanks Incinerator. U.S. 3,418,952; filed Apr. 10, 1967; issued Dec. 1968. 31, This incinerator destroys sewage solids, garbage, and industrial waste End is designed for use in homes, offices, and industrial buildings, and on military installations and ships. The wastes are dried and then fed into a combustion chamber. The chamber includes a rotatable firebox in which the waste materials are deposited. During combustion, an agitator churns the waste while a burner directs a flame at the firebox. Any gases which evolve from the burning waste are subjected to the burner flame. When the combustion cycle has been completed, the fire-box is rotated and the ash residue is 152 ------- discharged into a disposal chamber. A charge of waste material may be retained above the combustion chamber to utilize the generated heat for drying purposes. Traveling Grates US-0339 Johnson, P. J. Incinerator. U.S. 3,455,257; filed Oct. 6, 1967; issued July 15, 1969. /O 7C An incinerator is designed so that combustible materials such as papers, cardboard, garbage, and other trash may be burned and non-combustible trash, such as metal cans, metal closure elements may be charged for disintegration. In the continuous sequence, practically all domestic trash and garbage may be disposed of in an economical manner. The incinerating device consists of a housing, a truncated, conical, and perforated shell supported for rotation in the housing. The shell has a charging opening at one end and discharging opening at the other end. There is a combustion device on the interior of the shell, means of rotating the shell and controlling the rotating. Glass is disintegrated by being sprayed with cold water and other non-combustible material, such as metal cans, is advanced to a cylinder equipped to disintegrate the cans. Glass may also shatter against the baffles. US-0340 Ferro, T., and M. M. Manov (Oakland Scavenger Company), Traveling grate incinerator for city refuse and the like. U.S. 2,481,504; filed Apr. 22, 1944; issued Sept. 13, 1949. This garbage incinerator, characterized by its traveling grate construction, is able to handle a large capacity of material efficiently. On a 16-ton per hr average, this apparatus completely burns city garbage, kitchen refuse, and community wastes, without smoke. Results are due to the arrangement of a series of traveling grates in stepwise succession and means for distributing combustion air throughout the unit. Uncombusted solids, carried in suspension, eventually settle and become redeposited on the grates for further incinerating action. Garbage is progressively advanced through the furnace on each grate at a uniform speed until its final discharge as ash and clinker from the last grate. This final grate is adjacent to the source of heat provided by oil or gas burners. The distribution device which spreads garbage out on the receiving grate is an important part of this invention. US-0341 Knipping, R. H. Garbage incinerator. U.S. 2,577,659; filed Oct. 9, 1947; issued Dec. 4, 1951. 'Free' garbage, which has not been subjected to processing, separating, or classifying previously, is handled by this incinerator. All combustibles can be burned; non-combustible separation means are also provided. Dehydration means are employed to dry out wet garbage for more efficient combustion. The invention accomplishes this by an arrangement where heated products of combustion are conducted into contact with 153 ------- Incineration incoming garbage, to extract moisture from this garbage. An improved infeed conveyor system carries untreated garbage along to a hopper, during which time the material is heated somewhat. The garbage falls by gravity into the rear end of a rotary drier where it is tumbled and agitated while hot combustion products fLow through. Dehydrated garbage then falls by gravity to a traveling grate where burning continues. Ash and non-combustibles are separated by a screen and conveyed to different points by screen and ash conveyors, respectively. ^^^^^^-^^^^g^^^^^-v^;!^ US-0342 Turner, J. F., and C. P. Breidenbaugh (Flynn and Emrich Company), Refuse burning furnace. U.S. 2,777,406; filed Aug. 11, 1952; issued Jan 15, 1957. Fifty percent more refuse can be consumed in this furnace than in others of similar size. Heat can be retained within because the incinerator is not opened to remove ash. Forward feeding grate bars can be used to break up masses of material which might form clinkers; combination is facilitated and is more complete. Non-con'bustibles fall from the dump grate to the ashpit below for removal. Grate bars are wide to more easily move soggy 154 ------- material and large refuse. The grate surface out in the warmest part of the furnace prior slopes down so wet material can be quickly dried to combustion. US-0343 Ferriss, F., and J. R. Gainfort (F. Ferriss, J, R. Gainfort, R. Francioni, F. L. Pinola, G, Gasparini, and W. Brosch) , Garbage, trash and sludge disposal. U.S. 2,879,726, filed Nov. 4, 1955; issued Mar. 31, 1959. Garbage and trash are burned on a rectangular traveling grate under which air is forced up in varying amounts. A refractory reverberatory hearth extends over the rear two-thirds of the grate. Gaseous products of combustion facilitate preliminary drying of the materials before tiiey enter the hearth, since the gases flow to the rear. The gases pass through a fly ash precipitation chamber and then through the meshes of a sludge drying and combustion screen. The sludge is fed at the top of the rearward sloping screen, and therefore passes through the gases which often reach temperatures of 1 ,800 F. The screen, whose open spaces comprise a greater area than its solid areas, is an endless grate conveyor in the form of a chain belt that extends across almost all of the path of the gases. As the belt operates, sludge is deposited on the screen, which has reached a temperature corresponding to red heat, and adheres to it immediately. The sludge then combusts without the emission of significant amounts of dust, smoke, or fumes. 155 ------- Incineration US-0344 Markle, H. A., and J. H. Morrow (Fuller Company), Incinerator for waste material. U.S. 3,016,849; filed Aug. 18, 1959; issued Jan. 16, 1962. An incinerator has a horizontally disposed treating and conveying chamber with material inlet and gas outlet opposite each other, an J air inlet in a lower region, and a burned material outlet. The chamber is divided into upper and lower subchambers by an arrangement of grates. A row of movable grates reciprocates with a row of stationary grates to cause material to cascade down to a discharge hopper. Air or oxygen-containing gas is supplied to air-supply compartments of the lower subchamber to support combustion. US-0345 Rivers, R. C. (Riley Stoker Corporation), Traveling grate incinerator. U.S. 3,169,498; filed Mar. 14, 1961; issued Feb. 16, 1965. An incinerator is used for burning refuse. A furnace includes a conditioning section upon which the refuse is first introduced. There is also a conditioning section having an lower end of the inclined grate in a position overlying one end of trie horizontal grate. Both of these grates have air chambers, and at least one of the legs is in the form of a conduit joining the two air chambers and also providing a means for introducing combustion air into one of the chambers. At least part of the combustion air passes through one of the legs to the other chamber. US-0346 Mallard, J. K. Incinerator. U.S. 3,326,150; filed Sept. 8, 1965; issued June 20, 1967. This system includes an incinerator for burning and reducing waste to ash and disposal means for the residue. Apparatus for processing the material, injecting it into the inclined traveling grate. There is a burning section in the furnace, having a horizontal traveling grate. Vertical legs support the incinerator, and removing the ash and residue in a continuous process are included. Waste is received from a collection vehicle, is separated to encourage combustion, and discharged into an incinerator, where air is added to assist the burning operation. A means to convert water to steam as a by-product of incineration is provided. The incinerator grate is movable to discharge unburned residue and has means to introduce air or oxygen for combustion purposes within the incinerator. Temperatures reach about 3,000 F and to take advantage of this heat, a series of pipes carry water which is converted to steam by heated gases within the incinerator. It is desirable to locate the system on a hillside since the delivery building and transfer apparatus are above the incinerator base. 156 ------- US-0347 Connell, J. M. (Foster Wheeler Corporation), Refuse disposal system. U.S. 3,393,652; filed Oct. 7, 1966; issued July 23, 1968. This steam generating unit is adapted for the combustion of ordinary household refuse. The combustion chamber of the incinerator is provided with an inclined feeding grate, and the combustion flame is localized close to the refuse to promote further combustion. All of the walls, and the roof of the furnace, are water-cooled. The construction of the chamber comprises on all-welded integral finned tube which is gas tight. Since only a limited amount of combustion air is introduced, the fans, furnace volume, off-takes, fly ash collectors, and stacks are limited to reasonable dimensions. Within the combustion chamber, a primary burning section opens into an upright furnace in which the gas temperatures are reduced to design temperatures of the heat recovery section. US-0348 Guy, M. F. (Detroit Stoker Company), Incinerator construction. U.S. 3,395,655; filed Aug. 29, 1966; issued Aug. 6, 1968. This incinerator burns refuse and trash while retarding the formation of side wall slag and clinkers. The refuse is burned as it moves along a reciprocating grate structure. The combustion air is fed to the top and the bottom of the grates through a number of nozzles located along the side walls. This air acts to cool the side walls and to supply the oxygen needed for combustion. The system of tuyeres supplies air from a central source to the combustion chamber and acts to prevent the side wall temperature from becoming excessive. 157 ------- Incineration US 0349 Ruzika, J. W. (Nichols Engineering and Research Corporation), Method and apparatus for incinerating waste material. U.S. 3,457,882; filed Mar. 8, 1968; issued July 29, 1969. This incineration system is particularly adapted for the incineration of municipal, city, or community garbage, trash, or refuse. Certain desirable aspects of the batch type of incinerators are retained as well as certain desirable aspects of the traveling grate type of incinerator. A continuous conveyor is mounted within a duct, the duct being of dimensions and aperture such that during operation of the apparatus the material in it normally bridges across and plugs the duct to prevent the flow of undesired cold air through the duct into the combustion zone. A chute is positioned adjacent to the outlet of the duct and a furnace chamber is positioned under the chute. Grate and hearth devices are disposed in the furnace chamber. An ash hopper mounted below the grate and the chamber is provided with a flue for the discharge of combustion gases. US-0350 Simpson, F. S. (Illinois Stoker Company), Refuse incinerator. U.S. 3,473,493; filed Sept. 15, 1967; issued Oct. 21, 1969. 168 ------- A refuse Incinerator of the endless chain grate type has a chain grate system with three sections arranged in horizontally and vertically stepped relationship with the middle section adapted to operate in the reverse direction from the other two sections. The refuse is therefore moved in countercurrent relationship to the movement of refuse on the other two sections when it is desired to tumble the refuse. The middle section is also bodily movable to vary the degree of its underlap and overlap with respect to the other two sections, depending upon the character of the refuse being burned at the site. The method of agitating a bed of refuse as it moves through the incinerator provides that loose bits of refuse are not lifted or blown out of the bed and into the superambient atmosphere. The incinerator consists of a combustion chamber having an input end and an ash end and a chain grate device for moving refuse from the input end toward the ash end while undergoing combustion. Residue Handling and Cleaning US-0351 Kay, D. Purification of incinerator gases. U.S. 2,678,616; filed Feb. 14, 1952; issued May 18, 1954. I 21 Air contamination resulting from combustion is eliminated by a device which includes an opening in the stack coming from the fire box. The opening is provided at a level well above the fire box. The gases of combustion and the smoke are led out of the stack through the opening by a suitable duct. The duct communicates with a mechanical separator for fly ash control. The smoke is led from the separator through a blower which maintains the draught in the stack at a constant velocity. The blower forces the smoke through the duct into a heater unit. Smoke passing through is maintained at a constant temperature so as to achieve the maximum efficiency from the precipitator, ozonorator, or heat medium which burns the particles remaining in the smoke. The gases remaining are returned to the stack and allowed to enter the atmosphere. US-0352 Miller, E. C., and L. V. Andrews (Riley Stoker Corporation), Fly-ash reinjection, U.S. 2,750,903; filed May 22, 1952; issued June 19, 1956. f> ' JJ ' This apparatus causes fly ash and cinders collected in a steam generating unit to be passed through the combustion chamber to effect more complete combustion. In such a unit, the material collected in hoppers and dust collectors must be reinjected into the combustion chamber. This is due to the high percentage of unburned carbon left, which would cause the unit to be inefficient if left in that state. The principal problem involves the recirculation of particles with little or no carbons which cause wear on the furnace and an increase in the dust emission. Therefore, this reinjection system returns only high-carbon 159 ------- Incineration contact particles to the furnace, provides for the disposal of all excess fly ash unable to be handled, and separates light from heavy particles. Separators of the gravity and magnetic type are employed in this device. Problems of ash removal In domestic incinerators are solved in this ash detection means. Automatic means for determining the need for ash removal are provided., Ashes resulting from combustion fall into a bottom ash pan, US0353 Miller, E. C. (Riley Stoker Corporation), Fuel burning apparatus, U.S. 2,895,436, filed Jan. 23, 1956; issued July 21, 1959. EL This apparatus is designed to return fly ash to the main combustion chamber of a steam generating unit. Novel means are provided for distributing fly ash onto one end of a grate. A spreader stoker fires onto an oscillating grate; fly ash is reinjected in such a way as to eliminate its rise in the furnace. Waste fuel passes through a pipeline to the spreader stoker and is projected to the combustion chamber. Combustion products pass up into the boiler for heat exchange to the boiler tubes. From there they pass to the dust collector where dust and combustion gas are separated. Fly ash is recirculated and injected back in for more combustion of unburned material. which has means for determining and reducing the volume of ashes within. These means are a roller which exerts a compacting force on ashes to reduce material approximately 65 percent. The ash pan be easily removed from the incinerator when filled to capacity. US-0354 Van Der Aue, C. R. (Whirlpool Corporation), Incinerator ash reducer. U.S. 3,027,855; filed Apr. 18, 1958; issued Apr. 3, 1962. US-0355 Mustee, B. E. (E. L. Kustee and Sons, Inc.), Incinerator ash shaker. U.S. 3,123,026; filed May 19, 1961; issued Mar. 3, 1964. This ash shaking assembly for domestic incinerators is operable by a handle accessible to an operator standing nearby. This handle is movable along its axis. A novel feature of 160 ------- this device is the ease with which a burner may be removed or replaced in the incinerator. The burner cover is a cantilever beam which terminates short of the rear end of the base plate. It is therefore easy to reach through and remove the burner through the opening. There is no need to detach the grate. -1 US-0356 Evans, T. E. Incinerator with afterburner. U.S. 3,259,083; filed June 11, 1963; issued July 5, 1966. The afterburner on this incinerator consumes all smoke and combustion by-products. The total unit may be located adjacent to or in a residential or business section without rrn 713 ^^aa/e creating a nuisance. A trash and garbage incinerator of the conveyor type operates in conjunction with an afterburner and settling chamber; the afterburner chamber is of large size, with walls formed or radiant heat units to maintain a 2,100 F temperature for complete consumption of all smoke and odor products. The combustion chamber retains a somewhat lower, 1,500 F temperature due to action of a blower which provides a forced draft. US0357 GodeJ, A, Combustion process and apparatus. U.S. 3,302,598; filed Jan. 13, 1965; issued Feb. 7, 1967. A process and apparatus for post-combustion in furnaces which use solid fuel is employed here, so as to attain calorific recovery of solid combustion residues. An auxiliary furnace is associated with a main furnace; clinkers and grit emerging from the main furnace fall into this auxilary unit; air is blown into the base of this unit and effects more complete combustion of this residue. All types of furnaces may be used: inclined grate, spreader-stoker type, conventional mechanical type, and pulverized-fuel furnaces. US-0358 Spencer, P. W. Incinerator and smoke abatement apparatus. U.S. 3,330,231; filed Feb. 28, 1964; issued July 11, 1967. The subject incinerator incorporates apparatus which prevents the generation of smoke, especially during the distillation and ignition periods just following charging, when the temperature is very high. Generally, temperatures within the incinerator may be carefully controlled at low levels. There are means for spraying water on top of the charge which are automatically controlled. This control depends on temperature sensors within 161 ------- Incineration the incinerator for its operation and keeps the temperature down, as well as abates smoke. most of the heat and smoke up for passage out through the outer exhaust stack. 36 US-0359 Hoskinson, G. H. (Cornell-Hoskinson Manufacturing Corporation), Waste products combustion apparatus. U.S. 3,355,254; filed Apr. 26, 1966; issued Nov. 28, 1967. Problems of smoke and obnoxious gases are eliminated with this burning apparatus. A heat exchange unit can be mounted on a fire burning apparatus thus providing a dual-purpose incinerator-heater unit. This heat exchange housing is constructed to facilitate the cleaning operation. A blower fan is positioned to pick up heat and smoke generated by burning to feed it to the heat exchanger. When not used as a heater, the unit may be solely used for incineration purposes. The blower should then remain at rest, thereby directing US-0360 Ford, L. M., and D. M. Franklin (Steelcraft Corporation) , Fly ash removal device for incinerators. U.S. 3,395,656; filed Jan. 30, 1967; issued Aug. 6, 1958. Fly ash and minute particles are removed from the products of combustion of an incinerator. The combustion chamber is surrounded by an outer skin, with a flue mounted upon the upper end of the combustion chamber. Noncombustible liquid under pressure is supplied to the upper part of the flue. The liquid is supplied by a pair of series of nozzles. One series of nozzles is placed vertically away from the other series. The nozzles of each series are positioned circumferentially in the same plane. Fly ash and the minute particles are wetted by this liquid as they pass 162 ------- through the flue with the products of combustion. The fly ash and particles are entrained by the liquid and are discharged with it. The discharged liquid with the entrained fly ash and particles is delivered down an open funnel of concentric louvers to a basin, where the liquid and entrained matter accumulate. The accumulations are drained from the basin. This process substantially increases the weight of refractory wall exposed to the combustion process, and a spaced, outer wall. The incinerator has an outlet for the hot, dirty combustion gases to leave the furnace and enter the scrubber. The scrubber has water sprays to reduce the temperature of the gases, and to remove the impurities from the gases. The cleaned, moisture-laden gases exhausting from the wet scrubber are passed through the space between the double incinerator walls before being discharged to the atmosphere. This not only cools the refractory lined wall of the incinerator, but also raises the temperature of the saturated gases. This reduces the possibility of a visible steam plume. the free particles in the flue gases. This allows the saturated particles to drop more rapidly into the catch basin and therefore away from the incinerator, where they cannot be ignited. This decreases the possibility of transmitting combustible materials to other structures in the vicinity of the incinerator. US 0361 Kalika, P. W. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.), Combination incinerator and wet scrubber arrangement. U.S. 3,420,295; filed Aug. 24, 1967; issued Jan. 7, 1969. A combination incinerator and wet scrubber incorporates an incinerator having an inner US-0362 White, J. H. Effluent cleaner for waste burner. U.S. 3,442,232; filed Nov. 9, 1967; issued May 6, 1969. tocated above a furnace such as a waste lumber burner or an incinerator is an enclosure housing various cooperating structures arranged to receive the still-burning and burned effluent material. The material is directed through a predetermined sequence of quenching, scrubbing, and filtering steps culminating in the discharge to the atmosphere of gases substantially devoid of noxious compounds. The cleaner consists of a vertical, cylindrical jacket defining a main chamber, an exhaust stack, a number of flues connecting the main chamber to the exhaust stack, and a compressed air device for driving the waste effluent through the apparatus. Guide vanes direct the waste burner effluent. The spray from a 163 ------- Incineration number of spray producing nozzles removes impurities from the effluent. US-0363 Andersen, L. H. (Clean Air Waste Reduction), Incinerator having improved scrubber. U.S. 3,447,287; filed Dec. 18, 1967; issued June 3, 1969. A scrubber and dryer apparatus is designed to be useful in conjunction with municipal incinerators for the removal of fly ash from the gaseous combustion products. The scrubber comprises a chamber having surface-porous castable refractory piers in several rows, each row of which is staggered with respect to the proceeding row. The chamber widens from front to rear and the spacing between adjacent piers in each succeeding row decreases. The ash is trapped by impingement on a continuous curtain 164 ------- of water disposed at the inlet of the scrubber just upstream of the piers. Water to form the curtain is pumped in and gases carry the water downstream in relatively large droplets to impinge on the piers where the water and trapped ash flows off, The drying chamber consists of a deflecting arch, having openings, that directs the gases against the chamber walls so that water is stripped from them. The finally exhausted gases are substantially clear air, having a tested dust loading value of from 54 to 68 percent below the commonly accepted standard of 0.85 Ib dust per 1,000 Ib flue gas. J6- ,\|-- - - _ _^__-_ US-0364 Taylor, H. E., and D. R. Pearl (Combustion Engineering, Inc.), Incinerator draft control and vent valve. U.S. 3,447,493; filed Dec. 28, 1967; issued June 3, 1969. A combined incinerator and wet scrubber is designed so that the hot, dust-laden gases exiting from the incinerator are scrubbed and cleaned and then flow through the space enclosed by a double wall arrangement of the incinerator. A damper valve position in the duct between the incinerator and the wet scrubber maintains the incinerator at a predetermined partial vacuum during normal operation, and closes the duct when a predetermined maximum temperature is sensed downstream of the wet scrubber. The double-wall construction consists of an inner refractory lined wall and an outer metal casing. US-0365 Dvirka, M. (Hagan Industries), Incinerator and fly ash separator structure therefor. U.S. 3,448,704; filed July 8, 1966; issued June 10, 1969. In an incinerator, a structure for separating solid particles from combustion gases consists of a settling chamber including inlet and outlet passageways disposed relative to each other. Combustion gases passing through the settling chamber describe a curved path about a center of curvature disposed between the passageways, the outlet passageway having an inlet disposed sufficiently adjacent to the center of curvature so that the solid particles of the gases passing through the chamber migrate along involute paths, impinging on a wall of the chamber and developing a high 165 ------- Incineration pressure zone. The settling chamber has a relief passageway intercommunicating the high pressure zone of the settling chamber and the exhaust flue of the incinerator. US-0366 Fernandas, J. H. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.), Incinerator-gas turbine cycle. U.S. 3,473,331; filed Apr. A, 1968; issued Oct. 21, 1969. A method of removing impurities from the exhaust gases of an incinerator burning refuse consists of first passing the gases in a heat exchange relationship with compressed air. A portion of the exhaust gases is then recirculated back to the upper portion of the incinerator and the remainder of the gases then pass through the air pollution control equipment, such as a wet scrubber, where the gases are cleaned. The hot compressed air is used as the motive fluid in driving a gas turbine. In this way an efficient combination incinerator and gas turbine arrangement is provided. The system further incorporates the use of gas recirculation to cool the combustion gases leaving the incinerator to an acceptable 1,500 F before entering the heat exchanger. With the proposed system excess , requirements of quenching water and air have been reduced to a minimum. 166 ------- Supplementary Equipment US-0367 Ross, J. F. Combined incinerator and water heater construction. U.S. 2,891,519; filed Oct. 17, 1957; issued June 23', 1959. This combined apparatus embodies a low pressure boiler for heating hot water which includes an incinerator chamber and a fluid fuel fired heater chamber. The efficient, economical combination provides means for heating hot water portion of the tube being of a steel alloy of greater strength when heated than the remainder of the tube. This circumferential portion is subjected to intense radiant heat developed by a burning furnace. 10— by either burning refuse or fluid fuel (oil, gas). Improved boiler construction has a casing with two longitudinally spaced heating chambers. When garbage and refuse are burned, hot water tubes located in the incinerator and fuel-fired chambers are heated simultaneously. The tubes are so disposed as to effect the most efficient heat exchange which creates optimum hot water boiler results. US-0368 Argersinger, J. I. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.), Heat exchanger. U.S. 2,936,740; filed Dec. 6, 1956; issued May 17, 1960. This tubular heat exchanger is used for heating vapors. The tubes of this exchanger are bi-metallic with the circumferential 14- r 2 -14 US-0369 Clark, R. A. (Caloric Appliance Corporation), Time-controlled latch mechanism for an incinerator. U.S. 2,960,046; filed Dec. 12, 1958; issued Nov. 15, 1960. 167 ------- Incineration An incinerator for burning mixed refuse includes a combustion chamber and burner, an upper charging door to admit refuse, and a lower ash-receiving drawer. It is important to keep the charging door closed during burning to prevent danger to a person or damage to the door itself. The burner cannot be turned on except when the door is closed and vice versa. To insure further safety, a time control will control the function of the burner, not allowing it to turn off until complete combustion is effected. The charging door and ash-receiving drawer work together, so the locking of one automatically locks the other. protects the incinerator from being fouled up by the flow of fly ash. Electrical operating circuits permit the fan to operate along automatically without the burner. US-0371 McLouth, B. F. (Burn-Zol, Inc.), Incinerator. U.S. 3,166,033; filed April 25, 1961; issued Jan. 19, 1965. US-0370 Haedike, E. J. (Mid-Continent Metal Products Company), Incinerator burner control. U.S. 3,027,853; filed Aug. 26, 1959; issued Apr. 3, 1962. An improved burner assembly in this incinerator protects against adverse effects caused by self-ignition and combustion within the incinerator. This invention is used in a conventional incinerator and envisions a burner in a housing, a blower is mounted on it along with a temperature-responsive switch to operate the blower when the housing becomes overheated. The improved burner-blower 168 ------- This device is designed for charging a refuse-burning incinerator. Equipment of this nature lias been improved to withstand high incinerator temperatures without buckling or warping. The novel feed passage construction directs combustion air into the fire pot of the incinerator so that all portions of the feed passage are cooled to prevent damage. This combustion air is also preheated so as to cause improved combustion within the incinerator. The fire door is extremely rugged in construction and retains its capabilities though subjected to heat and regular opening and closing. provided, when excess heat becomes hazardous. The mechanism is inexpensive, foolproof in operation, and easy to install and maintain. US-0372 Carrigan, E. D., and L. 0. Doyle (Atlas Incinerators, Inc.), Safety device for incinerators. U.S. 3,245,368; filed July 31, 1963; issued Apr. 12, 1966. Incinerators connected to a building and fed from within would utilize the safety device featured here. In the tubular feeder sleeve between building and incinerator there is a self-closing door which is operable from within the wall structure. Also a fire door on the outer end may be located within the building. The fire door is usually open for feeding purposes, and the other door sometimes stays open. Heat may present a fire hazard if it stays open. A means for automatically closing the fire door under gravity is Vy^-X'/-/'/Af/r'/-// ------- Incineration A unique loading system and efficient combustion chamber with an afterburner is embodied in this incinerator. An exhaust system for treating and cooling exhaust gases is also featured. Power-operated loading means for a hopper is controlled by the incinerator door, whereby the door opens and closes automatically in response to the hopper door. Pressure-responsive means control the volume of combustion air carefully. The exhaust structure makes use of sprinkler means and flow-directing means which cause washing and cooling of upward flowing gases by flowing water from the sprinkler. An overload photo-electric eye mechanism alerts an operator when the loading hopper is loaded to capacity. US-0374 Sluiter, A. (Central Markets, Inc.), Incinerator heating system, U.S. 3,379,146; filed Mar. 18, 1966; issued Apr. 23, 1968. This apparatus utilizes heat generated from waste incineration to raise the temperature of a heat transfer fluid. This fluid is passed through a heat exchanger suspended in the upper part of the device to effect this operation. The heated fluid is transferred to a storage means and then circulated to a building heating device. The circulation of the heat transfer fluid to the heat exchanger is controlled by a flame-sensing device. A device of this nature would work well in buildings, such as supermarkets, where large quantities of waste.accumulate. Heat produced may be stored prior to use; supplementary US0375 Olsen, A. R. (Dresser Industries, Inc.), Air-cooled wall construction for incinerators. U.S. 3,380,409; filed June 13, 1966; issued Apr. 30, 1968. An air-cooled wall construction plan for refuse incinerators is proposed. The outer shell is of asbestos, metal, or similar material; a refractory wall fabricated of numerous courses of hollow refractory tile extends vertically from spaced structural supporting members. This construction allows a flow of air to circulate and cool the furnace. US-0376 Ford, L. M. (Steelcraft Corporation), Means for pre-heating air for introduction into incinerators. U.S. 3,396,683; filed June 21, 1967; issued Aug. 13, 1968. heating means are also supplied when waste-supplied heat is not sufficient. An incinerator is constructed such that it has an inner liner and an outer skin, and includes an air chamber between the two layers of the incinerator. External atmospheric air is admitted between the outer skin and the inner liner. This dissipates the external heat of the incinerator, while the air absorbs this heat, A duct is connected to this space between the outer skin and the inner liner of the incinerator so as to receive the pre-heated air. The duct is connected to a blower fan 170 ------- and communicates with the interior of the incinerator to deliver pre-heated air to the incinerator. The pre-heated air is provided through the grates of the incinerator, and facilitates the burning of refuse there. US-0377 Moegling, E. (Babcock and Wilcox, Ltd.), Refuse boiler in combination with a high pressure power station boiler. U.S. 3,397,677; filed Apr. 21, 1967; issued Aug. 20, 1968. A high pressure power electric generating system comprises a high pressure power boiler, a turbine, means for generating high pressure fluid in the boiler, means for passing the fluid from the boiler to the turbine, a flow circuit including both low and high pressure portions, a refuse burning boiler, and the means for generating low pressure fluid by the combustion of refuse. An indirect heat exchanger is located in the fluid flow circuit leading to the high pressure power boiler and by which the low pressure fluid is passed through this heat exchanger. Variations are described whereby the parallel circuit arrangement of the refuse boiler and the power boiler can be used. This variation applies to the low or high heat values of the waste material. A condenser is arranged in series relationship with the refuse boiler, in the event of shutdown of high pressure power system. US-0378 Christophel, R. L. (Shenandoah Manufacturing Company, Inc.), Gas burner assembly for incinerators. U.S. 3,420,613; filed Oct. 10, 1966; issued Jan. 7, 1969. A smooth-working assembly including a number of standard parts is provided by positioning the parts in such a space relationship as to avoid practically all of the many objections to gas burners for small outdoor incinerators. The primary purpose is to arrange the parts so that minimum attention need be given the assembly. A main gas burner is connected to a source of gas by a passageway having in it a safety valve for shutting off the flow of gas in the event of flame failure. The main gas burner has a discharge head and a pilot is located adjacent to that discharge head. The thermocouple is so positioned that it is energized not only from the adjacent pilot burner but also by the radiated heat from the main burner flame. There is a stabilizing shield to house the pilot and the thermocouple. US-0379 Hoskinson, G. H. (Cornell-Hoskinson Manufacturing Company), Trash burner charging apparatus. U.S. 3,428,198; filed Nov. 1, 1965; issued Feb. 18, 1969. A waste disposal cart for feeding waste material into a waste burning unit consists of a refuse receiving casing which is shiftable back and forth within wheeled frames. The cart further includes a pusher board construction which enables the refuse to be pushed forward from an open end of the casing into the burner. US-0380 Studler, A. R. Retort incinerator. U.S. 3,456,603; filed Oct. 24, 1967; issued July 22, 1969. A retort incinerator is adapted to receive and completely eradicate combustible waste materials 171 ------- Incineration which have been previously treated in a preliminary incinerator or furnace. It consists of a combustion chamber where the material is blown tangentially to create a whirling action. A burner is positioned horizontal to the floor of the retort and faces the same direction as the flow of the incoming waste material, further enhancing the whirling flow and simultaneously burning and disintegrating the wastes. The top portion of the chamber is designed to receive the whirling mass after a suitable pressure has been built up. Vent holes in the upper portion of the retort reduce the pressure and allow the wastes to be completely burned prior to exit through the stack. US-0381 Connell, J. M. , and W. A. Gardner (Foster Wheeler Corporation), Waste incinerator steam generator-flash evaporator desalination unit. U.S. 3,467,587; filed Jan. 5, 1966; issued Sept. 16, 1969. To partially offset the expense of incinerator operation, ancillary uses of the waste heat byproduct have been made. A combined incineration-desalination system utilizes a low cost and readily available local waste refuse as a fuel. The incinerator includes a broiler which generates steam. The desalination unit comprises a brine heater in which brackish water or sea water is heated by the steam from the boiler and a multistage flash evaporator in which the heated steam is flashed into vapor, the vapor then condersing as potable water. A portion of the potable water may be withdrawn from the multistage flash evaporator at the hottest portion supplying make-up feed water to the boiler, while the remainder of the potable water is withdrawn toward the cold end of the STEAM ~V? I7~~J$H3 5G , I97 "—1 ^ U 57, CST2V V/ ^-, '•• j \|, ^- -TV— -••'C "^36a fi° 172 ------- evaporator. A by-pass means is provided to assure continuous incinerator operation when the desalination unit is inoperative. The system can provide inexpensive waste disposal and enough potable water to meet plant requirements. Refuse disposal and potabJe water production operating costs are tabulated. US-0382 Luge, K. E., and W. Braun (Metallgesellschaft A.G.), Method for cooling the combustion gases of refuse incinerators. U.S. 3,477,203; filed May 1, 1968; issued Nov. 11, 1969. The hot combustion gases of refuse incinerators may be readily cooled prior to their treatment in electrostatic dust separators, without unduly affecting the dew point of such gases or unduly increasing the volume of gases to be treated in the separators. The essence of the process is a two-step system for cooling the hot combustion gases by first partially cooling the gases to about 600 C by spraying water into the gases in the furnace in such a way that the water is completely vaporized, and then by further cooling the gases outside the furnace to about 300 to 400 C with air. The cooling liquid, usually water, is injected into the furnace under such conditions that it becomes and remains completely vaporized in the furnace so as to prevent the formation of sludge in the furnace. The volume of the furnace has to be large enough so that at temperatures of 600 to 900 C there is adequate time for the water to be completely vaporized in the furnace while the hot gases are still present. The duration time is not long enough in order to cool the gases directly to a temperature of 300 to AOO C and therefore, it is necessary to further cool the gases with cool air. US-0383 Carson, A. B. (The Garrett Corporation), Transpiration-cooled incinerator. U.S. 3,478,706; filed Feb. 12, 1968; issued Nov. 18, 1969. The incinerator has composite walls consisting of an imperforate outer casing enclosing an inner casing formed with perforated walls spaced by a layer of air-pervious fireproof insulating means, such .as glass, metallic, or mineral fibers. The outer casing is spaced from the inner casing to form a manifold for receiving air under pressure which flows through the walls and insulation of the inner casing to support combustion and prevent outward flow of heat. The fibrous material functions first to reduce radiative heat flux, and second to permit inward air flow from the manifold to reduce heat flux by conduction through the fibers and convection through the wall. Elongated heat-dissipating elements yieldably space the inner and outer casings and the walls of the former are relatively movable so that the inner casing may expand and contract in response to thermal variations. Suitable shielding may be provided on or around the inner casing to dissipate the heat and prevent direct heat radiation from the inner casing to the walls of the outer casing. Ignition and smoke burners and an exhaust stack also receive air from the air manifold. The incinerator is mainly designed for incineration of wastes from military or other kitchens which serve large groups of people. US0384 Bakker, L., J. C. Conde, and E. D. Krumm (Air Preheater Company, Inc.), Loader for an incinerator. U.S. 3,486,644; filed Oct. 14, 1968; issued Dec. 30, 1969. This device feeds an incinerator with trash and refuse while preventing the unplanned 173 ------- Storage discharge of exhaust smoke. An arrangement of pivoted doors acts to prevent smoke leakage. One door covers the combustion chamber while the other door compacts trash in order to offer a substantial resistance to any escaping -37 fumes. Refuse is compressed in a confined passageway leading to the combustion chamber in order to resist the flow of gases which exhaust from the incinerator during the charging operation. STORAGE US-0385 Poulsen, A U.S. 2,411 1946. Low, relatively small carts are used as receptacles, and their contents are dumped into large trucks for transport elsewhere. Special use has been found for this apparatus in fields where bulky vegetables or similar materials are handled. The low carts are close enough to the ground to enable pickers to toss their material cuickly into the cart with minimum damage. Such an, arrangement would also be adaptable to refuse collection operations. US-0386 Lee, R. L. (S. and F. Company), Bag container. U.S. 2,631,629; filed Apr. 21, 1950; issued Mar. 1953. 17, E. Portable cart dumping apparatus. ,228; filed June 2, 1944; issued Nov. 19, l-ff This bag-type container has an elastic opening in the top and is adapted to be suspended from this opening. The bag is formed of a tube of plastic film material. The restricted elastic opening includes a loop member which is in the form of a cotton-covered elastic ribbon. An eyelet or grommet is applied to the bag immediately adjacent to the loop member so that the container can be suspended by a cord or a loop of tape. When the container is filled and suspended by the eyelet, the weight of the contents will be transmitted from the lower portion of the bag to the elastic loop member. US0387 Kelley, R. A. Receptacle closure. U.S. 2,685,983; filed Oct. 13, 1953; issued Aug. 1954. 10, 174 ------- A closure for waste receptacles can be pivotally mounted to the receptacle top. The closure device is a relatively flat plate being somewhat larger than the receptacles. A portion of the lid extends to the rear and •22 has several lugs. A unique hinge is attached to the rear of the can. The rear portion is disposed between two ears with lugs on each side. A rim on the closure mechanism interlocks with the rim of the receptacle. To open the receptacle, the lid is moved forward unlocking it and then it may be lifted. When closed, the lid may be locked by pushing the lowered lid to the rear of the container. To remove the lid, it is lifted vertically from the lowered, unlocked position. US 0388 Rosenbaum, A. S. Bulk material cart. U.S. 3,308,974; filed July 28, 1965; issued Mar. 1967. 14, This cart is self-propelled and self-unloading and is adapted for transporting bulky materials. An open-topped box is mounted on a chassis by four spacer blocks. The box has a flat bottom, parallel side walls, and inclined end walls with one end wall having a hinged discharge opening. A pair of rubber tires are attached to a rear axle and a single rubber tire drive wheel for steering and driving is located on the front of the cart. The power for the motor is supplied from a battery mounted on the front of the cart. The DC motor is reversible and controlled by a switch. A conveyor is located in the box for discharging the material through the discharge opening. The only manual operation necessary is the steering of the cart. US-0389 Remig, P. W. Releasable tension holder for removable receptacle covers. U.S. 3,363,924; filed Dec. 30, 1965; issued Jan. 16, 1968. 175 ------- Storage This cover holding device for a garbage can secures the lid so that it cannot be accidentally removed. The holder device has a pair of elongated continuous flattened looped rubber bodies with curved ends. One end is adapted to be secured to a can handle and the other end to the handle on the cover. Removal is accomplished by expanding one of the rubber straps and releasing the hook connecting it to the can handle. US-0390 Zeilstra, C. F., and C. R. Zeilstra. Rubbish carrying hand cart. U.S. 3,366,397; filed May 9, 1966; issued Jan. 30, 1968. This rubbish carrying hand cart is designed to ease the difficulty of workmen walking with heavy loads. The cart is used to transfer rubbish from a place of deposit by a building to a large rubbish-receiving truck parked some distance away. The moulded body of the cart is open at the top with the bottom having a recessed portion near the back for lifting the cart for dumping. The bottom of the cart is inclined so that it can be moved along without stubbing on any irregular pavings. The front of the cart slopes upward for easy unloading and has a top rim to reinforce the body and help it retain its shape. A handle having a bail or U-shape is attached to the back upper portion of the cart. An operator can move the cart by rocking it about on its wheels and pushing it to the desired position. When the cart is full, it is moved to a site of rubbish collection. It is easily dumped into the truck by gripping the handle with one hand and the recess with the other and dumping. US-0391 Faccio, F., and D. Constantine Bag for storing soiled laundry or waste. U.S. 3,369,584; filed May 26, 1967; issued Feb. 20. 1968. This laundry or hamper bag for collecting soiled and particularly contaminated laundry or waste may be tightly closed without necessitating direct physical or even close contact with the contents of the bag. This is accomplished by turnirg up an outer cover of the bag from a lower position exposing the filling end of the bag, to an upper position protuding about the filling end, and then closing the ends of the outer cover. This forms a completely closed envelope . The bag can be filled in a conventional manner and may also be suspended in open condition from a conventional stand or frame while the bag is gradually being filled. 176 ------- US-0392 Pinto, P. J. (William E. Young), Grouping of flexible bags. U.S. 3,380,579; filed June 20, 1967; issued Apr. 30, 1968. This automatic self-opening plastic film bag of square construction is grouped with similar bags and provided with a pair of apertures extending through the face and back of the bag and with an aperture provided in each of the bag. Opening is effected by simply pulling, the flanges apart. K> 26- tuck or gusset. The pair of apertures are aligned when the bag is in a folded position. The bags are grouped together in lots such as fifty, and are joined together at their face and back so that all of the apertured holes in the groups of bags are aligned. This device may be employed for garbage disposal. US-0393 Siegel, K. H. (ASF Gleitverschulss G.m.b.H.), Flexible container of plastic material. U.S. 3,389,733; filed June 6, 1966; issued June 25, 1968. The container comprises a tubular bag made of flexible plastic and has a closure device of the same material molded as an integral part of the bag. The closure comprises two component flanges, male and female, running parallel to each other around the inner circumference of the tube. These can be interlocked, one with the other by hand pressure, thus providing closure US-0394 Gale, J. A., and W, A. Eastman (John A. Gale Company), Continuous bag system. U.S. 3,392,825; filed Jan. 26, 1966; issued July 16, 1968. A continuous bag system is provided from a continuous plastic tubular section. The tubular section includes a folding process with means provided between adjacent bags to permit separation of orte bag from the continuous line of bags provided. The folding process includes a pleating arrangement to pleat transversely to the continuous section and provide a compact bag section to be housed within an integrated container for the bags. One use for such a container and bag system would be for lining a waste container by placing the container unit on the bottom of the waste basket and pulling the bags upward as they are required. The 177 ------- Storage bags are made of polyethylene or other type plastic. /O US-0395 Clauser, R. C. Sanitary garbage receptacle closure. U.S. 3,393,825; filed Sept. 1A, 1965; issued July 23, 1968. to This garbage can has an aerosol disinfectant bomb attached to the underside of its cover. The bomb may be a liquid charged with gas or a low-boiling liquid under pressure. The disinfectant may he any sprayable liquid suitable for use in a garbage can. The activator mechanism for the bomb extends through tha container lid so that small amounts of the disinfectant can be sprayed on the refuse while the container lid is closed. US 0396 Anderson, L. R. Collapsible leaf cart. U.S. 3,394,946; filed Sept. 24, 1965; issued July 30, 1968. ,96 14, 16 .70' .ra-f-' is. 71- .'•.>z-.'- U-shaped tubular members are threaded through edges of rectangular portions of a single sheet of flexible material, each having their distal ends hingedly mounted to a side leg of another member so that they fold flat in superimposed relationship for storage. They can be erected in the form of a leaf cart, with the end panel pivoted to a vertical end of one side panel for movement in opposite directions from its operative position. The right portions of the side panels may be inclined over a portion of their length to assist in inverting and emptying the cart. After the cart has been filled with leaves or other refuse, it can be unloaded with facility and without undue scattering of leaves, either by inverting the cart with the handle removed up and over or by releasing the tail gate structure. US-0397 Kilgore, W, E. (Albemarle Paper Company), Refuse sack. U.S. 3,396,902; filed July 17, 1967; issued Aug. 13, 1968. 178 ------- A sack with a leakproof closure is manufactured by providing a partially finished sack having two faces, two gussets, and two ends. The two faces are partially stepped back a relatively small distance from one end to expose at least part of both inner sides of each of the two gussets. A tape is folded lengthwise over one end and the tape is secured to the exposed sides of each of the two gussets and to adjacent parts of each of the two faces. US 0398 Rolph, E. J. Trash receptacle and handling means. U.S. 3,404,819; filed Dec. 19, 1966; issued Oct. 8, 1968. 22, 24 28 This trash receptacle and handling apparatus is particularly adapted to hold bundles of horticultural prunings, such as tree limbs, so that they are readily loaded into municipal trash-collecting vehicles. The receptacle is composed of a flexible sheet with handles secured along one edge of the sheet. The handles are provided with hooks which are designed to pass through eyelets on the opposite end of the flexible sheet, so that trash may be readily bundled and carried by the handles. The trash may be quickly released by tilting handles so that the hooks will bo released from the eyelets on the edge of the sheet. The flexible sheet is relieved from its looped position to a straight open position. US-0399 Seifort, A. Garbage can cover. U.S. 3,411,659; filed Oct. 2, 1967; issued Nov. 19, 1968. A garbage can cover has its lower end formed as a seating edge which is engageable with the opening of a garbage can. It is composed of a deep body of a semi-spherical contour, which extends a material distance above its seating edge. The cover will properly close a garbage can packed with an excess of material because of this large dome. This body is constituted of flexible resilient material, but the edge is rigid. The upper central portion of the cover is provided with an annular recess which encircles a hand grip. The grip has a locking portion which engages with an attachment centrally located in the annular recess. The handle is capable of being readily gripped in any direction. The cover fits the garbage can securely and cannot be easily dislodged by the elements or by animals. The cover will fit a number of cans of varying circumference, or cans that have been knocked out of shape. US-0400 Webber, C. Refuse can cover and crusher. U.S. 3,411,722; filed Aug. 23, 1966; issued Nov. 19, 1968. 179 ------- Storage This refuse can cover is equipped with a can and bottle crusher. A compartment attached to the cover receives the empty bottle or tin can and, then, a plate is lowered to crush the container. The compartment can be opened to drop its contents into the waste receptacle. US-0401 Boyd, A. C. Animal shock devices for refuse cans. U.S. 3,480,176; filed Jan. 4, 1968; issued Nov. 25, 1969. A device for preventing scavenging animals from interfering with refuse cans, such as those containing garbage and trash, is constructed for detachable connection with a can. The can should be of conducting material and insulated from the ground while the device imparts an electric charge which is grounded through the body of the animal in contact with the can. The device imparts an output in a pulsating DC high voltage current of from 300 to 600 volts and a variable ground system varies the output voltage. A housing is provided for enclosing the device which imparts the pulsating high voltage current through a hook device that can be connected detachably with the can. Containers US0402 Wolff, B. S., and II. Gottesman. Receptacle for waste disposal. U.S. 2,411,015; filed May 11, 1944; issued Nov. 12, 1946. This improved waste receptacle is formed from a single blank sheet iraterial which is supplied to the user in flat condition and set up for use when needed. To assemble the receptacle, the material is folded on indicated lines and secured with tabs. The back of the receptacle is a separate piece secured by tabs; the upper end of the receptacle is connected to the container, but is not fastened by tabs. This permits the user to swing the lid up and deposit waste material. Paper or similar material such as plastic can be used and a water-proof bag should be placed inside the receptacle. US-0403 Solomon, J. H. Waste receptacle. U.S. 2,435,105; filed Jan. 14, 1946; issued Jan. 27, 1948. This waste receptacle is: made up of an inner can which lies within an outer can. A pedal 180 ------- is attached to two rods; when depressed, it raises the level of the inner can and opens the lid of the outer can simultaneously. The rod which raises the inner can is an extension of the pedal which pivots on the wall of the can. The rod which raises the lid is connected to the pedal by means of an eye. A small container is attached to the inside top of the inner can, where disinfectant, deodorant, or antiseptic can be placed for control of unpleasant odors. receptacle bag. This eliminates odor and promotes sanitary conditions in public rest US-0404 Miller, C. E. (Time Oil Company), Disposal receptacle. U.S. 2,458,868; filed Dec. 9, ; issued Jan. 11, 1949. A disposal receptacle is used in ladies' rest rooms for the disposal of used sanitary napkins. The rectangular receptacle is mounted on any wall, attached from the back to the wall. This back portion is hinged so that the entire receptacle body can be swung away from the wall for removal of the collection bag. A receiving opening has a hinged door that is manufactured in such a manner that, when opened, only one napkin can be inserted. Two lids are arranged one behind the other so that when the first lid is raised, the second is located just below the level of the opening. The napkin is placed on the second lid and the top lid closed. As the lids are returned to their original position, the napkin falls into the y US-0405 Bloomfield, S. (C. E. Hovey), Waste container. U.S. 2,465,839; filed May 7, 1945; issued Mar. 29, 1949. 24 781 ------- Storage This waste container is used when waste collects rapidly and space is limited. It is small in size and has means for compressing the waste materials as they are collected. The receptacle is cylindrical in shape with an open top for receiving waste. It is contained within a housing that has a hinged lid with a plunger attached for compaction. Springs maintain the plunger in the normal position. As waste is collected in the container, it is necessary for the operator to step on the plunger pedal to compress the waste. US 0406 Myers, D. C. Garbage or refuse disposal unit. U.S. 2,500,466; filed June 18, 1947; issued Mar. 14, 1950. This garbage or refuse container has an inner receptacle which is removable and constructed of paper or other cheap material. The outer casing of the receptacle is cylindrical with a hinged lid to be opened by hand. An inner supporting frame is designed to fit inside the outer can. It has a circular or annular base in the form of a ring with four legs or channel bars attached. Two of the supporting bars are hinged so that when the bag is Inserted inside, it can be closed by swinging the upper sections of the hinged supports inward. When disposing of the bag, the entire inner frame is removed and the bag disposed of. US-0407 Herman!, L. (Continental Can Company, Inc.), Container for refuse. U.S. 2,532,165; filed July 2, 1945; issued Nov. 28, 1950. This refuse container has a pedal-operated lift for the hinged lid. An inner container for refuse is located in a housing to which the lid is attached. This container has a handle for easy removal when full. The lid to the outer container is a:tached to a rod within the body wall. A foot-operated pedal, attached to the rod, is stepped on to expand the rod for lifting the lid. A small cup is located inside the lid to fill with antiseptic for odor control. US -MOB Snider, A. M. Waste disposal unit. U.S. 2,533,524; filed Dec. 20, 1945; issued Dec. 12, 1950. A waste receptacle can be used in a kitchen, doctor's office, or other apartment where materials are likely to accumulate. An 182 ------- outer container is adapted to support a holder which accommodates a bag or receptacle. The holder is a rectangular open-wire cage formed of vertical wires connecting top and bottom rectangular rings and several rings between. An open-wire grid is hinged to the bottom of the cage. A pair of hinged wire loops are secured to the upper ring and they swing outward when the bag is placed in the cage, When the bag is to be removed, the loops are grasped with the hands, the cage carried to a receiving can, and the hinged bottom released to allow the paper bag to fall in the can. The cage is contained in a pentagonally shaped receptacle, provided with a hinged cover, operated by means of a foot pedal. US-0409 Beyer, C. J. Waste receiver. U.S. 2,553,232; filed Oct. 1, 1949; issued May 15, 1951. This dental waste receiver has a throw-away inner receptacle and automatic waste-removing and retaining means. The cotton a dentist uses in his work tends to adhere to the forceps and causes a unique disposal problem. A small cylindrical receptacle is adapted to be positioned on the dentist's work tray. It is comprised of an exterior body within which is mounted a removable throw-away receptacle retained and hidden from view by a closure. The closure has small slits through which the used cotton absorbent may be inserted by the forceps and removed as the forceps are withdrawn. Such slits are deflectable under a downward force and move back to their original position when the force is removed. Construction of the receptacle is economical and is adapted to be replaced with each patient for complete sanitation. US-0410 Morrison, R. H. , and J. E. Badgley. Waste container. U.S. 2,554,048; filed June 22, 1946; issued May 22, 1951. --'sz-S 27, •^ (----, " -13 \Y This waste container is adapted for household use and has a disposable inner lining. The container can be mounted on a panel that forms part of a wall or cabinet. A rectangular opening with a hinged door is used for housing the receptacle, the door being opened by a foot-operated latch. The container is riveted in place on the back of 183 ------- Storage a cabinet door or wall by upper and lower straps. A removable bottom is provided in the container for the purpose of cleaning. Liner bags are stored in the space between the container and the door. A hinged lid covers the top of the receptacle and swings open when the door is opened. This container is concealed from view with the door closed and is always in position for convenient use. US-0411 Henkin, M. (Metalcraft Manufacturing Corporation), Trash container. U.S. 2,566,128; filed April 2, 1948; issued Aug. 28, 1951. HA— lie- 116 -41 —43 The trash container is a simple device with a pedal-operated hinged lid. The body of the container is rectangular in shape with front and rear support means. The lid is hinged to the side of the container and, by means of a gasket, it seals the container upon closing. On the outside of the container a shaft is attached to the rear of the lid near the hinge. This shaft is connected by hooks and eyes to a foot-operated pedal on the front of the container. Pressing down on the pedal expands the shaft causing the lid to open. The lid is closed by allowing the pedal to resume its original position. A handle for carrying the container is located above and to the rear of the hinge which keeps spillage of garbage at a minimum. US-0412 Lehman, R. Combined waste can, lid, and enclosure. U.S. 2,621,099; filed Dec. 15, 1949; issued Dec. 9, 1952. An odorless and sanitary storage structure is provided for waste receptacles. Its cabinet form is rectangular and constructed of thin sheet metal. A drawer comprising a bottom wall and a front wall is contained within the II cabinet. Along the bottom wall of the drawer is a pair of guide tracks for horizontal travel. A cylindrical rod is diagonally attached to the ends of the drawer and to a horizontal rod above the tracks. By pulling on the handle of the cabinet, the drawer is partially withdrawn from the housing. As the drawer is moved, the rollers move toward the rear of the cabinet, the diagonal rod is moved to a horizontal position, and the horizontal rod moved to a diagonal position. This allows the can placed in the drawer to be tilted toward the user. Easy access to the can is now possible, making removal of the can relatively simple. US-0413 Davis, H. G. Waste receptacle. U.S. 2,644,737; filed July 21, 1947; issued July 7, 1953. This combined waste receptacle is adapted to receive waste food or combustible material. 184 ------- The housing of the receptacle has upper and lower compartments, the latter with a receiving drawer for waste foods and the former with receiving means for comhustible materials. A partition separates the two compartments in the rectangular housing. The drawer in the lower compartment can be moved in and out of the housing be means of four rollers attached to B< TIT the container and independent of the housing. A carriage in the housing keeps the drawer in place. The drawer is moved out by applying pressure on a foot pedal on the side of the container. It is returned to its position by spring means. A sealing plate seals the drawer when it is pushed into the rear of the housing. On the upper compartment, the lid can be opened manually or by applying pressure to a second foot pedal. The container in the upper compartment may be removed from the housing by means of a handle. US-0414 Maxwell, J. A. Soda fountain refuse disposal unit. U.S. 2,680,560; filed Oct. 4, 1947; issued June 8, 1954. A hole in the top of the soda fountain cabinet, for disposing of refuse, has been designed with a refuse container located directly below. A V-shaped container fastened to a hinged door is used. A door is hinged on the bottom side so that when swung out, the open container top clears the cabinet for easy removal. The V-shape allows valuable floor 15 17— ._«-- ----r---r-Hv.-i.> -16 S8 If space behind the container to be useable. necessary to service any equipment in the cabinet, the panel and container can be removed by lifting. A wire mesh screen is placed over the bottom of the refuse container and mechanical equipment compartment to prevent rats and other rodents from entering. US-0415 Hagen, B. E. Ash disposal unit for fireplace. U.S. 2,733,708; filed June 4, 1952; issued Feb. 7, 1956. 33 This ash disposal unit is utilized in connection with a fireplace for receiving the ashes formed in the firebox from burning wood charcoal, or other materials. The unit is located in the fireplace and may be adapted for receiving the ashes formed on the firebox floor and for removal as a single entity. Disposal is thus completed by a simple lifting from the firebox floor. The 185 ------- Storage disposal unit includes a rectangular frame installed as the rim of an opening formed in the firebox floor. It is a closed metal box-like receptacle which rests upon a flange of the frame. A two-part cover is detachably mounted on the frame, and normally overlies the top of the receptacle. The forward cover member is wholly removable, and the rear member is tillable to adapt the ash receptacle to be lifted for the purpose of emptying its contents. A waste disposal unit of this nature would be used in establishments rfhere waste matter is unsanitary, obnoxious, or non-hygienic in US-0416 Cleghorn, J. (J, Cleghorn, and R. A. DiMeo), Portable refuse container. U.S. 3,321,130; filed Jan. 21, 1965; issued May 23, 1967. I2 This refuse container makes use of a disposable bag liner. A container has a hollow body with openings at both ends. Its slideable base can be withdrawn from the container body allowing the bag to be dropped out of the container. Storage means for additional bags is located behind the hollow tube. A pivotal handle is attached to the top of the container and covers the storage area when not in use. Gravitational force wijl cause a filled bag and its contents to be discharged through the bottom of the container when the base is removed. US0417 Lewis, E. C, (E. C. Lewis, and Alumasc Limited), Waste disposal unit. U.S. 3,323,714; filed July 25, 1966; issued June 6, 1967. nature. The container has a rear casing which may be mounted for use and a front cover hinged to its lower end to the rear casing. The hollow interior accomodates a bag suspended by its mouth portion from the upper part of the rear casing and from the upper part of the front ^over. This bag is opened and closed by corresponding movement of the front cover which is spring loaded by a tension spring connected to the rear casing. An electric heating element to heat seal the plastic receptacle bags is located in the top 186 ------- of the rear casing. A switch is concealed from view by means of a top panel. Removal and transportation of the sealed bag is under side of this supporting plate. A receptacle-supporting platform is movably mounted in the housing above the motor-supporting plate. The motor raises and lowers the platform in the housing by cable means. A receptacle frame is mounted on and extends upward from the supporting platform. Two cooperating lid sections are pivotally secured to the frame and positioned for engaging the refuse receptacle carried on the platform. An electrical switch controls the motor. When lowered, the receptacle is impermeable to flies, rats, and vermin. US-0419 Berg, B. L. Trash container for automobiles. U.S. 3,357,614; filed Oct. 7, 1966; issued Dec. 12, 1967. accomplished in a high degree of cleanliness and hygiene. US-0418 Shell, N. B. Retractable refuse receptacle assembly. U.S. 3,356,183; filed Aug. 4, 1966; issued Dec. 5, 1967. A retractable refuse receptacle assembly can be positioned in an underground location and can be easily elevated to provide access to the receptacle. The housing is located underground and has a motor-supporting plate mounted in the bottom, with the motor mounted on the This trash container for automobiles is designed with its bottom curved to fit the transmission hump. The open-topped, 187 ------- Storage rectangular container is held to the hump by prongs. These prongs pierce through and hook under the floor covering. Each prong is a longer leg of a U while the shorter leg lies over the floor covering to stabilize the clip. The shorter leg has a projection at a 90 degree angle to the U which is attached to the receptacle to stabilize it. The receptacle may be installed and removed by vertical movement. paper garbage bag. The receptacle is generally rectangular in shape with a hinged bottom attached to one side, which is also hinged. A carrying handle of a squared C-shape, for fitting about the outer surfaces of the receptacle, is provided. The walls of the US-0420 Cowan, A. A., and H. T. Linde (The Bobrick Corporation), Waste receptacle having a semi-recessed container. U.S. 3,367,528; filed Aug. 12, 1965; issued Feb. 6, 1968. 1 1 SN! 3?- 56- JLJ /\ '24 \ 1 — - 17 JUS II A waste receptacle is used in washrooms and is semi-recessed in a housing which is recessed in a wall. The housing is mounted in a wall and the rectangular container placed within it. A shield extends downward from the top of the housing and has a means attached for locking the receptacle in the housing. Only part of the open-topped receptacle is permanently exposed at all times. A removable sack can be placed in the receptacle for convenient removal of waste. container maintain the sides of the bag placed inside. The container is designed to contain any liquid which may seep out of the bag. To remove the bag, the lock is released on the bottom of the container with the container held in the air. The bag quickly drops out of the holder. Hinging the sides and placing the latch on the bottom prevents jamming of the bag holder tube by large or irregularly shaped itens. US-0421 Lindholm, W. H., and D. W. Lindholm. Bag-lined garbage receptacle. U.S. 3,370,787; filed June 8, 1966; issued Feb. 27, 1968. A bag-lined garbage receptacle of this type provides support for the side walls of a US-0422 Voorhees, F. T. (Barlow Manufacturing Company), Collapsible container modified. U.S. 3,372,725; filed July 1, 1965; issued Mar. 12, 1968. This collapsible container comprises a rigid base pan, a flexible tubular wall attached to the pan, and a movable top cover attached to the wall. A brace between the pan and the top cover is employed for maintaining the 188 ------- container in an erect position, and for facilitating emptying the container when folded. US 0423 Mongelluzzo, A. E. Prefabricated trash container. U.S. 3,379,335; filed Mar. 1, 1966, issued Apr. 23, 1968. This prefabricated trash container is for use on submarines. This container has only one structural part while the older prefabricated container has 13 separate parts. The sheet is generally rectangular with a circular flap construction on each longitudinal edge. One of the flaps has slots while the other has a number of tabs. The slots of the flaps are adapted for engagement with the tabs of the sheet and the tabs on the other flap for engagement with the slots on the sheet. The tabs on the sides of the sheet are inserted into slots on the opposite side and bent to secure the cylindrical form. The bottom flap is secured to the sheet in the same method and the top one left open until the container is filled with trash. US-0424 Benfield, J. W. Waste receptacle. U.S. 3,381,814; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued May 7, 1968. -34 33- - This waste receptacle is especially designed to be positioned on a dentist's work tray. The cotton pellets used to dry or medicate a tooth cavity present a unique disposal problem. This container is cylindrical in shape and has a lid with transverse slits. When forceps are used to extract the cotton pellets, the lid assists in disposal of the pellets. The slits on the lid are adapted to be flexed downward into the cup by a downward force by the forceps. They will swing back into place upon removal of the forceps. The receptacle is removed and a fresh one replaces it when a new patient is treated. 189 ------- Storage US-0425 Morgan, T. P. Combination trash receptacle and dustpan lid. U.S. 3,390,804; filed Sept. 2, 1966; issued July 2, 1968. upper portion of this lightweight receptacle fits tightly into the weighted base so that it is firmly anchored to the ground but can be easily handled when being emptied. This waste receptacle has a cover which may be used as a dustpan. The lid is removably pivoted to the edge of the receptacle and is provided with a flange which increases in height from the front to the rear. The rear portion of the flange carries a combined handle and latch. The latch extends downwardly and terminates in a hook which coacts with a pivoted bail carried by the receptacle to lock the cover in a closed position. US-0426 McAllister, W. J., and J. A. Keown (William J. McAllister), Waste receptacle. U.S. 3,394,832; filed July 18, 1966; issued July 30, 1968. This waste receptacle is particularly suited for use outdoors because of its lightweight, durable construction. A cover is hinged to the body of the container which is normally biased to close the open upper end of the receptacle. The hollow base of the container can receive material to weight the base. The US-0427 Menges, J. T. (J. C. Yarborough, J. C. Holcomb, and J. T. Menges), Garbage and refuse collecting and disposal means. U.S. 3,395,859; filed Nov. 6, 1964; issued Aug. 6, 1968. This refuse collecting and disposal device is adapted for incorporation into a wall. The container has an anchoring device on its side wall for keying the housing into a wall structure. Refuse is deposited in the container from inside the building and subsequently removed from the receptacle from outside the building. Sealed doors 190 ------- render this refuse collector weathertight and waterproof. 10 US-0428 Greer, H. M. Combination waste disposal and step stool device. U.S. 3,397,757; filed Dec. 9, 1966; issued Aug. 20, 1968. A combination waste disposal unit and step stool includes a generally rectangular frame and a step element mounted for rectilinear movement into and out of the frame. The waste disposal unit is positioned with the frame. The step element is clear of contact with the waste disposal element when moved within the frame to occupy an inoperative position. US-0429 Wanderer, H. J. (Illinois Tool Works Incorporated), Disposable container. U.S. 3,401,862; filed Aug. 3, 1966; issued Sept. 17, 1968. A thin-wall thermoplastic container is adapted to be inserted and retained within hollow supporting holders. The disposable insert cup is so configured that it assures air communication between nested containers to provide individual cup separation. The cup is securely retained in a releasable manner within a number of dissimilarly configured supporting holders. US-0430 Busey, J. J. Refuse receptacle. U.S. 3,402,848; filed Aug. 21, 1967; issued Sept. 24, 1968. The refuse receptacle is composed of an outer container and a disposable bag positioned in the container to receive the refuse. The container has a bottom and four vertical side walls and is rectangular in shape. It has an open upper end which is closed by a lid hinged to one of the side walls. A disposable bag of flexible plastic material is positioned in the container and is supported by the bottom and side walls of the container as it is filled with refuse. The bag is held open to receive refuse by two brackets. These are attached to the opposite facing side walls of the container which are adjacent to the open end. These brackets are composed of 191 ------- Storage U-shaped end parts with an elongated rod extending between the. ends of one leg of each U-shaped part. The other leg of the U-shaped part is pivotally connected to a side wall so that the rod is horizontal and parallel to the automobile. U.S. 3,403,830; filed Aug. 5, 1966; issued Oct. 1, 1968. This trash receptacle is particularly suited for use beneath the dash of an automobile. The housing for the receptacle can be. attached to the car beneath the dash, and a spring actuated closure facilitates gaining access / V/<5> -o , 'L /<7- ^S / f,^-----.sr.^y , f0 sSf ^ ! ,1 1 '1 i- • V! ^ • ,- t: .j^;: ^3 M' -^y l¥ L-i V~29 ~~-S4 ^-S9 to the plastic receptacle within the housing, A handle on the front portion of the container renders the container readily removable from its housing. US-0432 Webber, R. L. Container. U.S. 3,415,402; filed Aug. 15, 1966; issued Dec. 10, 1968. side wall. These brackets are positioned close enough to the top of the container so that as the bag is pulled upward they will pivot and move the rod parts to the outside of the container, and out of the way of the bag as it is being removed. When pivoted to the inside of the container, the upper end of the bag can be draped over the rods between the rods and the side walls. The brackets will hold the bag open until it is filled. The weight of the refuse in the bag is supported by the bottom and the side waJls of the bag, and not by the brackets. US-0431 Jones, B. L., and J. A. Jones. Combustion waste and soiled clothes receptacle for an This disposable container is destroyed by usual environmental conditions after it has 192 ------- been used. It is constructed of at least three separate layers including an inner layer completely encompassing and sealing the contents of the container. An intermediate layer dissolves the container on being exposed to normal atmospheric conditions. An exterior layer completely seals the intermediate layer to prevent exposure of the intermediate layer until it is desired to dispose of the container. The exterior layer could be broken by having a band of material extending between the intermediate layer and the exterior layer, and a tab extending out through the exterior layer of the container. An alternative method would be to include an opening in the container and a cap positioned over the opening and over the exterior layer so that the exterior layer is broken when the cap is removed from the container. The inner layer would be polyethylene, and the intermediate layer would be caustic soda and temporary polyvinyl chloride. The exterior layer would be made of permanent polyvinyl alcohol. An added layer of polystyrene and aluminum powder could be provided for additional strength. When the exterior layer is broken, the temporary polyvinyl alcohol is exposed and dissolves to react with the caustic soda and dissolves the remainder of the container. US-0433 Rinehart, D. L. (North American Rockwell Corporation), Waste collection assembly. U.S. 3,422,985; filed Apr. 13, 1965; issued Jan. 21, 1969. A waste collection system can be employed in a spacecraft to prevent body wastes from contaminating the spacecraft interior in zero gravity. It consists of a cylindrical cannister having a screen separating the interior into two chambers and having suction connection on one of the chambers. A double wall plastic bag is inserted in the cannister so as to line the inside and be held against the screen by suction. The bag has an impervious double wall portion nearer its open end and a porous closed end having sufficient porosity to pass gases and retain liquids so that a continuous gas flow passes over the wastes and through the porous portion of the bag. After wastes are deposited in the bag in the cannister, the inner double wall is lifted and the outer double wall remains against the cannister due to the suction for enveloping the porous portion of the bag. Wastes are therefore completely enclosed in an impervious bag without contamination of the surroundings. US-0434 Kleeberg, G. K. E. (St. Regis Paper Company), Refuse sack holder. U.S. 3,443,745; filed Oct. 9, 1967; issued May 13, 1969. This waste container is particularly adapted for use in and around the home, factory, restaurant, and the like. The container is of fireproof construction and consists of a cabinet having an upright frame for receiving the mouth of a disposable bag, and a clamping device mounted on the frame for engaging the flaps of the bag to hold the bag upright. A cover is removably mounted on the cabinet without the need of tools. 193 ------- Storage US-0435 Heck, E. E. (Republic Molding Corporation), Waste receptacle with dispenser for disposable liners. U.S. 3,451,453; filed Sept. 13, 1967; issued June 24, 1969. __ -^Tr----.^ iffr^' •"[[.---r i .''<££< §4" • l .-::-';"'r!i J^^T this will eliminate tre possibility of shutting off the draft through stoppage by the ashes accumulating within the ash pan. A waste receptacle has upright walls and a bottom with a dispenser, removably mounted in the receptacle adjacent to the bottom for dispensing disposable liners for the receptacle. The dispenser is adapted to be inserted from the upper end of the receptacle and includes an upper wall with an opening for dispensing the disposable liners. Means are provided for supporting the upper wall of the dispenser spaced above the bottom of the receptacle so that the upper wall forms a false bottom for the receptacle. This receptacle provides housekeepers with disposable, protective liners or bags for use in waste cans and also provides a convenient means for confining the collected waste for transport to other places for collection. US-0436 Burkert, D. G. Combined ash receptacle and draft controlling door for domestic water heaters, stoves, and the like. U.S. 2,452,180; filed June 14, 1945; issued Oct. 26, 1948. This combined ash receptacle and draft controlling door is employed for domestic water heaters, stoves, and the like. An ash pan is provided to receive ashes from the fire chamber of a domestic stove. It is so constructed and arranged as to receive the ashes as they fall through the grate and scoop up those that drop while the pan is not situated in its normal position beneath the grate. On this apparatus, the ashes may be conveniently removed without the use of a special shovel. The draft is easily regulated; US-0437 Russell, J. R. (Steere Enterprises Incorporated), Litter container. U.S. 3,468,411; filed June 22, 1967; issued Sept. 23, 1969. s-" 194 ------- A litter container for an automobile is hung from parallel rods which are slidably supported in grooves in a bracket fastened to the dashboard. Their ends are turned abruptly down into the four corners of the receptacle portion of the container assembly. This receptacle portion is preferably formed of plastic which is adhered to or attached to the turned-down portions of the rods. The receptacle can slide out from under the dashboard on the sloping portions of the rods, under the dashboard where it is held by gravity. Receptacle Holders US-0438 Divelbiss, G. K., and A. Krofft Bag holder. U.S. 2,371,743; filed Nov. 22, 1943; issued Mar. 20, 1945, __J 1 storage and shipment. A holder has a flat rectangular base to rfhich a bar is attached. The frame of the holding mechanism has a vertical coil spring attached to the bar and the upper side of the frame. Two spreader bars are attached to the frame and are swung outward to press against the mouth of the bag. When the bag is to be removed, the bars are swung to a vertical position releasing the bag. As the bag is filled the coil spring expands and lowers the bag to rest on the base. US-0439 Brootne, J. C. (Food Machinery Corporation), Bag holder. U.S. 2,383,366; filed July 5, 19A3; issued Aug. 21, 1945. This inexpensive bag holder can be rapidly disengaged when the bag is filled. The holder is mounted upon arms provided on a fixed pedestal, A base section is connected to the arms in order to support a ring support device. Such a ring has four hinged portions which are held together by a pin and arranged so that by removing the pin and pushing inward, the ring collapses. The bag is pulled over the mouth of the collapsed ring portion, this device is expanded, and the ring is replaced. When the bag is filled, the ring is collapsed and the bag removed. This improved bag holder can be quickly assembled for use and easily disassembled for US-0440 Regele, C. A. Bag holder. U.S. 2,442,377; filed June 12, 1944; issued June 1, 1948. This receptacle can be used in homes or in hospitals where a small sanitary receptacle is desired. It is comprised of a base, a 195 ------- Storage receptor-supporting ring, a unitary clamp ring, lid assembly, and lid actuator. A paper bag is placed in the receptor inside the supporting legs. Upon downward movement of the lid actuator, the lid is raised and the receptacle E- 4 J --5 ImTTr-3 made available for use. The bag is removed by pulling it through the side of the receptacle through the legs. US-0441 Custer, H. W. Receptacle supporting rack. U.S. 2,461;374; filed Sept. 24, 1945; issued Feb. 8, 1949. This rack is designed to support tubular receptacles in an inclined position. The metal rack has two parallel sides which terminate in a U-shaped loop at a 90 degree angle to the sides. One leg of the U extends beyond the sides to the opposite side of the rack. The other end of ;;he rack merely terminates in a 90 degree angle bend, connected to the other side. When a can is placed in the rack, it is cradled Between the parallel sides and the U-shaped end. Removal of the can from the rack is accomplished with a minimum amount of effort. US-0442 Davenport, J. F. Waste disposal device. U.S. 2,489,562; filed Feb. 28, 1948; issued Nov. 29, 1949. /K\ I3 This rack or stand is used to support a paper bag for the deposit of waste within. The holder has a base and a lower supporting ring located above the base by means of legs. Upright bars extend from the base to an upper supporting ring. A paper bag is slipped over the upper ring and its bottom placed on the lower supporting ring and legs. When the bag is filled, it can be easily 196 ------- removed and disposed of and another substituted. US-0443 Allen, T. B. Receptacle holder. U.S. 2,509,284; filed Dec. 23, 1946; issued May 30, 1950. US-0444 Ward, M. N. Bag holder. U.S. 2,521,029; filed July 24, 1947; issued Sept. 5, 1950. fS> -1 J / In this receptacle holder there are a number of posts, along with a hoop adapted to be supported by these posts and to embrace the receptacle to be held. There are clamps for mounting the hoop on the posts, one clamp for each post. Each clamp consists of a band encircling its respective post, a portion of this band constituting a seat for disposition adjacent to the inner side of the post. These bands have openings which are offset from the seat at opposite sides of it, for the reception of a portion of the hoop at a location between the seat and the inner side of the post. A clamping screw is carried by the band opposite the seat and is engaged with the outer side of the post to tighten the clamp and cause this portion of the hoop to be crimped about the post and gripped between the seat and the post. This bag holder supports a bag or sack with the neck in an open position allowing filJing of the bag without the aid of another person. The main supporting section comprises an inverted U-shaped frame provided with hollow arm extensions mounted on a bracket. An adjustable support is movably mounted on the arms and an expandable spring is mounted to this. The spring is attached to a curved arm with an upward extension graduated in tens of pounds, said curved arm connected to an outer rim member to which the open neck of 197 ------- Storage the sack is fitted. As the sack is filled, the spring is expanded and a graduated rod measures the weight of materials placed in the bag. The support device may be easily adjusted to accommodate sacks of different length. US-0445 Scholin, A. R. Bag holder. U.S. 2,648,512; filed Mar. 20, 1950; issued Aug. 11, 1953. This device holds a bag in an upright position with its mouth open so that it may be readily filled. Such a holder can support a normal or small-sized bag. A bracket is adapted to be secured on a supporting structure with an opening through which a standard is slidably mounted. The standard can be shifted up and down in the bracket and a horizontal U-shaped frame is connected to it. Two extending arms of the U are adapted to surround the mouth portion of the bag, the latter attached by hooks. The arms of the U are notched so that whan the bag is attached it can be secured with the mouth opened to varying widths. This stand is durable because of design and component parts, and is relatively inexpensive to manufacture. US-0446 Jordan, C. H. Hand truck for garbage or ash cans. U.S. 2,784,856; filed Feb. 10, 1955; issued Mar, 12, 1957. This cart is designed for supporting and moving cans in which heavy materials or wastes are contained. A bar secured to an axle on which supporting wheels are mounted comprises the frame of the cart. The upper end of the bar extends laterally to provide a handle for directing. The front surface of the base is curved to conform to the curvature of the can. Hooks are secured to the base for attaching the bottom rim of the can. A curved brace is located midway up the bar to prevent twisting or rolling of the can from the cart. An adjustable hook is located above the brace, used to hook into the handle of the can. When the can is hooked onto the cart, it is 198 ------- so securely attached that accidental spillage is eliminated. US 0447 Dunagan, E. L., L. P. Dunagan, and K. M. Dunagan. Support for trash can. U.S. 2,911,180; filed Aug. 31, 1956; issued Nov. 3, 1959. -L6> This invention is capable of supporting a trash can in a properly centered position upon a flat base. A pair of gripping arms are attached to the device; each is circular and may be extended outward to a circumference greater than the can to be attached. The arms are swung inward to lock the can into position, and may be adjusted to accommodate containers of different sizes. When these arms are attached to some kind of base, any type of can may be secured in place. US-0448 Dyer, C. R. Rack for trash barrels. U.S. 3,347,507; filed Aug. 11, 1966; issued Oct. 17, 1967. u 199 ------- Storage This rack is designed to support a refuse receptacle in an elevated position. The stand is elevated above the ground by means of four supporting legs. A lid is operated by a pedal located on the front of the stand. The lid can be locked in an open position by pushing the pedal down and horizontally to lock it into an L-shaped bracket it is secured in. The base of the stand is squarely shaped with the receptacle resting upon its edges and one member which connects the parallel sides. US-0449 Bumgarner, R. L., A. 0. Knutson, and T. B. Royal (Homeline Corporation), Bag holder. U.S. 3,352,520; filed Apr. 22, 1965; issued Nov. 14, 1967. A disposable bag is made from stretchable and retractable synthetic resin film or sheet material and has means for supporting the bag. The supporting means is a rectangular loop, having rounded corners. Such means can be mounted on the wall or attached to a free-standing base by supporting means. The bag is made of sheet material such as polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride acetate copolymers, or vinyl chloride vinylidene chloride copolymers. An opening in the bag is smaller than the loop so that when folded over the loop it will be stretched. This prevents the bag from falling from the loop even when full. US-0450 Oliver, R. D. Trash handling apparatus. U.S. 3,374,004; filed Oct. 19, 1966; issued Mar. 19, 1968. This trash handling apparatus is adapted for use around the home or for commerical use. The cart has an upstanding support structure mounted on a pair of wheels, a pair of oppositely projecting arms, and a handle. The container is generally barrel-shaped with an open top. When mounting the container on the 15, cart, the user squeezes the arm members together and places trie container on the cart. The compressed arms are extended through a small aperature in the container wall and allowed to expand. Removal of the container is accomplished by reversing the mounting procedure. This cart-container is especially useful in handling lightweight loads. US-0451 Kurlander, R. A., and G. M. Nutting. Refuse bag holder. U.S. 3,374,976; filed Jan. 6, 1966; issued Mar. 26, 1968. This refuse bag holder has an open frame which supports a rectangular paper bag. The stand has a pair of upright parallel side members and a horizontal top and bottom members at right angles to the side members. The bottom of each side is bent upon itself at an angle to define a foot and a support leg. The pivotal member has a pair of parallel side members, joined at the top, with the bottom movably mounted to the support leg. The bottom 200 ------- is bent to form a straight foot treadle. A pair of clamps are attached to the top members for attaching to the mouth of the bag. The pivotal member and supporting member of the stand are kept in close contact by an 34 forward to lower the can to the ground and disengage the lifting hooks. The lifting hooks can be adjusted to different heights on the bar. expandable spring attached to each. As the bag is filled, the opening to the mouth of the bag is held together by the spring. Pushing down on the foot treadle opens the mouth of the bag. The top of the bag can be easily stapled when it is ready to be disposed of. US-0452 Farber, H. Detachable garbage can carrier. U.S. 3,376,986; filed May 12, 1966; issued Apr. 9, 1968. This garbage can carrier is designed to grasp and raise a can without physically touching the can. The carrier includes a rigid elongated bar-like member to which is attached mounting members and lifting hooks. A stabilizing strap is securely mounted on the lower end of the bar. The carrier can be mounted on any conveying means by its mounting members. In lifting a can, the cart is tilted backward to position the lifting hooks below one of the can handles. The cart is moved toward the can and swung upward to engage the can handle. The pivotal movement of the cart is continued until the bottom of the can is resting against the stabilizing strap. To unload the container, the cart is tipped US 0453 Fralick, R. A. Trash cart. U.S. 3,377,085; filed May 6, 1966; issued Apr. 9, 1968. This trash cart is adapted for hauling two identical trash containers. The cart is formed of two cart members virtually identical and connected together by a pivotal connection secured by a vertical pivot pin. The carts have longitudinally extending cross members and laterally extending cross members, each of which crosses centrally of the other forming an X or cross. Axles extend through the lateral cross members and each supports a pair of wheels. The pivotal connection is positioned on the longitudinal cross members. Flanges are located at the ends of each cross member for confining the drums. A handle is connected to the front of the longitudinal member of the 201 ------- Storage first cart for maneuverability of the coupled carts. Due to the simplicity of design, the cart is light, easy to operate, extremely strong for support of the drums, and relatively inexpensive. US-0454 Goldberg, I. Garbage can closer. U.S. 3,378,323; filed Aug. 31, 1966; issued Apr. 16, 1968. se This garbage can shed is adapted to store a number of cans. The shed is a walled enclosure with a bottom and an openable front wall for insertion of uncovered garbage cans. The top wall or lid is mounted on hinges for deposit of garbage in the cans. It carries can covers which open downward for sealing the uncovered cans. A latching device is located on the front of the lid so that when the lid is closed, it can be easily locked. A series of upstanding pins for each garbage can is fixed on the bottom wall to serve as guides for positioning the cans under the covers on the lid. The shed could be modified to accommodate various sized cans. A foot pedal could be attached to the housing for opening of the lid. The individual covers that are normally used with the cans are secured to the sides of the cans by a spring attached to the handles of the cans and covers, US-0455 Marini, T. 0., and L. G. Marini. Utility cart. U.S. 3,379,451; filed Oct. 19, 1965; issued Apr. 23, 1968. This trash cart is made of tubular structural elements which can conveniently be assembled and disassembled for shipment. It is adapted for domestic use and may serve to hold trash containers as well as transport them. It can be assembled and disassembled without the use of special tools. The frame is constructed of identical side frame members connected by a lower horizontal supporting and bracing frame and an upper horizontal supporting frame. The handle is located on the rear of the cart. Wheels are attached to an axle on the front of the cart while the rear of the cart is constructed with the frame serving as the support. No wheels are attached to the rear frame part and the frame is curved so as to serve as a brake for the cart. US 0456 Safford, E. (E. Safford, W. E. Ellis, and T. Singleton), Refuse receptacle. U.S. 3,388,856; filed Oct. 18, 1966; issued June 18, 1968. This garbage can holder supports refuse containers above the ground level in order to provide a more sanitary trash disposal and collection system. An elongated upright tube is anchored in the ground. Attached to it are a swing pole, means for securing the cans to the tube, and a bottom wall for supporting the containers. The containers may be rotated 202 ------- through 360 degrees, and a manually operated mechanism rotates the container covers out of the way for loading and unloading of the refuse containers. _ ~ US-0457 Burroughs, E. E., and G. H. Wilkes (St. Regis Paper Company), Bag holder. U.S. 3,388,882; filed Apr. 27, 1966; issued June 18, 1968. This domestic refuse bag holder has a pair of jaws which operate to open and close the mouth of a refuse bag. The jaws are supported by a frame which possesses bag holding devices. These clamps are attached to a Z-shaped inner portion and the Z-shaped portions interact to form a handle for opening and closing the jaws. Even though the device readily opens the mouth of a refuse bag, it closes the bag tightly enough to prevent the escape of odors and to prevent insects from entering the bag. US-0458 Rinehart, J. R. Utility cart or basket carrier. U.S. 3,389,818; filed Apr. 13, 1966; issued June 25, 1968. i I i i i! i i i i i i i i 21- This carrier is designed for the home laundry or lawn work and can be used for picking up, transporting, and dumping leaves and lawn trash. The utility carrier consists of a wheeled cart for transporting a container such as a bushel basket in an upright position, with the operating handle at various levels relative to the supporting wheels. The wheeled carrier will stand and support the container at ground level, or at an elevated position. The carrier is provided with a pivotal and removable support for the basket-like container, arranged so that the container may be either inverted for dumping its contents, supported in various positions on the carrier, or removed from the carrier. US 0459 Patterson, W. W. Garbage can holder. U.S. 3,399,854; filed Mar. 23, 1967; issued Sept. 3, 1968. A garbage can holder includes an upright standard with one end adapted for insertion in the earth. A ring is provided for loosely 203 ------- Storage surrounding a garbage can to be held. A hinge is connected to the ring and connects the ring to the standard. This permits vertical pivoting of the ring about a horizontal axis. A flexible device, a strap of greater length than the diameter of the ring, can be engaged with the garbage can so that the ring is supported horizontally. The strap's end portions loosely surround off-set portions of the ring. US-0460 Bailey, C. R. Portable holder for refuse cans. U.S. 3,399,903; filed Aug. 8, 1967; issued Sept. 3, 1968. U-shaped straps. Horizontal bars at the bottom of the U extend diagonally to the line of movement of the holder. A circular part is rigidly secured to the tops of the straps. A transverse horizontal axle bar joins the lower rear corners of the above-mentioned horizontal bars. This axle bar carries a wheel on each end. A transverse horizontal plate rigidly connects the forward lower corners of the bottom horizontal bars. A castor swivels on the bottom of the plate. An inverted U-shaped yoke is positioned above the circular part. The top horizontal part of the U will clamp over the lid of a garbage can. One end of the yoke is hinged to the circular part, the other end of the yoke has a latch to detachably secure the yoke to one of the straps when the yoke is in a closed position. An upstanding handle is lacated at the rear side of the holder, midway between the wheels. A brace is connected with the handle and the circular part, and another with the axle bar. US-0461 Schmidt, N. T. Garbage can rack. U.S. 3,407,941; filed July 27, 1966; issued Oct. 29, 1968. A portable garbage can holder is composed of a pair of crossed, rigidly connected, upstanding, An outdoor shed-like rack is designed to enclose garbage and trash cans. The cans are bodily insertable and removable. The rack is composed of a self-standing frame structure provided with bottom, back, end, and top walls. The vertical end frames are of an inverted U-shape form and are connected by upper and lower angle irons. T:ie rack is wholly open 204 ------- at the front. The top wall is imperforate and is preferably corrugated. The bottom wall is elevated above the level of the ground to preserve the bottom portions of the cans. The bottom, back and end walls are made of screen material capable of screening out debris. It also functions to minimize access to the cans by dogs, cats, and other pests. The screen walls provide for adequate ventilation for the enclosed can space. A chain is stretched across the open front to assist in holding the cans within the confines of the rack. The frame structure and attachable and detachable walls are readily packaged and shipped in knockdown form and subsequently are readiJy erected on the premises at a convenient place of use. US-0462 Heldenbrand, R. C. Combination garbage can conveyor and rack. U.S. 3,423,102; filed Sept. 25, 1967; issued Jan. 21, 1969. <7 A combination garbage can, conveyor, and rack is constructed for supporting the can in a vertical rotatable position to inhibit turning over. The combination consists of a base, a wheel on each side of the base so that it may be moved over the terrain, a tubular member rotatably supported on the base and extending upward from it, a pair of supporting and retaining members of the garbage cans, a pair of adjustable rings for fitting around the upper portion of the cans, a bracket connected with each of the rings, a tubular device for supporting the cans, a projection extending upward from the base, and a projection extending forward from the base to engage the terrain. There is also an upward facing cup surrounding and supported on the tubular device for containing insecticides to prevent crawling pests from gaining access to garbage cans. US 0463 Smedlund, E. G. Supporting and moving device for refuse sacks. U.S. 3,431,704; filed Apr. 20, 1967; issued Mar. 11, 1969. A multiple sack holder for refuse collection bags or sacks is provided in which a nunber of the sacks are suspended in separate telescopic frames. The frames are hung by rollers in the horizontal beams of a supporting frame. The sacks are reinforced at their mouths by means of collapsible rims, and clamping means not only hold the rims at the top edge of each sack but also serve as a means for coupling together the rims of adjacent sacks. The sacks move along the supporting beams, one after another, to a filling position and by means of a photocell circuit-actuated drive. A filled sack is removed from its filling position below a refuse chute and another sack is brought to an open position under the chute. This device can be employed in large buildings for the collection of refuse in sacks. US-0464 Gough, B. C. Garbage can cart with removable snow ski. U.S. 3,463,502; filed Apr. 19, 1967; issued Aug. 26, 1969. An elongated cart has a handle at one end and a single transverse axle between its opposite ends, provided with opposite end ground-engaging wheels. The cart is adapted to support a number of upright trash or garbage cans and includes a skid plate attachment readily removable and engageable with the undersurface portions of the cart. The attachment forms a substantially planar ski surface beneath the entire cart so as to enable the cart to be readily moved over ground which is covered with snow. The ground-engaging wheels of the cart project only slightly below the planar 205 ------- Recycling ski surface of the attachment when the latter is secured to the cart. 5?' US-0466 Gelbman, L. F. Process for making lightweight aggregates using fragile nodules. U.S. 2,544,752; filed June 10, 1949; issued Mar. 13, 1951. In order to make a lightweight aggregate from clay fly ash fragile nodules, the fly ash is subjected to the action of a nodulizing device into which a water spray is channeled. The water spray forms and bonds the fine sinterable material into fragile nodules, which are then V IT fSo0Vi.CZlfJ<£V)CF 57 Ay^lfr* \ ^''^]^/3 RECYCLING fft'p swrff/vj screened to sizes ranging between one-eighth and one-half of an in. in diameter. Surface spraying with coating material strengthens the nodules. The nodules are then sintered with & stationary forced-draft sintering system. The screening is carried out on a vibrating screen. The spraying is done on a portion of the screen so that the nodules are sprayed on all sides. US 0465 Kirby, W. G., and L. E. Steinle (United States Rubber Company), Process for reclaiming scrap vulcanized rubber. U.S. 2,372,584; filed Mar. 17, 1943; issued Mar, 27, 1945. Scrap rubber may be reclaimed by this process as in the 'digester' or 'heater' processes, but in a shorter period of time and with the addition of less reclaiming oils than in the usual reclaiming operations. This process comprises heating scrap containing vulcanized rubber at a temperature from about 300 F to about 420 F. A small mount of dicresyl tnonosulphide is incorporated into the scrap, for a time sufficient to reduce the rubber to a plastic state where is has a Mooney viscosity of 80 to 180 when tested at 180 F. US 0467 Wandel, K. (Wilbro Corporation), Process of preparing mulch for agricultural purposes. U.S. 2,699,629; filed Aug. 10, 1950; issued Jan. 18, 1955. Mulch composed of garbage, stable manure, dried leaves and grass, and other organic waste, is used to cover the earth surrounding plants to insulate and preserve moisture in the soil. This machine converts waste paper into mulch by a disintegrating device. It consists of a tank with an abrasive impeller; water is placed in the tank and refuse is added (of at least 5 percent fibrous; material to produce a good mulch). Impeller action reduces the 206 ------- material. This process is an excellent system for garbage and refuse disposal on a large scale, is easily handled and packaged into bags, and is odorless. US-0468 Darin, J. K., and E. M. Sutphin (Gulf Research and Development Company), Petroleum pitch fertilizer and process for its preparation. U.S. 2,829,040; filed Mar. 27, 1956; issued Apr. 1, 1958. The fertilizer is prepared by first mixing the petroleum pitch with an aqueous slurry of fertilizer ingredients at a temperature and pressure high enough to keep the pitch and water in a liquid state. The resultant suspension of molten pitch, water, and fertilizer ingredients is flashed from the high temperature and pressure to substantially atmospheric pressure whereupon evaporation of the water absorbs heat from the pitch and cools it to form a solid, finely divided product with the fertilizer ingredients substantially uniformly distributed. The end product provides a porous friable fertilizer which will slowly release the soluble inorganic chemicals to minimize loss of the chemicals. 207 ------- Recycling US 0469 Graham, J. L. (Tennessee Valley Authority), Method of manufacturing fertilizers by evaporating slurries containing fertilizers constituents. U.S. 2,857,262; filed Sept. 11, 1952; issued Oct. 21, 1958. Water is evaporated from slurries produced in the manufacture, of fertilizer from phosphate rock, nitric acid, and ammonia. The slurry is introduced into an evaporation zone which agitates and contacts the slurry with hot combustion gases (2,500 F to 400 F). Slurry which is withdrawn has z. moisture content from less than 1 percent to about 15 percent. When the slurry is high in calcium sulfate content, previously dried material must be added to form moist granules. The granules are passed through a second drying stage, producing the final product. US-0470 Peter, C. (L. H. Peter), Method of conditioning soil for agricultural purposes. U.S. 2,911,295; filed Nov. 10, 1952; issued Nov. 3, 1959. This soil conditioner has as its base a naturlffly-occurring material, oil shale. Oil shale is impregnated with an organic substance known as 'kerogen.' Kerogen is an organic residue left by the decomposition of plant and animal life. These oil shales are finely ground to a mesh between 80 and 150. This enables them to serve as artificial humus and to freely give up their vital constituents in the growing plants. They create a rich environment for microbial activity and stimulate amraonification and nitrification. US-0471 White, C. M. (Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation), Oxidized tall oil and petroleum oil composition, method of making, and method of reclaiming rubber therewith. U.S. 3,043,786; filed Oct. 22, 1958; issued July 10, 1962. By heating and air blowing tall oil at a temperature of about 100 C to 150 C to produce an oxidized tall oil concentrate with a viscosity of from 350 to 700 centistokes at 100 F, the first step in producing a composition of matter useful in the reclamation of vulcanized rubber is completed. The concentrate is then diluted with a naphthenic base petroleum oil whose viscosity is in the lubricating oil range of about 250 to 600 centistokes at 100 F, and whose acid value is at least 120. The concentrate, having a viscosity of 500 to 6^0 centistokes, is next added to the vulcanized rubber which is reclaimed in an amount, of about 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight of the vulcanized rubber. 208 ------- US-0472 Lurie, R. J. (Arther D. Little, Inc.), Recovery of chemicals from waste liquors. U.S. 3,061,408; filed May 5, 1960; issued Oct. 1962. A process recovers the sodium and sulfur components from sodium-base sulfite spent liquors resulting from chemical digestion of a lignocellulose-containing material. First, the spent liquors are concentrated. The resulting concentrated liquors are then 30, STACK combusted, the combusting step being carried out in the presence of an additive selected from the group consisting of silica-rich and alumina-rich materials to react the additive with the sodium. Subsequently, the resulting sodium reaction products are converted to sodium sulfites in the presence of an acidic reactant selected from the group consisting of S02, H2S03, and NaHS03. This additive must have as its essential reacting component, with respect to the sodium, an oxide selected from the group consisting of Si02 and A1203. No2 SOj NeHSO; LUTE No BASE PENT LIOUOR MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAP. ' I ' * SOl FROM FLUE CAS I KRAFT FURNACE FLUE GAS + S02 NojS NojCOs " GLASS FURNACE AUXILM [FUEL £. L-J No20. XSi02 RY p* AIR j. DISSOLVING TANK a°_ - SILICATE- 8ISUL- FITE REACTOR FILTER 5IOg.H;0 SMELT S02 i&OUEOUS NoHSOj TO O'lGESTER SILICA-CONTAINING MATERIAL JHzSOj \|S02 IFLUE GAS DISSOLVING TANK CAS- LIOUIO REACTION US-0473 McElroy, W. R. (Mobay Chemical Company), Method of dissolving polyurethanes. U.S. 3,117,940; filed Nov. 14, 1960; issued Jan. 14, 1964. This method provides organic compounds which bring about the liquefaction of polyurethane plastic scrap at a lower temperature than possible before, and in a short period of time, without bringing about a discoloration of the resulting mixture of polyurethane and organic compound. The polyurethane plastic is heated with a primary aminc to a temperature of at least 70 C, and the heating is continued until the plastic is liquid. US-0474 Bahme, R. B. Fertilizer and process for making from waste pickling liquor. U.S. 3,232,738; filed Jan. 10, 1964; issued Feb. 1, 1966. Fertilizer is made from waste pickling liquors of the steel and galvanizing industries. Metallic ammine compounds are made by reacting anhydrous of aqueous ammonia with waste pickling liquors. Such liquor contains metallic sulfates which are converted to the ammine-sulfate form. The water solubility of these ammine sulfates make them ideally suited for use as liquid fertilizers. Ash produced from burning wood wastes contributes a plentiful supply of raw material for fertilizer 209 ------- Recycling manufacture. If this ash is neutralized with the waste pickling liquor, many metallic sulfates and other essential compounds and elements are produced. These resulting products are in a form readily and easily assimilated by plants. the plate. The particles gradually pass through the perforations. The turbulent action of the material in the bed causes continuous contact of the material with the gas which transfers heat between the material and the gas. US 0475 Vandenhoeck, J. P. (Buell Engineering Company, Inc.), Heat exchanging method and apparatus. U.S. 3,263,346; filed July 24, 1963; issued Aug. 2, 1966. This device for the cooling of particulate matter finds application in the fertilizer industry, where particles of processed fertilizer at a high temperature must be cooled for further processing. The material to be cooled is introduced into an enclosure above a perforated plate. These perforations are large enough to permit the matter to pass through. A gas is MATERIAL IN 10 14 US-0476 Gnaedinger, J. P. Material and method for pavement construction. U.S. 3,293,999; filed Dec. 2, 1965; issued Dec. 27, 1966. Pavement construction includes three layers: the subgrade; the base course; and the top surface course. A base course consists of 2 to 10 percent by weight of lime mixed with a balance of incinerator ash in the presence of water. The incinerator ash results from burning refuse at 1,600 to 2,000 F in a rotary kiln. It has a high enough carbon content to provide at least 10 percent by weight carbon in the ash-lime mixture. The ash particles are sifted through a screen so that 60 to 90 percent of the remaining particles pass through a Number 4 screen, 10 to 30 percent through a Number 30 screen, and the rest through finer screens. The base course is allowed to stand for a period before use so that a carbonation reaction between the lime and the carbon from the ash can occur. The surface course cannot be applied during this reaction because gasses are evolved. The base course produced is economical and efficient. passed upward through the perforated plate and the enclosure with a flow sufficient to cause a turbulent bed of material to be formed over US-0477 Stirling, H. T. (Stirling Sintering Company), Apparatus for the reclamation of fine material. U.S. 3,381,948; filed Oct. 18, 1965; issued May 7, 1968. This apparatus for reclamation of fine material produces valuable substances by sintering or heat hardening pellets derived from such fines as fly ash or the dust obtained from the precipitators or dust collectors of any ferrous or novi-ferrous metallurgical process. It comprises a pelletizer, a sinter strand on which the pellets are heated, and a single device for feeding hearth layer and a layer of pellets to the sinter strand. The apparatus also includes a device for crushing the hot material formed on the sinter strand, and means for recycling hot fines from the crushing station directly to the pelletizer. It 210 ------- further contains upgrading means such as a magnetic separator and hood means over the discharge end of the sinter strand, and the device for curshing sinter. ffa US 04 78 Clark, J. R. (Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas) , Process and composition for purification of water supplies and aqueous wastes. U.S. 3,388,060; filed Aug. 28, 1967; issued June 11, 1968. This water clarification process employs an acid-treated fly ash as an improved coagulant aid. Once the ash is recovered by conventional separating means, it is treated with an aqueous solution of either a strong mineral acid or a strong organic acid. It is practical to utilize about 2 parts by weight of acid per 1 part of fly ash. The fly ash can be recovered from the acid treatment by allowing the fly ash to settle and, then, drying the treated ash at about 105 C. When the acid-treated fly ash, a primary water-soluble inorganic coagulant, and at least one organic polyelectrolyte coagulant are added to waste water, they remove the organics and the phosphates from the treated water during the primary treatment step. US-0479 Chair, N. E. S., and L. D. Keller, (Owens-Illinois, Inc.), Recirculation system for treating spent pulping liquor smelt to recover sodium values as active sodium sulfite. U.S. 3,392,004; filed Dec. 24, 1964; issued July 9, 1968. This fluidi2ed bed operation may be used in a process which recovers sodium sulfite from spent pulping liquors. The spent liquors containing organic sulfonate and salts of organic acids are concentrated in multiple effect evaporators. This concentrate is sprayed into a furnace; the final water is 211 ------- Recycling flashed off, the organic material is burned and the inorganic material is converted to sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate which gather in the bottom of the furnace as a molten smelt. These smelt solids are reduced to a uniform, fine particle size which is capable of undergoing fluidization. The fine particles are placed in a hopper. Then, a fluidized medium in introduced into the upstanding elongate reactor. The medium strikes the end wall of the reactor, and then moves up the chamber where it contacts the solids being introduced laterally into the reactor. The solids are entrained in the medium and carried upward to turbulently contact the oxidizing gas, air. A collector receives the gases and solids flowing out of the reactor. The gases are vented, and a portion of the sodium sulfite and sodium sulfide is deposited in a produce reservoir while the rest of the solids are recycled through the reactor. 480. COOK- ING., L IQUOR 57* -tfc US-O480 Martin, M. F. Method of salvaging tire carcasses and articles made therefrom. U.S. 3,418,803; filed Feb. 13, 1967; issued Dec. 31, 1968. This method salvages tire carcasses by cutting them into elongated straps. The straps have a T-shaped end with the head being formed from the head portion of the carcass. The straps have an opening at the other end through which the T-shaped end may be put. The straps may be connected together end to end in belt 212 ------- fashion, or they may be made into links and connected together in chain fashion. US-0481 Rosenstein, N., and A. J. Rosenstein (Spunize Company of America), Method of converting v^-i^^l^ -^ ^V^fg^rj.—^ waste filamentary material into staple fiber. U.S. 3,429,018; filed Mar. 9, 1967; issued Feb. 25, 1969. A number of supply packages of waste synthetic filament thermoplastic and thermosetting material containing knots, excessive twist, and excessive finish are creeled. The ends of the packages are fed in the form of a web of spaced ends between counter-rotating rollers. The rollers are pressure loaded sufficiently to substantially destroy the knots and open the individual filaments. After passing the rollers, the material is stuffer box crimped while still in web form, and the crimps set. The resultant material is cut into staple lengths to produce a spinnable staple having three-dimensionally crimped fibers. 24 __ 29 44 46 .,, . li^tLo frr. _ jL___l' 48 JL JL S»f"T J^JjUSMf. II < TSL 45 US-0482 Merges, H. A. Method and apparatus for reclaiming rubber scrap. U.S. 3,460,769; filed July 12, 1966; issued Aug. 12, 1969. 12435 Vulcanized rubber scrap is reclaimed by heating and intimately mixing it with additives after the scrap has been pulverized. This heated mixture is subjected to centrifugal forces while being exposed in a matter of seconds to friction, milling, shearing, and crushing forces in a pulsating manner. The apparatus includes a pair of discs which are situated in a suitable housing and which are capable of subjecting the material to centrifugal force while also exposing the material to the friction, milling, shearing and crushing forces. It is possible to supply steam to the apparatus, and temperature of the steam will be determined in accordance with the material which is treated. In order to prevent agglomerations of the plasticized particles, a uniformly fine powdering or dusting of the treated material with zinc stearate is provided so that an easier and more homogeneous mixing can take place during further treatment. USO483 Bellamy, W. D. (General Electric Company), Waste conversion process and product. U.S. 3,462,275; filed Jan. 31, 1968; issued Aug. 19, 1969. Solid, organic, biodegradable waste materials such as sewage, agricultural, and industrial 213 ------- Recycling wastes are treated with selected thermophilic microorganisms and heated to temperatures of from 45 C to 80 C with agitation while introducing oxygen to the mixture. The thermophilic microorganisms multiply under these conditions and convert the organic biodegradable waste materials to cellular proteinaceous materials and other cellular compounds. Pasteurized cellular proteinaceous materials and other pasteurized cellular compounds, which find utility as animal feed supplements and as sources of extractable proteins, are produced by employing temperatures of over 55 C. The pasteurized liquid simultaneously produced can be discharged without further treatment unless the phosphorus or nitrogen content is objectionable. US-O4S4 Elgin, J. C. (U.S. Rubber Reclaiming Company, Inc.), Molding compositions containing nylon and rubber from scrap tire cord material. U.S. 3,468,974; filed Mar. 21, 1966; issued Sept. 23, 1969. 3 to 35 percent vulcanized rubbery hydrocarbon elastomeric material. This material is provided by extrusion pelletizing tire cord material from which a major portion of elastomeric material has been removed. In a typical example, bales of nylon tire cord remaining after removal of rubber from tires for a rubber reclaiming operation were analyzed and found to contain 12.8 percent rubber, 5.9 percent cellulose and 80.9 percent nylon. The nylon from these bales was chopped and then pelleted at 275 F giving dense pellets of the following analyses: 12.8 percent rubber, 6.5 percent cellulose, and 80.5 percent nylon. The pellets were injection molded at 500 F cylinder temperature and 200 F mold temperature. The pieces were ASTM tensile and impact bars. Data are given for tensile strength, Izod impact, stiffness, and other properties. US-0485 Dalberg, L. E., and H. Dalberg. Solid waste reclaiming method and system. U.S. 3,477,649; filed Sept. 26, 1967; issued Nov. 11, 1969. A system for reclaiming useful materials from the solid waste in metropolitan areas comprises a feed hopper which supplies the waste to a series of treating devices. The waste is first sized and then beaten to separate unlike materials. The mass of Hhe waste is then passed through tumbling drums where magnetic materials, plastic film, and paper are successively removed and collected separately, then to an apparatus for removing and collecting rubber and rags successively, and finally to a ball mill where all remaining material is reduced to fines suitable for shipment to separation plants. In addition, fines are removed at each operating stage and are by-passed by a conveyor directly to the ball mill. Jets of air separate film plastics and paper and a vacuum removes them from the mass of waste. A molding composition contains from 64 to 91 percent of linear polyamide material and from An/mat and Vegetable By-Products US-0486 Graham, R. P., J. H. Thompson, and A. D. Shepherd (United States of America repr. by 214 ------- the Secretary of Agriculture), Separation of pear waste into its liquid and solid components. U.S. 2,614,933; filed Mar. 6, 1951; issued Oct. 21, 1952. This invention separates pear wastes into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction. The former portion contains minerals and carbohydrates and can be dried and used as animal feed. The latter fraction contains sugars that can be utilized for many purposes. The process of this disposal apparatus involves, basically, a two-stage liming of the pear waste. In the first stage, sufficient lime is added to the water to raise its pH to a level which activates the enzyme content of the waste. Resultant de-esterified products gel as they are formed, modifying the character of the waste. This makes possible separation into solid and juice components. The product, however, is then altered to further increase its rate of filtration and porosity. The treated waste is thus mixed with an additional amount of lime, leading to more chemical and/or physical changes. US 0487 Joffe, J. S. (J. S. Joffe, G. S. Pfaus, and R. A. Posner), Fertilizers and method of making same. U.S. 2,951,755; filed Dec. 10, 1958; issued Sept. 6, 1960. In making fertilizer from organic and inorganic materials, a starting ingredient, such as animal manure, is substantially dehydrated so that it remains stable. It is heat-converted in a conventional drier to a temperature at which the original water soluble and dispersible organic colloidal material is converted to an irreversible state. It is then ground and stored for later use. This base material is then mixed with one or more inorganic plant nutrients. Water is introduced into the mixture to dissolve the inorganic salts and allow reaction with the moistened organic material. The reacting mixture is dusted with a fine powder of the organic material in order to coat the exposed salt crystals. This mixture is then covered with a surface layer of coating material which is slowly permeable to water. Leaching plant nutrients is retarded and their release for use is controlled and regulated. and detoxification of castor bean pomace. U.S. 3,101,266, filed Sept. 13, 1960; issued Aug. 20, 1963. The deallergenization and detoxification of castor bean pomace provides a product having both organic and inorganic nutritive value as a fertilizer. Castor bean pomace, water, and calcium hydroxide are combined to give a mixture having a pH in the range of about 9.5 to 12.5. The alkaline mixture is heated at about 100 to 120 C for a time interval of about 8 to 60 minutes. This treatment inactivates the allergen and destroys the toxic components. The pomace product is used as an alkaline fertilizer or the reaction mixture is partially or completely neutralized to give a pomace-calcium phosphate solid. This is a unique combination fertilizer. US-0489 Villadsen, K. J. S., and K. J. Moller (Aktieselskabet Grindstedvaerket), Processing citrus fruits. U.S. 3,347,678; filed Dec. 17, 1962; issued Oct. 17, 1967. This invention treats the waste pulp from citrus juice production in order to increase the yield of juice from a given amount of fruit. The invention provides for complete removal of remaining flesh from the peel in order to make the peel better suited for subsequent use. The albedo or white constituents may be easily removed to obtain the flavedo, or colored constituents for further processing. This process follows the previously known procedure to obtain a first batch of juice containing the constituents insuring a desired amount of cloudiness. The removed solids are then subject to a treatment with pectolytic enzymes for a prolonged period at room temperature, or for a shortened period at increased temperatures. This liberates a further substantial amount of juice. The enzymes are also used with the citrus shells from which the flesh has been removed for juice production. The process thus comprises the step of subjecting the pulp remaining after pressing a first batch of juice from the flesh of citrus fruits and, if desired, the shells. US-O488 Spies, J. R., E. J. Coulson, and P. A. Wells (United States of America repr. by the Secretary of Agriculture), Deallergenization US-04SO Vincent, D. B. Waste heat recovery systems for dehydrating pulpy solids and syrup forming liquid. U.S. 3,349,827; filed Jan. 24, 1966; issued Oct. 31, 1967. This drying and evaporating system of low heat requirements combines direct heat drying, flash 215 ------- Recycling evaporation, and secondary heat exchange to utilize and capture for further evaporation practically all of the energy supplied to the system. Very little energy is sent to wasteful exhaust. Specifically, the invention employs moisture-laden exhaust gases from a r cote CONDENSER ISO" <-'£* /S2 /00. VENT STACK FOR EXHAUST GAS flash evaporator as an energy source to concentrate liquors that have passed through the flash evaporator. This is done by drawing a vacuum within an evaporation tube bundle. Here the liquors boil to provide a lower boiling point temperature than the dew point temperature in the exhaust gases from the flash evaporator passing over the tubes. The dew point temperature is then raised in the exhaust gases by recycling these gases through the furnace from the dryer for recovery of energy from the exhaust gases. The apparatus is applicable for such wastes as citrus cannery wastes. LIOIMD-CAS .... CYCLONIC SEPARATOR "* ^ '0? EXHAUST DIRECT GAS DELIVERY HEAT JACKET FURNACE US-0491 Jemal, E. J. (Mine and Smelter Supply Company), Apparatus for recovery of tallow. U.S. 3,355,255; filed Oct. 8, 1965; issued Nov. 28, 1967. This apparatus separates and recovers tallow from waste animal flesh in slaughterhouses, butcher shops, etc. After the tallow has been melted by hot gasses a-id separated from the flesh on partitions, a vertical, hollow shaft is employed for the recovery operation. The shaft is rotatably mounted centrally in the housing by means of suitable bearings. It carries a number of melted tallow-collecting trays which are rotatable with the shaft and are disposed under the respective partitions, so that melting tallow passing through may be collected in the trays. Material is treated in an uppermost zone, drops to a lower one, and continues dropping until it is in the lowermost zone in the housing. An agent such as charcoal may be pieced in the tray for purifying and/or deodorizing the extracted tallow before its delivery through an outlet. US-0492 Kviesitis, B. , and W. E. Rogerson (Vylactos Laboratories, Inc.), Preparation of animal feed 216 ------- from oat hulls. U.S. 3,395,019; filed Oct. 18, 1965; issued July 30, 1968. The process of preparing an animal feed consists of: grinding of a mass of oat hulls mixed with water for a predetermined period of time, at a temperature of between 50 and 100 P; adding and mixing a quantity of yeast for approximately one hour at a temperature of 65 to 90 F; baking the mixture and adding to it a water and molasses solution; mixing again for 20 minutes and drying the mass in a dryer. A fish derivative may be substituted for the molasses. The preliminary baking of the yeast-oat hull-water mixture is for the purpose of modifying its starch and protein characteristics, to dry it, and to expand the pores of the material. This is performed at a temperature of 230 to 320 F for 30 to 45 minutes. The last drying period is continued until the moisture content is 0.5 to 5.0 percent. US-0493 Carter, M. W., and E. L. Wiser. Sewage disposal process and system for meat packing wastes. U.S. 3,429,806; filed Mar. 24, 1967; issued Feb. 25, 1969. US-O494 Okamura, H. (H. S. Nishigahara, and Fuji Spinning Company Limited), Method of disintegrating leather or leather scrap. U.S. 3,441,470; filed Mar. 10, 1966; issued Apr. 29, 1969. Defective leather scrap is effectively utilized for fabricating woven or non-woven leather goods by retaining collagen fibers from the defective scrap. The method consists of dipping defective leather into warm water containing a non-ionic active agent, rotating the treated leather, dipping again into warm water, and detanning the leather. The treated leather is rotated in a dilute alkaline solution and then washed. The leather is then treated in a urea solution, washed, and then partially dehydrated. Sulfonated olive oil emulsion is added to the treated leather, and the leather is then beaten and pressed against a card clothing roll for disintegration. The detanning is carried out by dipping the treated leather into a dilute solution of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, or citric acid, or into an organic solution of caustic soda, acetone, or methanol. The dilute alkaline solution is selected from the group consisting of caustic soda, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and barium hydroxide. A process is given for the treatment of packing house waste resulting from cleaning the carcasses after the slaughtering operation and washing the manure from the packing house and the corrals. The wastes flow through a series of stabilization ponds and an aeration pond with the contents of the aeration pond being recirculated back through the stabilization ponds and the overflow from the aeration pond being discharged into a stream. The recirculated contents of the aeration pond constitute a soil conditioner and when combined with suitable chemicals may be used as a fertilizer. US 0495 Smith, W. H. (Birko Chemical Corporation), Treatment of animal by-products. U.S. 3,475,179; filed Jan. 23, 1967; issued Oct. 28, 1969. Edible non-muscle animal by-products of the meat packing industry, which have been initially washed with alkaline detergents, are washed in at least one warm aqueous solution of a non-toxic, hydroxy organic acid to reduce the pH of the effluent water to about neutral. The temperature range of the solution is 100 to 150 F. The by-product is subsequently treated with an aqueous solution of a non-toxic, hydroxy organic acid at a substantially lower temperature followed by a cool water rinse. Such treatment of by-products provides means for reducing the animal unit cost of the industry. The treatment is applicable to offal, tallow, tripe, and other non-muscle products. US-0436 Moustafa, A. Oleaginous material reclamation process. U.S. 3,476,570; filed Jan. 22, 1968; issued Nov. 4, 1969. Edible oleaginous materials from damaged parchment wrappers, cartons, and related 217 ------- Recycling plastic containers (packaging materials), commonly used in the consumer packaging of margarine and related oleaginous products are reclaimed. Since these packaging materials are often damaged in the process of manufacturing, it is highly desirable to reclaim the adhering and/or absorbed oleaginous materials from them. The reclaiming process comprises the following five basic steps: a melting of the oleaginous fat from the packaging materials; a screening (in the case of plastic containers screening is preceded by shredding); a washing of the packaging materials and further screening; a centrifuging of the resultant emulsion; and a vacuumizing of the reclaimed oleaginous materials resulting in recovery of a pure oil. of the strands and release (without loss) the juice content to enable the grass to coagulate while stored in a silo. The nutritive value of the grass is thus maintained, as well as Ztu. the moisture, while obviating the looseness of the mass (the cause of air pockets). In this apparatus, a cylindrical housing holds a rotor which is adapted to serve as a heater. Material is induced by a forced draft-creating means (the rotor creates this draft), and passed directly between beater blades and a crushing plate. Grass becomes adequately crushed at a speed directly proportional to the velocity at which the grass passes into and out of the casing. Adjustments in the speed of rotation of the combined fan and beater can be easily made. Cellulose Products US-0497 Buen, A. A. (Pullman (Patent) Product Limited), Apparatus for the treatment of grass and plants to produce silage. U.S. 2,709,958; filed May 8, 1952; issued June 7, 1955. 43 US-0498 Farber, E. (Timber Engineering Company), Process for preparing s;oil improvement materials. U.S. 2,735,756; filed June 16, 1953; issued Feb. 21, 1956. This soil conditioner is prepared from wood products and a mineral acid. Wood which has been ground and dried is mixed with water by spraying the water on the wood or by other means. To this mixture is added the desired mineral acid and the mass thoroughly mixed. The resulting mixture Is heated and dried. Variations upon this method are given. The product obtained is effective as an agent for improving soils in which seeds are to be germinated and plants are to be grown. Using this apparatus to pretreat green crops before loading them into a silo, it is possible to crush the grasses to decrease the resilience US-0499 Sproull, R. C., and C. D. Cone (Southern Lumber Company), Process for producing nitrogenated and phosphorylated fertilizer, mulch, and soil conditioner. U.S. 2,881,066; filed Mar. 23, 1956; ifisued Apr. 7, 1959. Comminuted wood-like material is chemically reacted with an aqueous; solution of about 6.5 218 ------- percent urea, 45. 7 percent phosphoric acid, and 47.8 percent water at a temperature of from 80 to 100 C. Under such conditions, water insoluble nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are chemically bonded within the wood-like material. After a reaction time of about 1 the material is washed and then dried at a maximum temperature of 110 C so that hr, 1°—fe%ftf VMTEKIAL \ D.I,' .'/lif.'S T.IA? / r DRYER •r \ Te carbonization and loss of nitrogen does not occur. The weight ratio of wood to solution is approximately 0.83 to 0.15. The wood-like material way be derived from conifer, or may be in the form of bark or sawdt'St. The finished product contains about 4 percent nitrogen and about 15 percent phosphorus. The combined fertilizer, mulch, and soil conditioner releases the nutrients slowly through decay processes, thus providing a sustained fertilizer having the benefits of more humus-like materials. US-O500 Kranz, C. L., and T. A. Groner. Composition for building blocks. U.S. 2,899,325; filed Sept. 25, 1956; issued Aug. 11, 1959. A building block composed of, by volume, 5 parts sawdust, 1 part sand, 1 part cement, 0.85 to 1.25 parts finely powered burnt gypsum, and 0.15 to 0.25 parts powdered pine rosin has a high insulating value, high strength, is easily worked with, and is sweat-proof, fire-proof, and termite-proof. USO501 Boomer, D. R., E. T. Clapperton, and R. C. Phillips (Wooduse, Inc.), Continuous process for conversion of ligno-cellulose materials. U.S. 2,901,339; filed Dec. 27, 1955; issued Aug. 25, 1959. Wood wastes are treated to produce agricultural nutrient carriers and soil conditioning agents. Sawdust, bagasse, and the like are mixed with an aqueous solution of a mineral acid. The fluid mixture is conveyed through a reaction zone in which the desired conversion takes place. The mixture is conveyed through the reaction chamber by means of a stream of hot gases. These gases also function as the heat transfer medium to bring the material to the desired reaction chamber by means of a stream of hot gases. These gases also function as the heat transfer medium to bring the material to the desired reaction temperature. Solids are separated from the gases and scrubbed with water. The solid product is quenched with water to stop the reaction and then treated with ammonia or other food supplements. The product formed is uniformly treated even though the particle size may vary over a wide range. US-0502 Burton, R. E. (Union Luntber Company), Process of preparing a soil conditioner from subdivided bark. U.S. 2,995,434; filed Dec. 13, 1957; issued Aug. 8, 1961. Sewage effluent or industrial waste is treated by trickling it through a bed of chopped bark. 219 ------- Recycling The final product Is useful as a soil conditioner and fertilizer. Sewage effluent or industrial waste water is screened to remove solids, settled, and ponded. It is then pumped and trickled through a filter bed which may be several feet thick. Preferably it is made up Sewage effluent Pond Pump Redwood Bark f-r ^.'/-jl ?..l-r~ '' —--Pile (dry ) -17 Fertilizer •~ a Soil Conditioner Pond - \ Dltchorg* to Slreofn or Chlorlnolor Slim* 17 17 of chopped fibrous or cork barks. As the liquid is trickled through the bark filter, slime grows on the bark and contains substantial quantities of bacteria. The slime has a very high nitrogen content. Treatment is continued until the filter is exhausted, the treated bark is removed, and new bark is introduced into the filter. Treated bark is placed in piles to dry and cure for two weeks or more. The slime dries and is completely absorbed by the fibers of the bark. Water discharged from the filter has little or no BOD and no pollution occurs. US-0503 Renwick, C. S. Method of making a humus carrier for plant nutrients. U.S. 3,034,882; filed July 6, 1959; issued May 15, 1962. Wood chips are treated with organic fertilizers to render them useful as a fertilizer storage medium. Any species of wood can he used. The chips used are 3/4 in. long and 1/4 in. thick, and smaller chips are screened and discarded. Drying of the chips is followed by processing while the chips are still hot, which involves placing the chips in a rotating drum and adding a cold solution of liquid chemical fertilizer. Silicate of soda solution is then thoroughly mixed and agitated with the chips in a rotary type mixer. Exposure of the chips to the atmosphere is the final step. These fertilizer-impregnated wood chips increase the soil friability and allow fertilizer to escape over an extended interval. USO504 Fontaine, P. J. (Goodman Manufacturing Company), Wood chipper. U.S. 3,123,311; filed Aug. 29, 1960; issued Har. 3, 1964. A rotary disc chipper is designed for producing wood chips for use in the manufacture of wood pulp. The wood stock to be chipped is placed in a chute which is at a 38 degree angle to the chipper disc. Chipper knives are mounted on the disc and cut the wood stock with a scissors effect. This inexpensive mechanism produces a maximum percentage of high quality wood chips with a minimum of vibration and chattering. US-0505 Formaini, R. L. , and D. P. Schutz (Allied Chemical Corporation), Process for preparing a fertilizer containing water-insoluble nitrogen from ammonia and wood. U.S. 3,146,087; filed Jan. 29, 1962; issued Aug. 25, 1964. This fertilizer contains a water-insoluble nitrogen of high agronomic value and is prepared from finely divided celJulosic materials by oxidation and ammoniation. Wood chips or sawdust are placed in a reactor in which the temperature is controlled by indirect cooling. 220 ------- Gaseous nitrogen dioxide is fed over a period of 2 to 20 hr through the bottom of the reactor. Water, vapor, and nitric oxide form and are displaced upward and out of the reactor. Ammonia is added at a temperature of 185 to 230 C and a pressure of 1500 to 3000. The final product is a fertilizer of high agronomic value. US-0506 Sproull, R. C., G. A. Pierce, and R. M. Tokarz (The Chesapeake Corporation of Virginia), Method of making fertilizer, mulch, and soil conditioner. U.S. 3,218,149; filed Feb. 25, 1963; issued Nov. 16, 1965. A combined fertilizer, mulch, and soil conditioner has a bark or sawdust base which is ground or pulverized in a suitable grinding means to a particle size which will pass through a one-eighth in. screen. This base material is conveyed to a reaction mixer and preheated by steam while on the conveyor to a temperature of 140 F to 160 F. Water, solid potassium hydroxide, and solutions of phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, and urea-ammonia solution are supplied to the base from storage containers. The mixed mass and solution are conveyed from the reaction mixer to the dryer. From the dryer, the material is transferred by an air conveyor to a cyclone separator. The material fed out of the separator is passed to a storage bin. From the storage bin, it goes to an automatic bagging device. The final product has plant nutrients integrally bonded with the base elements for controlled delayed release of the nutrients from the base elements. US-0507 Brandts, T. G., D. E. Helleur, R. M. Hopkins, and R. G. Boivin (Consolidated Paper Limited) Fibrous products from barking waste. U.S. 3,224,925; filed May 21, 1962; issued Dec. 1965. 21 BOARD PKXXCT The process for making fibrous boards from waste raw cellulosic material comprises disintegrating barking waste, obtained from wood having a stringy fibrous inner bark, into a fibrous wood fraction, a fibrous bark fraction, and a non-fibrous bark fraction. This disintegration is such that the wood fraction of the barking waste is substantially not disintegrated, while the fibrous bark fraction is disintegrated to substantially fiber-size and the non-fibrous bark fraction is disintegrated to relatively fine dimensions. The wood 221 ------- Recycling fraction is separated from the fibrous and non-fibrous bark fractions. Then the fibrous bark fraction is further separated from the non-fibrous bark fraction, and the wood fraction is disintegrated to fiber size. The disintegrated fibrous bark fraction and the disintegrated fibrous wood fraction are then blended together in suitable proportions and the blend is formed into a pressed, dried, product. US-0508 Burgon, W. F. (Canadian Forest Products Limited), Processes for the production of phosphate products. U.S. 3,239,329; filed July 29, 1963; issued Mar. 8, 1966. A process is provided for the production of bark-phosphate products of controlled P205 content, while utilizing substantially all of of the P205 present in the phosphate rock starting material. The apparatus reduces the quantity of mineral acid required from outside the system. Sawdust may be used in place of bark in the process to accomplish the rapid development of water soluble P205 from phosphate rock. Phosphate rock and moist bark are ground together to form a coating of rock particles upon the bark particles. A solution of sulfuric acid is added to the mixture, before the entire mixture is dried. Agitation causes the bark organic acids to undergo surface condensation and assisits in binding the calcium in the phosphate rock to produce a product having a mineral acid, organic acid calcium, and water soluble phosphate coating. The product is then extracted with an aqueous liquid. Part of the extracted liquor is later used in the acidulation step of the next cycle. US-0509 Illingworth, R. H. (Garden State Paper Company, Inc.), De-inking printed waste cellulosic stock. U.S. 3,354,026; filed Sept. 5, 1963; issued Nov. 21, 1967. A product formed by sulfating the fatty acyl of 4-amino butanol-2 is used as the active agent in de-inking printed waste cellulosic stock. Between 0.1 and 3.0 percent by weight of the waste stock is the amount of de-inking agent used. The waste stock is less than 10 percent by weight of the aqueous solution whose temperature is about 100 to 165 F and whole pH ranges between 9 and 10.5. The waste stock and the agent are pulped together in aqueous solution until the ink particles have been separated from the cellulosic fibers. US-0510 Lea, N. S., and J. S. Brawn (Scott Paper Company), Flotation apparatus and recovery and utilization of wood fi'ies from mill wastes. U.S. 3,367,495; filed Sept. 22, 1964; issued Feb. 6, 1964. 222 ------- In the manufacture of paper from wood, a wood chipper reduces the wood fed into it to chips of varying size. These chips are placed on a small mesh screen and those which remain on the screen are converted. The mixture of wood waste and impurities is submerged in an aqueous bath. A downward force is applied to the mixture in the bath and forcibly conducts the mixture downward into the bath and the mixture is released from the pressure in a short period of time. Upon completion of the above operation, the good wood has a tendency to rise in the bath while the impurities sink. US4511 Mescher, H. E. (Pacific Scientific Company), Waste converter. U.S. 3,376,202; filed Oct. 8, 1964; issued Apr. 2, 1968. This furnace converts waste material such as wood, paper, and grain hulls into charcoal and gas products. Raw material is supplied to the heated rotatable retort where it is converted into charcoal. A conduit within the retort conveys the combustible gases away from the retort. The gas pressure within the retort is automatically maintained at atmospheric pressure during its operation. Combustible gases are recycled by using the heat produced when they are burned in a flange stack to heat the retort. US-0512 Illingworth, R. H. (Garden State Paper Company, Inc.), De-inking printed waste cellulosic stock utilizing an admixture of alkyl sulfates and alkyl aryl sulfonates. U.S. 3,377,234; filed Sept. 5, 1963; issued Apr. 9, 1968. Waste printed paper can be de-inked by pulping together printed cellulosic material in an aqueous solution having as the active de-inking agent an admixture of 20 to 30 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate and 1 to 4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The printed cellulosac material comprises below 10 percent of the aqueous solution (by weight), and the agent mixture is about 0.3 to 3 percent by weight of the cellulose material. The aqueous solution has an alkaline pH until after washing, when the pH is reduced to between 4.0 and 6.0. The de-inking agent also contains 55 to 70 parts of sodium polyphosphate along •with the sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The temperature of the aqueous solution may range between 40 to 200 F. Small amounts of trisodium phosphate, borax, caustic soda, soda ash, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and carboxymethyl cellulose are also added to the main ingredients of the de-inking agent. US 0513 Ilander, N. (Aktienbolaget Nordiska Armaturfabrikerna), Apparatus for charging a continuous digester. U.S. 3,388,038; filed Dec. 7, 1964; issued July 11, 1968. Methods and apparatus are provided for charging a lignin-containing fibrous material, such as wood chips, into a continuously operating digester with provision for pretreatment of this material under conditions, both physically and chemically, different from those in the digester. Raw material together with pretreating liquid are introduced into two pretreatment charging containers interconnected so as to provide valve-controlled alternating circulation of the steam-heated digesting liquid which is withdrawn by means of a circulating pump via a heat exchanger from the digester. The valve 223 ------- Recycling arrangement is such that the charging containers can be connected or disconnected from the digesting liquid circulation. After pretreatment with impregnating liquid, which enters the chambers by separate conduits, chips are fed from the containers into the digester by means of motor-operated screw feeders. By alternating the charge containers an uninterrupted processing cycle is maintained. The finished product is led out of the system via an outlet conduit at the bottom of the digester. US-0514 Illingworth, R. H. (Garden State Paper Company, Inc.), De-inking printed waste cellulosic stock with nonionic detergent and a polyol. U.S. 3,392,083; filed July 3, 1967; issued July 9, 1967. WATER SOURCE REACTOR L [WASTE PAPER] WASHER t THICKENER {3STAGF.)M WEB FORMING WASTE EFFLUENT This process de-inks waste paper by pulping the paper with a polyol such as a glycol and a nonionic surface active agent. This combination will de-ink all types of waste printed cellulosic stock, regardless of the type of ink or printing technique originally utilized in producing the paper. The polyols suitable for use are those compounds having more than one hydroxyl (-Oil) group, each of which is attached to separate carbon atoms of an alphatic skeleton. This group includes glycols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, and also such compounds as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2 ,6-hexanctriol, sorbitol, and inositol. The nonionic detergents suitable for use may be described as water-soluble synthetic nonionic surface active agents containing a polyoxyalkylene chain of at least two alkenoxy groups, and derived from alkyl phenolic compounds in which the total number of alkyl carbon atoms is between four and 24. The weight ratio of nonionic detergent to polyol may vary from about 10:1 to 1:10, but is preferably about 2:1 to 1:2. After water is charged to the reactor, but prior to the addition of waste paper, the de-inking agents are added to the pulpeir. The solution should be kept at room temperature, and an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or salt should be added to maintain the pH of the de-inking solution between about 7.0 and 10. The pulp produced from the use of this method can be utilized to make newsprint, magazine, or book stock. US-OS 15 tea, N. S., and D. E. Kotzerke (Scott Paper Company), Soda cook of acid sulfite knotter rejects. U.S. 3,393,121; filed Feb. 5, 1965; issued July 16, 1968. This process prepares pulp from acid sulfite knotter rejects. The rejects include knots, uncooked and partially cooked wood chips, pieces of bark,, dirt, and fiber bundles. The knotter rejects are obtained in the usual way from a normal acid sulfite pulping process. After being diluted, the rejects are passed to a screen which separates the large knots, pieces of wood, and bark frorr the desirable portion of the slurry, A seccnd screen with an even smaller mesh filters the material to obtain the fraction for soda cooking. The percentage of undesirable material commonly removed by this step is about 25 percent. Usually a vibratory screen is used with a mesh of about 1/2 in. by about 1 1/4 in. during, the first screening step. The second screening device can be of the type normally used for separating pulp fiber from the unwanted material in a conventional acid sulfite process and may be, for example, a Johnson Knotter screen with openings of 1/4 in. diameter. Finally, the pulp fibers are soda cooked to obtain pulp. The pulp is of low bleachability and high quality. Sommer, H., H. Bestian, and D. Bergmann (Farbwerke Hoechst A.G.), Recovery of fibrous material from waste waters of the paper, cardboard and cellulose industry by addition of condensation of urea and an alkylene-imine. U.S. 3,399,110; filed Mar. 11, 1965; issued Aug. 27, 1968. 224 ------- This recovery method for fibrous waste material improves the speed of flotation as well as the clearing effect and constitutes an improvement economically. The process comprises the addition to the waste water of a nitrogenous product obtained by the condensation of urea and a member selected from the group consisting of an 1,2-alkylcnneimine, carrying a substitutable hydrogen atom at the nitrogen atom and oligomers thereof. The nitrogenous product is used in the amount of 0.1 to A percent referred to the solid and suspended particles. The condensation product of 1 mol of urea and 1 mol of ethylene-imine is used as nitrogenous product. US-0517 Leonor, M. F. (E. Robertson), Carbonization of bagasse. U.S. 3,436,312; filed Aug. 29, 1962; issued Apr. 1, 1969. This process of carbonizing bagasse is characterized in that the carbonized product is of acceptable bulk density while the inconvenience of briquetting is avoided. Green bagasse, having a residua] sugar content, is carbonized by contacting the bagasse with sulfuric acid to reduce its weight by more than about 20 percent, followed by further separating the bagasse residue from the contacting medium. The separated residue is heated in the substantial absence of oxygen to produce a fully carbonized bagasse of high bulk density. The carbonized product can be in the form of relatively small particles, relative to the common sizes for briquettes, so that it is in better form of utilization as fuel. Cif <3-;i I ts frJCf. Co-aari tei£ Gi &KA3Sf /fef/%fW ------- Recycling drying the bagasse, is derived from distillation products such as gas, tar, and methanol resulting from the conversion process without any extraneous supply of fuel beyond that necessary to initiate the operation. In the case of wood, the material is first ground into particles of sawdust before it is fed into the three stages of the system. waste. The slurry is heated with direct steam to approximately 160 C for a period of about 3 hr, and then digested slurry is pulped at about 35 C for between 3 and 5 minutes. The solids content of the resulting pulp is increased to approximately 30 percent. Finally, the pulp is bJeached as required to achieve a desired brightness. Murphy, T. L. (M. T. Reed Construction Company) , Method for treating corrugated waste paper and product produced thereby. U.S. 3,440,134; filed Oct. 15, 1965; issued Apr. 22, 1969. SCREW CONVEYOR (•WITH MIXING PADDLES. -SPMY HEADS 10 STEAM- DIGESTER Metals US-0520 Thompson, W. E. (Harris Foundry and Machine Company), Charging box for a machine for operating on metal scrap. U.S. 2,932,247; filed Oct. 27, 1958; issued Apr. 12, 1960. 12 TO WASHER AND BLEACHER This method utilizes waste corrugated cardboard and paper in the production of acceptable stock for use in conventional paper making. The method comprises comminuting waste corrugated cardboard end paper and forming a slurry of this waste. The solids content of the waste in slurry form is adjusted to about 20 percent. The comminuted waste slurry is digested with caustic soda in an amount consisting of 10 percent by weight of the 226 ------- A charging box Is comprised of a box-like receptacle having an open top, a pair of opposed upright walls, a pair of opposed upright ends, and a bottom wall that includes a central portion hinged to a pair of -126 opposite edge sections on parallel axes, allowing pivotal movement between horizontal and upright positions. Each of the two side walls of the box has a lower portion secured to the corresponding bottom wall edge, and an upper portion hinged to the lower portion on an axis parallel to the axes that allow pivotal movement between the end walls. One of the end walls is provided with an approximately rectangular portion capable of movement toward the inside of the receptacle; the other has a rectangular opening coextensive with the corresponding end edges of the central bottom wall and whose height and width at the top are at least equal to the width of the bottom edge portions. A reciprocating hydraulic motor is connected to the bottom edge portions enabling them to pivot independently of each other. It also connects to the upper portions of the side walls in order to allow them to pivot, and to the end wall portion for moving it toward and away from the opposite end wall opening. US-0521 Anderson, B. E., and W. C. Larson (American Smelting and Refining Company), Sorting of scrap metal. U.S. 2,942,792; filed July 30, 1957; issued June 28, 1960. ff 199. A process enhances the grade of light metal scrap, especially aluminum scrap, recovered from composite light metal scrap. The process involves subjecting the scrap to gravity separation in a water suspension of finely divided ferrous solids to recover a light metal portion from the scrap. This recovered portion is melted. The improvement comprises drying and then agitating the recovered portion prior to melting it, thereby removing from it the finely divided ferrous solids adhering to it. OS-0522 Proler, S. (Proler Steel Corporation), Scrap refining process and product. U.S. 2,943,930; filed Oct. 27, 1959; issued July 5, 1960. A process of refining a raw ferrous bearing scrap material comprises shredding the raw material and separating the more ferrous bearing shredded material from the less ferrous bearing shredded material. The more ferrous bearing shredded material is roasted at a temperature sufficient to remove substantially all non-ferrous metals--about 1,300 to 1,800 F. The pieces of the more ferrous bearing shredded material are individually compacted and baled up to densify the material, while maintaining the individuality of the separate pieces. In this manner, a fluent mass is obtained. US-0523 Ankersen, B. R. Furnaces. U.S. 3,031,176; filed May 4, 1959; issued Apr. 24, 1962. A furnace for the heating of billets, forging blanks, etc. makes it possible to continuously heat or he£-t treat the 227 ------- Recycling material at high temperatures without causing any significant oxidation or corrosion on the surfaces of the articles being treated. An outer cylindrical housing, adapted to be rotated about its axis, is provided, as well as an inner heat resistant lining on the inner periphery of said housing. A conveyor passing through the housing defines a separate heating area and a treating area and serves as a means for carrying work through the housing in the treating area. This conveyor receives radiant heat from the lining, the means for heating the latter being provided by a separate heating area during rotation. A means for introducing a protective atmosphere in the conveyor is described. US-0524 Lowry, J. W., W. S. Peterson, and T. W. F. Foster (Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation) , Reclamation of metallic values from aluminum dross. U.S. 3,043,678; filed Aug. 12, 1959; issued July 10, 1962. Free metal is recovered from dross or skimmings obtained from melts of aluminum and aluminum base alloys. Aluminum dross is placed inside a rotary furnace. A predetermined amount of salt flux in solid form is placed in the rotary furnace on top of the dross. The furnace is then rotated at a suitable rate of speed to obtain a violent tumbling or cascading action of the mixture of dross and salt flux to break up large lumps of dross. Heat is applied to the mixture to liquify the flux. After reaching a liquid state, the mixture is subjected to a gentle tumbling action. Droplets of the metal separate from the drosss and collect in a pool of metal. The liquid flux, intimately mixed with the dross particles, wets the oxides, nitrides, and non-metallic impurities to promote the separation of the metal from the dross. After rotating and heating for a proper length of time, the molten metal is drained from the furnace and the dross and flux residue dumped. US-0525 Sunday, E. G., and P. P. Taubenblat (American Metal Climax, Inc.), Process for smelting metallurgical, dusts. U.S. 3,123, 465; filed Sept. 8, 1958; issued Mar. 3, 1964. An improved process is provided for the pyrometallurgical smelting of finely divided oxidic materials containing lead, zinc, and tin to procure enhanced yields of metal values. The process separates completely any physically-entraiied molten metal from the otherwise barren residue. This is accomplished during the course of smelting in a stationary smelting chamber without resorting to extraneous treatment of the residue after smelting. Agglomerates consisting of the oxidic dust are fed in admixture with suitable amounts of carbonaceous material and soda ash through an inclined smelting chamber to provide a columnar charge. The zinc vapors drawn from the charge are condensed normally. The molten metal product filters through only a relatively small portion of the charge due to the tilted arrangement of the smelting chamber and channels along the lower sidewall eventually accumulating at the bottom of the furnace. A greater separation of the 228 ------- molten metal, therefore, results, leaving an essentially barren residue to be 10. liquid is added to animal drinking water, it provides a mineral supplement. 14 discarded without incurring any significant metal losses. US-0526 Williams, B. F. Method of providing fertilizer from metal mine waste. U.S. 3,135,595; filed June 13, 1962; June 2, 1964. Fertilizer is produced from waste mineral materials situated in mine dumps. The first step is to let water run over the exposed material in the mine waste dump to extract the soluble contents. The water is recirculated a number of times. It is then transferred to a processing tank provided with agitating devices. Pieces of iron are introduced into the tank to reduce the ferric sulfate to ferrous sulfate and precipitate out some of the copper. Sulfuric acid is added to the liquid to attain a desirable pH. Agitators in the. tank speed up the process. After this treatment, the liquid is removed and stored in suitable containers. It is applied by mixing it with the usual irrigation water. When the US-0527 Ankersen, B. R. Rotary salt bath furnaces. U.S. 3,137,752; filed Dec. 10, 1958; issued June 16, 1964 A furnace for heating metal objects free from corrosive influence has a container pivotally mounted to rotate on its bottom and encloses a salt bath. A housing is suspended above the container and extends into the salt bath in such manner that an access opening is formed between the container and the periphery of the housing. The housing is equipped with a heating means in a position to act upon the salt bath. An outlet for the combustion gases from the housing is featured. A conveyor is provided at a tangent to the periphery of the furnace to carry articles to be treated to the edge of the hearth, and an hydraulically operated load arm pushes the objects downward. As the hearth rotates the articles to be treated are heated to the desired temperature. US-0528 Stratford, H. W. Method of burning out barrels. U.S. 3,163,134; filed Nov. 4, 1963; issued Dec. 29, 1964. This method reclaims metal barrels or drums by safely burning out combustible vapor-producing 229 ------- Recycling residue on the interior surfaces. Treatment prior to burning out involves the. displacement of oxygen by a non-combustible gas, such as carbon dioxide. This operation decreases the chances of an explosion within the can. After this step, the barrel is inverted on a mesh conveyor and passed in Co a furnace or oven where it is subjected to flames to burn out the interior. After cooling, the residue chips or ash may be jarred out of the container by a sharp rap. US4J529 Ankersen, B. R. Rotary barrel salt bath furnaces. U.S. 3,206,182; filed Oct. 20, 1961; issued Sept. 14, 1965 A rotary barrel salt bath furnace for melting or heating highly oxidizable alloys and materials features an outer steel shell and a refractory lining and is heated by radial burners firing into an axial burner block opening. Spaced passages extend diagonally from the periphery of the furnace to an opening in its frustoconical end so as to discharge into a trough mounted on a rotary well which is rotatable on guide rolls. A charging chute is provided above the trough of the furnace into which metal chips may be fed, and from thence into the molten salt in the trough where they are carried into the furnace. The molten metal collects in the bottom of the furnace and is then discharged along with a protective coating of salt. The molten metal is separated in the well. The furnace is rotated on rollers by means of a motor, a driving rack, and a pinion. US-0530 Ankersen, B. R. Rotary barrel salt bath metal melting and testing furnaces. U.S. 3,215,421; filed Dec. 26, 1961; issued Nov. 2, 1965. With this furnace it is possible to continuously melt aluminum chips and similar fine scrap without excessive losses, or to melt aluminum, zinc, or similar lower melting metals from higher melting metals. A cylindrical furnace body features an outer metal shell and a refractory lining. A frustoconical end portion is provided at one end of the furnace body with an opening to which spaced elongated passages extend diagonally from the base of the frustoconical end portion. These passages serve to deliver fluid from the base of the frustoconical end to the opening mentioned., The metal chips to be melted are fed from a chute into various segments. The furnace body is rotated on carrier rolls in the conventional manner. The chips are immediately submerged by molten salt, 230 ------- carrying them beneath the surface and coating them before their exposure to oxidation. The salt is recirculated and used continuously. US-0531 Schott, C. C. Method and apparatus for continuously melting scrap vehicles. U.S. 3,367,769; filed July 22, 1965; issued Feb. 6, 1968. ///. ^-'fS /if @Cm,H "Tgfcn^^ffi Scrap vehicles are partially compressed in a squeezing apparatus and then lifted by a hoist and deposited on end, one on another, in the top opening of a furnace stack. An annular, water-cooled ledge, located between the bottom of the stack and the top of the combustion chamber, has an opening smaller than the stack for engaging the lowermost scrap vehicle and supporting the entire column of vehicles in the stack. Progressive melting of the lowermost scrap vehicle results in the descent of the others in the column. The molten metal is collected in the hearth. It is withdrawn from the hearth into a trough. The slag is separated from the molten metal, and the molten metal is deposited in a series of molds carried by an endless conveyor to a continuous pigging machine. US-0532 Stone, J. K. (Kaiser Industries Corporation), Process for producing aggregate containing oxygen steel process dust. U.S. 3,374,085; filed June 13, 1964; issued Mar. 19, 1968. Useable ferrous material is recovered from gases emitted from a steel-making furnace. The oxygen steel particles are mixed together with particles of not less than 20 microns in diameter and comprising a material compatible with iron in steel making operations, and with a cementitious agent. The three are mixed thoroughly to form a uniform mass. The mass is then shaped into pellets which can be fed into a high temperature furnace. The cementitious agent should be a cokable carbonaceous material or a calcium aluminate cement. Iron ore, lime, limestone, coke, coal, etc. can serve as the compatible substance. 231 ------- Recycling US-0533 Ankersen, B. R. Rotary hearth metal melting furnaces. U.S. 3,377,059; filed Dec. 27, 1965; issued Apr. 9, 1968. Using this furnace, it is possible to melt aluminum or similar oxidizable metal ingots, turnings, chips, and similar fine scrap without significant oxidation, at a high rate of speed, and without the expensive techniques previously proposed. The metal-melting furnace is composed of a circular hearth. Upstanding sidewalls can rotate about a vertical axis and are adapted to contain a molten metal bath. A roof is supported above the hearth and is vertically movable with respect to the sidewalls. The distance from roof to hearth ZZa is selectively adjustable. An opening in the roof has a portion adjacent to the axis for passing a metal charge to the hearth. A plow or blade, which extends radially below the roof into the metal bath, causes metal to flow across the bath to the center. A burner in the roof is positioned so as to incinerate any solid particles which may be contained in the exhausting flue gases. The plow directs molten metal across the radius of the bath and downward to carry charged metal pieces below the surface. Thi centrifugal force of the rotating hearth causes the molten metal to move from the axis to the periphery of the hearth and up the sidewall. The p]ow is adjusted on the roof. Upstanding ribs on the hearth cause rotation of the metal with the hearth. US-0534 Butterworth, A. A. Container and method of building a breakwater. U.S. 3,393,520; filed Sept. 7, 1965; issued July 23, 1968. 1 J-V.L-—I J/ This process utilizes sections of salvaged and obsolete ships for the building of breakwaters. After the hull is stripped by removal of the bow, stern, and all of the superstructure, it is cut into sections. The sections are welded together to form rectangular pieces with teeth along their bottom to hold them in place. When the pieces are placed end to end, they form a breakwater which won't shift or move laterally. US-0535 Elmore, M. E. (Bunker Hill Company), Recovery of lead from waste storage batteries. U.S. 3,393,876; filed Nov. 21, 1966; issued July 23, 1968. 232 ------- This process recovers metallic lead from waste storage batteries which have lead compound dust in the cells. The batteries are comminuted, or at least the cells, and the material is subjected to a sink flotation separation process. The valued and nonvalued particles are dispersed into separate regions of the liquid suspension of lead compound dust. The valued particles are removed from the suspension and charged into a smelting stage, together with the lead densification medium adhering to it. Then, a second section of batteries have its cells comminuted and subjected to the sink flotation process. US-0536 Lambert, B. F. Method of selectively removing solder from a vehicular radiator to produce an alloy specification product. U.S. 3,393,998; filed June 21, 1965; issued July 23, 1968. This process converts the copper and brass components of scrap vehicular radiators into a copper base casting alloy by removing the tin-lead solder used to hold the component parts together. The radiators are briquetted and, then, turibled in a heated, pitched, rotating tubular apparatus. Desired amounts of solder are selectively sweated from the radiators, and the melted solder flows into a slag buggy which collects the solder for reuse. The radiators can be agitated further on a conventional vibrating screen where additional solder can be removed. This process produces a copper-base alloy which satisfies a particular material specification: copper 79 percent; tin 2.4 percent; lead 7.2 percent; and zinc, the balance. 17. US-0537 Shoeld, M. Reclamation of lead-acid storage batteries. U.S. 3,395,010; filed July 20, 1967; issued July 30, 1968. This process recovers the constituent elements of lead-acid storage batteries including reuseable lead, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, and carbon dioxide. Within the storage batteries, layers of lead foil and lead peroxide are disposed between layers of kraft paper which are rendered acid-proof by the inclusion of small amounts of rubber latex. The components 233 ------- Recycling of the batteries are fed to a reaction zone substantially free of antimony. Heat is supplied by electric resistance heating which reduces the lead compounds and dissociates to a temperature above the melting temperature of the alkali metal but below the decomposition temperature of the insulation. The segments are preferably heated in an oil bath. US-0539 Oster, E. A. (Environ, Inc.)i Scrap recovery process. U.S. 3,429,022; filed July 28, 1965; issued Feb. 25, 1969. r * _L /i\ •— — a /l\ i ~ » i J IT « * X TUBE-- the sulfuric acid. The materials move down into the reaction zone which is located at the bottom of a gravity-fed chamber. Molten lead is removed from the zone separate from the exhaust gases. The exhaust gases, which Include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur trioxide, are directed to a washing zone where they are maintained at a temperature high enough to prevent the reformation of sulfuric acid. Useful values may be recovered from the exhaust gases. This recovery process requires heating temperatures in excess of 800 F. US-0638 Addis, G. I. (Union Carbide Corporation), Recovery of metal from insulated electrical cable. U.S. 3,428,447; filed Mar. 5, 1968; issued Feb. 18, 1969. Alkali metal is recovered from insulated alkali retal conductors by reducing the conductor to segments of a suitable size and heating the segments in an inert media A process of converting metallic objects, essentially sheet metal, into a comparatively dense, dirt, and rust free scrap product which is more readily amenable to magnetic 234 ------- separation consists of the disassembly and cleaning of metallic discards by repeated impacts. These impacts are applied to such articles by supporting them upon a rotating horizontal plate which carries the impacting members. The scrap metal being treated is completely unconfined and is held against the impacting members only by its own inertia. US-0540 Duval, L. A. Method of salvaging iron from riverbeds. U.S. 3,439,803; filed Dec. 21, 1964; issued Apr. 22, 1969. A valuable supply of iron exists in the riverbeds adjacent most basic industrial plants, particularly iron and steel making plants. Iron dust is discharged into the atmosphere and settles to the river bottom while scale is generally discharged directly into the river and settles to the bottom and forms a layer of slime. The slime enters the iron recovery plant and is roughly screened to remove large non-iron producing debris which is then discharged. The slime is then passed through magnetic separation stations which act in series to collect the course category iron particles and some of the intermediate category particles. The remaining tail is then passed into a gravity separation station operable to collect most of the intermediate particles. The tails from the gravity separation station may then be operated upon by froth-flotation and techniques to recover fine category particles remaining in the tails solution. US 0541 Bartu, F. (Maerz Ofenbau A.G.), Process of melting scrap or another solid metallic charge. U.S. 3,447,920; filed June 18, 1965; issued June 3, 1969. Solid metallic charge, such as scrap, is melted in a furnace comprised of two interconnected vessels--a preheating vessel and a melting vessel--which are arranged one behind the other and are used in alternation. The scrap is melted by burning an external fuel and the resulting hot flue gases are transferred to the preheating vessel for preheating the scrap. Both vessels are always heated at the same time by burning external fuels simultaneously. In the melting 235 ------- Recycling vessel, an oxygen-containing gas is used having a higher oxygen content than the oxygen-containing gas for burning the fuel in the preheating vessel. This practice enables the utilization of the good heat transfer from the flame formed in the combustion of fuel with hot air to the scrap when it is cold or has not yet been heated to the melting point. This practice also makes it possible to use oxygen only in that phase in which the flame of fuel and hot air has a poor heat efficiency. The final result is a reduction of the consumption of relatively expensive oxygen. US-0542 O'Reilly, B. (Nassau Smelting and Refining Company, Inc.), Processes of removing plastic insulation from wires and of controlling gases resulting therefrom. U.S. 3,448,509; filed 7eb. 5, 1964; issued June 10, 1969. The gases evolved in the reclaiming of conductor wires throug'i distillation of certain plastic insulations contain obnoxious constituents which must be reduced to tolerable levels before they can be released to the atmosphere. A quantity of plastic-insulated wire is placed in a chamber which is then sealed airtight both to enclose the chamber and to limit the amount of air. The wire is heated to a temperature sufficient to reduce the plastic to a crisp residue and to evolve gases from the plastic. The evolved gases are wet-scrubbed to remove1 obnoxious constituents. The heating step alone and in combination with the scrubbing step effects the reclamation of unoxidized wire and the control of the evolved gases. The crisp residue is ultimately removed. The plastic is polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl acetate. •jj»ii!if/.:w 3°\JjJ;^ US-0543 Bowden, J. J. Method of preheating and charging scrap to a EOF. U.S. 3,479,178; filed May 24, 1966; issued Nov. 18, 1969. Scrap is preheated before it is charged into a basic oxygen vessel by placing the scrap on cars which are driven through a tunnel-type furnace. A non-oxidizing atmosphere is maintained in the furnace and radiant heat is utilized to minimize the addition of objectionable oxides to the scrap. The scrap is heated to a temperature just short of the point where it loses its 236 ------- magnetism and a magnet is used to lift the scrap from the cars and deliver it to the vessel. The preheating is terminated when the steel scrap reaches a maximum temperature on the order of 1,300 F. Economies in the EOF process are affected because a shorter time period of use of the basic oxygen furnace is needed which accordingly increases the life of the furnace and reduces maintenance expense. A shorter operating time also makes it possible to use a greater amount of less expensive scrap, to use a lesser amount of more expensive pig iron, to two dissimilar metals are mechanically separated by breaking the weakened composite bond. The heating is carried out in an too 0 15 30 60 120 Z40 LOG TIME AT TtupCRATURE (uiwrcs) inert atmosphere at a temperature of from about 1,600 F to about 1,800 F for a time from about 20 minutes to about 3 hr. reduce oxidation losses in the furnace, and increase production. US-0544 Winter, J., and A. J. Goldman (Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation), Method for reclaiming composite metal scrap. U.S. 3,481,020; filed Feb. 28, 1967; issued Dec. 2, 1969. Composites made of different metals and/or alloys are separated by weakening the bond between the dissimilar metals in the composite by void formation at the bond interface, and/or grain boundary rupture in the vicinity of the bond interface, and/or formation of a brittle intermetallic phase at the bond interface. The components of the composite may be selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, and their base alloys. The composite is heated to an elevated temperature for a time sufficent to effect diffusion of at least two dissimilar metals into each other from opposite sides of the dissimilar metal interface in the composite in order to form voids. The US-0545 Uzdavines, E. A. Method of converting scrap automobile bodies to high grade pigs. U.S. 3,484,231; filed Apr. 7, 1966; issued Dec. 16, 1969. This device converts scrap automobile bodies into a form directly useable as a high grade charge for a steel furnace. Car bodies are placed on a conveyor for movement through a thermally insulated compartment. Initially, the bodies are heated to about 600 F in order to remove low temperature melting metals from the bodies,. During an intermediate step the bodies reach a temperature in the range of from 1,200 to 1,400 F. Finally, the bodies are heated to about 1,600 F before being dropped into a furnace at an operating temperature in excess of 2,600 F. Most contaminants are burned off before the bodies are deposited in the furnace, but if they aren't, the materials remain at the surface of the molten mass as a separable slag layer. Periodically, the furnace is tapped to draw off the molten metal into pig or billet forming molds, and the slag is disposed of in any desired manner. 237 ------- Recycling Incomplete combustion products produced in the form of smoke are drawn off and forced through the furnace bed to complete combustion and eliminate air pollution. US-O546 Vignos, J. C. (Ohio Ferro-Alloys Corporation), Treatment of slags. U.S. 2,546,936; filed June 2, 1949; issued Mar. 27, 1951. This process fractionally separates phosphorus as an iron-phosphorus alloy, from slags resulting from iron and steelmaking operations. The manganese is then separated. This is done instead of first reducing the combined oxides of phosphorus, sulfur, iron, manganese, etc. and next attempting to extract the phosphorus from the resulting alloy. The fractional separation mentioned occurs by adding a reducing agent which reacts with the slag to maintain it in the molten condition and at the same time cause substantially continuous agitation of the slag. It will also, if added in proper amounts, reduce the phosphorus oxide and sufficient iron oxide to combine with the phosphorus in the form of an iron-phosphorus alloy. This alloy may be readily segregated from the remaining managanese oxide-containing material. US-0547 Perrin, R. (Societe d'Electro-Chimie d'Electro- Metallurgie et des Acieries Electriques d'Ugine), Process for recovering managanese from basic open-hearth slag. U.S. 2,732,293; filed June 9, 1953; issued Jan. 24, 1956. This process recovers manganese from basic open-hearth slags. In the operation, the basic slag, containing iron and manganese oxides which also contain phosphorus and sulfur as impurities, is converted to an acid slag. This is accomplished by means of the addition of silica. The acid slag is next subjected to partial reduction. The amount of reduction is regulated to eliminate the greater part of the phosphorus and sulfur while retaining the greater part of the manganese in the slag in the form of an oxide. Separation of the slag from the metal bath then occurs, allowing the purified s Lag to be reused as a raw material for the recovery of manganese. US-O548 Warner, J. P. Method of recovering metals from non-ferrous metallurgical slags. U.S. 2,820,705; filed Mar. 17, 1955; issued Jan. 21, 1958. Z6 This process recovers metals from non-ferrous metallurgical slags derived from a diversity of smelting operations and containing a large 238 ------- number of different metals. This process recovers as much as 90 percent of the valuable metal content of the slag. It may be operated in conjunction with conventional smelting equipment. In the apparatus, a reduction zone, containing a matrix comprising pieces of a reducing material for the compounds to be extracted, preserves in the zone a reducing condition indicated by an atmosphere containing proper proportions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The slag is passed in the molten state through and in contact x^ith the matrix for the reduction of the reducible metal compounds present in the slag. US-0549 Anderson, J. N. (Normanda Mines, Ltd.), Method for reducing metal losses in reverberatory furnace slag. U.S filed July 26, 1956; issued Oct. 2,857,263; 21, 1958. ivvl ------- Processing/Reduction US-0552 Johnson, A. F. (Strategic Materials Corporation), Metallurgical process. U.S. 3,091,524; filed Oct. 23, 1959; issued May 28, 1963. In recovering valuable metals from slag, the slag is contacted with a molten alloy within an electric furnace at a suitable smelting temperature. The alloy is reduced by means of the addition of carbon. This is required to reduce unwanted impurities from the slag. Oxygen-containing gas is then blown into the alloy to reoxidize at least a major portion of the desired metal back into the slag and retain a major portion of impurities in the metal. In this way, the slag is freed of unwanted impurities with only a small loss of the desired metal. The invention, therefore, may treat iron silicate slags containing oxides of such metals as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, copper, sulphur, uranium, and phosphorus. the vessel, a liquid iipray is injected into the falling slag stream to break the slag into particles. Then the slag particles fall into a fast moving stream US-0553 Fairman, A. H., D. R. H. Freyer, and W. A. Peet (Minister of Power, in Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Gasifiers. U.S. 3,218,998; filed Mar. 15, 1963; issued Nov. 23, 1965. A slagging gasifier has a hearth formed with a slag outlet which drains the molten slag received from within the gasifier. The gasifier also includes a burner located below the hearth and offset from the path down which the slag will flow, for maintaining the slag in a fluid state. A muffle is located at the underside of the hearth and extends along it to a point near to and opposite the lip of the slag outlet. The muffle is directed so that the flame and a jet of hot gases will be projected from the burner directly along the muffle, onto the slag upon the lip of the outlet, and then upward. The muffle also prevents descent of solid fuel from the hearth and maintains free passage for the slag. US-0554 Burch, C. J. (United States Steel Corporation) , Method and apparatus for granulating slag. U.S. 3,395,995; filed Feb. 5, 1965; issued Aug. 6, 1968. Slag is removed from a steel refining vessel and transported to an appropriate disposal area. As the molten slag is poured from of liquid, which brea'-c the slag particles into smaller granules and carry the slag away. The liquid stream originates from an elevated storage tank, where the liquid is alternately accumulated during the refining of the iron, and released during the pouring of the slag. PROCESSING/REDUCTION US-0555 Carmel, W. Bottle crushing device. U.S. 2,466,151; filed Dec. 19, 1946; issued Apr. 5, 1949. This bottle crusher has a hopper which can be removed for easy disposal. The top of the unit is raised for insertion of a bottle and the plunger arm is raised and locked into an elevated position. When the top is pressed down, the springs are 240 ------- placed under tension and as it closes the plunger is released. After the bottle is broken, the fragments fall into the hopper below. This device is extremely simple, positive in action, and permits easy disassembly of the parts after the desired amount of crushing has been completed. US-0556 Yellot, J. I. (Institute of Gas Technology), Method for disintegration of solids. U.S. 2,515,542; filed Apr. 20, 1948; issued July 18, 1950. In the disintegration of coarsely fragmented solid material, compressed gas is fed into a receptacle containing solid granules. The solid materials are uniformly, continuously, and adjustably fed into a conduit. Downstream of the point where the solid particles are fed into the system is a constriction of some type, such as a convergent nozzle, a restricted orifice, 31- etc. The constriction is located at a distance from the material feeding means that is the required minimum for entrainment of the particles by the gas. Disintegration of the particles is accomplished upon passing through this constriction. US-0557 Kandle, L. A. (Penjay Manufacturing Company), Bottle breaking apparatus. U.S. 2,645,428; filed Feb. 20, 1952; issued July 14, 1953. This improved bottle breaking device is mounted on three or more legs for support. The receptacle has a hinge-mounted door on the upper end operated by a handle, and a door on the lower end operated by a cable. Manual operation of a lever compresses the spring on the plunger. The upper door is opened and the bottle dropped in. A trigger mechanism releases the spring-loaded plunger and the bottle is broken. The lower door is opened with the movement of the lever and is released to compress the spring and the broken glass into a receptacle below. This unit is designed to break 241 ------- Processing/Reduction bottles such as alcoholic drink bottles which must be broken immediately after use, by law. US-0558 Westrate, J. M. Bottle-breaker. U.S. 2,655,320; filed Aug. 6, 1951; issued Oct. 13, 1953. A bottle-breaker is comprised of a cover mountable on a trash can. A detent on this cover locks behind the lip of the can so the cover is unliftable from the can in the area of the detent. There is a hinged bottle-receiving door In the cover, adjacent to the detent. Paired legs extend from the cover to project within a can upon which the cover is disposed. Paired feet extend from the legs, extending into the space below the door, and are capable of supporting a bottle in spanning relationship to the feet below the door. An anvil-stop is disposed between the feet. There is a hammer keyed on an axle adapted to swing against the arvil and to break a bottle disposed betweer the feet. A wheel keyed on the axle has an attached tab on its periphery. A spring tensioned between the tab and top of the device is adapted to be wound on the periphery of the wheel and unwinds from it to rotate the axle via the wheel. This swings the hammer down on the anvil. A chain is strung between the door and the tab attached to the door and is adapted to rotate the axle when the door is opened via the wheel by unwinding on the periphery of the wheel to swing the hammer back to a cocked position and to wind the spring on the wheel. A pin is located near the periphery of the xriieel. A cocking lever fulcrummed on one leg has a notch adapted to engage this pin to hold the wheel in the cocked position against the tension of the spring. The pin and the notch of the lever are urged into contact, and a boss on the door is adapted to contact the unnotched end of the lever to move it to free the pin when the door is closed from the notched end of the lever. This allows the spring to swing the hammer down on the anvil to break a bottle positioned on the feet of the breaker. US-0659 Boutwell, W. R. Waste carton crusher. U.S. 2,660,110; filed Nov. 16, 1951; issued Nov. 24, 1953. A crusher of this type is used for crushing waste material and reducing the bulk of waste cartons. The crusher member, a hollow container which can be filled with sand or other heavy material, is attached to a wincli and boom. The device is easily transported to its point of use. The filled crusher member is eleva'ed by the winch, the boom is swung over :he material to be crushed, and the winch shaft is released. The crusher member descends upon the material with considerable force. Padding 242 ------- of the crusher member minimizes damage to the underlying pavement. US-0560 Lecher, J. (The Microcyclomat Company), Method and apparatus for reducing solid materials utilizing vibratory shock waves. U.S. 2,709,552; filed Mar. 6, 1952; issued May 31, 1955. a An apparatus pulverizes materials in a dry condition while they are carried by a flow of gas. The material to be pulverized is carried by a gaseous flow through a reaction chamber. The material is subjected to shock by collision between the particles of material or between particles of the material and the reaction chamber. The flow of gaseous fluid and the shocked particles of material are passed through a succession of passageways. The surfaces of these passageways are movable and are maintained in intense vibration for generating intense sonic energy in the gaseous fluid. Yoerger, R. R. (Iowa State College Research Foundation, Inc.), Method of segmenting corncobs. U.S. 2,766,795; filed Jan. 19, 1953; issued Oct. 16, 1956. This crusher device is adapted to crush corncobs and similar material to form stock or poultry litter without creating dust. The mechanism first splits the cobs longitudinally and cuts them into uniform chunks. It is designed to carry the cobs to a zone for breaking and then delivering them to another destination. Uniform segments are attained by passing the cobs through breaker or crusher bars by which they are split into four parts lengthwise, then cut transversely. US-0562 Howell, J. McC. Can crusher. U.S. 3,034,422; filed Feb. 4, 1958; issued May 15, 1962. This crusher is used for crushing empty oil cans. The can is placed between a 213 ------- Processing/Reduction movable and a fixed head, one of which carries a blunt protuberance for denting the end of the can. This inward bulge for effecting intense circulation and heating of the material, and an annular screening device surrounding the rotary impeller, this causes the force required to crush the can to be greatly reduced. It can be operated by fluid pressure or manually. The unit can be mounted on an open-topped receptacle so that the crushed can is automatically discharged into the receptacle. It is particularly designed for use in service stations. US0563 Nilsson, N. G. H. Apparatus for beating and disintegrating fibrous materials in liquid suspension. U.S. 3,295,769; filed Dec. 2, 1964; issued Jan. 3, 1967. PuJpers or beaters are constructed for disintegrating fibrous materials in liquid suspension, such as waste paper, paper pulp, and pasteboard. Separated or loosened fibers in the suspension may be strained off througli a screening device during the beating process in an efficient manner which will not present clogging problems. A container receives material to be treated, which includes impeller means IB- device forming part of an outlet duct for the container. US-0564 Fletcher, E. W. Device for breaking frangible material. U.S. 3,295,770; filed May 28, 1964; issued Jan. 3, 1967. '7 3 t-t ./* J3 -?\ This device is for destroying fluorescent lighting tubes or other frangible objects. A hinged lid has several chains attached to it. The fluorescent tubes are placed on the slack chains when the lid is opened. The ends of the chains are attached to a shaft which is turned by a wheel located on the outside of the enclosure. The wheel is turned, tightening the chain around the tubes and, as pressure is increased, breaking them into smsll lengths. The chain is unwound by opening of the lid. The device can be mounted on a refuse container for easy disposal of glass pieces. This invention would iind use in industrial plants in which the disposal of frangible material of all shapes and forms creates problems of maintenance, safety, sanitation, or storage. 244 ------- US-0565 Morgenson, D. J. (Shatter King Manufacturing Company, Inc.), Bottle breaker. U.S. 3,353,756; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967. 17. This bottle breaker is supported on legs or may be placed on a pedestal. A bottle is placed through the top and broken pieces are ejected out the bottom. An electric motor powers the breaker mechanism which consists of a rotating shaft with two arms attached. The bottle falls through a tube with an opening through which the rotating arms pass and is shattered against the inner walls of the tube or by the arms themselves. The motor operates at 1725 rpm so that each bottle is hit at least 60 times a second, requiring the device to be operated only a few seconds each time it is needed. US-0566 Eidal, R. M. (Southwest Factories, Inc.), Automobile body disposal apparatus. U.S. 3,356,016; filed Apr. 6, 1966; issued Dec. 5, 1967. This automobile body disposal apparatus converts vehicle bodies into a highly acceptable and useable form of high quality scrap. The body is transported to the body flattening unit by means of a conveyor. After crushing, it travels to the slab shearing unit where it is converted into bars by the shear blade. The laterally-sheared bars are conveyed to the rotary chopper unit where they are converted into slugs and then cleaned of all non-metallic and foreign material. The hammermill cleaning and compacting unit hammers the slugs to remove non-ferrous trash and compacts and breaks up the slugs into a desired useable form. A magnetic separator does the final task of collecting all ferrous materials and depositing them in a metal slinger. I a SSt 245 ------- Processing/Reduction US-0567 Winter, H. W. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company), Spiderless gyratory crusher with relief valve system. U.S. 3,372,881; filed Apr. 25, 1966; issued Mar. 12, 1968. power requirement. The crushing device is of a relatively small and convenient size. This hydraulically adjusted spiderless gyratory crusher has a unique relief valve system to prevent uncontrolled hydraulic lifting of the crusher head, and to prevent damage to the crusher in the event noncrushable objects are fed into the crusher, US-0568 Cain, H. H. Crushing device. U.S. 3,374,730; filed June 13, 1966; issued Mar. 26, 1968. This improved can crusher operates on a reduced power requirement and achieves crushing without extra container cutting being required. The crushing chamber has one wall which employs both axial and inward movement. The movement is more axial at the beginning of the stroke and more inward at the end of the stroke, thus reducing the •m US-0569 Ballard, W. D. (W. D. Ballard, and H. V. Gonzales), Junked metal compressing smasher. U.S. 3,413,914; filed June 3, 1966; issued Dec. 3, 1968. This crusher mill is designed to handle junked metal, especially scrap automobiles. The compaction element, a hammer, is pivotably mounted forward of a base which is equipped with side walls and an end member. The hammer is raised by the engine and then allowed to fall, thereby smashing the vehicle. The base is provided with slots so that a fork-lift truck can remove the compressed bodies. The smashed and compressed bodies may be hauled to where larger compaction units are located before being sent to a steel mill. 61 xflG 5 ?' \V^ ' \ \l.' / ' u . V -^ s. -x 246 ------- US-0570 Ktneco, R. (Papcel) , Pulping apparatus. U.S. 3,486,702; filed Oct. 25, 1967; issued Dec. 30, 1969. This pulping apparatus provides both intensive and gentle processing of the fiber stock. The pulper has a rotor with vanes. The bottom face of each vane is provided with a recess whose width decreases and whose depth increases in a radially outward direction. The tub of the pulper is provided with deflecting projections which intensify the mixing effect. This pulper imparts hydrodynamical forces to the material for disintegration of the stock. Baling US-0571 Robinson, S. S. (Lilliston Implement Company), Baling press. U.S. 2,366,426; filed June 9, 1941; issued Jan. 2, 1945. An improved baling-press has a better baler head and baling chamber. In conventional presses it has been customary to use a very heavy bottom on the chamber to withstand friction and wear; this invention proposes to prevent unnecessary wear on the bottom. The new baler head is designed to operate on the compression stroke with the lower end of the head further advanced than the upper end. Thus, pressure applied by the head is directed into hay or other material so as to force the same up and forward from the bottom of the baler, not downward, so wear is reduced. Also, rollers attached to the baler head prevent wear. The sturdy press may be manufactured at reasonable cost and is easily and efficiently operated. Jiff 247 ------- Processing/Reduction US-0572 Langford, G. W,, A. C. Barrows, and J. V. Haidler (Economy Baler Company), Bale ejector for scrap metal baling presses. U.S 2,371,762; filed Apr. 25, 1941; issued Mar. 20, 1945. A horizontal baling press for baling sheet metal scrap is provided with ejector means for automatically removing the finished bales. Bales of metal weigh about 250 Ib, and so are difficult to remove manually. Mechanical ejector means are provided; the ejector comprised of a structure on which the bales are formed. A cam actuated by a compressing platen acts upon the ejector. The bale ejector described may be used with any baling press where the bale is formed on the ejector. US-0573 Tessier, J. D. Baling machine. U.S. 2,375,876; filed April 29, 1943; issued May 15, 1945. A baler utilizes a mechanism which exerts great pressure on the material to be baled; 248 ------- also a means to effect the continuous discharge of bales is included. The baling machine has a pair of fixed racks on opposite sides of the machine which cooperate with spur gears rotated by a worm wheel. Spur gears mesh with movable racks to travel the pressure members during the baling operation. US-0574 Branson, J. E. (Jerome D. Shanman), Baling press. U.S. 2,420,413; filed July 24, 1945; issued May 13, 1947. A baling press is especially adapted to bale compressible material into compact units for shipment. A novel hale box is held within a rectangular frame having four corner posts; a plunger device is mounted for reciprocating movement on a plunger rod with a pulley mechanism. The plunger compresses that material held in the bale box below. US-0575 Schley, G. C. Baling press. U.S. 2,421,465; filed Oct. 12, 1944; issued June 3, 1947. A self-contained baling press it used with paper, rags, leather, and rubber. It has all the advantages of the more expensive standard type, yet is a durable and more economically-constructed press. The press is comprised of a box with a filling opening; inside the box a platen (or pressing device) is mounted for compacting purposes. Doors on the side of the box, normally closed during baling operations, are unlocked afterwards and the finished bale is ejected. Just prior to this ejection, the compressed bale is bound by cord or wire. US-0576 Harrer, P. H. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company), Baling machine. U.S. 2,424,821; filed Feb. 28, 1944; issued July 29, 1947. 249 ------- Processing/Reduction Material delivered to this baler is formed into a cylindrical bale of predetermined size, is automatically bound by twine while in the machine, and ultimately discharged. An improved conveyor drive and control mechanism are correlated to perform all phases of the baling cycle in a timed sequence. The cycle time is thus reduced to a minimum so more bales can be formed and bound. The conveyor automatically stops when the bale attains its desired size for binding; it also returns the bale-forming means to its initial bale starting position after the finished bale is discharged. US-0577 Hill, G. B. (Deere Manufacturing Company), Baling press. U.S. 2,464,684; filed Feb. 12, 1945; issued Mar. 15, 1949. A pick-up baling press picks up a windrowed crop, feeds the crop material into the press, automatically ties each bale at a certain size, and discharges the tied bales. Advantages include the need for only one operator to drive and steer a tractor, minimum handling in collecting and conveying crops to baling chamber, and a short and direct means to effect these operations. A pick-up device ahead of the bale case delivers crops directly into the baling chamber, involving only a single conveyor without need for a cross-conveyor. forming high density bales from a continuous bat of fibrous material. On this device, the mechanical application of positive pressure or force controls the density of the bale. A round or elliptically-shaped bale is produced which is more advantageous for shipping, storage, or removal. A mechanical feed applies pressure to the bat of material; levers and cams apply constant pressure to the bale being formed, along with gears, spindles, and levers. Pressure rollers are also provided which are retracted in accordance with a predetermined rate of movement, depending on the bat thickness beting fed to the press. The bat of material on a rotating core works in conjunction with the pressure rollers which roll on the surface of the bale being formed to compress the bat being wound. US-0579 Thompson, R. S. Wastebasket baler. U.S. 2,485,419; filed Feb. 22, 1945; issued Oct. 18, 1949. US-0578 Taylor, S. Y. (S. Y. Taylor, F. J. Herbelin, and W. F. Kaale), Bale press. U.S. 2,465,496; filed Mar. 6, 1943; issued Mar. 29, 1949. A bale press of this type is designed to accommodate cotton or other fibrous material and is especially adapted for A baler is especially useful in homes or offices for the temporary storage and final baling of newspaper or similar flat material. There are means within each rectangular container to engage twine or string members; the end of the string is interlocked with a projecting anchor lug which also serves as a cutting device. Newspapers or the like are received into the receptacle. When the container is full and ready for the 250 ------- final baling operation, the string may be readily tied for convenient handling purposes. US-0580 Quinn, 0. T. (Apex Steel Corporation, Ltd.), Baling press. U.S. 2,503,354; filed Dec. 31, 1946; issued Apr. 11, 1950. 45 Y?T / /!! / , ^ / / 'f / / / f f / , ' ^. r x 1 yyT."T~, r±~7~r 7 w LI _s jy ™"-* crn" f 1 ~~ '+ •S- "Pff i" ' ' • ,V///r'j/,. / / /• - — ^ > J? / / / / 1 x / / / / / s"^~ / / / / ^ ^/ ^ ^ / / /6 ^ / -,- -'f ''f^-/', Waste paper, rags, metal and scrap wastes are some of the materials which can be processed through this hydraulic baling press. A device opens and closes a baler charging box to permit the box to be readily filled and the finished bales to be quickly removed. There is also a movable platen rather than the traditional stationary platen, incorporated into the design to permit top-loading. An improved door and door-locking mechanism is connected with the hydraulic system which operates the main pressure-applying platen. Thus, the door-locking pressure is correlated to the maximum pressure being employed in compressing material in the press. A simplified control system maintains all operations: the ram (piston and cylinder), the door-locking means, and the head- or platen-moving means. US-0581 Hill, G. B. (Deere Manufacturing Company), Baling press. U.S. 2,622,508; filed Dec. 20, 1946; issued Dec. 23, 1952. An automatic wire-tying baling press includes a pair of slotted twister gears to receive wire to be tied, and a single drive gear meshing with the twister gears to securely twist the wires around the bale. Drive and twister gears are arranged whereby the spacing between the two bale wires is maintained to ensure tight binding around the bales. US0582 Russell, S. D. (J. I. Case Company), Bale compressing means. U.S. 2,791,172; filed Oct. 16, 1952; issued May 7, 1957. •JT 251 ------- Processing/Reduction This device compresses a bale in a baling chamber so as to offer resistance to the free movement of the bale through the chamber. Such resistance is effected by means which compress the bale in two directions in intersecting planes in response to an adjustment in one direction. A chamber receives fibrous material which is compressed and forced backward between upper and lower plates; the previously compressed material is fractionally resisted so that this material forms an abutment against which material is compressed by the plunger. US-0583 Swint, A. G., and M. R. Tyson (Harris Press and Shear Corporation), Press for compacting bulky masses. U.S. 3,356,018; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued Dec. 5, 1967. This compact and transportable baling press is particularly useful for compressing irregular scrap shapes, such as junked automobiles, at a scrap site, for subsequent economical transportation to scrap finishing centers. By the cooperation of the frame, which is composed of bottom, side, and end walls, and a pair of hydraulic ram-actuated lid covers secured to the opposite side of the frame by a double-pivoted linkage, a single operator may condense the scrap. This is accomplished by the rapid alternate or combined manipulation of the lids. A scrap automobile may be compressed into a flattened, box-like shape for convenient stacking and transportation. In the final compacting operation of the press, the pivoted linkage system permits the lids to adjust themselves to be lowered one above the other so that the upper lid assists the lower lid in applying final compacting forces to the scrap mass. US4584 Smedlund, E. G. Compacting device for refuse containers. U.S. 3,413,913; filed Apr. 20, 1967; issued Dec. 3, 1968. A device for compacting refuse in sacks features a compacting ram working in the container in such a manner as to avoid damage to the container during compression of the refuse. The sack is suspended under the chute in a carriage1 provided with four wheels. These wheels are arranged to run along rails leading to the main frame of the device. To the left of the carriage is located a magazine containing folded I J U /.. N J^&__gn___1 •:~, 4 V ^ / '? \|\| VX J irt \ 1 \ \ ^ ^ ^ T\ \ \« \A \,, •» \ xjf 5J V^X4<5 3V 7 j sacks suspended in carriages, and the carriages are retained in the filling position by a retainer arm which releases when the filled sack is to be moved. When the sack is filled, a beam of light directed toward a photo cell is broken and causes the starting of the electric motor. The compactor carriage is reciprocated by a conne^table flight to a motor-driven endless chain extending around two sprockets, one of which is coupled to a motor. The drive motor is so hinged that when a certain tension is created in the driving chain the motor will be pivoted, whereby the operation of the motor may be stopped. US-0585 Boyd, J. A., and D. E. Boyd (Boyd Package Trash Systems, Inc.), Trash handling and baling system. U.S. 3,'i24,078; filed Jan. 18, 1967; issued Jan. 28, 1969. A trash handling and baling system is particularly adapted for the disposal of trash from multistory buildings such as apartment houses and office buildings where an elongated trash chute is utilized. The trash chute is coupled to a trash directing device having a sloped base. The sloped base directs the trash out of the trash directing device and into a baling system having a vertically movable compacting ram which compresses the trash into a bale. First and second time-delayed photocell control means are provided in the trash directing device and are operated when the light beams are broken by the presence of trash. The first control means operates the compacting ram and blocks 252 ------- off communication between the trash directing device and the baling system while the second control blocks off communication between the trash chute and the trash directing device and signals when the bale has reached proper size. US-0586 Raab, H. A. (East Chicago Machine Tool Corporation), Apparatus and method for compacting material. U.S. 3,438,320; filed July 11, 1966; issued Apr. 15, 1969. The apparatus compresses various materials, particularly fibrous materials such as pulp, and compacts them into a mass and/or into a bale. A pair of reciprocal rams coact to compact and move material in an elongated chamber to a position opposite an opening intermediate the length of the chamber. A third ram is utilized for ejecting all of the compacted material transversely through the outlet. A fourth ram is disposed adjacent to the outlet for recompacting the material into a mass of greater density. US-0587 Gladwin, F. R. Trash compressor. U.S. 3,438,321; filed Dec. 8, 1967; issued Apr. 15, 1969. A small, lightweight, compacting apparatus is disclosed for trash compression in restaurants and cafeterias, dwelling homes, and small apartments, where the 253 ------- Processing/Reduction quantity of trash is relatively small. Small size and relatively lightweight bales of trash are formed within disposable bags so as to be easily handled manually for removal by conventional garbage trucks. The compressor consists of a cabinet with a horizontally arranged cover. 3/ A disposable bag is closely fitted within the receptacle with its upper edge folded over the three walls. A downwardly movable ram, located above the receptacle, compacts the trash contained within the bag. The ram is horizontally movable to also compact trash contained within a second receptacle and bag positioned within the cabinet, alongside the first receptacle. US-0588 Marasco, J. A. Refuse press. U.S. 3,438,322; filed Feb. 8, 1967; issued Apr. 15, 1969. A simple device compresses leaves, grass, loose paper, or other refuse in a container so that both the refuse and the container can be disposed of. In the press device, the disposable container is held inside of a permanent container by a hoop clamp which clamps the top edge of the disposable container to the permanent container. The containers are filled with loose refuse. A compressor structure including a plunger and piston is then moved downward in the containers to compress the refuse. The compressor structure may further include a lever pivotally connected to a frame, with the plunger and piston being attached to the lever. The permanent container may have a funnel-like extension at the top, the bottom of tte extension being clamped to the permanent container by the same hoop which clamps the disposable container. A second hoop may be provided to brace the top end of the extension, and the two hoops may have a common fastener for tightening them. US-0589 Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan K.K.), Method of refuse disposal. U.S. 3,451,185; filed Aug. 3, 1966; issued June 24, 1969. 21 This method relates particularly to the disposal of garbage, trash, and other 254 ------- wastes from kitchens, food-processing factories, and food stores. The batches of refuse are solidified, reducing their volume and increasing their apparent specific gravity, so as to form substantially solid refuse blocks of predetermined shape. A cover is applied to the blocks in the form of a reticular material, such as a sheetlike plastic material. The cover may be applied by spraying on a plastic material. Varying amounts of compressive forces may be applied depending on the use to which the compacted blocks are to be put. Before or during the solidifying step, chemical substances may be added or gases may be administered to prevent subsequent fermentation, decomposition, and fungus growth. The refuse is preferably dehydrated while solidifying or compacting so as to reduce the weight of the blocks and prevent bacteria growth. The equipment may consist of a compression chamber in which compaction is performed by the application of forces of at least 70 and 150 kgs per sq cm. The blocks may be used for the reclamation of sea embankments or underwater areas, for reclamation of land, or may be incinerated. US-0590 Walker, R. E., and D. L. Walker (Tamaker Corporation), Rubbish baling apparatus. U.S. 3,469,530; filed Feb. 7, 1968; issued Sept. 30, 1969. •3 .,21,20 37 26 A rubbish baling apparatus is provided for compressing trash such as cardboard cartons and the like into cubical type bales. The structure includes first and second hydraulically controlled lifting cylinders for moving a platform receiving the trash against a stationary top wall in an enclosure and compressing it into the desired bale. Trash is fed into the enclosure through an hydraulically operated front door which swings outward and downward for receiving the trash, and the bale itself is ejected from an upper rear door. The ejection of the bale is accomplished by employing hydraulic power utilized to operate the front door to in turn swing an ejecting bar mounted in the front wall of the enclosure so that economy is realized in the number of components for the apparatus. "' In addition, split-flow control members are employed for supplying hydraulic fluid to and from the lifting cylinders so that equal pressures are always assured to prevent canting or jamming of the structure. US-0591 Price, H., B. Szilagyi, and M. Quinto (International Patent and Development Corporation), Garbage compactor. U.S. 3,481,268; filed Aug. 30, 1968; issued Dec. 2, 1969. Refuse is stored in a chute to a predetermined level and then processed by compacting the refuse into convenient bales or cakes. Compacting is performed through the action of a hydraulic cylinder and piston which rams the refuse into a cylindrical- shaped space. A sensing device, detecting the volume of refuse being stored, transmits a signal initiating the action of a hydraulic cylinder. After the refuse has been compacted into a bale, it is ejected into a refuse container for removal and discarding. Limit switches control the sequencing of hydraulic cylinders and pistons throughout the processing cycle. 255 ------- Processing/Reduction The disposable bag or container, into which the compacted bales are ejected, forms the lining of a refuse can mounted on a turntable type of conveyor. The conveyor io sequenced periodically beneath the ejecting mechanism for the purpose of receiving a bale after it has been formed. US-0592 Schaff1er, G. (Keller and Knappich G.m.b.H.), Scrap baling press truck. U.S. 3,486,440; filed May 29, 1968; issued Dec. 30, 1969. This press truck bales large pieces of scrap material, such as automobiles. Two press plates are mounted on shafts, arranged in parallel to the axles of the truck. The plates crush material placed in a pressing trough. Folding work ilatforms are arranged on both sides of the pressing trough. This truck has the dimension and weight of a conventional truck with a loading crane positioned behind the cab of the truck. screw. The fed material is received between the flanges of tlie main screw and the small-radius end of the roller. It is forced along the main screw by the opposite rotation of the roller, and is gradually compressed as it approaches the large-radius end of the roller. The material then passes on into the advanced regions of the screw which may be reduced in pitch to provide further compacting. The compactor thus supplies a continuous, positive feed, Recirculation of material through the press prevents breakage within the system due to pressures attaining high values. Compaction US-0593 Napier, M. A. Screw conveyor press. U.S. 2,709,956; filed Oct. 18, 1949; issued June 7, 1955. This screw conveyor press provides an effective means of continuous charging and also of pre-compacting material. Material is forced along the screw housing and does not merely rotate. This is accomplished by a roller of helical-spiral form rotating on an axis parallel to that of the main US-0594 Findlay, G. A. (Logemann Brothers Company), Apparatus for crushing and processing scrap metal and similar scrap materials. U.S. 3,283,697; filed Jan. 6, 1965; issued Nov. 8, 1966. An apparatus for compressing scrap metal comprises a squeeze box which has a base platform. Theie is a stationary platen which forms one side of the squeeze box and a movable platen forming the other side of the squeeze box. This platen is movable between a distant position, in respect to the stationary platen and a close position in respect to it. Therefore, uncrushed scrap material can be positioned on the base platform when the movable platen is in the distant position and then crushed upon movement of the movable platen toward 256 ------- the close position. There are motor and guide mechanisms provided to move the movable platen in a path with a component of movement toward the stationary platen and another component of movement toward one end of the squeeze box to thereby impart a compressive as well squeeze box when the movable platen has been moved to the close position. as a twisting force on the uncrushed scrap material. This causes any column-like pieces of the scrap material to be generally aligned axially between the ends of the US-0595 Hopkins, S. Waste collection and compacting unit. U.S. 3,353,478; filed Feb. 24, 1966; issued Nov. 21, 1967. A waste collecting and compacting unit is for use in a kitchen. It is comprised of a cabinet structure with a large hinged door for waste removal and two smaller doors located on it for waste receiving. When in operation all doors are closed and the electric compaction unit is connected to an electrical outlet. Waste material is introduced into the unit by opening the double door and sliding material into a receptacle within, with a start button pressed to start the compactor. A compressing block is lowered into the receptacle and the material compressed. A compression switch automatically shuts the machine off when the maximum degree of compaction is reached. The doors have electrical interlocks with the compression unit for protection of children. US4596 Howard, B. G. (B. G. Howard, and C. R. Ashworth), Waste compressor. U.S. 3,358,590; filed Aug. 18, 1966; issued Dec. 19, 1967. Restaurants, hotels, and other places having large quantities of garbage and compressible waste find use for this invention. The combination waste compressor and receptacle is contained in a rectangular cabinet. Waste is deposited in the compression chamber through a door in the top of the cabinet. The unit is turned on by an electrical switch which actuates a horizontal hydraulic cylinder. This 257 ------- Processing/Reduction causes the vertical pusher blade to move forward. Compression of the waste material is effected against the forward chamber wall. A trap door beneath the compression chamber opens automatically and the compacted waste falls below into a container. After the waste is dropped into the receptacle, the unit is shut off automatically. US-0597 Clar, M. (Disposal Systems Development Corporation), Compaction apparatus. U.S. 3,368,478; filed Sept. 9, 1965; issued Feb. 18, 1968. This stationary compactor is used in the refuse disposal industry to reduce the bulk of refuse. The packer has a compaction chamber with a hopper superstructure and a simple box-like compaction blade. The blade moves along the floor of the chamber, on front support rollers and elevated rear rollers, upon tracks behind the chamber. The blade compacts the material through a side opening in the chamber and into an adjacent container, such as the body of the vehicle. The blade is driven by a hydraulic ram having an integral pair of cylinders arranged one above the other, with piston rods extending in opposite directions. Hydraulic fluid is supplied to the cylinders from e. system including multiple pumps with automatic controls for producing rapid movement of the blade with low hydraulic pressure and slower movement of the blade with high hydraulic pressure. The blade cycles automatically and may also be jogged under manual control. US-0598 Schott, C. C. Process for compressing together pairs of whole: scrap vehicles. U.S. 3,392,666; filed Sept. 25, 1967; issued July 16, 1968. r^-^ggip* >7 >- —"-if This process reclaims the ferrous metals from scrapped automobile bodies. A pair of scrap vehicles are stood on end with their bottom surfaces together, and pressed. Two cooperating, pivoted squeezing members compact the vehicles into a generally cylindrical charge unit which has horizontal corrugations in the top surface of the bodies. The squeezed units are lifted and deposited on end in the upper region of a stack melting furnace. 258 ------- US 0599 Pioch, R. J. Loading and compacting apparatus particularly for refuse. U.S. 3,403,620; filed June 20, 1966; issued Oct. 1, 1968. Trash is compacted and containerized to facilitate hauling and disposal. The compactor is designed to handle miscellaneous trash and push it into a reinforced container and compact it there. A rectangular ram is used, whose height is substantially less than that of the opening through which the material is pushed. The loading chamber of the compactor, into which material is dropped in front of the ram, is about the same width as the ram, A rigid header bar extends across the front upper corner of the casing, and, in use, the ram travels from a retracted position withdrawn from the chamber, into a position projecting into the container. A substantial vertical clearance is left between the tip of the ram and the header bar. The ram, when fully projected, extends into the container a distance which is at least 50 percent greater than this vertical clearance. The vertical clearance is provided to permit heavy or rigid materials to pass under the header bar without being crushed. The degree of projection of the ram into the container is sufficient to carry long materials into the container. Long items are then also tipped toward a hori^ontal position which permits them to fall to the bottom of the chamber when the ram is retracted. US-0600 Braff, J. A., and R. L. Fox (Allied Steel and Tractor Products, Inc.), Vibratory compactor. U.S. 3,427,939; filed Sept. 13, 1965; issued Feb. 18, 1969. A compactor is designed for tractor operation and is particularly adapted for compacting soil in confined areas such as trenches and on relatively steep embankments. The compaction unit is unsprung and comprises a bottom plate carrying a motor for rotating eccentric weights about a horizontal axis, a frame for the motor, and a housing. Inwardly convergent stiff springs are connected to the housing so that the axes of the springs intersect the horizontal plane of the center of gravity equidistantly about a vertical axis through the center of gravity of the compaction unit. The convergent springs are connected to a top plate by which constant pressure, perpendicular to the bottom plate, is applied to the compaction unit by the dip-stick, which also steers the unit in directions perpendicular to the direction of pressure. The compactor has improved maneuverability which enables it to be accurately controlled in response to the movement of a tractor-mounted boom. It is also designed to avoid any tendency to move in a jerky, non-uniform fashion over the ground and to avoid excessive back-and-forth, pendulum-like movement when it is lifted up from the ground and swung to a new position. US 0601 Napolitano, G. C. (Western Research and Scientific Laboratories, Inc.), Compacting machine. U.S. 3,427,960; filed Apr. 21, 1966; issued Feb. 18, 1969. . A machine for compacting friable material into cylindrical blocks, e.g. to form fire 259 ------- Processing/Reduction logs from sawdust and binder, consists of a drum having at least three compression chambers. Each chamber is open at both ends and has an inlet opening toward the outside of the drum. A housing encloses the chambers and mutually isolates them. The housing has an inlet passage with which and upward out of the container to compress the scrap into a scrap body of given density. ^_r'U 4S II 1 ' v tl ^^z-^.^— ---zC_ ^,^ —- M' — "— ——vrr B————J the several chambers are successively brought into registry as the drum is rotated stepwise. The drum is rotated in steps to bring each chamber in succession to a feed position, a compression position, and a discharge position. A slide is reciprocated following each stepwise rotation, being movable only when the drum is stationary. When only one slide is used, the end of the chamber from the ram is closed at the compression position by a plate against which the friable material is compressed. US-0602 Ozeki, S., K. Kimura, and S. Shimasaki (NipponUCokan K.K.), Apparatus for pressing scrap. U.S. 3,444,806; filed July 6, 1967; issued May 20, 1969. Scrap is compressed to form a body of scrap having a predetermined density suitable for subsequent operations on the body of scrap. The apparatus has a lower base means over which is situated a container which has an open top and in which is located the scrap which is to be compressed. An upper frame is located over the base while a mounting holds the upper frame over the lower base at a given elevation. A number of ram devices are carried by the upper frame and a number of tamping devices are respectively carried by the rams to be reciprocated by the latter downward into US-0603 Kostolich, M. S. Compacting machine. 3,447,449; filed Dec. 7, 1967; issued June 3, 1969. U.S. A machine is described for compacting solid wastes such as garbag.e, industrial and agricultural refuse, certain types of demolition and construction debris, and various types of rubbish for use in conjunction with a sanitary landfill method of solid waste disposal. A locomotive may provide the work force. A ram coupled to the forward end of the locomotive reciprocates within a compaction chamber communicating with a feed hopper. The discharge end of the compaction chamber may be tapered and provided with a door. The compacted waste is extruded from the compaction chamber onto a lift table or the like. A similar ram may be coupled to the rear end of the locomotive, reciprocating within a similar compactidn chamber, and associated parts duplicating the compacting machine at the forward end of the locomotive. As an alternative construction, the tapered end of the compaction chamber with end 260 ------- door may be replaced by a reinforced rectangular box with bottom dropping doors. This machine is designed to handle thousands of tons of solid waste in a day. US-0604 Jernstrom, K. W. Compactor. U.S. 3,460,463; filed June 14, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969. and the front end. The device is serviceable by removal of the entire drawer from a framework support. This trash compactor is adapted for use as a kitchen appliance for compacting garbage and trash including cans and bottles. A reciprocating piston is mounted in a drawer and the compacting force is between the piston and the front end of the drawer. The trash is filled by a simple opening of the drawer to place the trash to be compacted between the piston -10 US-0605 Charles, R. E. Refuse compaction handling equipment. U.S. 3,478,909; filed Dec. 9, 1966; issued Nov. 18, 1969. Refuse compaction handling equipment is used to compact refuse where it is first received, as it is prepared to be hauled away, as it is loaded to be hauled away, and/or as it is prepared for final disposal. The equipment utilizes variable fluid pressure expanding and contracting compaction assemblies which primarily are operated with compressed air and which 261 ------- Processing/Reduction are removably or permanently related to a refuse-handling volume-defining container and/or containers which may be associated with transportation equipment. These expanding and contraction assemblies include a reference structure adapted to be maintained in a substantially fixed collected and handled in 1 cu yd containers was increased from 130 to 305 Ib per container. location, a movable fluid tight structure to be variably positioned at least in part, to and from the reference structure, and fluid pressure generating and regulating apparatus interrelated to both the reference structure and the movable fluid tight structure to expand and to contract the volume defined by them. Essentially dry waste will be most effectively handled. Office papers and packaging materials Cutting and Shredding US-0606 Letz, W. H. (The Letz Manufacturing Company), Feed cutter. U.S. 2,985,211; filed Feb. 2, 1960; issued May 23, 1961. An auger-type feed cutter employs a grinding device. Cutter blades are arranged spirally around the periphery of the rotating auger cutter; as the cutter rotates, feed is carried along the helix (or spiral) to a grinding device which is in the form of rough-faced grinding discs. This improved device obviates problems previously encountered with grinding freshly picked corn (''snap corn''), especially the moist variety. The cutter has been re-designed, with new rounded stripper rods added to the edges of the blades. These stripper rods eliminate the build-up of corn husks, so cutting efficiency is maintained longer and less cleaning is required. 262 ------- US 0607 Young, R. R. (Kaiser Industries Corporation), Scrap shredding and separating device. U.S. 3,335,968; filed Feb. 5, 1965; issued Aug. 15, 1967. A scrap shredder comprises a supporting structure having assembled on it a mill suitable for shredding scrap and provided with a prime mover. There is an inlet and an outlet for the shredded scrap. A scrap gripping and feeding mechanism is associated with the inlet and driven by a variable speed motor. The speed of the mill is measured by a device provided. The speed of the feed mechanism motor can be varied responsive to the speed of the mill. The shredded scrap can be removed from the mill outlet by the device provided. The shredded scrap is separated by a magnetic device, into a magnetic fraction and a nonmagnetic fraction. The nonmagnetic fraction, in turn, is separated into a more dense fraction and a less dense fraction. US-0608 Wuthrich, F. (Von Roll A.G.), Apparatus for the size reduction of refuse. U.S. 3,346,202; filed Nov. 15, 1965; issued Oct. 10, 1967. 66 This apparatus is for reducing refuse and is comprised of the following: two cooperating frame members, one pivotally mounted, for effecting the comminution of 263 ------- Processing/Reduction refuse inserted between the members; shearing means are also provided by the frame members in an offset, comb-like f 7 . inter-engagement. The drive means for the pivotal frame member comprises a double-acting hydraulic cylinder and piston arrangement. The apparatus is economical to manufacture, reliable in operation, requires little maintenance, and is strong in construction. US-0609 Zimmermann, W. (Alpine A.G.), Cutting mill. U.S. 3,353,755; filed Apr. 20, 1964; issued Nov. 21, 1967. A cutting mill is particularly suited for cutting up plastic materials. On this mill construction, a charge is introduced to the face of the rotor. Material to be cut is poured into a channel from a feeding chute through a protective curtain and falls into the area of a rotor. The rotor, provided with knives, is off center in a far larger cutting chamber. A space is scanned by the rotor and the cutting chamber which intersect at locations of two spaced stator knives. A gap is formed as well as a unilateral recess. This recess permits sufficiently reduced material to escape into and be discharged through an exit chute. Pieces of the charge either fall directly into the part of the cutting chamber not scanned by the rotor or first onta the rotor which tosses them off course. In both cases, the pieces are driven through and in front of the gap, pulled in by rotor knives and reduced before the upper stator knife:. The mill is useful for cutting up scrap plastic materials for particular purposes or for remelting or reuse. US-0610 Joa, C. G. filed Nov. Waste disposer. U.S. 3,363,847; 12, 1964; issued Jan. 16, 1968. 0 A? /<£>' ^ / ------- waste is deposited in the flotation chamber where sinkable material is separated from the floatable material. Periodically, the sinkable material is removed from the chamber while the floating debris passes to a conveyor. The conveyor transports the waste to a picker drum which coacts to shred the paper. The shredded waste may be flushed down a sewer, or it may be stored and compacted for subsequent disposal. US 0611 Rogers, J. H., and J. W. Saxton (The Standard Engineering Company), Shredder implement. U.S. 3,369,350; filed Nov. 24, 1964; issued Feb. 20, 1968. This farm implement can cut-up trash, grass, cornstalks, or similar material to any desired degree of fineness. The device is connected to a farm tractor and has as its source of power the power take-off of the tractor. The height of the implement above the ground can be varied by means of a hydraulic cylinder. By varying the side doors, angle, the degree of shredding is controlled. Baffle plates extending downward from the top of the cover evenly distribute the shredded material under the shredder. The small enclosed areas between the blades act as a suction cup and draw the material up into the area of the cutting blades. The diagonally disposed doors help in removal of the cut material from under the unit. receives the waste, and a pair of comminuting units block the open bottom of the disposer so that all of the material deposited in the hopper must pass through one of the shredding units. One shredder is positioned slightly below the other, and when the cutting cylinders rotate, the waste material moves toward the combs of both cylinders. Water jets are mounted at opposite ends of the comb of the lower unit. The disposer pulverizes waste only when the cylinders are rotating in one direction, and when the direction of rotation is reversed the water jets wash the residual waste from the lower cylinder. US-0612 Topinka, G. F. (FMC Corporation), Waste disposal unit. U.S. 3,389,864; filed Dec. 10, 1965; issued June 25, 1968. This waste disposal unit comminutes fibrous nonwoven fabric and other waste materials, and is adapted for use in a hospital or similar institution. A hopper US-0613 Blanshine, A. W., C. M. Kline, C. K. Focht, and R. E. Wallin (Sperry Rand Corporation), Corn cob shredding rollers. U.S. 3,396,767; filed July 19, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968. This apparatus prepares corn cobs for mixing with cracked corn to form a cattle food. The grinder comprises a pair of parallel rollers equipped with toothed 265 ------- Processing/Reduction blades. When the blades of the shafts are rotated in opposite directions, the corn is shredded between them. Since the teeth of one roller are larger than those of the other roller, it serves as a metering roller so that the smaller roller tears and shreds the corn cobs. 30 US-0614 Testolin, A. A. Auto body shredder. U.S. 3,426,674; filed July 11, 1966; issued Feb. 11, 1969. An auto body shredder for use with a hammer mill consists of an upper feeder roll provided with teeth which penetrate the auto body to feed it toward a shredder partially compress the auto body. The shredding roll is located lower than the feeder roll and is provided with shredding teeth having replaceable sharp-edged rectangular blocks at their front faces composed of hard material. The remainder of each tooth tapers circumferentially to the rear a substantial distance along the roll. The bed is provided with mating fixed teeth against which the teeth of the shredder roll work and which are also provided with hard replaceable blocks on their working faces. The blocks are preferably trapezoidal in horizontal cross section to define a cutting edge and a throat on the respective sides. roll. The upper feeder roll is so located with respect to an underlying bed as to US-0615 Westfall, J. F., and L. E. Saukko (Safeway Stores, Inc.), Shredding machine. U.S. 3,467,320; filed Dec. 5, 1966; issued Sept. 16, 1969. A machine for shredding fiberboard cartons consists of two shredding rotors placed side by side. The cartons to be shredded are fed to one side of the first stage rotor and this rotor feeds the second 266 ------- stage rotor. Grid bars cooperate with the second rotor to break down the corrugations of the fiberboard. With the corrugations crushed, bales of high density are produced. 24 US-0616 Persky, N. N. (The Purdy Company, and Sharonized Steel Company) , Apparatus for scrap metal reduction. U.S. 3,486,704; filed Aug. 27, 1965; issued Dec. 30, 1969. This apparatus shreds scrap naterial into a size suitable for furnace charging. Automobiles, washing machines, refrigerators, etc. are fed into a shredder where the interaction between movable and fixed hammers tears the scrap into small pieces. A backhoe loads the conveyor with scrap and it can be used for unloading scrap from adjacent vehicles. Disposers US-0617 Petersen, K. Apparatus for treating garbage and the like waste materials. U.S. 2,423,994; filed Dec. 27, 1939; issued July 15, 1947. ^_ Garbage is converted into a substantially homogeneous, granular, and fibrous mass 267 ------- Processing/Reduction by treating it in rotary grinding drums containing one or more grinding chambers. The surrounding chamber walls are constructed as a grid or coarse screen surrounded by finer screens (''fine sieves"') having a mesh to determine the fineness of the ground material. Coarse matter of waste remnants is brought out of the grinding chamber without affecting its operation. This is accomplished by providing one or more larger openings than the normal ones on the coarse screen, which are referred to as "slipping apertures.'' By means of these slipping apertures, it is possible to perform a more thorough discharge of the waste or remnants than with other apparatus. It is also possible to operate a longer period with a continuous supply of raw material flowing in, with these larger openings. US-0618 Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company), Waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,469,205; filed Dec. 28, 1945; issued May 3, 1949. water is supplied to it. This is provided at a lower cost than previously designed devices. The motor of the machine is under the control of water or a reduced waste-and-water combination, and always insures a continuous flow of water during operation. A disposer chamber houses shredding members which work in conjunction with impeller blades. Such impeller blades whirl a garbage-water mixture centrifugally around the shredding chamber. Straining grooves at the bottom of the chamber receive material which is then cischarged through the sewer line. US-0619 Green, L. B. Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,428, 420; filed Jan. 29, 1945; issued Oct. 7, 1947. w\»x\^nVKiSu\|K_ rnivH-feMic A sink garbage disposer has a mechanism to insure that the machine operates only when A garbage grinder handles all types of kitchen wastes in an efficient manner. An improved 268 ------- inlet provides for the convenient and safe feeding of material into the hopper. Automatic water supply means are also assured for grinding and flushing purposes. Intermeshing blades form a strainer and comminuting device to reduce all types of kitchen wastes to fine particles. The disposal device utilizes a chamber with two types of comminuting means, the upper device comprising a group of centrifugally moving hammers, the lower section made up of axially-spaced rotary (or movable) and stationary blades. Water is supplied to the device to speed the operation; treated material forms a liquid sludge which can be readily delivered by the impeller. US 0621 Bjorklund, A. Garbage cutting and flushing device. U.S. 2,468,613; filed Sept. 4, 1944; issued Apr. '26, 1949. US-0620 Rundle, G. W. (R. L. Pummer, J. Cullen, and S. L. Ambrose), Crushing and grinding machine. U.S. 2,472,725; filed Nov. 26, 1945; issued June 7, 1949. This crushing and grinding apparatus is adapted for attachment to a conventional kitchen sink and sewer line. It permits the crushing and grinding of all food wastes, including bones, by employing an arrangement of crushing rollers and a grinding mechanism. Opposing frustoconical rollers feature a series of projecting teeth and work in conjunction with a stationary grinding element, also with teeth. A pair of star-shaped cooperative crushing rollers prepare hard materials, such as bones, to be fed to the grinding elements for final reduction. Water is delivered during this operation and aids in the discharge of the ground material ifito a pipeline. Objectives of this disposer device are: to shred kitchen or other garbage into relatively fine particles and discharge the material into a pipeline; and to provide a water supply for reducing and flushing purposes. A cutting and conveying rotor operated by an electric motor receives garbage fed through a hopper above it. A spiral cutting blade conveys garbage by screen action, acting on it by cutting and shearing blades, as well as knives. The resulting fine particles are discharged into the flushing chamber which further reduces the garbage to a fluid condition for ejection into the sewer line. US-O622 Schindler, H. C. (Lockley Machine Company), Garbage disposal device. U.S. 2,476,630; filed May 7, 1946; issued July 19, 1949. A kitchen garbage grinder has a comminuting chamber and coordinating motor-driven rotor to effect thorough grinding. The grinding chamber has numerous shredding elements mounted in slots on the wall, in a spiral series, These elements are composed of spiral shredding ridges, on its inner surface and spaced shredding blades among the ridges. In this device, the inlet passage to the comminuting chamber is controlled by a movable guard, adapted to automatically actuate a control switch to the motor. A water connection is also provided to supply water for the comminuting operation. It too is actuated automatically in response to movement of the guard. Reduced material 269 ------- Processing/Reduction is discharged in the form of sludge to the sewer pipeline. the openings. The disposer is simple and efficient in construction. US-0623 Coss, G. R. (Eureka Williams Corporation), Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,477,686; filed Feb. 8, 1946; issued Aug. 2, 1949. In this garbage grinder, the reducing chamber has an inlet which is connected to the drain outlet of a sink. The chamber bottom has a shredding ring with a series of cutting teeth projecting upward. The base is formed to provide a trough into which reduced material and water will be ejected from chamber openings. Rotary means such as one or more impellers throw material in the chamber bottom against the teeth and also project reduced material out through US-0624 Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company), Waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,482,125; filed Jan. 12, 1946; Issued Sept. 20, 1949. A garbage grinder is attached to a sink drain and allows water to flow through it '270 ------- when the grinder is not in use. The mixture of garbage and water is in the form of a ring after it enters the grinder, due to the centrifugal force. Shearing surfaces whirl the ring of garbage and water during use and cut the mixture into small pieces which can pass through a drain into a sewage line. Any solid material remaining in the shredding chamber when the electrical motor is stopped will settle onto a flywheel. The flywheel is adjacent to straining grooves so that in normal sink drainage, material will not flow through the shredding chamber to the drain line. The straining openings are all counter-sunk to provide a smooth surface so that material will not be caught on these openings. US 0625 Osborn, R. C. (Eureka Williams Corporation), Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,484,459; filed Feb. 9, 1946; issued Oct. 11, 1949. A new closure device and motor control is utilized in this garbage disposer. The garbage-reducing process is aided by a supply of water, the reduced waste being flushed down the sewer pipe afterward. To control the motor circuit of the grinder, it has been found convenient to put it into operation by means of the closure contro]. This invention arranges for the closure to be selectively positioned in any one of three positions: (1) to seal the outlet from the sink; (2) to obstruct the outlet from the sink, while permitting water to flow through the outlet of the sink; and (3) to obstruct the outlet from the sink while permitting water to flow through the sink outlet, and at the same time close the circuit of the motor for driving the grinder. The cover is cup-shaped with a horizontally extending disc-like wall on the top and cylindrical side walls. The cylindrical portion has fluid flow ducts to permit only liquids to flow into the chamber, while obstructing other materials. US 0626 Knight, L. K. (The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company), Garbage grinder and feeder, U.S. 2,505,674; filed Nov. 20, 1945; issued Apr. 25, 1950. In a simplified feeder for a garbage grinder, a star-shaped rotor of rubber or some flexible material is provided to prevent damage to the feeder if an obstruction is encountered. It also wipes the interior of the feeder free of garbage during operation. The feeder itself includes a cylindrically- shaped housing in the central portion, with both feed and discharge openings. The star '271 ------- Processing/Red uc t ion rotor within the cylindrical portion is provided with three radial blades. In all positions, the rotor prevents material from passing to the discharge opening by trapping material in one of the rotor compartments. An operator delivering garbage through the feed opening may reach down into the compartment to remove foreign material, such as silverware, without harming himself. He will never be able to extend his arm into the actual grinder due to the rotor mechanism. Even when the shaft upon which the rotor is mounted rotates to deliver garbage to the grinder, the blades are positioned so as to cover the grinder opening. US-0627 Hammell, K. M. (Eureka Williams Corporation), Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,536,929; filed Oct. 18, 1945; issued Jan. 2, 1951. A garbage grinder consists of a chamber with a bottom wall. A ring extends upward from the wall and around its periphery, this ring being provided with slots and teeth. There is a rotary impeller arranged to sweep material on the wall against the teeth for reducing the material and to project reduced material through the slots. Certain of these teeth have a tooth portion extending radially inward. The outer vertical edge of the impeller is notched to have an interdigitated relation with the inward extending tooth portion. The leading side of the impeller is also provided with teeth, adjacent to its outer end. These teeth are arranged normal to the notch. US-0628 Ewing, C. H. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation), Waste food grinder. U.S. 2,555,583; filed June 16, 1949; issued June 5, 1951. A mounting assembly for suspending a waste food grinder from the bottom wall of a sink insures alignment between the grinder housing and the adapter ring that engages the sink. An adapter ring is comprised of a tubular portion and a flange; a retaining ring is seated on an outer groove of the tubular portion. Attached to both the adapter and retaining rings is a supporting ring with interlocking portions to assure alignment. To mount a grinder in a sink the adapter ring is seated on the sink drain opening, the retaining ring slipped over the tubular portion, and the supporting ring brought to rest on it. Stud bolts are inserted on the supporting ring to clamp it to the sink wall. US 0629 Coss, G. R., and K. M. Hammell (Eureka Williams Corporation), Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,567,992; filed Oct. 29, 1945; issued Sept. 18, 1951. A disposer is adapted to the drain output of a sink. The grinder itself comprises a cylindrical chamber with cutting and shredding teeth in a ring around the bottom; a series of slots are also 272 ------- located at the bottom which provide discharge openings for reduced material. Power-driven rotary hammers or impellers throw the material against the teeth. A combine with spirally-spaced ribs in the reducing operation. foot-operated motor and closure control is also provided. j 32 ' ' I 1 if US 0631 Frank, P. A. (National Rubber Machinery Company), Waste disposal unit for sinks. U.S. 2,615,176; filed Apr. 23, 1947; issued Oct. 28, 1952. US 0630 Tranbarger, D. 0. Waste material disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,594,250; filed Feb. 14, 1949; issued Apr. 22, 1952. Waste from a sink outlet is shredded and ground in a frustoconical chamber and pressure flushed into a sewage conduit for discharge to a sewage system. Means for improving the flow of the reduced material to the sewage system are provided; several stages of comminution are accomplished instead of single-stage reduction. A grinding impeller in the chamber whirls material against the wall, from which projections extend. The projections U L ^^ !\| f ^ 0 ,c -14 A faucet disposal unit is constructed in the form of a single unitary assembly including a sink, water faucets and pipes, and an electrically operated comminuting 273 ------- Processing/Reduction apparatus energized to respond to the opening of a faucet. The entire disposal unit is factory-assembled, piped, and wired so as to require only minor adjustment. operator cannot come In contact with the moving grinding apparatus. Comminuting apparatus may be set into operation either by supplying water from one or both of two faucets, or in response to the opening of a third separate faucet. A flow-responsive device determines the rate of the water flow needed to start or stop the device. The disposer is composed of a comminuting chamber into which material is deposited; an impeller throws the material into rotation. Water flushes the reduced material into a sewer pipe. US-0632 Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company), Waste disposal apparatus with time delay switch. U.S. 2,615,636; filed May 19, 1949; issued Oct. 28, 1952. An apparatus attaches to a drain which would receive a mixture of garbage and water to reduce or comminute the solids into a flowable mixture suitable for discharge into the pipeline. It is important to use a generous flow of water to facilitate reduction and prevent clogging. A. feature of the invention includes a control system for a waste disposal device of this type which is particularly suitable for use in commercial installations. The apparatus is positioned on a counter with a large waste-receiving receptacle or flush bowl to accommodate an increased volume of waste. It is a safe device since the US-0633 Lamb, W. (National Rubber Machinery Company), Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,643,066; filed June 25, 1948; issued June 23, 1953. An improved waste disposer mechanism minimizes the possibility of waste received Interfering with the starting of the comminuting means. Improved rotor construction is provided with waste reducing elements which automatically retract when stopped and move to an operative position when started. The 274 ------- disposer prevents the accumulation of shreds of waste material between the rotor and the housing which could Jam the mechanism. A flow-responsive switch away particles of waste material reduced in the chamber into the sewer line. After the disposer has processed and flushed away the waste material, the water is •10 mechanism prevents the motor from operating when the water flow is less than a predetermined amount. Jordan, H. (Given Machinery Company), Waste disposal device. U.S. 2,664,247; filed Dec. 20, 1947; issued Dec. 29, 1953. This garbage disposer provides comminution means which are set in motion by the flow of water through the device, and arrested when the fluid ceases. This is accomplished by the use of a pressure-operated bellow device, isolated and insulated from the grinding chamber. A hopper or grinding chamber with rotary comminuting means within it receives material; water flows in to aid the comminution operation, then flushes stopped, thus reducing the air pressure in the bellows chamber. The reduction of this force causes a spring to extend the bellows, open the switch, and stop the motor from operating. US-0635 Hyde, R. W. (American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corporation), Drain trough for garbage disposer unit. U.S. 2,981,488; filed Sept. 4, 1959; issued Apr. 25, 1961. A drain trough is constructed in coordination with a garbage disposer which permits neither waste nor fluids to collect or stand. The drain is one in which 275 ------- Processing/Reduction the rotation of the cutter is used to induce a flow of water toward the drain pipe, causing the trough to remain free and clean of waste. The disposer itself comprises a body casing, an electric motor mounted below, and a comminuting chamber. A shaft for the motor projects through the center of the body casing and drives a cutter which forms the floor of the comminuting chamber. The subject drain trough is aligned with the sink drain pipe; flush water used to operate the disposer passes through the trough on the way to the pipe. This new trough construction does not allow bits of waste or some fluids to stand and thus alleviates all accompanying odors. is then carried into the side opening against a baffle which is disposed to prevent a complete cycle of movement of the water and scraps. This results in a deflection of the material into the opening while the silverware is retained in the bowl. iz e o- US-0636 Sherman, G. 0. (The Salvajor Company), Silverware salvage assembly for garbage grinders. U.S. 3,033,368; filed Apr. 11, 1960; issued May 8, 1962. This silverware salvage assembly for garbage grinders provides a structure capable of retaining the tableware, while flushing the scraps and water through a side opening in an upright tube contained within a scrap-receiving bowl. In operation, a hemispherical, hollow bowl is flushed by use of water that is caused to swirl in the bowl around the upright tube. The water US-0637 Jordan, H. (Waste King Corporation), Garbage disposal device. U.S. 3,076,611; filed Sept. 12, 1960; issued Feb. 5, 1963. Rotary table structures in garbage disposers have impeller means which work with stationary grind rings within disposer housings. The improved impeller has grinding flippers used to impel waste against a surrounding grind ring in a more efficient 276 ------- manner. An improved downfeed device has been provided to deliver the waste to the grinding flippers and ring. The grind ring has been improved with teeth or grind lugs of a special design. The improved grind ring and impeller design, including the ,72 vertical positioning of their grinding surfaces, contributes to longer life and improved disposer efficiency. Components are arranged in such & manner as to permit grinding about three times faster than other "models. The power requirement of the new disposer is significantly reduced. US-0638 Craig, S. N., W. H. Combs, F. E. Hilbert, H. L. Kemper, and A. B. Tahar (Somat Corporation), Waste disposal unit. U.S. 3,319,897; filed Sept. 8, 1964; issued May 16, 1967. A waste disposal unit comprises an annular wall and a bottom. The bottom forms a tank for receiving waste material and water. There is a disk impeller in the tank spaced circumferentially from the wall. There are material disintegrating cutters on the upper surface of the impeller. A sieve in the form of a tubular apparatus has through apertures supported in the tank and encircling the impeller. There is an ear attached at the periphery of the impeller and spaced from the sieve with a vertical dimension sufficient to span the apertures of the sieve. Material to be disintegrated and disposed of is inserted in the feed tray and allowed to fall into the cylindrical tank and encounter the impeller. A baffle in the tank has a surface which is directed opposite to the direction of rotation of the impeller so that material thrown outward radially by centrifugal force will be directed inward toward the impeller. ?resh water is allowed to enter the unit. The material is disintegrated by encountering the impeller to form a slurry which consists of the liquid with small solids somewhat in suspension. No pump is necessary in this unit as the slurry flows into the extractor by gravity alone. Water returns to the grinding tank by straight gravity. 277 ------- Processing/Reduction US 0639 Shepherd, T. C. R. Waste disposal installations. U.S. 3,371,871; filed May 20, 1965; issued Mar. 5, 1968. Domestic and commercial waste and sewage disposal is taken care of in this device. A chamber receives waste and reduces it by comminution means using water, and then discharges the material through a pipe. A pair of reducing devices with ripping claws are provided, capable of breaking up solid objects (tin cans, bottles, fibrous materials etc.) Materials are macerated which have been softened by the water. A comminuting apparatus is provided to deal with smaller pieces of waste to reduce them to a size for drain disposal. Both reducing and comminuting devices are designed for intermittent or continuous operations, by automatic control ireans. USO640 Shive, W. M. (General Electric Company), Food waste disposer. U.S. 3,374,958; filed June 11, 1965; issued Mar. 26, 1968. An improved stopper device is provided for a garbage disposer. The disposer itself is provided with an open-top housing surrounding a comminuting chamber, and is referred to as a batch feed type of machine. This type of disposer has been safer since there is little I jl i n :hance of inserting one's hand into it luring operation, A combined stopper and control means is trie most prominent safety feature of the disposer. The cup- shaped stopper is designed to allow water to enter the disposer during operation while allowing sink drainage, too. It also allows air trapped in the comminuting chamber to be released so the water flow will not be impeded. The stopper, which rests within the drain outlet, has at least one opening to allow drainage, and uses a movable member to open and close the passageway. US-0641 Wetzel, R. C. Food-waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 3,381,902; filed Jan. 17, 1966; issued May 7, 1968. 278 ------- This invention is an improved garbage disposer assembly which is simplified and whose life lias been extended. A new water seal for the bearings has been provided. The bearing structure designed for this unit should eliminate alignment problems. Manufacturing costs should be significantly reduced for this equipment. US 0642 Meyers, T. F. (Hobart Manufacturing Company), Waste disposer with automatic motor reversing means. U.S. 3,401,892; filed Apr. 29, 1965; issued Sept. 17, 1968. 6 An automatic motor-reversing switch for a waste disposer includes a stationary contact plate and a movable contact plate. The movable contact plate is progressively rotated by axially spaced cam members during the movement of the movable contact plate toward and away from the stationary contact plate alternately to establish contact between two pairs of contacts every time the movable contact plate is brought into engagement with the stationary contact plate. The life of the cutting edges of the impeller vanes and shredder ring is enhanced because the direction or rotation of the motor is reversed each time that the motor is started. US 0643 Chorney, P. L. (FMC Corporation), Waste disposal unit. U.S. 3,420,455; filed May 12, 1966; issued Jan. 7, 1969. A waste-disposal unit of the type found in kitchen sink drains has an induction coil placed about its entrance to create a detectable signal when a metallic item, such as knife or fork, is inadvertently received in the throat. The signal is used to stop the action of the comminuting elements of the disposal unit to prevent damage to the unit and to the metallic item. 2O US 0644 Enright, J. H., and C. A. Wicke (Emerson Electric Company), Waste disposer with stopper-actuated switch. U.S. 3,425,637; filed Dec. 16, 1966; issued Feb. 4, 1969. The batch-type waste disposer has a cylindrical throat portion and a somewhat wider 279 ------- Processing/Reduction comminuting chamber body with a cylindrical wall radially offset from the throat. The body and throat are connected by a shoulder which forms right-angle corners with the body wall and throat. A plastic cam track carrying sleeve is inserted'in the throat. It has an upper portion directly supported by the throat wall and a switch in both directions of stopper rotation. downwardly projecting portion spaced radially from the body wall. A support ring is disposed in the gap between the chamber wall and the downwardly projecting portion of the sleeve insert to bridge the gap in between and brace the plastic sleeve insert to maintain its cylindrical shape. The switch of the batch-type disposer is actuated by a stopper having a two-stage closure or valve and cams which actuate the US-0645 Prohl, R. F. Waste disposal devices. U.S. 3,448,932; filed July 23, 1962; issued June 10, 1969. This waste or garbage disposal unit is a heavy-duty type of large capacity adapted to be used for grinding up a large variety of vegetable and fruit waste materials on truck farms, in supermarkets, food processing plants, res:aurants, and hotels. device includes a frame providing a support for a housing containing a cutting or grinding chamber. A hopper is disposed above the chamber for receiving a supply of waste to be fed to the chamber. A rotary cutter assembly is mounted in the chamber on a main shaft, driver, by an electric motor. The rotary cutter assembly includes a feed plate or upper circular portion, having mulching knives mounted on it for effecting preliminary cutting and distribution of the waste material in the jhamber. A stationary cutter bar assembly is mounted upon the wall of the chamber and includes a blade or anvil that cooperates with a feed knife mounted upoi the top of the rotary cutter assembly. The' reduced-size material cut by the feed knife passes through the feed slot to a series of serrated grinding knives disposed below the feed plate. In order to facilitate disposal of fibrous waste materials, a set of finger knives is provided at one side The 280 ------- of the chamber. The housing has an opening through which a jet of water is introduced to flush material into the space below the feed plate. US-0646 Burkland, C. W. (Maytag Company), Waste disposer with centrifugally urged impeller. U.S. 3,454,240; filed June 27, 1966; issued July 8, 1969. 39 This impeller assembly for a waste disposer is operable for preventing jamming by bones or other objects while insuring optimum operation of the impeller assembly. The waste disposer apparatus consists of: a housing providing a comminuting chamber and having an inlet for receiving waste materials; a shredding ring including shredding elements; and a rotary impeller assembly with the chamber. At least one impeller is movably mounted on a rotor. The impeller is responsive to centrifugal force for movement into an operative position at which it is cooperable with the shredding elements for effecting comminution of waste materials. A detent device maintains the impeller in the operative position. Grinding US-0647 Hardgrove, R. M. (The Bab cock and Wilcox Company), Air-swept pulverizer for use in closed-circuit pulverized material transport systems. U.S. 2,436,488; filed Dec. 11, 1943; issued Feb. 24, 1948. This pulverizer is adapted for use in a system where the pulverized material is 281 ------- rtocessing/Reduction transported by means of a current of air. Material for grinding and air are supplied to the pulverizer in such proportions that the resulting mixture can be transported without risk, of premature combustion. Air is admitted to the pulverizer through a duct and into an extension where the air flow is reversed. The air flows downward through the ring-like passage. A mixture of fuel and air is admitted through the annular opening. The air stream and the fuel mixture combine to form a single stream flowing through the pulverizer. Solids are kept in suspension and do not interfere with the circulation of fuel. mounted on the connecting member also vibrates in a direction parallel to the axis of the magnet. Vibration of the conveyor causes work pieces to move into the grinding >0 throat. A second conveyor is used to return finished ground work pieces to the operator or to shift them in any other direction. US-0648 Jones, A. J., and C. C. W. Williams (Landis Tool Company), Work loading device for grinding machines. U.S. 2,472,707; filed Sept. 20, 1945; issued June 7, 1949. Work pieces are provided to a centerless grinder with a minimum application of force. Work pieces are introduced into a grinding throat consisting of a hopper having a V-shaped bottom. A baffle allows a controlled flow of work pieces to flow to the bottom of the hopper. Due to an adjustable opening, work pieces leave the hopper singly. The bottom of the hopper extends to a trough and a tube runs from the trough. The tube is attached to a vibrating device which contains an electro-magnet. When the magnet is energized and de-energized a set of springs and a connecting member are subject to a vibrating movement occurring in a direction substantially parallel with the axis of the magnet. A conveyor unit US-0649 Weston, D. Material reduction mills and the operation thereof, U.S. 2,678,167; filed July 16, 1951; issued May 11, 1954. In a material reduction mill, over-grinding is controlled by the use of an apparatus 282 ------- which Is used in connection with a pneumatic withdrawal system. The particles of ground material lying in the peripheral regions of the mill are periodically brought towards the center of rotation of the mill. The particles are entrained in the current of air causing a sudden reduction In the air pressure within the drum. As soon as this sudden drop in pressure occurs, the air in the region of the periphery of the drum moves toward the center and towards the outlet port. The movement of air from the peripheral portions of the mill takes place with sufficient velocity to entrain the particles of material in that region which are of a suitable size for removal from the mill. Under normal operating conditions the maximum sized particle which is removed from the mill is 1/2 to 2/3 inches in diameter. the container to handle air and dust particles in suspension. US-0650 Shelby, J. A. Dust collecting and spray device for grinding machines. U.S. 2,711,620; filed Jan. 23, 1953; issued June 28, 1955. Dust is collected from grinding machines by a unit especially effective for reclaiming diamond grinding dust. The unit has an improved internal construction designed to efficiently circulate dust-laden air within, and air is exhausted from the unit. Incoming air may be carried to a chamber without any clogging of the unit, thus simplifying maintenance. Means are provided to cool and spray ttie grinding disk to which the unit may be attached. A centrifugal separating unit may be supported on 23, US-0651 Weston, D. Automatic control case. U.S. 2,766,939; filed Apr. 15, 1952; issued Oct. 16, 1956. «?£•:' I %£ h28 Sou Of VOL JS2 126- BRIDGE cixcuir AMPtrfyfff POWER source fva FFfD cavrffo. i/ntrs To control the rate of feed to material reduction mills, an optimum rate of feed 283 ------- Processing/Reduction is set so the mill can operate at maximum efficiency (maximum of product, minimum of power). One objective is to convert the sound given off in the mill operation to an electric signal and controlling the feed in conjunction with this signal. This invention may be used to particular advantage with an air swept type mill. One feature provides for adjustable rheostats for biasing the output signal of the sound level indicator. That is, an increase in the sound level will cause a small increase in the rate of feed, a decrease in the sound level will decrease the rate of feed significantly. US-0652 Schinske, W. G. (Ideal Industries, Inc.), Dust collector for comminutor grinders. U.S. 2,784,537; filed Nov. 8, 1954; issued Mar. 12, 1957. A primary objective of this invention is to create a commutator grinder unit which provides suction means to funnel grinding dust away, preventing it from clogging adjacent apparatus and causing shorts in commutator brushes. A nozzle mechanism used with a source of suction is positioned ahead of the grinding stone so that dust from the point of contact between stone and commutator will be picked up. •JO US-0653 Hardinge, H. Comminuting and classifying system and method. U.S. 2,922,586; filed Feb. 18, 1954; issued Jan. 26, 1960. A system is provided for pulverizing or comminuting mixtures of solid material consisting of various sizes of particles. Raw material of various size is introduced into an Inlet hopper. The hopper discharges it into the inlet end of a rotatable drum-type mill. The exit of the mill is covered by a heavy screen or grate and a closed container and duct receive the finished product. The material is drawn upward through the duct receive the finished product. The material is drawn upward through the duct and is deposited in the container. The finished product accumulates in a cone and is removed through a discharge mechanism. 284 ------- US-0654 Sheldon, W. M. (Metals Disintegrating Company, Inc.), Vertical pulverizing machine. U.S. 2,922,589; filed Apr. 12, 1955; issued Jan. 26, 1960. This pulverizing machine has a rotary pulverizer at the bottom of the machine and a separator at the top. A source of suction is applied to the upper outlet pipe of the machine. Particles are picked up and carried to the separator which allows only a certain amount to be released. The remainder falls back into the grinding apparatus with the material coming into the chamber by the material inlet. The maximum size passed through the separator may be adjusted by controlling the speed of rotation of the vanes in the separator. This final product will have greater uniformity of particle size and better density. US-0655 Nestor, L. R., and R. A. LePage (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company), Production of groundwood pulp. U.S. 2,934,279; filed June 29, 1955; issued Apr. 26, 1960. This method for production of groundwood pulp produces pulp having fibrous components of high length-to-diameter ratio and which is applicable to the production of usefully strong, thin and opaque paper. The pulp fibers produced are more supple and conform better than prior groundwood fibers. These groundwood pulps are made from the less used species of woods. The invention provides a novel method of grinding wood, capable of directly providing groundwood pulp. This is accomplished by means of flexible grinding structures and under conditions of fully longitudinal wet grinding. Here, the movement of the grinding surface at the wet surface of the properly conditioned log or billet is continuously parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fibrous components naturally occurring in the wood. 285 ------- Processing/Reduction US-0656 Podmore, H. L. Vibratory grinding. U.S. 3,084,876; filed Feb. 24, 1959; issued Apr. 9, 1963. For grinding wet or dry materials by the vibratory method, a charge is fed into the chamber of a mill which contains grinding media. The chamber is subjected to vibratory action and air under pressure enters the lower part of the chamber to fluidize the charge and facilitate free movement of the grinding media. Due to the air flow, finer particles rise to the top of the charge and are carried off through outlets. Coarser particles remain for further grinding action. Materials in dry state are fed continuously into the chamber, either through inlet chutes or by being blown in along with the air. Means for vibrating the chamber need not be provided if the air introduced to fluidize the charge for some granular materials is sufficient to produce grinding action. With wet materials, continuous grinding in an open circuit is impossible since air flow cannot carry away the fine particles. US0657 Mollring, G. B. Apparatus for pulverizing and dispersing solid material into liquid suspension. U.S. 3,160,352; filed June 15, 1959; issued Dec. 8, 1964. Solid material is reduced to the desired particle size and almost simultaneously dispersed in a liquid media. The solid material passes downward into the apparatus from the mill, opening. First the solid material is struck by full force of impaction by a primary rotor of relatively small circumference. The shattered material is hurled against a first target area and downward against a secondary rotor. This rotor has a larger circumference t-ian the primary one. The solid material is hurled against a secondary target area by increasing peripheral speed and directed downward upon a tertiary rotor of a larger circumference trian the other two. After striking the third target area, the pulverized material is thrust downward into a mixing, dispersion, or temporary storage compartment. US-0658 Daman, A. C. (Denver Equipment Company), Screening-type peripheral discharge mill. U.S. 3,184,171; filed June 18, 1962; issued May 18, 1965. A screening-type peripheral discharge mill incorporates an induced discharge action in association with its screening 286 ------- structure. The grinding mill has an annular structure located on the exterior of the liner. This structure is provided with screening portions arranged around the drum. A passage is located at the end of each chamber for conducting oversize rejects to the interior of the drum. US-OG59 Bryant, J. G. Hammermill having a rigid, removable eccentrically disposed screen. U.S. 3,196,915; filed Oct. 29, 1962; issued July 27, 1965. A hammermill is suitable for grinding whole ears of corn, cobs, and other heavy agricultural materials. It is provided with a screen that does not require flexing for removal or replacement. A hainmermill rotor is within the mill comprised of a series of spaced discs which support numerous hammers around their periphery. The mill housing is made up of three portions: an inlet hopper portion, a closed cover portion, and an outlet or discharge portion. A screen covers the outlet portion, the size of the holes of which regulate the size of the finished product. US-0660 Peterson, C. H. (C. F. Shepherd), Suction-type grinding mill. U.S. 3,313,494; filed Apr. 1, 1964; issued Apr. 11, 1967. A simple, durable, and efficient suction-type grinding mill has an improved arrangement for introducing feed to the grinding chamber. Coarse material is fed into an intake spout which provides a gravitational feed inlet to the upper portion of the grinding chamber and supplies air to the chambers. The feed material falls to the bottom of the grinding chamber until entrained in centrifugal circulation. Grinding blades rotate, scoop up the circulating solids, and throw them against the walls of the chamber. Considerable size reduction results from the attrition action of the particles as the blades crowd the material against the side of the chamber walls and ?87 ------- Processing/Reduction circulate it in the centrifugal flow. On this centrifugal action, coarser sizes remain at the outer periphery and finer sizes are drawn toward the center. Circulating air and airborne material which pass around the periphery of the blades and until they are reduced to a size which will become airborne. Fan blades rotate at high enough speeds in the discharge chamber to draw in the finished products and eject them through a discharge outlet. US-0661 Hill, J. L. (Boise Cascade Corporation), Pulpwood grinder contro.".. U.S. 3,314,615; filed Apr. 21, 1964; issued Apr. 18, 1967. _./!__. A control is provided for effecting a constant rate of pulpwood feed to a grinding stone. Pocket, chain, or ring grinders are used in this operation, with this control device designed to provide a reasonably constant and controllable grinding rate per sq in. of wood in contact with the grinding surface. The control unit is comprised of numerous interoperatively-related valve means to control one pressure cylinder; it employs low pressure fluid for initial control of the pressure foot piston of the pressure cylinder which the control unit serves. progress laterally through anertures keet> oversize particles in the grinding chamber US-0662 Shepherd, T. C. R. Waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 3,361,370; filed June 21, 1965; issued Jan. 2, 1968. This waste disposal apparatus disposes of hospital waste such as disposable bed pans and other items made from fibrous material. The apparatus consists of: a casing, having an upward facing inlet to receive the waste; a lower part communicating with the inlet and to which the waste is led from the inlet; an electrically driven rotary comminutor located in the lower part of the casing; an outlet from the casing below the comminutor for discharge of the comminuting material; a closure for the inlet; and 288 ------- a nozzle to deliver water as a cleansing flow over the entire inner surface of the casing and through the comminutor to the discharge outlet. The nozzle will deliver water under pressure directed as a complete ring of water flowing radially over the undersurface of the closure. The water then flows as an annular curtain downward over the inner surface of the casing toward the comminutor, and then through the comminutor to the discharge outlet. A hinge assembly and arm mount the closure for upward movement to open the casing inlet. The hinge assembly and arm contain ducting to supply water to the nozzle. During comminution, the material which is thrown outward against the inner surface of the casing is limited in its upward movement by the downward stream of water. This effect is enhanced because the flow of water is greatest ar the waist portion of the casing, we]] above the rotary comminutor. The ability to wash the entire inner surface of the apparatus is especially imnortant when disposing of hospital waste. Infected tissue and noxious waste can be disposed of quickly and easily without risk of leaving any residue in the apparatus. US-0663 Conner, G. 0. (Rolls-Royce of Canada, Ltd.), Adjustable apparatus for pulverizing solid materials. U.S. 3,374,034; filed Nov. 19, 1965; issued Mar. 19, I968. JO- This pulverizer is adapted for breaking hard materials into a more desirable size. The head of the pulverizer is rotatable on an axis parallel to the material to be pulverized. It includes breaker elements which are cylindrical in configuration and rotatably mounted on the head. The breaker elements rotate in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the head. An adjustable drive is provided to adjust the rotation between the head and breaker elements. When the breaker element is brought into engagement with the. surface to be pulverized, the rotational speed of the breaker elements and the head are synchronized. This allows compressive forces only to be applied by the breaker elements perpendicularly against the surface to be pulverized. 289 ------- Processing/Reduction US 0664 Dyson, H. W. Disintegrating material in a liquid carrier and separating the same. U.S. 3,375,776; filed July 1, 1965; issued Apr. 2, 1968. A disintegrator or grinder receives the waste from a disposal unit and combines it with water or other liquid to form a slurry A separator receives the slurry from the disintegrator, extracts a portion of the water fioir it, and discharges the deliquified pulp. The water or other liquid is returned to the unit from the separator through a line having a gate valve. The partially deliquified pulp is discharged into a line having a diverter which directs the discharge alternatively into a waste line or an inlet line to a second separator. The second separator operates to remove additional moisture from the pulp discharged. It includes a squeeze-roll extractor for further extracting water from the pulp. The semi-dry pulp from the squeeze-rolls is discharged into a container and the liquid extracted in the unit is either discharged or returned to the unit through a drain line. This u-iit is especially useful in ships where water must be recirculated. US-0665 Foch, P. (Charbonnages de France), Grinding device in a fluidized layer. U.S. 3,381,901; filed May 23, 1966; issued May 7, 1968. An improved apparatus is provided for the simultaneous grinding, sorting, and, when required, drying, of granular, non-agglutinant materials. Such operations can readily be carried out in a fluidization reactor, comprising a percussion grinder such as that of the squirrel cage disintegrator type. This device permits the use of combustion or other gases at higher temperatures than in drying in a conventional fluidized bed. It is thus possible to reduce the contact time of the fine products with the gas or the combustion gases which convey them. The invention also prevents preferential wear of the bars of the rotating system employed. The invention comprises a fluidization chamber, at the base of which a closed conduit opens vertically. The conduit is traversed from the bottom to the top by the hot gases conveying the material to be treated. The percussion grinder's moving system is constituted of a plurality of rotating cages with bars mounted side-by- side on the same driving shaft and separated from each other by a free space. 290 ------- US 0666 Liebman, A. J. (Centriblast Corporation), Machine for disintegrating paper and other waste materials. U.S. 3,396,914; filed Mar. 15, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968. This paper grinder destroys the contents of office waste baskets. It will shred paper, leather, or chip-board sheet, and crush objects such as bottles, etc. Within the machine a pair of belts, which may travel at the same or different speeds, converge. The belts move the waste to a toothed drum where a series of spaced disks hold the material. Another drum, which is comprised of choppers or projections arranged in staggered relation to the disks of the feed drum, revolves at a high speed to beat and chop the trash into small fragments. Glass objects are smashed to small pieces, plastic objects shredded, and thin metal objects bent or sheared. The machine may be equipped with a separator to assure that oversized objects don't jam the disintegrator. US 0667 Miner, W. W., and L. F. Johnson (SFM Corporation), Method and apparatus for processing waste material. U.S. 3,426,673; filed Mar. 30, 1967; issued Feb. 11, J969. A method of processing waste materials such as garbage and trash includes the steps of controlling the flow of the waste material to a grinder, grinding the waste material into substantially smaller particles, transferring the particles to a compactor, and compacting the particles into a substance having a volume substantially less than the original volume. This method is principally accomplished by use of a two-stage reduction mill in combination with a hydraulically operated compactor. The. reduction mill operates as a self-contained unit to control the flow of waste material to a final grinding stage where hammermill flails comminute the wastes. The air draft created by the rotation of the hammermill flails assists the transfer of the comminuted material to a loading hopper of the compactor. US-0668 Moore, A. E. Sewage comminuting device. U.S. 3,439,361; filed May 11, 1967; issued Apr. 22, 1969. The apparatus is designed for combination with conventional toilet facilities. It reduces paper, tissue, and refuse of compacted, brittle, or stranded consistency 291 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles to a finely divided form and therefore provides more fluid refuse for expulsion through the associated sewage lines. The apparatus consists of a generally cylindrical © •1 _ f ._J_ ,x-"3 enclosure which can be connected between a toilet sewage outlet and disposal pipe, and a pulverizing mechanism which is actuatable in response to flushing of the toilet. REFUSE COLLECTION VEHICLES US-0669 Mott, C. V,'. (Leach Company), Refuse collector. U.S. 2,371,540; filed Nov. 20, 1943; issued Mar. 13, 1945. This large capacity refuse collecting vehicle offers improved loading of refuse into a storage compartment of the collector. Refuse is dumped into a stationary receiving trough with capacity for a single charge of refuse. Two pivotally mounted refuse- handling members, osclllatable back and forth 292 ------- in arcs between retracted and advanced positions, sweep the refuse from the bottom of the trough into an elevated position before final placing in the storage compartment. US-0670 Jones, H. W. (Dempster Brothers, Inc.), Collecting, transporting, and dumping equipment. U.S. 2,626,069; filed Sept. 26, 1949; issued Jan. 20, 1953. This transporting and dumping vehicle is capable of picking up in succession numerous small containers and dumping their contents into the vehicle. Such equipment is particularly adapted for collection and removal of waste materials such as trash and garbage from street curbs and sidewalks. A skid frame movable in a lengthwise direction, in conjunction with suitable hoisting equipment, is employed for picking up and dumping small loaded containers. The small containers are automatically dumped into the large container without releasing them from the hoisting means. The loaded containers, therefore, can be picked up at the side of the vehicle, swung into position over the receptacle and dumped; the empty containers are then swung back and dropped at the side of the vehicle. US-0671 Galloway, V. A. Vehicle loading equipment. U.S. 2,674,384; filed Nov. 28, 1951; issued Apr. 6, 1954. Improvements of construction in the mechanism of garbage pick-up trucks are based upon the design and use of guide rails from which the bucket guide rollers are not required to be disengaged for or during the bucket-dumping operation. The difficulty, therefore, of re-engaging the rollers with the rails when the bucket is lowered is avoided. The guide rail possesses a pivotally hinged upper end section with which the bucket guide rollers move into holding engagement with the lifting of the bucket up to dumping position and with which they remain engaged while the bucket is dumped. This upper end section swings with the bucket as it is dumped, and is actuated back into exact registering alignment with the fixed lower end portion of the rail when the bucket is returned from inverted position for lowering. This permits the free travel of the guide rollers onto it. The buckets themselves have been improved at their ends, and in the design of the dumping arms which mount the sheaves over which the bucket 293 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles suspending cables operate, and which co-act with brackets for bucket dumping operations. US-0672 Calamore, J. P. (City Tank Corporation), Loader and packer for refuse trucks. U.S. 2,692,062; filed Jan. 18, 1951; issued Oct. 19, 1954. N 8 » ,r i^Wi. ' >J,-O9/5/^x rsftfc* ; 1 L'r -^ v_ v. A tailgate loader and packer for refuse trucks has a motor which operates an endless conveyor lift or escalator type of load shifter which moves refuse. The refuse is moved from a low-level loading hopper along an angular tailgate to a position well above the floor level of the refuse truck. The conveyor is completely enclosed. The refuse is continuously distributed within the body with compacting force. Interruption in loading is minimized and a high payload may be loaded into the refuse truck body economically. US0673 Laber, W. J., H. E. Laber, W. Laber, K. Laber, H. Boeger, and M. Boeger. Balanced sanitation truck. U.S. 2,776, filed May 18, 1955; issued Jan. 8, 1957 A sanitation truck has facilities for receiving rubbish and garbage in an 770; accessible position ard for introducing it into the truck without upsetting the balance of the truck. This vehicle not only collects garbage, but also removes snow. A sliding panel or door is located on top and is movable toward the front of the truck body to expose an opening which can be utilized to receive snow from a snow conveyor. The side wall also has a sliding door to receive material. In this manner, no part of the loading mechanism extends into the truck body, but simply communicates with it. Between the cab and 294 ------- the body is a loading device which is readily accessible to troughs into which the garbage may be easily dumped. When filled, the entire body may be tilted to dump the load. US-0674 Bowles, S. V. (S. V. Bowles, and P. Gentile), Self-loading truck. U.S. 2,784,853; filed Dec. 15, 1953; issued Mar. 12, 1957. This power-operated loading device is suitable for attachment to a conventional trash truck for lifting the contents of trash containers from the street level into the body of a high-walled dump truck. This device also distributes the material evenly within the body of the truck. In lowered position, the bucket is filled with trash. The bucket is next lifted upward over the cab of the truck in progressive intermediate positions. When the arm readies or approaches top dead center, the arm sections are buckled about a hinge joint to swing toward the rear and invert the bucket. By buckling the arm in various positions, the contents may be dumped into different portions of the body. A double-acting hydraulic power cylinder is employed for the upswinging of each of the arms. US-0675 Dempster, G. R., and W. A. Herpich (Dempster Brothers, Inc.), Front end loaders. U.S. 2,900,096; filed May 28, 1957; issued Aug. 18, 1959. A front end loader includes a motor vehicle chassis and a chassis frame. There is a refuse body on the chassis frame, and a loading mechanism. The loading mechanism comprises a pair of lifting arms of gooseneck shape extending over the top of the cab and downward at the front and back of the cab. The rear lower end portion of each lifting arm on the vehicle is pivotally mounted for an upward swinging movement. A power device is connected with the lifting arms for causing an upward lifting movement of the arms. Pick-up arras are provided, and are supported by the front end portions of the lifting arms and have a connection for detachable engagement with a container to lift the container to an elevated position over the body and for dumping its contents. There is a torque tube journaled on the lifting arms and supporting the pick-up arms. This torque tube can be rotated to move the pick-up arms to different positions with respect to the lifting arms. 295 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles US-0676 Coleman, G. W., and J. M. Gwinn (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.)> Refuse truck body and loader. U.S. 3,044,644; filed Apr. 7, 1959; issued July 17, 1962. This refuse loader is mounted on a tailgate which is pivotally mounted on the rear end of a truck. The loader consists of a sweep panel which sweeps refuse from a trough in the tailgate to a position in horizontal alignment with a loading opening in the rear end of the truck body. A ram panel moves across the sweep panel toward the load opening to push the refuse off the sweep panel and through the opening into the truck body for dumping, and the tailgate is swung upward to an open position. The refuse can then be discharged through the opening. A unique feature of this invention is the utilization of one of the panel operating power means for opening the tailgate. This is accomplished by moving the panels into positions in which the sweep panel blocks movement of the ram panel in a direction away from the loading opening. With the sweep panel locked in this position, the ram cylinders mounted on the truck body are then extended. This causes the desired swinging of the tailgate. US-0677 Loane, L. B. Load-carrying apparatus. U.S. 3,057,663; filed Sept. 8, 1960; issued Oct. 9, 1962. A load-carrying apparatus has a wheeled hopper with a floor adapted to be moved forward and upward to unload the contents of the hopper. The rear wall of the hopper serves as a door, is pivoted at its top, and is maintained in a closed position by the floor so that movement of the latter causes the rear wall to swing open. A releaseable locking m=ans is provided to maintain the floor stationary. The apparatus includes a main frame supporting the hopper, equipped so that downward discharging of the load in the hopper is not obstructed. A power means such as a tractor is provided to move the floor upward and forward. When the trailer vehicle is fully loaded, and it is necessary to unload the contents, the linkage system is actuated to disengage the locking clip and pin and the tractor is driven slowly forward. This action causes the drawbar and the rear of the floor to move forward of the trailer vehicle. The floor is guided upward by a transverse roller. The load in the trailer falls through the open bottom. This vehicle can be employed for transporting any suitable loads. US-0678 Stratton, R. R. (The Stratton Equipment Company), Garbage loader. U.S. 3,059,791; filed July 7, 1959; issued Oct. 23, 1962. 296 ------- A refuse loader is designed for use with a conventional motor vehicle dump body. The loader includes a bed and side walls forming an elliptical opening through one of the walls adjacent to its lower edge. A circular tube having one end open is attached to one of the side walls around +a} ' <& a ^7 — w •jnlUaJ « " ^ •«/' «" -•^i -•> the periphery of the opening. This tube extends downward and outward from the opening. An auger in the tube extends through and beyond the opening into the dump body and it has a helical screw and an axial shaft. The helical screw has an external diameter approximately equal to the internal diameter of the tube, and it is supported and journaled about its radially outward periphery by the tube. The tube has in a portion of its length a charge opening facing upward. A hopper mounted on the tube surrounds the charge opening and extends up from it. There is a deflection plate attached to one of the side walls above and adjacent to the opening, through it and extending into the dump body above and adjacent to that part of the auger extending into the dump body. It is in coacting relationship with the auger. There is a drive mechanism connected to the lower outboard end of the shaft for rotating the auger in the tube. US-0679 Clement, F. L. Tag trailer. U.S. 3,082,039; filed Sept. 17, 1962; issued Mar. 19, 1963. This tag trailer provides trailer running gear which minimizes and stabilizes swaying and jackknifing during highway travel. In this multiple-axle trailer, a main frame is suspended by the rear axle and a forward subframe and tow bar are relatively immovable, forming together a solid unit. This unit is supported by the front axle and is pivotally connected above the axle with the main frame in a manner 297 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles to accommodate relative rocking of the frames about a horizontal axis while still maintaining fore and aft frame alignment. A tow bar-subfrarae unit is mounted on the front axle and has a crosswise hinge pin connection with the main frame above and vertically aligned with the front axle. This provides the main frame with a dumping body having a lift mechanism mounted on the frame structure vertically aligned with the axle. Unbalance of the subframe is avoided and the long projecting tow bar is maintained free of leverage forces, and support of the main frame weight is provided. US-0680 Worster, D. B. Convertible vehicle body. U.S. 3,087,759; filed Feb. 27, 1958; issued Apr. 30, 1963. A convertible body may be used for transporting granular material in a sanitary enclosure, or may be converted to convey regular packaged cargo in another condition. The trailer body is particularly useful if the distance of transportation is so great that the truck must be loaded for the return trip. The vehicle body is simple in construction, economical to manufacture, and efficient to use. The bed employed is specifically designed for use in an auto trailer. Similar principles, however, could be employed in railroad cars or truck bodies. The frame has a front floor sheet hingedly attached to the front fixed floor section vrith flanged members extending upward. These members are attached to the side walls adjacent to an edge of the fixed floor section, and extending inward from this position. A front floor sheet can swing from a horizontal position to form a compartment consisting of the sheet, side walls, and front wall. US-0681 Weiss, F. A. Extensible trailer frame. U.S. 3,239,274; filed June 2, 1964; issued Mar. 8, 1966. •S 8ii id Trailers are constructed so that they may be expanded in length to provide a greater wheel base. The object of this device is to provide a trailer which can be extended by lengthening the wheel base by means of longitudinally telescoping frame members. The vehicle can be adapted to mount a dump body with the trailer being in the extended position, and then retracting a portion of the trailer under the dump body when the truck reaches a location where it is desired to discharge the material in the dump body. A novel locking means is responsible for maintaining the adjustable portions of the trailer in operable relation. Anti-friction roller means located between the front and rear 298 ------- sections of the trailer allow relative free movement to permit lengthening and shortening of the wheel base. US-0682 Hackett, C. A., and K. J. Hackett (Clarence A. Hackett, Inc.), Slag pot carrying vehicle. U.S. 3,266,648; filed Apr. 16, 1964; issued Aug. 16, 1966. This vehicle is employed to transport a slag pot. It is capable of supporting the massive load of a slag pot and its contents in a unique manner both in transit and during dumping, and can employ rubber pneumatic tires. This last feature insures maneuverability in transit and the prevention of destruction of roadways. The pot is held in an extremely stable manner while it is transported, but may become unbalanced for the self-tilting operation. A novel pot-supporting linkage guarantees that the molten slag cannot be poured onto the rubber pneumatic tires during dumping. The pot is centered on the trailer to distribute the weight to the front and rear wheels of the vehicle. The load on the front wheels increases the friction of the tractor. When the vehicle reaches the dumping area, the pot moves to a position at the rear of the vehicle. The rear tires do not burst here because of an auxiliary supporting arrangement. US0683 Ridgeway, E. L., and W. S. Appleman. Lift and dump apparatus for refuse containers. U.S. 3,278,059; filed Nov. 16, 1964; issued Oct. 11, 1966. A material lifting and dumping apparatus for a front-loading vehicle is provided with an open top receptacle comprising a support mechanism attached to the vehicle. A pair of lift arms are pivotally connected to the support mechanism, and a latch is pivotally mounted on the ends of the arms, including normally vertically disposed slots. A container is provided with outwardly extending lugs on opposite sides of each other for sliding engagement with the slots. Means move the arms and the latch into engagement with the lugs and lift the container into an overturned dumping position over the open top receptacle. A main hook is mounted on the latch and includes a main lug-engaging shoulder which is movable across the slots between an open and a closed position for retaining the lugs in the slots. There is a safety hook mounted on the latch and includes a safety lug-engaging shoulder which is movable across the slots for safety engagement with the lug during movement of the main lug-engaging shoulder between the positions. US-0684 Engle, A. (H. and E. Trucking Company), Guard plate for refuse truck. U.S. 3,291,275; filed Feb. 10, 1964; issued Dec. 13, 1966. By means of this device, trucks may not only be economically manufactured, but also 299 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles be more efficient and satisfactory in use, adaptable to a wide variety of application, and be unlikely to malfunction. This invention provides in a refuse truck a container adapter plate adjustable for multiple purpose use. The adapter plate, in its horizontal rest position, serves as a platform and cat-walk upon which container handlers may stand and move about. Here, it can also be employed for holding the containers. In its raised, inclined position the plate provides a projection of the lower edge of the hopper opening. It is, therefore, useful in adapting containers of one size or configuration to use with hopper bodies which may have been designed for use with containers of other sizes or configurations. I i__ US-0685 Anstee, L. L. (Sperry Rand Corporation), Forage receiving and self-unloading unit. U.S. 3,348,707; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued Oct. 24, 1967. This invention comprises an elongated frame capable of receiving a dump vehicle for dumping into it. A feed conveyor moves the forage longitudinally from one end of the frame to the other end. An output conveyor is located on the end of the frame adjacent to the feeder conveyor. Forage is directed from the end of the feed conveyor into the output conveyor and distributed as desired. 202 US4J686 Goodman, J, F. Scavenger vehicle. U.S. 3,353,696; filed Dec. 29, 1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967. This vehicle has its own power-driven means for aiding loading. Its purpose is to increase carrying capacity of the vehicle and simplify the handling of 300 ------- cart loads of refuse. Doors of an auxiliary body portion are opened and a tailgate drops to contact the roadway. A wheeled cart may be rolled directly up the tailgate's ramp and secured within the auxiliary body portion. Flanges may be used to secure the cart in place. The tailgate is raised and latched shut with the doors. The main doors are opened by actuators. The auxiliary portion is then lifted until it is in position to transfer its contents into the main body portion. For unloading, the main doors are opened, the auxiliary portion upended, and the main body portion tilted. After, or at the same time the main body is emptied, the doors of the auxiliary body can be opened to disengage its contents. US-0687 Torrey, A. J. Combination cleaning fluid nozzle and hydraulically operated hopper for refuse collecting apparatus. U.S. 3,372,875; filed Oct. 21, 1965; issued Mar. 12, 1968. This refuse collection vehicle possesses a hydraulically operated lift mechanism and a hydraulically powered supply system which pumps cleaning fluid between a supply vessel and the manually-controlled nozzle on a flexible hose. A selectively operable diverter valve alternately directs hydraulic fluid from the vehicle's hydraulic fluid pressure system to either the lift mechanism or the cleaning fluid supply system. The vehicle thus may collect refuse or clean refuse containers. It also includes a heater adapted to heat the cleaning fluid contained in the fluid supply tank, permitting usage of the mechanism in subfreezing weather conditions. US 0688 Klanner, R., and M. Roedel (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg A.G.), Trash truck having removable tank. U.S. 3,380,600; filed Mar. 22, 1966; issued Apr. 30, 1968. A movable tailgate is pivotally joined to the truck chassis adjacent to the front end. It can be lowered or lifted so that the tank can be removed from the chassis. The tank is mounted on wheels so that it can be rolled off the chassis by pulling it backwards by means of a rope winch. A tow rope having a hook and running around a sheave is employed to pull the tank across a steel plate, forming a bridge between the trash truck and onto a different tank carrier such as a railroad US-0689 Barnes, C. H. (C. H. Barnes, and R. J. Barry), Refuse collection vehicles and the like. U.S. 3,391,811; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued July 9, 1968. This refuse collection vehicle is designed so that the number of persons required to operate it is reduced when garbage is being collected. An auxiliary control station is positioned adjacent to the refuse hopper of the vehicle. When the vehicle is functioning on a collection route, the driver operates the truck from the auxiliary control station. The operator ?orks both as a driver and as a collector. The driver support mechanism is constructed so that the vehicle complies with most 301 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles local, state, and federal vehicle-width restrictions. US-0690 Herpich, W. A., and G. W. Palmer (Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.). Refuse collecting vehicle forward tilt body. U.S. 3,411,645; filed June 9, 1966; issued Nov. 19, 1968. This rear-loading refuse vehicle has a hollow body pivotally connected to the chassis at the front lower end of the body. A tailgate is pivotally mounted on the upper end of the body and extends across the open rear end of the body. The hopper in the lower end of the tailgate charges refuse into the body. The body can be tilted to discharge refuse, and the loading hopper can be raised above the level of the rear axle when the vehicle is moving from place to place. US 0691 Schroering, J. B. (Tri-City Industrial Services, Inc.), Hoist arm structure for refuse loaders. U.S. 3,414,147; filed Feb. 17, 1967; issued Dec. 3, 1968. a supporting ramp. A cooperating container pivot is positioned at one end of the container, and is supported by the container and by the ramp surface. The container pivot defines the axis about which the container may be pivoted by elevation of its opposite end. Hoist arms elevate this opposite end of the container. The hoist arms are positioned on opposite sides of the container, and are supported on a common pivotal axis which lies between their ends. A lift bar lies under and spans the base of the container, adjacent to its opposite sides. The hoist arms are connected to the ends of the lift bar by closed slots in the lift arms. This forms a lost motion connection between the hoist arms and the lift bar. A latch is carried by the container base and includes a part having a recess open toward the opposite end of the container, and is adapted to accommodate the lift bar. The common pivotal axis of the hoist arms is below the container pivot axis. Pivotal motion of the hoist arms causes the lift bar to engage the base of the container and pivot it about the axis defined by the container pivot. The position of the container pivot axis and the hoist arm pivotal axis provides a rectilinear motion to the lift bar along the base of the container. This seats the lift bar in the latch recess as the container is tilted. US-0692 Wilson, D. D., and G. D. Pappas (Fruehauf Corporation), Refuse body with side loader. U.S. 3,452,891 filed Mar. 5, 1968; issued June 1, 1969. 13" This apparatus is for lifting and tilting a container through an obtuse angle above A lifting and tilting device is described for a refuse-hauling vehicle of the type 302 ------- which uses specially built containers which are left at the points of collection to be filled between trips and loaded into the vehicle body when it makes its rounds. The container is attached to the side of the vehicle, and is elevated and tilted by hydraulic power to empty it into the vehicle body. The containers may be supplied with hinged covers which conceal the refuse between trips of the vehicle but swing open automatically during the loading operation. US4693 Pappas, G. D., and A. K. Hoover (Fruehauf Corporation), Refuse loader with toggle action. U.S. 3,456,821; filed Aug. 14, 1967; issued July 22, 1969. A rear end loader for a refuse-collecting vehicle body consists of a tillable refuse receiving bucket and a pivotal packer blade so arranged that it will move the refuse from the bucket into the vehicle body with a toggle action by the blade such that the action is fast during the first part of its stroke, but is slower and exerts an increased pressure at the end of its stroke. trucks), U.S. 3,471,003; filed May 2, 1967; issued Oct. 7, 1969. In a garbage or refuse disposal truck having an upwardly inclined trash chute and drive and idler rollers mounted, respectively, at opposite ends of the chute, an endless conveyor is mounted to travel just above the chute. The conveyor comprises a number of spaced, parallel, transverse blades or pushers, which are secured at adjacent opposite ends to two spaced, endless belts, so that the blades on the lower reach of the conveyor have wiping engagement with the face of the chute to push trash upwardly over the upper end of the chute. The two rollers are resilient, and are positioned frictionally to engage the midpoints only of the blades, so that the latter can pivot about their midpoint to pass over an obstruction on the face of the chute. US-0694 Sandstrom, L. 0. E. (Holms Industri A.-B.), Refuse conveyor for trasli collectors or Packers US-0695 Baldt, T. T. Automatic vehicle loader. U.S. 2,496,192; filed Dec. 13, 1946; issued Jan. 31, 1950. This automatic vehicle loader compresses refuse in a garbage truck and can handle a greater load of refuse than is now customary. The efficiency of loading is increased while the complexity and size normally required of a loading device is decreased. The mechanism may be readily and removably installed on one of a number of 303 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles refuse-collection vehicles. On the truck, a tailgate is hingedly mounted to the body. A loading hopper at the lower end of the tailgate is employed for feeding refuse to the conveyor. The tailgate carries a bin in position to receive refuse elevated by the conveyor. A rotary scoop for scooping refuse in the bin and a paddle pivotally mounted with the scoop are employed for this purpose. US-0696 Calcagno, A. Refuse handling apparatus. U.S. 2,643,014; filed June 9, 1950; issued June 23, 1953. This refuse-handling apparatus collects garbage, sawdust, leaves, ashes, fertilizer, snow, and other refuse materials. The apparatus is fully sealed and sanitary, but may be packed full of refuse material to the limit of its capacity. It is capable of handling different types of refuse which may be segregated within the apparatus for separate disposal. Refuse is compacted to a high degree and the refuse-compacting mechanism may be employed to discharge the refuse from the apparatus. The packing plate in this vehicle is transversely mounted with means for reciprocating the plate longitudinally on the body. It is adjustable in its angle of inclination and may be increased or decreased as required to accommodate refuse having varying physical properties. The body is sealed completely, but has a number of doors stationed in the top and sides for introduction of refuse material into the interior in proper reletion to the packing plate. A holding plate is associated with the packing plate to keep the refuse compressed until it is discharged. Segregation is accomplished by means of an auxiliary packing plate mounted transversely within the body a spaced distance from the first packing plate. 21 US-0697 Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Material collecting vehicle. U.S. 2,649,216; filed Apr. 7, 1949; issued Aug. 18, 1953. A material-collecting vehicle of the self-loading type loads the material into the body easily and with a minimum expenditure of power. This vehicle also 304 ------- compacts the material to a certain extent. It includes a large-capacity storage body of generally rectangular form which is mounted on the chassis and can be lifted up for the dumping operation. The rear end of the body is hinged to the chassis to permit dumping of the contents. This tailgate can swing upward and toward the rear. An upright packer plate, which moves any material deposited in the hopper into the body along an elevated passageway, is located inside the loading mechanism. The packer plate is controlled by means of too laterally-spaced simultaneously-operating hydraulic cylinder mechanisms. The loading door is adapted to be closed at the time the packer plate commences its loading cycle. US-0698 Reitz, D. S. (Morse Boulger Destructor Company), Refuse truck loader. U.S. 2,675,138; filed Sept. 8, 1949; issued Apr. 13, 1954. With this refuse truck loader, loading occurs by the power propulsion of a paddle or other load-shifting member. It moves and compresses the debris loaded into a hopper at a low level and forces it at the low level point of the truck against the pressure head of the refuse filled into the truck body. The device will overcome problems such as overloading and stalling the prime mover or requiring an unnessarily expensive power tolerance. Workmen may dump the refuse collected with minimum lifting, leaving it for a loader such as a paddle, while is operated by a hydraulic prime mover. The loader employed compresses material entering the hopper to avoid the likelihood of forming voids or a bulky mass. The packer is a rotary loader mechanism whose trunnioned power shaft has a sprocket wheel connected by the chain drive to the driving gear. US-0699 Feidert, J. Material compression and loading means for truck bodies. U.S. 2,695,110; filed Mar. 7, 1952; issued Nov. 23, 1954. A double piston arrangement for loading refuse into a refuse container includes a ramming piston and a supplementary piston that constitutes a combined refuse material introduction tube and refuse material moving device. During the first phase of the charging of the refuse, the supplementary piston may be employed as a backing plate against which refuse will be compressed upon the movement of the ramming piston. At a certain moment, the supplementary 305 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles piston is lifted, and the compressed refuse passes into the collecting chamber. occurs, the material to be charged is emptied in front of the ramming piston. The device itself contains a rear closure which carries the loading opening, loading chamber, and ramming piston. When loading US-0700 Le Laurin, L. A. Refuse-compressing body for vehicles. U.S. 2,(,96,925; filed June 21, 1954; issued Dec. 14, 1954. A refuse body for compressing and transporting refuse is adapted to be mounted on a motor truck and operated by power supplied from tht: truck motor. It is comprised of an elongated body having side loading doors and dumping doors closing one end. A compressor plate is located transversely within the body and is arranged to move longitudinally in it for compressing refuse loaded through the side doors against the dumping doors. A reversible power take-off is engaged with the truck motor, and a speed reducer is connected to the power take-off for supplying propelling power to the compressor plate. A flexible device is connected to the speed reducer for pulling the compressor plate longitudinally within the body in either direction. There is a fluid coupling interpoised between the speed reducer and power take-off for slipping upon stalling of the compressor plate within the body. The fluid coupling is openly exposed below the motor truck and truck body for heat dissipation at ambient conditions. " US-0701 Brown, R. E. (City Tank Corporation), Non-channelling loader for refuse trucks. U.S. 2,754,988; filed Aug. 24, 1953; issued July 17, 1956. This device for refuse trucks employs a packer assembly which exerts its feeding or distributing action in a substantially unconfined space. This permits lateral spreading of the gravitationally deposited 306 ------- load, eliminating channelling, and attaining higher 'pay loads.' The cyclically-reproduced packer assembly of rotating blade and swinging paddle acts upon the deposited load. It sweeps and packs the load without any confining influence other than the walls of the truck. US-0702 Nelson, A. W. Refuse loading and compacting truck. U.S. 2,777,593; filed Oct. 18, 195A; issued Jan. 15, 1957. A loading and compacting device is provided for a refuse truck which periodically consolidates the refuse into the front of the truck without blocking the access from 10 34 30 307 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles the hopper to the truck interior. The device is automatically actuated for maximum consolidation of all stored refuse. Refuse is deposited in the loading compartment and a motor excited. Refuse lifters rotate and pass the compartment, picking up and transporting quantities of rubbish to an opening. At the opening, the refuse is deposited upon a packer. The packer then moves arcuately about a hinge, lifting and forcing the refuse toward the front of the truck. Ho pockets exist where refuse could accumulate and not be subject to the packing action. The spacing and number of lifters and buttons can be varied to predetermine the ratio of refuse deposited on the packer to packer movements. US-0703 Brown, R. E. (City Tank Corporation), Refuse truck and elevator head shaft therefor. U.S. 2,778,518; filed Oct. 27, 1953; issued Jan. 22, 1957. This invention provides a head shaft assembly for a refuse truck having a chain lift, and for a packer mechanism and coordinated parts which will be economical to install and maintain in proper repair. The unique feature of this assembly is its ability to withstand the normal stresses this type of vehicle undergoes. The tailgate and lift assembly is directed from a low-level hopper to a fill opening adjacent to the ceiling of the truck and is coupled with a packer blade actuating mechanism. US-0704 Wood, G. B. (G. B. Wood, and D. D. Wood), Refuse vehicle1 loading devices. U.S. 2,888,158; filed Aug. 30, 1956; issued May 26, 1959. This device improves the loading characteristics of earlier refuse vehicle loading devices, reduces the height to the loading hopper of a dump body, and provides a reciprocating belt-type loading hopper coupled with a ram loading and jaw compacting mechanism to load the main hopper of a refuse vehicle. This aids in reducing voids in the compacted load and further increases the capacity of the main hopper. The vehicle possesses a dump body which induces a main refuse hopper having a pivoted tailgate and a relatively low loading hopper which can be loaded manually from the street level. Also contained is a loading means which compacts refuse while it is transferred from the low loading hopper to the higher main hopper. A reciprocating flexible false bottom in the low hopper tumbles material loaded on it and reduces voids prior to 308 ------- compaction. Hydraulic means control a mechanism which combines action of ramming and compacting refuse into the higher loading-carrying hopper. V7O US-0705 Kamin, E. F. Refuse vehicle. U.S. 2,912,128; filed May 20, 1957; issued Nov. 10, 1959. A refuse-collection vehicle has a hollow body for collecting refuse. A packer device is movable and compacts refuse in the body of the packer. The packer device has a base blade portion and a tamping blade portion disposed above the base blade portion. The tamping blade is operable to swing downward over the refuse collected by the packer. A motor moves the packer device in the path, and another motor swings the tamping blade portion. A mechanism is interposed between the first and second motors which is operable to actuate the second motor after a given load is encountered by the packer. US-0706 Gwinn, J. M, (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.), Refuse loading mechanism. U.S. 2,939,594; filed Feb. 3, 1956; issued June 7, 1960. A continuously-operating feed mechanism for forcing material through a charging opening located near the bottom of the refuse container works by a rotary loading mechanism. An auxiliary pusher member moves between retracted and advanced positions to move the material out of the vicinity. Both mechanisms are controlled hydraulically so that when the feed mechanism is rotating, the pusher is retracted, and when the feed mechanism is stopped, the pusher is advanced. The loading is performed by axially spaced rigid teeth which engage, compress, and force refuse material through the opening. The opening passageway is so restricted in cross section and angular 309 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles slope that the material remains in contact with the walls and so, resists reverse flow of materials. The compaction achieved allows the truck to carry a maximum load and does not interfere with the truck loading operation. US-0707 Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Material collecting vehicle. U.S. 2,986,290; filed Mar. 29, 1957; issued May 30, 1961. .37 35 I £1 (% In a refuse vehicle, a storage body provided with an opening through which refuse is — T v. ^ ' - - \ J % ^ % i ./-^i-'-::^ i&J^'^tfSiA 310 ------- dumped at its rear end contains a conveyor which compacts the waste. The conveyor, consisting of a large number of interconnected transversely-extending longitudinally-spaced flights or cross bars, moves along the bottom of the truck, up the front wall, and about half way forward across the top, at which point the belt is reversed and travels the same path it had before, but underneath and separated from that part of the belt that is moving across the bottom and up. As a result, the refuse that is dumped into the truck is carried to the far wall and compacted upon itself. The conveyor can be moved in the opposite direction to allow unloading. US-0708 Rosaia, H. P. Packer-type refuse truck U.S. 2,996,203; filed Sept. 22, 1958; issued Aug. 15, 1961. I4 In a packer-type loading truck, a ram moves longitudinally to push refuse deposited in the loading compartment into the storage compartment. A gate positioned at the top of the opening between the two compartments extends downward from its pivotal mounting on a horizontal transverse axis. The gate can pivot toward the loading compartment when it is not latched into a retracted, downward position. When the ram moves forward toward the storage department, the unlatching mechanism is stimulated, and the gate extends into the path of movement. After the ram is retracted, the door returns to its latched configuration, therefore effectively shutting the refuse in the storage area. The actuating means for the ram at least partially supports the loading area. Side members of the casing covering the actuating means comprise forward extensions of dump sills which are pivotally mounted on the chassis of the truck. —•rrr-r^77riv^-^-_v--iu^^-^c. --1 311 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles US-0709 Karain, E. F. Refuse vehicle with ram-actuated packer blade. U.S. 2,999,606; filed Dec. 21, 1959; issued Sept. 12, 1961. A refuse-collection vehicle which has a rectangular hollow body houses a packer blade which extends transversely alonp, and straight across the body. The ends of the blade are adjacent to the side walls of the vehicle, and the bottora edge is adjacent to the floor. The blade can move in a path along the inside of the vehicle between a retracted position adjacent to the forward end, and an extended position adjacent to the rear end. A device is present adjacent to each end of the blade near its bottom edge for guiding the blade in its path. A fluid-operated ram is parallel to the floor and extensible for the entire length of the vehicle. This ram is situated above and close to the floor of the vehicle and is connected between the forward end of the vehicle and the blade, and extends behind the bottom edge of the blade for moving the blade in its path. There is an elongated cover extending along the vehicle, joined to the blade for movement with it, and extending back from the blade to shield the ram. The ram construction is double-acting, and can be used both for producing a compaction stroke and a return stroke in the packer blade. US-0710 Dow, R. A. Refuse disposal and general truck bed. U.S. 3,083,851; filed July 28, 1961; issued Apr. 2, 1963. A bed is tiltably mounted on the rear portion of a truck frame. The bed is provided with an extension at the rear end portion in which packer means are mounted. The packer device closes most of the rear end oi the bed so that all refuse deposited will be moved when the packer operates. Two booms are pivotally mounted between the bed and a bucket, which, when positioned near the ground, can be filled with refuse which it then conveys to a position above and forward of the packer. When the refuse is deposited, it can be moved by the packer. An axle, rotatably mounted to the bottom of the bed and connected to a slide from the power 42 means, connects to the booms. When the axle moves, the booms are raised or lowered, raising or lowering the bucket simultaneously. The extension of the bed, the booms and the packer can be released from the bed in such a way that these structures are elevated by force from the axle to the height of the upper portion of the bed, and the rear end of the bed is opened for dumping. The forward part of the bed can be released from the truck frame, and the slide member locked to prevent further rearward movement. The entire bed can then be; caused to tilt about its mounting on the frame, causing the refuse inside to fall out. The bed, since it is sealed and tilts upward in the rear, does not allow liquids to be lost accidently. US 0711 Ferrari, W. A., and 0. M. Anderson. Refuse vehicle with load-compacting and unloading mechanism. U.S. 3,161,305; filed Jan. 9, 1962; issued Dec. 15, 1964. A refuse-handling vehicle has doors at its rear end and a loading opening at its front end. An upright packer device is movably mounted in the body for longitudinal movement within it. The packer allows loading of refuse 312 ------- into the body through an opening behind the packer, and can also move beyond the rear end of the truck to unload refuse. The packer can also move along inside the truck body, by means of horizontally disposed, axially aligned pressure cylinders in the body in front of the packer. All of the force exerted by the hydraulic mechanism is applied in the direction of compaction of the refuse in the vehicle. In this way, the material may be compressed in successive increments as it is loaded, and it may be quickly and completely discharged on unloading, without tilting the body of the vehicle. US 0712 Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Refuse- collecting and transporting vehicle. U.S. 3,220,586; filed Aug. 26, 1963; issued Nov. 30, 1965. In a refuse-collecting and transporting vehicle, there is a body in which refuse can be compacted. The tailgate housing has a hopper for the reception of a batch of refuse. There is a transfer device which can be advanced to transfer the batch of refuse which has been deposited in the hopper into the rear end of the body. It is also retractable into a position to transfer another batch of refuse. A device is provided for advancing and retracting the transfer device. There is a partition in front of the transfer device, which can be moved forward and backward in the body. The partition is prevented from being moved forward while the transfer device is being advanced by another mechanism. There is a further mechanism conditioned by the position of the transfer device for automatically moving the partition forward after the device has started to retract, and before it has started to advance, US 0713 Weir, J. F. (M-B Corporation), Refuse collection and packer body. U.S. 3,232,463; filed June A, 1962; issued Feb. 1, 1966. This front-loading collection and packer body includes a collection receptacle having a loading opening in an upper portion of its front end, a hopper at the front end, a load lifting plate, and a packer plate. The load- lifting plate lifts refuse deposited in the hopper and the packer plate sweeps the refuse from the lifting plate into the collection receptacle through a loading opening. In this invention, the body is free for dumping through its open end and the heavy loading mechanism offsets the weight of the refuse during dumping. This prevents the possibility of upsetting the vehicle during dumping. The loading of the container portion is accomplished through a loading opening which is so located as to obtain the benefits of gravity while depositing refuse. It also minimizes the tendency for the refuse to fall back into the refuse hopper. US-0714 Herpich, W. A., G. W. Palmer, and J. G. Sand (Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.), Refuse-collecting vehicle. U.S. 3,233,760; filed Mar. 12, 1964; issued Feb. 8, 1966. This refuse-collecting vehicle has a body and a tailgate hinged to the rear end of the body at the top. The tailgate moves between a lowered and an elevated position adjacent to the rear end of the body. The tailgate has vertical sidewalls. There is a refuse- collecting hopper in the bottom of the tailgate. A vertically-extending packer blade is located in the tailgate and extends across the tailgate between the sidewalls. 313 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles A vertical guide track is positioned in each of the sidewalls, and the two are parallel to each other. The upper part of the packer blade is engaged in the tracks for guiding the blade for vertical movement in the tracks and for pivotal movement of the blade relative to the upper part during this movement. Means are provided in the tailgate for guiding the movement of the lower end of the packer blade through a closed path from a front position with the upper end at a higher vertical level and the lower end of the blade lying across the rear end of the body. The blade then moves backward over refuse in the hopper, then downward behind the refuse and then forward through the hopper to the first position for moving refuse out of the hopper into the body. There is a mechanism located above the closed path and engaging the upper end of the packer blade. This is effective for preventing downward movement of the packer blade at the beginning of a rearward movement of the blade from the front position. A power device is connected between the upper rear end of the body and a point on the packer blade between the upper and lower ends. This moves the blade to the rear and also forward in the tailgate. US 0715 Herpich, W. A., and G. W. Palmer (Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.), Refuse- collecting vehicle. U.S. 3,280,994; filed Oct. 29, 1965; issued Oct. 25, 1966. A refuse-collecting vehicle body includes a pivotal tailgate having a loading hopper with parallel sidewalls. There is an access opening at the rear of the hopper, and an opening into the body at the front of the hopper. A packer blade extends across the hopper between the sidewalls for moving refuse from the hopper into the body. There is a pair of parallel, opposed guide tracks, one in each sidewall. Guides on the sides of the packer blade are engaged with the guide tracks. There is a pair of parallel, opposed guide links, each of which has two free ends. The first end of each may be nounted to one of the hopper sidewalls above the guide tracks in the upper rear quadrant of the hopper. The other free ends of the guide links are each pivotally mounted to the packer blade. The guide tracks and guide links are effective for guiding the movement of the bottom edge of the packer blade through a closed path from a position adjacent to the rear end of the body, rearward over refuse in the hopper, then down behind the refuse, then forward through the hopper to the first position for moving refuse out of the hopper into the body. Means are provided for preventing downward movement of the packer blade at the beginning of a movement to the rear of the packer blade from the first position. A power mechanism is connected to the packer blade for moving it. US-0716 Park, G. S., and R. R. Szaj (The Heil Company), Refuse bodies. U.S. 3,297,180; filed Feb. 23, 1965; issued Jan. 10, 1967. In this refuse body, the scraper-packer plate makes its return movement in an elevated position so that material can be dumped substantially continuously into the tailgate withojt waiting for a cycle of the packer plate to be completed. All of the operating mechanisms for this scraper-packer plate are external, and therefore out of the refuse. A novel means is provided for stopping the downward movement of the side booms or lifts 314 ------- whenever an unusual obstruction Is encountered. This leaves a sufficient gap between the lower edge of the scraper-packer plate and the bottom of the tailgate which permits the swinging operation of the scraper plate to occur and continue without loss of time and without breakage or distortion of parts. Rapid and effective compression and package are also characteristics of this invention. US-0717 Terho, M. J. Refuse vehicle. U.S. 3,319,810; filed Apr. 8, 1965; issued May 16, 1967. This refuse vehicle compresses rubbish compactly into a small space in the rubbish tank of the body. The loading is automatic, requiring fewer men for the total operation. Besides a savings in costs, this vehicle is hygienic in that odors and the possibility of rubbish IS 17 K IS floor of the truck in crushing the refuse and moving it into the body of the vehicle. The device consists of a hollow, rotatably cylindrical roller mounted on axle studs, means for rotating the roller, and an axle. The axis of this axle is stationary in respect to the studs, but parallel to the axis of the roller. Slidable arms are rotatably mounted side by side on the axle and extend at right angles through openings in the periphery of the roller. When the roller rotates, the arms move in and out through their respective openings in the roller surface. A hydraulic power means is employed for dumping, once the vehicle is filled. US-0718 Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Refuse vehicle. U.S. 3,348,708; filed July 13, 1965; issued Oct. 24, 1967. flying about are eliminated. The packing and crushing device cooperates with the A vehicle includes a storage body and an adjacent loading hopper, and provides means for transferring the refuse from the loading hopper into the storage body and for compacting the refuse within the body. The loading hopper has a curved bottom portion joining with the floor of the storage body. A single packer plate moves through a cycle for forcing refuse in the hopper into the storage body. This plate mounts a pair of sliding pivots at respective side edges. The pivots are received in inclined guide tracks mounted to hopper walls. Each cylinder therefore of a first and second pair of fluid-operated cylinders has one end pivoted to the hopper and the other 315 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles end pivoted to the plate in specific places, A directional control valve mechanism operates these cylinders for moving the packer plate through its cycle of operation. A hopper door mechanism is mounted by an overcenter linkage mechanism for counterbalancing the weight of the hopper door. A cable connects the hopper door with the packer plate to insure automatic closing when the packer plate moves to force refuse from the hopper to the storage body. US-0719 Morrison, G. W. (Western Body and Hoist Company, Inc.), Trash hauling truck. U.S. 3,351,222; filed Aug. 9, 1965; issued Nov. 7, 1967. A self-loading trash hauling truck features a short coupled wheel base located to the rear of the engine, the loader, and the crew compartment. This device has a power-operated loading device pivotally supported on its front end with operating linkages clear of the entrance to the crew compartment. Mounted on the chassis is any suitable form of trash storage chamber. It may be pivotally connected crosswise of the rear end of the chassis to be tilted for dumping, though this is not requisite due to a downward inclined portion within the body which can be employed for similar purposes. The self-loading device for elevating trash into the top of the hopper comprises a pair of operating linkages controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. A powerful ram js used to push the entire contents of the chamber to the rear during the dumping operation. US-0720 Nelson, A. W. Refuse truck. U.S. 3,355,044; filed Mar. 25, 1965; issued Nov. 28, 1967. An improved loading and compacting means is provided for refuse trucks. Compaction occurs in a tailgate hopper loaded with refuse charges. From tne hopper, the charge may be transferred into the hollow interior of the truck body. When the truck body of the refuse vehicle is loaded with compacted refuse charges, the tailgate hopper is retracted to open the rear-end opening of the truck body, and the charges are discharged. The hopper is provided with pivot hinges to allow it to swing upward. It is adapted for side loading, and for this purpose, each of the end walls possesses a loading opening closed by a hinged cover. An elevating platform, which can be raised or lowered, is located within the hopper. The hopper is also provided with a compacting mechanism. These two mechanisms work in conjunction to load and compact the refuse before discharge into the body, and effect final discharge at a suitable location. US-0721 Evans, E. Compactor for refuse collection. U.S. 3,366,255; filed Oct. 24, 1965; issued Jan. 30, 1968. This compactor is designed to be used with refuse collection vehicles. It is mounted on a carriage provided within a truck body for reciprocal movement by hydraulic means toward and away from the rear wall of the refuse compartment. Collectors fill the refuse compartment through side openings. 316 ------- As the refuse builds up, personnel inside the cab operate controls which move the piston and packing plate to the rear. This causes the refuse material to be compacted body with self-loading mechanism. 3,370,525; filed Sept. 24, 1965; issued Feb. 27, 1968. U.S. /7 5 »A _J :i; FIG 2 ^ ^- _- -=4 _ r'H \W against the rear wall of the refuse compartment. The packing plate can be returned to its original position by means of a reverse switch. The operating parts are shielded from the refuse by a movable and a fixed cover plate. US-0722 Bowles, S. V. Interchangeable refuse truck A refuse truck body of the interchangeable type embodies a self-loading mechanism. This device efficiently employs all available space and keeps refuse from spilling out of an open top. At the collection site, refuse is dumped through a top opening of the loading compartment. At any convenient time, a loading mechanism is actuated to pack the refuse into a storage compartment. A timer may be adjusted for this operation to occur for predetermined time periods at periodic intervals. Refuse in the space between a packing blade and a passage will be pushed along the floor and -through the passage into a storage compartment. As the blade returns to its original position, more refuse falls in preparation for the next packing stroke. Compaction occurs during the pushing, as well as by means of accumulating more and more refuse in the storage area. Since the compartment is closed, no danger of spilling is present. Once the storage compartment is filled to capacity, the loading compartment may also be employed for refuse storage. By virtue of wheels and facilitated by rollers, the body can now be transported to the dump, having been loaded on a truck. 317 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles US-0723 Palmer, G. W., R. C. Cast, and R. E. Bartholomew (Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.), Refuse-collecting vehicle. U.S. 3,402,837; filed Sept. 12, 1966; issued Sept. 24, 1968. This refuse packer is equipped with a movable platen which is positioned across the hollow body of the truck. A hopper /3 34 at the rear of the truck receives the refuse, and a packer blade transfers the refuse into the rear of the body. Each time the packer blade is energized the ejection platen moves forward thereby enlarging the space into which the garbage is compacted. The tailgate of the packer can be swung open so that the accumulated load of refuse can be ejected at a city dump or other location. US-0724 McCarthy, J. (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.), Refuse packing system. U.S. 3,410,427; filed Dec. 27, 1965; issued Nov. 12, 1968. This refuse packer compacts successive batches of refuse against a longitudinally movable panel within the refuse storage compartment. The compaction process is automatically controlled so that as the volume of refuse in the storage compartment increases, maximum pressure will be applied to each load of refuse. The hydraulic motor regulates the compacting force as it senses changes in the level oi fluid input. U.S. 3,419,167; filed May 31, 1966; issued Dec. 31, 1968. The floor of this refuse packer's body is sloped in order to facilitate the packing of the refuse into a solid mass. Beginning at the forward loading compartment, the floor slants down until it reaches the gate where it slopes up and to the rear. At the rear end of the packing mechanism the floor slants down again until it levels off and remains level to the reiar end of the storage compartment. Since the floor is slanted, the refuse as it climbs the ramp is rolled, and thereby prevented from falling forward. The material comprising the refuse rolls together, which simplifies loading. US-0725 Rosoia, H. P. Refuse packer construction. Brisson, J. R. (Lodal Incorporated), Refuse collection. U.S. 3,451,571; filed Sept. 27, 1967; issued June 24, 1969. 318 ------- A refuse collection vehicle has a cab with interconnected dual steering wheels. An assembly comprising the engine, radiator, transmission, and bumper is slideably Off C/u.J. removable forward as a unit from the chassis frame. A hopper forms a portion of the vehicle and a compaction plate i slides rearward througli the hopper to push refuse into an opening in a refuse container. The container is movable onto and off the rear end of the vehicle, and has rollers and/or skid shoes which ride on inclined rails on the vehicle. Detachable link bars connect the platen with the container, and platen movement moves the container. A channel and bolt mechanism locks the container in place. The vehicle receives, compacts, and stores refuse. The container is loaded onto the vehicle or removed from it by a power system contained on the vehicle itself. US-0727 Nelson, A. W. Refuse truck. U.S. 3,454,174; filed Aug. 24, 1966; issued July 8, 1969. A compact, space-saving actuating device is provided for actuating compacting elements of refuse trucks. In a refuse truck consisting of a chassis, a cab, and a refuse storage body having an open end mounted on the rear end of the chassis, and a tailgate hopper, the movable refuse-compacting element in the hopper is actuated by a lazytongs linkage system having forward and rearward ends. The rearward end is connected to the compacting element and the forward end is connected to the truck. The hydraulically-operated piston adapted to impart motion to the linkage system is translated into forward or rearward motion of the compacting element. The lazytongs system is of a pantograph type of linkage system including long linkage members and short members so connected by means of a #i number of pivots that the linkage system is extensible to a maximum length equal to the combined length of two of its long members and is retractable to a minimum length equal to the length of one of its short members. US-0728 Merther, K. L. (Eagle Engineering Company, Ltd.), Refuse-collecting vehicles. U.S. 3,455,471; filed Apr. 17, 1967; issued July 15, 1969. A refuse collection vehicle body consists of a collection chamber and a refuse depository having a floor disposed rearward from the collection chamber. A dependent arm is swingably mounted on the body. A power source is connected to swing the arm. A compression device is pivotally mounted on the ami above the floor and extends rearward from the pivot. A motion- transmitting mechanism extends between a second power source and the compression member. The compression member may be 319 ------- Refuse Collection Vehicles swung relative to the arm device to crush refuse on the floor and may move with the swinging of the arm device to displace crushed refuse into the collection chamber. US-0730 Balbi, V. L. Paper scrap pickup and baling machine. U.S. 3,467,001; filed Oct. 16, 1967; issued Sept. 16, 1969. US-0729 Weir, J. F. (R. B. Evans), Refuse packer body. U.S. 3,462,031; filed Aug. 3, 1967; issued Aug. 19, 1969. A packer body is mounted on a mobile chassis. It includes a container divided into an open forward loading compartment and a rear storage compartment having a discharge opening at the end of the container which is normally closed by a door. A bucket is 1'ivotally mounted in the loading compartment and is movable by a hydraulic cylinder operating on a toggle linkage to shift the bucket between a lower position in which it receives refuse and an upper dumping position. A packer plate is pivotally supported in the container and is movable through an arc from a normal position closing the passage between the storage and loading compartments to an upper position and then downward back to its normal position to sweep refuse from the bucket into the storage compartment and to compact refuse. Such movement of the packer plate is accomplished by a hydraulic cylinder working on a toggle linkage. The packer plate is further movable into and through the storage compartment to discharge refuse through the discharge opening. This movement is accomplished by a further hydraulic cylinder which shifts the mounting of the hydraulic cylinder that operates the packer plate linkage. A safety door for the loading end must be closed to permit a hydraulic control system to function to operate the hydraulic cylinders. The packer body is adapted to be mounted on a mobile chassis for in-plant collection, compaction, storage, and disposal of refuse. A truck is provided with means by which scrap material may be picked up at curb side from retail stores and conveniently formed into small bales. This will result in a considerable reduction in the size of the truck load. The overhanging refuse receiving and baling device at the rear end of the truck has a vertically extending rectangular refuse-accommodating chamber, a refuse-compacting member, hydraulic power means for operating the compactor, a horizontally extending rectangular refuse- accommodating chamber having an opening in communication with the vertically extending chamber and a rectangular piston mounted in the horizontal chamber having a skirted length sufficient to form a bulkhead at the upper end of the chamber. The refuse in the vertical chamber is pressed into a tight bale upon the initial operation of the compactor and the bale is moved into the horizontal chamber and finally discharged. Water-spraying nozzles at the upper end of the vertical chamber wet the refuse as it is being compacted. US-0731 Jones, C. E., and W. C. Henry (C. E. Jones, W. C. Henry, and Thru-Way Equipment Company), Refuse collection vehicle. U.S. 3,476,273; filed July 26, 1967; issued Nov. 4, 1969. A refuse collection vehicle has a packer in its body and control means responsive to transmission speed selection which enables actuation of the packer when the speed 320 ------- selector of the vehicle transmission is set in neutral or high drive range position. When the packer is operated with the transmission in neutral, the control mechanism causes engine speed-up so that adequate pressure is available to the packer. The danger of excessive hydraulic pressure is eliminated by permitting operation of the packer only when the transmission is in ranges where engine speed is not so high as to drive the hydraulic pump to overload. US-0732 O'Brien, A. J., and J. McCarthy (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.), Refuse vehicle. U.S. 3,486,646; filed Oct. 19, 1965; issued Dec, 30, 1969. lTf)P ••'>- -Mrrv •^i-V-- 1 w p.T'-! I . \S^ f.~ ^->^ 'r^ ~_ ^JI\^ This refuse vehicle transports a maximum volume of refuse in a minimum overall size. This vehicle has a refuse compartment which does not comprise a separately mounted chamber; the storage compartment is formed without any separate reinforcing frame. The vehicle has a front-wheel drive system, thereby eliminating the need for a drive shaft. A refuse ejector is positioned inside the refuse compartment uhere a pair of guide rails reinforce the sheet metal walls of the compartment. Since the engine is placed next to the driver's cab, the storage capacity of the vehicle is increased. A passenger compartment is located behind the driver's cab which accommodates helpers. This vehicle can be adapted for vehicles which dump refuse by tilting the refuse chamber. SEPARATION US-0733 Nilsson, A. E. Separator for dust or other solid impurities. U.S. 2,396,526; filed Sept. 14, 1943; issued Mar. 12, 1946. A device separates dust or othe" solid impurities from a gaseous or vaporous medium by treatment with a liquid. The separator 321 ------- Separation consists of a container which receives the liquid and the gas or vapor through an opening in its upper end. The liquid passes through the separator with a falling motion while the gas or vapor is sucked through the separator by fan wheels arranged under one another in the center of the container. During their rotation, the wheels atomize or finely diffuse the liquid, fling it outward, and mix it with the gas or vapor. After each such projection, the media are returned to the center of the separator by collecting funnels arranged under the fan wheels. By causing the washing liquid to circulate and by supplying the separator with sufficient liquid for removal of the separated dust, the separating effect can be further enhanced and the total consumption of liquid reduced. tailings losses in such operations. A better separation of the valuable constituents of ores can thus be obtained. US-0734 McNeill, H. L. Specific gravity separation of solids in liquid suspension. U.S. 2,422,203; filed Oct. 12, 1942; issued June 17, 1947. FINAL PRODUCT TO SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT Sink and float methods of separating solids of a pulp according to size or specific gravity are provided. With proper arrangement and control of centrifugal movement of mixed solids in liquids, it is possible to effect a clean and distinct separation. Sink and float separations can be accomplished without introducing heavy media into the treatment, and apparatus which it, applicable to existing milling equipment can be used. Capacity of existing plants is increased while reducing US-0735 Lyall, J. D. (Armstrong Cork Company), Method of treating liquid slurries to separate fibers from heavier particles. U.S. 2,450,901; filed Apr. 30, 1943; issued Oct. 12, 1948. 5 s Liquid slurry containing fibers and undesirable heavier particles is treated. A substantial portion of the solids of the slurry have a tendency to settle out on their own. A circulatory movement within the body of slurry is established in a generally upward and downward direction by injecting a stream of air downwardly into the slurry. The upwardly moving portion of the slurry is kept separate from the downward moving portion in a zone spaced from and above the point of air injection. The upward moving portion of the slurry is accelerated with respect to the downward moving portion in this zone. This effects a turbulent motion within the confined portion. The movement of the slurry is adjusted to draw the desired fibers out of their downward travel and into the upward moving portion of the slurry where the fibers are separated by the turbulent movement. The accelerated movement of the upwardly directed portion of the slurry is insufficient to draw the undesirable heavier particles out of the downwardly moving portion whereby the heavier particles are settled out and the desirable fibers are maintained in suspension within the slurry. 322 ------- US-0736 Freed, E. A. Scrap separator for materials conveyor. U.S. 2,455,750; filed Apr. 3, 1944; issued Dec. 7, 1948. This conveyor comprises a tubular conduit, within which is a propelling device, such as an auger, for conveying stoker coal, grain, or other similar solids. A separator is provided for removing from the fluent solids any large infrangible objects which would be likely to damage the conveyor. The invention may be applied to a stoker in a coal-burning furnace. It eliminates any obstructing object before jamming takes place and deposits the object safely in a receptacle. A device is responsive to movement of the auger to positively urge the object from a position above the conveyor to a position beneath the latter. US-0737 Schneible, C. B., and A. S. Lundy (C. B. Schneible), Collection and separating apparatus. U.S. 2,474,695; filed Mar. 23, 1946; issued June 28, 1949. A casing provides a closed separation chamber. Also included is a high-velocity fluid duct having an elbow bend and with a cutaway heel portion communicating with the chamber. ,There are a number of curved rods extending longitudinally along the opening spaced laterally apart. These provide spaced passages extending along the elbow portion between the duct and the chamber. In operation, the fluid is drawn at high velocity through the duct and discharged through the outlet of the duct. The change of direction of the air current causes the heavy particles to continue toward the cutaway heel portions and there, the rods are effective in the separation of the particles or heavier fluid while, at the same time, greatly reducing the frictional resistance or back pressure which would otherwise be present. The rods are effective in maintaining particles which have already escaped in the chamber from finding their way back into the duct. US-0738 Seaver, J. J. Means for separating solids from exhaust gases of open-hearth furnaces. U.S. 2,640,692; filed Mar. 15, 1950; issued June 2, 1953. S3 This open-hearth furnace comprises a multiple burner device in connection with a novel hearth 323 ------- Separation roof structure, and a means for deflecting the exhaust gases on their path from the hearth bath to a regeneration chamber. This last operation is accomplished by way of a slag chamber in a manner that solids entrained in the exhaust gases are effectively deposited in the sJag chamber for periodic removal prior to reversal of an operating cycle. These solids are thrust downward by inertia to become deposited on the floor of the slag chamber. US-0739 Maestas, T. E. (T. E. Maestas, and Doenges-Long Motors, Inc.), Separation of metallic from nonmetallic particles. U.S. 2,689,648; filed Feb. 18, 1952; issued Sept. 21, 1954. 3 A ••* \ "sr i\ 20 19 i - 1 ,25 . L"Lj2L«s ^9 <7 30^ 28- %.'5 in -•) » 0 w 3ev4-J' Wr ij , : ^ non-metallic particles which do so respond. After this has been accomplished, a mechanical separation of the resultant layers of the types of particles occurs. Segregation is possible regardless of the density and size of the particles. A mass of particles is moved upon a carrier having high dielectric strength through an electrostatic field of alternating potential for a substantial distance in order to achieve the objectives. The intensity of this electrostatic field raay be regulated. In this field, the metallic particles remain at rest, while the non-metallic particles will vibrate. US-0740 Woodruff, M. D. (The Bauer Brothers Company), Apparatus for separating solids from a liquid suspension. U.S. 2,809,567; filed Sept. 16, 1953; issued Oct. 15, 1957. This device segregates and concentrates by stratification metallic particles which do not respond to electrostatic charges from 324 ------- This pulp separation apparatus removes desirable wood fibers from a liquid pulp suspension in a cone-type separator. The efficiency of the. cleaners is improved so that the wood fibers are discharged in a separated form. The principle of water injection in pulp cleaners is employed for supplemental or better fiber separation. Water under pressure may be injected into the flowing liquid pulp material to cause a radial squeezing or compression. The cone-shaped separator has the liquid suspension inlet near its large end. It is arranged for tangential discharge so that the liquid suspension flows in a helical path along the wall of the separator towards the small end. The flow induces a concentric counterflow entraining the solids. US-0741 Meisel, G. M., and H. P. Kautz (The Mine and Smelter Supply Company), Heavy media separator. U.S. 2,868,376; filed July 9, 1954; issued Jan. 13, 1959. This separating device has a tank with an inclined bottom, an overflow for fines or float, an elevated discharge foi sink or coarse rake products, and a spiral conveyor for agitating the pulp and raking the sink out of the tank. Such classifiers are often used to segregate a mass of grains or ores of mixed sizes and/or specific gravities into various grades or sizes. Various density fractions of the feed are separated, including a heavy or sink fraction, middling fraction, and light or float fraction. ^^SK^W!' US-0742 Gillette, S. G. (Los Angeles By-Products Company), Apparatus for extracting magnetic objects from rubbish. U.S. 2,964,184; filed Jan. 3, 1958; issued Dec. 13, 1960. This apparatus is used to extract magnetic objects from rubbish. Rubbish containing metal objects is introduced into a cylindrical container. The cylinder revolves with sufficient velocity to throw the rubbish toward its center. While in free flight, the rubbish falls onto a belt which passes around and under a magnet drum. Magnetic objects are retained on the belt and the remaining rubbish falls free. The magnetic objects are subsequently stripped from the belt and deposited on a conveyor for separate discharge from the cylinder. 325 ------- Separation US0743 Slavicb, M. (United States Gypsum Company), Method and apparatus for cleaning wood chips. U.S. 3,042,198; filed Feb. 4, 1959; issued July 3, 1962. A process for removing waste material from wood chips comprises passing the chips containing waste over a series of spaced parallel disposed riffles. These riffles are inclined at an acute angle in the direction of flow, while the chips are suspended in a liquid moving at a high velocity and uniformly over the riffles. This liquid has a density greater than that of the wood chips but less than that of the waste. Thus the waste collects at the base of the riffles and the chips pass over the riffles. The chips are removed (all except a portion of the smaller ones) from the liquid, and at least a portion of the liquid containing the smaller chips is recirculated over the riffles for ultimate entrainment with the larger chips being removed. US-0744 Lohstoeter, J. E., and J. L. Young (Scientism Laboratories) , Apparatus for dewatering and dehydrating slimes and the like. U.S. TO CONDCNSER 3,348,599; filed Apr. 3, 1964; issued Oct. 24, 1967. A method and apparatus are provided for dewatering and converting a liquid-containing refuse material into a useful product. A liquid-containing waste material, such as slime, clay, or sludge, is fed by a hopper into a tube. It is discharged from the tube and passes through a disc which has a number of extruding holes. The material is discharged from the disc in the form of a number of ribbons. These spaghetti-like ribbons are put in the path of a charge of superheated steam coming from a tube nearby. The material is completely dried and ready for any further method of utilization, purification, or modification. US4745 Farr, R. S. (Farr Company), Dust-separating device. U.S. 3,369,349; filed Feb. 28, 1964; issued Feb. 20, 1968. This dust separator and collector operates by inertial separation a;tion. The device consists 326 ------- of 10 separate V-shaped separating cells positioned side-by-side within a housing. Each cell has two panels of U-shaped vanes which form direction-reversing passageways. Each vane has a slightly diverging skirt or end portion and integral spacer tabs formed in the skirt portions to engage and space each vane from the next vane. The dust-laden incoming air flows in through the inlet opening toward the narrow part of the V-shaped cell. Most of this air passes out as clean air due to the inertia of the dust particles which prevent them from turning in the upstream direction. US-0746 Peuschel, G. K. (Kali-Chemie A.G.), Electrostatic separation process and conditioning compositions therefor. U.S. 3,388,794; filed Apr. 14, 1964; issued June 18, 1968. This process involves the application of a chemical conditioning agent deposited on a suitable carrier material to the granular solid material to be separated. The carriers are inorganic and organic materials of an inherent large specific area such as: diatomaceous earth, kieselguhr, synthetic silicic acids, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, or other silicates. The conditioning agent is deposited on a solid carrier material with a surface area of at least 10 sq m per g, the amount of carrier material in the composition being at least twice the amount of the conditioning agent in it, to effect good distribution of the composition. The preconditioning and separation are carried out at a temperature between 20 to 50 C. The conditioning composition is applied in amounts between 50 g to 5,000 g per ton of mixture, or in amounts between 200 g to 1,000 g per ton of mixture. The process is applicable to water-soluble as well as to water-insoluble minerals to be separated electrostatically. US-0747 Anderson, G. R. (FMC Corporation) , Protecting sorting device optics. U.S. 3,389,792; filed Nov. 25, 1966; issued June 25, 1968. '327 ------- Separation A high-speed rotary optical head scans a multi-channel ring of freely falling articles (e.g., rice, pellets of molding plastic, glass) for color. As each grain falls across the inspection zone jt is illuminated, and a rotatable, optical scanner sequentially receives the light reflected from each grain and transmits the reflected light to a photosensitive unit. The latter translates the nature of the light reflected from the grain into a reject signal for each dark grain. The reject signal operates an air valve at the dark grain, which turns on a reject air nozzle. This emits a jet of air that blo';s the dark grain from its normal, falling path into a diverted path for dropping into a reject trough. US-0748 Miyata, S. Magnetic separator. U.S. 3,389,795; filed Apr. 12, 1965; issued June 25, 1968. . (TVsf N 31 11 — v'-^u^W.v.=£^W"^raCT •md^\ fWff vv-C^CvV'-M . i to , 0 /,\> \i S 2-^N- 5-a A magnetic device is designed for removing ferromagnetic particles from fluent material with which they are in contact. It comprises a surface having zones of strong magnetic flux in the form of a cylinder having a series of longitudinally spaced permanent magnets upon its periphery. These magnets are of like poles, and are magnetized in the direction of the magnets, thicknesses, and are arranged with their faces of greatest surface areas in planes normal to the surface. The arrays of magnets comprise at least two concentric radially spaced annuli, each comprising a number of circumferentially spaced magnets, and a shaft for rotatably mounting on the cylinder. US-0749 Imadate, H. (Toa Electric Company), Particle- counting device including fluid conducting means breaking up particle clusters. U.S. 3,390,326; filed Apr. 11, 1967; issued June 25, 1968. The invention provides a novel and improved method and apparatus for the detection and counting of particles carried by a medium (liquid or gaseous), conductive or insulating. In the case of mediums carrying particles of different types, it is possible, with this invention, to count the particles of different types by detecting the different capacitative effects of the different types of particles. The different types of particles can thus be classified and the concentration of individual particles in a solution can be determined. The device features: a tubular conducting means with an opening extending through it whose diameter is greater than that of the individual particles; and a hollo; fluid cylinder of substantial volume compared with the size of the particles, and of larger diameter than the diameter of the opening. Clusters of particles in the solution are broken up, and the solution is agitated and then conducted through a narrow tubular member where the particles can be counted by the change in capacitance as the particles move through. US-0750 Fritz, L. , and R. Fritz (Steinert Elektromagnetbrau), Magnetic separating apparatus. U.S. 3,394,807; filed Dec. 15, 1965; issued July 30, 1968. A magnetic separating apparatus includes a mechanism for producing a primary magnetic field. A separator includes a magnetizable body permeated by the primary magnetic field. There are also a number of flux generating elements, either windings or 328 ------- permanent magnets, mounted on the magnetizable body for producing a number of secondary magnetic fields superimposed on the primary magnetic field so that in axial direction of J 3o 56 * 1 c~> 7 £ '//, '• L 0 2 f: s~ ~S=J=j a r-^z n _ _____ r: in 17 t -" — ^ :f = the separator device, variations of the magnetic potential and flux intensity are produced. Either the magnetizable body, or a drum surrounding the body, is rotated so that the magnetic components of a substance passing the separator device are attracted by successive surface portions of the device. US-0751 Ruegg, R. (Escher Wyss A.G.), Scatter-type pneumatic sifter. U.S. 3,395,796; filed Aug. 8, 1966; issued Aug. 6, 1968. A scatter-type pneumatic sifter or separator includes a scattering space enclosed by an inner housing and containing a rotary scattering plate ar!d a selector wheel. An outer housing defines a separating chamber which surrounds the scattering space. The uppermost regions of the scattering space and the separating chamber communicate through an annular zone which contains a fan wheel. The lower regions of the separating chamber and the scattering space are formed as hoppers and are interconnected by a controlled air flow passage. A number of circumferentially spaced guide blades is provided and each is rotatabJe about an axis radial to the axis of rotation of the scattering plate. The guide blades lie beneath the selector wheel. Adjustment of the guide blades permits control of the degree of fineness of the separated material. US-O752 Haw, S, G. (Banister Corporation), Magnetic separation method and construction. U.S. 3,395,797; filed Mar. 24, 1966; issued Aug. 6, 1968. Metallic impurities are separated from powdered plastic materials or other similar finely divided substances by forming a fluidized bed of comminuted magnctic-particle- impurity-containing plastic material. This method requires a magnet device having magnetized surfaces extending within the fluidized bed. The fluidized material is flowed past the magnetized surfaces and through magnetic fields permitting magnetic metallic particles to flow freely and deposit on the magnetic surfaces. The magnet device is removed from the fluidized bed from time to time and the particles are removed from the magnet. US-0753 Hurst, T. B., and R. G. Winklepleck (Babcock and Wilcox Company), Gas-cleaning system. U.S. 3,396,514; filed Nov. 7, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968. A wet scrubber of the venturi type is utilized for final dust removal from furnace gases to minimize atmospheric pollution. An pvaporative ------- Separation gas-cooling device or quencher is used to not only reduce gas temperature to saturation, but also to remove at least the larger particles of the dust entrained with the gases. With the larger dust particles removed in the quencher and with final dust removal occurring in the venturi scrubber, the dust and liquid are separated from the gases following the quencher and the scrubber with the slurry treated to separately reclaim water and solids. The water flow circuit includes a series of retention settling tanks and a thickener so as to minimize the amount of water treated in the thickener. The flow of water to the quencher is kept at a substantially constant volume. The supply of water to the scrubber is obtained from a tank which accumulates all of the water from the various water collection points of the system. The water delivered to the scrubber has less than 5,000 ppm of solids so as to minimize pluggage of its spray nozzles. US 0754 Dea, S. J. Method of dewatering sewage sludge. U.S. 3,397,140; filed Dec. 5, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968. Both primary and secondary sludges are removed by a single treatment process. A batch of sludge is maintained in a closed space and gas is permitted to be generated by the sludge or gas is introduced into the space. The gas acts to float solids to the top of the mass, compress the floated solids into a cake, and squeeze residual liquid from the cake. The pressure generated within the tank can be used to drive the compressed solids through a passage provided in the top of the tank after all the batches of sludge have been treated. If the process is carried PRESSURE INDICATOR -27 out at a relatively low ambient temperature, on the order of 40 F, a sludge mass of the order of 95 percent will produce a solids cake having a moisture content of the order of 70 percent if it is allowed to remain in the tank for about 48 hours. The time can be reduced if the process is carried out at an elevated temperature. US 0755 Sontheimer, H., and A. J. Fischer (Fuller Company), Method for thickening sludge. U.S. 3,397,143; filed June 28, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968. Municipal or industrial sludges, including activated and primary sewage sludge, as well as anaerobically digested sludges or a mixture of any of these sludges, may be thickened by this method. The stirring mechanism in a sludge basin is operated so that the stirrer traverses the basin in a series of rev€:rsing forward and backward movements through the basin. This method of stirring prevents, particularly with viscous sludges, the creation of a vortex which results in little or no relative motion between the sludge and the stirring mechanism. The stirrers may be operated at higher rotational 330 ------- speeds which helps to separate the entrapped liquid from the solids. An additional step of allowing a quiescent period for settling after each reversal of the stirrer may be incorporated into the process. US-0756 Kwong, C. C., and R. L. Kwong. ' Material separator. U.S. 3,397,782; filed Jan. 19, 1966; issued Aug. 20, 1968. This apparatus separates materials into stratified zones of particles having different floating velocities. Separation is effected by inversely with the height above a datum taken at an open base end of the structure. The hollow structure has a partition wall coverging downward, including a number of spaced, horizontally disposed openings communicating with discharge chambers adapted for discharge of the separated material. A loading hopper is provided for the introduction of material to the base of the hollow structure. US0757 Miller, F. A. (Key Equipment Company, Inc.), Corn cleaner. U.S. 3,398,423; filed Mar. 14, 1966; issued Aug. 27, 1968. A cleaning mechanism for separating waste matter from harvested corn utilizes a vibrating feed conveyor that delivers corn to an inclined perforated table where it is subjected to a perpendicular blast of-air. Waste matter is then deflected by a hood onto a moving screen belt. The corn drops from the table into a hopper for further processing. a stream of air flowing upwards through a generally vertical hollow structure having a cross section, the area of which varies US0758 Boll, R. H. (Babcock and Wilcox Company), Electrostatic precipitator. U.S. 3,400,513; filed Sept. 8, 1966; issued Sept. 10, 1968. This electrostatic precipitator has an open- ended housing of dielectric material with hoods positioned on opposite ends of the housing to direct a flow of dust-laden gas into and clean gas from the precipitator. The dust in the gas is electrostatically charged upon entering the housing and the dust is collected after leaving the housing. The electrostatic charge on the dust is increased by electrogasdynamics in passing through the housing for enhanced dust collection. A corona discharge is utilized for charging the particles in much the same fashion as accomplished in conventional two-stage precipitators. This charging process, which occurs in an 'ionizer' section, requires a 331 ------- Separation power supply of modest voltage (e.g. 5,000 to 10,000 volts) . purification of hot gases. A smaller unit is suitable for living, quarters, offices, and restaurants. It consists of a spiral-shaped housing having an outer intake duct and an axial discharge duct. A hollow cylindrical separation electrode system, pervious to gas, and a cylindrical ionization electrode system are mounted coaxially in the housing. The ionization electrode system is formed as a rotatable finned block having slender electrodes on its exterior in corvolutions spaced from 33- nf^jK3 ^^^frT~ir—1 " -A^JfesSjii q.—r~v^2^ ^/EHts^Lj3= tiii._, .(. ..-h - —\".\~J]~'L^^.' ')'.',/ « 25 A 28 27 I 2k 2 ;S US-0759 Messen-Jaschin, G. (G.A. Messen-Jaschin), Electrostatic dust separator. U.S. 3,421,291; filed Jan. 10, 1966; issued Jan. 14, 1969. An electrostatic dust separator is suitable for separation of metallic dust and for each other axially of the systems. Brushes, mounted adjacent to the juncture of the smaller diameter part of the housing and the intake duct, engage the ionization electrodes for cleaning the latter. US-0760 Trussell, B. Processing waste recovery system. U.S. 3,440,949; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued Apr. 29, 1969. The apparatus removes organic matter from an aqueous solution of wastes in poultry processing plants. The device consists of two coacting conveyors maintaining a continually moving fibrous bed between them. Means are provided for circulating the solution through 332 ------- the moving bed which entraps any organic matter in the solution. The organic matter may be further processed to produce animal feed., r~ni -50 US-0761 Barton, H. P. (R. P. Barton and Company), Trash separator. U.S. 3,463,312; filed Dec. 4, 1967; issued Aug. 26, 1969. •2- 333 ------- Separation A trash separator, for separating twigs from mechanically harvested nuts, consists of an endless conveyor onto the receiving end of which the nuts,' after hulling and initial cleaning but having twigs remaining intermingled, are fed. A frame-supported device cooperates with the conveyor to orient the twigs so that they extend generally lengthwise on the conveyor before reaching the discharge end. Another device forms a full width but longitudinally narrow gap at the discharge end of the conveyor. The nuts gravitate downwardly through the gap while the oriented or lengthwise extending twigs are caused to span the gap and fall in a zone clear of the gravitating nuts. US-0762 Zollinger, H. A. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation), Compost separator apparatus. U.S. 3,468,417; filed June 29, 1967; issued Sept. 23, 1969. -•34 26 A compost separator is provided to ballistically separate the output product compost of a refuse reclamation system to yield a desired compost product suitable for bagged sales and the garden nursery market as a consistent product, with the removal of undesired pieces of plastic, wood, metal, and significant sized pieces of glass. The compost is supplied to drop by gravity down an inclined chute with a paddle wheel type of rotating ballistic separator apparatus being provided to rotate within this chute and about an axis located a predetermined distance from the bottom of the chute such that desired low mass and low density compost particles travel through and past the separator to the end of the chute where output loading or bagging equipment is located. On the other hand, undesired high mass and high density particles are rejected into a second chute and are separated from the compost material leaving the end of the first chute. The rotational speed, the diameter of the involved cylindrical drum, the size of the attached flinger members, and the location of the ballistic separator in relation to the depth of the compost material passing down the inclined chute are selected to improve the objective operation of the compost particle ballistic separator. US-0763 Odom, J. J., T. P. Shumaker, and P. R. Bloomquist (Reichhold Chemicals, Inc.), Process for removal of organic and inorganic matter from waste water systems. U.S. 3,484,837; filed Sept. 9, 1968; issued Dec. 16, 1969. —\| I\| \| FILTRATION RATE OF SLUDGE TREATED WITH UREA-MODIFIED POLYAMINE B% POLYMER 5% POLYMER UNTREATED 60 90 120 TIIME IN SECONDS ISO This process removes organic and inorganic contaminants from water systems. Waste water is treated with a water-soluble, cationic, amine-containing synthetic resin which is selected from the group consisting of 334 ------- (a) polyamine modified urea-formaldehyde resins, and (b) melamine-formaldehyde resins. The treatment effects removal of inorganic salts, partially or wholly non-biodegradable detergents, and organic materials. The insoluble flocculates formed can be removed from the water by conventional filtering means such as settling, decantation, and the like. Centrifugal US-0764 Broyard, Y. Appliances for the removal of dust or purification by wet process or -13 washing of a gaseous stream. U.S. 3,343,346; filed Oct. 3, 1963; issued Sept. 26, 1967. In this appliance, the gaseous stream under treatment is formed in a vortex which flows about the axis of the stream and is charged with liquid particles, and penetrates in this form through a circular orifice inside the 'vortex unwinding chamber". The gaseous stream passes out tangentially from the chamber and flows into the interior of a tank forming a body of revolution. The liquid particles are centrifugalized against the wall of the tank, and are consequently freed from the gaseous stream which passes out through an orifice in the tank. The separated particles are withdrawn from the bottom of the device. US0765 Jones, L. D., and W. H. Bath (The Sharpies Corporation), Centrifugal separator. U.S. 2,370,315; filed Feb. 4, 1943; issued Feb. 27, 1945. (3 ~rt" it TT——Ih r r-^=r-FF=T This centrifugal machine is designed to separate liquids from solids by straining means using centrifugal force. It seeks to improve upon a screen to provide added strength and flexibility. The danger of breakage is thus minimized and the screen joint is less apt 335 ------- Separation to project in from the screen circumference, thus minimizing damage to this joint. To attain these advantages, the ends of the circumferentially-exte.nding screen are secured to a flat metal plate. US-0766 Bath, W. H. (The Sharpies Corporation), Centrifugal separator. U.S. 2,380,014; filed July 6, 1943; issued July 10, 1945. A centrifugal separator is concerned with deflector and accelerator arrangements for controlling the flow of liquid throughout. Both 'separator' and 'clarifier' types of centrifugal separators are applicable. A mixture of liquids is fed to a rotor within the separator casing; the liquids then strike a deflector cone secured to the lower end of an accelerator member attached to the rotor. This invention presents a solution to the problem of affixing the deflector to the accelerator securely so they do not become dislodged during operation. Both members can be removed for cleaning purposes. U.S. 2,399,509; filed Sept. 9, 1941; issued Apr. 30, 1946. This centrifugal gas-cleaning apparatus is adapted to separate suspended solids or liquids (dust or irist) from a stream of gas in a series of cleaning stages. A compact apparatus is envisioned, using a number of parallel tubular separating units of decreasing diameter to effect fine separation. The high-pressure apparatus is of the cyclone type and subjects the separating stages to low pressure differentials between the outside and inside, thus eliminating the danger of gas leakage or rupture of the units. The apparatus may be mounted in the upper portion of a chamber in whicl- gas is brought into contact with a body of divided material, such as a solid catalyst, to remove solid particles from gases leaving tte chambers. US-0767 Rich, P. C., (Western Precipitation Corporation), Multistage centrifugal separating apparatus. US-0768 Schutte, A. H. Centrifugal separator with means for controlling discharge therefrom. U.S. 2,431,142; filed Aug. 18, 1943; issued Nov. 18, 1947. 336 ------- This centrifugal separator is used in separating the liquid and solid constituents of an oil-wax emulsion. The oil-wax mixture is emuJsified in liquid condition with a non-solvent, non-reactive liquid such as water and an inert, non-solvent gas such as air. centrifugally. The resulting impact of the particles hitting the chamber walls causes them to slow down and fall by gravity into This produces a dispersed phase of the oil-wax mixture in the non-solvent, non-reactive liquid. The resulting emulsion is chilled or cooled down below the melting point of the wax to solidify the desired wax fraction. The partially solidified emulsion is subjected to centrifugal force to separate the solidified wax from the remaining liquid constituent. The separation is accomplished in a time cycle synchronized with the continuous feed of emulsion into the centrifuge to create an automatic discharge of the separated components throughout the operation. This apparatus can be used in the separation of any emulsion of any mixture of materials having the characteristics of light solid and heavy liquid. US-0769 Weniger, J. K. (Beaumont Birch Company), Ash and dust separator. U.S. 2,432,757; filed June 13, 1945; issued Dec. 16, 1947. Simple and efficient collection is provided for dust and ashes produced in the combustion process of solid, powdered fuel. Another important objective is the provision of an inexpensive, reliable ash and dust separator operating under suction. This separator is normally closed against atmospheric pressure and is opened when loaded and when suction ceases. The operating cycle to remove material from the apparatus is short in duration. Air, laden with ash and dust, is sucked into the separator and whirled about hoppers below. The gate on the separator opens when the load becomes too heavy, and the suction is released. US-0770 Hills, L. W. (Hills Brothers Coffee, Inc.), Centrifugal dust separator. U.S. 2,441,631; filed Feb. 14, 1945; issued May 18, 1948. This apparatus effects the removal of dust from dust-laden air or other gases using centrifugal forces to attain desired separation. An objective of the invention is to provide equipment to impose strong separating forces on dust particles without causing high energy losses. It can impose strong separating forces for a long time thus showing optimum efficiency. Relatively high air velocities are utilized (movement of 15,000 ft per minute or more) together with means to recover a substantial amount of energy from the air flow after dust removal. The net energy input is not 337 ------- Separation excessive compared to the input required to conventionally handle air. The apparatus acts as both an efficient dust separator and as an air moving fan. the bottom of the separator by a variable speed extractor. US0771 Hughes, B. S. (Zaremba Company), Centrifugal separator. U.S. 2,452,465; filed Mar. 21, 1946; issued Oct. 26, 1948. A separator is used in connection with condensers and evaporators. It is designed so as to avoid re-entrainment of liquor thrown out by centrifugal force. A simple and effective drain structure prevents vapor from passing up into the separator, but permits liquid to drain out. The drain opening of the separator is provided with a protective box or shield to prevent the high-velocity vapor flow from interfering with the entrance of liquor to the drain. US-0772 Vickery, F. W. Vortex separator for paper pulp. U.S. 2,521,103; filed Nov. 8, 1949; issued Sept. 5, 1950. This paper pulp separator has a cylindrical vortex vessel with a tangential pulp inlet at the top and a central pulp outlet pipe extending down well below the inlet. Undesirable matter, such as dirt and fibre, is separated centrifugally from the good pulp and sinks to the bottom of the vortex vessel, the good pulp being removed through the outlet pipe. Automatic and continuous removal of impurities is effected through a large hole in US-0773 Svensjo, N. E. (Aktiebolaget Separator), Process for the centrifugal separation of sludge-containing liquids. U.S. 2,532,792; filed Apr. 13, 1946; issued Dec. 5, 1950. Solid particles may be removed from a liquid by means of this centrifugal separator which has a bowl at its periphery with outlet openings through which particles leave suspended in liquid. To avoid excessive discharge of carrier liquid with the sludge, 338 ------- some of the concentrate is returned to the bowl, but not so much as to effect clogging of the openings. Viscosity of the sludge concentrate is determined by a viscosimeter; if the concentrate becomes too viscous, liquid is added through the activation of a quantityregulating device. A centrifuge separates the mixture into a purified liquid and a sludge-containing concentrate, with separate discharge means for both. US-0774 Svensjo, N. E. (Aktiebolaget Separator), Centrifugal bowl for separating sludge from liquid. U.S. 2,590,735'; filed Oct. 18, 1949; issued Mar. 25, 1952. 6765 /, A centrifugal bowl is provided for the separation of liquid-containing sludge, in which wear along the inner bowl wall caused by sliding, separated sludge is virtually eliminated. In the bowl wall are sludge outlets; a]so a series of adjacent pockets or grooves are arranged to receive and trap sludge during the separating operation, thus preventing wear on the bowl surface. .US-0775 Edwards, G. W. (Societe Annonyme Francaise pour la Separation, 1'Emulsion et le Melange), Centrifuge for separating a liquid from solid material. U.S. 2,593,278; filed Apr. 1, 1946; issued Apr. 15, 1952. This device incorporates the simultaneous application of centrifugal decantation and filtration to separate liquids from solids. 339 ------- Separation Operations included are: preliminary settling; filtering of the roughly prepared liquid; an automatic removal of silt from the filtering membrane; and automatic removal of the solid material separated through settling and, an sludge. Separate outlets are provided for the coarse solids and liquid (with fine solids). adjustment of the filtering pressure, also called exhaust pressure. A filtering membrane is located inside a decantation vessel in such a way that the liquid goes through the membrane, whereby the solid material is rejected outwardly by centrifugal force. A solids extraction device is also featured in the form of a worm or scraper. The decantation vessel is preferably of a double cone shape to allow the solids to accumulate under centrifugal force towards the line connecting the two cones where"the extraction device begins operation. US-0777 Van Kiel, R. (Machinefabriek Reineveld N. V.), Centrifugal machine. U.S. 2,676,707; filed July 9, 1952; issued Apr. 27, 1954. US-0776 Strezynski, G. J. (The De Laval Separator Company), Method and system for separating solids from liquids. U.S. 2,596,616; filed Apr. 19, 1951; issued May 13, 1952. This system uses centrifugal means to separate solids from liquids at a high rate, to provide an effluent fairly free of solids. A solids-liquids mixture is subjected to a coarse centrifugal separating operation, causing solids to rotate on the outside, liquids in the center. Coarse solids are then moved inward through the liquid, this movement effected against centrifugal force by helical scraper or other conveyor means. The resulting liquid has a small percentage of fine solids which are concentrated to form a Continuously operating centrifugal machines of this type arc used for dewatering granular materials, such as those resulting from industrial operations. The machine has a conical perforated screening drum with a 340 ------- distributing drum which rotates inside. This distributing drum has a series of main blades arranged around the drum; at the large diameter end, an additional longer blade is arranged between each pair of main blades. Masses of material on the narrow part of the screen drum rapidly lose water; the large end doesn't lose much more water, but the frictional resistance of the granular material is increased so materials are crushed on this part of the drum. endeavors to load the push-type separator in a continuous manner to effect maximum use and economy. Commutator Motor US-0778 Ruegg, E. (Escher Wyss A.G.), Centrifugal machine for continuous operation. U.S. 2,685,370; filed Aug. 20, 1951; issued Aug. 3, 1954. A centrifugal machine is composed of a separator cage, a feed pipe to deliver material to the cage, and a pusher member. 'Push-type centrifuges' utilize a gas-and- liquid tight-feed pipe and effect the feed under pressure to keep the food pipe and filling tunnel always partially filled with material to be separated. The invention US-0779 Cram, H. G. (Combined Locks Paper Company), Centrifugal separator. U.S. 2,767,841; filed May 3, 1952; issued Oct. 23, 1956. This device is used in recovering usable material from waste liquid in industry, especially designed for use in connection with paper manufacturing. Primary objectives of the invention include: the separation and elimination of foreign material from paper pulp while in dilute liquid suspension; 3K f if \?r/^M, K^^^^^M^^^^ M ^ 30-o->-T->!-.-/->t—'-"5:.--ti;iS- -^^f-'-^- :-• •-'U-; <-"fi-'h, i r ' -.yjaatMuff ,,\^^'i''»^"^!™a^:£»Sr^H-:"/--"S£""'-'-f;^~— I?SL'S?£SK: -' '-^^A . ' " ' V ' -> L 7 j ^—J*J ~ ~ \t_ • '/^" "'' '-" \|j •tr-?-^ ^<;rH-1i; 3k- 341 ------- Separation the separation of 'fines' in the dilute liquid suspension, with recovery of acceptable material, and re-use of the clear water for pulp dilution; and the separation of around the central axis of the container. The feed particles follow this path automatically after being thrown into the paths of the objectionable materials in dilute liquid suspension by frictional adhesion. This material has a tendency to adhere under pressure to a metal surface, so the separator presents a. maximum of metal surface to the stock as it passes through the machine. US 0780 Ehlermann, H. Method and means for treating and sorting comminuted substances. U.S. 2,986,277; filed Aug. 13, 1956; issued May 30, 1961. A process is provided for subjecting finely comminuted particles to physical or chemical treatment and separating them at the same time through a whirling motion. A container contains a mass of the treating substance. Due to pressure through nozzles, it rises spirally along the side walls of the container and moves downward in the middle. This gas is eventually removed through a suction sleeve and an exhaust pipe. The apparatus is charged with the material to be treated through a funnel. The comminuted substance forms a circular vertical whirl which rotates streams of treatment substance. Most of the comminuted material can be removed through spaces, formed between the side walls and a flange, which lead to removal channels. The lightest particles, however, follow the current, and escape through the exhaust pipe as exhaust gases. The largest particles are not carried along with the whirling current, and are separated in the middle of the container. US-0781 Jackering, G. Process; and apparatus for the separation of suspensions. U.S. 3,388,733; filed June 17, 1963; Issued June 18, 1968. Particle suspensions £ire introduced into a high-speed vortex separator where vorteces are formed in the atmosphere within the separator, and the vorteces then subjected to continued 342 ------- impulse changes in direction and magnitude. After particle separation, applying heated air to each vortex causes the particles to undergo sudden and abrupt flash heating which dries the particles by evaporation of adhering liquids. The apparatus comprises a closed container which surrounds a bladed rotor particles pass through an orifice in the base. A rotatable paddle generates the vortex. generating the vorteces. Inlets and outlets are provided for the suspending liquid and gases and for withdrawing solid particles. Filtration US-0782 Millhiser, R. G., and W. W. Wooll (Ajem Laboratories, Inc.), Vortical separator. U.S. 3,396,844; filed May 20, 1964; issued Aug. 13, 1968. This apparatus separates particulate matter by means of a swirling liquid vortex in which relatively smaller or less dense separated particulate matter can be removed from adjacent the top outer peripheral regions of the vortex, and relatively larger or more dense particulate matter can be removed from adjacent the bottom central core area of the vortex. The separator consists of a vessel having a generally cylindrical vertical side wall substantially straight along its entire length and a flat base for containing the liquid vortex. The side wall has along its upper edge a vertically aligned weir over which liquid containing the smaller or less dense particulate matter can flow. The relatively larger or more dense US-0783 Becker, B. M., and J. McAfee (Universal Oil Products Company), Separation of suspended solids from fluids. U.S. 3,448,135; filed Oct. 25, 1943; issued Aug. 31, 1948. Finely divided solids are separated from a stream of fluid in which the solid particles are suspended. The vaporous and/or gaseous stream in which the finely subdivided solid material Is suspended is passed in contact with a moving bed of larger solid particles. They serve as a filter for removing the suspended finer particles from the stream. The resulting mixture of fine and larger solid particles is supplied from the filtering zone to a stripping zone in which a bed of the solid particles is maintained in agitated 343 ------- Separation condition by passing a stripping fluid up through it. The fine particles are removed -y from tlie coarser particles by suspending the former in the stripping fluid. US-0784 Daman, A. C. (Mining Process and Patent Company), Pulp-screening apparatus. U.S. 2,684,154; filed July 18, 1950; issued July 20, 1954. This pulp-screening apparatus separates a pulp consisting of various sizes of solid particles suspended in a liquid. The inexpensive tank-type apparatus incorporates means to prevent clogging or blinding of the screen, which could prevent segregation of the pulp, and separates the pulp into at least two components by hydraulic classifying and screening apparatus. Proper circulation means are provided, as well as means to discharge unfilterable solids from the device, means to condition the pulp by introducing one or more fluids, and means to regulate the rate of pulp flow. US 0785 Billiard, A. E. Fluid flotation separator and method for separating pulverized materials. U.S. 2,689,646; filed Aug. 9, 1951; issued Sept. 21, 1954. This fluid flotation separation apparatus is used in separating or classifying pulverized materials. The pulverized material is conveyed over an inclined porous surface at an appreciable speed. A stream of gas under pressure is passed through the surface and the pulverized material. This helps break down nodules and elevates the fine particles above the level of the surface. The flotation gas and fine particles of material entrained within it are conducted to a collector by means of several deflectors. The collector reduces the velocity of the flotation gas and permits the fine 344 ------- particles of material to settle from the flotation gas. edges of the screen arc secured to the flexible band to prevent air from passing between them from one of the chambers to the other. There is a screen inlet at one end of the housing for materials to be classified, and this overlies one end of the screen. There is also a tailings outlet below the opposite end of the screen. There is a mechanism for imparting reciprocatory movements to the screen to agitate material delivered on it, and feed the material toward the tailings outlet. This screen defines apertures of sufficient size to permit free movement of air through it, but too small to permit passage of particles of the material through it. There is an air filter, along with a blower and a cooperating conduit communicating with the lower chamber. This filter delivers filtered air to the lower chamber and upward through the screen with sufficient volume and pressure to cause separation of particles on the screen. This also causes entrainment and removal of the finer particles upward through the upper chamber. A disposal conduit guides air and the entrained particles away from the upper chamber. US-0786 Rich, C. E. (The Day Company of Canada), Particle classifier for refuse screenings and the like. U.S. 2,815,858; filed Apr. 16, 1956; issued Dec. 10, 1957. In a particle classifier for refuse screenings, there is a housing structure comprising a lower housing section and a hood overlying the lower section. There is an airtight flexible band encompassing the adjacent marginal edges of the lower section and hood and providing an airtight joint between the two. A flat, woven mesh screen of smooth resilient threads of plastic material is disposed within the housing structure, and this screen cooperates with the lower housing section to define a lower chamber, and with the hood to define an upper chamber. The marginal US-0787 Hukki, R. T. (Insinooritoimisto-Engineering Bureau R. T. Hukki), Apparatus for wet sizing of solid material. U.S. 3,064,806; filed June 3, 1959; issued Nov. 20, 1962. Wet sizing of solids containing finely divided particles is accomplished by this device. It makes use of the carrying capacity of a fluid medium flowing at a desired rate and the simultaneous size- controlling capacity of a sizing screen surface of desired type and fineness. The fine particles are carried through a screen by the medium flowing in a direction somewhat upward from horizontal. The oversized fraction is retained at all times during the process below or outside the screen. In this way a fine product is obtained with 345 ------- Separation a fairly large volume of the medium while the coarser size particles are discharged from the apparatus with a relatively small volume of the medium. US-0788 Montgomery, J. H. Portable aggregate screening and transporting apparatus. U.S. 3,162,600; filed June 4, 1962; issued Dec. 22, 1964. A portable aggregate screening and transporting apparatus is used with a tractor-drawn vehicular conveyor designed for use in road-surfacing operations. Loose rock is automatically loaded onto the conveyor, screened as to size, with the small gravel returned to the ground and the large rock retained for later discharge. This apparatus not only finds use in road or landing-field surfacing 61 ,172 operations, but in the collection and removal of rubble in land reclamation projects. The vehicle comprises a chassis on which an endless chain conveyor is mounted, with each section coexistent with an inclined screening ramp. The lower front end of the screening ramp passes over the ground surface operating as a scoop to pick up loose aggregate, while simultaneously the conveyor impels material up the ramp. Larger particles are carried to the upper rear end where they will fall by gravity into a dump receptacle. A full dump receptacle may be transported to a place where contents may be tilted and discharged. This apparatus may be manufactured at a low cost, is simple in construction, and possesses few moving parts. It is durable and may be easily assembled and dismantled for inspection or repair purposes. 100 ... Ht 112 n 346 ------- US 0789 Nelson, G. L., and I. J. Clarke-Pounder (Bird Machine Company), Pulp screen with discharge receptacle. U.S. 3,255,883; filed Feb. 18, 1963; issued June 14, 1966. This screening device removes large fibrous bundles and other large impurities and debris from fibrous pulp and other slurries '4. J.' disinfected, and baled. This apparatus is particularly useful at racetracks. before they are subjected to fine treatment. The hot black liquor from a chemical pulp mill is introduced under pressure to a pressure casing. An inlet chamber, housing a screen plate, is filled. The knots in the liquor are drawn to a perforate screen plate. A foil member generates a pressure pulse which forces the knots to move redially outward. The knots, being heavier than the liquid, sink slowly and since the screen plate protects the knots from contact with the foil member, the knots are not broken up. The knots move into a sump chamber and are exposed to a flow of fiber-free liquor to carry good fiber away. The sump chamber is discharged while maintaining the inlet chamber sealed against the loss of good fibers. US-0790 Kramer, F. S. Method and apparatus for the separation of straw and manure. U.S. 3,353,947; filed Apr. 29, 1964; issued Nov. 21, 1967. This separator of straw and manure cleans the straw to make it suitable for future use. The mixture is shredded and deposited upon a conveyor screen where it is subjected to a hot air and steam blast. The waste is separated from the straw, forced through the screen and dried. The straw is carried on to where it is dried, At US-0791 Christiansen, L. M. Dust-collecting system. U.S. 3,373,545; filed Apr. 11, 1966; issued Mar. 19, 1968. This dust-collecting system can be used in an industrial plant and comprises two individual separators. The upper portion of each separator communicates with individual valves to the discharge end of 347 ------- Separation a pickup blower. The exterior of the tubes are exposed to the interior of the building where dust pickup takes place. The bottom portion of each separator is in the form of a chute and each has an individual valve. Top and bottom portions of the separators are connected by a fabric tube. An enclosure about the bottom of all of the chutes houses a dust conveyor. In this housing is a secondary dust separator. The air carrying the dust is introduced through the open valves into the top intake portion. The dust is trapped in the tubes while the air passes through the fabric and is returned to the building. One at a time, the separators are taken off stream by closing the intake valve. A discharge valve is opened between the discharge portion and the housing, and air is withdrawn from the housing through the secondary separator, which is a drum-type separator. Both by gravity and by this air flow, the dirt and dust from the interior of the separator that is off stream is carried into the housing where it is transferred to an outlet by the conveyor. The air flow passes through the secondary separator and then is returned to the initial dust pickup conduit so that it flows back through the separators which remain on stream. tank having a porous floor spaced a short distance from the bottom of the tank. A mechanism provided to rotate a suitably journaled shaft is connected to a table US0792 Muller, L. D., C. P. Sayles, and R. H. Mozley (National Research Development Corporation), Apparatus for the separation of granular materials. U.S. 3,391,784; filed Feb. 1, 1965; issued July 9, 1968. Apparatus designed for the separation of granular materials comprises an elongated 27 23 to give it the necessary reciprocating movement. The driving arrangements include a rectangular fixed frame in which is located a cross-piece connected to a bar and arranged to be subjected in any position to the action of a compression spring. The shaft carries an eccentric located in a circular hole in the driving member, and the rotation of the eccentric causes the driving member to perform vertical reciprocation. The apparatus provides a means for varying the phase relationship between the table reciprocating cycle and the fluid pulsing cycle. The tank is provided with end walls which are maintained stationary by a member which carries baffles to assist in preventing the reciprocating movement of the fluid in the tank. US-0793 Delcellier, H. A. (Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Company, Ltd.), Apparatus and method for decontaminating pulp and paper machine effluent. U.S. 3,392,114; filed May 26, 1965; issued July 9, 1968. ,1 , i, * • I rcn vx. 35' 348 ------- This apparatus removes contaminating solids from effluent discharged by paper-producing machines. The effluent flows to a centrifugal drainer where the larger solids are separated from the remainder of the effluent. Then, the effluent passes to a cyclonic separator which screens solids from the effluent. Finally, the treated effluent is deposited in a settling tank where the final separation of the effluent into solids and a clarified liquid occurs. This process filters dirt, fiber, chemicals, and bark from the effluent discharged by pulp and paper mills. US-0794 Barnes, R. G. (General Electric Company), Gas scrubber. U.S. 3,395,510; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued Aug. 6, 1968. This gas scrubber comprises a closed vessel having an inlet opening to admit a COOL AH T particle-contaminated gas, an outlet to deliver scrubbed gas, and a number of serially arranged scrubbing stages. Each stage consists of injection means disposed between the inlet and outlet for injecting steam into the gas. A cooling device is disposed between the injection device and the outlet for cooling the mixed gas and steam so that the steam condenses in water droplets around the particles, which serve as condensation nuclei. The effective size of the minute particles is increased to the point where efficient capture by conventional filters becomes possible. The filter is disposed between the cooling device and the outlet and filters the gas to remove the droplets and the particles entrained in the droplets. US-0795 Stober, K. E. (The Dow Chemical Company), Removal of waste solids from aqueous systems. U.S. 3,436,326; filed Dec. 28, 1964; issued Apr. 1, 1969. This method for removing latex waste solids from aqueous systems is inexpensive to carry out and employs no bulky and/or costly equipment. An electrically charged, continuous belt-like metallic screen is run through an aqueous waste with the screen electrophoretically picking up the latex solids. The solids are removed before the screen re-enters the waste. In the event that the aqueous system itself does not contain sufficient electrolytic salts to give the minimum current necessary to promote the coagulation of the latex, electrolytic salts are added in an amount to provide a total electrolyte of from about 0.005 to about 0.05 weight percent of the system. Materials which can be used as electrodes include aluminum, stainless steel, tin, copper, nickel, and brass. US-0796 Huval, M. (Chevron Research Company), Method of removing oil from water containing suspended solids. U.S. 3,471,401; filed Sept. 29, 1967; issued Oct. 7, 1969. Oil droplets are removed from a waste water stream containing suspended solid particles 349 ------- Sludge so that the waste water may be disposed of without causing oil pollution. The steps involved include sampling a waste water stream to obtain a representative sample of the waste water including the solid particles suspended in it. The amount and the size distribution of the solid particles is determined, and the volume of oil that can be carried on each size of the solid particles is established. An allowable oil concentration of the water for disposal is selected such that oil pollution will not result. Particles larger than the maximum size of particles allowed are removed from the waste water stream. The waste water stream, including particles smaller than the maximum size of particles, is then passed through a coalescing element to coalesce the oil droplets to provide for separation of oil and the water, and the resulting water is disposed of. SLUDGE US0797 Schlenz, H. E. (Pacific Flush Tank Company), Method and apparatus for digesting garbage and sewage sludge. U.S. 2,572,767; filed Nov. 18, 1948; issued Oct. 23, 1951. Sewage sludge and garbage are digested simultaneously. Sewage sludge is fed to a digestion zone sealed against the admission of air for anaerobic digestion. Garbage is fed to a digestion zone separated and distinct from the slucge digestion zone and sealed against the admission of air also. Digester liquor from the sewage sludge digestion zone is withdrawn, and this withdrawn liquor is continually supplied to the garbage digestion zone at a rate sufficient to maintain anaerobic digestion of the garbage in that zone. The withdrawn liquor of digestion is. heated to a temperature whereby when such heated liquor is mixed with the contents of the garbage digestion zone, the temperature of the contents is approximately the optimum for digestion. The overflow digester liquor from the garbage digestion zone is returned to the sewage sludge digestion zone for remixture with and conditioning similarly to the digester liquor in the sewage sludge digestion zone. The overflow liquor and digested sludge from the sewage sludge digestion zone are discharged, as are the non-digestible residues from the garbage digestion zone. JO? Krc/ncui/irro i.iatjort AND f/ntvsi. Ywiac. CLUKGC SLUOCF t iQUotr ciKcin tnt.n 10 Did i> rift Gfl/tfJ/IGF oiai.',rr/t 350 ------- US-0798 Riedholz, M. D. (Cellulosefabrik Attisholz A.G.)> Method and apparatus for sewage disposal according to the activated sludge process. U.S. 3,390,076; filed Aug. 26, 1964; issued June 25, 1968. ^-f77".'"^ F7;7^:'p'rr i^J-S->7 - :^J> 16 A method for treating sewage according to the activated sludge process is provided. Sewage is placed in a vertically oriented volume having a liquid level in it dividing the volume into a liquid space and a gas collection space. Sewage is removed from the lower end of the liquid space in the volume, is mixed with air, and this mixture is then fed into the liquid space of the volume at the liquid level and given a strong whirling motion about the vertical axis of the volume. The foam and undissolved gases in the gas collection space are removed and delivered to a separate volume where the foam is liquefied and recirculated. The rate at which the sewage is treated is equal to the rate at which the sewage is supplied. Solid materials having a specific weight of more than 2 g per cu cm are conducted to the outer edge of the whirling liquid volume and downward to the lower end of the liquid space. The solid material with a lower specific gravity is maintained in constant rotation at the liquid level. A sump is centrally located in the bnse of the closed container for colJecting solid material and means are provided for removing solid material from this sump. Incineration US-0799 Wallerstedt, G. A., and M. Lintz. Decomposing emulsified waste sludges. U.S. 2,501,977; filed Feb. 11, 1946; issued Mar. 28, 1950. Mud-oil sludge disposal usually presents a problem; if the solid content is increased, the oil ignites much sooner allowing it to burn and the water to evaporate, leaving behind a solid residue. In a rotary kiln used as an incineration device, the solid particles, such as clay, pellets, and coke fragments are added to the sludge stream and are mixed through. The kiln operates at between 1,200 F and 1,500 F so that the residue left at the end is dry and free of excess water or oil. The residue may be re-used to treat additional oil-mud sludges or used as fill. US-0800 Collison, E. 0., and C. B. Gathercole. Waste disposal device for aircraft. U.S. 2,565,720; filed Oct. 10, 1949; issued Aug. 28, 1951. The problem of sewage, waste, or refuse disposal in aircraft has been solved by this calcining or incinerating device. Exhaust and pressure sources on aircraft are utilized to provide heat required to oxidize the wastes; the flow of exhaust gases is used to create a pressure differential for aspirating waste material to an incineration chamber, then out into the atmosphere. Means are provided for causing calcined material to break up into finer particles for a secondary oxidizing action before discharge. A stream of hot gases is conducted from the engine of the aircraft past an incineration 351 ------- Sludge or calcination zone, transmitting heat to this zone, reducing the pressure of the gas incineration products into the stream of exhaust gases. stream adjacent the zone to aspirate sewage into this zone, then discharging the US-0801 Kobernick, S. T. Sewage distillation process. U.S. 2,579,932; filed Feb. 11, 1948; issued Dec. 25, 1951. This sewage disposal process includes separating the mass of raw sewage into its solid and liquid components and then burning all the solids as fuel in a boiler to produce steam. The heat produced by the boiler is applied to preheat all the liquid at the same time steam is being produced. The steam is lead through a turbine. Hot condensate is taken from the turbine, and both the condensate and the pre-heated liquid are led to an evaporator, for joint vaporization. Residues resulting from this evaporation are burned with the solids. The hot condensate resulting from the evaporation is fed into the boiler for steam production. _qp-;(, Clfa* -ti,uer -"^vTT? =^=- -A /Z 1 i • i i i i ^ir" ffTr,>urr VNH* i i 1^1 l /«? l 1 /A jrw. POKA ro 17 j. p 1 — > 1- 1 i Hcl U •v'" To \ J JiMafonrfV XJ , , " \ J-/7 1 1 ^ — , r Pentrf^ftc U,fC-f — I ~A3 e-^a2cI Dofforxt, L . _n condefr^salc to boiler feeot. \ US-0802 Ferriss, F., and J. R. Gainfort (F. Ferriss, J. R. Gainfort, F. L. Pinola, W. Brosch, G. Gasparini, and R. Francioni), Garbage, trash, and sludge disposal. U.S. 2,882,841; filed July 3, 1956; issued Apr. 21, 1959. An improved method of introducing sludge into the path of incineration gases is provided; recirculatioa of the sludge is also allowed for more complete burning. A fire-resistant pedestal within the furnace carries a heat-resistant steel trough across 352 ------- the furnace. A belt-like moving vertical screen passes over a roller which drains it, the bottom portion dipping into the trough. Sludge enters the trough by gravity flow of the discharged gas from the incinerator near the heat source. 3/ or pumping. The water trough is cooled continuously by water. The perforate belt picks up a layer of solids from the sludge which are carried into the drying and combustion zone of the hearth. US-0803 Blankenship, E. B., and H. A. Bowers (Research Products Manufacturing Company) , Incinerator toilet. U.S. 3,020,559; filed Jan. 5, 1959; issued Feb. 13, 1962. In a waterless toilet, a electrically actuated incinerator is positioned at the base of a vertical hollow body. The incinerator is insulated and spaced from the inner wall of the casement. A thermo switch controls the heating means and the suction fan which connects with a vent to the interior of the incinerator and provides a means for expelling smoke. At a certain preset temperature level, the thermo switch de-energizes the heating means and the fan. A coiled radiant heater inside the insulation is the means of heating. A heat-activated deodorizing catalyst is located in the path US-0804 Campbell, D. L. (Esso Research and Engineering Company), Burner for waste materials and method of burning waste materials. U.S. 3,306,236; filed Sept. 11, 1964; issued Feb. 28, 1967. An improved burner incinerates wastes which contain liquids and solids, especially sewage (which contains a large quantity of noncombustibles). The burner operates on the fluidized solids principle. Fine 353 ------- Sludge refractory material particles are used as heat carriers; a multiple bed arrangement is used with one dense fluid solid bed preferably arranged above another. Elastic fluids, such as gases or vapors, are used to keep the dense beds fluidized. This type of burner is especially useful for burning material with a large proportion of water; indeed, any type of waste material can be charged. Ash will be the remaining solid component and is deposited on or mixed with the refractory particles constituting the original bed. US-0805 Ransom, G. E. Rotary incinerator and method of operating same. U.S. 3,306,237; filed Jan. 1964; issued Feb. 28, 1967. Liquid and semi-liquid wastes, such as poultry manure, sludge, and raw sewage, can be incinerated in this apparatus, without odor and pollution. The inclined rotary furnace has communicating combustion chambers at both upper (entrance) and lower (discharge) ends. Such an arrangement effects a continuous flow of combustion products with fuel and air to achieve desired combustion results. Material is fed to the rotary furnace which has longitudinal ribs or teeth lining the inside of the furnace. When the rotary 28, cylinder or kiln moves, material is agitated and exposed to maximum heat on its journey to the adjacent heating chamber. Another feature is a cremation chamber for the disposal of dead bird carcasses within one area of the incinerator. US-0806 Kells, E. L., L. E. Strobert, and E. S. Washburn (Chicago Bridge and Iron Company), Method and apparatus for burning sewage plant skimmings. U.S. 3,312,183; filed June 10, 1965; issued Apr. A, 1967. Watery and trash-bearing greasy skimmings of a sewage treatment plant are burned in this device. Fuel is only used to initiate the burning process because heat developed by the burning grease is so conserved and used that no other fuel is required even with skimmings of 40 percent water or more. The entire burner or combustion chamber has been reduced in size, thus the number of Btu's liberated by the combustion in the chamber is increased per cubic foot of volume. Heat -'* "'" " ,',' '") ""-o^'ii'-fil 5 ^-=fe-=s=^^H"~~T~T1 4 — ,_=-=;— 1 __J-—J LiJJ generated should not be less than 100,000 Btu's per cubic foot per hr, with no upper limit. The reduction in size conserves heat and speeds the reaction which creates a higher temperature (thus speeding the vaporization of the grease). US-0807 Albertson, 0. E., and W. E. Budd (Dorr-Oliver Incorporated), Treatment and disposal of waste sludges. U.S. 3,319,586; filed July 10, 1961; issued May 16, 1967. The disposal of organic sewage sludge solids by complete combustion is effected by this invention. A simplified system is proposed which eliminates many preparatory operations, such as separate drying apparatus. Odor-free combustion gases are produced from sludge burning. The unit possesses high 354 ------- thermal efficiency and operational economy, without requiring any moving parts exposed to combustion temperatures. Moist raw sludge is subjected to combustion in a bed of inert hot granular material maintained in a state of fluidization which is the formation of a dense and turbulent suspension of particles in an upflowing stream of gas termed a turbulent layer or fluidized bed. US-0808 Albertson, 0. E., and W. M. H. Kilmer (Dorr-Oliver Incorporated) , Disposal of waste material by combustion in an inert fluidized bed. U.S. 3,319,587; filed Mar. 31, 1964; issued May 16, 1967. Wet waste material is disposed of by combustion. The waste material is largely comprised of organic or volatile constituents, part of which may be putrescible. The high-moisture waste may be derived from sewage sludge by filtration or other dewatering operations. Waste matter is fed continuously into a body of hot inert fluidized granular material having heat-storing and heat-radiating capability such as sand. The fluidized state of this granular material is retained in the combustion chamber by the combustion air being forced upward. The direct and complete combustion of the wet waste results in the discharge of stack gases from the combustion chamber, containing only inert and innocuous combustion gases along with water vapor. These gases carry with them the residual ash and inert fines. The controls of the combustion process maintain a high enough combustion temperature in the body of fluidized material, besides keeping a low excess of combustion air. The invention also possesses means to minimize afterburning of waste material and/or distillation gases. This is accomplished by extruding the high-moisture waste material tightly compacted into the lower zone of the body of hot inert fluidized material in the combustion chamber. Hence, the waste material is delivered from an extrusion device in the form of plugs compacted to a density equal to or greater than the surrounding body of fluidized material. The invention furthermore determines that the material in the feeder will not be adversely affected by heat. US-0809 Duncan, L. L. (W. J. King), Total disposal unit and method. U.S. 3,319,588; filed Sept. 15, 1964; issued May 16, 1967. An incinerating toilet of this design has advantages if used on moving vehicles, such as planes, trains, and buses. This model employs a unique method for the receipt and positioning of a disposable receptacle to receive waste and a small combustion chamber which is connected to an exhaust system. The waste-bearing receptacle, when full, may be drawn into the combustion chamber, whereby air supplied by an intake fan creates an intense gas jet flame which consumes all the waste. A venturi system is employed for the removal of heated gases from the combustion chamber. There is a space between the toilet bowl and combustion chamber doors, cith the disposable pleated paper receptable carried on the doors under the bowl. The device is especially useful if there are limited 355 ------- Sludge sewerage facilities or not enough water available to flush down the wastes. US-0810 Komline, T. R., and W. H. Sanderson (Komline-Sanderson Engineering Corp.)) Sludge incineration. U.S. 3,322,079; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued May 30, 1967. In the incineration of sewage sludge and municipal waste, an ignited bed of the municipal waste is supported for continuous movement on a traveling grate. Air is supplied beneath the grate, and a cylindrical drying chamber is provided. The drying chamber has one end opening downward into the combustion chamber, and a closed upper end which is provided with a centrifugal atomizer for delivering fine particles of sludge and distributing them radially. The sludge is therefore sprayed into the upwardly rising air and into combustion gases which rise from the solid fuel bed. The upwardly rising gas and air currents impede the downward movement of the particles to increase their exposure to the heating and drying action. Some of the particles are entrained and subjected to combustion in these currents and other heavier particles descend onto the solid fuel for combustion after being subjected to the drying and heating action. seat of the latrine. An exhaust impeller or blower protective device is also provided to eliminate possible damage or clogging by debris forced toward the exhaust blower. Protective measures to prevent flooding of the burner are also needed. Means are provided to mix and pressurize air and gas for use as fuel in •JL US-0811 Frankel, D. P. (La Mere Industries, Inc.), Incinerating latrine or toilet apparatus. U.S. 3,323,473; filed May 6, 1963; issued June 6, 1967. 'Dry' latrines with incinerators built into them have improved cooling me ins for the the latrine. Excreta receiving and rendering means are located within a fire-box for breaking excretions up into small particles for more efficient burning. Stationary and rotary combs combine in a meshing motion to further reduce the material before burning. An exhaust blower removes fumes in combustion products. 356 ------- US-0812 Stevens, C. F. B. (Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada), Toilet waste combuster. U.S. 3,357,381; filed May 18, 1966; issued Dec, 12, 1967. An incinerator toilet of this design is suitable for installation in living quarters; automatic discharge of inert ash to a storage chamber is carried out, too. The first combustion chamber is the toilet stool which has heating means, means for subdividing and dispersing solids, and air-supply means. Waste such as feces and urine is deposited in the first chamber with above means inoperative until the toilet stool is closed, at which time drying, pyrolysis, and some burning takes place. The mixture of air, vapours, and gaseous materials is conducted to the second chamber where combustible material is thoroughly burned. Solid and liquid materials are separated in the initial stage; also a series of scraper blades cuts or shreds solid or viscous material prior to drying, pyroly/.ation, and burning. Liquids are evaporated and organic products pyrolized in the initial stage also. US 0813 Kells, E. L., and B. S. Washburn (Chicago Bridge and Iron Company), Grease burner. U.S. 3,362,359; filed Apr. 9, 1965; issued Jan. 9, 1968. A burner is used for disposing of the grease obtained as skimmings from a sewage disposal plant. The burner comprises an annular furnace with a cylindrical wall positioned with its cylindrical axis vertical and a hearth at the bottom of the wall. A mechanism continuously deposits a ribbon of grease about the hearth adjacent to the cylindrical walls. This mechanism includes a rotating distributor conduit having a discharge end adjacent to the cylindrical walls from which the ribbon of grease is extruded. There is a mechanism also to rotate the conduit with respect to the furnace. There is a device which has a number of nozzles extending into the furnace, and a mechanism to introduce air into the nozzles under pressure. To start the furnace, it is first preheated by the use of the gas burner and blower. After it has been preheated to a suitable temperature, the feeding of skimmings through the conduit is commenced. After the temperature rises 357 ------- Sludge to about 1,900 F, the gas is turned off, but the blower remains running so no fumes back out through the blower. During the feeding of the skimmings, the conduit is rotated. The furnace temperature usually runs between about 2,100 and 2,300 F, the principal variable being the amount of water in the skimmings. Automatic controls are provided to restart the gas burner if the temperature goes below 1,900 F, and to shut down the material feed if the temperature goes above about 2,300 F. US-OS 14 Macklin, M. R. (TRW Incorporated), Waste combustion and water recovery system. U.S. 3,372,989; filed Apr. 1, 1964; issued Mar. 12, 1968. TO CAtiN ON CARtON OlOXIOC COMCtNTATQ This method and apparatus for recovering potable water from an organic waste product is especially useful with house trailers, airplanes, and railroad cars. Waste products are fed into a storage tank and mixed to prevent settling. A pump delivers the waste to a regenerative heat exchanger through a conduit. Combustion-supporting gas is also introduced into the heat exchanger through a conduit. The mixture of waste and air is heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize completely the water in the organic waste and to partially vaporize the organics present. The vaporous mixture leaves the heal; exchanger at a temperature between 900 and 1,000 F. They are directed toward a burner where the material is completely oxidized. The combustion products are directed back into the heat exchanger for heat exchange with the incoming waste. As the temperature of the combustion gases falls, they are routed out of the exchanger and through filters which remove noxious gases and solids. The steam leaving the filters reenters the heat exchanger and emerges at a temperature of about 228 F. A turbine utilizes the steam to supply the power needed for the process before it enters a water separator. Water is condensed and pumped to a charcoal filter' which removes the last traces of impurities. US-0815 Albertson, 0. E., and W. M. H. Kilmer (Dorr-Oliver Incorpora:ed), Waste burning system with internal screen deliquefiers. U.S. 3,375,794; filed Apr. 27, 1966; issued Apr. 2, 1968. This waste-disposal system burns organic sludges which have a solids content of from 20 to 50 percent. The combustion chamber contains a fluidized bed of incandescent inert material. A sludge pump feeds the sludge under pressure into a conduit in order to force water from the sludge, as it passes to the furnaie. When the sludge reaches the combustion chamber, it is in the form of a substantially dry, solid plug. A hollow screen within tie conduit receives the filtered water which is conveyed from the conduit. 358 ' ------- US081G Brennan, B. E. Method of burning combustible scum. U.S. 3,398,705; filed Dec. 1, 1967; issued Aug. 27, 1968. US-0817 Hubbard, P. J. (Dorr-Oliver Incorporated), Cyclonic reactor. U.S. 3,432,101; filed Apr. 11, 1967; issued Mar. 11, 1969. A process is disclosed for the subdivision of sludge into finely divided particles followed by extremely rapid drying and This process involves burning combustible scum such as sewage scum. The scum is collected and transported to a tank through which water flows. The scum is ignited, thereby burning on the surface of the liquid in the container. Pressurized air flows through the chamber slightly above the surface level of the liquid, and low pressure air is discharged into the air around the margin of the combustion chamber. The scum is pierced and agitated periodically at slightly spaced points as combustion occurs. combustion of the divided sludge. The equipment involved is a cyclonic reactor which utilizes high-velocity swirling hot combustion gases in combination with a method of atomized spraying of the sludge against the interior surface of a thin heat-conducting shell. The shell is heated on both sides by the combustion gases. Reclamation and Recovery US-0818 Howe, A. F. (Centrifugal and Mechanical Industries, Inc.), Dewatering and coking slurry coal. U.S. 2,474,251; filed Dec. 9, 1944; issued June 28, 1949. In the recovery of sludge or slurry coal, the material is discharged onto the end of an ;^^ '•v#x# 359 ------- Sludge inclined vibratory screen. A tank receives the fluent sludge, slurry, and usable coal passing through the screen. Contents of the tank are constantly agitated and pass out of the tank by an outlet pipe into a centrifugal drying machine. The sludge or slurry coal delivered to either of two centrifugal drying machines will be dehydrated. All usable coal is discharged downward through an apron or passage. The water and finer mesh impurities are discharged from the machine as waste. This waste may enter a clarifier mechanism to clear the water and condition it for reuse. A conveyor moves the usable coal from the centrifuge to a mechanism which distributes it for combustion. US-0819 Berl, E. Processes for making activated carbon. U.S. 2,567,468; filed Apr. 27, 1948; issued Sept. 11 , 1951. This process utilizes numerous raw materials for producing an activated, powdered, partly hydrophobic intermediate product which can be made into briquets of desired shape and particle size which can then be converted into highly activated carbons. The carbonaceous raw materials, including water-soluble acid sludges from oil refineries, dense wood, lignite, waste sulfite liquor, etc. are treated with activating agents, e.g. potassium salts, precoalifying the resultant potassium salts of sulfonic and carboxylic acids of phenols at 300 to 600 C, and grinding the resultant material into powder. For briquetting, a finely powdered binder, e.g. phenol formaldehyde resin, is added followed by heating at 130 to 250 C under high pressure (500 to 10,000 psi) which polymerizes the resin. During this time the material can be molded into any desired shape. These specific steps may be varied depending upon individual requirements. US-0820 Geraghty, C. J., and R. R. Kennedy (Modoc Peat Moss Company), Treatment of sewage sludge. U.S. 2,861,877; filed July 22, 1954; issued Nov. 25, 1958. Sewage sludge is treated to convert it into a fertilizer. Sewage sludge is filtered into a layer of loose porous cellulosic material (such as peat moss) to partially dewater it. The mass is allowed to stand until its total moisture content is reduced about 30 percent to 50 percent. Tilling of the mass is followed by re-flooding and drying. This sequence of operation is repeated four or five times. The final product is ready for use as a garden or agricultural fertilizer. US-0821 Greenfield, C. Apparatus and process for dehydrating waste solid concentrates. U.S. 3,323,575; filed Apr. 5, 1966; issued June 6, 1967. In dehydrating waste salids concentrates, particularly sewage sludge, the sludge is mixed with an oil to obtain a mixture which will remain fluid and pumpable after it is dehydrated. The sludge is subjected to heat evaporation by steam in a sequence of steps. The final slurry of sludge and oil is subjected to a mechanical pressure of either a static or dynamic variety. This forces the greater part of the oil content to leave the solids. This oil is recycled and used for mixing with incoming sludge. These solids are relatively dry, oil-free, and fat-free and can be utilized as fertilizer, animal feed, or for other purposes. 360 ------- US-0822 Hinkebein, J. A. (Monsanto Company), Process for recovering phosphorus from sludge. U.S. 3,-436,184; filed Aug. 25, 1964; issued Apr. 1, 1969. In the production of elemental phosphorus by the thermal reduction of phosphatic materials, the sludge contains varying amounts of phosphorus which renders •HOSPHOUUS COnJNING CMU -.V j °-\ TKATCC, =-ft£r ./L.isklT^ . 2PHOSPHGWJS' problems of disposal as well as lowering the yield of phosphorus produced. The phosphorus content of the sludge is reduced by mixing a water-soluble inorganic hexavalent oxy-chromium compound with the sludge to improve the separation of phosphorus in the sludge. US-0823 Davis, N. S. (North American Rockwell Corporation), Combined waste treatment and cement-making method and means. U.S. 3,442,498; filed June 13, 1967; issued May 6, 1969. An activated sludge sewage treatment process is combined with a cement-making process for making cement economically from normally waste materials. Activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant is flocculated with sequential additions of carbon dioxide and calcium oxide, filtered, and fed to a cement kiln. The organics in the sludge reduce fuel requirements in the kiln and the resultant clinker is in the Portland cement composition range. A combined sewage treatment plant and plant for producing portland cement would consist of: a primary settler, an activated sludge system, a secondary settler for concentrating the activated sludge, a mixer for adding 4 /^o ------- Spreading kiln where the material is finally treated and cooled by air passed through the cooler and the fluidized bed and further to the rotary kiln, where the material is finally burned and cooled and sluiced out. Advantages of the system are that the combination kiln requires less space than the rotary kilns used previously and that the material in the combined kilns can be treated at a lower temperature. US-0827 Brunei, H. Products from acid sludges. U.S. 3,470,006; filed Oct. 21, 1965; issued Sept. 30, 19691. A method is provided for disposing of acid sludges and other waste products of the petroleum industry while simultaneously producing a useful product. The acid sludges are neutralized by adding them to a powdered neutralizing agent dispersed in a thick resinous solvent mixture which is liquid at 50 to 90 C. The solvent mixture comprises 5 to 60 percent of the basic mastic composition and is made up of a mixture of materials selected from the group of bituments, higher fatty acids, resinlc acids, naphthenic acids, and tall oil, with the provision that up to 70 percent (preferably 5 to 30 percent) of the mixture is preferably natural or synthetic drying oils, unsaturated hydrocarbon extracts obtained in oil refining processes, and unsaturated, drying hydrocarbon polymers and resins obtained from the preparation of light hydrocarbon fuels by the steam cracking process. Up to 15 percent (preferably 0.5 to 15 percent) of the mixture is preferably a mineral oil. The mastic compositions made by this process may be used as waterproofing sealants, coating materials, calking agents, and impregnating agents. US-0826 Sanders, M. D., and J. Kealy (Swift and Company), Utilization of phosphoric acid sludge. U.S. 3,457,061; filed Mar. 29, 1965; issued July 22, 1969. Evaporator sludge formed during the manufacture of wet-process, phosphoric acid is converted into a valuable phosphatic granulating reagent adapted for use in the production of plant foods. The normally solid evaporator sludge is rendered pumpable in steps by diluting the sludge, which contains about 42 to 54 percent phosphorus pentoxide, with one part sulfuric acid for 0.9 to 3.1 parts sludge, agitating the mixture, and cooling the mixture to a temperature not in excess of 300 F for less than 5 hr to produce a pumpable viscosity of the sludge of at least about 200 centipoises at 105 F, but not substantially in excess of 500 centipoises at 60 F. SPREADING US-OS 28 Oberkamper, 1. E. (I. E. Oberkamper, E. L. Oberkamper, and 0. 0. Oberkamper), Loading device for manure spreaders. U.S. 2,368,422; filed Feb. 18, 1944; issued Jan. 30, 1945. This tractor-drawn manure spreader has a power-driven elevator conveyor. A manure spreader is attached to the loader mechanism so that it can be loaded as the conveyor is operated. An elevator conveyor extends from a point above the body of the manure spreader diagonally to the ground level. The conveyor is powered by the tractor's power take-off. In operation, the device is lowered with the conveyor blade riding on the ground. The manure is dug or scraped from the ground by the blade and delivered onto the lower end of the conveyor. 362 ------- Cross cleats advance the manure up the belt to a discharge point at the upper end of the conveyor. The manure is discharged downward into the body of the manure spreader. 77?cz; / / /7 . / - » 10 a US-0829 Atkinson, R. L. Agricultural distributor for spreading manures, fertilizers, or the like over the ground. U.S. 2,621,934; filed June 11, 1948; issued Dec. 16, 1952. This spreader raises a number of impellers which throw fertilizer beyond the wheel tracks of the vehicle. A trailer vehicle body is mounted on a single axle with two wheels. An endless conveyor serves as the floor of the body and is powered by movement of the vehicle axle. Movement of the conveyor is toward the distributing mechanism on the rear of the body. The distributing mechanism comprises two rotary cross shafts, each carrying fork-like projections. These tines are arranged to mesh with each other, the lower one just clearing the conveyor belt as it passes. Below these rotary shafts, the impeller shaft, with several blades attached, docs the actual distributing. All shafts are chain-driven with a supply of power coming from the rotation of the wheels. When the distributing mechanism is removed, the spreader can be used as an ordinary trailer. US-0830 Berger, G. C., and A. 0. Myrold. Straw and stalk disintegrating and scattering equipment. U.S. 2,677,550; filed Jan. 5, 1950; issued May 4, 1954. A device for disintegrating and scattering stalks and straw of harvested crops is fastened to the discharge end of a harvesting machine. Straw and stalks are discharged from the harvester into the open housing on a rotating drum. They are conveyed laterally to a rotary knife which is driven at a high rate of speed. The 363 ------- Spreading straw and stalks are reduced into small pieces by the scissor-like cutting action of the knives. The rapidly-rotating motor draws the finely disintegrated straw and stalks into a rotor housing. As they are engaged by the motor, the small pieces are flung outward through the discharge against the scattering device. Two scattering devices discharge the material on each side of the machine. US-0831 Juzwiak, E. A., and F. S. Ajero. (Avco Manufacturing Corporation), Hand-operated fertilizer spreader. U.S. 2,678,145; filed May 22, 1952; issued May 11, 1954. A hand-operated unit to spread materials such as fertilizers has a reservoir hopper or bin, supported on a pair of wheels, and 29 has a handle for pushing. A series of agitators are. located in the lower part of the bin and are aligned with one another in a horizontal position. These agitators are secured to an agitator shaft which also serves as the axle for the wheels. Forward motion of the unit transmits power to the rotary shaft. By means of a one-way clutch, the only direction the agitators will move is forward. The size of the feed openings on the bottom plate are adjusted by a control on the handle. This unit works ideally for a small-sized lawn. US-0832 Neighbour, L. B. (Deere and Company), Material spreader with tilting body. U.S. 2,699,948; filed Aug. 17, 1950; issued Jan. 18, 1955. This material spreader is utilized on farms for the spreading or distribution of manure and other fertilizers. The spreader body can be tilted so that the material may be discharged over an upper edge portion of one of the walls. The body is in the form of an elongated tank having a semi- cylindrical shape. It is carried on the frame by means that provide for tilting of the body about the principal axis. When tilted, the upper edge of one of the side walls is lowered relative to the rest of the body and material will flow toward this edge. A beater or spreader is located along this edge for distributing the material as ' ' rf- "1 "«1 I -ft /'if J J i ,_t_i^A. . -,-^ . „ =r^rrT-rT=rrrT^ ^0 / ------- and straw would utilize this disintegrating and scattering device. It is attached to a standard harvesting machine or combine and uses a minimum of power, and is designed to reduce manufacturing and operating costs. An auger-type conveyor is arranged with respect to the discharge of the combine to convey stalks and straw in a uniform flow to a set of rotary cutter elements which coordinate with fixed cutters. Spiral flanges on the auger conveyor act to balance it for high-speed work. After the material is reduced, a second rotor body opposite the cutter elements acts to scatter the particles in a lateral path. rapidly rotate from power supplied by a machine-driven belt. Straw or stalks are discharged downward ontp a plate which deflects them slightly forward where they fall into engagement with the outer end portions of the arms rotating beneath the discharge opening. The blades, traveling at an extremely high velocity, will sever portion of the straw and carry the remainder into engagement with a shear plate. The shear edge and the leading sharpened edges cooperateIto sever the straw and stalks into small fragments. Fragments strike the skirt panels and are deflected downward to the ground. US-0834 Stevens, E. G. Stalk and straw disintegrating and distributing mechanism, U.S. 2,848,238; filed Feb. 8, 1956; issued Aug. 19, 1958. This mechanism is used for fragmentizing and scattering straw and stalks discharged from harvesting equipment. The device is located on the rear of a harvesting machine and should be adjusted to the proper crop and field before using. Cutter arms US-0835 Simpson, J. E. Combination straw-chopping and spreading apparatus. U.S. 2,886,331; filed Oct. 28, 1953; issued May 12, 1959. A plant-chopping and distributing mechanism is used in connection with combines or other harvesting equipment. The device is attached to the discharge end of a 365 ------- Spreading conventional agricultural machine. Grain or beans harvested by the machine are removed from plants. Straw stalks or vines are elevated and carried to the rear of the machine for discharge into the device. An attachment is provided for receiving the straw and cutting it into smaller lengths by a chopping action. The resulting short lengths of straw are evenly scattered directly upon the ground or soil traveled over by the machine for soil conditioning purposes. US0837 Erny, W. Rotary agricultural mixer and scatterer. U.S. 2,988,367; filed Dec. 15, 1959; issued June 13, 1961. This spreader is a rotary scattering unloader which mixes f cesh manure with old manure or fertilizer. A drum is used for receiving the material to be mixed and scattered, a 3 housed in bearings of a chassis frame by means of US-0836 Elwick, K. D. Flail-type material unloader. U.S. 2,886,332; filed June 3, 1957; issued May 12, 1959. This manure spreader provides for a decreased power requirement and increased capacity. Manure or other material is loaded into a cylindrical tank. Material loaded in the spreader will hold flail implements in position until a shaft is rotated. Initial rotation of the shaft will cause chains to wrap themselves around the shaft. Upon removal of the manure, the chain will be free to extend radially. The manure is gradually unloaded from the body until the chains are fully extended. Free ends of the chains engage the manure adjacent to the shaft to drive the material over the side. The chains are mounted the full length of the shaft so that material from all parts of the loader will be thrown over the right edge of the container. The flailing operation of the chains and the drags will operate to pulverize the material in the spreader as well as unload material outside the spreader body. Power is supplied to the spreader by a tractor power take-off. an axle, and is driven by a rim gear on the inside of the vehicle wheels. A knife shaft is supported on two side swing arms at approximately the level of the drum-axle. They project between hoops in the drum and eliminate the pressure of the manure against the drum surface. The knives are powered by the wheels and rotate at a much faster speed than the manure. It is possible to scatter the manure by swinging the lid to the drum open and moving the spreader forward. 366 ------- US 0838 Smoker, I. Z., and C. Ritchey (Sperry Rand Corporation), Manure spreader. U.S. 3,010,726; filed Feb. 24, 1958; issued Nov. 28, 1961. This manure spreader has means for loading, transporting, and distributing fertilizer while retaining the value of the humus and liquids contained in the fertilizer. A body, which is liquid-tight, is mounted on a wheeled chassis. Manure is loaded into it with the associated liquids contained within. The loaded body is transported by a tractor to the area to be fertilized. It is then elevated for gravitating the contents toward a well formed in the rear of the body structure. Within this well is an endless conveyor which is driven at a selected speed, by power delivered from the tractor. This conveyor operates to move the manure and liquid into the path of operation of a distributor mechanism. The distributor has beater shafts and a scatterer which discharges the manure onto the ground. US0839 Elwick, K. D. (Hawk Bilt Manufacturing Corporation), Material unloading apparatus. U.S. 3,048,409; filed Jan. 31, 1961; issued Aug. 7, 1962. This apparatus for unloading and spreading material can be used for any type of coarse and granular material. The spreader has a body, which is mounted on wheels, with a semi-circular liner that extends the length of the body and forms bottom and side walls. An unloading shaft is mounted on the axis of the liner and connected to the power take-off of the pulling means. Centrifugal unloading flails are attached to the shaft and carry slings at their outer ends to unload the material. A helical conveyor auger extends the length of the body and moves the material along the shaft. Slinger rods clean out the rear end of the body and cleaning rods clean out the front end of the body. The body is easily and completely unloaded, leaving no residue. US-0840 Ament, A. L., and P. P. Rupp. Side delivery manure spreader. U.S. 3,075,776; filed Aug. 5, 1960; issued Jan. 29, 1963. This manure spreader is adapted to more evenly spread manure on one side of a machine, without excessive compression. Manure is deposited in the body of the machine. As the machine is moved forward 367 ------- Spreading by a tractor, a spiked scattering roller is rotated. Another roller is located beneath the scattering roller to conduct particulate matter over the upper roller without compressing manure between the rollers. The lower roller rotates faster than the upper one to discharge the material in a sideward and upward direction. A feed blade is movably mounted to the body of the spreader. This follower blade moves toward the scattering rollers and as the load is scattered, the follower engages a gear which reverses its motion follower moves back and the body is then ready to be reloaded. The US-0841 Ferris, R. G. (Starline, Inc.), Material unloader and spreader with extensible flails. U.S. 3,161,412; filed Feb. 26, 1963; issued Dec. 15, 1964. Material spreaders of this type are used principally for spreading refuse on farm fields. The spreader is drawn behind a farm tractor and the unloader shaft is driven from the tractor power take-off. The operator winds all the flails onto the loader assembly before the container is filled with material. A hinged leg is then folded so as to release the clutch rod and disengage the clutch pins. A load of material to be spread is unloaded from the end portions of the container by the outer set of flails. The inner flails do not unwind from the unloader assembly. When the operation is completed, the operator pulls the control cord to engage the clutch pins which control the inner flails. Then the central portion of the load is spread. US-0842 Dail, J. P. (Starline, Inc.), Material unloader and spreader. U.S. 3,176,994; filed Mar. 8, 1963; issued Apr. 6, 1965. This material unloader and spreader is a flail-type spreader in which the drive for the unloader mechanism is derived from rotation of the supporting wheels. A cylindrical material container has a hinged cover and is mounted on a wheeled carriage. On the unloader shaft, a number of flails are attached which handle the actual unloading process. The shaft is driven by a chain attached to a sprocket on the end of the shaft. When the wheels are moved, the chain, 'hich is attached to the shaft and one wieel, moves the sprocket which operates the flails. A hand-operated clutch activates the unloader shaft. This invention is particularly adapted to requirements where the tractor has no power take-off. US-0843 Haley, 0. A. Granular material spreading machine. U.S. 3,185,486; filed Aug. 27, 1962; issued May 25, 1965. This machine is adapted for spreading granular material, such as fertilizer. Granular material is discharged into a bin, falling through a narrowing throat 368 ------- onto a baffle plate, then discharged from the plate in regular quantities onto a pan. Material is moved toward the rear of the body upon movement of the device. Spreading blades are located on the rear of the body and rotate in opposite directions. The material moves out of the pan onto the spreader blades and is thrown to the rear and side of the machine. as efficiently for loading and unloading liquids as well as manure. US-0844 De Jong, F. Fertilizer spreader. U.S. 3,206,215; filed Feb. 27, 1964; issued Sept. 14, 1965. This fertilizer spreader is adapted for use not only with various types of manure and commercial fertilizers, but also for use as a liquid-spraying apparatus. A suitable hopper or fertilizer-holding chamber is provided with an opening for receiving and discharging material to be spread. A steel tube extends to the rear of the hopper and connects with an opening in the rear wall of the hopper. This allows the fertilizer to be forced in and out of the hopper through the conduit. An auger or screw conveyor aids in the loading and discharge procedures, as well as fans or blowers which assist in scattering the material. The various fan blades and screw conveyors are well-fitted in the conduit so that the apparatus works 4CH8 US-0845 McLeland, H. H. (L. H. Schultz Manufacturing Company) , Ma'terial unloading device. U.S. 3,229,984; filed Nov. 20, 1963; issued Jan. 18, 1966. This spreader is adapted for materials such as fertilizer and manure, where the solid and liquid consistencies may be widely varying. An unloading device has a U-shaped or semi cylindrical container which is liquid-tight. A rotating shaft extends from one end of the container to the other and is powered by the"power take-off of a tractor pulling the device. This unloader mechanism has small members extending outward from the shaft. The loaded spreader is pulled to a field and the power take-off actuated; arm elements cut through the material. A centrifugal impeller is connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor; it acts upon 369 ------- Spreading material in the container and unloads it through an opening. The impeller arms create a pressurized air condition which propels the material onto the ground in a uniform pattern, and the rate of distribution may be adjusted by controlling the speed of the impeller. All types of fertilizer can be spread uniformly and evenly with this device. US-0846 Yuenger, R. L., H. J. Ferris, and R. G. Ferris (Starline, Inc.), Material unloading and spreading device. U.S. 3,229,985; filed Dec. 11, 1964; issued Jan. 18, 1966. This material unloader and spreader may be loaded with refuse by driving it beneath the end of a barn gutter cleaner conveyor. A cylindrical container is equipped with an unloader shaft connected to both ends of the container. A helical feed screw is attached to the unloader shaft with mounting eyes to receive flail chains. Rotation of the shaft will unload the container; if rotation is to the right, the material will be discharged to the right, or if to the left, discharge will be to the left. A transmission assembly is attached to the tractor's power take-off allowing rotation of the unloading shaft in either direction. US-0847 Ferris, R. G. (Starline, Inc.), Flail- type material spreader with dirigible wheels. U.S. 3,229,986; filed Mar. 29, 1965; issued Jan. 18, 1966. This flail-type material spreader has wheels which can be steered for easy maneuverability. A cylindrical container has an unloader shaft provided with flexible flails, the power for the shaft being derived from the tractor's power take-off. The container rests on two wheels which are pivoted at the ends of the Ti'TfYill i 1 I.l i I 1 1 L '^^ \ -~s I I ,N if axle and can be steered. A hydraulic cylinder and piston unit supply the power required for steering. A control valve on the tractor seat permits the operator to steer the wheels independently of the front wheels of the tractor. The tractor operator can be protected from the discharging material when the wheels are properly maneuvered. US 0848 Wood, G. C. Combined mill and spreader. U.S. 3,301,566; filed Mar. 10, 1964; issued Jan, 31, 1967. This portable, wagon-type apparatus is a combined mill, mixer, and spreader for materials such as silage, manure, or similar materials. The body of the mechanism is mounted on wheels and has an open top. A rotary hsater unit is movable in a lengthwise direction with the body, so as to come in contact with material throughout the length of the body. A 370 ------- pair of hydraulic cylinders are mounted to the chassis and the heater unit. They serve to move the heater along the body. Pover is supplied by the tractor's power take-off shaft. Different materials may be placed in the body in layers and all are mixed together by the heater unit before discharging. US-0849 Moran, J. N. (Phillips Petroleum Company), Apparatus for supplying fertilizer to the soil. U.S. 3,319,589; filed Aug. 2, 1965; issued May 16, 1967. This fertilizer-supplying apparatus is carried by another applicator vehicle for 494 the purpose of introducing a liquid fertilizer into the soil. The assembly comprises a disk-type rotatab]e colter or chisel for cutting a furrow in the soil. A clamp is adapted to be attached to the tool bar of a fertilizer applicator vehicle. Horizontal pivot means connect the clamp and a portion of the applicator assembly to maintain the assembly in a horizontal position. Vertical pivot means connect the horizontal pivot means and the col ter to maintain the colter in a vertical position. An injection knife includes a nozzle connected to the vertical pivot means. It is carried behind the colter for injecting fertilizer into the furrow formed by the colter. US-0850 Kellogg, C. W. (A. 0. Smith Harvestore Products Incorporated), Manure-handling system. U.S. 3,367,583; filed July 6, 1965; issued Feb. 6, 1968. This animal manure handling system is designed for the accumulation, storage, and subsequent distribution of manure in a liquid form. A liquid storage tank is buried with a ground-level opening. It contains a pump unit on one side of the tank and a rotatable hydraulic jet unit located in the center of the tank. The pump is designed to be powered by a tractor's power take-off and is mounted on a trailer for movement. The rotatable jet unit utilizes a horizontal off-center nozzle connected at the bottom end of a conduit assembly, centrally and vertically located within the tank. This conduit assembly consists of two telescoping conduits, the upper portion of which is securely fastened to a wall of the tank and the lower portion is secured by a rack and pinion assembly, allowing vertical positioning of the jet nozzle. The jet nozzle is secured to the vertical conduit assembly in a freely rotatabJe manner. It is also connected to a ring gear and pin assembly which is part of a rotatable shaft assembly extending upward through the top of the tank. This assembly allows manual locking of the jet nozzle in one position. The jet unit and pump unit are connected by means of a transfer conduit which is fitted at both ends with quickly detachable joints. This 371 ------- Street Cleaning allows the conduit to connect the pump to the jet unit or the pump to a discharge tank trailer truck. US 0851 Vissers, H. (Landbouwwerktuigen en Machinefabriek H. Vi^sers N. V.), Apparatus for spreading powdered or granular fertilizers. U.S. 3,372,877; filed Apr. 8, 1966; issued Mar. 12, 1968. An apparatus is designed for spreading powdered or granular fertilizers. The spreader is provided with a storage hopper supported on a traveling frame. A bowl is located below the discharge me ath of the hopper. The bowl has a spout with outlet holes and a driving means for angularly reciprocating the bowl on a vertical shaft. An agitator is located on the shaft in the lower part of the hopper. Two superimposed discs provided with passage holes are located between the outlet mouth of the hopper and the bowl. Each disc is angularly adjustable with respect to the other. In operation, the agitator exerts a pressure on the fertilizer and the fertilizer falls into the bowl through the passage holes of the disc. US-0852 Siwersson, 0. L., and K. G. Tell. Manure spreaders. U.S. 3,478,970; filed Apr. 1, 1968; issued Nov. 18, 1969. A spreading apparatus for natural or artificial manure has a supply container, a conveyor projecting upwardly over the supply container, and the manure spreader. The spreader comprises a conveyor screw in a cylindrical housing and spreading means mounted at the upper free end of the conveyor and rotatable about an axis common to the screw, the housing, and the spreading means. The material to be spread is released at the side of the housing and the centrifugal force in rotating the housing is exploited to impart an initial movement to the material. Due to the spreading means having downwardly facing and downwardly-outwardly inclined guide surfaces for the manure to be spread, it is possible to keep the manure L" better collected during its movement between the spreader and the ground. At the same time the iranure will be more uniformly distributed over the ground. STREET CLEANING US-0853 Daneman, B., and H. E. Paulson. (Central Engineering Company, Inc.), Street-cleaning apparatus. U.S. 3,193,867; filed Aug. 12, 1963; issued July 13, 1965. A combined vacuum pick-up and water-flushing street-cleaning apparatus comprises a self-propelled vehicle which has an auxiliary power device mounted on it, and a closeable tank with a closeable rear dump door. There is a means for mounting the tank at the rear of the vehicle about a transverse pivot axis for dumping material to the rear from the tank out the dump door, A blower is mounted on the vehicle and driven by the power device, A duct places this blower in communication with the tank. The duct is formed in two separate and scalable sections to permit automatic separation of the tank when the tank is not tilted. A 372 ------- vacuum pick-up nozzle is detachably secured to the tank. A sump is fixed to the vehicle and located beneath the bottom of the tank, being spaced a distance in front of the pivot axis. There is a stand pipe fixed to and extending down from the tank bottom and terminating at its open lower end in an annular flange. The sump has an upper open end adapted to be sealed to the flange and in fluid receiving communication with the stand pipe and the tank when the tank is not tilted. A fluid pump is located on the vehicle which has a suction side and a pressure discharge side. The pump is connected to the power device and driven by it. A conduit places the sump in fluid communication with the suction side of the pump. Spray nozzles are fixed to the vehicle and are in fluid receiving communication with the discharge side of the pump. The pump sucks fluid from the tank through the sump and conduit and forceably ejects it out of the nozzles. Means are provided for selectively controlling flow in the vacuum nozzle and water flushing device. US-0854 Holifield, R. B. Jet cleaning appar; us and groove router for concrete pavements. U.S. 3,347,597; filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued Oct. 17, 1967. This apparatus is for cleaning and routing out joints in concrete pavements to remove sealants and foreign material. This device is used prior to the replacement of fillers in the joints. The alignment of concrete sections is very important along aircraft runways and roads; removal of dust and grit from between joints prevents this material from being sucked into aircraft engines or cars causing hazards to operation. Elastic-like sealing materials must be routinely replaced. The device to accomplish this may be mounted on a conventional vehicle and utilizes a controlled pressure means for the air jet stream which dislodges the materials. Close tolerance in pressure controls is necessary to prevent the widening of the joint or groove beyond a specified dimension. A pair of plows with router blades attached are guided along the pavement joints to loose material; compressed air or an air-liquid combination is directed through a jet connected to a nozzle to remove the material. US-0855 Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company, Inc.), Vacuum-type debris collector. U.S. 3,348,258; filed June 18, 1965; issued Oct. 24, 1967. A mobile apparatus is designed for picking up and removing trash and litter from highways, streets, etc., and employs a flexible vacuum nozzle. Connected to the nozzle is a rotatable power boom assembly which has controls located remote from it. In this way, the nozzle operator may observe and control the rotation of the power boom assembly and direct the suction end to debris in front or to the side of the vehicle. The assembly and nozzle may be retracted below the overall height of the vehicle so that the driver may have an unobstructed view of the road ahead and the vehicle may pass under highway overpasses, trees, and other similar obstacles. The vehicle has an intake opening in the front of the tank and a debris dumping opening in the rear of the tank. //N 373 ------- Street Cleaning US-0856 Shaddock, R. E. (The Myers-Sherman Company), Apparatus for collecting loose materials in a portable collector. U.S. 3,404,776, filed Aug. 10, 1966; issued Oct. 8, 1968. connected to the discharge openings insure that exhausted air is relatively clean and pure. An apparatus is provided for separating loose materials from an air stream in a portable collector, especially in a vacuum chamber of a street cleaner or a refuse- collecting vehicle. The collecting box consists of a vacuum expansion chamber and a door for emptying the chamber. A materials inlet to the chamber and air outlet from the chamber are located in the same wall of the collection box. A cyclone separator in the chamber has an air inlet in communication with the chamber and an air outlet connected to the air chamber outlet. A compressor is connected to the air chamber outlet for establishing the suction flow of an air stream initially containing loose matter in a flow path from the materials inlet, through the chamber and the •separator, to the chamber air outlet for depositing the loose material in the chamber, and separating entrained material in the separator. US-0857 Young, W. W. Street-cleaning machine. U.S. 3,406,423; filed Jan. 30, 1967; issued Oct. 22, 1968. This self-propelled street-cleaning vehicle removes dv\st and litter from streets and highways without using water. Frame-mounted brushes scour the surface of the road, and a suction nozzle behind the brushes picks up the agitated dirt and debris. A collection bin carried on the frame receives the waste material being discharged from the vacuum system. Screens and baffles, which divide the collection bin into two chambers, filter the dust laden air passing through the system. Finally, cyclone separators US-0858 Rush, R. C. Lawn and parking lot cleaner. U.S. 3,406,424; filed ^ug. 1, 1966; issued Oct. 22, 1968. This self-propelled cleaner vehicle collects trash and litter from such areas as parking lots, cemeteries, parks, and golf courses. The separate cleaning and driving units are mounted together by a universal ball joint. The ball joint permits the cleaning unit to rotate, or float, with respect to the driving unit, thereby allowing the cleaner to adjust to variations in terrain as the apparatus is being operated. Each of the separate units is individually housed and powered. The cleaner picks up the trash by vacuum and deposits the debris in a waste receptacle. US 0859 Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company, Inc.), Sound attenuator for vacuum-type debris collector. U.S. 3,431,583; filed May 4, 1966; issued Mar. 11, 1969. 374 ------- A sound attenuator is provided for vacuum-type debris collectors used for vacuuming trash and litter from highways, streets, and lanes. It includes: an attenuator box which has walls and an inlet catch basin to vacuum debris. There is an extension section whereby the length of opening for the blower's exhaust duct and an outlet opening; sound-absorbent, air-pervious material contained in acoustical panels removably mounted in the proximity of, but spaced from, the box walls for attenuating sound and filtering dirt and water from the blower's exhaust air; and baffles (including a perforated baffle adjacent the outlet opening) for directing the circuitous flow of the air generally through the box and the sound-absorbent material to the outlet opening. US0860 Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company), Debris collector suction pipe. U.S. 3,444,581; filed Dec. 6, 1967; issued May 20, 1969. A suction pipe is designed for attachment to the flexible nozzle of a vacuum-type debris collector and for vacuuming debris, trash, and litter from roads, streets, and catch basins. The suction pipe includes an angulation section having a substantially airtight joint whereby the pipe may be angled so that the suction end of it can reach the walls of the catch basin. Tiiere is a rotation section whereby the angled pipe may be rotated so that the suction end may be directed to all portions of the outer edges of the the pipe may be extended so that the suction end may reach the bottom of the catch basin. US 0861 Maasberg, W. (Woma-Apparatebau Wolfgang Maasberg and Company, G.m.b.H.), Road-cleaning vehicle. U.S. 3,447,188; filed Mar. 16, 1967; issued June 3, 1969. This road-cleaning vehicle has an array of nozzles for directing high-pressure jets of water against a ground surface transversely 375 ------- Street Cleaning to the direction of movement of the vehicle and a suction head having a longitudinally extending sjot parallel to the nozzle array and opening close to the ground surface in front of the nozzles. Under subatmospheric pressure, the entrained particles and the liquid are drawn upward from the ground surface. The suction head is connected in series with a settling (sedimenting) tank while the nozzle array trains its jets upon the ground surface directly beneath the mouth of the suction head. An air curtain is provided to form a barrier to the passage of liquid beyond the mouth of the suction head as the vehicle moves along the road surface. At least part of the water impinging upon the road surface is collected and purified for reuse. - Suction/Blower -Ctedn-Wdfer \ 29 Tjnk / I 22 jZii rSatfling T^nk ,-ZS - Wjter -Sludge US-0862 Juno, A. R. (First National Bank in Quanah, Tex.), Litter collector-pulverizer. U.S.3,449,780; filed Mar. 24, 1966; issued June 17, 1969. An apparatus for collecting litter scattered over a right-of-way adjacent to public thoroughfares traverses the course with three elements connected in tandem. A lead element collects the litter during movement along a traverse by picking up the litter with upwardly moving tines and by transferring the litter to an intermediate element which delivers the litter to the trailing element. The trailing element includes a flail drum Aich has hammer elements pivotally mounted on it in order to fragmentize the litter by impact and also to drive the litter into a storage location in response to the impact. 376 ------- US-0863 Sherrill, C. A., and L. M. Barnette. Vacuum-type street cleaner. U.S. 3,460,186; filed May 29, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969. A mobile street cleaner employs suction to remove light litter such as leaves, paper, and similar rubbish from street surfaces. street surface. The pivoting is yieldably opposed by resilient means biasing the conduit into a normal operating position. The conduit is also of telescopic construction so that its effective length is self-adjusting in compensation of sudden variations in street surface evenness. r-~7' 4--J ~ ^ ------- Street Cleaning operative position. Means for quick mounting and removal of arms and shovel are also provided. This trailer may be detachably connected with a towing vehicle for collecting, elevating, and discharging snow into a truck compartment. Power-ope rated means are provided with an adjusting mechanism for snow inlet means relative to the road surface over which the device travels. A laterally-extending pdow or blade is provided for collecting and directing the snow to the inlet means. The .plow blade elevation may be controlled; an anti-friction guide is provided on the outer blade end for rolling contact (as with a curb). A diaw bar connection is provided for attaching the device to the rear of a truck. US-0866 Hasskamp, F. C. (S. E. Koop, L. Hasskamp, M. H. Murphy, I. H. Roth, F. H. Hasskamp, R J. Hasskamp, K. J. Hasskamp, and P. A. Hasskamp), Snow loader. U.S. 2,547,752; filed Dec. 24, 1946; issued Apr. 3, 1951. 16 62 US-0867 Endres, J. M. (D. J. Endres, and J. M. Endres), Disc snow plow. U.S. 2,889,640; filed June 18, 1956; issued June 9, 1959. A snow plow attachment for tractors consists partly of a pair of forwardly divergent horizontal support beams. A horizont.il mechanism secures the rear ends of the beams to the side frame of a tractor adjacent to its forward end. There is a vertical post pivotally mounted on the forward end of eacii beam for horizontal turning movement. This post has a horizontal axle projecting laterally from its lower end. A disk comprising a snow plow is journaled on the axle for rotation. There are resilient mechanisms for effecting vertical tilting of each beam about the horizontal pivot for independently raising and lowering the disks. These mechanisms comprise a lever '-1 arm rigidly secured to eacli beam, a lever, and means for pivotally mounting each 378 ------- lever to the rear axle housing of a tractor. A resilient connection is made between each lever and one of the beams, each connector including a cylinder pivoted at one end to a lever arm and having a longitudinal slot in it. There is a rod which slides in the cylinder and is pivoted to the lever. A spring surrounds the cylinder, and a device is attached to the spring and extends through the slot and is secured to the rod, thus attaching the spring to the rod. apparatus is propelled by tractor or by hand. US 0868 Sedore, E. C. Snow blower. U.S. 3,296,717; filed Dec. 12, 1962; issued Jan. 10, 1967. A snow plow apparatus utilizes power-driven blower mechanisms in effecting snow-directing and snow-removing functions. The snow-removing units include driven impellers housed in casings with front ends for receiving snow; units are arranged'in tandern style in association with snow-directing means to guide snow to the rear as the machine moves ahead.- Also these units help cut a path through snow. Directing means consist of a wing extending forward and outward from the side of the rear removing unit. The snow-removing US-0869 Holley, J. D. (Kershaw Manufacturing Company, Inc.), Snow removal apparatus. U.S. 3,305,949; filed Apr. 22, 1964; issued Feb. 28, 1967. Snow removal equipment is adapted to remove snow from railroad switches. The apparatus includes a discharge unit having an impeller in it and a chute at one side, along with an improved device to prevent plugging the chute. Baffle-like members adjacent to the receiving sides of an impeller prevent snow from entering adjacent to the discharge side prior to receiving needed acceleration in an angular direction. The apparatus is simple 379 ------- Street Cleaning to construct, economical to manufacture, and is very efficient in railroad track snow removal. US-0870 Meyer, P. F., and J. L. Wolfe. Snow roller. U.S. 3,346,973; filed Nov. 10. 1964; issued Oct. 17, 1967. vehicle. The frame of the roller is connected to the vehicle and a snow- compacting roller is rotatably mounted on the frame. A melting material or agent (sand, salt, or cinders) is contained in the hopper and is distributively spread in the path of the roll-along cleated drum. The snow is compacted to express air from it and the melting agent is simultaneously forced into the snow. A snow roller is adapted to be hitched to and towed behind a sand truck or a similar US-0871 Marks, A. A. Snow disposal units. U.S. 3,353,286; filed July 30, 1964; issued Nov. 21, 1967. A snow disposal device for gathering and melting snow has an automatic snow conveyor and melter. A means is provided to change the direction of snow throw as it is conveyed, whether to the side of the vehicle or into a snow melter. If the snow-conveying means becomes clogged with foreign matter, the gathering and conveying means will automatically stop and can only be re-engaged manually. In the snow melter, a rapid and complete beat transfer is achieved to maintain a high melting rate; particles of snow are introduced into highly agitated water to accomplish this operation. The entire unit is adapted to make a path into a snow-covered area, melt the snow or discharge it, with provisions for the disposition of the resultant water. It can be inexpensive to operate while maintaining a high degree of efficiency. 13 66 67 ,70 71 i i } • i 77 ' ' . «» , ffi ^ , . A j \ . i! ...:\'.'°8 i ' •; >• - • 77' ^" "- ,.\ 77" . -' N '-. 17 21 ( ; ZS 35 15 34 ( ' )i) 380 ------- US-0872 Ober, H. C. Power-driven rotary snow remover. U.S. 3,363,345; filed Sept. 28, 196A; issued Jan. 16, 1968. compacted so it leaves as a more solid mass, effecting a better discharge. With this rotary snow remover, snow on the ground is engaged by a power-driven auger, moulded to discharge position, and discharged laterally. The rotary impeller rotates about an axis transversely extended from the carriage to enable more efficient snow removal and better control of the discharge from the impeller. Snow picked up is moved to a midpoint on the carriage and is thrown centrifugally through a discharge chute. Before ejection, the snow is US-0873 Picker, H. J. Disposal. U.S. 3,393,462; filed July 30, 1965; issued July 23, 1968. This motor-driven snow or waste material-collecting vehicle has a rotary transverse pick-up conveyor at its forward end which delivers material to a conduit that empties into a heating chamber mounted on the rear portion of the vehicle. Gas burner jets horizontally arranged at various levels heat the chamber. Rotary agitating rollers are mounted in the chamber between the levels of the burner jets. A screen tray is movably mounted in the lower portion of the chamber and a collection tank is positioned beneath the tray. An air compressor feeds air to the jet burners. The pick-up conveyor is mounted in a housing provided with a suction blower impeller driven from the vehicle engine. The various rotary parts of the machine are driven from the vehicle engine through a transmission which may be used to drive the ground-engaging wheels of the vehicle when it is not collecting waste material. 381 ------- StreeC Cleaning Sweepers US0874 Mott, C. W. (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street-sweeping machine. U.S. 2,614,279; filed Jan. 2, 1948; issued Oct. 21, 1952. A street-sweeping machine includes a body with an obliquely upward and forward open front face portion. Brooms are provided for sweeping a surface over which the machine is directed. The sweepings are delivered to the open front face portion. A dirt bucket has its major axis normal to the oblique front face portion and has its upper end cooperatively related to the oblique front face portion to receive the sweepings. The dirt bucket is connected to the sweeper body for movement of the bucket into an elevated position separated from the front face portion. The bucket has a removable portion at a remote end from its open face portion which is displaceable, when the bucket is elevated, for the discharge of the bucket contents. US-0875 Keogh, H. B. Street refuse-collecting and transporting machine. U.S. 2,690,353; filed Sept. 2, 1950; issued Sept. 28, 1954. A street-sweeping machine provides for the transportation and disposal of refuse collected, elevated, and deposited in a hopper mounted on the machine while moving along a roadway. The dirt and rubbish may be discharged from a hopper on the front directly into a disposal vehicle, thereby avoiding the slow and expensive manual shoveling operation. The front position of the hopper makes it clearly visible to the driver. As a whole, the machine is of simple, durable, and inexpensive contruction, efficient in use, and operable by a single person. US-0876 Link, C. T., R. F. Schmidt, and J. S. Gooden (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street sweeper dirt box assembly. U.S. 2,828,037; filed Sept. 24, 1954; issued Mar. 25, 1958., ft; \ street sweeper dire box assembly is arranged within a street sweeper. There is a floor arranged to receive and support 382 ------- dirt, and a pair of side walls, along with at least one end wall to prevent flow of the dirt off the floor. The dirt box may normally be in a generally horizontal dirt-receiving position in relation to the floor, but is arranged to be tilted to a position to discharge the dirt from it. The dirt box may receive dirt directly from a street sweeper broom, but most preferably the sweeper has an upwardly inclined conveyor for receiving dirt from the broom and conveying it upward to discharge it onto the dirt box floor which is disposed underneath an upper portion of the conveyor. One end portion of the dirt box is close to the lower end of the conveyor with the opposite end portion projecting beyond a point in vertical alignment with the upper end of the conveyor so as to make maximum use of the space below the conveyor within the street sweeper. The dirt box is tillable to discharge dirt from the end farthest from the lower end of the conveyor, and about an axis adjacent to that end. The dirt box is arranged to expel its contents when a door on the street sweeper housing is opened. US0877 Schmidt, R. F., and H. A. Leidecker (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street- sweeping machine. U.S. 3,024,485; filed Oct. 30, 1959; issued Mar. 13, 1962. A street-sweeping machine consists of a cylindrically shaped rotary main broom mounted on the machine and driven in rotation to sweep the dirt on the street surface forward. A side broom, also driven in rotation, sweeps the dirt inward. Extending in front and upward from the main broom is a conveyor belt, which carries the dirt into a hopper on the machine. A single unit conveyor frame supports the rolls of the conveyor belt. The frame may be lifted. A pair of side shoes supported at the sides of the conveyor frame extend toward the end of the broom, and have longitudinal edges for sliding along the street surface. Pivotal arms are connected to the shoes at a central spot. A spring connects the forward end of the shoo to the arm, enabling the shoes to pivot freely over obstacles. When the conveyor frame is lifted, the shoes pivot counterclockwise until they hit a stop pin. Arm movement then ceases, and the shoes are lifted up with the frame. US-0878 Schmidt, R. F. , and H. A. Leidecker (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street-sweeping machine. U.S. 3,037,226; filed Oct. 13, 1959; issued June 5, 1962. A cylindrical rotary broom adapted for sweeping street surfaces is the main component of street-sweeping machines. Broom-supporting arms at the two sides of the machine are pivotally mounted and are each connected to the lower end of a bearing. A cross bar extends between the arms, connecting to each at a medial point by ball and socket joints. A ball and socket joint also connects an elevating cylinder and piston to the bar. This allows the individual arms to rock freely. A pair of equalizing springs mounted at their upper ends above the bar extend laterally outward to connect at their lower ends to the bar, thus applying a counterbalancing equalizing force to the 383 ------- Street Cleaning US0879 Schmidt, R. F., H. A. Leidocker, and D. G. Kirk (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street sweeper dirt box- assembly. U.S. 3,162,877; filed Apr. 14, 1964; issued Dec. 29, 1964. In a street-sweeping machine there is a body at the forward end of the sweeper, defining an upward and forward opening dirt hopper housing. Brushes sweep the surface over which the machine is directed and a device is provided to deliver the sweepings to the dirt hopper housing. The dirt hopper is disposed in the housing and has a hopper door swingably mounted and extending along an upper surface of the hopper. There is a sweepings inlet positioned behind the swingable door for receiving sweepings. A pair of hollow side arms are provided for suspending the dirt hopper from the machine, with the arms mounted on arm pivots at rear ends on the side body portions, and pivotally attached at opposite ends with opposite sides of 6/> the dirt hopper. The arms can be pivoted to raise and ]ower the dirt hopper. The mechanism for this comprises a pair of fluid cylinders, each having a ram extended into a hollou area in association with one of the hollov, side arms and joined in coplanar relation with it for compactness. A mechanism is provided for rotating the dirt hopper on its pivots where joined with the hollow side arms. The dirt hopper may also be elevated and moved through an arc to turn the hopper upside down to allow the door to swing open for the sweepings to fall through a discharge outlet. ,'<' 44 J2y ^^;x''v,\,'< '^' VX' V^V^" ' >r ..." \ 53 17 US-0880 Murphy, T. F. Street sweeper. U.S. 3,281,879; filed June 17, 1964; issued Nov. 1, 1966. This street sweeper is designed to have four wheels, and is therefore easy to handle without danger of upset due to off-balance loads. It includes a single gutter sweeper mounted so it can be seen by the operator, thus making operation safer. The sweeper includes a motorized chassis which has a hopper mounted on it for storing debris, etc. A conveyor is 384 ------- mounted on the chassis for conveying the debris into the hopper. There is a pickup broom assembly for sweeping debris into the conveyor, and this assembly comprises a broom with an axle. There is a U-shaped trailer-like frame connected to the vehicle and this has a pair of arms which extend to the rear of the vehicle. An axle support mechanism on the end of the arns receives and retains the axle of the broom. US-0881 Murphy, T. F. Street sweeper. U.S. 3,293,679; filed Aug. 10, issued Dec, 27, 1966. 1965; A street sweeper comprises a chassis with a hopper mounted on the chassis for storing debris. A conveyor Is mounted on the chassis for conveying debris to the hopper. There is a broom operably associated with the conveyor. A pivot frame extends upward to the top of the hopper, and there is a pivot at the upper end and a mechanism for pivoting the hopper about the pivot to dump the hopper to one side of the street sweeper. This empties the collected debits from the hopper. US-0382 Palraiter, D. R. , and E. R. Wilkening (E]gin Sweeper Company), Side broom position indicator. U.S. 3,353,199; filed Oct. 16, 1964; issued Nov. 21, 1967. would use this new side broom position indicator. This control permits the operator to know the precise position of the side broom relative to the road surface and/or the sweeper body. The operator can return the side broom to its original sweeping position after the broom has struck an obstacle. The invention is further concerned with a combination between a side broom position indicator and a floating suspension for a side broom, which would permit travel in an irregular path to follow irregular road contours and sweep the bottom of road depressions. Previous inventions necessitated manual adjustment of side brooms, requiring the operator'to climb out of the cab to make adjustments. Accordingly, this control maintains the sweeper in a more continuous operation without interruption. A street sweeper with a dirt hopper and one or more side brooms for sweeping litter US-0883 Ehrlich, S. V. (Stanley-Western Corporation), Sweeper attachment for lift trucks. U.S. 3,354,489; filed Mar. 16, 1966; issued Nov. 28, 1967. This sweeper attachment for a lift truck includes a bin housing structure supported by ground wheels and a sweeper brush rotatably mounted within the housing. The brush is driven by the ground wheels through a friction drive which incorporates a one-way over-riding clutch to disengage the brush when the machine is moved in reverse. The bin housing is connected to the forks of a lift truck by a floating steering and suspension system which isolates the lift truck movements from the bin structure. When the bin structure is pushed forward by the truck, the brush 385 ------- Street Cleaning sweeps dirt and debris forward into a bin. The materials collected in the bin can be dumped by elevating the entire structure on the forks of the lift truck and by . releasing remotely from the operator's seat a hinged bottom portion of the bin. A unique feature of this sweeper attachment is that it requires no prime mover. The floating steering and suspension system enables the sweeper to be pushed over uneven ground without affecting the sweeping action of the brushes. US-0884 Tamny, S. (Wayne Manufacturing Company), Street sweeper pick-up broom and elevator suspension. U.S. 3,363,274; filed Hay 16, 1966; issued Jan. 16, 1968. r y . // • !_-/. An improved system is provided for lifting a street sweeper b^oon or a trash elevator and for flexibly supporting the broom in sweeping position. A single mechanism is provided to lift the elevator and support the broom in sweeping position with low spring rate. Material-displacing apparatus such as a broom or trash elevator is coordinated with supports which move the apparatus up and down for travel or trash displacement respectively. These supports include a torsion bar and a flexible (chain) line on a rotatable tubular structure for winding and unwinding. An adjustable device ccntrols load-resisting torsional deflection of the torsion bar, to control the degree of letdown of the rotary broom against the street surface. US-0885 Price, H. R., C. J. Adams, and S. Tamny (Wayne Manufacturing Company), Street sweeper hopper dump mechanism. U.S. 3,369,685; filed Dec. 21, 1965; issued Feb. 20, 1968. This street sweeper collects dust and debris for subsequent cisposal. A conveyor transports debris to tre collection chamber. The chamber is equipped with a pusher plate which operates to force collected waste materiel out of the chamber. °\ US-0886 Larsson, H. (Aktiebolaget Huluforsuerken), Machine for removing leaves and other debris from the ground. U.S. 3,409,933; filed May 18, 1966; issued Nov. 12, 196ft' The machine comprises a housing, ground wheels supporting the housing, a power-driven rotatable brush mounted in the housing and limitiig the rear of the inlet opening for throwing leaves towards it, an impeller arranged in the inlet opening, and a shaft for the impeller journaled in the housing parallel to the brush. Shafts are arranged around the impeller shaft, with swingable blades about the shafts. A downwardly hanging plate is located in front of the inlet opening with a pressure roller capable of vertical movement mounted in the housing in front of th= hanging plate, 386 ------- for pressing down the leaves before they reach the intake opening. are operated by hydraulic power supplied from the transporting vehicle. US-0887 Copeland, J. E. Trash pickup and disposal device. U.S. 3,447,179; filed May 8, 1967; issued June 3, 1969. This mobile, self-propelled trash pickup and disposal machine is designed for recreation areas and along highways. It includes laterally movable, rotatable tines or brushes which move paper, bottles, cans, ant other debris on the terrain over which the device travels toward a conveyor X'.'here the debris is deposited on the entry end of the conveyor and is carried to a hopper mounted on the vehicle. A blower is provided for moving the debris from the conveyor into the hopper. The hopper may be raised to dump the debris. The pickup mechanism and t'.ie other end of the conveyor are pivotally mounted with respect to the vehicle so that they may be raised off the ground while the device is being transported. The device is mounted on a tractor or like vehicle, and all components US-0888 Taketa, H. H. Refuse-retrieving device. U.S. 3,451,488; filed Mar. 29, 1967; issued June U, 1969. A compact device, which when in a first position, may be rolled across the terrain of either private or public grounds in either a straight or curved path to retrieve leaves, small pieces of paper, and other trash and deposit them in a hopper, when placed in a second position, may be rolled over a hard surface without damage. The device may be used to perforate the ground with closely spaced openings to provide aeration of the soil $(, and permit maximum absorption of water. The apparatus has a number of longitudinally aligned and spaced toothed rings which are independently rotatable to permit guidance of the device through sharp curves without tearing or otherwise damaging turf over which it travels. Rollers and linkage means are placed in a second position so that the device can move over a hard surface. US-0889 Gehraan, R. P., E. G. Martin, and E. H. Smith (MGS Incorporated), Foam-generating mechanism for dust control. U.S. 3,453,678; filed July 13, 1967; issued July 8, 1969. A. mobile sweeping machine for cleaning paved areas, industrial-type floor surfaces, paved and unpaved thoroughfares, or construction job sites is equipped with a mobile mechanism to minimize the raising of dust. Tbe power- operated mechanism effectively and 387 ------- Street Cleaning inexpensively generates a substantially continuous supply of- foam and spreads it out in a layer of suitable thickness to cover and adhere to a dusty surface. When the foam-covered dust is swept into a powered sweeping machine, no additional carrying capacity for the swept material is required. The foam operates to at least partly wet or moisten the sweepings in a manner which is more effective than when the dust is sprinkled with a water spray, A rotatable brush is located in back of the foam-distributing means and an internal combustion engine rotates the brush in a direction to sweep the foam-penetrated dust into an accumulated mass. US-0890 McCandless, W. (The Scott and Fetzer Company), Hopper for power sweeper. U.S. 3,461,474; filed Sept. 22, 1967; issued Aug. 19, 1969. A power sweeper has a hopper which can be emptied relatively easily with a simple mechanism. The dumping door for the hopper is located at the bottom rear portion with the door actually constituting part of the bottom of the hopper. The door is pivotally mounted on the sweeper and is simply swung tc a position to the rear of the hopper to enable the contents to be emptied by gravity. If the hopper is to be emptied into an elevated receptacle, it can be raised by a relatively simple parallel linkage and fluid-operated cylinder arrangement. 388 ------- ASSIGNEE INDEX AHLSTROM OSAKEYHIIOf A. US-U&2S AIK PKLHEATER CO.* INC. US-U3B4 AJ<_M LABORATORIES* INC. US-U7ti2 AKTItlUOLAGCT HULUFORSuERKEiM AKTILUOLAGLT LANOSVLRK US-U33'* AKTIc-BuLAGET NORDISKA ARMnTURFABRIKERNA US-U513 AKTILOOLAGET SEPARATOR US-U773. US-0774 AKTIEUuLAotlT SVENSKA FLAKTFABRlKEN US-UOlo AKTItSLLSKAUET Gl< I HOSTED VALRKET ALbEMAixLE PAPtR CO. US-U397 AUA-LAVAL AB US-OOlb ALLlLU CHEMICAL CORP. US-OSOb AULIEU STLEL AND TRACTOR PROUUCTSr INC. ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING CO, US-U0^7» Ub-0329. U5-U330> US-Oj67» U5-Ub76 ALPINE AKTIENbESELLSCHAFT US-U609 AMuRoStf S.L.r J. CULLENf AND R.L. PUMMER Ub-Uo^O AMERICAN AIR FILTER CO. « INC. AMERICAN CYANAMIu CO. US-U066 AMERICAN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CORP. US-U307' US-0309i US-U310 AMtRIC/»N DROSS DISPOSAL COi^P. AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION* INC. Ub-J303 AMERICAN METAL CLIMAX. Ulj-Ub25 AMtRiCAN MOTORS CORP. AMERICAN RADIATOR AND STANliARD SANITARY CORP. US-U635 AMLKICAN SMELTING AtJD REhlMNG CO. US-0521 AMERICAN TRACTOR EQUIPMENT CORP. US-U15U ANuERSONr K.G. APEX STLEL CORPORATION* LTD. ARMSTRONG CORK CO. US-u73b ASF GLLITVERSCHULSS G.M.U.H. US-U393 ASHWORlHr C.R.r AND B.G. HOWARD US-Ub96 389 ------- Assignee Index ATlO PRODUCTS CORP. US-01'j'J ATLAS H.OOR SURFACING MACHINERY CO^P. Ub.~uO.i9 ATLAS INCINERATORS. INC. US-U372 AVCO MANUFACTURING CORP. UL,-u631 bAuCOCK AND WILCOX CO. US-UOU.}. US-OOOb. Ub-U271» US-0.i77» 05-0647. US-0753. US-0758 BALLAKu. Iv.O.r AND H.V. c-ONZALES PUIJTA OPERATIONS* INC BANISTc-R CORPORATION US-U752 BAKLOW MANUFACTURING CO. BA\|\|C. US-047S bUfjKLR HILL CO. BUKN.vLLL INCINERATOR CORP. Ub-U2«i2 BUKN-^.uLr INC. 390 ------- Assignee Index CAIRllSi G.» T.R. LEv,ERSi AND G«S. PETTAPIECE CALCINATuii CORP. Ub-u2.J2i U CAi_OlUC APPLIANCE CORP. US-u3u9 CANADIAN FOKEbT PRODUCTS LTD Ub-U508 CANADIAN INL.ERSOLL-RANO CO. LTD. CASE' J.I.» CO. US-OUai Ui>-0b82 CAfEUPiLLAR 1I2ACTOR CO. CELLULoSEFAURIK ATTISHOL^ A. 6. CENTRAL CNGINEERINO CO.r IiJC. Ui-uObir Ub-08!jSi U5-UOb9i US-0,.i60 CENTRAL MARKLTSr INC. US-0374 CErjTRKiLAST CORP. U!j-U6o6 CEnTRlKUGAL AND MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES. INC. Ub-U81fa CHAKLOhNAGLS DC FRANCE CHc.SAPt.AKE COUPORATIOIJ OK VIRGINIA Ub-UbOt> CHEVRON RESEARCH CO. CHICAGO bRIDGE AND IROtJ t.0. Ub-UaUb' US-Oislo CITY T/\NK CORPORATION US-Ub72f US-0701. U3-U703 CLARK EQUIPMENT CO. US-Ulbl» Ub-0200 CLEAN AIR CONTROLS! INC. Ub-0279 CLEAN AIR WASTE REDUCTION CLEGHOKNf J. AND R.A. 01 MEO US-UU16 COMBINED LOCKS PAPER CO. Ub-0779 CO,-ifjUbl ION ENGINEERING' INC. US-U10b» US-03bJ » US-OJo4r US~Oj66» US-0366 COwPAGliIE ELECTRO-CHlMlOUE DU CENTRE CONAIKi INC. Uj-UOOO CONSOLIDATED PAPER LTD. U'j-0b07 CONSOLIDATION COAL CO. us-uoyar ub-oni CONTIIJLNTAL CAN CO. , INC. US-U407 CONTINuNTAL TRANSPORT APPLIANCES LTD. Ub-Ul71 COKNELL-HOSKINSON MANUFACTURING CORP. Ub-u3b9» Ub-0379 CRANE CO. US-0011 391 ------- Assignee Index CRAWFORD AND RUSSELL > INC. Ub-ull3 CULLENi J.r R.L. PUMMER' AuD S-L. AMBROSE Ub-UuSO LJAFF1N COUP. US-0160 UANO INGttMlORFORRETNlNG OG MASKINFAURIK INoENIOR KAJ PETERSLN'S F'oND Ub-UUblr US-U.J31 CO.-.PANY OF CANAOA UEtRL ,!iu CO. U'j-ulVif U DLERL l-iANUfACTUKlUG CO. .K \|jROTiin7» Ul,-0u70. US EQUIPMENT CO. UL'jfJ/\TCH OVL'fJ CO. Ub-u373 DLTROIT LDISOU CO. U'j-02'C4 DE.TROI1 STOKER CO. Uli.OSAtR REDUCTION CHAN'bi.K» INC. US-u30c> DISPOSAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT CORP. U'J-ub'J? DORR-OL.IVLR INC. Ub-U007r US-OeOO» U5-U815» US-Oal7 UOw CHEMICAL CO. US-UOb4( Ub-0795 URESbER IliDUSTRICSf INC. bUNFIX LbTABLIbSEMLNT Ub-UUbt) EAoLE ENollJEERlNG CO. LTu. EAbT CHICAGO MACHINE T00\|_ CORP. Ub-Jb6C. ECoNOtlY BALER CO. Ub-0572 f L.E.» H.V. GRlFFITTSi AND P. ELOlN bwEEPER CO. Ub-U87U. US-0676r US-UB77. US-0878i US-0879. US-0882 LMERSOr< ELECTRIC CO. Ub-0u4't ENURES r D.J.r AND J.M. ENURES Ub-OUo7 ENTERPRISE RAILWAY EQUIPMENT CO. ENVIRON. INC. Ub-Ub"39 ESCHLR UYGS AKTIENGESELLGCHAFT Ub-U7bl» U5-0770 ESSO RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CO. US-0103« Ub-0604 EUREKA WILLIAMS CORP. Ub-Ut.23> U' LVANSr R.LI. US-U729 392 ------- Assignee Index F-AIRdAiJKS MORSE INC. US-u330 FA1RF1LLU ENGINEERING CO. Ub-U0b2 F-Ahb.vL.UK HOECHST AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT VORMALS MEISTER LUCIUS AND GRuNlNG US-U1U9 FAKB.iLuKE MOECHST AKTIENbESELLSCHAFT US-ublb FAKH Lu. Ub~u74L> FD US-0361 FRANCIOUl R.» F. FtRRlSS,* J.R. GAlNFORT» F.L. PINOLA. W. BROSCH. AND G. GASPARINI FRUEHAUF CORPORATION Ub-U692i Ub-0693 FRUEHAUF TRAILER CO. US-U013 FULLER CO. U'j-u344r US-075b GA1NFOKT. J.R.i F. KERRlSSr F.L. PINOLA. W. BROSCHr G. GASPARINlf AND K. FRANC I ON I US-Utl02 GALE> JOHN A.r CO. US-0394 GALIOI4 METALLIC VAULT CO. Ub~ull4 GAR ivOOD INDUSTRIES. INC. US-Ob76r US-070G» US-072%. US-0732 GAKBAGL SERVICE C0.» INC. US-U057» U'j-0060i US-0036 GAKOEfJ STATE PAPLR CO.f INC. US-Ub>U9» US-Obl2» US-UblU GARRET T CORPORATION GASPARINI , G.f F. FERRISS» J.R. GAINFORTr F.L. PlNOLAr W. OROSCH. R. (-RANCIONI GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. US-U225. US-0227f US-0230* US-OU03» US-OblOr US-0624r US-0632r US-Ub40. US-0794 GEHERAt. MOTORS CORP. US-02J6» US-0239 GENT ILL i P.» AND S.V. BOWLES US-0674 393 ------- Assignee Index GILBERT* L.M. AND S>.W. JOHNSON US-U116 GIVEN MACHINERY CO. US-U654 GOL/EK INCINERATOR CORP. Ub-UcbO GOODMAN MANUFACTURING CO. Ub-Ub04 GOODRIO INCINERATOR CO. PROPRIETARY LTD. Ub-u2S)4 GONZALLbi H.V.» W.D. BALLARD US-Ub"o9 GRIFFITTSr H.V.» L.L. KDWAKDS. AND P. US-U175 GULF KLSEARCH AND DtVELOPMENT CO. US-UtuU H. AND E. TRUCKING CO. Ub-ubflt HACKLTT' CLARENCE A.» INC. Ub-0002 HAGAN INDUSTKIESr IrJC. Ub-U32^» Ub-036b HANStlN* R. us-olua HAi71o HEhBCLINr F.J.» S.Y. TAYLORr W.F. NEALE Ub-U57fl HERCULES CALION PRODUCTS, INC. US-Ul31» U3-OG90, US-0711f US-0715, US-0723 HILLS bROTHERS COFFEEr INC. US-U770 HITACHI CHEMICAL CO. Ub~-U0a7 MANUFACTURING CO. HOLCOKo» J.C.r J.C. YARBOROUGH» J.T. MENGES Ub-UU27 HOLMS 1NOUSTRI A.U. UG-Uby<+ HOMELINE CORP. HOUDRY PROCESS CORP. Ub-uuoa HOvEY, C.E. HOv,Al ------- Assignee Index ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS, INC. US-U429 INCINERATOR PRODUCTS CO. US-u221 INSINOURITOIMISTO-EN6 INHERING BUREAU US-0787 INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY US-Ubb6 INTERNATIONAL EWESO^ CORP. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. US-U150 INTERNATIONAL INCINERATORS INC. US-U208 INIERNATIONAL PATENT AND DEVELOPMENT CORP. Ub-0591 INTERNATIONAL V1BRO, INC. US-U073 INVENTA A.G. FUER FORSCHUNG UNO PATENTVERWERTUNG US-OOI2 10wA STATE COLLEGE RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. US-Ub61 JACKSONVILLE bLO,v PIPE CO. US-U270 JAGENbLHb-WERKE AG JEFFREY MANUFACTURING CO. US-U626 JENSEN » L. US-U145 JOFFLr J.S.r G.S. PFAUSr AND R.A. POSNtR JOKNb-MANVlLLE CORP. JOHNSOiNi, S.W., AND L.M. GILBERT Ub~ulio jOuESr C.E.I w.c. HENRY, AND THRU-WAY EQUIPMENT co. JOY MANUFACTURING CO. US-U170 KAISt_K ALUMINUM AND CHLM1C,,L CORP. KAISLR INDUSTRIES CORP. US-Ub^2i US-0^07 KALl-CnEHIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT KELLER AND KNAPPICH G.M.b.H. US-US92 KERSHArt MANUFACTURING CO., INC. US-u8o9 KEY EQUIPMENT CO., INC. US-u7b7 KING, ,v.J. US-08U9 KNOX, L. US-U299 KOCH, GEOKGEr SONS, INC. US-u3Ub KOHL bOTTLZ RECEIVING CO. KOrtLINE-SANJERSON ENGINELHlNG CORP. Ub-UObO, Ub-UUlO 395 ------- Assignee Index KOOPr b.L.r L. HASSKAMP. M.H. MURPHY r I.H. ROTHr P.M. HASbKAxPf R.J. HASSKAMP. K.J. HASbKAMPr AND P. A. HAbbKAKP US-OB6b KOPPERb CO. » INC. LANDbOUWWERKTUlGEN- EN MACHINEF AUR1EK H. VISSERS N.V. Ub-U051 LANDlb TOOL CO. DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. Ub-U77b LEACH CO. Ub-0b69» US-0697» US-07U7* US-0712i US-0718 LEE» KAYMOND* ORGANISATIONS INC. LEHlfaH VALLcY COAL bALES CO. Ub-OO^b LEIS MANUFACTURING co. Ub-U017 LESCHlfJbKYf F.P.f AND E.S. WALDIE Ub-Ul7b LET2 MANUFACTURING CO. Ub-U606 LErtERbf T.R.r G. CA1RNS» A\|.jD G.S. PETTAPIECE US-U264 LErflbr E.C.» AND ALUMA5C LTD. Ub-0417 LILLIS10N IMPLEMENT CO. Ub-0b7i LITTLL. ARTHUR D.» INC. Ub-U293r US-0472 LOCKLLY MACHINE CO. LOUAL INC. US-0726 L06EMANN BROTHERS CO. LOKD M/\YOR» ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF LIVERPOOL. ENGLAND Ub-blbl LOb ANC.ELES BY-PRODUCTS CO. Ub-0742 MACH1ULFADRIEK REINEVELD. (J.V. US-0777 MAERZ OFENL3AU AG Ub-u5tl MAEbTAb. T.E.r AND UOENGLb-LONG MOTORS. INC. Ub-u739 MAJEbTIC CO. MARION MACHINE CO. US-ul'tl MASCHlULijFAkjRIK AUGSBURG-NuRNuERG AKTIEtgGESELLSCHAFT Ub- UI.U8 MAbSLY-HAHRIS-FilRGUbON (SALES) LTD. Ub-0l47» Ub-0148 MATTHLKib. W.O.. P.M. OLIVLR* P.E. OLIVLR ub-uiia MAYTab CO. M-U CORPORATION Ub-0713 MC ALLISIERi WILLIAM J. 396 ------- Assignee Index MENGESr J.T.i J.C. YARBOROUGHr J.C. HOLCOM3 Ub-u427 LA MERL INDUSTRIES r INC. KEbSEN-JASCHIN. G.A. US-u7b9 METALChAFT MANUFACTURING CORP. METALLuEbfLLSCHAFT AKTIEUGL'SELLSCHAFT Ub-00d2» Ub-0133r US-Uoo2 MElALb DISINTEGRATING CO.f INC. US-U6b4 METROPOLITAN WASTE CONVERSION CORP. us-uoae MGb INC. Ub-U809 MICROCYCLOMAT CO. US-ObbO MIU-CONTIHENT METAL PRODUCTS CO. US-U370 MIDWEST METAL PRODUCTS CO. US-U249 MINE AND SMELTER SUPPLY CO. US-U-u784 t MIUlSTi-R OF POWER* IN HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINIGuOM OF GRLAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND US-U553 MINNCSU7A MINING AND MANUFACTURING CO. US-U6S5 MlTCHLLLf JOHN E.» CO. US-0043 MOuAY CHEMICAL CO. MOUILL INCINERATORS* INC. MODOC PEAT MOSS CO. US-OObbr US-0620 MONROE AUTO EQUIPMENT CO. Ub-0122 MONSANTO CO. US-U822 MORSE bOULGER DESTRUCTOR CO. US-U312» US-Oo98 MOoDY* R.T. AND MC ENGLEVAN HEAT TREATING AND MANUFACTURING CO. US-U148 MURPHY. M.H.r I.H. ROTHr F.H. HASSKAMP* S.E. KOOPr L. HASSKAMP* R.J. HASSKAMP. K.J. HASSKAMP* AND P. A. HASSKAMP US-U866 MUSTEE. E.L. AND SONS* INC. US-0355 MYERS-SHERMAN CO. US-U8b6 NASSAU SMELTING AND REFINING CO.. INC. Ub-Ub<2 NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. US-U792 NATIONAL RUHUER MACHINERY CO. US-UG31 US-0633 NATURUER CO. US-U067» US-0071 397 ------- Assignee Index NEALE* W.F.r S.Y. TAYLOR* ^ .J. HERJELIN U'.,-U570 NELSON EQUIPMENT co. UG-U102 NEW LIF-E FOUNDATION NICHOLS ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH CORP. US-U349 NIPPON KOKAN KAUUSHIKI KAISHA Ub-Uo02 NISHlGAHARA* H.S.* AND FUJI SPINNING CO. LTD. NOKMAN* W.F.t SHCET METAL MANUFACTURING CO. Ub-U22fa NOnMANUA MINES* LTD. US-054S NOi	------- Assignee Index PETTAPIECEr G.S.i T.R. LEWERSi ANU &. CAIRljS US-l.i2b'* PHILLIPS PLTKOLEUM co. PlNOLA* F.L.i F. FEKRISSi J.R. GAINFORT» W. BROSCHi G. R. FRANC I ON I HKt-NtO MANUFACTURING CO. UJ-0272 PHOLLH bTf^tL CORP. PULLMAN (!V\7ENT) PRODUCT LTD. U:>-U497 PULP AIJU PAPER RLSEARCH INSTITUTE OF CANADA PULPAfiAC* INC. Uj-0010 PUMMLKr R.L.» J. CULLENi AND S-L. AMBROSE C0.( ANU SHARONIZEu bTLEL CO. US-U616 RADER PNEUMATICS ANU ENGINEERIfJG CO.r LTD. US-U327 KEEOf i-l. T.» CONSTRUCTION CO. REICHHOLU CtCMlCALSr INC. US-U763 REPUBLIC MOLDING CORP. RESEARCH PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING CO. US-UOOJ RILEY STOKER CORP. RObERT^ONr E. US-Obl7 RO-EU LNOINEERING CO.r IiviC. US-U201 ROLLS-KOYCE OF CANAUAf LTU- US-U603 ROTH> I.H.f S.E. KOOPf L. HASSKAMPi M.H. MURPHY » K.H. HASbKAMPi • R.J. HASSKAMP» K.J. IIASbK/\MPf AND P. A. HASSKAKP s. AND F. co. Ub-0306 SAFEwAY STORES' INC. US-ublb SAFFuRt-ir E.r rf.E. ELLIS* AND T. SINGLETON ST. REoIS PAPER CO. SALVAJOR CO. US-U6J6 SANITARY DISPOSAL CORP. US-U049 SCtlNEH.LEr C.u. L.M.i MANUFACTU«ING CO. US-UB1S SCIENTISM LABORATORIES SCoTT nND FET2ER CO. US-U090 399 ------- Assignee Index SCOTT PAPER CO. US-UblOr US-OblS SKM CORPORATION Ub-Ubb7 SHANMANr JEROME i D. U3-OSJ74 SHARPLLS CORPORATION Uo-U76b"» US-07uo SHrtTTLK KING MANUFACTURING CO. > INC. SHtNANuOAH MANUFACTURING C0.» INC. US-U378 SHO'HLKDf C.F. Ub-0b60 SILENT GLOW OIL BURNER CORP. Ub-U^U4. Ub-0206» US-U2ol» US-OH37, US-0288 SILVER ENOlNEtRING wORKSr INC. SIMPLLX INCINLRATOR CORP. US-U2U6 SINCLAIR REFINING CO. US-UOU9i Ub-0090 SMITHf A.O.. CORP. US-U047 SMITH* A.O.i HARVESTORE PRODUCTS INC. US-OGbO SOCIETL ANNONYME FkANCAISL POUR LA SEPARATION- L'LMULSION ET LE MLLANOt US-0775 SOCIETL U'ELLCTRO-CHIMIE D'ELECTRO-METALLURGIE ET DES ACIfRlES ELECTKIUUES u'UblMt. SOCIETL A RESPONSABILITE LIMITEE SOLVENTS RECOVERY SERVICE OF NEW JLRStYr liJC. US-U2bl SOMAT CORPORATION US-U630 LA SOUuURE AUTOGENE FRAMtAISL US-U210r US-U336 SOUTHLkN LUMBER CO. Ub-0499 SOUTHERN WELDING AND MACHINE CO. SOUTHWC.ST FACTORIES* INC. Ub-U566 SPLNCEK TURblNE CO, US-U033 SPERKY RAND CORPORATION US-0613» US-Ou8b« U SPUN1/L CO. OF AMERICA Uii-U'+bl STANUAxO ENGINEERING CO. Ub-Ubll STANLEY-WESTERN CORPORATION US-UHB3 STARLliJLf INC. STEEL PRODUCTS ENGINEERING CO. Ub-UO^l STt_ELCRAFT CORP. US-U3bO» US-0376 400 ------- Assignee Index STEERE ENTERPRISES INC. US-U4.57 STEINLKT ELEKTROMAGNETORAU US~U7bO STL.INMULLER. L. AND C.» fa.M.B.H. US-U274 STIRLING SINTERING CO. Ub-U477 STGNL AND WEBSTER ENGINEERING CORP. US-U091 STKATEbIC MATERIALS CORP. US-Ubbl. Ub-0bb2 STKATTON EOUIPi-IENT LCT. US-U670 SWIFT AND co. US-U826 TACKr JOHNr AND SONS US-0128 TALDEKl' CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT CO. US-U127 TAMAKLK CORP. US-UbSJO TAYLUR- S.Y.. F.J. HERDELlNr AND W.F. US-Ub78 TEK-0-i-iOTIVE> INC. US-0135 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY TEiL. UNION CARiilDE CORP. US-U536 UNION LUHoER CO. US-Ub02 UNlVERbAL OIL PRODUCTS CO. US-U783 U.S. GYPSUM CO. US-U743 u.s. INDUSTRIES. INC. Ub-0016 U.S. RUBBER CO. U.S. RUBBER RECLAIMING CO.. INC. US-U464 U.S. SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE US-U4db» US-0400 U.S. SECRETARY OF THE ARMY Uj-U209. US-0213 401 ------- Assignee Index U.S. SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR U.S. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY US-U270 U.b. STEEL CORPORATION USS AbKl-CHEMKALS, INC. US-U82U VAc-U-i-iAX CORP. US-ulMO VALLEY WELDING AND BOILER CO. Ub-u21b VOU ROLL AG VUYKt >,. EN ZONEU'S SCHELPSWLKVEN ;,«V» US-UU14 VYLACTuS LABORATORIES r INC. WALDlEi E.S.r AND F.P. LESCHlNSKY WALLACL AND TIERIJAN CO.f iuC. US-U002 WASTC COMBUSTION CORP. Ub-U3U5 WAbTE KING CORPORATION US-U037 WASTE PROCESSES, INC. US-UObb> US-0077 hAYtJE MANUFACTURING CO. US-U884r US-0005 P.» H.V. GRIFFlTTSr L.E. EDWARDS WESTERN BODY AND HOIST CO., INC. US-U719 V«ESTt.RU PRECIPITATION CORPORATION Ub-u767 V.ESTLKU RESEARCH ANU SCIENTIFIC LAuORATORlESr INC. Ub-0601 V^EiTLHn STATES MACHINE CO. US-UUOu WESTlNbHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP. US-U23B, U^-Oc41r US-oaS5, US-0628* US-0762 WHIRLPOOL CORPORATION Ub-U317, US-03bH WHiTINu CORP. US-uOii WILBRO CORP. US-U467 WILLAMETTE HYSTER CO. Ub-ulJo WO.^A-AHPARATEUAU WOLFGANG MAASBERG AND CO., G.M.Q.H. WOOD, b.B.» AND D.D. WOOD US-070H WOODUbL, INC. Ub-UbOl YAROORuUOH, J.C., J.C. HOLCOMEjr AND J.T. MENGES YEOMANS BROTHERS CO. US-0001 YOUNu, WILLIAM E. /AREc'.hA CO. US-U771 402 ------- INVENTOR INDEX AALKUbTf P. US-OOU2 ADAKS. C.J. US-0«lfj ADAMS i P.R. US-0072 AUUISr o.I. U'o-0b3b AJUK>> F.'J. us-oy.il AKLKLUIJU* F.E. Ub-0u92 ALBERTbON» O.E. ALEXANDER- E.C. US~01tj2 ALLEto D.D. US-OOlo ALLEN • I.B. AMLNTt A.L. US-UU40 AMt-Gr J.G. US-0216- Ub-021/ ANULI^LN. L.h. ANULRSOiii C.A. US-O^M^t ANOLRSOIIr U.A. Ub-013i! ANULRSONr i.R. US-07'7 ANULKSONr J.IJ. US-Ob49 AfitiflRiOUr K.G. U'.-022a ANULHSOtJr L.R. ANDERSON r O.l'i US-0711 ANDRE AE» H.G. US-OOlb ANORLnSr L.V. ANKL"RSL!J» O.K. ANSTLt' L.L. US-U60'j APPLLMrtN» U.S. Uro-(Jh03 AKGEK^IUOERr J.I. Ub-03t>a ATKINSON i R.L. ATTEiiERRYr C. U;,-0267 BADGLEYr J.E. Ub-O'UO HAHMtr R.Q. BAILLYr C.R. Ui,-0t60 UAKERr H.R. Ub-0278 OAKKl.Rr L. BALbJr V.L. US-0730 BALDIr T.T. U'j-0t>95 BALLAllTYNEt C.R. Ub-0050 DALL;^ROf W.D. Ub-0b69 BARHt.5> C.H. Ub-0t,89 BARNtSf H.G. Ui,-0794 BARNLTTE. L.M. Us-0i)63 BARRo'.v'Si A.C. BARRY > L.D. BARTnOLOnEWr R.E. Ub-0723 BARTurir H.P. Ub~07ol BARTU» F. US-0541 JATHr W.H. Ub-0765» US-0766 BAUCKE» H. BAUER > W.J. Ub-0101 BAYERr H. tiECKtRf B.M. US-07H3 BECKLRi F. BELIK» L. U.,-0109 BELLAMY. W.D. IX J.W. U5-0'l2'f BENT. U.H. US-OltO BERG. B.L. US-0 ------- Inventor Index BERL, E. U5-OB19 BEST I AN, H. US-0516 BEYER, C.J. US-0')09 BEYERS, M.E. U5-0190 BIDDLE» R.S. US-0271 BILLINGS. R.P. US-0179 BIRCHr C.K. US-OQ3b BISZANTZ, F. US-0114, US-0131 BJORKLUNU, A. US-U621 BLACKi C.H. US-0032 BLACK, R.L. US-0040 BLANKENSHIP, E-B. US-OH03 BLANSHINE, A.W« US-Obl3 BLATCUfORD, J.K. US-0317 BLOOKFIELO, S. US-0405 BLOOMGUIST, P.R. US-0763 BLUM, D.J. US-0222 BLUM, J.K. US-0222 BLUM, R.C.. US-0222 BOEGER, H. US-Of,73 BOEGER' M. US-0&73 BOIVIN' R.G. uOLL, C.H. US-0201 bOLL, R.H. US-U758 UOOW-Rr U.K. US-ObOl liOOTHr G.M. US-0002 bORGGRCLN, G. US-OlOb bOUGHMAN, G.A. bOURNLR, ILL. US-U212 bOUTKELL, W.k. UOwERS, H.A. US-OU03 bOWLES, S.V. US-067H. US-0722 UOYD, A.C. US-0101 bOYD, U.E. US-0295, Ub-05tiii UOYD, J.A. US-029b, Ub-OSSb URAFF, J.A. Uj-OuOO BRANDT, J.B. US-0205, US-0291 bRANDTb, T.G. US-Ob07 BRANSON, J.E. US-0574 BRAT2LEK, K. US-OOU2 bRAUN, W. US-0382 bRAWN, J.S. US-OblO BRAYTON, A.M. US-0049 bREIDENbAUGH, C.P. US-0342 UhENNAN, B.E. US-OOlb bRINKMANNr F. US-D3J5 bRISSOtJ, J.R. US-0726 UROOME, J.C. US-04^9 LlROPHY, J.w. US-0272 BROWN' M.P. Ub-019B BROWN • R.E. Ub-0701, US-0703 UROWNr V. Us-OObt, US-0080 BROYARD, Y. BRUCKEN, B.L. US-0235 BRUNtL, H. Ub-0027 BRYAljT, J.G. BUDD, W.L. Ub-0807 BUEN, A. A. US-0497 BUMGARNER, R.L. BURCH' C.J. t J.J. US-Ob<+3 BURGON, W.F. Ui>-0b08 404 ------- Inventor Index 13URKERT, D.G. Ub-0436 BURKLAND C.W. Ub-0646 BURNS* J.J. Ub-0285, US-0291 BURROUGHS* E.E. US-0<+b7 BURTON* R.E. US-Ob02 OUSEY* J.J. Ub-0430 BUTTERWORTH* A. A. Ub-0b34 CAINr H.H. Ub-0568 CAIRNS* G. Ub-0264 CALAMORE* J.P. Ub-0672 CALCAGNO. A. Ub-0696 CALL, D.H. Ub-0307, US-0309, Us-0310 CAMPbELLr D.L. Ub-0804 CAKPbELL. O.E. CAMPuELL. W.W. Ub-0302 CARLbSON. P.M. US-0070 CARMEL. W. US-0555 CARRIGAN* E.D. US-0372 CARSONf A.B. US-0383 CARTER* J.W. US-0198 CARTER' M.W. US-Oi+93 CASSADYr H.P. US-0239 CATESr H.J. US-0208 CHAIR, N.C.S. US-OH79 CHARLES* R.E. US-060b CHARNESKI, M.Q. CHARTIERr E.D. us-oiaa CMATRENETr A. US-0195 CHORNEY* P.L. US-06'43 CHRIST I ANSONr L.M. US-0791 CHRISTOl'HEL, R.L. US-0378 CHROSTIANCE* H«C. US-0193 CLAPPERTON* E.T. US-0501 CLAR* M. US-OS97 CLARK» J.R. US-OU70 CLARK* R.A. US-0369 CLARKE-POUNDER* I.J. US-0789 CLAUSEH, R.C. US-0395 CLEGHORN* J. US-041& CLEMENT, F.L. US-0679 CLEMENT. R.E. US-0299 CLOSE* S. US-0228 COATS* G.E. US-01b!3 COBEY* T. US-0062 COLEMAN, G.W. US-U676 COLEMAN, J.D. US-0292 COLESi H.L. US-0231 COLL I SON* E.O. Ub-OoOO COMLiER* I.R. US-0016 COMUS* W.H. US-0638 CONDC* J.C. CONC* C.D. CONNELL* J.M. US-0347* U'o-0381 CONNER* G.O. US-U663 CONSTANT IN£* D. US-0391 COOK* T. US-OOtt LOPELAND* J.E. US-0887 COSS* G.R. US-Ub23* Ub-0629 COULSON* L.J. US-0488 COWAN* A. A. US-0420 CRAIG* S.N. US-Oo38 CRAM* H.G. US-0779 405 ------- Inventor Index T.A. M^-0072 CRAWFORD r o. Ub-OU3 CRAWFORD* L. US-0189 CROWE i W.W. US-029U CUSTER, H.ta. UAHLMAN, E.Dt US-0124 UAIL, J.P. US-0042 UALBERG, H. US-U485 DALOERG, L.E. DAMAN. A.C. US-078t Ub-08b3» US-0855. US-0859' US-0860 DARlN» J.K. DAUtRr M. US-0209 DAVENPORTf US-04U2 DAVISr H.G US-Otl3 DAVlSr N.E Ub-00'43 DAVIS. N.S US-0823 DEA> S.J. J.F. DE JONGr F. DELCELLIER. H.A. US-0793 DEMPSTER. G.R. Ub-0675 DENlGf F. U3-0319 DILLlARO. A.E. Ub-0705 OIVELSISS. G.K. US-0'38 OOREY» G.Q. Ub-0171 DOUGLASS. E.T. Ui>-0268 DOW» R.A. US-0710 DOYLE. L.O. Ub-0372 DRESSER. W.C. Ub-0066 DRUCKEN. B.L, Ub-0239 OUKAS. J.K. Ub-0024 DUNAGAN. E.L. DUNAoAN. K.M. US-Ot'»7 DUNAoAN. L.P. DUNCAN L.L. Ub-0809 DUVAL. L.A. DV1RK/;. -.. US-0322. DrtYER. W.M. US-0251 DYER, C.R. US-0448 DYSON, M.W. EARLE, G.L.C. US-0219 EASTMAN, W.A. EATON, L.E. US-0163 EDWARDS, G.W. US-0775 EHLERMANNi H. US-0730 EHREN2ELLER, W-S. US-0307, US-0309. US-0310 EHRLICH, S.V. US-0883 El DAL, R.M. US-056G ELGIN, J.C. 115-0(404 ELMORE, M.E. US-O'jJb ELWICK, K.D. US-0036, US-0839 EMMET, E. US-0058 ENDRES, J.M. U5-OB67 ENGDAHL, R.B. US-0301 ENGLF, A. US-0604 ENRIGHT, J.H. US-0644 ERIMY, W. US-0837 EVANS, E. US-0721 EVANS, T.L. EWESON, E.rf. US-0074, US-0078 EWING. C.H. US-0628 406 ------- Inventor Index FACCIO, F. US-0391 FAIRMAN, A.H. US-Ob'53 FARHFR. L. US-049B fAKBERr H. U5-04U2 FARR, R.S. UC-07'tb FEIOERT, J. US-U699 hELT» G.H. US-Olfiu HELTS, W.M. U'j-0013 hENAILLE. P. US-0210 f-ERGUSOU, G.b. U'J-lUi2U FERfJANDLb, J.H. US-U366 (-EKRAR1, W.A. US-0711 t-EKRIS» H.J. K.G. HLRRlSSr F. Ub-0002 l-CKKOr T. US-0340 l-LWSTt:i<» J. US-U12b US-0100 FIUULAY. G.A. US-0594 hINNf C.O. US-OU42 FISCHER* A.J. US-U75b FISHLRf e;.F. US-0031 USHtRr W.M. U5-0263 FLETCHLRf E.W. US-0'j6<» FLOr.LRSf F.F. US-Ulbo FLOwLK'Ji G.H. FOCHr P. US-Ob6b l-OCIIT. C.K. US-Ot>13 FONTAJNLr P.J. US-ObOl FONTAlNLf R.A. US-0119 FORD, L.M. U'j-03bOr US-0376 FORMAINI- R.L. Ub-0b05 F05TLR» T.W.F. FOTH, M.S. Us-0073 FOX, R.L. Ub-0600 FRALICK, K.A. U'j-0453 FRANK, P. A. Us-0631 FRANkELr O.P. Uj-Oall FRAUKLIN, D.M. Ub-OJbO FREE, D. Us-0327 FREEUf t.A. Us-0736 FREYLRr U.R.H. FREYERr L.F. U'o-0196 FRITZ, L. Ub-07bO FRIT^, R. Ub-0750 GAINl-ORT, J.R. Ub-0343, U5-0802 GALE, J.A. Ub-osg^ GALLOWAY, V.A. r F.S. Ub-0217 GARDNER, W.A. Ub-0381 GAST, R.C. Ub-0723 GATHLRCOLE, C.B. Ub-OBOO GEBHARTr N.H. Ub-0037 GERMAN, R.P. US-0889 GELBMANr L.F. GERAGHTY, C.J. Ub-00b5» US-0820 GILLETTE, S.G. GIRARDr P. Ub-0210 GLAUWIN, F.R. US-0507 GNAEDItJGER, J.P. US-0(\|76 GOOEL, A. US-03b7 GOUER, R. U5-0203 407 ------- Inventor Index GOETZ, W.J. US-0185 GOlNSr R.R. US-0112 GOLui'-KRG, I. HAMMELLr K.M. HANCE, E.A. GOLDMAN, A.J. US- 054 4 GOLLNICK, C.R. US-0697, US-0707r U5-0712, US-071B GOODF.Nr J.S. US-0876 GOODMAN, J.F. US-0686 GOODMAN, J.P. US-0134 GOOSSCNS, G. US-0012 GOUiiY, H.D. US-0069 GOTTESMAN, US-0402 GOUGH, B.C. US-0464 GOWN A, W.L. U5-01H9 GRAHAM, J.L H. GRAHAM • K.P. US-OU86 GREEN, L.B. US-0619 GREENFIELD., G. US-0821 GREER» H.M. US-0<+20 GRONERf T.A. US-ObOO GUERCHOUX, C.S. U5-0201 GUY, M.F. US-0340 GWINN, J.M. US-0676, US-0706 HACKETT, C.A. US-Ob82 HACKETT, K.J. US-06B2 HAEDIKEr E.J. US-0370 HAGEN» B.E. US-041'J HAHN, A.E. US-0202 HAIDLER, J.V. HAIIJE5, U.R. US-0148 hAKULINr U.K. US-Ufa25 HALEY, O.A. HANCOCK., J.E. US-0200 HANSEN, H. US-U269 hANSEN, R.D. US-0331 HARDCROVEf R.M. US-0647 HAKUIUGE» H. HARDY, W. Uc-,-OG'j2 HARKER, J.R. US-0226 HARRER, P.M. US-057C. HARRISON, A.E. US-0211 HARTLEY, H.J. US-0313, U HASbKAMP, F.C. US-0666 HAUOHTONf iit US-0161 HAUK, H. US-0109 HAW, S.G. U5-07S2 HAZARD, H.R. HEUERT, J.W. US-U21br Ub-0232, US-0234 HECK, E.E. US-0435 HEIDLANU, C.E. U5-OU64 HEIIJ, G.M. U^-0301 HCITZ, C.T. Ub-0261 HELDLNBRAND, R.C. HELLLUR, D.E. Ub-01507 HENKf H. Ub-0120 HENKIN, M. Ub-0411 HENRY » W.C. US-0731 HERMANIf L. HERP1CH, W.A, Ub-067b« US-0690, Ub-07l4» US-0715 HERTRICH, J. Us-0006 HILBLRT, F.E. Ub-0638 408 ------- Inventor Index HILL. G.U. Us-0577, US-O'jQl HILLr H.W. Us-0034 HILL, J.L. US-0661 HILLMAN. G.L. HILLS' L.W. Uj-0770 NINE. L.P. Us-0303 HINGST, G.F.W. Us-0002 HINKLBElN, J.A, Us-0822 HOLIFIELD, R.B. Ub-0854 HOLLEY, J.D. HOOKtRr R. US-0113 HOOVtR' A.K. Us-0693 HOPKINS' R.M. Ub-0b07 HOPKltJSr S. HOSKlNSONf G.H. US-0359r US-U379 HOWAKUr U.G. Ub-0b96 HOWEf A.F. Uf)-OGl8 IIOWELL- J.MCC. UE.-Ob02 HUlSBAHIIr P.J. US-OG17 HUCK» W.L. US-01b9 HUDSONr J.W. US-0»24 HUGHCSt U.S. US-0771 HUKKIr R.T. US-0707 HUMES r C.L. HUNTfR, H.G. US-0137 HUWST. T.U. US-0753 HUTCHISONr G.T- US-0011 HUVAL» M. US-0796 HYDE' R.W. US-063b I LANDER, N. US-0^>13 ILLINGWORTH' R.H. us-0509' u-j-n IMAUAlil' H. US-0749 INDBRYiJ, L. US-0212 ITOH, S. US-0087 JACKER1IIG, G. US-07(il JACOBS' J.H. US-0296 JACOBSON, R.D. US-0066 JEFFREYS, G.A. US-0068 JEMAL, E.J. US-0491 JENSEN' L. US-0145 Jc.RtJSTROM< K.W. US-0604 JOAr C.G. US-OGlO JOFFE' J.S. US-0487 JOHNSON, A.F. US-0551, US-0552 JOHNSON, L.F. US-Ob67 JOHNSON, P.J. US-U339 JOHNSON, S.W. US-011G JONES, A.J. US-Oo48 JONES, B.L. US-0431 JONES, C.E. US-U731 JONES, H.W. US-01'j7, US-0670 JONES, J. US-0045 JONES, J.A. US-0431 JONES, L.D. US-0765 .JORDAN» C.H. US-0446 JORDAN, H. US-0634, US-0637 JUNCKr J.A. US-0198 JUNG, R. US-0274 OUNO, A.K. US-OOG2 JUKISICH, J.M. US-0097 KALIKAr P,h. US-03»1 KAMIN, L.F. US-070b, Ub-0709 409 ------- Inventor Index KANDLEr L.A. US-Ob57 KAKPAC» J.A. US-OJ04 KAUTZr H.P. US-0741 KAY> D. US-03S1 KLALY. J. US-OB26 KEEtJEr A.T. US-0218 KLLLr L.L. US-0613 KELLER. L.L). KELLEY. R.A. US-0387 KELLOGG > C.«. US-OObO KELLb» E.L. Ub-0806 KLLLY» M.J. Ub-02o5> Ui-0291 KI:MPLR» H.L. Ub-0638 KEIJNt.OY» R.R. Ub,-00t>5r US-0020 KtlNTr P.M. Ub-0019 KEOGH» H.U. Ub-087b J.A. KuRRr W.T. KILGORE* W.E. US-0397 KILMLR» W.M.ti. U'j-0808f US-0615 KIMUKAr K. Uu-0fa02 KlMUl ------- Inventoi Index LAMBERT, 13. F. US-OW6 LANARUr F.W. US-0?09 LANGFOKD, G.W. US-Or>72 LANYOMt R.P. US-02H1 L ARSON, J.u. US-DObl LARSON, v. .C. ' U'.;- lib 21 LARSSON, h. US-Ooflo LAUTKKuACHr J.F. US-0198 ULAr N.'J. us-obior u^-o L.EATHAM. E. US-U302 LECIILKi J. US-ObbU LEL» A.L. US-OU98 LELr K.L. US-0 006 LEHMAN • (<•. US-0412 LLIDECKt.K' H.A. US-Oo77, U' LE LAUIUUr L.A. US-O/UO LLONOKr M.F. US-Obl7» Ub-O LE PAGL r H.A. US-Uo'jb LESCHIUbKYr F.P. US-Ul7o LE TOURfJT.AUr f<.G US-0167 LETZt W.H. US-Ob06 LEWERS, T.R. LOANEr L.b. U'j-0677 LEhlS. f. .C. US-UH17 LlUEEtJ, E.J. US-U^07 LIEUKANr A.J. US-Oodb LlNUEr Il.T. US-U'^U D.W, l I..H. US-0421 US-Oub3 LINK' (. . T. US-0679 H.J. LOHSTOl.TEHr J.E. Ub-0741 LOREiJGSi E. Ub-0212 LOWEr J.C. Ub-0273 LOWKYr J.W. Ub-05iJ''l LUC AS > H. LUGE, K.E. Ub-03h2 LUNDY» A.S. LURIf K.J. Ub-0472 LYALL> J.U. Ub-073b MAASljFIRG, W. US-OB61 MAC DUFF IE f M. U'j-OO'obr US-0077 MAC Klf.'NEY» H.B. MACKLIN' M.R. Ub-oai4 MAEUA, Y. Ub-0067 MAESTA5- T.E. Ub-07,59 MAIT1LASSO, A.J. MALICK, F.S. Ub-0238 MALLARD r J.K. MANOLLHAUMr H. MANOv M.M. Ub-0340 MAPAbCOr J.A. Ub-0b08 MARGALAi C.E. MAIUUI, L.G. Uu-O'H.b MAR IN! r 1,0. Ub-OnbS MA!?K, A. Us-OHO MARKuL, J.M. U.,-Ol3t! MARM.F7r H.A. LINTZi M. Ub-0799 MARKS, A. A. US- 0071 MARTIN' E.G. US-OB09 411 ------- Inventor Index MARTIN J. US-0023 MARTIN' M.F. US-OU80 MARTIN' R.W. US-0286 MARTIN* T.J. US-0160 MARTIN' W.S. US-0312 MATTEINI. S. US-0099. US-0332. US-0337 MAURICE. P. US-0210. US-0336 MAXWELL, J.A. US-OU14 MAXWELL. W.A. US-0173. US-018" MC ADAMS* J.E. US-0021 MC ADAMS. P.P. US-0151 MC AFEE' J. US-07B3 MC ALLISTER' W.J. US-OH26 MC CANDLESS' W US-0890 MC CARTllY. J. US-0724. US-0732 MC CAULEY. H.E. US-0177 MC COMBS. M.W. US-0123 MC ELROY. W.R. US-0473 MC GlNNISr G.£. US-02b5 MC INTAKE. B.U- US-0122 MC INTYRE. W.Q. US-0122 MC LELAND. H.H. US-0845 MC LENDON. H.U« US-0297 MC LOUTH. U.F. US- 0371 MC NEICE". J.C. MC NEILL. H.L. US-0734 MEIbELi G.M. US-07^1 MELGAAKO' H.L. US-03V3 MELLLR. F.I I. US-033d MEIJGES* J.T. U'o-0427 KENRA1H. J.E. US-0207 MERGES. H.A. US-0462 MEIUHER. K.L. US-072ti MEKZ. J.W. t-iESCHEH. H.E. US-0511 HESSLN-JASCHIN, G. US-07b9 MEYER. P.P. US-0870 MEYER. P.J. US-0233 MEYERS. T.F. US-Ufc>42 MICHAEL.IS' 0. US-020b MILDH. G. US-OU18 MILLS' i-t.T. MILLER. C.L". MILLER' E.C. US-02o9. Ub-0352' US-0353 MILLER' E.W. US-0194 MILLER. F.A. US-07S7 MILLER. J.L. US-0236 MILLER. R.J. US-0259 MILLHISLR. R.G. US-0782 MINER. W.W. US-Ot>67 I'.INX. R.P. US-0209 MIYAG1. T. US-0087 MIYATA. S. Ub-0748 MOEGLING. E- US-0377 MOLLtR. K.J. MOLLKING. G.U. Ub-0657 MONGELLUZZO. A.E US-0423 MONTGOMERY. J.H. MONTGOMERY. rt.T.S. Ub-0270 MOORE. A.E. Ub-06oU MORAN. J.N. MORGAN. C.A. Ub-0235 412 ------- Inventor Index MORGANr T.P. US-0'»25 MORGENSON, D.J. US-0565 MORRISON, G.W. Ub-0719 MORRISON* R.H. Ub-0"4iQ MORRlSONr R.L. U^-0108 MORROW* J.H. MOTHCRSHAW, H.G. Ub-0029 MOTTr C.W. Us-0669, US-0874 MOUDY, R.T. MOUSHEGIAN, H. US-0279 MOUSbOULOS, L.S. Ub-Ob&O MOUSTAFA, A. Ub-0496 MOZLcY. R.H. Ub-0792 MULLtR* L.D. Ub-0792 MURPHY f T.F. Ub-0880» US-0881 MURPhYr T.L. Ub-0519 MUSTLE> 3.E. Ub-0355 MUTCuLERf P. A. Ub-0333 MYEKSf D.C. US-0406 MYROLDf A.O. US-0830. US-0833 NAKAMUKAr S. US-0087 NAPIER' M.A. US-0593 NAPOLITANO* G.C. US-0601 NARVE5TAD, E. US-01U5 NASH» V.V. U5-0130 NEBELUNGr R.G. US-0278 NElGHBOURf L.H. US-0832 NELSON » A.W. US-0?02» US-0720. US-0727 NELSON » G.L. US-0789 NELSON* N.A. US-0142 NESTOR r L.R. US-0655 NEVILLE, D.O. US-0115 NICHOLSr C.W. US-0283 NILLES* P.C. US-0153 NILSSON, A.E. US-0733 NILSSONt N.F. NILSSON, N.G.H. US-OS63 NOEL, M.A. US-0291 NORTON, C.L. US-0003 NORTON, O.C. US-0202 NUTTING, G.M. 013ER, H.C. US-0872 OBERKAMPER, I.E. US-0628 O'URILN, A.J. US-0732 OOOM, J.J. US-0763 OKAMURA, H. US-01494 OKUN, N.N. US-0039 OLIVER' P.M. US-0118 OLIVER, R.O. OLSEN, A.R. US-0375 O'NEAL, £5.0. US-0103 O'REILLY, B. US-0542 OSbORN, R.C. US-0625 OSTER, E.A. US-Ob39 OSTERMAN, J. US-0106 OZEKI, b. US-0602 HA1NE, VJ.V. US-0033 PALMER, G.W. US-Ou90, Ub-07l4, US-U715, Ub-0723 PALMITtR, D.R. US-0602 PANTO JA, E.V. US-0243, US-0321 PAPP, A.M. US-0303 PAPP AS, 0.0. US-Ob92, Ub-0693 413 ------- Inventor Index PARK. G.S. US-0716 PARKY, V.F. US-0107 PATTERSuiJ, W.W. US-0159 PAULSON, H.E. us-0853 PEARL. D.R. Ub-G364 PEUERSEN, F. US-0212 PEET. W.A. PORCH. E.A. Ub-0174 POULbCN. A.E. PELLET I LR. E. PENULETON. P.P. US-OU36 PERRIU, R. PERKY' PERRY. R.E. Ub-0277 PERSKY, N.N. US-0616 PETERf C. US-0470 PETEK5EN. K. US-0617 PETERSEN. K.F. Ub-0051i US-0070 PETERSON. C.H. US-06bO PETERSON. R.A. US-0178 PETERSON, W.S. PEUSCHEL, G.K. US-07H6 PHILLIPS, H.E. Ub-0262 PHILLIPS, R.C. US-ObOl PICKER. H.J. US-0873 PIERCE, G.A. Ub-0506 PIERbON. N.A. US-0056. US-0059, US-0067. US-0071. Ui-0079, US-0081, Ub-0093 PINTO, P.J. US-0392 PIOCH, R.J. US-0599 PLAUTZ, A.L. US-Ollb PODKORE, H.L. Ub-0656 POLK, W.C. Ub-0266 POWERS. J.H. Ub-0230> US-OolO. US-0621. US-0632 PRESENT. M.T. Ub-0104 PRICE. H. Ub-0b91 PRICE. H.R. PROHL. R.F. Ub-0o45 PROLLR. b. US-0522 PRUESSMER. R.D- US-OOOi PURUY, E.H. US-0290 QUINN. O.T. US-0500 QUINTO, M. US-0^91 RAAB, H. A. US-0586 RAMM, J.L. US-000<4 RAHSTACK, R.J. US-0329 RANKIN, C.S. US-0314 RANSOM, G.E. US-OH05 RAPP, L.J. US-0135 RAUCHLR. W.L. US-0227 REDMAN, E. US-0006 REDMAN, L.E. US-0057. US-OObO REGELE. C.A. REINHARDT, R.L. US-0200 REITZ, D.S. US-069a REMIG, P.W. US-0389 REMORE, V.D. US-0240 RENWICK, C.S. US-0503 REUSSER. P.U. US-0300 REYNOLDS. C.C. US-0287 RICH, C.E. US-070G RICH, P.C. US-07b7 414 ------- Inventor Index RIOGEWAY. E.L. US-ObOJ RIEDIIOL?, M.D. US-0798 RIKERf R.W. us-oouy RINEHARTr D.L. RINEHAKT. J.R. Ub-U4bH KlTCHEYf C. KITCHIE. C.I. Ub-0304 KIVLRS- R.C. P.T. UG-U172 KObltJSON* S.S. KOEDCLi M. Ub-0o80 ( T. US-Oi:06 KOSEIJSTLJN. A.J. US-04bl HOSENSTLINf N. H030IA* 1 1. P. US-0725 KOSS» J.F. US-0367 HOSS1. C.E. US-0302 KOYAUr T.B. L.A. KUDDOCKr W. US-017b KUtGG. E. Ub-0770 KUEGG. K. HUMl'EL. U.D. US-0143 KUMPEL* u.O. US- 01 '1 3 KUNOLE.* G.W. Uj-0621) UUPf'f P.P. US-OtJ'tU lUJSHr H.C. Ub-08bO RUSKINr S.L. RUSSELL. J.D. UL.-0009 J.H. KUSStLL. S.D. Us-0582 KUZIKA» J.W. S AFFORD- E. Ub-0456 SAILERSr Y.T. Ub-02f,0 ST. CYR» A.L. Ub-0279 SArJDt J.G. US-0711) SANDERS' M.D. Ui>-0826 SANUERSOfg» W.H. Ub-OObOr US-0810 SANOsTROHr L.O.E. US-0694 SASAKI* Y. Ub-0.515 SAUKKOr L.E. Ub-0615 SAYLESr C.P. US-0792 SCHAFERf H. UU-0082 SCHAf-FLER. G. US-0592 SCHIuDLERr H.C. US-0622 SCHlNSKEr W.G. Ub-06b2 SCHLt-fJZt H.E. Ui-0797 SCHLEY» G.C. Ub-0575 SCHLICKf A.M. US-002G SCHMIDT* N.T. U'j-0461 SCHMIDTr R.F. US-0876r US-0877r Ub-0078r US-0879 SCHNElBLEf C.U. Ub-0737 SCHOLEK* F. SCHOtlNf A.R. SCHOTT* C.C. US-Ub31r US-Ob93 415 ------- Inventor Index SCHROERING* J.l). US-0691 SCHUOERT. P.R. US-Q234 SCHUL^E. K.L. US-0075. US-0080 SCHUTT. H.C. US-0091 SCHUTTE* A.M. US-0768 SCHUT2* D.P. US-050b SEAOROOK, C.S. US-006b SEAVER. J.J. US-U738 SEDORE. E.C. Ur)-0l39, US-086t SLIFL'KTt A. US- 0399 SENOSKI, W.C.. us-opoo SHAOAKER* H.A. US- 00 08 SHADDOCK. R.E. US-Ofa56 SHAFFER, C.E. US- 00 2 'j SHAKPE. H.W. US-Q2H2 SHARPE. P.S. US-0250r US-0324 SHELBY, J.A. US-06bO SHELDON, W.M. US-06S4 SHELL. N.U. US-U41U SHEPHERD » A.D. US-0486 SHEPHERD r T.C.R. US-0639» US-0662 SHERMANi G.O. US-0636 SHERMAN. R.M. US-0204. US-0206, US-02J1. US-0237. US-0288 SHERRILL. C.A. US-0063 SHIMASAKI. S. US-0602 SHIRAI» T. US-0^76 SHIRK. R.M. us-oocm bHIVE. W.M. bHUMAKLR. T.P. US-07U3 SIEGELf K.kJ. US-U393 bILVLRS. A.M. US- 01 92 blEVLRS. C.J. US-0192 blEVERS. L. US-0192 bILK» P. 13. Ub-OOOb bIMANEK. T.J. Ub-0181 blMPSONr F.S. US-0350 bIMPSOIj. J.C. Ub-0bo5 bIKACUSA. O. US-0316. US-032o SIrtLRSSOIJ. O.L. US-UH62 bLAVICH. M. Ub-0743 bLUITLK. A. HOELU. N. Ub-0'J37 HOEMAKLR. R.C. US-Olio bMART* A. Ub-0224 bMEULUNU. E.G. US-0463. Uj-0584 SMITH. D.P. US-0165 SMITH* E.F. Ub-02't9 SMITH* L.H. Ub-0o09 SMITH. L.C. US-0033 bMlTH, R.B. US-00&9* U^,-0090 SMITH* R.H. US-0(m» Ub-0102 SMITH* W.C. US-0327 SMITH. w.H. US-049b bMOKER. I.Z. UG-OU30 StCAD. E.B. Ub-01b6 SHELL* J.R. Ub-0084 SNIDLR* A.M. Ub-OtOO SOLOMON. J.H. Ub-0403 SOMMLR* H. Ub-0bl6 SONTHCIMER* H. Ub-07b5 SPEIJCER. P.W. Ub-0358 416 ------- Inventor Index SPIES* F.R. Ub-0488 SPINULER. H. Ub-0076 SPROuLL, R.C. Ub-0499. UG-US06 SRODA. G.R. Ub-00d3 STAATS. J.F.. Ub-022b STEFANYK, f/. Ub-0323 STEINLE. L.E. Ub-04G5 STEVLHS. C.F.I!. Ub-0i!40. U5-0812 STEVLNS. E.G. Ub-0034 STrVtNSO!;. J.M. U_,-02b2 STIRLING. H.T. US-0477 STObER* K.E. US-079b STONt» C.A. US-0269 STONf JtK. Ui-0532 STRATFORD r H.W. U'j-0528 STRATTON. R.R. Ub-0b7il STRELCK. R. Us-0109 STRE/YNSKIf G.J. U-o-0770 STROiCRTr L.E. Uo-0006 STRUCKMANNr H. Ub-0020 STUULERf A.R. Ub-0380 S7UELA>IH» H.M. US-0144 STULLCR. H.E. US-0200 STUMPFr C.A. US-0017 SUNDAY. E.G. US-0^25 SUTPHIN» L.M. US-0468 SUZUKI. Y. US-Q087 SVET-JSJO. N.E. US-0773, US-0774 SWANSONr C.L. US-033H SwINTr H.G. R.R. US-071fa S2ILAGYI. B. US-0591 TACKr F.H. US-0128 TACKr K.R. US-Ol2ti TADA. M. US-0318 TAHAR. A.8. US-U638 TAKtTA. II.H. US-0888 TALHCRT. A.O. US-0127 TAI1NY. S. US-0884. US-088b TARHOXr J.L. US-0213 TAUl3ENBLAT» P.P. US-OD25 TAYLOR. H.E. US-0364 TAYLOR. S.Y. US-Ob78 TELL. K.G. US-0852 TERHO. M.J. US-0717 TESSIER. J.D. US-0573 TEST. R.L. US-0278 TESTOLIN. A.A. US-0614 TEZUKA. K. US-Ob89 THOMAS. P. US-086b THOMPSON. J.H. US-0486 THOMPSON. R.S. US-Ob79 THOMPSON. W.E. US-Ob20 TIMERSON. A.E. US-OU07 TOKARZ. R.M. US-Ob06 TOLSTON. C.C. US-02b8 TOPIMKA. G.F. US-0612 TOKRLY. A.J. US-Oo87 TRACY. J.F. US-0061 TKAUUAKGER. D.O. Ub-0o30 TRIBE. N.G. US-0028 TRUSSE.LL. U. US-0760 417 ------- Inventor Index TURNERt J.F. UO-U342 1U/WIAK. L.A. UG-Ob31 TYSON i M.R. US-0'j83 UbbE» J. US-0(J7u UZUAVINES, E.A. VANDENHOECK. J.F>. Ub-0475 VAN UtR AUEr C.R. US-0354 VAN OEK WEHFTr B. US-0014 VAN RILL. H. US-0777 VARRO. S. Ub-000'j. Ub-0077 VICKERY. F.W. Ub-0772 VluNOSf J.C. US-Oiji+6 VILLAD£U\I, K.J.S. US-0489 VINCENT* D.U. US-0490 VINCENT. J.C. VINYARD. H.O. Us-0l6(i VISSuRS* H. Ub-Ollbl VOORHEEb, F.T. U-_,-04^a VROMANf W.R. Ub-0221 riACLLf J.A. Ub-0257 WALKLR» U.L. R.E WALLERSTEDT » G.A- UL.-0799 WALL1N» R.E. US-Ool3 WALSTROMr S.R. US-0130 WALTER' M. K. 67 H.J. 0'+2y M.N. Ub-0^44 ,-JARO, U.T. d9 J.P. WASHbURN. B.b. Us-0006r US-0313 riASP, E.J. Ub-0111 WATERMAN. A.C. WATLKSONr A. P. .VEBULR' C. Ub-0100 WfJibLR' K.L. J. Us-0133 Ub-0220> US-0223 WLGMANr L.S. US-0271; WL:IR, J.F. Ub-0713» US-0729 WE I Si, » F.A. P. A. WELLS. R.L. US-0180 WENIGER. J.K. US-0769 WEtJtJPR. A. US-0229 WESTALL, T.E. U5-0141 WLSTFALL. J.F. US-0615 WL'bTOtJf D. US-0649. Ub-0651 WEbTRATf. J.M. US-0558 VvET^EL. R.C. US-0641 WHITE. C.M. US-OU71 WHITF. J.H. U5-0362 WHITMAN, J.E. U5-0280 WICKE. C.A. US-OC><4<4 WILD. J.A. Ub-0046 WILEY. S.K. US-0241 WlLKfNIfjG. E.R. US-0082 WILKFS. G.H. US,-04b7 W1LLETT. G.H. US-0221 WILLlAril',. B.F. US-Of,2b WILLIAf'f,» C.C.W. UC-064Q 418 ------- Inventor Index WILLIAM;, r J.D. US-0167 WILLIAMS M.A. US-0167 WILLIAMS » R.D. US-0150 WILHOTH, H.L. US-H199 WILMOTH, J.H. US-0199 WILSOllf D.D. US-0692 WINKLLPLECKr R.G. US-07W WINTER' H.W. US- n 027 , D.b. Ur,-< WINTER' J. F.H. US-0190 E.L. US-OUcib J.L. US.-OU70 wOLI-Ff U.S. US-04U2 >,OOD» 6.U. US-0704 v,OOUi O.C. .-.OTSChKLr J. U'j-009t> wKlGHTr w.C. j J.M. 3 H. uG-ouoa tLLLOTr J.I. YtOMAIJbr C. US-OuOl YOL'r G.'o- YOEFiGQKr R.R. Ub-Obbl YOUNG > J.L. US-0741 YOUk&r K.k. US-Oo07 YOUIJut W.W. YUtNGLKr K.L. U5-0046 /ANFTi A.fj. US-OJ22 C.F. US-0390 C.R. r.OODr L.S. Ub-0129 hOOD«UFK» M.D. US-07HO wOOLDKIDGbr U'j-0154 1, OOLL. U'.W. US- 0782 M. A.L". US-012L) ZIMMi_RMANNr iv. US-0609 21HK, E.F. Us-0170 ZlNNr R.L. US-0293 ZOLLlNGLRf H.A. Us-0702 419 ------- PATENT CONCORDANCE iif L>9'J I 31<3 7U2f 2f 792 «i »c)oU» O'io 2(909(279 c(';77f 9uJ 3 f ' J L c f b j 2 jf Ubbf 744 3( l3(xuUt3 3( I4^.»bb 7 3f luuf 122 if Io2f 077 if, u 7(H90 ifiolf o79 if Ju7( b07 3f il9(dlO 3(319(010 i 7t>o ,500(407 f jtll f y f o!jl f ob7 i f it u 4 f 7 7 o it 1uLn ob7 Of Mil f 'K/J i' '(4.H f 070 3 f t)_t f L)SL> J> r q H 't f ,j U o Of i,H 7 r Ibtl uT On CA.4 CA,. ol LiK bT L1H i* iT CA 1 i ,f T £> AU-> 1 K MUbTK :>niT ut>\ AU->Ti( Uuiv LA i LA.I CAii b r p.t< 'jrtlT ol UK b.vIT CA.J OLK OT BK k,Ai. CAi-l f -r -J A i 1 Lh>i b.-dT LrtiJ j in i T UL'< JAPAri CM,) LA>i biJlT b7b»b47 4bbf 3U7 4u9(0ul o7(K 119 74U(3b7 303( I4b bb4 ( Obo i t / i . 7 j 1> t »J " * / O i- 246 f b07 4l.i(l9o 11 n • i -i 1 i loO ( iOI -Ob75 Uj-i)fti99 Urj-0699 U^-0223 Urj-0b21 U'j-Ub22 U'o-0231 US-U3o9 US-U071 ir>-UG7l U'J— U290 US-0')bO U'-.-UObl Uj-OUb2 Uj-OOb7J US-0077 US-0237 US-0379 U5-U079 US-0293 US-OdoO Ub-029b U^-O^^b U^-0717 US-0717 US-0717 Ub-0717 Ur>— Ou3'T US-031b US-03b^ US-ObU7 US-0096 olU'439 b,/, IT 4b9(440 t,T BK I,l49f: ObbR 2^2i of BK Iflb4(744 uf bt< Idb4(lbb CA •< o09(9'td ol !3t< Ifloo(b7b of LM< l(i7U(7Ul uT UK 1,17« oT HI, l,lb. irtlT 4b. bl i3n l,173(9jb oT f lu-J f 1'ju f i j i • 0 -j 7 Uj-0040 U5-U'i77 U^-0099 US-0313 U5-0318 US- 0 Hbb US-U33b US-0067 420 ------- Patent Concordance bT BK 1,1 Uc>-U3b3 .5.1447, <>^u t>L^ 1,<:3' iiviT 47 CAi. 7o=>.2J7 u'->-0212 oT Bh l.uol.'tao US-0212 U5-OH27 Jf471.i-.7b bull -7d»21o Ur.-U105 OK I,lo4.9o7 u 421 ------- PATENT NUMBER INDEX U5-0618 c 370.246 2.370.315 «i» J71 < 540 <:.371.743 »7u2 2»37b>876 £•377. 184 2,3dO»014 <.• • 303 . 3i>6 ,-.3<:3»b34 <_.384»496 .399.bu9 .»399tL>29 -»401 . Ib9 b2U m3 421 1 4bL> cii428«420 lub f b71 4< f 4 L 1 f 1 0 1 r684 2»4bb»49fa 2»46u» Ibl 2.46Ur613 U'.,-CibJ> ULp-O^u-f Uo-Uot J UC>-OuH Uj-0/ub US-U172 OS-OUUl Ub-C<;o2 US-017J US-0735 Ut_,-07o7 US-0137 U'j-OiJo U'j-0114 Ub-Oilb Ub-0402 Ub-0174 UL-Ullo UL-0/3'4 US-Ool7 U'J-Ot>7o u:,-tub4 U'j-0tl4 Ub-0159 Ub-0ol9 U'j-07o:l Ub-07o9 US-0770 U'j-044U O'j-Olbb" U^-Oc-O-i Uj-U/3 ; U-)-017o US-U771 Uj-Cil jo U'j-U ("jo DS-0404 U-i-0441 U-.-Ul>77 U'j-0621 2.474.251 2.474.695 2>47b>710 2.47o»b30 2»477»686 2.481 • 504 2»4f,^» 125 2.484.459 2»40b»407 2.485.419 54U»936 2.547,752 2. 552. ,,r7 2, Vj3f -32 2,553,454 2.554 .048 2.555.bH3 2,556.114 2« 5S7. ^>nl 2.557. 569 2.557.575 2! bt"!o!57a 2.5b0.b74 2.L)t>5.7?0 2.5o6.128 us-oaib US-0737 U5-0177 Ub-062-05oO U5-0002 U5-U443 Ub-0021 yS-u55u US-0217 us-oofty US-0444 Ub-077i: US-0240 U3-0117 US-0160 US-0407 Ui-0773 US-040U Uo-0627 U^-0118 US- 024 7 US-0284 US-046D US-054t> ()S-08ob US- 01 19 •JS-04U9 US-U120 I S-U410 US-Db?8 US-OD90 US-0022 HS-0091 US-J1H1 US-D218 US-H141 HS-0800 US-0411 422 ------- Patent Number Index 2 ,567,468 2,bb7,'J92 2 • 572 .767 2,b77,659 2«b77,977 2,579,932 2»b84,3H2 2»ba9,G36 2.b90»202 2»b90.73b 2.5'J2, 123 2,b93.278 2»b93,776 t » t>79.942 <:. .079.943 <;• b7b. 1 JU c. to~Ii.it 7 U 7 vi» 14U 14b Io7 US-0797 U1.-0341 US-01'12 US-0774 US-U121 2,b96,616 2,596,908 2,601.332 2.601,bb7 2.606.67b 2.608.943 2.ol4,279 2,614,933 2,615, 17o 2,615.636 2»bl6,379 2.b21. 099 2.621.934 2>b22.bOO 2.623.793 2.626.069 2.630.928 2,631,o29 2»o34»5l9 2,634,560 2,639,902 2,640.o92 2,643. 014 2.643.066 2.644.737 2 .645, 42d 2. 648. b 12 2,649, 21b :»bb2» OlU c' ,bb4 ,^1(! • t c t~. . x ' 1 t_ f U J _> f Oi^ O <;»obO, 110 d. 1 6cG . hlo d .664.247 <- i o 6 6 , 2 o 9 32 05-0203 US-0412 L'S-Of',29 US- Ob ell US- 00 34 US-Ob70 US-0123 US-U366 US-0183 US-0004 US-0047 US- 07 38 US-0696 US-0633 US-0413 l'S'-Ob57 US-0445 US-Oti97 Ub-0^21 US-Ou^.b UC f> L k b-u!jbo Ub-Oubs Ub-0ib-+ Ub-00j4 U^-0107 Ub-O^oo Ub-OOO'j Uj-0i^4 Ub-0071 Ub-0(,9o Ub-0777 . bbO Ib4 » b43 <-.otb.370 c. . oob. fab3 t.6i:b.9ba ^ . bbb.9fa3 . 079 . Ub4 t!. 689io46 «;. ouy i 64 o ^.690. JD3 _.b9d. 491 c .099.948 4oo f . 7 1 1 1 . c. > t; £.. (JLU'OOJ «i,711.b^0 ci, 714, 775 2»716.3o6 2»72b»6bO 2.73H.293 2.733.708 2,73"+,803 2, 73b,756 2,730.743 2,744,477 2,750,903 2,753,978 2,754,988 2,759.440 2.7bo»79b 2.76b»939 2.7b7.G41 2,77o,0b2 2.77o.770 2.777,40o 2.777,593 2,77t,,5l8 2,779,491 2»7au»lti7 2.703.723 2,784,537 2,784.853 2.78n,8b6 2»7b4»8ba 2,791,172 2,791,340 Ub-0167 Ub-Obb-J Ub-0^9j Ub-0497 Ub-0u07 Ub-Oloo U<- — f i ' i i> U j A o Uj-OobO Ub-01a9 US-0^24 Ub-0190 US-0547 Ub-0415 US-0048 US-0498 U3-0249 Ub-0314 US-03b2 US-0191 US-0701 US-0267 US-05bl US-0651 US-0779 US-OlOd US-0673 US-034.J US-0702 US-0703 US-0147 US-003o US-022b US-0652 Ub-0674 US-044o US-0037 US-058i! US-0140 423 ------- Patent Number Index 2.792.229 2.798.800 2.804.030 2.804.031 2.809.5b7 2.815.858 2.817.203 2.820.703 2.82U.705 2.623.10o 2.823.b2b 2.P.27.744 2.82d»037 2.829.040 2.829.7bl 2.838.014 2.838'Olb 2»84b»3UU 2.648.238 2»857.2o2 2.657.2b3 2.857»8b2 2.8bl.877 2.862.341 2.86.S.4Uu 2»»b7>S21 2. 86u» 37o 2»809.487 U'j-08i>3 U'j-UOub Ub-022o Ui-026-04o9 UG-0194 U^-02^8 US-OObB 2.879.726 2.881 .066 2. 882. .,41 2 » 1582 • 842 2.086.331 2.886.332 2.888. 158 2.889.640 2.889.043 2.891.519 2.395.433 2.895.434 2.895.436 2.898. 148 2.899.325 2.900. 0«o 2.901.339 2.911.180 2.911.295 2.912.128 2.915.0,75 2.922.586 2.922.589 2.925.054 2.925.0S5 2.929,nR8 2.932.247 2.932.713 2.934.279 2.93b.740 2»939.c'j94 2.942.792 2.943.930 2.947.619 2.951.755 US-0343 I c>-0499 t;S-C.'.i02 Ub-0209 US-0035 US-0836 l'S-0704 Uf>-08b7 US-0195 US-0367 US-0205 US-0229 US-03b3 US-0126 U5-0500 US-0675 US-0501 I.T.-0447 US-0470 US-0705 U5-0252 US-U653 US-0654 Ub-0206 US-0269 Ub-0049 Ub-UbiO US-0230 liS-OobS U5-U3u8 Uf;.-U7uo ur>-ob2i Ub-0b22 U5-0069 US-0487 2.9b2.226 2.9b4,28b 2.960.04b 2.964. 184 2.969.279 2.974.419 2.977,903 2,981,488 2.9b5.120 2.985.211 2.986,277 2,986.290 2.988.367 2.993.454 2.995.434 2.996.203 2.997.007 2.997.J4? 2,997,343 2.999 »t)0o 2.999,721 3.001.48V 0,002,83,. 0,008.749 o.010.72b US-0231 US-0070 US-0369 US-0742 US-0071 US-0109 US-0290 US-0635 US-0291 US-0606 US-0730 US-0707 US-0837 US-0232 ;;G-0502 US-0708 1>S-0292 US-0127 US-0128 US-0709 US-0129 U:--0233 U^-Obbu U.,-OL49 U >0o3.-i J).Ulb.849 0.024.485 0.027.853 0.027.854 0.027. 6bb 3.031.176 3.031.233 3.033.308 0.034.422 3.034.882 3.037.220 0.041.143 a. 041.157 3.042.198 3.043.245 0.043.678 O. U43.78b O.044.o44 0.048.130 0.046.409 O.0b7»fao3 0.059.791 o. Uol .403 o»Gu4»8u6 0.07b.77b 0.07b.611 3»o78.bi38 3.082.039 3.083.058 0. 0L'3» U59 o . U 8 3 . 8 b 1 3.0fc4.87b 0. 087. 7b9 3.091.524 0.101 .2bt> Ub-0370 Ub-0ib4 US-OJ3-3 Ub-0bb2 Ub-0b03 Ub-0878 US-OobO Ub-0072 Ub-0^34 Ub-0524 Ub-0471 Ui-0u39 US-OU'ol Ub-0u77 Ub-0u78 Ub-0472 US-Oo37 Ub-UllO Ub-0130 Ub-C13l Ub-C /10 Ub-Cbbo Ub-0u80 Ub-0480 424 ------- Patent Number Index 3,113,014 -j, 114,u22 3, 117,940 3,122,425 -i,123,026 3,123,311 U5-0073 3(23b(3b9 3,23b,005 3,230(743 3(239,27-4 3,239,329 3,242,868 3,24b,3bO 3,24b(954 3.24a,l75 US-0111 US-0,355 U^-0504 U5-Ob2_. •j . 13o , uutj 3,137,75-^ o, 136,447 3, i3H,44rt 3, 141 ,759 o,142,bl// 3, 140(0o / 3, 150,61 j 3,152,7-^1, 3, lour 12:1 3,160,352 3, 161 , 30b 3, 161,412 3 , 16^ , 600 3,162,877 3, Ibj, 133 3,163, 134 3, Ibu, 033 3, 169(490 3, 173,388 3,173,389 3, 17b,994 3d7u,2o7 3,181,914 3,184,171 3, 16 b» 4 86 3,193,867 3(190(915 3(200, 182 3,20b(215 3215,421 3,21fa,149 3,218,997 3»21b»99a 3»22u,5bb 3,224,925 3,22b,947 3,229,984 3,22.738 3.233( 7oO Uj-0ua3 UJ-Ob27 1 1 — r ; i 7 ' w ., O u I 1 u'j-0u7j Ul,-0o7 , Uj-Uu7 / U'.-05U:> Ufj-023o U^-032-J U'.-023/ Urj-U6.')7 Uj-0711 Ur>-0841 U5-07ou U'3-087y U5-0270 U5-052o US-0371 b^-0345 U5-0207 US-0208 US-0842 US-0054 U5-0162 Ub-0658 US-0843 U5-0853 US-0659 US-0529 US-0844 US-0530 US-050u U5-0209 US-0553 US-071«i Ui-0507 Uo-013^ US-0845 Uj-084b US-0847 OS-0027 Ur,-U713 US-0474- U'->07lH U5-0055 US-0093 US-0079 Uj-005b U'_>-06ol UC.-05U8 UG-0330 US-0372 U5-0057 Ub-0058 3.248.17b 3,?5b(883 3>259,0o3 3(2bS, Od4 3,2b9,08b 3,2b3»346 3»26o,648 3,2b7,b90 3,2b8» 124 3,276,845 3,278,059 3(280,994 3(281,879 3(283(697 3,285,732 3,2 ------- Patent Number Index 3.3^'bf IbO 3.32o r 39b Z),327.buO .',, 329. 10f) 0.330.2311 3.330.231 3.33U.232 3.33b.9u8 3.343.34o or 343,8 7u 0, 344. 7t>8 3.3Ub.9i,U o. 34u,2<)2 O.34l>.9/3 3»347»ou7 J.347.597 o.347.b78 3.347.741 3»34l»2D« 3.348.b99 O»34{j»bb2 3.34(1.707 3.348.708 j,34o.715 3f3blf304 3.352.lib 5 r O b . 3'o3. ys-tJ Or 3b4 r U2u O.3b4.4o9 O.3b4 r bb3 3r 354 r f:47 Or 3b4 r tl4J 0»3b'o» 044 O » 3 b b , <- b b Of 356 r I) 16 O . O b b r U 1 i) Of 3bu. Iil3 3f 3.i7. 3 7b j,oj7f377 o.3b7»o7^ 3 » b > /. 31 > t < 3- ,'V, /. 3.O ,;.3b/.3... Of 3b 7. ul't U'.,-Olo7 Ub-Oolb Ub-03o.» Ub-Oc. j7 U'j-0o07 Uj-0^o4 Ub-Oull Ub-UoDb Ub-0744 Ub-OloO Uli-Ooab Ub-0 71b U5-0719 Ub-01b9 Ub-0097 Ub-0 3.3bd.812 3.361 .370 3.3b2»359 3i3b2.360 3.3b2.650 3.3bi»274 3. 3b3r 344 3»363i 345 3f 3b3r 847 3 A "Kt . O ~3 11 f 3 O o . 9 c. 4 3r3b4r 887 3r3bor255 3r 3oor397 3r3o7r 495 3.367.52B 3»3b7» 5u3 3.367.769 3.3b584 3.369.685 3.369.797 3.37u.525 3.37u.787 3.371.629 3.371.871 3.37,^,425 3. 37 ' s. .656 3.372.725 3.37^.375 3.37,i.877 3.372.881 3-r -J , Q I 1 i 'O/t^p^lH 3.372.989 3.37o.545 3.373.704 3.37o.804 3. 374.004 3.374.034 3.374.085 3.374 ,730 3r374»95H 3.374.976 3.37-0.081 3,37j.776 7.-»-/- «7Qu. j t O / J * ' ^^ 3. 376r ?02 3.376.833 3.376,936 3.377,059 3.377.085 3.377.234 3.37R.323 3.379. 146 3.379.335 3.379.451 3380.407 3.380.409 3.380,579 3.380.600 US-0028 US-0662 US-0613 US-0273 US-OObl LrS-0864 US-0199 US-OP72 Ub-OflO US—0 369 US-02'42 US-0721 US-0390 US-Ob 10 Ub- 0^-20 US-OObO US-0531 Ub-0597 US-0211 LI5-0745 Ub-0611 US-0300 US-0391 US-0885 US-0062 US-0722 US-0421 US-0301 US-0639 US-0340 US- 02 59 U5-Q1+22 u:.-0bt)7 U3-OB51 US- 0567 Ur .^ r\ "^ 1 1 j _j U i-J U £. US-0814 US-0791 U3-0274 Ub-0171 Ub-0450 Ub-06b3 Ub-0532 U^-05ob Uo-0640 US-0451 US-C3U3 US-C664 Ur>-t81b Ub-Obll US-0333 uS-0452 I^c,-0b33 US-04b3 US-U512 U'3-')4'54 US-0374 US-0423 US-04b5 US-0334 US-3375 US-3392 US-UbftS 426 ------- Patent Number Index 3,381,014 3,381,901 3»3ol ,902 3,301 ,948 3,308,038 3,308, 060 3,388,624 3,308,656 3,308,679 3,308,733 3,308,785 3,388,794 3,3h8,856 3,308,882 3,309,733 3,389,792 3'389,795 3» 309, 610 3,389,864 3,390, 076 3,390,32o 3,390,004 3»39l,66l 3,391,662 3,391,776 3,391,784 3,391,611 3,392,004 3»392,083 3,392,114 3,392,666 3,392,690 3-392,825 3,393,121 3,393,462 3393,520 3,393,651 3 '393, 6'. 2 3,393,025 3393»87o 3393,998 3» 394, 007 3, 394 , ti32 o , 394 , 946 0,395, 010 j, 39 5, 019 0,395,510 0.3';<5>bS5 O,395»u56 o , 395, oo3 O, o9l>, 79b 0,395,797 o,395,d59 0, 0'J5>995 0,3 'A)» 514 O , 3l-.'C» , ()(;2 0, o9d, bb3 J, 39o, 7u7 o. 39o , 844 0,39b,9u2 \ * "(">. ^.(ilil O t J Jl~l ' 7 1 H 0,397.140 3,397,143 US-0424 US-Ou65 US-Oo41 DS-U477 1I5-U513 US-0478- US-0041 US-0012 I S-0243 US-0701 US-0029 US-0746 US-0456 US-0457 US- 0393 US-0747 US-0748 US-04b3 US-Obl2 US-0790 US-0749 US-0425 US-0090 US-0260 US-0200 uS-0792 US-Otv-:9 US-0479 US-0514 US-0793 US-0598 US-0275 US-0394 US-J515 l'c-0873 US- 05 34 US-0099 US-0347 US-0395 US-u5'i5 l-'S-CSofa I S-0750 U S — 0 4 £ o us-ooy^ US-0537 U^-0^9^ US-0794 US-Oj'.o US-Oou.l U',-OU9- US-0751 U-j-0752 US-0427 US-0554 US-0753 U_.-Ool7 US-Oo/u US-Oui3 (J'j-07^,: U'.,-0397 U'-j — 0 obu US-075+ Ub-075o 0,397,657 0,397,b77 0,397,757 0,397,702 3,397,873 3,390,423 3,398,705 0,399, 110 0,399,054 3,399,903 3,400,513 0,401, 113 0,401 ,0o2 o, 4 U 1,092 0,402,037 3,402 , 640 3,403,620 O,4l.3,o43 0,403,644 3,403,645 0,403,030 3,404,643 o»404, 77b 0,404,819 o,405,bb7 0,406,423 ^»4uo>424 o,407,432 3,407,941 O,408,yo7 0,406,968 0,400,9o9 o»4u9,933 3,410,427 0,411,4o5 3,411,645 3,411,659 3,411,722 3,412,696 3,412,697 3,41^,98b 3 »41 o,91o 3,41^,914 3,414, 147 3,415,402 \ • Ll \ IL t O o , H i tj , HbV 3.417.883 3.416.003 3»41o,952 3.41y,lo7 3.41y,377 3.420.295 o»42u»455 3.42o.6l3 3.421.291 3»42<_'»9d5 3.423. 102 3.424,078 3,425,192 3,425,637 3,420,673 3,420,674 3.420.715 US-031o US-Oo77 US-042J US-07oo US-030'i US-0757 US-Ooli) US-Oolb US-0459 US-0460 US-0758 US-OOOo US-042'3 US-Ou42 US- 0720 US-0430 US-0599 US-OJ19 US-Ociol US-Oo05 US-0431 US-0320 US-Ob5u US-0390 US-Oo3S US-0657 US-065J US-0042 US-04bl U5-OoUu US-0021 US-Oo3o US-Obbo US-0724 US-Od7b US-0690 US-0399 US-0400 US-0307 US-0337 US-0277 U'.-05b4 US-05by US-0691 US-04o2 Uf r\ ~t < , . -•>— (Jji. 2 US-OOlo US-0480 US-0330 US-0725 US-OOOb U3-03ol US-Ot>43 US-0370 US-0759 US-0433 U i-04u,> US-0505 US-0043 US-0644 U'j-06b7 Ur,-06l4 US-0095 427 ------- Patent Number Index 3.427.939 3.427.960 3.428.004 3»42b» 198 3. 428. 447 3»428»5b5 3.429.018 3.429.022 3.429.006 3.431.583 3.431.704 3.431,872 3.432.101 3.43o»l84 3»43b»312 3.43U'3l4 3.43o.326 3.43c)»320 3»43a»321 3.43b»322 3.43b»584 3. 43d. 740 3.439»3bl 3.439.642 3.439.003 3.44U. 134 3»44u»949 3.44U.977 3.441.H70 3.442.232 3.442.t98 3.442.637 3.443.745 3.444. 5(U 3.444.006 3»445, b49 3.446. 026 3.446.163 3.447.179 3.447. 188 3.447.287 3,447,449 3,447,493 3.447.920 3.448. 135 3.448. 509 3,440.704 3.448.932 3,449,247 3,449, 780 3.4bl . 185 3. 4bl . 453 3.451 .488 3 . 4 b 1 » b 7 1 3.4bl»799 US-0600 UG-0601 US-0262 US-0379 US-0538 U5-0087 US-0481 US-0539 Uj-0493 U'j-03b9 Uj-04t)3 U',-0323 Uj-0817 US-0822 Ur)-0517 US-0518 UG-079b U'j-05ob US-0587 U'j-0588 Uj-00o3 US-0064 US-0660 U-o-0014 US-0540 US-0519 US-076U US-03U8 US-0494 L'G-u362 b 5-0 (••H9 Ur,-0435 us-unaa US-U726 tib-0088 3»4l>4, 174 3,4f,4,240 3»4b'5»257 3»4!>6» 603 3»4b6f 604 US-OU09 US-G727 tJS-004t) US-D339 US-0728 US-u3t^O Ub-0309 3r4f>6»821 3r4b6»824 3 i 457,081 3»4b7r883 3»4'58»029 3»4b9,003 3»460,lf,5 3f 4bO» I8o 3f 460.294 3»460f463 3»460»489 3»4(>Oi49Q 3r4bO,769 3r46lio5Q 3.4o2.275 001 J»4b7»b(i7 O,4o(; r 411 J>,46U»417 j,46«> 974 O,470f00b o,H71» OU3 o»471«275 3.471(401 3,472. 186 3.472.304 j. 4 73 • 331 0.473.493 O. 473 .494 0.474.483 3.470.179 o. 476.273 o.478»70u 0.47C..71.7 0.47 -» 9.J9 ^tl /ti.y 70 ^.479 . 17ci J.480. 176 3.482»b34 J.4J3.832 0.4(14.231 US-OOlb US-0693 US-0102 US-0278 US-0349 US-032b US-0016 US-0103 US-0044 US-OB63 US-0017 U5-0604 US-0310 US-0263 US-0482 US-U890 US-0018 US-0212 US-0729 US-0483 U_,-073o Ub-04o7 Ub-07b ------- Patent Number Index 'B.J7 US-07o3 oiUHt Ub-Uoio 429 ------- SUBJECT INDEX ACTIVATED f.LUDoE COMPOSTING JS-0087 SEhAGE. US-U797, US-079B AFTERBURNER, U'i-U2a,.» US-0J532 AGRICULTURAL WASTES BALEK. US-ub77 BRAN FIliEK CONVERTED TO FERTILIZER* US-082'* CART. US-Ojud CASTOR BEAu POMACE COLLECT I ON r US-0160, COMPOSTIUG POULTRY MANURE* US-0083 COUVf.kT.iD TO Ct.l"itLNT» US-0823 TO POULTRY LITTER* LIO US-Ob61 CONvFKTLJ TO ANIMAL FEED Li!^ COiWEYGR* US-07b7* US-07ol SHRLL'UCK* Uf>-0b06» US-Oull WITH SPREADER* Uj-0o33* STORAGE. SEE ALSO DRUM* US-0830 ! MANURE ASH COLLFCTlOrlr U VACUUM* US-003b» US-0037 COI;VKYO,< US-OU21* U'-.-OU24» US-OU2b» U'o-OOc'b* U'j-0037 RECEPTACLE . J KEOUCTION* U'-i REMOVAL* US-OU23* US-U214. US-02J3 AUTOMATIC INDICATION or N'_U) FOR. US-U3b4 SHAKING ASSLKuLY, US-0355 UTILISATION ROAU CONSTRUCTION* US-0476 AUTOMOBILE BALER, US-ObfiJ» US-0592 CON'PACTuRr US-Ob98 COMPRESSION. US-Ob31 CRUSHER* US-Obt>9 »JITH SEPARATOR* us-obbb INCINERATOR HIGtl PRESSURE • US-0277 METAL-SCRAP* US-ObHb RECLAMATION* US-ObOQ SEPARATIt.ij* US-Ub45 SHREDDER COMBINED WITH HAMMERMILL* us-ooit CORD RECLAMATION* U UTluIZATIUtJ. US-0480 BAFFLE DISPOSED. US-u63b DRAFT CULTROL. US-0223 PERFORATED. US-0249 STREET CLEAN!: R» US-UUb9 BAGASSE CONVERTED TO FUEL* US-Obl7* US-051H BALER AGRICULTURAL v.AbTE'j. US-0&77 AUTOMOBILE* Ub-0b83* US-0592 BALE UOU.MD WITH TWINE. US-Ob76* US--Ob77. US-Ob79 COVLUED WITH VvlRE NET, U'_,--Ob6l CYLINDRICAL, US-Ob76 ROU.jl). US-Ob70 Uj-ObbC* US-0591 WIRE NET COVERED. US-0575 BALE bOx. US-US74 BALE EJECTOR* US-Or)72, US-0573 BALER HLAD» Ub-0b71» US-Ob7'+ bULKY W,u>TEb. Ub-0b90 COt'Mu-iClAL .'.AbTLS* US-0'ja7 tSbr.L; FROM no CONTROL SYbTei-1, US-U'o76. 430 ------- Subject Index US-UbbO» US.-Ub90 CONVEYOR. US-OS77 UOOR, US-OubJf US-Ob -, FOLIAGE, U^-Obuj HORIZONTAL PKESb, US-Ob72 MF.TAL-SCRAP, us-ob72 MOUNTED ON TRUI.K, US-OS92 MOVAHLL PLATL.N, US-U'j80 NLi.SPAPr R» US-Ub79 PHOTOCLLL CO.iTkuLr US-Obo' US-Ub8b PkESSURL ROLLERS, US-Ob78 bLO;,ER INCINERATOR, US-0222. Ub-u2b9 STKhLT US-0,.i54» AUTOMATIC » U'j-0172 CLAM bHLLL TfPLr US-U175» US-0179> U'J-Ulal F0i< Ubu - Ifii SLUhRY METHOD* US- 01 91 CLOSlliG f'LCH/.NlSMr US-0175 GUlufK KAILS- Uo-0671 LOAuuKr U5-Uo93 OUE PILCT IV.AML. US-0172 ;. u5-0150r USIUG TRACIOR f-ORK» US-0112 WITH bCKtEur Ub-019b CULKY vvASTEs UALLR» US-U'_>'<0 CRUSHER. U.o-iJbb9 RECEPTACLE- US-OU21 SEPARATING MLCHAfJlSMS* US-07J6 SHREUULR. US-Ool& COM.JlNub ivITII OALER» EiUHIAL OF P CON.PACTIOIJr uS-0097 INJtCTIOUr US-OD07 st.E ALSO SANITARY LANDFILLS UURUER Of'tKATION uLl'EfiOErjT ON REFUSL uLlbHTf US-0<;17» U^-0^25 POblTlOl,. US-0^3 ACCLLLRATOK uLL.'ii.IJTf U AUTOI'.ATIC ul jdi/.ROEr U CO^.tjINEU WIT, i FILTUAIIOiJ. US-U77S COMLiluEu SEPAKATIKG WITH CHcMKAL TlLATMifNTr US-07tJO COMTKOL SYSTLi-U US-0006- US-U77J OEFLLCTuii ELLwENTr U5",-07o6 DISTKIUJTINo URUM. US-0777 DRAIN. US-0771 FEED PIPE. US-077B GROOVED L.OWLr US-077H SCRAPKR' US-077b. US-077u SCRLLii. ur.-07rj5 WITH UKHIJG Dt.VICEr US-0781 CHARGING i-iFCHANISr-.S' US-Oi72» US-0513 AIR STRc-AM. Ub-0270. US-U271r US-0260. US-Oolb BOXr uS-Ob20 CEMTKlFUc-AL ATOMIZER > US-0810 CONTKOL. US-0280 COfJVLYOR HOPPER* US-0718 ROTARY t US-02oO» US-062o» US-070b SCREW CONVEYOR PRESS, US-0593 STOKER' US-0^«3 UNDLi ------- Subject Index ASH. U'o-00^1. U.,-OU2.}» US-OGr.'<4» US-00b DUST. US-OijC4. US-U017. US-U01c\. Ub-00201 vJ'j- HOUSEHOLD. Ub-OU>3 IHDUSTKI AL» Ur_,-Uut5 FlUtK. UG-UUltO> US-Ou'46 FLY ASH. Ub-i-Oib HYDRAULIC S Ub-fH29 LOC^» Ub-0l29» US-0130 MANURE. US-Uul.j ANIMAL L>. CLOSURE. US-OOlo PAPt-R L'UbT. UL-OOM US-00<;3 Ur.-OBj5» Ui>-0lio&. Ui-.-OuG9» U5-Uci71> US-0873 COLLLCTION OF .-Jbob COUVEYOff Ub-0021» Ub-00-Uu37 UlSTRIbUTOt<» US-UOt;? LJECTOU. U->-OOUl HYuKAULlC bHOVLLf US-Uoob MAOi^LlIC- DS-0017 PhLlK'lATICr U->-0004. US-0046 SCRAPEk. Ub-U015f US-OU16 SYSTt M HALE'.R > U'j-0'j91 CHUTE > U'-.-Ohqi CONVCYUR. Ub-059i TRANSFtK STATIOiii US-0013 VACUO.lr US-Ou3X» U'j US-UUo3r Ijj-Uu36» US-OOo8f Ub-U039» US-U040f US-OOtl» U'j-0012» US-0015 HOU'ofHOLOf US-OUn3 COLLECT 10U VEI'iCLCb CAi^Tr US-OJuj» US-04:jft» U5-Ou86 A'-.5l.r«'l-LE.D» HUlit'OSE LFAVL.br U TAIJOLW. US-04bo UbLU M COIJJU^CTIOIJ L" KiCEPTACLL't V.ITH K^,', DUMP I30L)Y» Ub-LilTo UUAL POSiTlOM. U..-0130 tiG. US-Ou77 FOU SLAG POT. Urj-06b2 HOPPLR. IJS-Olj,?. US-Oo87 LOAbLRr Ub-Oljrtf U'j-0139> US-Ol'tGr US-0692. US-Ob93 AUTuI'.ATIC. bOO, i. U ti'jCKET. Ub-umu. US-OlHi. U'>-01b2 CRA,,L. us-oi'+o tlib TYPL. Uo-UJ47» LATCH. Ub-0l48 LATERAL LOADING. US-Ob92 LIFTIMG ArtMS. Ub-068^. U'-.-0691 RAKu. US-Oli+0 LOW PtR'jCUfiEL RtuUlKCMENTr US-06o9 MAfJUkt. LS-01o8. US-0139. SHOVtl. . HS-Olbl TRACfOKr US-U142. U US-0147. US-014U TKAILLR. us-0b77. u Ub-UP.oo AOJJbTAbLL". US-Obbl bTA^ILUFK. US-0679 WITH ItKlNERATORf US-0289. US-03U1 COLLECTION VEHICLES - TRUCKS US-0037. OS-Got?. Ub-06o9 AUXILIARY BODY. US-06ti6 BALLR. U'i-0730 BULKY WASTES. US-0160 COMPART,.',i:tJTALULD. US-0729 COrWLKTI JLE. US-Ub80 CONVLYOKi Ub-0124. US-0672. Ub-0673. UL,-Obyb» US-0707 TUA.iOVCH'ot. DLADES. US-Ob9U DISCHARGER. Ub-0732 DOOR. Uo-0l2b DUVP bOuY, US-0121. Ub-0137 AUTui-'ATIC. US-011 ------- Subject Index 0,'J ROLLLrt TKACK. US-0117 PIVOTAi.. US-Ulia. U'_,-OoO(J POSlTI'jfu.D TO AVOID CYLIUlj\|U U'o-0727 LOADLKi Ub-UlbO» US-067Ur Ui,-0o'.)7 AUTOMATIC. US-07U2 1'UCKCTr uS-C13o» US-0137. Ub-0/29 TAILGAfL" IIOPPCK. UG-0720 E. PuATtUr Ub-0723. U-.-0724 HACisIfJG PLATE' US-0&96 PIVOTAL' US-U728 KAMf US-070ci bYl-ICIipOhULU V.ITH MOVEMENT Ol- PA.iTiTIONr US-0712 PIVOTAL TAILGnTL. US-u71b R£MOV/\DLi_ TAUn>. US-Oob8 SNOW. Ulj-0b73 SPRlNo LOCK fscCHAtllbM PKOVILES bTAL-ILITY. US-0127 STAblLl-iLN. Uj-U131 S1RCLT '-.'/.LEPIUG ATTACHMENT. OOUiLE PiSIOfJf UJ-Ot,99 FOK OIL L.RU;-;S» Uj-0m5 FKO.'iT LOADJl!(Gr U-L-U713 GUI.JF nAiLb» US-J671 LlFTIfJo »«:,:, • US-Oo7b TAILGATL POWLR SOUKCL. US-067b TILTAbLL ULU. US-0292. UL-0710. Ub-U7^'j TILTING MECilAuISM. US-0120 WITH INCINLKATOK. US-028J' US-Q2JQ, Ui>-0^92 COMMERCIAL I-.ASTLS DALE.K, US-Ob«7 DISPOSED. US-U632. U PACKER. US-0'j'jfj. US-OGOb UL-0/01 PIVOTAL. US-0719 PLAirOKM BcD MOVAliLL. US-U158 SWLLP PAuEL. US-U676 WITH Fv.CKEK. US-OG9br Uf_,-0o93. US-07o2. US-0713. FOK COnVLKSION FliOM TRUCK TO DUflP r.-U7Ccj» US-0709 COij:,LCrLD TO VEHiCLL uG-0731 COMPACTION MLCHAMSMS AIR Pi ------- Subject Index CONVEYCIo US-0707 CYLINDRICAL ROLLER* US-0717 GUItir H^CKS* US-071b HOPPER* US-0704* UG-0727 MOVABLE hLATEN. US-U723* US-0724 PACKER bi-AuE. us-G7i<+ PACKlNu PLATE. U->-Ob9u. U';,-Ooyi» US-07i.fi* US-0^8b PIVOTAL. US-0728 SYNCHRuNl?Eb ,vITil MOVEMENT OF PAUUVION. US-0712 TAILGATE HUPPLK* US-072U '.vlTH INSTITU1 KITCHLNr IxAMr US-Ob J'J» NiULTIPLL' SANITAKY LrtUu SCKt-V- COfJVc-YOR l!LATt» US-0721 Ub~0b9o US-06U4 us-0602 US-060-5 Ub-0602 US-0100 PkESS. US-0593 SQUCt^E DOX» US-Ob94 TKACTort OPt.KATc.Uf US-OoOO SL'L ALSO RL.OUCTION OF WASTES COiMPOSTHiG AL»DlH\/LSt U'j-0072 LUDGE » U >\'1MOII1A» US-0062 CMLf IC,L> Uj-OOBt) LIQUID' US-U079 SILICAr US-U070 Vt"«;iICLiLITLi US-U06U AEKATIOtlr US-OU47. US>-0051i US-0070r U'->-OU3l> US-0085 Ub-uUr,6. U-.-U037 CONTROL* US-OUfa4 AGITATIO'it US-U062* bf,-u063> US-UOi(ur U .-UU68 AUALKOIilCr U-.-UU73 CO:-,nilJAT10N» I'lCKOOiiu'-rasMr US-0068 AfJALYSIS' U^-OUu(s HATCH* US-UULiO CGU* US-OOi)6 COMPACTION. OS-U073 CO!JTiU)L. Uo-00b9. US-Q079. US-u07b» INDUSTRIAL WASTES. US-OUofl INOCULATION. US-U071 MAtJUkL* US-UOd3 PAPLK I.jOUSTKY WASTES. US-0076 PREPAKATICN Fo«» US-0061 PROCLSS. L'S-OObo. US-G072. US-0073. US-OU74. US-0077. US-0078. US-0079* US-OOSO' US-OOU,?. US-0033. US-0006* US-OOJM U/UJO* US-uObl PAR/\!'.ETLUS. US-OOb9 VENTILATEU CELL. US-OOb5 WIN^CCWII.'G. US-OOol> U->-OOb2. US-UU6b. US-OU67. US-0069. U'j-0071 ROTATINu URUf.',. US-OU51. US-OOJO. US-OU70. US-OOUO COMPARTMENTALIZED. US-OObO SEPARATING. US-OUb'M US-OOfab. US-0073 bY WEIGHT. US-0762 SEWAGE. US-OOb3» US-OU6b. US-uOo7 SLUDbE. US-U04Q SPRtAulNG. US-0063. US-OObb SYSTLM. US-0(jb9. US-0060 TANK. US-0053 TIME. Uo-00b8. US-0069 TOXIC WASTES. US-008b SEE ALSo D1GESTOR CONTROL SYSriHS COMPOSTING TEMPERATURE* US-0075 INCIICRATOR. US-0373 AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT. US-0227 BUR -LR. US-0369. US-0370 DOOK. US-03o9 LIGHT ACTIVATLD bALLH. US-OSSU, US-Ob85 PRESSURE ACTlvATLD bALLR* US-ObBO SOUND ACTIVATED CHARGING RATE* US~Ot>bl WATER ACTIVATED LllSrOGtR* US-Obi8 WATER FLOW ACTIVATED UISI'OTfK. US-Ob31* US-0633* (I'L'HATLUi US-063H f U'.-o, \|.,7» u:,-ul)lj9» . U--iU,o'»» U'.-iitliil U'j-OU/1. U-.-Oubl CONVFYOP ASH. 434 ------- Subject Index ( Lf-'.OVAi , US-OU2o bALLi.. Ur>-L)'.)77 UOTTi-LS. U'.-U022 COf.LilfJtL) WITH TiUlHCH EUUII1, I. NT. US-OloO COi-iPUbTIUG. US-U049. US-GOb2» U'j-00\|j7» Ub-0u60» uS-0064 UISTUIbUTOK. Ub-OG27 INCIIiUiATOK. Ub-02ob. US-02b7» CllA!;GIilG MECHANISMS. US-GJ41 COM,iINi_D WiTM CRUSHER. U'..-0«:9J li4 UUCT» LOAOLH. US-l,o?.'J MAUUi'T. i U'j-0019 PIP£LlNt> Ub-00«. ROTARY KlLiir U^> SChLf N» US-079U SS.PAI ATliJG MLCH/ » Ub-07b7f Ub-o7oO SLAOf US-OU^J US-0871- US- K.S» U-.-Qii28f ST;;LC T LIFTAiJLL" US-0077 TI-'AliDVLUSE LLAUubr U ..-0694 TI'UCK > US-o,-^b> lJS-Uc.90f Uij-Ut)7^» U'.-UU73» US-0707 CHUTl. » U'^-Uo','U CRUbiiLR OOTTLCt US-0557- BULKY ttAT. CAiif US-Ohtjd FLOUi LbCuNf LIGHTS' US-05b4 GYt;/O Ifj^i U'j-0bo7 MOU!jT/,;>l_f u,fi O'uxPAoE CAtJ- MOi/A''.LL I. ALL- U!,-Obhi> OIL . Mj'- i' U )-0'ou2 SAF Lit vAL^/L- OS~0'jo7 CYCLOtil . Uf.>-07:iy CATALYST. uS-07u7 HIu'1 Vul.OC IT Y » uS-U770 Dli-INKIUGt Ub-Oblili US-Obl4 ACT1VL AGfcfiT. Uj-0l)09 DHWATCKllJG ,-iCCHANiS;-:S AGITATOR. Ub-07bt> UURNLrt blllELD. US-023ii CtMTHIFUGALr US-0818 COLUMtJ bAFFLE_f Ub-0108 CctJIRIFUbAL MOVEMENT. DEWATERI.NG COiJDUIT. Ui-0015 OKYEk COr.BINCU WITH CtNTKlFUGE. U5-07ol if Ub-0111 E.VAPORAT10IJ. Ub-U821 FLAbH Di US-0109. US-0110» Ub-0112r US-0113 FOR bAGASSE. US-051B FOR COAL SLUf.RY' US-OalO GAS HKF.'->SURE TANK. US-07b4 HEAT TRANSFER CHAMdER. Ub-0107 HEATtU TUfiL* US-0113 INClhlLR<«TOKr OS-u2ib» US-0216 PEAT p ILTLR- Ub-0fc20 ROTAt. US-OU99 CONVt.YOK. US-U030 INC1I4ERMTION. Ub-OU9ft» US-0099 US-0099 SEPAKAT1UG. DISPOSER BAFt-LL. Ub-0b3b' US-Oo3a CHAi-.tiLH Sn?AI!jIuG GROOVES. US-Ot>i6» 435 ------- Subject Index US-Oo24 hATEK ->EAL» US-Oo'fl COMMERCIAL WASTES, U^-G UOMu-SilAPt-lO SCREEN* US-02fal UHAFT COU1ROL. US-0243 CONTKOL SYSTEM AUTOMATIC. US-06J9 CLOSUf-V. US-Oo2'j FLO,-, S_NjITIVE» US-UGlB. US-Ou31' US-L)Lio3 '.VS CPLkATuU. INDuCTiU.i COIL STOPS OPERATION IF blLVERwARE PRESENT. US-U643 FOOT GPLnATEL). U£>-OG29 REVERSES IMPELLER ROTATION, US-OuH.2 cover' CUP-SHAPt-Dr U5-OoSb DRAIN Ti28 ROTAKY DRU.i. Ub-0ol7 ROTARY lMPt_LLLK» Ub-O62it US-Uo27 CHARGIfJG MECHAIJl^fU US-Oo26 S:-. TO rJ-j» US-06'+6 KOTOf<» FL SCREEN. US-Ool7 US-U645 bPIkALf JS-0621r U5-0622 SUKEDUUjG i0x CABLES. US-0116 CRANE. us~oiifa DUAL POSITION, US-0130 LATCH. US-0122 LOCK. US-U13U SUPPOkTINu FRAME, US-0122 VIP,- US-087(>. Us-0f(7y, US-UB90 PIVOTAL FRAHE, us-u6Ji TRAP UCOK. U'j-oiJ^ HYDk/«uLIC, US-0120, US-0121. us-ui.i-> LOCK, Uj-0129 436 ------- Subject Index DUbT i'LAkb FOR LO;iVL!<5IO!J FKOi", Ti'-UCK TO OU'iP IKOC.iv. Ub-ol.Lu MOVAL.LL FLoa.» ub-oo/7 bPRli.j LOCis .-.tlUIANIb.l Pl->Jb77, US-Cbol UNLOADING i-HuTt.. US-J171 COLLECTION. OS-000<+ i LLCTi'vSTATIC PRt.CIPlTATOR. US-UUlo f.AO if.TIC, US-001 7 b.iht.PEK ..MICH Ub~S FOAM. U3-UO'tOr U5-00'-t?r CO.JT'.OLU 0» uS-0033 COUTKOLLED CYCLOULi U' U'.:,-U770r cl lAKGf ' Ub-OOOJ, US-0709» U5-08b7 -U7J.7» US-0791 rLCCTi-'USTAI 1C PKi-CIPITATuKf US-0/b-.» US-07'.9 StL. ALSO Sn,.-ET CLLA,,El«b jSIOiJ COilTKuL ASH COLL(-CIO.51 IUCI ;LUATO,-0244» U5-024'j. CAKKlEO ON A TRUCK. US-0291 LOOR» Ub-0223 EXHAUST -oY'jTt'Mt U'j-0305 HYUKOXYLATIVL CO,- OUL US-02.)h !-iULTISfO.,Yr OXYut ,'4 AIi<» US-0319 l;t.Ff-.;,CTo,;Y PlL ..Al!-_:< tU ,T»Mt:» LXCAVATIigQ ;-)LCHAIUSr-ib BUCKt_T» Ub-Ul/2» Ub-019'j CLA.1 bilLt.L TYPE. US-017&. Uo-0179. Ub-Olbl. U3-Olyl CLO_,irib KuCHANISM, U'3-0175 WlTil bCRLLNt Ub-019o BULLuOZr.H. US-01d2. Ub-0183 ANGLLD L3LADL. Ub-UlB7 ULA^L bTAblUIZINO DtlVICEf U-,-01Ub COMJlfiEU bTHAlGHT AND ANGLE DIGGING. Ub-0178 FKA.-ir. us-oiyo LOAudR. Ub-0170 KIPt'It.G TLETHr Ub-0177 COMLilUEU UULLUO^ER ANu SIIOV1-L. US-U173» US-Ol(iO» U3-Olat COMlKOL bYSTLM BLAjE. Ub-0198 DITCH DlGGErt. US-0191 LOAbLK COIJVEYGK. US-0200 OVEKhCAUf Ub-0141 SCRAPuR. Ub-C199» US-020U SIlOVtL' US-01w5» Ub-0189 TRACTOK CCWLkTLo TO, Ub-017t, Ub-01/o» Ub-0lt;2r US-U183 TRriiCH-bl&GlNv, JEEP. US-G1B3 EXTKUDEK, Ub-OOl? FEE-'J SUf'PLE-^UT FROM OAi HULLbr Ub-0492 FROM REFUSE FROM SLAUGM1EKHOUSE WASTtlSr SILAoE FROM GKEEU CROPS. Ub-0497 FERMENTATION SEE COMHObTItJGi DIGESTOR FERTILIZLK COMPOST AS. US-Q047. US-0049, US-uOu'tr Ur,-OUb^), US-OOb8. Ub-0077. Ub-0070 FRO' i CANTOR E'LAU POMACE. Ub-OHoo FROh MANUIvE. US-U487 FROM MLTAL i-iliME w FROM pf:fKOLLLI!1 PITCH. US-0468 FROM PKKLJIJG HGUOR, Ub-0<4?4 FROH SE.vAOL» US-Ob2U. US-Ob21 FROM bE. ------- Subject Index FROM SLURRIES. US-04-t,9 FROM WOOD. US-U499. US-Ob03» US-ObuT. CHEMICAL PROCESS. us-ObUb GRINDING. Ub-ObOo HEAT EXCHA.JO-R. US-UH75 SPREADER. US-Oo.il, Uj-Ui>43» Ub-oa<+<» Uj-ua49. us-uasi LIQUID US-UOU9 WOOL) CHIPS. US-ubl3 SEPARATING. US-OblO FIbER bALLR. US-UL.78' US-Ob8b DISPOSER. Ub-0bl2 FROM ,VOOD. uS-Uob5 PULPLR f!OTARY IMPELLER. US-056i (\OTOR rtlTH VANES. Ub~0b7l) RECLAMATIOii, Ub-C5l6 SEPARATING MECHANISM^* US-0735 CLNTRIKUwAL, USING .»ATEI- US-07i4U SEPARTliJG MECHANISMS MAGNL.T1C. Ub'-07b2 U604. US-Ort08 b. US-OQ07 SIZE. Ub-0272 SLE ALSO PAPi-R INDUSTRY WASTLS FILTHATIOU AGITATOR. OS-0792 CLOGGI.Mfa PhEVEiJTtD. US-0704 COIIUIuED WiTH bCRUUouKt US-079I* COMuIfJL'U WITH SETTLING TANK. Ub-0793 CONVEYOR SCIUFN HEATED AIN. US-0/90 FLUID1ZCO uEu. US-07n3 SCREEN. US-078h» US-U787 ELECTRICALLY CHAkGCD. us-o/ya PORTABLE. US-078a UIJUER PRLSSURE. US-0789 FLUt_» U'j-0^16 DUAL SYbTt-1. US-0221 Rt'-COJILiUSTvJrt. US-031'J WASTE Mil AT UTILIZATION. US-0219 FLUIOIZLD Ht.D REACTOR M TLRIiUiUJEK* Ub-OQ08 AGITATOR. US-0^76 DRAFT CONTROL. » US-0272 DUAL CHAVbi_Rr Ub-03U4 EXHAOST STACK. US-O^Ut GAS DISTRIBUTOR PLATt.. US-0^7fa GKIiJL.Li<. U^-Oob'J HIGH f,OlSTu,--0.}bG NODULES. US-Otbo RLCIKCUL.ATEU 10 COMilUSTION ChAt/,t3ER. US-03b2» Ub-OJb3 SEPARAT1I.G, US-0352 SINTLRl.JG, US-0477 SPREADEK STOKER > US-Oj53 UTILIZATION AGGxLGATL, US-OU6o COAGULANT, Ub-047fl FOLIAGE BALER. US-OSBtt COLLLCTION. Ub-004tt. US-0396. US- 0 Ob a CART. US-u39o. US-OHSB SwfLPER» us-uaab INClNt.RATOI;< uS-U25b. US-02b9 ATTACHED TO A LAWIviMOiVER. U'j-0260 OPEN i' Ub-U2o2 FOOD PROCESSING WASTES CITRUb FRUITS RECL/»MATIOfJr US-0489 WASTE HEAT RECOVERY. Ub-0490 DISPOSED . Ub-OftHb MARGARlut, US-OH96 SEPARATliJG CONVEYOR » Ub-0760. US-0761 FURrjACE ALUMINUM. uS-Ob30 METAL-SCRAP, US-US29. US-0533, US-ub-io CHARGING. US-Ob'+S PREliEATIt.'b. US-OSH3 RECLAMATION. US-libtl MULTIPLE f'.t-D. Ub-0uic» DISCH-\RGL ROTATlllj. U N'ETAL-SCRAI'f US-Ulv.3 ROTATINo SALT BAIIt. U'_,-0'j29 SEPAHATIIiG. Ub-Ub30 438 ------- Subject Index PLASTIC. US-C5<2 GAKUACE CAi, co(jvt_Yo;; Aiiu RACK u HOLOLR. us-o<+59 POKTAULt.' Ub-04ou LID» US-03ci7» Ub-039^ ACTC, Aa A U.USilCR. US-O'UIO -CMANiS',. us-oo.,9 G A DISii.'FLCrAul . US-OJ9.). US-04 J7 GULL). UG-0'b4r UG-U'iol WITH AiJIMAL SHUCK DEVICE. U;,-U't01 WITH CrtUSH^tO US-Ob'jo» US-OL.u4 GASIFIl^K SLAG> US-Ob'ji GRATE. U'j-Ui.'STr OS-lj^58 UA!-U,t.>l SOUi;U uLTELTOR. ub-Go'jl COiJVt.YG,( K.K-CR. US-i;b4a uUbT COLLtLl^R. Ub-OoriU, HAN-,.;( P.-ULL f-LAlL TYF-'F. U5-Ooo7 OCK..LIU uG-Uob9 flCSPIT/iL I'.MbThl). Ub-U6u2 PLASTIC » Ub-0o66 PULPi_l<» US-U6t>4 ROTAKY ui-Uil. US-U649. US-06b3. wlTii COhVt-YOKi Ub-OGo6 ROTOK, Uf,-OoS7 SCRLi_l< TrPE PLRii'hfc-kAL DISCHAKGE. Uj-UoSO SUCTlOiJ TYPc.. US-OofaO VIHRATLJG FLUiUIZLD PARTICLES. U'j-Cbbf) WATfi< SPRAY. uS-OObO WET. US-OG'JL). US-Obo2 WOOU ,;A->TLS» US-Ot')61 YIELUIIJG GROUIJD wooo PULP. U-.-06bb HAK.'CRMILL CRUSHbR AUTOMOUILL. US-Obt>6 GRIUULR' US-Obb9. Ui.-U6fa7 TOILLT COiJlJcClEiJ COMWINUTLR. Ub-U6oG HAZARDOUS WASTES AGITATO, >. Uo-U20? cor;PojTino» 1.^-uoiib It-lClui_RA10R» uS-0201. US-020'4. US-U2.J5. US-0206. US-0207. US-U2Ja. US-0^,:'n TYPF. US-0210 oRAU . Ub-0203 GRATLLLSS. US-0212 kOTAl-,Y URUM. US-0211 MtTAi_ R.u.RfL KE'JIUUE KbN.-JVAL. US-Ob28 KADIOACIIVL l-.ASTES. US-0209. US-0?K5 SEE ALSo HOSPITAL WASTES HEAT Lxci.,\'j^n<» Ub-uous. us-o3ii. US-tjJj'J, US-UJ.?4. US-0377 hl-'^uT ALL1C. US-036B COOLiUG OF P/.iiTICULAT£ MATTER. US-JM 7-j TUilULAK. US-H36U HOPPLK COf-'PACTjKr Ub-01.52. Ub-0720 CONi.LCTui' Tu Sf"P,\l-ATOi<» US-0133 DlSCii/iRor, C.1UIL» Ub-Uibb HYDKAULIC OPLKATIG;,! CGM.IIIJEU WlT/( CLLAiJluG TLU1U f-J 439 ------- Subject Index INCIKLUATOK. Ub-02b2 LID. US-(Uu3 LOAU'R. US-Ou9U SAtiu. U'S-O.i'jt STREET U-EAhuR. U'_,~0,»7b. U'.i-o«7t.» us-Uo79i us-uaai. US-OB90 TKUCr r Ur,-070l4f US-071.br HOSPITAL WASJLb iir Ub-0203. Uj-02U4» RO'iAHY G.-.IUAR. US-Ofab2 .-.AT[_H ,.A-.Hr US-Ou62 HYUKOCAKnUNS PYKOLYSIS. U'->-OOR9» US-U090 ! UKIjACiI. U'j-0091 1NCINERA1 lOfJ uJILL» US-U277 Tt.MPCRAToRh. COi-JTi (5ULKY WASTLb' U'j-032^ CCKiiCOoG- uS-0<::u6 COTTOii C.IN l^.SU-'S. U:>-0267 IIJSTALLCu liJ CHli'lfJLY. Uj-0-tl INiTALLLo IU KITCHEN CAl!I,.(_T. US-0219 IIJbULA IL -» US-02 Jti (jiiLAitr Ub-OoOi HAZAKUOUS .vA'oTtS LXPLOSlvr ftMSTtS Ub-020b HIGH MOISTJK.. COI4Tt.NT HOSPITAL V./ibT US-U204. Uj ir;uuSTi;iAL w.v O'j-02:-l Oi'oMjK. li/JTITUTIo IAL Uj-UtiOo. U'.. Uj-U I.T.- j.-' f L/M ',--.. ..I • U3-Uiri> Cl',_ ,r ,,.,-Uc-,,? US-u203» bf L/S-0207 US-u211f US-0317 METAL CHEMICAL TA MUNICIPAL i' 0^-1) U'->-03oVr U'j-UilOi Uii-0317* MLLI. Ui RADIOACTIVE US-u213 US-Oi;09* » US-OHuO» US-Ob01» D8u4 • 01.-OJ07 ON.JLCTLD TO TOILET. U >- J8U9 AGITATOfir Ub-0811 t-.uOwLK» Ub-Uhll DLououiziNG CATALYST > PYROLYTIC. US-OH12 SCKAl'LR. Ub-0012 KOTARY TELiJLR. US-0613 . US-OBlo V,ATH< IvrlCOVEriYr Uo-0814 . US-Uii2. US-0799» US-URu'jr UL,-Ool'o CLNIRIFUCAL ATOMUER. u..-oaio CHAi-toIIJG. US-0802 URYIi.G .-IbCHAniSKS SLOPING ClXEt-EfJ. US- U 34 3 WOOL: rtAolLb. US-U26b. US-0268. Ub-J2o0f UL,-0270 Ub-0^41. Ub'-028o AFTE KuU.. Ub-0214. US-0233. AUTOf-ATIC INDICATION OF NuFu KOR. Ub-O-ibt CONVEYOR. US-U024. bHAMNO AbbL -l-LYi Ub-03l>b AUXILIARY FUhiiACL. Ub-03b7 440 ------- Subject Index iSAFFLL, US-U223, US-U292, Ub-U310 I'r-ftrup.d-U* us-u-u3Vo HF:/>T CO;JIKUL» us-03?o OIVI'ATiOl; uLPEUDuNT OH Kt.F'O Jt. V.LIClUr Uo-0217r U'j-0233 StlILLb» OS-0232 TJMt: COfJTRuL» US-0369 CARDON AKCf UL-0207 CA«[ U CAUSING A VOKTEXt US-0326 CONTKOLr US-02861 US-0373 L'FfCCTr US-U371 • U'j-0260 PORTABLE' U'j-0253 UrJDERFutJf U'o-02o7 WIRL f'.i-StU US-02b3 CHARblfJG, RoTwR» U'o-0230 CHIMNEY. U_>-0250 CHUTE » us-uj-t9 CLINKER COHtjKIEO ivn.i .vATcK riEATERf U'j-03-jY cof» COtJfJLCTLD TO bTOKAGE AREA. U5-02ci9 CONSTRUCTED FROM COMMERCIAL DKUMr US-Oi'^7 CONTlNUOUSt Ub-0230 CONTROL CIRCUIT* US-0227 CONVLYO,<» US-u2fabf US-0267* Ub-02-jlr U COIJI1UUOUS. US-0341 WITHIN DUCT» US-0349 COOLINO, SYSTLi«ir oS-02u2» CIUJjHLt<» US-029U. US-0291 CYCLOID SEPAI'.ATOKf US-0268 CYCLONIC KEACfORf US-0817 DAMPLRr US~02^b» US-Oof>4 TtMPERATUKE COIJTHuLLEDf U^-02'j.O DISTRIBUTION UEVICE» US-0340 UOORr US-0219r U US-024Jr UL,-0247r AUTjI-.ATIC. Ub-0369. US-0372 URAKT CONTROL* US-0223 ELECTRICAL LATCH, US-0225 Li-!l->SIOiJ COtJTKOL, US-0223 PKEv/ENTS SMOKE LEAKAoE, TEMPERATURE RESISTANT& Uj-0371 DRAFT CoUTKuLi US-021o, US-02^9. US-0236, US-0237» US-0243, US-02t>2r Ub-02b3» US-02o3. US-02o5r US-02b6r US-U2oB» US-0279* Ub-0296» AUTOMATIC* US-0223, Ub-0231 COMJUSTIOI4 AIR, US-027t COMPRt'SbEU AIR, Ub-0313 bPlHAL» Ub-0^u7 TUYL,!F> Ub-U318 DRY OISriLLATiOfJ. US-0236. Ub-0239 DRYING* US-0216' Ub-0217, Ub-02H5, Ub-0314 AuNULAU HLARTH. Ub-0312 ELECTRIC, us-02ib FILtt-R* Ub-027o DUAL Cll.i.-1ULi<* US-0239, US-U284, Ui>-U2JLj» US-OJUb LOW URAKT, US-028o DUCT, U'>-C2bO CO,'JiJLCTf,n 10 ELEC1RIC. US-02'45. US-0227* 441 ------- Subject Index ELEJTNT AFiKANGENiuNT. US-IW+ EMIbbloi; CulJlRuL. Ub-0204. U'j-U206» U0-U^21» US-U220* US-U229. Ub-U^31. US-02.33» IigCLlilE.Ur US-0^o4» U MOVABLE* Ub-022br Ub-0246» us-02yo* Ub-0298. Ub-U3Ub* US-U30fa« US-03bt>. Ub-U35a. US-U359. Ub-0366 AbH COLLECTOR* Ui>-0.5<>3 uLO,;ER» US-ij222* Ub-03bl FLY AStl bCKt.LNr 05-U307 SCKUEfii-K* US-031or US-0362. Ub-0753 SLPARATI^G MECHAuIShS. G CHAfltitRt Ub-03bb STACK COuNLCTaj» US-03bl EXHAU'oT SYbTLiJl» US-OoOb «(ftT[:R SPiUbroi\» US-0315 I'.AbTE HLAT UTILISATION* FLY AbH COLLECTIONi U5-OU35. US-U275. Ub-029S)r Ub-03;jlr U VvA"!i_f'. SPHAYi US-036U IN STCMH uLhEKATiNo UNIT* KtClRCULATLD TO COWtiUSTION CliAMuLR* US-03b2» FORCED DHAFTf Uj-02H^» U Ub-02o8» U'j-Ut94f iJS-u306» Ub-0320. GASEb COOL H-13 AI'\» Ub-03tJ2 WAILi-, bPKAY* US-0382 C.liA,,CI,Ju Me CIIAlU-.MSr UK if t'-vu' U-j-u20.i UUbT COulKOLt Ub- US-0343 TO RtFUbEI WEIGHT* U-.-U217* US-022b SERIAL, Ub-0a43 VERTICAL. US-03HH TUYERE* Ub-0266 VAULTtU' US-0321 VIB.iATlhCf Ub-0292» US-03bO WIDt. SPACED OARSr Ub-0342 GRATELEbb. US-OU96* US-0212 HEAT EXCIItUJfaLH, US-U311r US-03b9» U US-0377 UI-i>:E1ALLIC» HOOD. Ub-D246. US-024U. US-0302t US-032B HOPPER* U5-U2b2* US-0373 HYDROXYLATIVC COMBUSTION* U5-02J.lr Ub-0237 IGNITIO.J SYSTEM* US-0297. US-02 Jii INCLINEJ CYLIUDLK-TYPLi US-0306 INCLIfMEJ MEAMH CENTRAL CONICAL CO.JF IGUuATION* US-U283 LANCE FuR DlSlRIUUTIMfa AIR. US-U3JC LAROE CAI'ACITY. US-0340 LID. US-0?.2d OOMc-SHAI'tD SCREEII. US-0261 PYRAMID-SHAPED* us-o263 REMOVABLE. Ub-0263 LIGHTWEIGHT* Ub-0249 LOW HEAT PRODUCTION. US-0230 MANlKOLO* US-(j3bb MULUCtUNiEKf Ub-0206. Ub-0235* US-u24U. Ub-02U2. US-02LoO. US-02-J3. US-0311* US-0322* DIVIDED f Y GRATES. US-0314 MOCULE Af.bEMULY* Ub-0324 VERTICAL* US-0321 MULTIf-LL HEAKTH RAKt . Ub-U3l4 RELEASE NLCHANISM. ub-0313 'rtE'Vit U !';Ui_TI-PLK(-uRA FED U aTcj» u' MULT1IHI il'tSL • MUL1 IbT >>.( » Ub-0216* UG-U217. US-03>iu 442 ------- Subject Indev MULTlSTol'Y. US-U222. U<:,-022';f US-0^4') IN'jlJLA IL,;F U'j-UP'lS OIL OPLlj. Uj-U<:^( US-U27b PI r TYF'L* uS-Oj,!7 I'GiU.J'.Li;. US-0.-37. US-U2/-2. US-U,?9'jf US-U324. COLLAP->I -Lc.1 US KFCElVIf.C Ui ,;•[):.(•{ TKUO uLLlVLRYf 00-0323 RLSl^Uil CO'-, !/!U. l-.LLY VAL.uAtjLE.r- U'.,-Oor.ii KE.S1UUL 5Tu:<,\Gt. AREA. US-0301 RLToi-'T TYf'L. US-03dO SAiJU TH'tP. Uj-UL'70 SHAf'T TYI-f.' '..S-'J20U» US-OJO^ 5 i ! ! < t_ 1 ' :J - ' ' -J j - 0 J 1 SLAw ' U .-ii^ ... SPCC! AL IHJ, (•-.'_,:. LA,-.',. (J..L > Ul>-fj^..O OUT.OOu. US-C37,-! l,Lti;;"A I 1 ..J^L AKL'.Sr US-O^H-6 SHll-'ji U ;-u?01 STAC.'.' u'-'-oc1 '<+' uu-o^aar U_,-i)^lo SIACf -TYI'L. ' 05-0309 iTLl'i LU PLATLSi US-U^02 br'tlL A! -K» Ufj-U JbJ' TEf-PLRATUi-^ LOhTi:OLr Uj-C02 U j-ilu'io' U'>-i.i,:'t 1 » u%-i;^»o« U^-o-Xor- U'-.-o^4-i» u'.-uool bc>c: or L..AL AS FUL.L. U', -(..;., » ,-.AT, i- .ji' f Y, li:,-..3j>, TOKOHiAL Cti/v,.1 -I-,. U'j-o.'oj i 'II' (- ...... I ~» ' -) ' U -> - U .-'l -I 2 A..J I IOK i/o. iTALf UllDERuf U.j-0^'jl KAI.UIiGf US-U2D1 USING AIi!('LAt,t. LXHAUbTr VLR1 ICAi. TU»Lr U',- WALL* US-i'.'i'^ AIR ( OULtUf ' i"-.- tuliO LTf • LI -i'nH / Cui^rJJt','" Tt i » .JS-U''V';? , U-J-G;-: AI UHAr T C 0,>T" . L • US-0 AIM CoOi-i.IU 'i'.;-u3t..l FfU.itl ATS Mil, U'.,--037b FlML'.RICKr U-,-02"/) r'tRl OlvA ft. Lir US-0/(..7» U'-.-fJt Vj7f U ,- 03!'. 3 HLPU CTJI • i. ,~UMl Ki.r--;An (..I * r '.'•-- j?,-,s -s'ASTu H.A I l;T il.l/AllOf.f US-nlo' US-u2'j't U',-(i;-71. 1'S-J319» US-037'tt U'..-<)< il Ul.-.-KKir w i i",)/t !) LOuSf Uj-o;v/J ULI;-'.L inu'/aioi! UNIT. U j-U^.il tLEv-HIC (0,.th Ot ..EliATIONf U..-0 j /7 FUl u C'.'^-.t.RVATlOtlf US-O'Mlb bAr, IL'K^Jut:. bS-Ujbo U-:,-t,v70' ! UL1 It,'/ POMt.HTi l/j-U3'.50 Ui;Y'l .u. U j-,) u, s WI"0 .!') , f LiS-D i .-< i, ici- M! " i f fj- <.''' 7 v.'Ih'L f f..,H r, Lffl.MLi r U->-02L.'»f (I-,-,, >__., SLF />LS.) FUJI ,I/H :U :,' Kl ACTOR! PYKjL YSIS, l:OT.\l;Y K4l U Sl !' I At. ., .' \1 L '. COLL i i. r r . I , > .,K< . ,' uu,)'+ C 0' I ^ , [ . > i ',-,,,. , vy>L\,/, , I. i .. , ' I I ' ' I!. . u J .'./..!< i,, ', ; . . . 1 . I ' , ' T .J I M < T I I J , ! < f ------- Subject Index LEATHtlK U.^-J41J4 PAPt-R IIIOU'jTUY V.ASTE'-. COMPOSTING* US-Uo<;^ RECLAMATION* US-u'Jly PYRGLYSIS* US-0092 SEPARATING MLCHAN1SMS* US-0734 r>Y ftEI-jHTi OS-07-tl CENTRItUuAL. US-0777 SMALL UTILIZATION CONCRETE* Ub-OiOi LAI.O ULCLAMMI-oUi US-0103 SLAUGHTL'PHOUSE WASVEo COiJvERlLu TO FERTILIZER. U'.>-OV;).i CONVERTED 10 TALLOw. U'j-Otyl STLLU PICKUI..G LIQUOii CONVEKTL^ 10 FLT U1.-0474 TFXTILE '-''ILL' US-OOUO INSTITUTIONAL .«jTfc-'j IliCIUL'RATOur Ub-OaOUf US-Oc06» Uf\ATLLi_S'->» US-0212 KOTAfiY L)-;Uf-'.r US-0211 LIOUIO TP.E.AT, E!92 LIFTING /,(',. 'ij'f US-067S US-06a3* US-U6-J1 MAIJUKL* U'->-Uljb» Ub-0139. US-Ul;iO» US- 0 Ih 7 OVFRHEAJ TYPf , US-Oltl PACKING ULAUL* Ub-069o PLATFOR.i l-LU LL. * US-0158 :t.O I't VEHICLE-* RAKE. U SCOOP, US-014J* US-0167 SHOVt-L. US-0170 SINGLE KM-1. US-U147 SNOW, US-0866 SPECIAL PURPOSE. US-0692 tXC/vVATIUb* US-OlHl OIL [ji?UMS» US-OlUb SWEEP PAUEX. US-U676 TRACTuR, LJb-0141. US-omu* US-0147. US-01H8 TRUCK. Ub-Oof/^. uS-Ot.70* US-0671, US-Ot>71, US-Ob78. US-06'n. US-Oo9b. US-0702 DOU.JLL PlSTOfl. US-0Qs)9 FKOuT LOADING* US-0713 NON-CliANlJLLLING TYPE. U^-0701 PlV-jTAL* US-0719 POWi.KS TAILGATE* US-Ob7o WlTri PACKt-R* US-Uu9b* US-07U3* U',-0704 GUIoE KAILb* US- ;671 444 ------- Subject Index MANURE COMBINED MILL. MIXER. AND SPREADER. US-Ob'Iti CONVERTED TO FEt5U LOADER. US-0019, US-U115. US-U136. Uo-0140. US-0167> FGKK TYPE. US-0139 uS-03-57 SCRAI'tR. US-GOlb. US-0016 SEPARATING CONVEYOR SCREEN. Ub-0790 SPRLAUER. US-Oo2Bi U . Ub-0h37» DOU.iLE ROLLtRr U FACING SURFACED HLAIL fYi-'Er US-0336 STOkAbt.» Uj-J&bO f-,ETAL-SCKAP ALKALI METAL CONDUCTORS. US-0538 ALUMlNUi-1. US-Ot;30 TIOU. US-U533 E EJECTOK, US-0572 CHAKCIIJG I'.'JX COMPACTION. US-Ob20 CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION TAtJK COI./JLCTtu TO INCINLRATOR. US-0317 COMKRESSIOlNif Ub-0531 CONVERTED 10 FERTILISER. US-052C CRUSHER. US-u5oo. US-0569 AUTOMOUILE. US-US69 FURNACE DUAL CiiA' f UG-0529 ' US-Ob27 HOUSING. SL'PARATI,,Gr US-Uj LEAD l.ATTLULS. US-l)j3b. US-0537 FUHfjACc. US-05^0 PACKLH. US-Oo02 RAUI-' 101,5. Uo-0',36 KLCL/'MATIO.ii U FUKf-jACi_. CHAK PRLh^AUhG. US-ub43 IMPACTIOtJ. U PARTICLES. US-053 KIVLKGEO. US-0540 Ub-O&bl. Ub-05b2 US-05bO. FERKOUS. us-0522 ROASTINo. US-0&22 SEPAKATillG ALU.1INUM FROM FERROUS MtlTAL. US-0521 bY WEIGHT » US-Ob21> US-0&07 US-OD4U WIRE. US-Ob42 MAGULTK. US-0607. US-07ua, US-07t8. US-0750 SHREUOEK. US-U557 HAZAKUOOS WASTES. US-0202 MUNICIPAL WASTES INCINERATION. US-02a2. US-0203. US-0200. US-0293. US-0294. US-02y9. US-0307. US-OJ09. US-0310, US-0317. US-0318 RECLAMATION. US-04H5 OCEAN DISPOSAL DY bAKGL.. US-0014. US-0094. US-OO-Jb COMTAINcR. US-0094. US-0102 METAL SCRAP UTILISATION [iKEAKwATCRf US-Ob34 PACKAGINo WASTES. U'-.-049o PAPLR HALl.K, US-Ob7y OE-lNKln&. 01,-ObOO SUIvf ACE ACTIVE 445 ------- Subject Index AorNTr US-0514 SHREOUER. US-OulO UTILI/ATIO.J Ab MULUi. US-0467 PAPER HJLUbTRY v.ASIcS COMPOSTING* US-U070. US-0082 FELbLK. US-OolO» US-0011 POLLUTION. US-UU46 PULPtK KOTARY IMPELLER* US-0563 ROTOR ..ITU VANLS. US-Ob7u RECLAMATION. US-051b. US-Obl9» US-tm^S SEPARATING Ub-U73br Ukj-U740 CLUTMt-U^ALf US-0772» U1.-0779 FILTH AUONr Ub-0 784 CO,,,UtJLLl VtlTM StTTLInG TAUK» US-0793 SCKEuMr US-07R9 UbliiO rtAKER INJECTION? MO MECHANISM. Ub-0391r Ub--0393 UAKPKOOr. U'o-0397 HLA1 btALLD. Ub-OHl7 HOSPITAL riASTLS. US-U391 PLASTIC, us-osoo. Ub-0392. US-0395. US--0394. U^-0429. US--0449 SLLr OPcUIUO. US-0392 SYSTLf-',. US-U394 BAG HOLDER » Ub-0u0fa» US-0"09r US-O'+l?. US-0420. US-0'29. SPENT ChLMlCALS RLCOVEuYf US-01472 PETKOLEU.-l It.-DU-jTKY WASTED KLCL/'MATIOur Ui-0627 PIPLLI!!L'-> COiJVLYOR, US-002B Pl.LU'-'ATlCr U'j-0031 VACUOMr US-Ou3a CLAbTIC KLCLAMATIOui U'->-0473» US-OUBl SAU1T«RY LANuFILLf US-0104 US-04'K5, U ADJUSTAJLu. UAG REMOVABLE THROUGH COIJTAIIJtR UOTTOi'l. US-atl6. US-0421 COLLAPSItiLE' US-0433 FIREPROOF. US-0434 LID. US-041U MLA,JS FOR OPENING BAG MOUTH* us-cmb. us-0457 MOU.iTABLE On A WALL. US-0410. US-0434 RINu SUPPORT DEVICE. US-0439. US-0442 bPRIUfa CLOSING UEVICL. .'i ft IRE r U US-Oo09 PYROLYSISr US-U092* US-02UO CATALYST» US-OOb9> US-0090 FURNACE • U'j-OOyl US-0089» PROCESS. Ub-bObOi US-0090r US-0092. Ub-U106 RLCYCLIIiGt U'j-0106 SLUuOE AND SLURKltlSf US-0106 WA'jTC HEAT UTILIZATIufJr r US-0213 Ub-02u9 RADIOACTIVE A'AiTuS INCItiLHATOi< ALAiHi U Dt\A[ T CO PIU:CIPIT kECL.r>TACLt.b WIRc CAGE i US-0408 CAN HOLuL'R. Ub-0403. US-0407. US-0412. US-04^1, US-0447. US- 04 59 AUTOMATIC. US-045C. PoRT^LLt. US-0450 CART. US-U365. US-05Ud EASiLY ASSEMfJLED. US-0455 FOR CANS. US-0446 FOR LEAVES* US-04b8 TrtO-CART STRUCTURE. US-0453 WIT.1 REMOVABLE RECEPTACLE. US-04bO. US-04b2 WITit REMOVABLE SNOW SKI. US-04o4 COLLAPSIbLE' US-0422 COMBiNEU (RECEPTACLE AND STEP STOOL. US-042d COwPAi ------- Subject Index GA,,,!Abu CA i CONVFYOK A,IU KACis* US-0<4o2 LIU. U-.-0'3,>7r US-0>/J» TO TERTILI^LR* ACTS AS CRUS.iEKi JS-04UO PLOAL UPi_R/arDf uC-04U3» US-0'»07» US-0411. TrfU-PAt-U-.9o RACK FOH TKA-jH L,ARK£LS» KLTKACTALLr. r SPECIAL PU A'jilhS. U'o-U4lbi SANlTAxY tJ Ubrl If; Aii AUTO,''iO^ILL» TRAUSMSSM;) HUN;P» us-uMiy USE ON A DCKTIST'S TRAY* USE IN S/JDA FO Ub-041-t UStl IN SPACE CRAt-T, US-0433 USE Otl SOi3MhRINL"J» U TRUCK-C/.PK1LJ COfJTAIiiER* UNIT ST.-0ljbl» US-Obb2 KRO.-l SLAGf US-ObbO LEAiJ uAlTLKHb. US-Ub35 KUR.^ACt.. US-Ob37 LEATHt_K» US-CH94 WANGANE^L* US-OS47 KAIJUKi.. US-UM67 MLTAL DUST. Ub-0477» US-0540 COUVLRTrll' TO AGGREGATE. U'.-.-Ob"32 METAL MINE rtASTi-. US-Ob2o METAL-SCRAP CHAuC.ING. US-0520 CONVLRTLD TO A URt^A KU«.JACE» US-05H1. US-Ob"+3 IKPACT10I,, US-Ob3V MUNICIPAL wA'jTE bLPAKATINu. US-Otiib OAT HULLS. US-0492 OIL SHALL. US-0170 PACKAoI.JG v-ASFtS. US-OU90 PAPLK CONVERTED TO KULCM* US-0467 DE-iUKIlMG. US-0509. US-OblU AHUIT1VE5* US-Obl2 PAPER lu'JUSTKY ..ASTLS. US-Obit.. US-Ob^b . US-OS15 PETRULEU-I PITclt. US-U460 PICKLITJj LI^Uuil. US-0 ------- Subject Index SLAUuHTl CO.iVtiULi; TO FERTILIZER* U'_,-Ut9.D CuiJVCRIEu TO TALLO',, U<>0'f9l FEEU SuPPLE -XNTi US-U49b SLULtGL ;IJ[) SLUKuIEb ACTIVATED CHARCOAL. US-Ool9 COUVLfTL.J TO FilKlILIZERr Ui.,-040 ) SPENT LIQUOR CHL'lIC.tLS RECOvT.KYi US-CT/^f US-UH/9 TALL OlLf US-0471 wuOD v.A'jTLb cciwnaEO TO BOA^D. us-050? CONv'CliTLJ TO nuILDIUG BLOCKS' f US-OjljO COlJVCKTLO TO CHAKCOAL» COIWLKiLU TO FERTILIZER ADUITIVESr US-Ob05 U'_.-Ob06 GRINMNO. US-0500 COIK'LKItu TO PULkf Ub-Ol->CHl COIJVLKTt-J TO SOIL US-O'jOl. US-O'j.02 US-0;;03 KL'CoVLKY RECLAMATION AND ,! bRIwUL'TTLf US-007J CLIUKL!<. U3-u02o CO-IPO'jl'irJG. US-007J PULPL'K UOTAKY IV,PtLLEK» US-05&3 r? ..ITH VAfjES. Ui-0570 Ub-Oj'juf US-Otj47 SONIC Ei;L.RoY> Ub-Obbb SCd ALSO l';vLiiRS COMPuCTION ^uCliM'jIS, ib! CHUSHLi',! uijijo([:i<; ORitiDLK! AND KOAu CO;.S ASM UTlLU.aiOut US-0<47o ROTARY isILIJ, U-.-U211, U'.-O^'jH ALllr US~03Ju CHAKoINu f.'LChrtNl'jMS' US-0332 COf-U'u.'jr.iiT COCSTKUCTIOlO CONVLYO,<» COOLtK> l) DKYlNb US-U3j2» US-07S)') INCLUJEiJ. US-U3Ub LIGUlu COLLECTOR. US-033i MOUnTLO ON A v/EtlICLE» U3-0333 lER' Uo-0330. Ub-0331i NONCo.',P,USTH,Li_S» PORTAULi. • US-03^ UI>-U7y9r US-OdOb rURE CONTKOL r US-033H WALL fa.^ATL LIKE» US-0337 LOUVLR. Ub-0330 PERIOKATfU' US-0337 KLFKACTORY> uS-0330 RUBBER FROM TALL OILr U5-0171 HL'CL/u-lAi ION ADDITIVES* US-0482 HtATI',0' US-OUbbi U5-OH82 SALVAGE SEE RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING SANITARY LANDFILL EQUIPMENT ATTACHABLE TO A JEEP' US-010B BUCKtT» US-U195 CLAM SHELL TYPEr US-0191 WITH SCRLEN» US-0196 tJULLDOZLR bLAOE* US-Ol7Br US-016b» U.-.-0187 FKAwL» US-0190 KIPiJING TLETH» US-0177 BULLU02ch-LOAi;ERr Ub'-U17t> COMbllJEU HULLUOZLR AND SHOVEL r US-UloU» US-OlHU COMPAtTufM US-U100 COVErt MATERIAL PLASTIC- us-oiot DITCH DiOOFt<» US-0191 GKOUIJO LLVELfKr U5-Ul92» US-Ol ni» U!,.-Ol9t» Ub-0196 Uo-019/ CON1KOL SYSTEM FOKf US-0198 LOADtK' US-U2UO 448 ------- Subject Index SCKAPuf!* Ub-iil9-03uIr US-uio3» U'j-Uo64f US-0733 MULTi _>TAGt • US-U794 VthTUKI. Ub-',7bj Sl'f'AuATii.ij :>.rCii/v..Io,.iJf U-,~0008* Uj-013Ji US-u7~7 AIK PKESGUiM. . US-07a'j bAFFLLi UO-u^^ UY ALIGHT. U >-Uu07 AIR STi.i AM» Ub-0 7L)t) CLhli'II- •,-'AL C.OVE-'.LUTf U'.,-07j-t MLTf,L-jCi,APr US-U'j21 I AbuLE ,',,.t:t Li Ub-07o2 J,',L* US-07ou> U.,-U7(.9» LJj-lj771* uS-l Uj-U7("l» U'.)-U782 CO..;MliL.U WITH OOacAL CO,-, If. .L- '.<1TH DKYIflG* US-U i.;l CO:.,:,irjuD wITH U.,-U (7 • COi.T, Ot. bYbTLM. OS- UISTPI^uni^ UUU-i. uS-0777 FLL;J PIP,..* us-0778 GROOVEJ ^0,,L. Ub-0774 SL.'/.rr.K, Ub-C77b' US-077o SCkLf >• ob-v)7bb CHEMICAL US-07u3 COALESCII.'G ELE.'-iLllT. US-0796 CO,''''bl;jL [) U'iTh COUViYGU. OL.-07JO* U-_.-07ol f lol.OUj i Cui UL.-j7tj(J I'-.AIJUAL • U J--OU93 '.-.'lih DLFLECT^R* U'o-07lj7 r U_.-U7t/J. Uij-0770 DUST . U.-U/^J* UC->-07't5» US-b7',r, . ,,)J-U7S9r 0'J,-07G<4« U.»-u7,,7» U.,-L'7(/<. tr,-0770 LL i"C r.ir4» Ub"-0i»2b* US-ob'»'» Ub-0b<4a MUNICIPAL IfvAbTL" Ub-0<8b OIL US-079o OIL-V.AX Lt-'ULSlOfJ. US-076rf PAPTiCULATf li.FJJl IFICATION DLVICi_» UG-U749 PII'LLIU,.* Ub-UU9rt SCATTER TYPt_ PfJEUilATlCr US-07bl SCF ------- Subject Index IvCOD CHIPS' US-UblO WOOD AAl.Tf.Sr US-074,3 )\oL ACTIVATED SLUDbL. US-0790 COMPOSTING. bS-UOb3» US-006o. US-UOu7 COUVLRllTD TO ANIMAL l-EED. US-08^1 CONV! PTLD TO CEMENT. US-0623 COUVLRTSJ) rO FERTILISER. US-d AGITATOr<. Ub-0311 LLUv,'cK» US-Ooll DEouLRUING CATALYSTt U'j-Oi.03 PYi-Ob04i U',-OoO/> OS-UJoB KCTM;Y f . EuCRr u-. SKI, ''IIjJO' os-Odulu USII;G AIKPLAtC METAL SCRAP r US-0616 COMI3IUED hITH BALER. US-U61b COMBlf.Cu WITH HAMMERMJLL. USItiu .,ATfR LAYFjKr US-Ocil6 V,ASTcI huAT UTILISATION. U',-0,iOl> US-OOUb RCCOVclRY. TRICKLlriG E'AHKr US-Ob02 WET OXIDATION US-OlUl SHALL AS SOIL COuuITICNLU. US-U47U SHIP TKA;iSPOi U',-0 ) 1 nl.LUf rt,\l.T,,S» U',~0ol . CONULCTi-U TO K-ICK.LKATOR. US-U2JU. US.-Oo^b. US-0326 FETOtR. DS-UG07 FILLK, US-Ool^ HAMI-'.i R. UC.-Oolo KLTAL-ScRAPr OS-0522. Ub-0607 PAPtk. OS-OU'U. US-OfilO PIVOTAL FRAXL. US-ObOa PLASTIC. US-OoOy ROLLLK TEETH. US-Obl4 ROTARY CUTTERS. 05-08:13 ROTOR. US-U609. US-061b SILAGt. US-OU97 WOOU WAsTESf US-0504 SINTERING DUST. US-0<477 FLY ASH. US-U477 SLAb COLLLCTIOtg. US-OuOb. US-0320 FOfWAllOU RETnRUED. US-U3UB GASII-IEK. U5-ubb3 GRANULATING' Ub-0554 RECLAMATION IRON. US-ObbO. US-05bl. US-Obb2 MANGANESE. Us-05'7 KLTAL. US-Ob4fi, U:>a'j49 REMOVAL. US~Ou23. US-U5b4 SEPARATING, US-OS'S6 TRANSPORTATION » u'5-uba2 SLAUGHTti''>(-• US-Ut,ib, US-OOlO A^ I i AT Oi"<» U'J-U 7-j'j CLNTRIFUuK. US-0773. U ,-' 774 GAS I'fLbSURt.. US- 175' 450 ------- Subject Index US-UUU2 AiJNULAi< i(FAi.r US-uf1?!. U'j-Oti? 5 TKOM hJAILK'JA., TiA'LLr US-Ocibb t'LUv-, » U'J-U.-I>.-F US-Ocio7 UCLLLR. US-.J..7U HOTAHY l,':h'.-LLl'K» US-U872 TRUCK. I.T- Jt,7i LOIL AL «CID PROICSS* FROM SHALL A'.,. U' F'ACL CKAHT WASTrl COLLLC1IOU SYSTEM, LICUOl: CHLl-IICALS KLCOVLKY 5Pf(LAbf-lR» METHOU» uS-0472 US-U472 - t US-Oci-tbr US-OU30 aO/,L 7 Yfi.r U .-UoL,l CLUTi'lFljGAL i'-.!JtLLLK, U COuVLIOl'r d'.,-nf,,: 8» U->-OcO US-OB'CtiAi-LL TO DUMP TRUCK » U-j-(Joo3 ULO.,tR, U'j-0ufi7 uko^:-', us,-n077, us-Oof-.o OlJ INDICATOR, U'j-()d30» US-0384 URU'->h, Ub-Oood UUC(\LT, Ub-Ub74 CONVLYORr US-0877» US-0880, U3-068S, US-0887 DUST COIiTuOL f-OAilr US-0{!09 f-LOATltJo L>UL>lJl-UbION» U-J-08U3 FOR LLAVLS, uS-UOb6 HGP.'LR DUMl-'lUO, US-Ob7b, US-uf!7(>, US-0879* US- u {<<}!• US-Ob'JO I.'lPt.LLt «' It'z-f'U'ltj PlVjTAL AK'^J, Ub-b877r r'lV >TAL F t\Ai"i , U'j-0(l>)l PJS, i-.t< PL/»TL» U-I-L(')C)J IVKi u'>-:)Uil» US-0039. lO, US-OU'2 ^Ii.'lU »ITil inATl R SPRAY, 451 ------- Subject Index Ub-Oob.5 CYCLOUL SFPARATOKt Ub-0C(CuPIC» oS-(JHu3 VACUUM I.LAUr US-uOuf VACUUM Ui.lT SEPARATE FRUM UKlVI>-iv U lITf US-ofibH WATtLK SCPAY i^OZZLt' US-OQ61 TALL OIL COiJV! KTLD 10 RU,,f;£R, U THAi.SFFJi STATl'Uiir Ub-OOU HOPPiRf t'S-OOVi OIJ 01 ,vASTES US-0020 f UU-0009 SLAo HuT' U'_,-Obo2 SLU.OI-: AiiO s.-U.iD COMTI-OLLFO us-oooo» US-OU06 EJECTOHr US-J003 U'j-0010 LOAOLHr US-0019r US-0029 PIPLLIUE- Ub-OU?B» US-0038 PULUMATICr US-OUJ4 SHIP' U'_,-Oo9j COlJTAInLKr U5-OOJ4 HOPPHR» uS-0014 TRAiiSFci! SrATIO.-it US-0013 wASTL HEAT UTILiUAlIOUr OS-0105' jARKI'lG Fr.O/DJ LO-jSi U'_.-0270 LiiM?ATl^(J urilT bklUE ili.ATE.Kf US-03;il PLASH uv-'P^i-ATOK U'.",-03tU US-03tf>r US-0347. US-03t>7 PLY.-.'OOD KANUFACTimEi U j--02tiO USIfJt. Su,'iAGE AS FULL» US-UHUl WOOD wAjTL5» US-U2b9 WASTE WATLR PURIFlCATlOiJ. US-07b3. US-0796* US-08i't WET OXIDATION r US-0101 WOOD WASTi_S l.ARKr Ub-0507 CHIPo» US-OS04f US-0510 CONVLhTLD TO LOGS» US-OoUl DICLSTOK CHAi<6ir\lG» U^-0513 PRF.THEAFf-'LNTr US-0513 US-Ob5b» Ub-U66l rOR» US-026b. US-0269 RECLAMATION HOA, 452 -------

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PATENT   ABSTRACTS

               UNITED STATES

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 1945-1969
      This  publication (SW-77) was compiled by

      JOHN  A.  CONNOLLY and SANDRA E. RADINSKY
        Environmental Protection A0»n«f
        Library  ? --;-ion V
        1 North Vi'aclior Drive
        Chicago, Illinois  60606
       U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


                       1973

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              An  environmental  protection publication
            in the solid waste  management series  (SW-77)
This publication is also  in  the Public Health Service numbered
series as  Public Health Service Publication  No.  1793, Supple-
ment A;  its  entry in two  government publication  series  is  the
result of  a  publishing  interface reflecting  the  transfer of
the Federal  solid waste management program  from  the U.S. Public
Health Service to the U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency.
            ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
       For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
                     Price $4 20 domestic postpaid or $3.75 GPO Bookstore

-------
     The Office of Solid Waste Management Programs, U.S.




Environmental Protection Agency, is publishing herewith the




first volume (SW-77) of a two-part publication dealing with




worldwide patents for designs and devices for solid waste




management.   The second volume (SW-y8c)  describes inter-




national patents, and the first represents U.S.  or domestic




contributions to the solid waste management engineering field.




     Through a contract with the Franklin Institute of the




State of Pennsylvania, 890 domestic patents were abstracted




and citations were formulated which give curriculum vitae:




name of the inventor, his sponsor (if any), dates filed and




issued, and the most representative drawing(s) accompanying




most of the patents.  This volume is arranged in 16 subject




categories,  and detailed indices follow the abstracts so that




the reader may locate his area of interest without difficulty.




After being abstracted for this volume,  the patents then become




part of the Federal  solid waste management information retrieval




system, which is continually adding to its data base of pub-




1ished 1iterature.
                              i i i

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     This document and its companion are intended to comple-

ment the 1968 publication entitled Abstracts; Selected Patents

on Refuse Handling Facilities for Buildings, also prepared by

our program.  The large number of significant patents is an


indication of the increased interest in finding solutions to

refuse-handling problems.  It is our hope that these documents

will stimulate still further development in this field.
                                --SAMUEL HALE:, JR.
                                  Deputy Assistant Administrator
                                  for Solid Waste Management

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                 CONTENTS
                                                      Page
Collection and Transportation  	   1
     Conveyors  	   8
     Vacuum	14
Compost/Composting  	  21
     Equipment	21
     Processes	31
Disposal	41
Drying Systems  	  50
Dumping and Loading	53
     Dumping Mechanisms  	  ...  53
     Loading Mechanisms  	  65
     Vehicles	72
Excavating	79
Hazardous Wastes    	  90
Incineration 	  96
     Domestic	96
         Trash and Foliage Burners	112
     Industrial Wastes   	 119
     Municipal	127
         Plants and Systems	141
         Rotary Furnaces 	 149
         Traveling Grates   	 153
     Residue Handling and Cleaning   	 159
     Supplementary Equipment   	 167
Storage	 174
     Containers	180
     Receptacle Holders  	 195
Recycling	,.  ... 206
     Animal and Vegetable By-products   	 214
     Cellulose Products  	 218
     Metals	226
     Slag	238
Processing/Reduction  	 240
     Baling	247
     Compaction	 256
     Cutting and Shredding  	 262
     Disposers	267
     Grinding	281
Refuse Collection Vehicles  	 292
     Packers	303
Separation	321
     Centrifugal	335
     Filtration	343
Sludge	350
     Incineration	351
     Reclamation and Recovery	359
Spreading	362
Street Cleaning 	 372
     Snow Removal	377
     Sweepers	382

Assignee Index  	 389
Inventor Index	 403
Patent Concordance  	 420
Patent Number Index   	 422
Subject Index   	 430

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COLLECTION  AND TRANSPORTATION
a horizontal axis,  as when the receiver is
installed on a boat.
US 0001
Yeomans, C.  (Yeomans Brothers Company),
Sewage ejector.  U.S. 2,383,834; filed Nov.  5,
1943; issued Aug. 28, 1945.
1
I1,
U-
\ / fl !
^7) A0',!
27 T !s* I
i
i
|i
i.
A sewage-handling apparatus comprises a
sewage receiver which has inlet and outlet
sewage piping connected to it.   A conduit is
connected to the top of the receiver for
delivering steam under pressure into the
receiver portion above the highest level of
sewage received therein.   A baffle is mounted
in the receiver in between the  delivery end
of the conduit and the highest  sewage level.
This prevents the steam from penetrating and
mixing with the sewage content  of the receiver.
The receiver is provided in its top portion
with an access opening and with a removable
closure for the access opening.  The baffle
is mounted on and carried by this cover.
Valves are provided for controlling the
delivery of gas to and the exhaust from the
receiver.  There are mechanisms in the
receiver which are acted upon by the sewage
in it upon changes in its level, for actuating
these valves.  The purpose of the baffle provided
is to reduce the extent of sewage level
changes in the receiver when it is rocked about
US-0002
Booth, G. M.   (Wallace and Tiernan Company,
Inc.), Slurry feeding apparatus.   U.S.  2,508,987;
filed Dec. 26, 1946; issued May 23, 1950.
                                                             16
A slurry feeder supplies predetermined
quantities of a liquid suspension of finely
divided solid material.  The apparatus is
comprised of a slurry tank, into which slurry
is fed through a conduit disposed at an upper
part of the tank.  The tank and conduit have
a passage between them.  A diaphragm is
associated with the tank and is exposed on one
side to the contents of the tank.  A drive
mechanism is secured to this diaphragm.  There
is an agitator structure in the tank connected
for displacement by the drive mechanism, and
this agitator includes a resilient device
permitting an extremity of the structure to
bend relative to the drive mechanism.  A
device rocks the drive mechanism about an
axis spaced from the center of the diaphragm,
and this simultaneously changes the volume and
agitates the contents of the tank.  The
liquid is thus caused to flow repeatedly and
alternately through the passage from the
conduit into the tank and from the tank into
the conduit.
US-0003
Norton, C. L.  (The Babcock and Wilcox Company),
Material discharge mechanism.  U.S. 2,590,202;
filed Oct. 29, 1945; issued Mar. 25, 1952.

This device controls the discharge of a
fluent mass of solid material from a receptacle
under a positive pressure.  It also maintains
an effective gas seal at the discharge end
of the receptacle.  Heated gases are passed
upward through the mass and come into contact

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Collection and Transportation
with the descending material.  Heat exchange
takes place with these descending particles.
The gas to be heated passes up through the
particles also, but enters tha system at a
lower level than the heated gases.  The
discharge of particles is controlled by a
lower feeder mechanism.
             19.
                                         87
US-0004
Ramm, J. L.  (Johns-Manville Corporation),
Traveling waste collector.  U.S. 2,634,560;
filed Sept. 27, 1950; issued Apr.  14, 1953.

This device for removing dust, chips, and
other waste matters from the vicinity of the
cutting head of power tools includes an
elongated collection chamber supported in a
stationary position from fixed frame members
by brackets.  Pulleys are mounted on shafts
at opposite ends of the box and a continuous
belt covers both.  A U-shaped bracket embraces
the end of the collection chamber and carries
adjusting screws which extend behind the end
wall.  The tension is increased or decreased
on the belt by these screws.  A belt-supporting
                                                         sz 'so
                                                    rib underlies the belt to prevent sagging.
                                                    An outlet leads from the collection chamber
                                                    to a pneumatic waste withdrawal and disposal
                                                    system.  A duct has an open mouth adjacent
                                                    to the cutting tool and extends downward to the
                                                    upper side of collection chamber.  The suction
                                                    set up in the waste removal system causes an
                                                    air current sweeping away the waste material.
                                                    Little, if any, dust enters the room.
US-0005
Silk, P. B.   (The Babcock & Wilcox  Company),
Continuous slag removal apparatus for
pressure-fired combustion apoaratus.
U.S. 2,667,848; filed Sept. 29,  1949;  issued
Feb. 2, 1954.

This apparatus continually withdraws molten
ash or slag  from a furnace or  combustion
chamber designed to burn an ash-containing
fuel under pressure.  A first  or primary  sealed
tank containing water, into which the  molten
slag drips continuously from a furnace slag
discharge spout, accomplishes  this  end.   A
sealed valve  connection is provided between
this primary  tank and a secondary sealed
tank which is normally empty and at
atmospheric  pressure.  The valve is such
that when practically the whole  content of
the primary  tank has passed into the secondary
tank, the air in the latter will be compressed
to the pressure within the primary  tank.  The
slag can be  discharged from the secondary tank

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0004-0007
in two manners. Either a discharge valve
controlling slag flow to a conveying system
can be opened, or a pressure relief valve on
the top of the secondary tank can be opened
to vent the air to reduce internal tank
pressure to atmospheric. In either case, after
the discharge is completed, the discharge valve
is closed and the cycle is complete. A
continuous flow of water is employed to avoid
boiling of the water in the primary tank when
the molten slag is discharged into it.
these tips is at a greater radial distance
than the other from the basket axis during
the swinging movement of the shoe. Therefore,
one tip leads the shoe into the rotating
solids during its outward movement, and both
tips discharge swaths of solids during its
downward movement.
I *
•• i( i
V15"
_--
•j
l'A.:>
j>
23
2- 2S
, i^^L-
"

^^ :,/\-->
•* 2
$(&.
US-0006
Hertrich, J. (The Western States Machine
Company), Centrifugal discharger shoe. U.S.
2,685,968; filed Oct. 12, 19A9; issued Aug.
10, 1954.
31 41
A centrifugal discharger includes a discharger
shaft which extends into a centrifugal basket,
and an elongated shoe which projects radially
from the shaft. The shaft and shoe turn
about a fixed axis, parallel to the basket
axis. The shoe swings outward through solids
rotating in the basket and then moves downward
through these solids. The shoe has two cutting
or digging tips at its foreward end. One of
US-0007
Timerson, A. E. Material moving implement.
U.S. 2,710,465; filed March 7, 1952; issued
June 14, 1955.
This implement is particularly adapted for
manually removing snow from the inclined roof

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Collection and Transportation
of a structure from a ground position. It is
lightweight with thin runners or supports for
sliding along the roof. A swingable plate is
carried crosswise by the supports, which is
lowered to a right angle position to carry
snow forward as the implement is dragged along.
Material-breaking brace bars are located on
the rear end of the device, with the dual
purpose of bracing the implement's side boards,
as well as breaking up frozen snow chunks as it
moves backward. A single operator is able to
move the device from the ground by using a long
handle.
US-0008
Shabaker, H. A., and R. M. Shirk (Houdry
Process Corporation), Solids withdrawal system.
U.S. 2,829,751; filed Feb. 8, 1957; issued
Apr. 8, 1958.
Granular solids in the form of a compact
moving bed and gaseous material flow
downward through a cylindrical treating zone
and discharge from the open bottom into a
larger zone. The bed expands in this zone to
form an annular exposed surface of solids
through which the gaseous material is
disengaged from the granular material. It is
collected in a confined collecting zone
contiguous to the exposed surface of solids.
The expanded bed is supported within a
conical section at the bottom of the larger
zone. This forms a funnel for the discharge of
the granular material.
US 0009
Russell, J. D. (Conair, Inc.), Method of
transporting material and device therefor.
U.S. 3,309,146; filed June 9, 1966; issued
Mar. 14, 1967.

A material transporting and loading device
is designed for granular or pulverant materials.
These materials are transported from separate
storage bins to the hopper of a machine while
maintaining a fixed ratio of the materials
/' w V 35

r V
_A S L,^
supplied. A periodically evacuated material
receiving chamber is provided with a number
of inlet tubes. These tubes are adjustable
in relation to the chamber so that different
materials will be transported into the chamber
at preselected but adjustable volume delivery
rates. This results in a desired volume ratio
of such material to the other materials when
the chamber has been filled to a preselected
delivery level.
US-0010
Kirchhoefer, M. J. (PuLpamac, Inc.), Method
and apparatus for continuous gravity feed of
fluent materials. U.S. 3,315,824; filed
May 25, 1965; issued Apr. 25, 1967.

This feeder is especially applicable for use
in commercial processes involving cellulose
pulp extraction from wood chips. In this
operation, a means to effect the gravity feed
of fluent materials from a relatively low
pressure region into a sealed receptacle at
above atmospheric pressure is accomplished.
Automatically operable valves between the
various chambers are enclosed from the

-------
atmosphere and shall have fluid pressure
actuators or solenoids for operating purposes.
The invention is especially applicable when
supplying wood chips to a pulp digester.
US-0011
Hutchison, G. T. (Crane Company), Feeder for
solid materials. U.S. 3,347,741; filed Jan. 13,
1964; issued Oct. 17, 1967.
This feeder for solid materials is of the
free-flowing type. The apparatus comprises a
transfer chamber and a means for equalizing
the pressure in the transfer chamber and pulp
digester. As the wood chips are being fed
to the digester, a vacuum is applied to the
transfer chamber to remove air from the
interstices and between the fibers of the
wood chips while contained within the transfer
chamber, A control valve regulates the flow
of the solid material from the supply to the
transfer chamber, another valve directs flow
from the transfer chamber to the digester.
A time control can meter the rate of chip feed.
US-0012
Goossens, G. (Inventa A.G, fur Forschung und
Patentverwertung), Device for the introduction
of powdered or grainy solids into pressure
vessels or their removal therefrom. U.S.
3,388,656; filed Nov. 24, 1964; issued June 18,
1968.
This device features an extruder for the
introduction of powdered or grainy substances
into pressure vessels and their removal by
means of an automatic reeulating device. The
substances are introduced through a
funnel-shaped inlet above a pressure piston
while the latter is in retracted position.
The piston is actuated hydraulically, the
pressure being exerted by means of oil, and

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Collection and Transportation
the substance is pressed into a mold.  When
the pressure at the piston head is between
250 and 300 kg per sq cm, the substance
introduced forms a plug adhering to the wall
of the mold.  The cone, closing the mold, is
then retracted and releases the annular opening
of the cylinder.  The extruder is again loaded
upon the return stroke of the piston.  After
the next molding'cycle, the plug crumbles and
falls into the autoclave through an outlet.
US-0013
Felts, W. M.   (Fruehauf Trailer Company),
Transfer station for handling refuse.  U.S.
3,417,883; filed Oct. 31, 1966; issued Dec. 24,
1968.

This system handles the transfer of refuse
during a collection operation.  The station
has an upper level and a lower level
accommodated to receive refuse collecting
vehicles.  Vehicles drive up and deposit the
refuse in a hopper.  The hopper is positioned
to receive refuse from both levels and so
that a transfer vehicle can drive beneath
it to receive the collected garbage.  A
hydraulically powered pusher blade propels
the collected trash from the hopper to a
transfer vehicle.
US0014
van der Werff, B.   (A. Vuyk en Zonen's
Scheepswerven N. V.), Hopper barge for
transporting especially liquid waste matter.
U.S. 3,439,642; filed June 9, 1967; issued
Apr. 22, 1969.

A hopper barge for  transporting waste matter
to the open sea and unloading the waste there
has a double bottom acting as an air-case and
passage-ways at the stem and the stern which
can be closed by hinged sector-shaped valves.
The cargo is pumpod ou board through
a pipe system while the valves in the stem
and the stern are closed.  At sea, at the place
of discharge, the vessel stops and the valves
in the stem and the stern are simultaneously

-------
 opened.  The cargo then flows out of the barge
 and an upward force is exerted on the barge
 as the unloading operation proceeds.  After
 the barge has been unloaded and is
 homeward-bound again, the valves remain open
 in order for the residues of the cargo to be
 scavenged from the hold.  When the barge
 has entered the harbor and is at rest, the
 upper wall, or the tank top of the double
 bottom v.'ill become dry, and the valves may
 be closed.
 This frame has a rigid structural member which
 lies transversely of the blade and passes over
 the top of it to extend both forward and
 rearward of it.   A frame member passing over
 the top of the blade carries a locking element
 which engages the blade when the latter is in
 its raised position to hold the blade in this
 position when it is moved within the pit in
 either of the two possible directions and
 preclude scraping operations during such
 movement when this  is  desired.
 US-0015
 Andreae, H. G.  (Alfa-Laval AB), Dung remover
 for cattle sheds.   U.S. 3,456,779; filed
 July 29, 1966; issued July 22, 1969.
A  drag bucket  consists  of  two  scrapers  which
are  interconnected  to  form a V-shape  and  each
having the  lower  edge  resting  on the  shed floor.
The  scrapers are  connected at  the inner ends
through  a pivot at  the  V to a  traction  device.
The  bucket  is  operable  by  pulling along at
the  V to effect dung removal.   The traction
device is reversible in travel which  causes
the  scrapers to swing  horizontally relative
to each  other  at  the pivot and thereby  collapse
at the V.   Scraper  expansion limits are provided.
US 0016
Allen, D. D., and I. R. Comber   (U.S.  Industries,
Inc.), Pit cleaner for animal houses.  U.S.
3,458,029; filed Aug. 3,  1967; issued  July 29,
1969.

This pit cleaner has a scraper blade which pivots
into a lowered position for scraping during a
work stroke and into a raised position for
movement without scraping during a return
stroke.  A frame is provided for mounting the
blade so that it may be pulled through the pit.
US-0017
Stumpf, C. A.  (Leis Manufacturing Company),
Magnetic dirt collector.  U.S. 3,460,294;
filed Sept. 28, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969.

This device collects and disposes of the dirt
produced when a grinding wheel is utilized to
smooth and machine a piece of metal.  This dirt
includes about 90 percent magnetizable metal
particles and about 10 percent non-metallic
materials.  The tubular housing has inner
surfaces magnetized for depositing the
magnetizable dirt particles.  The housing can
be easily adjusted to position its opening
to receive the stream of dirt, and baffles or
projections can be used to increase the area
on which the particles can be deposited, to
vary the pattern of the magnetic lines of
force, and to create turbulence to insure

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Collection and Transportation
that the particles are deposited in one of
the surfaces of the housing.  When an
electromagnet is utilized, a phase-reversing
switch is provided to facilitate removal of
the metal particles from the housing.
                                          18
which constitutes the Lower part of a
precipitator.  When the electrodes are
cleaned, such as by rapping, dust falling
from the electrodes is dissolved in the
liquid bath and transported from the precipitator
to a recovery plant.  The volume of liquid
maintained in the basin is varied periodically
between a low and a high level by
intermittently allowing the liquid to empty
from the basin.  The process provides a
method of rapidly admixing dust without  the
formation of lumps and collection of dust
in the dissolving basin and the transport
lines.
                                            11
US-0018
Mildh, G.   (Aktiebolaget  Svenska Flaktfabriken) ,
Method of discharging dust precipitated  in  an
electrostatic precipitator.  U.S.  3,461 ,650;
filed Mar.  29,  1966; issued Aug. 19,  1969.

A liquid bath is  provided by continuously
supplying liquid  to  a dissolving basin
Conveyors
                                                                     U3Z
US-0019
Kent, F. H.  Manure  loader.  U.S.  2,370,248
filed Sept. 7,  1943;  issued Feb.  27,  1945.
        ft.

-------
 This manure loader employs conveyor means to
 transfer a manure pile.   The loader mechanism
 consists of three primary conveyors mounted
 on a movable frame,  with motor-power means
 to drive the conveyor.   Two upright conveyors
 with small bucket-like  teeth are lowered into
 the manure pile.   The teeth of the  conveyors
 dig into,  remove  the manure, and transfer it
 to the main conveyor belt.  The main
 conveyor has the  same type of teeth and  is
 positioned diagonally from the ground to an
 elevated position.   The  two upright
 conveyors  are positioned on each side of the
 larger conveyor.   A digging, removing, and
 transferring action is  also accomplished by
 the main conveyor.   Manure is moved up the
 apron, passes through a  small chute,  and is
 deposited  in a waiting vehicle.
in aerated form.  Pulverized material is fed
into a hopper and conveyed to the vanes of
 US 00 20
 Struckmann,  H.   Apparatus  for  conveying
 pulverized material.   U.S.  2,498,143;
 filed July 20,  1948;  issued Feb.  21,  1950.

 A centrifugal pump  takes in pulverized
 material  and delivers it under pressure
the pump by a screw conveyor.  As it leaves
the vanes and enters the space surrounding
them, it is aerated by air seeping in
through the porous wall of the pump.  The
pulverized material acquires the properties
of a fluid and may be forced out freely
through the discharge opening.
           47,  40
                                                               17
                                                                                   II'
US-0021
McAdams, J. E.  (The Steel Products
Engineering Company), Ash disposal apparatus.
U.S. 2,509,872; filed Jan. 23,  1947; issued
May 30, 1950.

An ash disposal system is adapted for use
with domestic mechanical stokers.  A
portable ash container is mounted over a
horizontal ash conveyor, with an inclined
opening leading up into the bottom through
which ashes are conducted into  the container.
The worm feed conveyor effects  collection of
ashes from the combustion zone  through the
funnel opening of the container without
generating much dust, using little power
consumption.  When the receiving container is
full, the funnel may be closed to prevent
escape of ashes when the container is removed
from the conveyor.
US0022
Kohl, A. C.  (Kohl Bottle Receiving Company),
Bottle disposal receiver.  U.S. 2,557,001;
filed Nov. 26, 1945; issued June 12, 1951.

This invention is a system for moving bottles
from a congested area to a receptacle
located some distance from the area.  This
device is especially designed for use in a
bar or tavern.  A bottle-receiving tube is
placed at a point where bottles tend to
accumulate.  A foot pedal, which opens the

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Collection and Transportation
 lid  of  the  chute,  is  attached  to  the  chute
 by means  of  a  link.   The  chute extends  through
 the  floor and  is  curved so  that the bottles
 dropped in  are delivered  to a  nearly
 horizontal  level.  An endJess  conveyor,
 which has both horizontal and  inclined
portions, is located at the end of the chute.
The bottles are conveyed to the discharge
end of the conveyor and transferred to the
receptacle.  The switch controlling the
conveyor motor is connected to the foot
pedal.
US-0023
Martin, J.  Ash removal device.  U.S. 2,589,836;
filed Sept. 28, 1949; issued Mar. 18, 1952.
In fuel-burning plants where the residue
produced contains a large portion of fly  ash,
it is essential to use a dust-free device
to remove the fine ash and slag.  This
device utilizes a water-filled  container
built onto the ash pit with  an  endless belt
conveyor partially immersed  in  the water.
This conveyor is so disposed as  to catch
ash dropped  through a. shaft  and  sinking
down through the water, and  carry it  outside
the container.  Ash which  slips  to the bottom
of the  container may be pushed  along  to  the
point where  the ash is discharged from the
conveyor.
US-0024
Dukas, J. K.  Ash-conveying means.  U.S.
2,593,123; filed Mar.  3, 1947; issued Apr.  15,
1952.

This ash-conveying device includes  a simple
and efficient conveyor for automatically
removing ashes from the ash-receiving
compartment of a furnace to a distant point
of disposal.  It is located below the grate
of the furnace, and is actuated by  links  from
an operating crank.  The crank is driven  by  a
10

-------
drive mechanism from the motor or other
suitable power elements. The conveyor
comprises a pair of lower longitudinal
side rails which rest upon and are anchored
on the base of the housing. A pair of upper
side rails are slidably mounted on the lower
rails. These upper rails are connected at
one end to the links connected to the crank.
Raker plates connect the rails transversely.
In the operation, ashes in the rear push the
forward ashes toward the opening and cause
a continuous stream of ashes to be moved
longitudinally along the ash conveyor. This
is accomplished by means of the plates'
pushing and tossing action when they swing
from a horizontal to a vertical position
as the upper rails reciprocate over the
lower rails.
US-0025
Shaffer, C. E. (Koppers Company, Inc.), Ash
remover for stokers. U.S. 2,601,332; filed
May 2, 1950; issued June 24, 1952.

This ash removal apparatus automatically
removes ash and clinkers discharged from the
grate of a stoker-fired furnace without
interrupting its operation. An ash conveyor
comprised of reciprocable flat bars is
mounted adjacent to the ash pit to receive
ash and pass it via an ash removal elevator
to a receiving container. The stoker may be
JOS
installed on the floor level of a furnace to
accommodate fuel feeding or the ash removal
device. Different sizes of fuel may be used
in conjunction with this device, the furnace
grate is freer of ash, and stoker operation
is more quiet and clean.
11

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Collection and Transportation
US-0026
Schlick, A. M. Furnace ash conveyor and
disposal mechanism. U.S. 2,685,853; filed
Aug. 25, 1949; issued Aug. 10, 1954.
desired pattern upon the sloping surface of
the distributor. Plates guide the material
This ash conveying, processing, and disposal
unit may be mounted in the pit of a furnace.
It can remove ashes from the furnace and
transfer them to the Sewage system, or some
external point. The invention simultaneously
breaks up any large chunks or clinkers which
may be present by means of a spray of water
utilized to sluice the ashes through the
pipes leading to a sewer or similar outlet.
When mounted in a furnace, the hopper is
located below the grates to receive ashes.
The conveyor, rotatably mounted in the tubular
housing of the apparatus, possesses a number
of narrow edged spiral blades of
progressively reduced diameter found along
the longitudinal axis. It is thus adapted
to receive solid materials through the
housing opening and, coacting with housing
grooves, break up the solid materials.
to a conveyor below the distributors. This
invention is applied to coolers for cement
clinker discharged from rotary kilns.
US-0027
Winter, H. W. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing
Company), Distributor for conveyor. U.S.
3,232,416; filed Nov. 29, 1963; issued Feb. 1,
1966.

This invention treats loose material with a
fluid. Material is funneled onto a flat
horizontal plate just above the distributor.
Material falling upon this plate builds up
a small cone-shaped pile on the plate. The
pile grows higher until the angle of repose
is exceeded and after that material tumbles
and rolls down the pile. It spills evenly
over the edge of the plate and falls in the
US-0028
Tribe, N. G. Conveyor system for moving
solids over long distances. U.S. 3,358,812;
filed Feb. 23, 1966; issued Dec. 19, 1967.

This invention moves solid materials by
pipeline by providing a completely mechanical
and electrical system involving no fluid flow.
The system includes a series of open end
containers which connect together,to form a
continuous conveyor of any desired length
within a pipeline. Each container is arranged
to be opened along its entire length so they
form a continuous conveyor opened and closed.
The propulsion system for the conveyor is a
12

-------
series of electric drive units positioned at
regular intervals. Material is loaded into
the conveyor by means of a loading chute.
It is unloaded by means of a suction probe.
US-0029
Mothershaw, H. G. (George Orton Sons and
Spooner Limited), Conveyor loaders. U.S.
3,388,785; filed Dec. 8, 1966; issued June 18,
1968.

A conveyor loader is constructed to be used
for transferring articles from one conveyor
to another. The conveyor is provided with
a pair of base members extending laterally
and beyond the conveyor. These members are
supported by plates on opposite sides, extending
longitudinally in one direction only. In
addition, a number of intermediate supporting
plates are provided, which are secured to
the base members, and, to strengthen the
plates which extend beyond the base members,
cross plates are featured. Four journal
bearing support plates each carry a journal
bearing housing and support a rotary shaft.
The conveyor loader can convey articles
between a horizontally and vertically
moving conveyor.
US 0030
Lucas, H, Garbage disposal conveyor. U.S.
3,472,384, filed Sept. 27, 1966; issued Oct. 14,
1969.

A garbage disposal system consists of an
endless belt conveyor extending below the
streets with a series of spaced manholes into
-
'/o
which garbage is dumped upon the conveyor
belt. Fluids are carried away by pipes,
and motor driven rollers move the conveyor
belt along with the solid wastes to a dump.
This system avoids the need for garbage trucks
in the city streets and is unaffected by
13

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Collection and Transportation
temperature and weather changes.  The
conveyor consists of a top layer device,
transport means positioned within a horizontally
disposed shaft for moving the garbage, a
number of angularly disposed ports within
the top layer for guiding the disposable
contents onto the transport device, a guard
on each side of the transport means for
preventing the contents from falling off,
drainage apparatus for removing fluid
including a number of laterally positioned
openings, a drainage pipe within each of the
openings, and power means for propelling the
transport device.
Vacuum
US0031
Fisher, E. F.   (Whiting Corporation), Dust
collector for grinding operations.  U.S.
2,399,629; filed Aug. 17, 1943; issued May 7,
1946.
A booth collects  and precipitates  dust
from grinding  and polishing operations.  A
fluid-aspirating  nozzle projects a stream of
liquid and  air into a Venturi  tube.  This
spray, together with the Venturi tube,  creates
a strong suction  in a pipeline  connected with
a dust hood where dust is being created.
Dust is drawn  through the pipeline where
it is wetted with water from a spray nozzle,
projected into the Venturi tube, and finally
ends up in a bottom chamber in the form of
sludge.  The sludge chamber is partitioned
to separate settled sludge and clear water.
Clear water may be recirculated through the
aspirating nozzle, with compressed air
creating necessary suction.
US-0032
Black, C. R. H.  Furnace dust  and  smoke
collector.  U.S. 2,487,689; filed  Apr. 29,  1946;
issued Nov. 8,  1949.
 This  furnace attachment  provides a suction
 nozzle for withdrawing dust  and gases from
 the exterior and interior  area of coal and
 stoker-fed furnaces.  The  suction device
 operates automatically when  the feed or ash
 doors open or when the grate is shaken,
 causing dust and gas-laden air to be
 discharged into the stack.  Such an attachment
 prevents smoke and dust  from filling the
 furnace room and seeping into upper floors
 when  one of the doors are  opened.
14

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US-0033
Smith, L. C., and W. V. Paine (The Spencer
Turbine Company), Load limiting collection
apparatus. U.S. 2,496,180; filed Oct. 10,
1945; issued Jan. 31 , 1950.
This apparatus is employed in vacuum cleaning
equipment for reception of dust and kindred
matter, so that the operator will be advised
when to empty the tank. This unique feature
safely limits the quantity of volatile material
to be handled at one time. In the vacuum
cleaning equipment, there exists a means for
reception of the dust, which is under operative-
control of the weight of the collected
material. A switch will be actuated when
the receptacle is under a predetermined
weight, opening the circuit to the motor,
and stopping the operation of the mechanism.
US 0034
Hill, H. W. (The Dow Chemical Company),
Pneumatic conveyor and feeder for loose
solids. U.S. 2,623,793; filed Dec. 24, 1949;
issued Dec. 30, 1952.

A gas lift transfers loose subdivided
solid materials. This gas lift consists of
an ascending pipe conduit. The loose solids
are fed through an entry gate into the lower
end of this pipe. A stream of air passes
upward through the pipe at a velocity
sufficient to suspend and convey the solid
particles to a discharge point. The solids
to be fed into the pipe are contained in a
body with a static head sufficient to cause
a gravity flow into the lift pipe. A portion
of the air stream is used to control the
material feeding means. The flow of air to
the feeder may be regulated to vary the rate
of feed of the solids.
US-0035
Yellott, J. I. (Bituminous Coal Research,
Inc.), Ash handling system for high-pressure
combustion of pulverized solid fuels. U.S.
2,654,218; filed June 3, 1948; issued Oct. 6,
1953.

An apparatus of this type is used to cool
and convey hot fly ash separated from gases
derived from the combustion of pulverulent
15

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Collection and Transportation
fuel.  Features of this invention are
incorporated into a generating electric
power plant embodying a pulverized coal-fired
gas turbine; those plants being the type used
in locomotives and in marine installations.
Continuous removal of hot fly ash (1,300 F)
from the separator is effected.  It is then
discharged in a pressurized cool air stream
into a container, and tbe cooling air is
returned either to the system or the
atmosphere.  The stored fly ash, now cool,
is not subject to burning or clinkering.
US-0036
Birch, C. K.  (Lehigh Valley Coal Sales
Company), Ash removal apparatus.  U.S.
2,780,187; filed Mar. 8, 1950; issued Feb. 5,
1957.
An ash removal apparatus utilizes a suction
system to effect a transfer of ashes from &
hopper under a furnace to an ash receptacle.
Heretofore, ash removal systems have not
solved the problem of clogging, nor have
they been automatic; this system provides for
these needs.  A suction box is located
adjacent to the hopper connected by a conduit
(with ash crusher and screw conveyor means
within it); ashes withdrawn by the conveyor
and crusher are fed directly to the suction
box for removal by an air current.  A
separator then receives ashes where they
separate from the air stream and settle into
an ash receptacle.  The ash receptacle is
held in place by a support which may be
easily positioned with respect to the
separator in order to receive ashes.
US-0037
Gebhart, N. H.  Ash removal system for  trucks.
U.S. 2,784,858; filed Nov. 19, 1953; issued
Mar. 12, 1957.

This invention relating to ash removal  systems
provides for a tank in which the usual  filter
is omitted as the air for the fan may be  taken
directly from the tank.  A truck-carried
tank serves as a natural separator for  the
solid particles, discharging these at high
velocity.  As the particles impinge  against a
barrier they fall inert to the bottom of  the
16

-------
tank; the tank Is filled progressively
from the lower front corner to the upper
rear margin of the tank, the air intake and
the air outlet being located in the latter
position.  This permits the filling of the
tank to near capacity without obstructing
either the inlet or outlet.  The device also
provides a system in which a controlled portion
of the pressure air is bled from the closed
system at a point close to the fan discharge.
This permits control of the vacuum that pulls
ash into the conveying system and provides
the capacity to handle ash in the tube of
the vacuum line.  Other provisions in  the
                            £-.
This invention provides a device for
conveying fluent particles of material which
have been fluidized at the inlet end of the
device.  The device comprises an inner tube
having an opening at its upper end adapted
for connection to a source of vacuum.  An
opening is located at the lower end with
spaced apertures extending through it.  The
outer tube is substantially coextensive with
the inner tube and spaced to provide a
passageway between the tubes.  This passageway
terminates at the tubes'  lower ends and has
invention include:  the use of  a  sudden
blast of air to start the flow  of  ashes when
there has been a cessation of flow;  the
provision of a simple method to dumo  the
ashes collected by the pressure-vacuum system;
and the convenient location of  the various
elements of the system on a vehicle  of the
usual dump-truck type.  It is necessary to
bleed off a portion of the pressure  air in
order to develop the vacuum required  to pull
ash into the stream and provide capacity to
convey it in the tube of the vacuum  line.
This is accomplished by means of  exhaust
bags with zippers.        •
US-0038
Pendleton, F. P.  (Vac-U-Max Corporation),
Device for fluidizing and conveying fluent
particles of material.  U.S. 3,031,233;
filed May 11, 1960; issued Apr. 24, 1962.
an opening at its upper end for delivery of
atmospheric air.  The lower end of the device
is inserted into a mass of fluent particles
of material and vacuum applied to the upper
end.  The particles flow up the inner tube
                                                                                                 17

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Collection and Transportation
drawing air down the passageway which
fluidizes the material adjacent to the
lower end.
US-0039
Okun, K. N. (Atlas Floor Surfacing Machinery
Corporation), Suction cleaner. U.S.
3,358,316; filed Jan. 8, 1965, issued Dec. 19,
1967.

This large suction cleaner is utilized in
public halls and buildings. The cleaner
employs multiple motors and fans. The motors
are protected against dust by successive
filtration operations. First, there is a
dust collector bag which may be made of
fabric or disposable porous paper. Next is a
large filter surface which is inverted and
frustoconical in shape. Finally, filter
discs exist for each of the blowers. The
invention dislodges dirt which cakes in the
collector bag and/or on the filter surfaces
by means of a breather filter. The breather
filter is drawn one way by suction, and is
restored in an opposite direction by resilient
means. The collector bag and breather filter
are so disposed that they engage and move
one another or interact during the breathing
movement of the filter.
US 0040
Black, R. L. (Parks-Cramer Company),
Apparatus for cleaning floors and disposing
of fiber waste in textile mills. U.S.
3,372,425; filed Sept. I, 1965; issued Mar. 12,
1968.
A traveling pneumatic cleaner cleans fiber
waste from a textile mill. This cleaner is
a traveling suction floor cleaner equipped
with one or more collection chambers. The
discharge mouth opens upward and is connected
with the chamber downstream from the inlet.
This discharge mouth periodically moves to
and stops at a position aligned with a
suction mouth which is near the discharge
mouth. The interior of the suction mouth is
subjected to suction and the discharge mouth
is then opened. The mass of the collected
material is transferred by suction, aided by
the blowing air from the chamber. After the
discharge is completed, the movement of the
suction cleaner is resumed. The lint-laden
air enters each chamber in such a manner that
it flows in a helical or cyclonic path
creating a low pressure area in the central
portion of the chamber. The collected lint
is suspended as a lightly concentrated,
whirling mass in the central portion of the
chamber. Exhaust filters in the chamber
wall are prevented from clogging with lint
by the wiping action of the helical air
flow.
US-0041
Baucke, H. (Jagenberg-Werke AG), Apparatus
for longitudinally cutting moving webs of
material, such as paper, cardboard and the
like and including means to remove the cutting
dust. U.S. 3,388,624; filed June 27, 1966;
issued June 18, 1968.

An apparatus is provided for the longitudinal
cutting of moving webs of material such as
papers and cardboards, and provides an
arrangement which eliminates space consuming
18

-------
suction devices. The dust is subjected
directly to the suction effect in the zone
or area where the dust originates. The
apparatus comprises upper and lower knives
between which a web is adapted to move by
an interconnecting yoke which is in the form
of a hollow body having suction openings in it.
The suction openings are arranged in series
along the axis of the hollow body.
an open mouth directed toward the air intake
port of the blower housing. A hollow
rectangular box-like collector has an
apertured rear wall and an apertured front
wall, with a sump lying between these two
walls. The front wall of the collector is
detachably secured to the suction hood, with
the mouth of the hood in register with the
front wall aperture of the collector. The
rear wall of the collector is detachably
secured to the blower housing, with the
aperture of the collector rear wall in
register with the air intake port of the
blower housing. A flexible beater chain is
US-0042
Finn, C. 0. (The Finn Equipment Company),
Debris collector. U.S. 3,407,432; filed
Sept. 27, 1965; issued Oct. 29, 1968.

The debris collector is operated with suction
force powerful enough to pick up stones, cans,
bottles, cardboard cartons, pieces of wood,
and other heavy objects, as well as tree
leaves, paper, and other lighter-weight
trash. It is composed of a vehicle with a
tractional elongate frame and a blower
situated on the frame. The blower includes
a cylindrical drum-like hollow housing with
a rear wall and a front wall whi ch is
apertured to provide a port for air intake.
A side wall has a port for air dischaige. A
motor-driven impeller shaft includes an
impeller within the housing for moving a
current of air through the ports. The
suction sweeper is activated by the blower
for suction lifting loose debris from a
lawn. Included is a suction hood which has
fixed on the impeller shaft and rotates with
it. The beater chain is located in the plane
of the air intake port of the blower housing.
The beater chain strikes and deflects debris
which approaches the impeller, and induces
debris into the sump.
US 0013
Davis, N. E. (John E. Mitchell Company),
Vacuum cleaning system. U.S. 3,425,192;
filed Dec. 12, 1966; issued Feb. 4, 1969.

A cleaning tank system is disclosed to be
used with a vacuum hose. It consists of a
cylindrical housing that can be considered
in three sections. In the bottom section is
a centrifugal separator for separating
maximum size dirt. It discharges air into
a second section containing a number of
smaller cyclone separators from which other
dirt is extracted and separately collected
in a pan above and apart from the collector
19

-------
Collection and Transportation
for the first stage. The multiple separators
of the second stage then discharge toward
the third section of the housing which contains
the suction fan preceded by a filter to
completely clean the air which finally
discharges from the top section.
Additionally, the apparatus has a housing
with inlet and discharge sections, a vacuum
supply device mounted within the housing;, a
nozzle secured to the inlet section having
an intake section positionable against a
supporting surface, and a trailer to support
a container in back of or along side of the
housing to receive ths combination debris
and air from the nozzle.
US-0045
Jones, J. Dust collector for grinders. U.S.
3,468,076; filed U.S. Oct. 10, 1966; issued
Sept. 23, 1969.

Considerable dust and dirt is created by
the operation of grinding surfaces by
portable grinders. Areas in which grinding
operations take place must be completely
segregated to prevent the impurities in the
air from contaminating other processes. By
providing a suitable enclosure encircling the
grinding disk, and by attaching the enclosure
to a source of partial vacuum, virtually all
of the dust and dirt can be collected. This
is accomplished by means of a housing including
a plate overlying the grinding disk and
bearing a manifold. This manifold is
connected by a flexible tubular conduit to a
vacuum cleaner or similar source of vacuum.
As the surface is ground away, the dust and
dirt circulating in the air are collected
and drawn away into E suitable receptacle. A
US 0044
Cook, T. Vacuum sweeping apparatus. U.S.
3,460,185; filed Sept. 6, 1966; issued Aug.
1969.
12,
This vacuum cleaner apparatus is especially
adapted for use in cleaning lawn surfaces and
the like of grass and leaveb. The apparatus,
usable with a tractor, has a forward projecting
vacuum intake head adapted to be placed flush
with vertical sutfaces during usage.
35
peripheral wall of flexible material such as
a thick wall of bristles is provided. While
a wall of this type is not completely
impervious, it provides a sufficiently tight
seal so that the source of vacuum supply is
able to withdraw the dust particles.
20

-------
US4046
Wild, J. A. (Parks-Cramer, Ltd.), Fiber
waste disposal system for textile machines.
U.S. 3,486,309; filed Nov. 17, 1966; issued
Dec. 30, 1969.

This system disposes of pneumatic fiber waste
which is generated in textile plants. A
flowing air stream conveys fiber waste to a
L-50
off the incoming ground refuse into a uniform
layer. Heated air is forced through the
digester and distributed evenly to all parts
' «t> • -

_ £L '

W
i 4-
-. — J,
-, — l —
-5i
-67

common collection area. As the air stream
passes through a filtering medium, waste
fibers gravitate from the medium and cleansed
air is exhausted from the area. Periodically,
a reverse air flow cleans the filtering
medium without causing a reverse flow of air
at the textile machines.
COMPOST/COMPOSTING

Equipment
US-0047
Kuebler, W. A. (A. 0. Smith Corporation),
Digester tower. U.S. 2,639,902; filed Apr. 7,
1950; issued May 26, 1953.

The digester tank is used in connection with
the production of organic fertilizer from
organic waste materials. Refuse and other
wastes are stored in a number of storage
tanks and inoculated with aerobic bacteria.
After staying in the storage tank a desired
length of time, the refuse is moved to a
mixing tank for cutting and grinding into a
uniform size. It is then transferred to the
top of the digester tank and falls upon the
uppermost grid. A spreading device levels

fa^^^.^Jii^^j^ge^gra^p^CTj^igparf
of the waste material. An agitator mechanism
forcibly agitates the waste material to
permit complete aeration. As aeration
progresses, the material falls progressively
from one grid to a lower grid. The digested
refuse is removed from the bottom of the
tank and utilized as organic fertilizer.
US-0048
Ruskin, S. L. Apparatus for digestion of
organic material, U.S. 2,734,803; filed
Feb. 7, 1951; issued Feb. 14, 1956.

In the aerobic fermentation of organic
material, such as garbage and other refuse,
the entire body of a digester is connected
to a refuse collection truck. Refuse is dumped
into a bucket until it is full, then dumped
into a grinding apparatus. The ground refuse
is deposited on one of four screens lying
one under the other, which are attached to
shafts so that they can be rolled up xvhen
not in use. A motor on the outer floor of the
digester provides the power for movable
members of the digester. After dumping the
refuse on the screens, it is sprayed with
an enzymatic digesting material, a
microorganisraal culture, and a nutrient
21

-------
Compost/Composting
material. A heating unit is located in the
digester to assure an optimum temperature
during fermentation. The body of the
,13
digester is pivotally mounted to the frame
so that the digested product can be dumped
through an opening in the rear of the body.
55^
40
55d

±.. •-', - . 4_T-_^_=^==--gi_^_^-f

49c
55e
80-
h-3
US 0049
Riker, R. W., A. M. Brayton, and W. C. Wright
(Sanitary Disposal Corporation) , Composting
apparatus. U.S. 2,929,688; filed May 27, 1955;
issued Mar. 22, 1960.

This apparatus is for aerobic composting
and is provided with means for handling
material to be composted. A plant is capable
of composting garbage and/or sewage sludge
under aerobic conditions. Sludge enters the
plant separately, passes through a liming
tank, is dewatered, and passes on to a
temperature-controlled mixer. The garbage
which enters is chopped by crushing, grinding,
or shredding; it then enters the mixer, and merges
with the sludge. This mixture is heated
and passed onto composting units by conveyor
and is gravity dropped into the upper
jLg-jggJgjjgfi c£-
compartments. Air and water are readily
available to each compartment and a mechanical
agitator is provided in each compartment.
The material is dropped from one compartment
to another and finally deposited on the
floor. By this method, all variables in
the aerobic composting process are fully
controllable.
22

-------
US-0050
Ballantyne, C. R., and W. U. Sanderson
(Komline-Sanderson Engineering Corporation),
Continuous batch composting apparatus. U.S.
3,041,148; filed Oct. 22, 1959; issued June 26,
1962.
A composting or material-digesting device
Is designed for aerobic decomposition or
composting of organic material. The apparatus
consists essentially of a multi-compartment
drum rotating about a horizontal axis. It
has means for separately charging and
discharging its several compartments and
means for injecting fluids or mixtures
individually into the respective compartments.
An electric motor supplies the power needed.
Sludge or garbage will enter the apparatus
through a chute or hopper to its respective
compartment. A door on each compartment is
closed as each is partially filled. When all
compartments are loaded, the motor is started
and the drum continuously tumbles and
agitates the mixture. The final product is
discharged onto a conveyor and transferred
to a desired location.
US4MD51
Petersen, K. F. (Dano Ingeniorforretning og
Maskinfabrik Ingenior Kai Peterson's Fond),
Apparatus for the fermentation of solid
organic waste materials for making compost.
U.S. 3,055,744; filed Oct. 28, 1959; issued
Sept. 25, 1962.

This apparatus, used for the fermentation of
solid organic waste materials to make
compost, consists of an elongated
horizontally-positioned rotatable container.
The shell of the container is provided with
apertures or nozzles which open to the
interior of the container. Aeration of the
material is accomplished when air enters
these openings. Waste material is placed in
the container through a hopper, the container
rotates, and the contents tumble and are
thoroughly mixed. Air is supplied through
the openings by a blower located at the
rear of the container. Waste products
passing through undergo fermentation, and
are cooled and dried. The finished product
goes through a final screening process when
leaving the container.
US-0052
Hardy, W. (The Fairfield Engineering Company),
Waste material converter and method of
digesting waste. U.S. 3,114,622; filed Aug. 26,
1960; issued Dec. 17, 1963.

Organic waste material is treated to convert
it into a finished fertilizer product smelling
like garden soil. Conveyors move material
from where it was discharged to a digester.
Feeding of the digester can be done on a
continuous or intermittent schedule
independent of all feeding of materials. A
conveyor sucti as a screw-type, which will
not clog or jam, lifts the material from the
floor and brings it to the top of the pile.
The material is aerated and exchanges heat
with fresh atmospheric air. The screws also
separate all the particles so that atmospheric
oxygen can penetrate through and to the
bottom of the pile. This period of agitation
23

-------
Compost/Composting
is followed by a resting period which allows
the bacteria to develop, multiply, and build
up internal heat.  As material is fed into
odorless sterilized product for use as a
soil conditioner.
the digester and agitated by the screws, the
level of material in the digester rises.  The
material that was received along the wall
eventually works its way to the center where
it overflows and is discharged as a finished,
US4053
Lindstrom, R. E.  Arrangement for the aerobic
biological transformation of organic waste
material.  U.S. 3,136,608; filed Aug. 20, 1962;
issued June 9, 1964.

The device comprises one large container
divided into several compartments.  The
bottom wall of the container is sloped
downward.  Three compartments are located
in the container.  The uppermost compartment
is for the reception of human excrement,
the second for the reception of garbage, and
the lowermost compartmer.t for storage of
the transformed material.  Each compartment
has passageways so that the excrement can
pass to the garbage and the mixture can pass
to the composting storage unit.
US-0054
Larson, J. D.  Automatic  control  of  digester
for  converting inorganic  material into
assimilable plant  food.   U.S.  3,178,267;
filed July 25, 1962; issued Apr.  13,  1965.

This apparatus and method of making  organic
fertilizer utilizes inorganic  material  (raw
phosphate  rock), organic material  (sludge,
manure,  garbage),  and  an expediter  (lignin,
yeast,  corn  liquor).   Insrganic  materials  are
pulverized to  pass  through  a  200 mesh  screen
and are  mixed  with  both organic  materials
and an  expediter which pass an 8 mesh  screen.
The mixture  is deposited in a hopper and  fed
to the  intake  end  of a drum by a screw
24

-------
conveyor.  This drum is slowly rotated at
about 4 revolutions per hr and is supplied
with a heating unit.  The delivered product
is directed from the discharge end of the
drum to an endless conveyor.  It is transported
to a truck or other suitable storage means
to await shipment.  A 24-hr period is required
to complete this process.
US-0055
Varro, S., and M. MacDuffie  (Waste Processes,
Inc.), Apparatus for converting waste
material into fertilizer.  U.S. 3,233,976;
filed July 24, 1963; issued Feb. 8, 1966.
This system produces fertilizer by processing
the following organic waste materials:  (1)
urban waste, e.g., municipal garbage and
trash; (2) alimentary waste, e.g., restaurant
refuse, swill, etc.; (3) agricultural wastes,
                                                                                                25

-------
Compost/Composting
e.g., manure, tobacco stems, bagasse, etc.;
and  (4) industrial wastes, e.g., canning
wastes, coffee grounds, paper wastes, etc.
After the waste has been ground to pulp, it
is delivered to the upper layer of a series
of superposed, vertically spaced, stationary
decks.  The pulp is advanced as a layer
down the stepped decks.  Rakes move and
agitate the waste as it moves down the deck
arrangement in order to expose all of the
material to the air.  This exposure
stimulates aerobic bacterial action with
respect to the pulp.  This system promotes the
digestion of the waste due to bacterial
action, thereby producing a product suitable
for use as a fertilizer.
US-0056
Pierson, N. A.  Apparatus for processing
wet garbage.  U.S.  3,236,743; filed Jan. 22,
1962; issued Feb.  22,  1966.
Garbage  is  converted  to  useful  products
through  a process  of  fermentation.  The
chemical content of garbage  may be  recovered
or  converted  to useable  compositions  after
this fermentation process.  A hopper receives
the refuse to be processed and a pathogen-killing
chemical is injected into the hopper.  An
auger conveyor moves the refuse toward one
end of the hopper and simultaneously grinds
the refuse into a soft, moist slurry.  The
refuse slurry is discharged into a grinder
for further comminuting the refuse.  The
ground refuse is passed through a magnetic
separator at the discharge opening of the
grinder, is pumped to a fermentation tank, and
remains for 20 to 48 hr.  Alcohol produced
during fermentation can be recycled as the
pathogen-killing chemical.  This useful and
sanitary method of disposal will yield many
valuable chemicals to offset the operating
costs.
US-0057
Redman, L. E.  (Garbage Service Company, Inc.),
Apparatus for treating organic and inorganic
waste.  U.S. 3,246,954; filed Feb. 9, 1962;
issued Apr. 19, 1966.
Material  to be  composted  is moved by  a
conveyor  from a storage hopper  to a grinder.
During  transportation,  the  refuse is  subjected
to manual  and magnetic  separation.  The
ground  refuse is  then  conveyed  to a rotary
26

-------
mixing drum which is heated. Heated water is
introduced into the refuse while it is mixing.
The mixed waste material is delivered to a
suitable hopper or receptacle serving as a
digester compartment. A shaft with several
radiating arms rotates and agitates the
refuse during fermentation. The refuse
passes through three digester compartments by
conveyors. After leaving the third digester,
the compost is again agitated. A grinder
receives the compost from the agitator and
pulverizes it. Two driers remove all
moisture from the composting material. From
the driers, the compost is screened and
delivered to a final grinder. The end
product is now ready for use.
to the bottom. Warm moist air is placed in
contact with the zone of the surface of the
material until the whole body of the material
US-0058
Emmet, E. (Dunfix Establissement), Apparatus
for the manufacture of compost. U.S. 3,248,175;
filed Feb. 7, 1963; issued Apr. 26, 1966.

In the production of compost from organic
waste products, town refuse, kitchen waste,
feces, or suitable material is fed into the
composting container without being sorted or
chopped beforehand. The horizontal
cylindrical rotating container is only partly
filled, leaving an open space over the refuse
material. Material is tumbled from the surface
has been processed. The next stage is one
in which all particles of the material are
supplied by warm moist air; air is then shut
off completely and the microorganisms begin
the decomposition process. As the process
is a continuous one, the ripening conditions
in the individual parts add together and
yield ripe compost in a comparatively short
period. It is possible to arrive at a
practically ripe compost in 1 to 3 days.
US-0059
Pierson, N. A. Apparatus for collection and
treating heterogeneous waste materials.
U.S. 3,248,176; filed Jan. 26, 1965; issued
Apr. 26, 1966.
A system is provided for collecting
municipal refuse, and for treating these
heterogeneous waste materials. Refuse is
dumped into a receiving pit where it comes
to rest on a slatted conveyor. Some of the
TO ___
27

-------
Compost/Composting


liquid  content  of  the refuse drains down
through  the slats.  The conveyor moves  the
refuse  to an accumulator chamber.  Measured
amounts  of the  refuse are conveyed into the
composting plant.  The refuse is subjected to
manual  separation  and then is conveyed  to a
pulverizing and  mixing apparatus.  Liquids
are added to bring the moisture content to
the desired level, these liquids being  those
drained  from the refuse while it was on the
conveyor.  Raw  sewage is added and thoroughly
mixed with the  refuse.  An elevator carries
the mixture to  the uppermost digestion  cell.
Moisture-sensitive controls in the cell record
the moisture content of the refuse entering
the cell and control the degree of closure
of the control  valve.
Collection  trucks  discharge  the  refuse  into
a  hopper  or pit.   Refuse  is  moved  by  conveyor
to a  picking and separating  station,  where
manual and  magnetic  separation takes  place
on a  slowly-moving conveyor.  The  conveyor
discharges  the  refuse  into a grinder.   After
grinding, the refuse is conveyed to a mixing
drum and heated water is sprayed upon the
refuse in the mixer  to raise  its temperature.
An endless  conveyor  transports the mixed
refuse to one of six digester chambers  and
allows the  refuse  to undergo  a 6-day
fermentation process.  A discharge conveyor
removes the  composted material and transfers
it to a grinder.   Composted,  ground refuse
is then conveyed to  a drier  and, after
drying, goes through another  grinding operation.
The refuse  may  then be bagged or collected
as a finished and  saleable product.
US-0060
Redman, L. E.   (Garbage Service Company, Inc.),
Apparatus for composting waste materials.
U.S. 3,276,845; filed Nov. 30, 1962; issued
Oct. 4, 1966.
Waste materials containing organic and inorganic
constituents are composted by this method.
US-0061
Tracy, J. F.  Method and means for the
treatment of garbage.   J.S. 3,362,650;
filed June 7, 1965; issued Jan. 9, 1968.

Garbage is sorted and converted into useful
material in  a water-filled settling  tank
provided with a rapidly moving current which
removes the lighter, organic material from
the tank.  The denser,  inorganic material
settles to the bottom of the tank.  A carriage
with a cutting grid and a propeller operates
along the length of the tank.  The organic
material is finely divided after its removal
from the settling tank, and is then deposited
on filter beds.  The water is drained from
the organic material which is then piled
into windrows for composting.  After an
initial period of anaerobic composting,
the interiors of the windrows may be
exposed to the atmosphere by passageways
made by augers for further aerobic composting
which converts the garbage into fertilizer.
The tank contains a suspension medium for
receiving garbage.  The first separator
operative within the tank removes the
relatively light material and suspension
medium from the tank.   It also finely
divides the removed material.  The second
separator removes the suspension medium from
the finely divided material.  A mobile
shredder passes over a  portion of the tank
and a mobile crane with a clam shell bucket
is utilized to dig out  the solids and to load
them on a truck which conveys this material to
a solids preparation area.
28

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                            194
US 0062
Cobey, T.  Compost  turner and windrow  forming
machine.  U.S.  3,369,797; filed June 8,  1966;
issued Feb.  20,  1968.

This mobile  apparatus  straddles
ground-deposited material,  such as  compost.
It is provided with  a  power-driven  rotatable
throwing device  which  engages and fragments
the material  and transfers  it through  a
passageway in the apparatus.  The fragmented
material is  discharged and  redeposited in a
windrow formation.   The apparatus has  a
straddle frame which defines a ground  level
enclosed, longitudinally-extending
passageway.  The compost-thrower has a number
of radially projecting teeth to throw  the
compost.  The thrower  is rotatably  secured
to the frame, for rotation  about an axis
transverse to the passageway.  Vertically
positioned retaining wings  are held by the
frame in a transverse  relationship to define
the feed throat and discharge throat of the
passageway.  Material is transferred from
the feed throat through the passageway to
                                                                                                 29

-------
Compost/Composting

the discharge throat. The passageway
converges toward the discharge end to
deposit the material in a continuous windrow
formation.
US-0063
Klein, G. T. Composting device. U.S. 3,438,584;
filed May 19, 1967; issued Apr. 15, 1969.

The device works and turns matter such as
fertilizers, manures, soil conditioners, or
windrows of organic compost. Decompostion,
screening, and bagging of the resulting
mixture can be expeditiously accomplished.
67
The vehicle has an auger that works, turns,
and lifts rows of matter while the vehicle
is driven through the matter. The auger
directs the matter toward the center and
then lifts the matter. A conveying device
receives the matter from the auger and then
feeds it to a spreader which selectively
guides the matter so it can be piled as it
was originally prior to being worked.
34
30

-------
US 0064
Brown, V.   (New Life Foundation), Composting
conveyor.  U.S. 3,438,740; filed Feb. 1, 1966;
issued Apr. 15, 1969.
A composting conveyor is movable along an
elongated tank for periodically agitating
organic material placed in the tank for
aerobic digestion.  The conveyor is inclined
and operable in a gap of the material to
progressively elevate the material adjacent
the lower portion of the conveyor to a
position above the level of the material in
the tank and discharge it back into the
tank.  The conveyor is reversible as to the
direction of travel relative to the tank.  A
second conveyor travels along with the
inclined conveyor to receive material from
it and discharge it beyond one side of the
tank after the organic material has been
aerobically digested.  The control means
includes limit switches at the ends of the
tank and the inclination of the conveyor is
affected by a hydraulic unit responsive to
the limit switches.
                                                    Processes
US-0065
Geraghty, C. J., R. R. Kennedy, and C. S.
Seabrook  (Modoc Peat Moss Company) , Process
of composting municipal refuse in windrows.
U.S. 2,798,800; filed Mar. 1,  1954; issued
July 9, 1957.

The only equipment needed in this process of
composting unsegregated solid municipal
                                   UNSORTED MUNICIPAL REFUSE
                                                                                                 31

-------
 Compost/Composting


 refuse  is  a bulldozer or power shovel and a
 screen.  Refuse is stacked in a windrow in
 which the  moisture content remains at 40 to
 60  percent.   The windrow is tumbled every few
 days by means of a bulldozer and blade
 which moves  the windrow laterally a distance
 about equal  to its width.  It is restored to
 its original height and this tumbling operation
 is  repeated  until the garbage content of the
 waste has  been composted and converted to
 humus.   This process usually takes 3 to 8
 weeks.   The  remaining unsegregated mixture of
 junk and humus is screened, the oversize
 particles  being rejected and the undersize
 particles  resulting in the finished product.
 US-0066
 Dresser,  W.  C.,  and R.  D.  Jacobson  (American
 Cyanamid  Company),  Method  for preparing
 compost.   U.S.  2,820,703;  filed May 19, 1954;
 issued Jan.  21,  1958.
   RAW MATERIAL
               INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE  I
               INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE  2
               INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE
               INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE  4
               INOCULUM FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE 5
it has a chemical oxygen demand  (COD)  of  10,000
units.  Material is removed  from the cell
and segregated into two portions.  One of
these portions is used as the inoculum for
fresh, incoming raw material, with which  it
is mixed and placed in the first cell.  The
remaining portion is transferred to the
second cell and allowed to digest further.
When the COD of the second cell reaches
about 9,000 units, the material is removed
and segregated into two portions.  One of
these portions is used as the inoculum for
material being transferred from the first
cell to the second.  The remainder of  the
material from the second cell is transferred
to the third cell.  This process is continued
from stage to stage in the manner described
until the COD of the material is about 6,000
units.  The final product is further aerated
and bagged in suitable containers.
US-0067
Pierson, N. A.   (Naturizer Company), Process
of fermenting municipal refuse disposal.
U.S. 2,823,106;  filed Sept.  1, 1954; issued
Feb. 11, 1958.

Municipal refuse and sewage  are disposed of
by composting.   Refuse-collecting  trucks
dump refuse in windrows and  the pile is
rolled by the trucks to effect compaction  of
the refuse.  The compacted pile is  then
moistened and inoculated with bacteria to
induce speedy decomposition.  Subsequently
the windrows are turned to loosen  the refuse
and provide aerobic bacterial action.  After
repeated moistening arid rolling of  the
refuse, it is completely decomposed into an
organic humus.   The compost  is then screened
               INOCULUM  FOR SUCCEEDING STAGE  6.
     COMPOST

This multi-stage  process  is  used  for converting
organic waste material  of  animal  and
vegetable origin  to  useful compost.   The  raw
starting material  is  allowed to digest  until
by a screening mechanism  to  remove  all
noncompostable material.  All  tin cans and
rubber articles  are decomposed.  The  end
compost product  is bagged and  ready for
commericial  use.
32

-------
US-0068
Jeffreys, G. A. Simultaneous aerobic and
anaerobic composting process. U.S. 2,867,521;
filed Mar. 3, 1955; issued Jan. 6, 1959.

In the production of compost from industrial
and other wastes, raw wastes are subjected
to at least three and usually four stages of
microorganismal activity. When the waste
possesses a substantial content of cellulose
and lignin, it is first subjected to fungal
mold action. It then goes through a period
of predominant decomposition by bacteria in
the mesophilic range (bacteria which thrive
at temperatures below about 45 to 50 C) .
This is followed by a period of maximum
activity by bacteria in the thermophilic range
(bacteria thriving above temperatures of
about 45 to 50 C) . The final stage is one
in which actinoniycetes play the most active
role. The thoroughly composted, stabilized
material is dried and ready for use. When
cellulosic and lignin content is low, the
initial fungal stage may be omitted. Raw
waste should first be ground, shredded, or
pulverized into a relatively fine state of
comminution.
US-0069
Gorby, H. B. (American Dross Disposal
Corporation), Rapid composting. U.S.
2,947,619; filed Mar. 22, 1957; issued Aug. 2,
1960.

This rapid composting process uses a minimum
of equipment. The moisture content of the
composting material should be adjusted to about
40 to 60 percent. This can be done by
frequent turning and aerating of extremely
moist material, mechanical driers, spraying
water on very dry material, or by adding
moist compost to dry compost. The pH of the
compost should be kept between 6.5 to 7.5 by
addition of ash, carbonates, or lime or by
aeration accomplished by shredding and
tossing the compost. Temperature should be
kept between 50 to 60 C and is controlled by
regulating the aeration process. The
composting process should be carried on in a
shelter with an asphalt or concrete base.
Windrows should be about 4 to 6 ft in height
and 8 to 10 ft in width. After composting,
the material is conveyed out of the shelter,
over a magnetic separator and through a
shredder. It is thrown into the air and
falls in a porous heap on the ground, ready
for final curing.
US-0070
Carlsson, P. M., and K. F. Petersen. Method
and apparatus for the fermentation of waste
materials containing organic constituents.
U.S. 2,954,285; filed Dec. 9, 1953; issued
Sept. 27, 1960.

Waste materials are processed by subjecting
them to aerobic thermophilic fermentation
accompanied by a powerful generation of
heat. Waste materials are introduced into a
rotatable, horizontally-positioned cylindrical
container. Air is introduced in a radial
direction to the waste materials in the
lower part of the container. During rotation
of the waste, the aeration medium will be
able to evenly penetrate the whole of the
material. The material is introduced in an
axial direction through a preheating zone, a
main fermentation zone, and drying zone. By
this means, a continuous treatment is possible.
The process lasts for 3 to 5 days and
the resulting product is completely fermented.
US-0071
Pierson, N. A. (Naturizer Company), Process
of decomposing and stabilizing refuse. U.S.
2,969,279; filed Aug. 1, 1956; issued Jan. 24,
1961.

Waste materials are composted to produce a
product suitable for use as a soil nutrient.
Refuse is introduced into a pulverizer from a
refuse collection truck. This pulverizer has
a screen attached so that the refuse is
screened upon leaving the pulverizer. As
material passes through the pulverizer,
water is introduced through sprays to adjust
the moisture content to 50 to 70 percent.
An aerobic bacteria and A, f: 'n.gatus fungi
are introduced into the pulverized refuse.
33

-------
Compost/Composting
The pulverized refuse then passes through a
grinder and then into a digestion cell.  The
entire wall will be constantly exposed to

INQCULANr
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air while in the cell.  Refuse is discharged
downward from one cell to another after
staying in each about 24 hr.  After passing
through all six cells, the refuse is passed
through a grinder and transferred to windrows.
About 12 days are required for composting in
the windrows.  Composted refuse can then be
packaged or stored for later use.
US-0072
Crane, T. A,, and P. R. Adams.  Method for
making fertilizer.  U.S. 3,041,157; filed
Oct. 5,  1955; issued June 26, 1962.

Putrefiable organic waste materials are
converted into compost.  Before the waste is
processed, it is sorted to remove inorganic
matter and then put through a grinder.  It
is then  agitated to remove excess moisture.
Inoculating bacteria and other additives may
be put into the waste just before it is fed
into the digester.  The digester unit consists
of numbers of tiers of chambers, each of
which contain rotary blade conveyors.  Treated
                                       >'*>
through four main stages or chambers, one
above the other.  Each stage is controlled so
that its temperature, humidity, and air do
not affect any of the bacteria that work on
the material to decompose it.  Material may
be recirculated during the process by moving
it to an upper chamber or keeping it in the
same chamber a longer period of time.  Rotary
blades gently rotate and agitate the material
                                                                  27
as it passes through the chambers.  The
composted material is thsm removed from the
discharge end of the unit.
US-0073
Foth, H. S.  (International Vibro, Inc.),
Method of processing waste material.  U.S.
3,113,014; filed Sept. 7, 1960; issued Dec.
1963.
3,
waste passes continuously  through  tie
digester at a very slow speed.   It passes
Waste material is processed to produce a
humus product useful as a soil conditioner.
Material to be processed is discharged onto
a classifying screen to separate the material
according to bulk size.  That which passes  through
the screen is subjected to magnetic separation.
The material ten^iining ii conveyed to a grinding
mill and any desired chemical nutrients can
be added.  After ground material is discharged,
it is feJ into a briquette press for
compression into relatively small units.
Resulting briquettes are packaged or enclosed
within an air-tight covering or coating.
Anaerobic digestion take^ place while the
briquettes are in tne package.  The material
is exposed to air after the anaerobic cycle
for aerobic digestion.  Added to the soil,
34

-------
this humus produces a most desirable
fertilizer product.
WASTE MATERIAL
nvES

MAGNETIC
SEfMRATOR

GRiHDifiS
MILL

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METALL/C MATERIAL
US-0074
Eweson, E. W. Multistage process of
producing organic fertilizer. U.S. 3,138,447;
filed May 17, 1960; issued June 23, 1964.

Organic fertilizer is produced in this
invention by the fermentation of moist organic
Materials. Raw refuse is dumped into a
hopper which discharges it through a screen
of coarse mesh. The screenings enter the
body of a digester, which is mounted for
rotation in a horizontal position. It is
divided into compartments by partitions
provided with transfer buckets which are
selectably opened. These buckets allow
material to be transferred from one
compartment to another. Air is forced
through the entire digester from the lower
end. Each compartment is vented to maintain
the optimum climate for the microorganisms
present. A portion of the treated material
is left in each stage as a culture for
inoculation of transferred material. The
entire digester is rotated to ensure efficient
aeration, complete mixing, and inoculation of
the transferred material.
/ ,*'
K-3
US-0075
Schulze, K. L. Method for control of aerobic
decomposition. U.S. 3,138,448; filed Mar. 28,
1961; issued June 23, 1964.

This apparatus automatically regulates the
aerobic decomposition or composting of organic
material. It is accomplished by varying
air supply in response to sensed aerobic
activity within the organic material undergoing
decomposition. The air supply line to the
enclosed mass of composting material is
controlled by a thermostatically-operated
solenoid valve. Microorganisms use up the
oxygen in the unit, aerobic respiration decreases,
and heat diminishes. This causes the air
supply line to open using the thermal
sensing means. The line remains open until
the pre-set temperature is again reached
and the cycle is repeated. This type of
35

-------
Compost/Composting
temperature control keeps the compost in
the optimum temperature range for the aerobic
organisms.
from the treatment of cellulosic materials
with caustic soda arc usually called  ''black
liquor.'"  This black liquor is mixed with the
town refuse in ratio;; relative to the
condition of the refuse.  When the ash
content of the refuse is higher than normal,
as in the winter, straw, sawdust, or pulp can
be added to decrease the percentage of ash.
The mixing of the black liquor with the
refuse is accomplished by means of a mixing
screw which thoroughly mixes and reduces the
constituents.  This riixture is subjected to
composting in the open air.  This final
product is granular and contains about 40
percent water.  A combination of town refuse
with waste from the paper industry gives
products of higher quality than those obtained
by other methods.
US-0076
Usse, J., and H. Spindler   (Compagnie
Electro-Chimique du Centre), Process for  the
production of fertilizers from  town refuse
and black liquor.  U.S. 3,141,759; filed  Apr.  19,
1960; issued July 21,  1964.

This invention is a method  of producing
fertilizer from town refuse.  Residual juices
US-0077
MacDuffie, M.,  and  S. Varro   (Waste  Processes,
Inc.), Method of  converting waste  material
into  fertilizer.  U.S.  3,142,557;  filed  Nov.  24,
1959; issued July 28, 1964.

Organic  fertilizer  is. produced  from  organic
waste materials.  Trucks carrying  garbage or
other refuse dump their loads into a trough
•which has an apron  conveyor for its  bottom
side.  The refuse is transferred to  other
36

-------
conveyors directly below and at right angles
to the apron conveyor. Compressors even out
the refuse in a uniform mat at the discharge
end of the belt. The matted refuse is
conveyed to a primary grinder which converts
the refuse into a finely ground pulp. This
pulp is then put through another grinder and
then screened and separated. Storage tanks
receive this pulp and transfer it to the
digesters as needed. In the digesters, the
pulp travels over eight superimposed levels
or decks while the pulp is converted into
compost by aerobic bacterial action. The
digested pulp or compost is conveyed to
vibrating screens. The screened matter is
ready for use as compost while the tailings
are recirculated through the digester.
US-0078
Eweson, E. W. (International Eweson Corporation),
Fermented fertilizer having a granular
structure and the method for producing
the same. U.S. 3,235,369; filed June 29, 1962;
issued Feb. 15, 1966.

A method for manufacturing organic
fertilizers is provided in which silica mineral
particles are used to obtain a granular
fertilizer structure in material produced by
/" /" . . r
•f •,!•••* l«i umi f rrfV^. i.Lm
fermentation (thus powdery or fibrous in
composition). Refuse containing glass is
used, where the glass is ground to desired
particle size and serves as the nucleus for
the aggregation of the fermenting material.
The mixture of organic material and silica is
subjected to aerobic microbial fermentation
by known methods. The mass is processed to
reach a temperature of at least 55 C and a
6 percent concentration of carbon dioxide.
Fermentation will be completed in 72 to 96
hr in a multi-stage rotary digester or 2 to 6
months in an ordinary compost heap. Sand or
clay products may be used in place of glass.
Pierson, N. A. System for controlling the
addition of liquids to refuse. U.S. 3,236,605;
filed Dec. 18, 1961; issued Feb. 22, 1966.
This invention provides a novel system for
adding a liquid mixture of water and a
nitrogen-containing chemical to refuse
n
material which is to be composted. Raw
refuse is allowed to drain off liquids and is
then sent through two grinders. Drainage
liquid, water, and aqueous ammonia are mixed
in a mixing manifold and transferred to a
storage tank. The storage tank is heated
and the warm liquid fed into the second
grinder. The moisture content of the refuse
is precisely adjusted, and by means of meters,
valves, and other apparatus, the mixture of
the fluid elements and thin flow are exactly
controlled. Various chemical elements and
other liquids can be accurately added to any
material ready for composting.
US-0080
Schulze, K. L. Continuous single-zone
thermophilic phase composting process. U.S.
3,285,732; filed Dec. 5, 1963; issued Nov. 15,
1966.
This aerobic composting process contains all
the decomposing material in a reactor which
37

-------
Compost/Composting
is maintained at an optimum temperature
range.  Garbage is fed into a shredder which
has a 3/4-in. opening screen.  Sewage sludge
and vermiculite are mixed with the shredded
garbage.  The mixture is placed in a rotating
drum and heated to between 130 F and 160 F.
Air is continuously supplied to the drum and
the compost removed after about 3 weeks.
After removal, the product is stored in an
open bin.  Two to three weeks later, the
product is ready for use as a soil conditioner.
US 0081
Pierson, N. A.  Aerobic composting with
comminution and forcea aeration.  U.S.
3,298,821; filed Mar. 26, 1964; issued Jan.
17, 1967.

Organic waste material is converted into a
stabilized compost having use as a soil
nutrient.  The refuse to be composted is
          ;V. .^?T:W;-,t:"''''.T^p|
          ^=^~~====±*M
                      "*n—'-,:   \l |
                          ... -c
fed to a grinder which also elevates, the
temperature of the refuse.  An elevator
carries the ground refuse upward to an air
lock.  Refuse then falls downward to rest on
a conveyor and, when its weight is sufficient,
the conveyor switch is activated.  The refuse
moves outward toward the end of the conveyor.
It remains on the conveyor for approximately
24 hr before falling to an underlying
conveyor.  This conveyor operates on the same
principle and the refuse usually stays here
for approximately 24 hr.  This partially
composted material may be transported to a
landfill for disposal or retained for
further composting.  The retained refuse is
put through a grinder and conveyed to an
elevator.  It is lifted to a secondary
digestion belt and cell and goes through an
identical operation.  A final grinding and
screening is followed by bagging the final
products.
US-0082
Bratzler, K. , H. Schafer,  G. F. W.  Hingst,
and P. Aalrust  (Metallgesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft),   Process for producing
nitrogen-rich organic materials especially
for use as fertilizers.   U.S. 3,325,275;
filed June 26, 1963;  issued June 13, 1967.

This process produces a nitrogen-rich fertilizer
from humic acid and/or lignin reacting with
ammonia and oxygen.  Hjmic acid or materials
of vegetable origin containing humic acid,
lignin containing materials, or carbohydrates
containing residues are reacted with ammonia
at a temperature of 50 to 130 C and at a pressure
of 10 to 150 atmospheres.   Oxygen is added in a
5 to 3 ratio of oxygen to ammonia.   The pH of the
mixture is maintained at least at 7.5.
Substances contained in the sulfite liquors
of the cellulose industry provide the best
supply of lignin materials.  After the
reaction has terminated, the final products
are obtained by evaporation and drying of the
reaction products.
US-0083
Sroda, G. R.  Method o: preparing an organic
soil conditioner.  U.S. 3,353,948; filed
Sept. 9, 1964; issued Nov. 21, 1967.

This soil conditioner is made from poultry
manure and fibrous material which is free of
noxious weed seeds, insecticides, herbicides
or fungicides.  Manure is collected from
animals grown in confinement only and fed a
ration of high protein and mineral content.
Peat is the other ingredient in this fertilizer.
A layer of fibrous material is placed in a
moisture-free room and water is sprayed over
it.  Manure is placed on this layer in a
ratio of one part manure to 10 parts fibrous
material.  Additional water is sprayed on
this layer.  The mixture is then mixed by
a motor-driven unit having any form of
mixing blades.  Water :.s added during the
mixing procedure.  The final mixture is about
10 to 20 parts water, and this pile is
allowed to compost in a temperature not lower
than 70 F.  The final product, which is
packaged in suitable containers, has the
ability to open tight or clay soils and close
loose or sandy soils.
US-0084
Snell, J. R.  Method and apparatus for the
aerobic composting of crganic waste material.
U.S. 3,357,812; filed Cct.  20, 1964; issued
Dec. 12, 1967.
38

-------
Finely-divided organic material is composted
by a continuous method by the action of
aerobic thermophilic micro-organisms. The
steps include establishing and maintaining
in a composting zone an everchanging treatment
mass by supplying nondecomposed organic
material to a feed-receiving location in the
zone. A proportionate quantity of material
from this zone is discharged at a point remote
from the feed-receiving location, and
decomposition of organic material is affected
in the treatment mass in the zone by
maintaining the mass in a loosely piled condition
by successively agitating laterally adjacent
portions of it at a number of vertically
spaced elevations. This is carried out
without substantial vertical displacement
of material from any of the vertically spaced
elevations while uniformly contacting the
entire treatment mass with air by passing
vertically through it a relatively slow
moving stream of air. This stream of air
has a cross section equal to the area of the
treatment mass and quantity at least
sufficient to satisfy the oxygen requirements
of aerobic thermophilic micro-organisms
therein. The quantity of air passed through
the mass is regulated to maintain a constant
temperature level in the treatment mass.
US-0085
Pruessner, R. D., and R. C. Woerner (Petro-Tex
Chemical Corporation), Waste treatment
processes. U.S. 3,401,113; filed July 11,
1966; issued Sept. 10, 1968.
This process is designed to treat domestic
or municipal wastes and also industrial wastes
which may contain a high percentage of
volatile and toxic materials, as well as
other pollutiona] materials. The procedure
consists of extended aerobic waste decomposition.
The waste is introduced directly and
continuously to the aeration zone in a
specified ratio of waste to activated sludge
(0.15 to 0.41 Ib BOD per Ib MLVSS). This
combination of rapid dispersion of the waste
with the activated sludge in a specified
critical range of proportions substantially
eliminates volatilization, foam, and
difficulty in settling, and the need for
additional pH control.
US 0086
Redman, E. (Garbage Service Company, Inc.),
Method for treating organic and inorganic
waste material. U.S. 3,419,377; filed Apr. 19,
1966; issued Dec. 31, 1968.

This process for composting fermentable
organic and inorganic material first requires
that the materials be ground within a
temperature-controlled atmosphere. Preheated
liquid is added to produce a
temperature-controlled mass while fermentation
is initiated. The temperature-controlled
39

-------
Compost/Composting
mass is delivered into one end of an
elongated enclosure.  The mass is formed
and shaped for fermentation while moving
toward the other end of  the enclosure.  The
                  2!  26  22  J7   36 22


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mass is simultaneously aerated and agitated
while moisture is added.  The mass is reformed
within the enclosure to permit the free
circulation of air through and about the mass
while it moves within the enclosure.  The
mass is agitated and aerated by fluffing and
breaking it up.  This produces new areas for
fermentation at a rate determined by the
fermentation temperature of the mass.  The
mass is processed through second, third, and
fourth stages of fermentation, accompanied
by the reforming, agitating, and aerating of
the first fermentation stage.  The mass is
finally discharged and ground for delivery
to a drier.  The dried mass is screened.
Screened particles are ground to obtain a
finished product.
US-0087
Kitagawa, H.,  Y.  Maeda,  S.  Nakamura,  T.  Miyagi,
S. Itoh, M. Kimura,  and  Y.  Suzuki   (Hitachi
Chemical Company), Method and  an apparatus
for purifying waste.  U.S.  3,428,555;  filed
Jan. 3, 1967;  issued  Feb. 18,  1969.
 A method and apparatus are provided for
 purifying waste such as human waste, domestic
 waste, city sewage, or industrial effluent
 water including pulp, medical, food, and
 fiber wastes or wastes from plating or oil and
 fat works and slaughterhouses.  The method
 consists of ae'robically purifying waste
 products in a vessel using aerobes or an
 activated sludge which Is kept alive in a
 bath of the waste products in the vessel.
 The solid substances are conveyed through a
 dissolving zone containing smooth rotating
 surfaces, which successively contact the air
 and the waste products.  The waste products
 are further conveyed through an aeration
 zone also containing smooth rotating surfaces.
 The rotating surfaces supply oxygen and
' provide a circulating f].ow sufficient to
 distribute the dissolved oxygen throughout
 the waste products and to prevent settling
 of the activated sludge,   The aerated waste
 products are introduced into a settling zone
 to separate the suspended activated sludge
 from the purified product.
 US-0088
 Brown, V.  (Metropolitan Waste Conversion
 Corporation), Composting method for aerobic
 digestion of organic wasite material.  U.S.
 3,451,799; filed June 2, 1967; issued June 24,
 1969.

 Waste organic material is composted by
 complete aerobic digestion, obtaining an
 organic fertilizer of uniform analysis.  The
 process consists of first distributing a mass
 of heterogeneous ground waste material in
 layers in a tank, agitating and lifting the
40

-------
 material from the ends of the layers to a
 point above the surface of the mass, and
 dropping it back into the tank to convert
 the mass to a homogeneous non*layered mass
while  exposing  it  to  air.   The batch is
chemically  analyzed and chemicals  are
added  as  required,  either  in solution by
spraying  or fogging,  or by broadcasting if
dry  chemicals are  used, to produce a fertilizer
product of  desirable  and uniform analysis.
Nitrogen  phosphate  or potash are the
chemicals uniformly supplied.
DISPOSAL
US-0089
Smith, R. B.  (Sinclair Refining Company),
Pyrolytic conversion of hydrocarbons.  U.S.
2,517,139; filed Apr. 29,  1947; issued Aug.  1,
1950.

The pyrolytic conversion of hydrocarbons
involves the use of a finely divided catalyst.
The catalyst, at elevated  temperature, is
suspended in oil vapors, and is then passed
to a reaction zone in which conversion of
the oil occurs, and *~he spent catalyst is
separated from the oil vapors.  The cayalyst
is regenerated by burning  off coke or carbon
dioxide, and then employed again.  Effluent
gases from the regenerating zone containing
catalyst fines are subjected to ultrasonic
 vibrations.   This causes the particles of
 the catalyst dispersed in the gases to be
 readily separable from the effluent gases.
 These vibrations may also be imparted to .the
 gaseous suspension.
 US-0090
 Smith,  R.  B.   (Sinclair Refining Company),
 Pyrolytic  conversion  of hydrocarbons with
 the  aid of a  catalyst.  U.S.  2,556,114;
 filed June 27,  1947;  issued June 5, 1951.

 In a pyrolytic  conversion process, a
 finely-divided  catalyst is brought into
 contact with  vaporized hydrocarbons to be
 converted in  a  reaction zone.  The catalyst
                                                            VAFOM ItftUUTM
is separated from the oil vapors, stripped
of hydrocarbons, and regenerated by
decarbonization for use again.   This invention

-------
employs less equipment than normal and does
not need to utilize steam as a stripping
medium.  The operation and apparatus are
compact and simple, for the reaction,
stripping, and regeneration all occur in a
single chamber.  This minimizes heat radiation
losses.  The catalyst is maintained
throughout the system in a fluidized
condition, though it is not always of uniform
density.  The lower and intermediate portions
of the single chamber are separated by a
partition to form a central reaction zone and
an outer stripping and regenerating zone.
Air, or other oxygen-containing gas, is
employed for regeneration of the catalyst.
Caution, however, is exerted to limit the
amount of oxygen used, so that the products
of combustion coming into contact with the
spent catalyst are relatively free from
oxygen.
US-0091
Schutt, H. C.  (Stone and Webster Engineering
Corporation), Pyrolysis furnace.  U.S. 2,557,569;
filed Feb. 14, 1948; issued June 19, 1951.

This pyrolysis furnace treats hydrocarbon
fluids for the production of olefines.
Fluids are heated in separate streams at
appropriate treating temperatures to insure
the prevention of any imdesired sharp
temperature rises at tiese temperatures.  This
is accomplished by means of the novel cellular
design of the furnace.  The invention results
in a proper balance between convection and
radiant-heating surface in the furnace.  The
supports for the tubular heating elements
are prevented from failure, because the tube
support system is adapted for the passage of
a coolant fluid which preferably flows through
a convection shield baik.






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                                                                               -v«
 US 0092
 Akerlund,  F.  E.   Apparatus  and process  for
 thermal  destruction  of  waste  materials.
 U.S.  3,207,854;  filed Nov.  14, 1957;  issued
 Apr.  3,  1962.
This  apparatus  is  employed  for  thermal
decomposition of waste materials  such as
household and industrial  wastes.   This  process
is  continuous and  destroys  waste  materials
without  the additional application of heat
42

-------
other than the heat generated by the
self-destruction of the materials. The heat

generated at a reaction or heating zone is
moved as a flow of heated gases in a direction
counter to the movement of the waste material
being heated. This drives off any moisture
in the material, destructively distills
the material, and carbonizes it without
effecting complete consumption. The
carbonized waste material constitutes a fuel
used in a reaction zone to create the heat
needed for drying and distilling the material.
While the waste material is being dried,
non-condensable gases driven off from the
material are recirculated. These gases,
mixed with air, move to the carbonization
reaction zone to cause reduction of the
material to remove ash and innocuous gases.
US-0093
Pierson, N. A. System for treating municipal
refuse. U.S. 3,236,604; filed Oct. 3, 1960;
issued Feb. 22, 1966.

This system reclaims all the valuable
components or materials in municipal refuse
with a minimum of manual labor and cost. A
manual picking table is the first step of
the process. The refuse is conveyed over
the picking table at a depth for manual
observation and removal of salvageable
components. From the picking table, the
remaining refuse is conveyed to a grinding
mechanism. The ground refuse is then
transported to a light products separation
device for the removal of paper, plastics,
metal foils and similar materials. Metals
*_y Isroferf30 tio
s~- GLASS- O'UT
43

-------
are removed from the heavier ground refuse
discharged, and the remainder of the refuse
is removed to a distillation apparatus, and
alternatively to a composting apparatus.
                                                                                           130
US-0094
Smith, R. H.  Deep sea refuse disposal.  U.S.
3,395,663; filed Feb. 20, 1967; issued Aug. 6,
1968.
                                        lo
This barge, which is equipped with a
nonbouyant refuse cont ainer mounted in an
open well, disposes oi municipal refuse and
trash at sea.  The nonbuoyant container is
filled with trash and carried out to  sea on
the barge.  Then, the container is placed in
the water and  submerged to a depth sufficient
to render the  mixed garbage nonbuoyant.  A
trap door in the container is opened  thereby
permitting the material to sink to the ocean
bottom.  Since substantially all buoyant
porous substances will become saturated and
lose their positive buoyancy if lowered to a
certain depth  in water, this device eliminates
the refuse with no evidence of  the refuse
being left upon the sarface of  the water.
                                                    US-0095
                                                    Balbi, V. L.  Refuse disposal system and
                                                    apparatus.  U.S. 3,426,715; filed Aug. 29, 1967;
                                                    issued Feb. 11, 1969.
44

-------
An improved method and apparatus for the
burial at sea of garbage and other refuse in
a safe, economical and sanitary manner involves
a special form of barge. The barge has a body
portion with an open gate at one end and a
or casing in which the material is fed and in
which is formed a flame chamber. The reaction
layer limits the usual structural expenditure
traveling bulkhead for discharging the
contents of the barge into the sea at a safe
distance from the shore. The barge has a
false or pontoon bottom which can be flooded
to change the draft and trim of the barge as
an assist in the discharge of the refuse at
the burial point. To prevent the return of
buoyant garbage and other refuse, such as
empty containers, cans and bottles are
crushed and broken and the entire contents of
the barge is contained as a unit by a wrapping
of open mesh wire screen or other suitable
material so packed and wetted as to insure
sinking to the bottom of the sea.
US-0096
Wotschke, J. Apparatus for the thermal
decomposition of waste products. U.S.
3,344,758; filed Dec. 5, 1963; issued Oct. 3,
1967.

This thermal decomposition apparatus treats
refuse of any kind, whether solid, liquid, or
gaseous. The refuse is converted on one
hand, into dust-free smoke or flue gases
and, on the other hand, into a practically
fused mass of non-combustible matter. The
invention obtains this result by a small
technical-economical expenditure as far as
construction and process are concerned.
Without using grates or drums, the refuse is
heated to a temperature level only required to
effect decomposition. The refuse forms a
thin surface reaction layer for the jacket
65
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for providing protection against loss ot
heat as well as against destruction of the
casing.
45

-------
Disposal
US-0097
Jurisich, J. M. Means and method of
positioning materials under the ground.
U.S. 3,352,115; filed July 21, 1965; issued
Nov. 14, 1967.

This apparatus for burying waste material or
garbage underground employs a screw spindle
220—.
to compact the waste material in a hollow
shaft and force it into underlying
surrounding soft ground. A flotation means
is employed in conjunction with the spindle
and shaft to aid in transporting the device
and forcing the waste material into the
ground. A hollow open-ended shaft is
positioned over soft ground and is driven
downward into the ground. Waste material is
then positioned in the shaft in an upward
extending column and the column is compacted
to force the waste material into soft
ground surrounding the shaft.
US-0098
Lee, A. L. (Consolidation Coal Company),
System for treating and transporting waste
material. U.S. 3,391,661; filed June 20, 1966;
issued July 9, 1968.

This waste disposal system eliminates the
waste which comes from business, industrial,
and residential areas. The combustible
components of the refuse and sewage are
separated from the noncombustible elements
and then incinerated. The waste is collected
by conventional methods and transported to one
of a number of preparation stations. The
collected material is shredded and any
magnetic constituents present are separated
P&EPARAT/O/V PLA/VT
and removed. The remaining waste material
is subjected to gravity separation where the
noncombustible inorganic elements are
separated from the combustible organic
constituents. The combustible waste is
mixed with water to form a slurry and the
slurry is pumped to a disposal station. At
the disposal station the slurry is dewatered
and the waste is burned. Sewage may be
46

-------
combined with water and comminuted waste to
form the pumpable slurry.
            DISPOSAL
may convert substantial portions of the
waste into fertilizing humus.  A sieve screens
the garbage and the portions which pass
through it are suitable for storage in a
silo, since it contains in the range of from
15 to 20 percent organic material.  The
remainder of the waste is roasted in the
US-0099
Matteini, S.  Plant for the treatment of
trash.  U.S. 3,393,651; filed Oct. 13, 1966;
issued July 23, 1968.
furnace, and the ash produced is mixed with
the stored material to form the fertilizing
humus.  If the humus accumulates in excessive
quantities, all of the waste may be sent to
the furnace for total incineration.
                                         26
This refuse treatment plant can dispose of
municipal waste through incineration, or it
US-0100
Fikse, H.  Landfill refuse-burying method
and apparatus.  U.S. 3,446,026; filed Dec. 21,
1967; issued May 27, 1969.

A hollow body of rectangular cross section
fitting snugly in a trench has a
refuse-receiving opening in its upper portion,
a refuse-discharge opening in one end,
opening horizontally and located a substantial
distance below the refuse-receiving opening,
and a closed end opposite the refuse-discharge
opening.  A ram in the lower portion of the
body is expandable to force refuse from the
body hollow through the refuse-discharge
opening beneath a deep layer of dirt over
the refuse-discharge opening.  The force
exerted to discharge refuse moves the body
along the trench away from the refuse-discharge
opening.  The refuse-burying compactor can
move along the trench and is able to raise
itself or lower itself relative to the
trench and steer itself from side to side.
Pivoted tamping bars mounted on the rear end
of the body can swing to tamp backfill dirt
in the trench.  This landfill method of

-------
Disposal
disposal is economical in operating expense
and in the volume of trash and garbage which
can be accomodated and provides a minimum
period of exposure of the garbage to open air.
US-0101
Bauer, W. J.  Process for wet oxidation of
combustible waste materials.  U.S.  3,449,247;
filed Oct. 23,  1965; issued June  10,  1969.

An apparatus and process are provided for the
disposal of organic solids such as  plant
wastes, sewage  sludge, combustible  refuse,
and other combustible materials in  an economical
manner by wet oxidation.  Combustible waste
is added to fluid sewage material.  It flows
downward in a shaft extending into  the earth
a sufficient distance to obtain the desired
and fluid sewage material to form a mixture
suitable for wet oxidation, maintaining the
desired temperature condition for wet
oxidation in the lower portion of the shaft.
After the wet oxidation is carried out, the
products are removed.
US-0102
Smith, R. H.  Deep sea refuse disposal.  U.S.
3,456,824; filed Mar. 26, 1968; issued July 22,
1969.
pressure for wet oxidation by the column of
fluid in the shaft.  Air is added to the refuse
This apparatus is used to dispose of household
refuse at sea.  The method  involves placing
the refuse in a container,  moving to a  location
at sea, rendering the container non-buoyant,
lowering the container to a predetermined
depth until the refuse has  been rendered
non-buoyant by water pressure, emptying the

-------
container at the depth, and subsequently
retrieving the container for reuse.
US-0103
O'Neal, B. D, (Esso Research and Engineering
Company), Disposal of waste spent shale.
U.S. 3,459,003; filed Nov. 21, 1967; issued
Aug. 5, 1969.
.,,.
^f- -* i ^-f-.--£~'\-:uj'-~{-A
-------
Drying Systems
The method consists of the following steps:
feeding the refuse materials to an externally
heated retort; heating the refuse materials
to a temperature of between about 900 C and
sludge and char mixture is used for the
pyrolysis of the refuse.
about 1,200 C for producing refuse gas;
conducting the refuse gas through a heat
exchanger where the gas is cooled and gives
off heat in order to utilize the condensation
heat of the water vapor contained in the
refuse gas; and mixing the cooled refuse gas
with a base gas. Prior to being cooled in the
heat exchanger, the refuse gas is passed
through a dry cleaning means such as a cyclone
filter. After the heating step, ash and coke
materials remaining in the retort are withdrawn,
and while still hot are placed in a gas
generator for subjecting to a further partial
combustion.
,32
US-0106
Osterman, J. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.),
Combination refuse and sewage disposal system.
U.S. 3.A72.186; filed May 9, 1968; issued Oct. 14,
1969.

Refuse is subjected to pyrolysis or
decomposition by the action of heat in an
agitated reaction chamber. The combustible
volatiles that are driven off during this
process can be used as a fuel, for example in
a steam generator. The remaining solids from
the process, in the form of char, can be
conveyed to a sewage treatment plant and used
as an adsorbent and filter aid in separating
the solids from the effluent. After the solids,
in the form of sludge, have been concentrated to
a sufficiently high percentage, they are
transferred to an incinerator and burned. If
an auxiliary fuel is necessary to maintain
ignition of the wet sewage sludge, a portion
of the combustible volatiles driven off from
the refuse can be used for this purpose. The
heat released from the combustion of the sewage
DRYING SYSTEMS
US-0107
Parry, V. F. (United States of America repr.
by the Secretary of the Interior), Method of
drying solids in a fluidized bed. U.S.
2,666,269; filed Aug. 22, 1949; issued Jan. 19,
1954.

A method is provided for the rapid continuous
heating of crushed solid materials by direct
heat exchange with hot gases of high velocity.
Granular carbonaceous material is continuously
fed into the heat transfer chamber where it
is jetted with upward directed gases which
have a temperature of 2,000 to 3,000 F. This
causes virtually instantaneous heat transfer
to the solids. The space velocity of the
gases which is between five and fifteen feet
per second puts the solids in a state of
60
-------
ebullient motion or fluidized state. The
entrained treated solids flow to separators
where they are separated from the hot gases.
bottom. A swirl-Imparting means is located
between these two entries. It has surfaces
arranged to impart a centrifugal movement to
the entering gases. A vertical baffle is
located above the swirl-imparting means to
retard centrifugal force. The particles are
dried and settle into a dust separator.
US-0109
Hauk, H., R. Streeck, H. Bayer, and L. Belik
(Farbwerk Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft vormals
Meister Lucius and Bruning) , Method of and
apparatus for drying solid particles. U.S.
2,974,419; filed Mar. 19, 1957; issued Mar. 14,
1961.

Drying solid particles is accomplished by
bringing into contact gases and/or vapors with
a layer consisting of solid particles. The
US -0108
Morrison, R. L. (Silver Engineering Works, Inc.),
Method and apparatus for drying treatment of
solids in the fluidized or gas entrained state.
U.S. 2,770,052; filed July 29, 1952; issued
Nov. 13, 1956.

A process is provided for the removal of
surface or inherent moisture from materials
in finely divided condition. Heated gases
are introduced into the lower end of an
upright drying column. Subdivided material
is introduced into the column above the
gases and/or vapors are introduced into the
lower part of the layer composed of solid
51
-------
Drying Systems
particles in a periodically interrupted
stream. The flow of the stream between two
successive interruptions is sufficient to
swell up the layer of particles to the point
of fluidization. The interruptions between
two successive flows is sufficient to deflate
the layer to the original height. Drying is
accomplished by this procedure.
US-0110
Mark, A. Pneumatic driers. U.S. 3,078,588;
filed Feb. 16, 1959; issued Feb. 26, 1963.

With this drying method the divided matter to
be dried is suspended in and conveyed by a
drying gas stream. This stream passes upward
through a recycling chamber in such a manner
as to cause the formation of recycling gas
whirls. These whirls comprise an ascending
axial path and descending peripheral paths
which carry with them some of the particles
of suspended material. The gas which leaves
the upper portion of the chamber carries along
the dried particles toward a separator.
US-0111
Wasp, E. J. (Consolidation Coal Company),
Two-stage flash drying system. U.S. 3,122,425;
filed July 13, 1960; issued Feb. 25, 1964.
A drying system controls the final moisture
content of particulate material to be dried,
and can be used for drying many different
types of particulate matter, with gas as the
drying medium. Heated g.ases generated within
a furnace are conducted to two flash driers
by heated gas conduits. Moist particulate
matter is introduced into the first flash drier
by a conveyor. The heated gases and matter
are intimately mixed, and pass into the
drying column. From the drying column, the
mixture passes through a cyclone separator
which separates solids from gases. The dried
matter passes through an outlet and the gases
are recycled for repeated use. The procedure
is repeated for the second flash drier,
except the exit gases pass through an
electrostatic precipitator, The dried
particulate matter from both flash driers are
blended together and are ready to be used.
US-0112
Coins, R. R. (Phillips Petroleum Company),
Process and apparatus for drying wet particulate
solids. U.S. 3,309,780; filed Jan. 10, 1966;
issued Mar. 21, 1967.

This invention provides a process and an
apparatus for drying particulate solids which
TO BAG fILTEfl
COMBUSTION GAS
effects a minimum of attrition and production
of fines in the solids. The hot off-gas
62
-------
from a carbon blacV or other type reactor is
utilized as the drying gas. Solutions to be
dried are either introduced directly into
the off-gas line and transported into a
fluidized bed drying zone in the line, or off-gas
is taken directly from the off-gas line and
passed through a fluidized bed drier. The
off-gas serves as a fluidizing and drying
gas, with effluent gas from the drier being
passed back into the off-gas line. The fines
from the drier pass with the off-gas to a
filter of some form.
A combination dump cargo body is adapted for
use upon long wheelbase trucks. An object of
this device is to prevent overloading of the
US 0113
Crawford, J. R. , and R. Hooker (Crawford and
Russell, Inc.), Apparatus for drying
particulate matter. U.S. 3,313,035; filed
Mar. 14, 1966; issued Apr. 11, 1967.

This invention provides a method and apparatus
for the drying of particulate materials
which may be moved by flowing fluids. The
material is moved by a stream of air or gas
through one or more heated tubes of relatively
small diameter in proportion to its length.
This is followed by further gas-agitation in
one or more heated holding tanks or residence
chambers. The velocity of the moving air stream
should be high enough to create a great
amount of turbulence in the particulate
material being moved through the drying tube.
Such turbulence causes the particulate matter
to impinge upon the heated walls rapidly and
frequently enough to cause heat transfer.
This transfer is from the drying tube directly
to the particles as well as to the air or gas
moving through the tube.
DUMPING AND LOADING

Dumping Mechanisms

US-0114
Biszantz, F. (The Gallon Metallic Vault
Company), Dump body. U.S. 2,402,362;
filed May 6, 1944; issued June 18, 1946.
truck. The center of gravity is in a relatively
low position which is sufficiently stable to
prevent swaying, tipping, etc. The body
itself consists of two parts. The first
of these is a movable dump body part
adapted to receive heavy loads such as
sand and gravel. The other part is a stationary
stake-type body. Here the truck frame
cannot be overloaded with heavy material such
as sand and gravel, because they will not be
retained satisfactorily. A tiltable partition is
provided between the two parts of the body that
can be lowered, to permit the use of the
entire floor of both parts of the body
simultaneously for carrying long articles.
US-0115
Neville, D. 0., and A. L. Plautz. Manure
loader. U.S. 2,402,908; filed May 10,
1945; issued June 25, 1946.

This manure loader is equipped with a carriage
attached to a bucket in such a way that the
bucket remains level with the ground at any
height. Two longitudinal supporting arms
53
-------
Dumping and Loading

are connected to the tractor frame at their
rear ends. A cantilever mechanism comprises
the vertically-disposed arms, which are
rigidly secured to opposite ends of the
bucket. This mechanism allows the
bucket to remain level with the ground at
any height. The bucket is tripped by
exerting a pull on a cord or cable which
causes the bucket to swing forward and
dump its contents. The loader is operated
by means of two hydraulic cylinders attached
to opposite side of a tractor. They are
operated by a hydraulic pump on the tractor.
This loader can be used not only for manure,
but works well with dirt and other materials.
to transport the receptacle from place to
place, and the other who arranges the cables
on the receptacle just prior to dumping.
US-0117
Klingebiel, A. T. Dumping body.
U.S. 2,529,558; filed Jan. 19, 1948;
issued Nov. 14, 1950.

A dumping body carries materials and is
automatic in its dumping action. No
hoisting means is employed in the dumping
operation; it is accomplished by the use
of gravity. A body member is provided which
US-0116
Johnson, S. W. (S. W. Johnson, and L. M.
Gilbert), Dump receptacle. U.S. 2,421,701;
filed June 23, 1945; issued June 3, 1947.

A dump receptacle or box is provided with
a set of cables which raise and lower it
r

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and cooperate to dump the receptacle for
discharging material. Two operators handle
this receptacle, one who operates a crane
can cause and cease longitudinal movement
of the body. When the body is filled with
material, each end of the end gate member
is disengaged from its respective latch
bar. The dumping body rolls backward
on rollers on a track until it reaches a
stop block. Due to the contained load and the
force of the load travelling, the dumping
body tilts downward. After the load has
been dumped, the rear end of the body is
raised manually and pushed forward to its
original position. The end gate is then
swung closed and locked shut. The body
may be entirely removed from the fixed body
by lifting the rear end of the dumping body
54
-------
to permit the stop block to clear the stop
angle. After this, the removal may take
place by backward longitudinal movement.
US 0118
Oliver, P. M. (P. M. Oliver, P, E. Oliver,
and W. 0. Matthews), Dump body for trucks.
U.S. 2,542,425; filed Aug. 17, 1948;
issued Feb. 20, 1951.

This truck handles and/or lifts various types
of detachable beds including a conventional
dump truck bed to simplify material
handling. The truck bed provided is
self-loading; the truck can pick up and
orient the desired truck bed into operable
position. The dump bed handling mechanism
moves out beyond the rear wheels and chassis
of the truck to lift from the ground a
bed and move it forward to rest it in an
upright position on the truck chassis. The
mechanism can be oriented to carry a
conventional dump bed and can pivot about
an axis near the rear of the truck chassis
to raise the bed from a horizontal position
to a vertical diimping position. The truck
possesses independently-operated drive
means for the horizontal and pivotal
motions of the bed-handling mechanism, and
for the vertical lift elevator of the
bed-handling mechanism.
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US 0119
Fontaine, R. A. Shiftable dump body for
trucks. U.S. 2,552,627; filed April 9,
1947; issued May 15, 1951.

This shiftable dump body for trucks is
mounted for both horizontal movement and
dumping movement. It has the means to shift
the body and turn it to an angle of 90
to discharge the contents and return it to its
original position. The operating mechanism
includes a doub]e-acting telescoping screw
jack, effective to move the body from
one extreme position to the other and to
restrain the body against shocks during
such movement. The jack is operable from the
power take off of a truck and possesses means
for disengaging the power take off at
predetermined limits. Rigid control of
the entire shifting and dumping movement
55
-------
Dumping and Loading
of the body is accomplished by providing
a longitudinally shiftable hinge
connection between the rear portion of the
dump body and the truck frame and by the
lo.
screw jack mentioned earlier. The jack
is pivotally connected to the forward
portion of the dump body and the truck
frame. By means of the jack, the body
may be moved horizontally from its hauling,
or starting, position until the center of
gravity of the body passes beyond its line of
support. The body then begins to turn
about the end of the support, but is
restrained from abrupt movement by action
of the screw jack. Included in the hinge and
pivotal connections are means to retain
the body against side movement with respect
to the truck frame.
ZO
US-0120
Henke, H. Dumping apparatus for vehicles.
U.S. 2,553,454; filed June 28, 1946;
issued May 15, 1951 .
This dumping device is applicable as a
unit beneath the body of a vehicle for
converting the vehicle into a dump vehicle.
The apparatus provides a frame on which there
is a lifting mechanism. When a wagon is
converted into a dump wagon, the frame and
associated mechanism are adapted to be mounted
as a unit on the cross ties of the running
gear of the wagon. A self-contained
hydraulic dumping apparatus is mountable
between the body and running gear of the
vehicle. This hydraulic body dumping unit
for vehicles is light in weight, inexpensive,
and easily operable.
56
-------
US 0121
Margala, C. E. Dump body tilting mechanism.
U.S. 2,593,776; filed Mar. 21, 1950;
issued Apr. 22, 1952.
A lifting mechanism is employed for tilting a
pivoted dump body of a truck. The motive power
unit for this mechanism is pivoted near
the pivot point of the dump body. A lever
and a power unit for pulling the lever are
utilized in the lifting mechanism. A
hydraulic actuated lifting apparatus is
provided so that the lever is actuated
by this hydraulic device and is pulled into
vertical or near-vertical position to
impart lifting motion to the dump body.
US-0122
Mclntyre, B. D., and W. D. Mclntyre
(Monroe Auto Equipment Company), Dumping
box and supporting structure therefor with
means for receiving contents of said box.
U.S. 2,596,908; filed Feb. 27, 1948;
issued May 13, 1952.
1_
JS
v^
In a combination dumping box and supporting
structure, the dumping box is provided
with an improved latching mechanism for
the box bottom to keep it closed; a crane
or lift truck can lift the device easily
•s*
for transport to another position. A
supporting stand is adapted for both side
and front delivery, on which a dumping
box may be mounted adjacent to a machine
or assembly-line to provide easy access to
material within the box.
US 0123
McCombs, M. W. Dumping apparatus for
truck bodies and trailers. U.S. 2,630,928;
filed August 7, 1950; issued March 10,
1953.
This improved end gate for trucks and
trailers is adapted to be moved
longitudinally from the forward to the
rear end of a vehicle to force the contents
out through the rear end. A movable gate
57
-------
Dumping and Loading
mechanism comprising a reinforced
substantially rectangular framework, having
upper and lower side members which extend
toward the front and the rear, is responsible
for this accomplishment. Each of the side
frame members supports a plurality of rollers
mounted on a vertical axis and also two or
more rollers mounted on a horizontal axis which
together insure that the end gate
mechanism may be easily moved along the
vehicle and that the gate will not be
placed under undue tortional strain causing
it to change position. A transverse shaft
moves the tailgate longitudinally. This
shaft is controlled by means of drums and
pulleys.
US-0124
Dahlman, E. D. Material handling and
unloading device for vehicles. U.S.
2,668,629; filed Jan. 2, 1951; issued
Feb. 9, 1954.
>**
58
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This carrying and unloading device is adapted to
be mounted upon the wheeled frame of a
vehicle. The device comprises a box
mounted on a vehicle into which the material
is loaded. The box has a bottom formed
of a series of transversely extending
planks. An endless conveyor is mounted
longitudinally on the box beneath and
adjacent to the planks. This conveyor
discharges the material from the box through
an opening in the front. The planks are
individually removable endwise so that they can
be successively removed from the discharge end
of the box as the material is discharged.
US-0125
Zimmer, A. E. (Enterprise Railway
Equipment Company), Dump door mechanism.
U.S. 2,684,643; filed Jan. 19, 1950;
issued July 27, 1954.

This dump door mechanism has a bodily
movable shaft. It can be adapted to be
rotated from a position beyond the free
edge of the door to a supporting position
beneath the door. A novel terminal link
connection is provided for each flexible
connection which is adjustable in length
to compensate for twisting of the shaft which
normally occurs in operation.
US-0126
Fewster, J. (Fewsters (Stocksfield) Limited),
Tipping carrier for attachment to a tractor
or similar vehicle. U.S. 2,898,148;
filed July 16, 1954; issued Aug. 4, 1959.

This invention provides a tipping carrier which
can be readily attached to and detached
from a tractor or similar vehicle. It
includes a pair of pivoted draft links at
the rear adapted to be raised and lowered
by a hydraulic power unit and a coupling
pin located above the draft links. The
coupling pin and the rear ends of the draft
links form a three-point attachment for
implements. The frame of the tipping
carrier supports a receptacle which has a
rolling action about a ttansverse axis and
is capable of tilting backward to discharge
its contents. Due to attachment of pins
tr
59
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Dumping and Loading
to the draft links of the tractor, the carrier
can be moved from a detached position at
rest on the ground to a transportable position
where it is wholly supported by the tractor.
Normally the tipping receptacle is retained in a
horizontal position by catches which can be
released at will and springs which are provided
to assist in returning the receptacle to its
horizontal position.
US-0127
Talbert, A. G. (Talbert Construction
Equipment Company), Spring locking
mechanism for dump vehicles. U.S.
2,997,342; filed May 13, 1958; issued
Aug. 22, 1961.

nnnnn
This invention provides a mechanism which
substantially lessens the tendency of dump
vehicles to overturn when the body is raised
during a dumping operation. The mechanism
locks out the spring mounting of the frame on
the wheel-and-axle assembly during tilting
of the body. This shifts the fulcrums for
lateral tilting of the body from the sides
of the relatively narrow frame outward to the
outer edges of the more widely spaced dual
wheels. This provides a more stable support for
the body when it is tilted in a rear
direction because it results in a somewhat wider
supporting base for the: raised body.
US-0128
MacKinney, H. B., F. H. Tack, and K. R.
Tack (John Tack and Sons), Dump truck
with a perpendicularly tiltable dump
body. U.S. 2,997,343; filed Feb. 24, 1956;
issued Aug. 22, 1961.

A device supports and tilts a dump body about a
vehicle chassis through an angle of
substantially 90 degrees to facilitate loading
and unloading of the vehicle body. A novel
feature of this device is the provision of
a power-actuated body tilting mechanism
which may be interchangeably mounted upon
a standard motor vehicle chassis. On the
tilting body, there is a sub-support
compensating for inequalities in the ground
surface at the bearing of the vehicle wheels at
the point of discharge of the load within the
body. The tilting and righting of the body
is affected by reciprocal movement of a trolley
by means of cables fastened about sheaves.
There are two cables operating, designated
as the crowd lead cable and the hoist lead
cable. The former controls movement of the
body from horizontal to dump position and
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the latter controls return of the body.
One member, pivotally mounted upon the body
A
trunnion members, acts in combination with yokes
to allow free operation of the dump body.
•••it
US-0129
Wood, L. S. Hydraulic stabilizers for
tilting truck or trailer dump units.
U.S. 2,999,721; filed May 5, 1958; issued
Sept. 12, 1961.
An aim of this invention is to incorporate
in a dump truck or dump trailer, equipped
with a conventionally pivoted dump body,
a means for locking the chassis in an angular
position. It assumes such a position in

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Dumping and Loading
respect to the angle of the rear axle at
initial pivoting of the dump body. This
device also lessens the likelihood of
excessive lateral tilting or listing of
the rear portion of the dump truck or
dump trailer during dumping. This is
the accomplished by hydraulicallyoperated
interlock means at the tear axle and the
chassis, which engage automatically,
responsive to the actuation of hydraulic
pistons conventionally employed to tilt
a pivoted dump body.
/£-/ J7-
US-0130
Walstrom, S. R., and V. V. Nash (Baffin
Corporation), Portable dump apparatus.
U.S. 3,083,058; filed May 21, 1958;
issued Mar. 26, 1963.

Dump boxes of the mobile variety are movable
between a relatively low material-receiving
position and a relatively high dumping
position. This portable dump box includes
a unique mobile mounting means and
elevating mechanism in which an open-topped
box element is moved from a material-
receiving position at a low elevation to a
laterally-displaced dumping position at a
relatively high elevation. The lateral
displacement permits the mobile mounting
means to be laterally spaced a substantial
distance from the delivery point of
material discharged from the box element.
The dump box is adapted to be coupled to
a pulling vehicle such as a conventional
harvesting machine. A navel feature of
45
x"
S9
44
62
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the dump box is its ability to move between
a material-receiving position underlying the
discharge end of a conveyor means, and a
delivery position spaced from the receiving
position. In this way, the dump box will
clear the conveyor means when the dump
box is raised to its dumping position. In
operation, a base member, carriage, and
dump box element are raised to the upper
limit of movement of the carriage. The
dump box then tilts about its axis of tilting
movement to a dumping position at a level
about the upper end of the guide means and
carriage. The invention possesses a
mechanism for locking the carriage in its
raised position and releasing it toward its
material-receiving position.
US 0131
Biszantz, F. (Hercules Gallon Products,
Inc.), Automatic tilting dump truck
stabilizer. U.S. 3,083,059; filed Nov.
13, 1958; issued Mar. 26, 1963.

Dump trucks of the tiltable body type are
fitted with tandem rear axles. These
axles are located one in advance of the
other for easier hauling and dumping of
extremely heavy loads. Providing a means to
shift the center of support of a loaded
tandem axle truck body to the rear with
respect to the tandem axles, and to
stabilize the body with relation to the
supporting wheels and the ground, is the
aim of this device. This is accomplished
by an automatic means for stabilizing the
truck frame and preventing or lessening the
liability of overturning while dumping a
load. The stabilizing mechanism is located
at each side of the truck frame. Each of
these mechanisms includes a member having a
wedge element that is automatically inserted
between the rear axle housing and a
coacting part of the vehicle frame. This
contributes a rigid support during a
load-dumping movement. The mechanism is
withdrawn from its supporting position to
permit relative vertical movements of
the frame and axle when the dumping operation
has been completed.
US 0132
Anderson, D. A. (American Motors
Corporation), Dump hopper. U.S. 3,225,947;
filed Nov. 29, 1963; issued Dec. 28, 1965.
A hopper has a container-carrying dumping saddle
which is self-actuated by the weight of a
load within the container and is provided with
novel latching means for loading and unloading.
After unloading, the hopper automatically returns
to its loading position. The saddle and
container assembly are rotatable in excess
of 120 degrees to effect complete
unloading.
US 0133
Weber, J. (Metallgesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft), Apparatus for dumping
dust and/or granular materials from
collecting hoppers. U.S. 3,268,124;
filed Mar. 31, 1965; issued Aug. 23, 1966.

This device for dumping dust from collecting
hoppers envisions a trap door closure which
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Dumping and Loading
assures a tight seal. The hoppers used
collect dust from a separating apparatus
means on the hopper must therefore protect
against loss of temperature and the
entrance of outside air into the hopper and
filter.
which operates at less than atmospheric
pressure and/or a high temperature (i.e.,
an electrostatic gas filter). The closure
US-0134
Goodman, J. P. Load discharging device.
U.S. 3,320,000; filed June 14, 1965;
issued May 16, 1967.

This load-discharging device is adapted
to transport and discharge dry flowable
material at an elevated level, in addition
to liquids. The container comprises an
elongated tank mounted on a wheeled
carriage, divided into two compartments
separated by a partition. A manhole
with a hinged cover is located above
each compartment and either one or both
compartments are filled with flowable
material through the manhole covers. The
vehicle is towed to the desired location
and positioned adjacent to a spreader
vehicle. One end of tie tank is
disconnected from the frame by means of a
lever and the wheel assemblies are drawn
toward each other by a winch. This causes the
support members to buckle up and elevate
61
64
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the unlatched end of the tank, which in turn
discharges its contents through a duct
diagonally connected from the bottom of the
compartment to the top of the other
compartment. The tank is lowered, the
other end released, and the process
repeated. Selective unloading of each
compartment is thus accomplished.
.33
-33
US-0135
Rapp, L. J. (Tek-0-Motive, Inc.)
Vehicle box unloader. U.S. 3,343,876;
filed Aug. 27, 1965; issued Sept. 26, 1967.

This vehicle box-unloading assembly insures
complete removal of materials from the box
during unloading, and requires no manual
unloading assistance, thus enabling the
vehicle operator to remain at the vehicle
controls. It frees materials which may
stick to the box surface or in corners. This
is accomplished by means of a vibrating
device mounted within the cavity of the
closed housing of the truck. The device
works in conjunction with an unbalanced
weight secured to a shaft rotatably
supported in the housing. It is this
weight which develops radial inertia forces
which sets the vibrating device into
operation.
Loading Mechanisms
US-0136
Shoemaker, R. C. (Willamette Hyster
Company), Vehicle loader. U.S. 2,388,015;
filed Feb. 4, 1944; issued Oct. 30, 1945.

A loader is arranged to operate at the rear end
of a truck to pick up a load behind the
truck and transfer it to the body of the
truck. This may be accomplished in
numerous positions behind the truck located
in the transverse direction of the vehicle.
Two buckets are mounted for transverse
movement along the framework of the body.
The buckets are provided with two pairs
of rollers arranged to roll along the two
lowermost tubular members. The rear ends of the
buckets are open so that loads may be
collected within them by movement of the truck
in a rear direction. A pair of drums are
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Dumping and Loading
associated with the rear wheels of the
vehicle and are arranged to remain stationary
when the truck is in reverse and when the
with the dump-body to raise itself when the
front of the dump-body is elevated. Located
between the frame members is a bucket
buckets are on the ground. A cable is
connected to both drums, and freely to the
boom to which the buckets are joined. This
cable may elevate or lower the boom just
as the cable connected to both drums and to
the buckets is adapted to draw the buckets
together.
US-0137
Hunter, H. G. Loading and dumping device.
U.S. 2,401,159; filed Feb. 8, 1945;
issued May 28, 1946.

A device for the removal of snow, gravel,
and other materials, provides a simple
attachment to a motor truck or similar
vehicle which has a dump body. The device
is pivoted on the chassis of the vehicle.
The frame-device is turned in unison
which is open at its front and has
upstanding rear and side walls. This
bucket, open at the front end, may be
released from the frame-device. It is
turnable relative to the frame-members
only in the direction in which the free
end is lowered. In this manner, the substance
being collected can be attached at or above
its bottom. To dump the material from the
bucket, the holding latches are released.
US-0138
Markel, J. M. (J. I. Csse Company),
Manure loader. U.S. 2,402,064; filed
Feb. 6, 1945; issued Jure 11, 1946.
66
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This manure loader has means for maintaining
the loading fork in a load-retaining position.
A fork-supporting boom is pivotally mounted on
a farm tractor. A windlass or winch
transmission raises and lowers the boom by
power supplied from the tractor power
take-off. In loading, the boom is brought
into position for insertion into the pile
of material and the tractor driven forward.
When the fork has been inserted into the
pile the desired distance, a clutch lever
is operated to raise the boom to the desired
height. The tractor is then driven to a
location for unloading. A foot pedal is
depressed to release latch members and
allow the fork to move downward by gravity,
causing the load to fall into the desired
container.
US-0139
Sedore, E. C. Manure loader. U.S. 2,427,575;
filed July 13, 1945; issued Sept. 16, 1947.

manure on the fork away from the pile. The
operator elevates the fork by engaging the
hydraulic lilting mechanism. To dump the
load, the operator pulls a latch to let the
fork swing downward on its fulcrum dumping
the material in the desired location.
US-0140
Moudy, R. T. (R. T. Moudy, and McEngleyan
Heat Treating and Manufacturing Company),
Material loader. U.S. 2,429,890; filed
July 9, 1945; issued Oct. 28, 1947.
This material loader may be attached to
farm tractors for moving materials such
as manure. A frame is pivotally attached
beneath the rear axle of a tractor. A
bucket is attached at the forward end
of the frame, being forward and above the
center of gravity of the bucket. In
loading, the front of the frame is lowered
by releasing a brake and permitting the
bucket to drop to the ground. The bucket
is held 1 to 4 in. above the ground and the
tractor driven forward. When the bucket
has been thrust forward as far as possible,
a clutch is engaged and a winding cable
raises the bucket. When the bucket is raised
to the desired height, the tractor is
driven to a location for unloading. The
operator pulls a trip rope which releases
the trip, and the weight of the material in
the bucket causes it to tilt forward and
empty itself.
This manure loader is adapted to be mounted
on the rear of a farm tractor. The fork-type
loader is mounted by means of long support
arms to the tractor's hydraulic mechanism for
raising and lowering plows. In operation, the
fork prongs are driven into the manure
pile by the reverse movement of the tractor.
The implement is pulled away from the pile and
the resistance presented by the manure causes
the fork to automatically swing to the rear
and up. This tilting action pulls the
US-0141
Westall, T. E. (Marion Machine Company),
Overhead loader for vehicles. U.S.
2,560,674; filed Dec. 19, 1947; issued
July 17, 1951.

A mounting pivotally supports the booms
of an overhead loader. The mounting is
pivotally secured to the r«ar axle of a
tractor and projects forward between the
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Dumping and Loading
mid-portion of the tractor and an
intermediate portion to which the booms are
pivotally connected. No shock is incurred
t**
uu

'us°-, C^"- *
during the lifting operation because of
compression springs supported by a member
secured to the tractor frame. The mechanism is
adapted to do excavation work and load the
material as it excavates it.
US-0142
Nelson, N. A. (Harry Ferguson, Inc.),
Bucket attachment for tractor-mounted
forks. U.S. 2,577,977; filed July 3,
1948; issued Dec. 11, 1951.

An improved bucket attachment can be used
with a tractor fork. Specifically, it
provides for an inexpensive and simply
constructed bucket attachment which makes
use of the fork tine ends as score points
for scooping up a load, The bucket, comprised
of two side plates aad a bottom plate, is
flatly supported on the tines with flange
devices. No modification of the fork is
necessary to accommodate the bucket.
3— a/
-75
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r%/'-

70
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US-0144
Stueland, H. M. (Deere and Company) ,
Tractor-mounted loader. U.S. 2,679,943;
filed March 29, 1951; issued June 1, 1954.

This tractor-mounted loader handles manure,
dirt, gravel, and other materials. The
invention employs a novel system of
selecting effective pivots for mounting the
boom on the supporting frame. The moment
arm, therefore, is more powerful during the
initial stages of the operation than in
later stages. Specifically, this result
is achieved by the use of a support having
a pair of curved slots or equivalent guide
means. One end of the boom structure is
arranged to operate in these slots and has
a pair of pivot members for that purpose.
The slots He on arcs about their
respective pivots at the lower portion of
upswinging movement on the boom, the boom
is carried by one pivot which sits at one
end of one slot while the other pivot
travels through the other slot until it
approaches a seating relationship. After
this, the second pivot sits in its slot.
The general result is a relatively powerful
and slow initial movement, with a
subsequently less powerful, but relatively
faster movement in the upper portion of the
raising boom. The selectively effective
double pivotal mounting of the boom
structure on the frame provides a simple
arrangement in which ample power is
always available during all digging and
loading operations.
SSI.
US-0145
Narvestad, E., and E. Jensen CE. Jensen),
Loading apparatus for use on vehicles.
U.S. 2,680,529; filed Aug. 31, 1951;
issued June 8, 1954.

This loading apparatus is used on trucks and
similar transport vehicles in which the
load receiving means to be raised up to
the required level with the body and
lowered to the ground affords conveniently
located load-receiving parts. These parts
are employed for pushing or rolling loads
and for insuring safe retention of the load
during raising and lowering operations. The
apparatus is especially suitable for loads
such as oil drums. An improved form of
remote control-operated frame articulated
to the vehicle body is employed. It is
i6b
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Dumping and Loading
located beneath the load-receiving part of
the body and carries a load-receiving
support, movable by upward and downward
swinging of the frame relative to the
vehicle body. The apparatus is collapsible
beneath the vehicle body when out of use.
When extended for utilization, it is
maintained by a driver and operates to
automatically introduce a safety stop
to prevent goods from rolling from the
vehicle.
US-0146
Walter, M. Load lifting and carrying
device for motor vehicles. U.S. 2,687,223;
filed April 18, 1950; issued Aug. 24,
1954.
carrying. The parts are so related that
the crane may be displaced to reach over
the rear of the truck and then lift and
advance the load to a position ahead of
the rear axle in proper position for
hauling. The crane structure lifts the
load from the ground and by continued
movement of the structure, displaces the
load to a hauling position on the vehicle.
By imparting a lifting force to the rear
end of the truck, the crane structure
can also be utilized to assist the vehicle
on soft ground conditions. The extent of
the forward and backward movement of the
crane, hook, or end may be considered
closely to approach double the attainable
height of the lift. When the load is
shifted forward, the weight of the load
is hung or carried on the vehicle ahead
of the rear axle so that the load weight
may be divided between the front and rear
tires. This permits tiavelling at
relatively high rates of speed over rough
and uneven ground. Double-acting hydraulic
rams are employed to pivot the crane frame.
McNeice, J. C. (Massey-Harris-Ferguson
(Sales) Limited) , Front, end loader
attachment. U.S. 2,77S>,491; filed Oct. 12,
1953; issued Jan. 29, 1957.

A front end loader of this type is
hydraulically activated from a tractor's
hydraulic pressure system to elevate a scoop,
A simple power crane structure is adapted
for use on a truck for load-lifting and
bucket, or other material handling device.
This invention employs a pair of booms or
supports to lift the bucket powered by a
single hydraulic ram, instead of
individual rams for each boom. The ram
has a relatively short working stroke for
considerable elevating power. Booms are
powered to rack and elevate the bucket
device after loading material into it.
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US-0118
Haines, D. R., and W. H. Bent (Massey-
Harris-Ferguson (Sales) Limited), Load
lifting implement for attachment to
tractors. U.S. 2,791,340; filed May 11,
1953; issued May 7, 1957.
A load-lifting implement, such as a sweep
or buck rake, can be attached to tractor
rear ends, the rear end lifting device
may be thrust beneath a load, raised,
then tilted to discharge the load. A
latching mechanism is provided with
releasable means to hold the load-supporting
element in a carrying position. After release,
it will be automatically relatched when the
element is lowered to receive a new load.
US-0149
Gowan, W. E. Lifting clamp. U.S.
3,008,749; filed April 2, 1958; issued
Nov. 14, 1961.

A clamping device is used to grip and
lift heavy metal sheets, plates, and
IS
bars. For its size and weight, the lifting
clamp has extraordinary gripping and lifting
power. The gripping means are comprised of
coacting, toothed rollers which are
supported directly by the clamp body
instead of through links and pivot
members. Novel linkage means interconnect
the grip rollers, enabling them to be moved
in unison in and out of engagement with a
load object. The gripping members'
toothed surfaces are in meshing, rolling
contact with rack members. The clamp may
be manufactured at a reasonable cost.
US-0150
Klaviter, R. A., and R. D. Williams
(International Harvester Company),
Hydraulic self-leveling device for a
front-mounted bucket-type material
loader. U.S. 3,297,183; filed July 21, 1965;
issued Jan. 10, 1967.
This device maintains the loading
bucket of a material loader in a stable
position relative to the boom, as both
bucket and boom are raised and lowered to
and from the ground. A dual hydraulic
system is utilized to operate the
implement, including a slave cylinder
to automatically maintain the bucket
in a specific position as it is raised and
lowered.
US-0151
McAdams, P. F. (Clark Equipment Company),
Adjustable speed material handling device.
U.S. 3,308,976; filed Dec. 24, 1964;
issued Mar. 14, 1967.

Piston and cylinder-type hydraulic motors
are provided with interchangeable speed
control means for use with tractor shovels.
On conventionally-designed devices, a
double-acting piston and cylinder type motor is
used which provides greater power from
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Dumping and Loading

the carrying to loading position than vice
versa. This invention develops a
double-acting fluid motor which has a
retracting force greater than its
extending force.
US-0152
Kretz, V. C. (Nelson Equipment Company),
Vehicle with bucket. U.S. 3,348,715;
filed Mar. 28, 1966; issued Oct. 24, 1967.

A vehicle is provided with load-lifting
forks at one end which support a bucket
so that the vehicle operates as a front end
bucket loader. The scoop bucket assembly
is mounted through transversely aligned
pivoted stirrups on the underside of a
floor plate in the bucket assembly. The
bucket assembly includes a bucket
pivotable to an upright position for
dumping purposes by actuating operating
rods located on the sides of the bucket
at points laterally offset from the pivot
axis for the stirrups. The device
therefore provides a novel means
including a detachable bucket for
converting a vehicle with lifting forks
into a front end bucket loader. The
vehicle is capable of lifting and transporting
articles, and of scooping up and carrying
loose material.
Vehicles
US-0153
Nilles, P. C. Dumping vehicle. U.S.
2,367,425; filed July 26, 1940; Issued
Jan. 16, 1945.

This dump truck dumps the contents of its
hopper by sidewise rocking or rolling
movement to predetermined dumping positions and
then returns back to a central loading
position. The vehicle has a chassis
constructed to accord a maximum of strength
and be capable of withstanding normal
rough treatment. It can also take the
comparatively violent stresses and
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tortional strains received during usage.
A vehicle frame includes spaced side bars,
formed lengths of inwardly-facing channel
metal, and Z-shaped bars carried in a
fixed position within their channel
portions. The horizontal portions of the
Z-shaped bars are located intermediately
of the channel portions, and the cross
bars are connected at their opposite ends
to the side bars.
US-0154
Woojdridge, M. (American Xractor Equipment
Corporation), Vehicle mounted loader.
U.S. 2,426,544; filed July 16, 1945;
issued Aug. 26, 1947.
A loader is constructed so that the tool is
maintained in substantially the same
relative horizontal position in all positions
of lift. The loader's bucket can be readily
interchanged with a bulldozer blade, a
lift-fork, or other load-handling tool. The
lift occurs by means of a frame including
beams arranged in a parallelogram system.
This enables the tool to be maintained level
in all positions of lift. The lift frame
is movable about a pivot, all weight factors
about the pivot being counterbalanced. As
a result, the only power application required
during lift is that utilized to raise the
actual load present on the tool. Hydraulic
cylinders move the arm structures about
the pivot support.
US-0155
Coats, G. E. Dump vehicle. U.S. 2,444,808;
filed Oct. 11, 1946; issued July 6, 1948.

This dump vehicle has mechanical hoist
means to tilt a dump frame supported on a
vehicle chassis. The hoist may be collapsed
to the top level of the wagon when in
transport and is operated from the rear
power take-off of a tractor. Hoist means
include a collapsible upright frame at the
front of a wagon chassis and a winding
drum below the frame which utilizes cables
in operation. This device is especially
adaptable in corn harvesting operations,
although it is used in other areas, too.
US-0156
Snead, E. B. Dumping vehicle. U.S.
2,454,101; filed Mar. 18, 1946; issued
Nov. 16, 1948.
This dumping vehicle may carry numerous
batches of material and be arranged so
that one or more of the batches may be
discharged from the rear of the vehicle
at a time. The vehicle may be driven
along a route with one or more batches
dumped at selected points, resulting in a
saving of trips. It possesses progressively
movable transverse division members or
partitions which are mechanically propelled
lengthwise to the vehicle body. They are
controlled by fluid hand-operated means.
Faculties exist to automatically stop
the operating means after each batch is
dumped. Partitions are returned to their
loading position after the last batch of
material has been dumped.
US0157
Jones, H. W. (Dempster Brothers, Inc.),
Material transporting and dumping
equipment. U.S. 2,606,675; filed Oct. 11,
1950; issued Apr. 12, 1952.

This truck handles as a unit a number of
relatively small and/or light loads. Within
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Dumping and Loading
a large transporting and dumping container
are a number of smaller containers. Contents
of each of the small receptacles are dumped
of the bed, and supporting rails. The
rails are carried between the elongate
members and support shlf table elements.
An
operating mechanism derives power from the
power mechanism of the vehicle.
vhen the large container is moved to
dumping position. The smaller receptacles
are movable into and removable from the
container through an open front end.
Retaining means hold the receptacles in
dumping position. Though not restricted,
this truck is particularly adapted for use
with Dempster Dumpsters or other containers
of like design.
US 0159
Kling, R. W. (Athey Products Corporation),
Side dump trailer. U.S. 2,686,079; filed
Mar. 13, 1951; issued Aug. 10, 1954.
US-0158
Roesies, R. R. Cargo handling apparatus
for vehicles. U.S. 2,679,941; filed April
16, 1951; issued June 1, 1954.
This trailer includes a body hingedly
mounted on a chassis for swinging movement
to the side of the chassis to result in
dumping of the load from the body. Features
of this trailer are: the provision of
lateral balance means for both hauling and
dumping; large load-carrying capacity; and the
ability to select the side toward which dumping

,55
15
This cargo handling mechanism handles
quantities of cargo with a minimum of
manual labor. A platform construction
exists whereby cargo deposited on the
platform in the rear of the vehicle is
operated forward in the vehicle to a final
point of deposit. This is accomplished
without manual handling, The invention is
simple and inexpensive to manufacture and
is generally applicable to conventional
motor vehicles or trucks. A bed is
mounted on the frame of the truck. The
bed extends lengthwise of the truck and
overlies the rear wheels. The body has
elongate members spaced apart on the length
74
-------
occurs. The trailer body has bottom, side,
and end walls in fixed relation to one
another. The side and end walls flare out
toward the top to afford relief for material
being dumped. One of the side walls has a
wider angle of slope with reference to the
bottom than the other in order to provide
large load-carrying capacity without
spilling. A discharge slope for dumping
without the necessity of the body becoming
unstable relative to the chassis, also
results from this wall with a wider angle
of slope. The body is constructed
symmetrically relative to a lateral plane in
order to be reversible upon the chassis for
dumping to either side. A hydraulic hoist
is responsible for tilting the load-carrying
body to the side. Resilient compression
elements are utilized for checking the final
stages of movement of the body toward its
ultimate dumping position. This makes it
necessary for the hoist to exert lifting
force against the body to the end of the
dumping movement.
US-0160
Martin, T. J. Load handling and dumping
mechanism. U.S. 2,689,054; filed Feb. 11,
1953; issued Sept. 14, 1954.
This mechanism lifts, transports, and dumps
bulk material. It may be adapted for use
in connection with a conventional fork lift
truck for handling a tote box, adapted to
contain any bulk material. The novel,
swinging tote box can be employed with most
conventional fork-lift trucks. A pivotal
mounting and suspension mechanism allows
the carrying and discharging of the box or
similar receptacle. The forward edge of
the box is carried on the tines of the
fork-lift truck, and the back edge of the
box is supported by a releasable latch.
US 0161
Haughton, E. (The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and
Citizens of Liverpool, England), Load
carrying tipping vehicles. U.S. 2,845,300;
filed Sept. 21, 1954; issued July 29,
1958.
JOb3t
X-\

This load-carrying tipping vehicle has a low
platform, but does not necessitate the use
of small wheels. There is no unsatisfactory
discharge of the contents of the vehicle
upon tipping of the body. The vehicle has
a body which tilts toward the rear and
has openings in its floor in the region of
the rear wheels. Through these openings,
the wheels can project when the body is in
its normal position. Wheel arches, hinged
to the rear of the body floor, fit in and
f—XV
\~XV
close the openings when the body is tilted.
At this time, the arches are retracted in
a downward direction. This occurs due to
the crown portions of each of the wheel
arches. In normal position, the crown
75
-------
Dumping and Loading
portions incline upward and forward
relative to the floor and meet forward curved
crown portions which extend downward and
forward close to the margin of an opening
in the floor during the tipping operation.
The rear crown portion lies close to the floor
and the curved crown portion remains close
to the forward margin of its opening in the
floor. This reduces obstruction of the
wheel arch to the discharge of the contents
of the vehicle.
US-0162
Humes, C. E. Truck ass, ibly. U.S.
3,181,914; filed Mar. 5, 1963; issued
May 4, 1964.

This dump truck can be easily modified
for increasing the legal limit of the
weight of a load that can be transported
by the truck. This is done in order to
comply with the laws of certain localities

that compute the legal limit on a bridge
formula basis. At the same time, the
truck has a relatively large legal weight
carrying limit and also is practical to
dump. The dump truck comprises a dump body,
a main frame for supporting the body, and
a means for discharging contents at the
rear of the truck. It also includes a
subframe for supporting the rear load
carrying wheels of the truck, and means for
adjusting the subframe relative to the
main frame in a longitudinal or axial
direction for changing the distance from
the rear wheels to the front end of the
main frame. This sliding subframe which
supports the axles which carry the rear
wheels of the semi-trailer is responsible
for the extensible chrssis.
US 0163
Eaton, L. E. (LeTourneau-Westinghouse
Company), Dump truck. U.S. 3,290,093;
filed Oct. 13, 1964; issued Dec. 6, 1966.
Dump trucks are fitted with means for
heating the dump body. Engine exhaust
gases, entirely continuous and substantially
reducing the possibility of fouling the
engine air cleaners, are utilized for
heating. Heat loss to the atmosphere is
minimized, and a multiple of dumping
cycles can be withstood without failure.
Whenever the engine is functioning, the
hot exhaust gases are forced through the
exhaust line, flexible piping, a joint, an
elbow, and into the truck body. This
causes the heatir.6 action. The invention
has a prolonged life because no flexible
tubing (which must undergo severe bending
stress during a dump cycle) is employed.
US-0164
Barry, L. D. Transfer device. U.S.
3,297,182; filed Jan. 4, 1965; issued
Jan. 10, 1967.

This container transfer device is suited
for mounting on a vehicle for transferring
containers to and from the vehicle
horizontally. The device can automatically
engage and disengage the load and is easy
to align with the load without manually
guiding or hooking hooks. The invention
is comprised of a crane or derrick having
a telescoping and lifting jib for mounting on
a vehicle, to transfer containers to and from
the vehicle. The jib extends from within
76
-------
the vehicle area horizontally out and down
to engage the load and up and in to transfer
the load onto the vehicle. The load can be
easily aligned automatically with most
swinging and sway eliminated. A double
jib is provided for engaging opposite sides
or ends of the container for greater rigidity
in handling containers, and a carrier rides
the jibs. The double jib also straddles the
container to reduce the overall height,
and further extends to place numerous
containers on the vehicle.
US-0165
Smith, D. P. Mobile storage and dispensing
device. U.S. 3,304,122; filed May 10, 1965;
issued Feb. 14, 1967.

This mobile storage and dispensing device
is used to service distributing equipment
a.
•SO
for bulk material. Two hoppers are placed
on a flat-bed truck or another suitable
device and filled with flowable, bulk
material at a loading site. After reaching
the distributing site, locking pins are
withdrawn from one of the hoppers and the
hopper is hydraulically elevated. A
discharging chute connected to the bottom
of the hopper is swung over the desired
receiving container. A lever opens the
hopper bottom and allows the material to
descend through the chute by gravity.
After the first hopper is emptied, it is
lowered and secured. The other hopper is
elevated, and the procedure is repeated.
This device can service fertilizer spreaders,
seed planters, and other distributing
equipment which have hoppers or relatively
low capacity.
US-0166
Flowers, F. F. Laterally tiltable dump
vehicle. U.S. 3,316,019; filed Mar. 29,
1965; issued Apr. 25, 1967.
This laterally tilted dump vehicle is
adapted for use on roads and open terrain as
well as for rail transportation. The
vehicle sides are pivoted at the bottom and
can be selectively down-turned or tilted,
so that the load is discharged beside the
roadway. There exists a provision for
rigid support of the fixed ends of the
vehicle and simplified hoisting means at
each end of the vehicle capable of tilting
the vehicle body in either side direction.
Located at the opposite ends of the side
discharge dump vehicle are simple,
single-stroke hoisting cyclinders. The
operation of the hoist is improved by
providing means on the rigid ends of the
body so that the hoisting force is transmitted
uniformly through the ends of the body to
support side sills. The vehicle can be
constructed of stock material of relatively
light weight due to the type of
reinforcement.
US-0167
Williams, M. A., and J. D. Williams.
Material handling truck. U.S. 3,326,395;
filed Aug. 6, 1965; issued June 20, 1967.

This truck is a self-loading vehicle employed
to remove manure from a chicken house where
cages are suspended overhead. The
material-handling vehicle has a low-slung
load box of large capacity, making it
possible to pick up a full load from the
floor. An adjustable pick-up blade and
gates are incorporated into the load box
structure, which cooperate to form a
77
-------
Dumping and Loading
material-collecting scoop, allowing the
vehicle to be driven right into the
material to be picked up. A single
operator maneuvers the truck.
US-0168
Vinyard, H. 0. Refuse gathering machine.
U.S. 3,348,652; filed Apr. 22, 1966;
issued Oct. 24, 1967.

A mobile machine is constructed for picking
up refuse, such as manure, regardless of
moisture content, from the ground or other
surfaces, and depositing the gathered material
into a receiver. The machine is mounted
on a receiver vehicle pulled by a tractor.
It is powered by the power take-off shaft
of the tractor. The tractor's
hydraulically-operated drawbar is utilized
to lower the machine to ground level and to
elevate the machine to a non-pickup level.
This machine is mechanically reliable,
simple and inexpensive in construction,
composed of a relatively small number of easily
assembled parts, and requires the attention
and services of but one man for a complete
refuse-gathering operation. The machine
itself comprises an open bottom horizontal
housing which leads to a central portion
of the interior by means of a directed
inclined chute. The upper and lower walls
of the chute penetrate within the housing
in curved lower portions, while the sidewalls
of the chute terminate at the housing without
entrance. Conveyor screw portions serve to
move refuse at appropriate times toward the
center of a conveyor shaft extending the length
of the housing. A thrower rotor then tosses
material up through the chute to a receiver.
US-0169
Buck, W. L. Chaff trailer. U.S. 3,351,384;
filed Aug. 9, 1965; issued Nov. 7, 1967.

This agricultural implement receives chaff
from another device and deposits the chaff
in piles on the ground. Chaff from combines
and the like may have value as a food product
so it may be desirable to transport it to
a storage facility. The chaff trailer here
has a wheeled box wherein the floor is
tillable toward the re.ir for discharge
purposes. This floor is so connected
to the rear end gate that after discharge, the
gate will be of greater weight than the
floor and will return to the closed
position to raise the floor to a level
position.
US-0170
Zink, E. F. (Joy Manufacturing Company),
Self-loading vehicle. U.S. 3,353,693;
filed Nov. 17, 1966; issued Nov. 21, 1967.

A mobile self-loading vehicle of the forward-
crowding loading type possesses a vertically
swinging load support which includes a
front-loading shovel that discharges into
a material-receiving body that is carried
by a vehicle and has a bottom door that
78
-------
opens to dump. This vehicle comprises a
material-receiving body and a shovel
pivotably mounted to the body for loading.
It possesses a closure for a dump opening
through the bottom of the body which
incorporates a first plate member slidably
supported adjacent the opening and a second
plate member adjacent the rear end of the
first plate member. This second member
is supported to move in a generally bow-like
path to move the first plate member to open
the dump opening at an appropriate time.
US-0171
Dorey, G. B. (Continental Transport
Appliances Limited), Selective pneumatic
and gravity unloading hopper car.
U.S. 3,373,884; filed Feb. 17, 1966;
issued Mar. 19, 1968.

In this selective pneumatic and gravity
unloading hopper car, the inverted
truncate-shaped hopper is mounted on wheels
traveling on rails and has a discharge
opening which is closed by a sliding gate.
In operation, the loaded car is transported
to an unloading site. The sliding gate is
opened and the material falls into a chute
receptacle. The material then flows toward
the opening and extends in the chute forming
a heap extending throughout the length of the
opening with the exit end of the chute
connected with a source of reduced pressure
and the establishment of a state of vacuum
in the chute, a stream of air from the far
inlet of the chute passes over the heap and
draws it through the chute. The operator
stops the operation by closing the air inlet
valve. The car is left in a clean condition
ready for reloading.
EXCAVATING
US-0172
Robin, P. T. Automatic grab bucket. U.S.
2,377,184; filed Aug. 25, 1944; issued May 29,
1945.
A grab bucket operated by means of opening
and closing cables suspended from a crane, has
the ability to penetrate, gather, and discharge
more material in a given amount of time than
currently possible with buckets of comparable
size and weight. A low power ratio is used
during the first half of the stroke, with a
high power ratio to complete the stroke, since
greater resistance occurs then. Such an
79
-------
Excavating
operation would cut the time required to
perform each stroke, thereby effecting a greater
collection of material in time allotted.
Another advantage lies in the use of a
21
rigid, one-piece head frame, with pivotal
connections on the bucket bowls permanently
fixed at a set distance from each other.
Thus the closing elements are able to overcome
resistance of the material between the jaws
with minimal effort during the last half of
the stroke. In this type of one-piece
construction, maintenance is reasonably
trouble-free.
US-0173
Maxwell, W. A. Combination bulldozer and
shovel. U.S. 2,387,764; filed Sept. 15, 1944;
issued Oct. 30, 1945.

A shovel assembly is mounted upon a bulldozer
in order to combine the two lifting and
earth-moving functions. The shovel assembly
is mounted upon the turntable assembly of the
bulldozer. A boom is supported on the
turntable to which a shovel arm is pivotally
supported, operated by both motor and level
means in its lifting operations.
US-0174
Porch, E. A. Bulldozer. U.S. 2,417,520;
filed Nov. 3, 1945; issued Mar. 18, 1947.

An attachment to convert tractors into
earth-moving machines, such as bulldozers or
graders, is provided. This implement can be
attached without altering the tractor body in
any way; it is rugged in construction, and
simple in design.
US-0175
Ruddock, W. (H. V. Griffitts, L. E. Edwards,
and P. Weilein), Material handling bucket.
U.S. 2,442,571; filed May 4, 1945; issued
June 1, 1948.

In a clamshell bucket, a pair of pivotally
connected halves are adapted to be swung
together or closed to pick up and carry a
80
-------
load. The bucket may be swung apart or
opened to discharge its load. Since considerable
force must be exerted to close the bucket,
this invention embodies a novel force
•43
multiplying means for increasing the closing
force. It is also an objective to provide a
clamshell bucket which does not require the
usual bale structure. The apparatus may be
operated in a space with reduced height or
head room.
US-0176
Leschinsky, F. P. (F. P. Leschinsky, and Ear]
S. Waldie), Bulldozer-loader device. U.S.
2,451,101; filed Nov. 22, 1946; issued Oct. 12,
1948.

A combination bulldozer and dirt loader is
constructed to prevent tilting of the tractor,
and is built to handle heavy loads. The
leverage exerted by the weight of a dirt
loader usually tilts the tractor and may
upset it, thus small loads can only be
handled. A sub-frame is provided which
extends in front of the tractor to carry and
aff
operate the bulldozer loader. The sub-frame
is supported at the rear on the tractor, at
the front on a stabilizing support ahead of
the tractor frame. Weight of the
bulldozer-loader is carried on the sub-frame.
A novel bucket is also provided for dozing,
scraping, and lifting greater quantities of
dirt then conventional loaders.
US-0177
McCauley, H. E. Combination bulldozer and
ripper. U.S. 2,475,710; filed Mar. 20, 1947;
issued July 12, 1949.
A bulldozer has ripper teeth associated with
the blade. Ripping spikes are secured to the
81
-------
Excavating
blade and diagonal supporting member. Ripping
action is obtained upon the backward or forward
movement of the bulldozer. The spikes can
be adjusted for a deep or shallow cut.
US-0178
Peterson, R. A. Bulldozer. U.S. 2,485,407;
filed Apr. 8, 1947; issued Oct. 18, 1949.
A bulldozer can operate at full efficiency
while performing all primary functions of
both the straight and angle type of bulldozer,
In addition to new functions. The machine has
increased carrying capacity so that material
scraped into the bowl can be more efficiently
transported for dumping. Also this bulldozer
is able to dig from either edge or can scrape
or level without necessitating a change in
blades. The single blade can be tipped back
and forward, tilted froir side to side and
raised or lowered at its corners. The power
source is near the blade, contributing to a
more efficient and versatile bulldozer.
US-0179
Billings, R. P. Excavating bucket. U.S.
2,501,594; filed Oct. 19, 1944; issued Mar. 21,
1950.
•to
•/O
Buckets of the clamshell type are supported
by a cable which extends over a sheave or pulley
wheel on the outer end of a boom or support
arm. The cable controls; bucket raising and
lowering; a second cable controls the
opening and closing of the bucket bottom.
In performing the latter operation, an upward
pull exerted on the bucket raises it out of
proper engagement with Che ground. The
present invention proposes to obviate this
objectionable feature by providing hydraulic
-------
ram control to open and close the bucket
bottom. Additionally, the benefits of full
ft-
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/ tl-s'
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V
"ft <
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7
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ts
I .
s-JO
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ram power are obtained with a relatively short
stroke of the ram.
US-0180
Wells, R. L. (Bucyrus-Erie Company), Combined
bulldozer and tractor shovel. U.S. 2,530,414;
filed May 19, 1948; issued Nov. 21, 1950.
A tractor shovel is modified to push as well
as carry dirt. A transverse bucket is mounted
on the tractor with two arms pivoted on the
tractor for pushing and lifting the bucket.
Hydraulic cylinders actuated by a pump raise
and lower the arms. When push arms are
lowered and pistons extended, the plate is in
a dirt-pushing (bulldozer) position; with
pistons retracted, the plate resumes a
dirt-carrying (shovel) position.
US-0181
Simanek, T. J. Clam shell bucket. U.S.
2,557,575; filed Dec. 16, 1949; issued June 19,
1951.
A clamshell bucket is used on steam shovel
equipment. The improved bucket is
hydraulically operated to effect deeper
digging. It can be mounted on any suitable
type of heavy equipment. When fluid pressure
is applied to the positioned open bucket,
the bucket digs deeply into the surface
excavation and closes around the material.
US 0182
Alexander, E. C. (Southern Welding and
Machine Company), Bulldozer attachment for
tractors. U.S. 2,559,816; filed Dec. 12, 1946;
issued July 10, 1951.
83
-------
Excavating
A bulldozer attachment comprises a frame
extending forward from the rear axle of a
tractor, and an earthmoving blade carried
by the frame adjustable for angling (about a
vertical axis) and tilting (about a horizontal
axis). The blade is hydraulically operated
by a single ram located in the middle front
section of the frame. Such a bulldozer
attachment is useful for converting a tractor
to an earthmoving device.
full operation. Both shovel and bulldozer
elements can be easily transported without
US-0183
Merz, J. W. Bulldozer attachment for tractors.
U.S. 2,634,519; filed Mar. 14, 1949; issued
Apr. 14, 1953.
^ < .- ^rry' b
s ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' "T »
4 J
This bulldozer attachment may be applied to
a conventional tractor, with a blade
disposed across the tractor front to operate
on ground which the tractor moves over. The
bulldozer blade is so connected to a frame
which straddles the tractor that it may be
tilted vertically or extended across the front
of the tractor at an incline. The arms of
the frame are supported from bellcrank levers
pivoted to the tractor, adjustable by
hydraulic means. A single operator actuates
the means without descending from the tractor.
Simple construction and mounting means permit
the easy removal of the attachment when the
tractor is to be used for other purposes.
US-0184
Maxwell, W. A. Combination bulldozer and shovel
arrangement. U.S. 2,660,816; filed Feb. 17,
1949; issued Dec. 1, 1953.

This combination bulldozer and shovel is
particularly adapted for mounting on crawler
type tractors. The device is mounted by a
special supporting frame on the tractor in
such a manner that the shovel can be operated
independently of the bulldozing operations.
The shovel stops operating without disconnection
from the tractor and the bulldozer can begin
dismounting. When they are removed, it
requires a minimum of time and effort to
complete the job.
US-0185
Goetz, W. J. Power shovel. U.S. 2,678,140;
filed Dec. 24, 1948; issued May 11, 1954.
This power shovel features a shovel bucket
carried and actuated by a movable shovel
handle which adjusts the bucket into two
operating positions. Reversal to either the
shovel or drag shovel position can be easily
accomplished without disassembly or complicated
operations. Fluid cylinder and piston means
operate the boom which moves the bucket.
Locking devices are also provided. The device
can be easily and inexpensively manufactured
and handled, with less chance of retaining
damage than with previous devices.
84
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US-0186
Felt, G. H. Bulldozer blade stabilizing
attachment. U.S. 2,698,491; filed Nov. 18,
1949; issued Jan. 4, 1955.

This device stabilizes the blade of a bulldozer
in order to employ it for leveling, grading,
road finishing, and ditching operations. Not
only can the blade be adjusted, but it can be
An angle-type bulldozer blade is arranged for
attachment to and operation from a construction
tractor. The rear end of the blade should
always extend a distance laterally beyond the
steadied after reaching the desired position.
The stabilizing attachment has means which
follow the contour of the ground while the
bulldozer moves around. It is movable to a
raised position in relation to the ground to
clear ditches, tree stumps, and other obstructions,
and also allows the bulldozer to be turned
around easily.
US-0187
Le Tourneau, R. G. (R. G. Le Tourneau, Inc.),
Angling blade arrangement for tractors. U.S.
2,702,952; filed Aug. 25, 1949; issued Mar. 1,
1955. -- 1
'
•-s
wheels. A unique pivot structure provides
a radius for turning blade about the central
pivot. A T-shaped pivot arm is extended between
the wheels and pivoted to the tractor case
underside to permit folding for compactness
(as required for shipping). The total blade
arrangement comprises: side arms projecting
at the rear; pivot arms attached to the case;
connections between the side and pivot arms,
and a bracket with electric motor attached to
the case. Additionally, a lead screw is
connected to the bracket and one pivot arm,
with a driving connection between the motor
and screw.
US-0188
Chartier, E. D. (R. 0. Hansen), Trench digging
attachment for motor vehicles. U.S. 2,710,466;
filed Aug. 20, 1951; issued June 14,'1955.
This trench-digging attachment can be mounted
on a small motor vehicle, such as a ''jeep''.
The boom is so mounted that when it is raised
to non-digging position, there is no dangerous
overhang of the weight structure beyond the
rear wheels, thus alleviating any sway. The
boom can be moved from side to side to permit
digging a trench in any position transversely
of the vehicle. A hydraulic cylinder controlled
by an operator enables the boom to be shifted
-------
Excavating
laterally. A dirt conveyor belt is coordinated
with the trench-digger so that dirt from the
with the screw back filling into the trench.
Not only is the fill complete, but all loose
earth can be completely moved into the trench
and the surface smoothed or graded.
trench is carried to one side forming a
continuous mound.
US-0189
Crawford, L. A. Trench filling machine. U.S.
2,714,775; filed Aug. 31, 1951; issued Aug. 9,
1955.

A self-propelled vehicle which may be guided
along an earth mound near an excavation and
return the earth to the trench is provided.
The apparatus is designed to follow the line
of the earth to be shifted without itself
being shifted by the earth mass. A novel mount
is provided for the earth mass contacting and
shifting screw. A hydraulic positioning
apparatus for the operating element is also
provided, including automatic controls
combined with manual controls to coordinate
all machine functions. This device is useful
in areas which are being tiled; after the
trench has been dug and tile laid within it,
this machine moves along the trench line,
US-0190
Crawford, G. E. Bulldozer frame. U.S.
2,725,650; filed Nov. 17, 1952; issued Dec. 6,
1955.
7J
86
-------
A frame of this type is detachable and may be
used for mounting a bulldozer blade. Primary
objectives of the device include the following:
to provide a frame for rigid attachment to the
draw bar of the transmission and clutch
housing; to provide a push bar or bulldozer
frame structure pivotally mounted on the main
frame to accommodate a blade; and, to provide
hydraulic means attached to the push bar to
raise and lower the blade. The structure is
designed to prevent twisting of the frame
work due to strains on the blade at work.
It is braced, with a simple and efficient
operation procedure.
Equipment to be used for excavating purposes
would utilize this clamshell bucket for use on
a ladder-type ditcher, adapted for deep ditch
digging. Conventional digger buckets are
satisfactory in a shallow excavation, but in
deep digging it is desirable to use the slurry
method to keep trench walls intact. Since
buckets operate under slurry for a considerable
portion of their lift, they must be designed
to retain soil, yet allow the slurry to drain.
To maintain the effective depth of the trench,
the spillage of the load must be minimized.
This invention accomplishes such an economy;
it is designed to remain closed until reaching
the discharge position where it automatically
opens.
US 0191
Kerr, W. T. Ditcher bucket. U.S. 2,753,978
filed Dec. 17, 1951; issued July 10, 1956

-------
Excavating
leveling the earth. While primarily an
agricultural implement, it may be used for a
variety of grading and leveling operations.
fixed transversely in relation to the draft
direction of the leveler. Such a leveler
might be utilized in landfill operations.
US-0193
Christiance, H. C. Road drag. U.S. 2,827,744;
filed Mar. 6, 1956; issued Mar. 25, 1958.

A drag is provided for ground leveling and
contouring in which the drag members are in
ring-form interconnected and stabilized to
112
accommodate variations in ground contour.
Problems of faulty interconnection and
stabilization with previous inventions have
been overcome here with the provision of a
center ring flanked by a pair of outer rings.
This center ring is diamietrically connected
to the outer rings to achieve control of the
relative rise and fall of rings.
Additionally, arched scraper blades are
secured to the drag rings. A simple hitch is
connected to the rings for attachment to a
tractor.
US-0194
Miller, E. W. Soil leveler with adjustable
wheeled frame. U.S. 2,862,341; filed Apr. 1,
1957; issued Dec. 2, 1958.

A tractor-drawn leveler has an adjustable
wheeled frame and a three-point hitch for
connection purposes. The open framelike
construction embodies numerous
tandem-arranged soil-cutting members which are
US-0195
Chatrenet, A. (Societe a Responsabilite
Litnitee), Hydraulically-operated grab bucket.
U.S. 2,889,643; filed Oct. 13, 1955; issued
June 9, 1959.
1
24-, ~
24
12
10
A grab bucket may equip hoisting cranes of
excavators as well as handling equipment for
public works and agricultural work. The
bucket is hydraulically operated by a ram, the
cylinder of which has connecting rods for
controlling the openirig-out movement of the
bucket jaws or sections. The ram is
88
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single-acting and controls the bucket closing
movement while the opening motion is produced
by the action of the weight of the bucket
jaws assisted by springs. A small amount of
force is required to open the bucket, so
possibly a double-acting ram may be used
without reducing the diameter of the extension
of the piston which supports the bucket
assembly.
US 0196
Freyer, E. F. Screening means for clamshell
bucket. U.S. 3,299,548; filed Feb. 10, 1964;
issued Jan. 24, 1967.

Screening, grading, and handling facilities
can be built into or attached to a conventional
36
1
34
12
52
8
4O
clamshell bucket. The construction is such
that when the mouth of the bucket is opened
and the lip-like cutting edges spaced apart,
the material to be screened filters through
screen openings while larger particles are
trapped in the receptacle portion of the bucket.
When the mouth is fully opened, these larger
particles may be discharged and piled for
separation. The screen is then hoisted up to
an out-of-the-way position so bucket sections
can resume the digging cycle. Means for
screening resembles a U-shaped cradle unit
which is associated with and in complete
coordination with a pair of opposed companion
bucket sections.
US-0197
Waterson, A. P. Land leveler. U.S. 3,353,288;
filed Feb. 17, 1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967.

An improved tractor-drawn scraper blade has
automatic means to vary the blade height to the
ground contour. One objective is to provide a
device adapted for fine leveling work (minor
humps) after coarse leveling has been accomplished.
The land leveler is connected to a tractor,
the tractor's front wheels acting as the front
feeler for the leveler. Thus, when the tractor
passes over uneven ground, a draw bar is raised
and lowered by hydraulic actuator means which
operates the mechanism to control the scraper's
height for correct alignment with front and
rear feeler wheels. The scraper assembly is
able to cut and fill, thereby leveling the land.
69
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Hazardous Wastes
Beyers, M. E. , M. P. Brown, J. W. Carter, J.
A. Junck, J. F. Lauterbach, and F. H. Winters
(Caterpillar Tractor Company), Hydraulic blade
control. U.S. 3,354,563; filed Aug. 4, 1964;
issued Nov. 28, 1967.
Controls are designed for maintaining a desired
cutting slope of a motor grader blade. Such a
device is necessary for earth moving operations
where extreme accuracy (such as 1/8 in. in 10
ft) is required. The control system is for use
in conjunction with a blade slope simulator in
the drawbar ball of a grader. It is sensitive
to a deviation between a desired blade slope
and actual blade slope. Protection from
damaging forces during operation is provided.
A valve device directs fluid to a hydraulic
system disposed to alter the slope of the blade.
US-0199
Wilmoth, J. H., and H. L. Wilmoth. Power driven
reel for earth moving scraper. U.S. 3,363,344;
filed Dec. 21, 1964; issued Jan. 16, 1968.

This invention provides a power driven reel
for an earth moving scraper which will perform
//
variable rotational speeds independently of
scraper movement, to assist in passing over
obstructions, Inclines, and soft areas of terrain.
This power driven cylindrical reel is capable
of loading from a stock pile with minimal
scraper movement. It is located within a
scraper; during loading the reel rotates,
elevating earth which it contacts away from a
cutting edge for subsequent deposit into a
scraper bowl. When the scraper bowl becomes
filled, the excavated earth is carried up and
back by vanes and is discharged into an open
earth transporting bowl.
US-0200
Hancock, J. E., R. L. Reinhardt, and H. E.
Stuller (Clark Equipment Company), Combination
elevating scraper and loader. U.S. 3,391,776;
filed Nov. 14, 1966; issued July 9, 1968.

Dirt, gravel, or other material is picked up
by a vehicle which consists of a frame and
supporting wheels, a scraper blade, and a
conveyor. The conveyor extends forward from
the frame and the material is deposited into
it and transferred rearward of the frame for
disposition. The vehicle has steering
capabilities so that it may be maneuvered
about a supply area such as a borrow pit.
It includes first and second spaced apart
wheel structures at the front of the frame
which may be changed from a wide position to
a lesser position for traveling of the vehicle
on roadways.
well in all environments even with loose soils
and sand. Such a reel may be operated at
HAZARDOUS WASTES
US-0201
Guerchoux, C. S. (The Ro-Ed Engineering
Company, Inc.), Mobile incinerator, garbage
container, and chute. U.S. 2,442,686; filed
Dec. 19, 1946; issued Dec. 19, 1946.

This mobile incinerator, garbage container,
and chute combination has been designed
90
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especially for use on a barge or ship. Garbage,
sawdust, oils, contaminated foods, and other
debris may be accommodated in this device in
order to dispose of them before a ship docks
at a pott. Disease and insects are thus
prevented from entering the country. The
device is mounted on a barge until goods can
be quickly transferred to the incinerator for
burning. A garbage chute is mounted on the
side of a ship, positioned so that contents of
the chute will fall into an incinerator on a
barge alongside. An operator pulls a handle
attached to the door of the chute which
allows material to drop onto the open top
grill of the incinerator for burning.
dissolving solids, fluid is injected and the
materials are agitated and mixed until dissolved.
Thus, a safe and inexpensive method is provided
for the disposal of wastes that are mixed
with glass, caustic acid, or chemicals. This
separation method prevents materials from
settling and caking on the bottom of a tank
or sewer system. The material is retained and
agitated in the tank until it becomes a
solution.
US-0203
Coder, R. Incinerator for medical waste. U.S.
2,616,379; filed Aug. 11, 1948; issued Nov. 4,
1952.
US-0202
Norton, 0. C., and A. E. Hahn. Disposal of refuse.
U.S. 2,447,425; filed Mar. 17, 1945; issued
Aug. 17, 1948.

Mixing and disposal machines are improved by
mixing and dissolving solids in fluids. Fluid
under pressure is injected into a tank,
dispersing and separating waste products
according to their specific gravity. In
This incinerator is for burning contaminated
matter, such as hospital wastes. Charging,
combustion, and exhaust chambers are provided,
-------
Hazardous Wastes
with partitions between charging and exhaust
members. A passage for conveying distillates,
gases, and air from the former to the latter
chamber is also provided. Novel grate means make
use of a drip pan which catches liquid that
might otherwise fall into the ash pit. Material
is loaded into the charging chamber and the
waste is guided down to the grate means by
slanted walls of a hopper. Drippings are
evaporated to pass up the exhaust chamber and
flue port.
US-0204
Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner
Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,838,014;
filed July 25, 1956; issued June 10, 1958.

An incinerator for the destruction of animal
carcasses, biological laboratory waste, and
hospital waste has walls which form a charging
chamber for reception and incineration of
material. There is a vertically extending
combustion chamber separated from the charging
'SS
chamber by a vertical partition. A passage
extends beneath the charging chamber opening
into the lower portions of the charging
chamber and combustion chamber for placing the
two in communication. The walls of the
combustion chamber form an opening at the top
for placing the chamber in communication with
a stack, whereby the combustion products from
the charging chamber are caused to flow through
the passage into the combustion chamber for
ascent through it to and into the stack. The
walls are formed with an opening which places
the combustion chamber in communication with
the charging chamber at a point below the
opening into the stack, and above the other
opening into the charging chamber. A power
burner is provided for discharging a burning
mixture of fuel and excess combustion air
across the combustion chamber from its wall
opposite the partition to and through the
opening in the partition into the charging
chamber. This causes burning of smoke-forming
particles contained in the gaseous combustion
products ascending through the combustion
chambers, and breaks down and burns odoriferous
constituents of such products. This also
treats the charge in the charging chamber and
supplies it with combustion air. It further
forces part of the combustion products
ascending through the combustion chamber through
the opening into the charging chamber for
recirculation through the charging chamber,
passage, and combustion chamber before entering
the stack.
US-0205
Michaelis, 0. Furnace for burning of waste
materials. U.S. 2,895,433; filed July 10, 1957;
issued July 21, 1959.
An electric, gas, or oil furnace burns wastes
such as those resulting from hospital operations.
Material can be destroyed in a fast and
hygenic manner without endangering the
operator's health. The furnace unit itself
comprises a thin-walled cylinder adapted to
receive combustion air from the bottom. At
the top of the furnace is a container having
a tilted emptying connecting piece for holding
and emptying a waste basket. To remove
combustion residue, a sLidable ash catcher is
provided below the bottom of the furnace.
Smoke and odor are eliminated because the
furnace duct is arranged with the chimney in
such a way that an induced draft is created
which removes gaseous burning products.
USO206
Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner
Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,925,054;
filed June 30, 1958; issued Feb. 16, 1960.
92
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This compact incinerator destroys many types
of waste materials, including animal carcasses
and wastes, without smoke and odor discharge.
A single fluid fuel burner effects destruction
of material to be incinerated. The casing is
formed of refractory material inside, with a
a pair of carbon sticks and a carbon arc feed
mechanism to feed and separate said sticks.
metallic outer shell. Refuse to be incinerated
is loaded into the charging chamber through a
top opening and material falls on the bottom
grate, Burned products descend through the
grate into an ashpit below, flow through
openings into a lower chamber, whereby they
rise up to the burner chamber for incineration,
and move to an upper chamber where products
are discharged. The action of the burner
chamber flame, acting with the effects from hot
incandescent walls of upper, lower, and burning
chambers, causes all smoke particles and
odors to be consumed prior to discharge.
US-0207
Menrath, J. E., and E. J. Lideen. Carbon arc
incinerator. U.S. 3,173,388; filed Oct. 8, 1962;
issued Mar. 16, 1965.

A unique incinerator apparatus is designed
especially for use in hospitals and the like
where heat for incineration is supplied by
means of a carbon arc. The device uses no
flushing liquids, disposes of wastes without
storage, is self-cleaning, and requires no
emptying. The carbon arc reducing means
eliminates fire hazard and danger to the user.
An incinerating crucible receives waste
from a rotatable material feeding valve and an
electric carbon arc heating means quickly
raises the temperature to incinerate all waste.
A motor-driven fan moves a stream of air over
the crucible during incineration to effect
combustion and to entrain the products of
combustion. The carbon arc assembly includes
The entire apparatus is automatic in operation,
compact designed, and portable.
US-0208
Gates, H. J., and T. Rosenberg (International
Incinerators Incorporated), Incinerators. U.S.
3,173,389; filed Nov. 13, 1961; issued Mar. 16,
1965.

This incinerator has an explosion-proof
arrangement for handling highly explosive
93
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Hazardous Wastes
materials, such as plastic wastes. It
has a building structure of reinforced
concrete having upper and lower sections where
elements of a continuous incinerator arc
located. Refuse is deposited near the
outside of the structure and a crane moves to
deposit it through a hopper entrance. A
continuously moving drying grate works to
transfer the material to a feed chute which
causes it to enter a rotating kiln. A
separate entrance to the incinerator above the
feed chute is used for volatile materials;
combustion air is damper here. Other safety
means are employed to help protect the operators.
US-0209
Berghout, C. F. , M. Dauer, F. W. Lanard, R. P.
Minx, W. E. Senoski, and U, T. Ward (United
States of America repr. by the Secretary of the
Army) , Radioactive waste material incinerator.
U.S. 3,218,997; filed Feb. 6, 1963; issued
Nov. 23, 1965.

An incinerator for combustible radioactive
material comprises a combustion chamber with
a charging device for radioactive waste
material. There is also a fuel injector, and
an air supply mechanism. At the base of the
combustion chamber there is an ash disposal
device. This is contiguous to the chamber,
and includes an ash chute. The ash is sprayed
with a liquid in the chute. There is a dust
removal device for the disposal of dust
created by discharge from the combustion
chamber. A dynamic precipitation mechanism
is provided for purifying waste gases emitted
from the combustion chairber. A controlled
precipitation disposal device is placed
contiguous to the precipitation mechanism
and includes a valve-controlled hopper and
dust removal device. An exhaust conduit is
located between the combustion chamber and
the precipitation mechanism and between the
dynamic precipitation device and a stack that
is located in the incinerator. A radiation
detector alarm and recording device may be
mounted in the stack or ash disposal device.
RODSCKttN
94
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US 0210
Maurice, P., P. Girard, and P. Fenaille
(La Soudure Autogene Franchise), Organic
materials destructor. U.S. 3,345,960; filed
July 12, 1965; issued Oct. 10, 1967.

In an incinerator intended for the destruction
of Organic materials, combustion is promoted
by placing materials, such as animal viscera,
in contact with very hot gases. The incinerator
is comprised of a basket arranged in a casing
-I
which turns around a horizontal axis. Material
is placed in one end of the basket, while
one or more burners, for the intake of hot
gases, are placed in this opening also. Fumes
resulting from incineration may escape out
the other end of the basket. The burner
mechanism is fed with either liquid or gas
fuel; the speed of rotation of basket and
casing is about fifteen turns per hr.
US 0211
Harrison, A. E. Non-contaminating incinerator
for consummate burning of trash and disposal
of waste. U.S. 3,368,505; filed Jan. 18, 1966;
issued Feb. 13, 1968.

An incinerator of this type maintains sterile
conditions and prevents contamination of the
atmosphere in the burning of trash. It is
efficient for both indoor and outdoor use and
is especially useful in destroying classified
papers and hospital waste. The incinerator
Includes a trash-receiving, rotatable
reticulate drum to which the burning flame is
directly applied. The drum is equipped with
internal agitators in the form of toothed-edge
bars which carry unburned materials to the top
of the drum for ignition. They continuously
stir the burning trash until the last particle
is pulverized. The incinerator housing carries
a flue with a revolving screen for intercepting
sparks. The entire incinerator is motor
operated, the motor being housed outside and
attached to a wall of the incinerator housing.
A water sprinkling system is located between
-2
the fuel pipe and drain to permit flushing of
the burnt trash residue into the sewer main.
An auxiliary smoke stack is provided if more
draft is required. The front of the unit has
a supplemental door to permit removal of
non-combustible articles.
US-0212
Pedersen, F., E, Lorengs, and E. Indbryn
(F. Pedersen), Incineration method. U.S.
3,461,824; filed Apr. 8, 1968; issued Aug. 19,
1969.
95
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Incineration
A method is provided for the combustion of
anatomical tissue, refuse and other waste
materials without pollution of the atmosphere.
The cold refuse is placed in a grateless
incinerator and then gradually heated without
admitting air until the refuse is in a
completely dry state and the self-ignition
temperature of the refuse has been reached. A
slight amount of air is then admitted to
maintain combustion but not enough to carry
off material from inside the incinerator.
The admission of air is subsequently adjusted
when the combustion is half-complete in order
to maintain the temperature in the furnace
space at about 800 C. Fuel may be introduced
after self-ignition has occurred. The gaseous
combustion products may be conveyed to a
closed chamber and subjected to a rain of
vaporized water prior to being discharged.
US-0213
Tarbox, J. L. (United States of America repr.
by the Secretary of the Army) , Incinerator
with fluid turbulator. U.S. 3,464,375, filed
July 11, 1967; issued Sept. 2, 1969.

An improved combustible radioactive waste
incinerator system has a combustion chamber,
a flue outlet pipe leading from the combustion
chamber, and an air control device adapted to
control the rate of dilution air drawn into
the flue outlet pipe. The air control device
consists of: a horizontal air inlet duct and
a mixing chamber interposed in the flue outlet
pipe and receiving air from the horizontal
duct; a curved baffle extending into the
mixing chamber and having an upstream portion
bisecting tho horizontal duct in a horizontal
plane; and a lower baffle at the forward
portion of the inlet duct cooperating with the
upstream portion to form upper and lower air
streams. The upper stream enters and rotates
peripherally of the mixing chamber and the
lower stream enters centrally of the mixing
chamber. The reliable air dilution device
prevents leakage of radioactive material from
the flue gases entering the air dilution
device to the environment outside of the
incineracor.
INCINERATION

Domestic—
US-0214
Waterman, A. C. Incinerator. U.S. 2,427,480;
filed July 17, 1944; issued Sept. 16, 1947.
A simple and compact incinerator can be easily
set up for safe use. Jumping means are
-------
provided and a cushion for limiting its
movement in one direction during dumping. The
smoke stack can be folded out of the way during
the dumping operation. Air supply means help
the combustion process. The incinerator body,
preferably cylindrical in shape, is suspended
on a support set in concrete slightly above the
ground, to facilitate tilting for dumping
operations.
US-0215
Hebert, J. W. (Valley Welding and Boiler
Company), Refuse incinerator. U.S. 2,488,405;
filed Sept. 20, 1947; issued Nov. 15, 1949.

This incinerator is provided with a unique
electric heating element to assist in drying
wet refuse prior to combustion. Air inlet
openings are provided in the combustion
chamber adjacent to the heating element to
direct incoming air around the element and
cause the direct flame and heat to circulate
away from the unit. Air openings in the
chamber side wall prevent over-heating of the
heating element. Tive drying process obviates
bad odors and smoke. The electric heating
unit is bracket-mounted on the front receiving
chamber wall of a downdraft refuse incinerator.
This conventional incinerator is provided with
a flue pipe at the rear of the combustion
chamber and has a hinged Ud on top to permit
dumping refuse into the chamber.
US-0216
Ames, J. G. Multistage incinerator for drying
and burning wet refuse. U.S. 2,493,939; filed
July 26, 1945; issued Jan. 10, 1950.

In an incinerator of this type, wet refuse is
disposed of by multistage incineration, the
first stage being a drying or dehydrating
cycle at low temperature without flane, and the
second stage being a burning or ignition stage
10-
where the dried mass is burned. The initial
drying stage eliminates or reduces smoke and
odor in the burning stage. Improved air
control is provided in which air for both cycles
is compelled to pass through both drying and
ignition chambers, and out through the flue.
This air control enables multistage
incineration to be accomplished in several
compartments, instead of one compartment
handling several operations. A hearth plate
or refuse support receives and supports
incoming garbage through the necessary stages.
Improved flue means between chambers are also
provided.
97
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Incineration
US-0217
Ames, J. G. Incinerator with burner means
responsive to weight of rubbish to be burned.
U.S. 2,517,074; filed July 26, 1945; issued
Aug. 1, 1950.

A gas-fired device adapted for domestic use
disposes of refuse by multistage incineration.
The first stage dries or dehydrates garbage

at a low temperature, and a second ignition
stage employs a hot flame to burn the
dehydrated mass. Smoke and odor are reduced
due to the drying process. The second ignition
stage is entirely dependent on the weight
of the refuse--the refuse grate moves to
different positions due to the loss of
weight from the drying stage; the burner
shuts off when there is a lack of refuse
weight on the grate.
US-0218
Keene, A. T. Waste or garbage disposal
apparatus. U.S. 2,560,578; filed April 9,
1945; issued July 17, 1951.

Garbage may be disposed of at its source by
this apparatus without smoke or odor. A
home unit produces an end product which is
either ash or desiccated garbage which is
sanitary to handle and useful as a stock feed
or fertilizer. The disposal apparatus is
simple to install and is accessible from the
outside of a dwelling. A cylindrical housing
holds a rotary grinding element driven by an
electric motor and a desiccator. Desiccated
material is guided into a furnace where it
piles up on a grate until it reaches a level
f^ -p Y\({(\//(<(\
adjacent to the flame of the gas or other
burner for combustion. Heated air from the
furnace passes through the desiccator to dry
comminuted garbage prior to burning.
US-0219
Earle, G. L. C. Kitchen cabinet incinerator.
U.S. 2,584,382; filed May 5, 1947; issued Feb. 5,
1952.

This incinerator is adapted to form part of a
utility or kitchen unit, and occupies the
intermediate end upper portions of such an
L-shaped or 'set-back' unit. It has a flue
system which may connect with that of the
space heater if the unit includes one. The
incinerator is provided with three doors: a
feed door, a combustion chamber door, and
clean-out door. The feed door is located in
the lower portion of the unit, while the
combustion chamber door and clean-out door
98
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are hidden by an access door located in the
intermediate portion above the table top.
for shaking the grate to dislodge ash without
opening the door, thereby eliminating the
possibility of dust or odors escaping. The
grate structure and combustion chamber are
inexpensively constructed and admit a maximum
amount of air for dehydrating the garbage or
refuse within.
US0221
Willett, G. H., and W. R. Vroman (Incinerator
Products Company), Chimney wall mounted
incinerator. U.S. 2,652,010; filed June 7, 1951;
issued Sept. 15, 1953.

A small, domestic incinerator is adapted for
auxiliary mounting directly onto a chimney.
Means are provided to support the weight of
the incinerator on the wall. The construction
is unique to prevent smoke, noxious gases, and
combustion products from seeping out around the
US 0220
Weggel, E. J. Garbage and refuse incinerator.
U.S. 2,608,943; filed Apr. 7, 1947; issued
Sept. 2, 1952.
J&
An incinerator of this type is used in a
home or similar establishment, and has a
readily removable grate. Means are provided
connection to the chimney. In addition, a
spark-arrester screen is assembled within to
retain the heat-insulating lining in the
housing and provide a by-pass at the back
-------
Incineration
through which gases pass to the chimney flue
in the event that the normal passage is blocked.
US-0222
Blum, J. K., R. G. Blum, and D. J. Blum
(Burnwell Incinerator Corporation) Incinerator.
U.S. 2,678,009; filed April 28, 1950; issued
May 11, 1954.
This incinerator is designed for installation
in buildings for the sanitary disposal of
refuse. It is a chute-type incinerator in
which the feeding chute and gas discharge
flue are separate. A blower directs a stream
of cold air across the bottom of the feeding
chute and into the incinerator furnace. This
air stream prevents hot gases and flames from
rising up the feeding chute and cools the
bottom of the chute to reduce the drawing
action of the hot gases. An auxiliary flame
maintains a desired furnace temperature and
helps oxidize refuse and combination gases.
The combustion gases take a devious course to
insure complete combustion and a major amount
of the fly ash is deposited before it leaves
the flue.
US-0223
Weggel, E. J. Refuse incinerator. U.S.
2,702,012; filed Jan. 18, 1951; issued Feb. 15,
1955.
This complete home disposal unit features a
unique feed door and auxiliary door arrangement
for admitting air and preventing the escape
of fumes and odors into the room. An automatic
check damper is automatically actuated when
100
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the unit is in operation to regulate the draft
and prevent overheating during burning. The
unit also makes use of a baffle cylinder with
a perforated basket suspended within, permitting
cool air to circulate around material in the
container for maximum drying action. Within
the kitchen or office located device are
portable ash containers where ashes fall from
the grate, keeping the base of the incinerator
clean.
A top-loading door admits refuse into the
combustion chamber when lifted.
US-0224
Smart, A. Automatic incinerator. U.S.
2,716,386; filed Aug. 18, 1952; issued Aug.
1955.
30,
,^3Z
J . I , 6
US-0225
Loewenthal, H. J., and J. E. Staats (General
Electric Company), Incinerator. U.S. 2,783,723;
filed Dec. 2, 195A; issued Mar. 5, 1957.
I-

l-i «> —
'"i'rT^'**l" 'T^*"m"*l"*""TTT*JT:
as
IS
A domestic incinerator of this design is compact,
efficient, inexpensive to manufacture, and
entirely automatic in operation. It has a
high safety factor so it may be used by any
member of the family without danger; the act
of loading the refuse is all that is necessary
to initiate operation. The device is comprised
of a hollow receptacle with a combustion
compartment and a grate separating this
compartment from a clean-out compartment below.
101
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Incineration
This domestic incinerator has an electric
heating device which is automatically controlled
to maintain a predetermined minimum temperature
in the combustion chamber during each operating
cycle. After all waste is burned, the device is
de-energized automatically. To prevent accidental
opening of the incinerator, an electrically-
actuated latch mechanism is used to lock
the drawers and door during operation.
US-0226
Harner, J. R. (The W. F. Norman Sheet Metal
Manufacturing Company), Incinerator. U.S.
2,804,030; filed Mar. 30, 1953; issued Aug. 27,
1957.
A portion of the operating assembly of a
rubbish-burning incinerator movable in
response to the weight of rubbish placed on
it to control the supply of fuel to the burner
automatically. The incinerate; has a deflector
grate, movable grate, and a burner grate.
Rubbish to be burned falls through a top opening
to rest on a movable finger assembly which is
lowered by weight of the waste toward the
burner. Burned material falls into the ash
pit below the burner grate. The incinerator
is intended for use in a modern home, so air
cooling means are provided to prevent
overheating of the casing.
US-0227
Raucher, W. L. (General Electric Company) ,
Control circuits for electric incinerators.
U.S. 2,823,626; filed Mar. 10, 1955; issued
Feb. 18, 1958.
Electric incinerators used in homes can use
this control circuit. The unit is operated
under a variety of load conditions with
respect to the character of the material that
is to be burned or disposed of, the relatively
inflammability of the load, etc.; whereby the
time interval of the operating cycle of the
incinerator required to completely burn-out
or consume a load of material is subject to
wide variations. Some dry loads ignite
instantly, others require a predrying stage.
The control circuit is designed to affect
different operations depending on the nature of
the material. It may establish either a single
cycle or repeated cycles; to ensure complete
burn-out of the load.
102
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US-0228
Anderson, K. G. and S. Close (K. G. Anderson),
Incinerator. U.S. 2,863,406; filed June 10,
1957; issued Dec. 9, 1958.

Complete combustion of refuse is accomplished
in this incinerator to minimize the amount of
smoke or particles escaping from within. The
grate may be constructed of sheet metal with
a number of openings; the improved lid has
of all gases take place, eliminating all smoke
and odor. The whole apparatus may be
insulation for cooling purposes and is contoured
on the inner side. In operation, refuse is
loaded through the top and two burners (one
within and one outside the chamber) are
ignited. Air is drawn from the bottom of
the body through a passageway to assure
maximum combustion. Gases from combustion
leave the incinerator through a pipe, but are
first directed to the second burner for more
complete burning before discharge out the
chimney.
US-0229
Werner, A. Incinerator construction. U.S.
2,895,434; filed Apr. 24, 1956; issued July 21,
1959.

In this incinerator, refuse may be so completely
burned and controlled that complete combustion
of all gases before they leave the stack is
completed. Deodorization and decarbonization
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incorporated into an apartment house.
Heretofore, when refuse was deposited in the
stack and burned in the firebox, odors and
bits of carbon resulted, usually due to
103
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Incineration
Incomplete combustion. Now, a new combustion
means employing any source of ignition is
provided to effect complete burning prior to
entry into the atmosphere. Also a draft
control means or transverse air duct is
utilized to aid this combustion process.
etc., while in larger sizes it incinerates
industrial and factory wastes.
KS.
US-0230
Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company),
Incinerator. U.S. 2,932,713; filed May 26, 1958;
issued Apr. 12, 1960.

A household incinerator enabling high combustion
of shredded materials over a relatively slow
continuous rate without high peak heat outputs
consists of a shredding chamber through which
material passes before incineration, and a
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combustion compartment. A rotor with a
helical blade shreds the material and conveys
it in a continuous compressed rod form into
the combustion chamber. A helically coiled
tubular sheath heating unit heats the material
to its combustion point as it passes through.
The total heat produced by the unit is low in
comparison to regular incinerators.
US-0231
Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner
Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,952,226;
filed Feb. 23, 1956; issued Sept. 13, 1960.

Smoke and odors are eliminated in this
incinerator; the charge is burned in such a
way as to distill combustible gases from it
and burn them by hydroxylative combustion (not
ordinary carbonic combustion). A provision is
made for automatically reversing the draft
under low temperature conditions resulting
when the charge is almost consumed. This
prevents smoldering and smoke. This
prefabricated waste incinerator is intended
for outdoor use; in smaller sizes it is adapted
for domestic use to burn paper, wood fragments,
US 0232
Hebert, J. W. (Calcinator Corporation),
Domestic incinerators. U.S. 2,993,454;
filed Aug. 8, 1956; issued July 25, 1961.

An incinerator for combusting garbage and
refuse is composed of a casing in which a
combustion chamber containing a horizontal,
longitudinally extending shield is placed. A
fuel issuing portion lies parallel to the
shield, so the ejection of fuel results in an
elongated torch-like flame. The shield protects
the flame from extinction. Deflector fins
are longitudinally spaced along the shield
and extend a little further inward toward the
axis of the flame with distance from its
source. Thus, parts of the flame are peeled
off and distributed outward and laterally.
104
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The shield extends almost to the secondary
combustion chamber, which is connected to the
first by a flue. A grate holding the garbage
and refuse is contained in the primary chamber.
thus subject to greater combustion at the top
of the grate before sliding to the bottom.
Corrugations in the walls of the chamber
provide air passages, and, by increasing air
circulation, promote more efficient burning.
Garbage can be placed on the shield where it
dries until the main burner is turned on and
it is ignited by the pilot flame.
US0233
Meyer, P. J. Incinerator. U.S. 3,001,487;
filed Apr. 15, 1960; issued Sept. 26, 1961.

An incinerator of this design is for use
primarily with garbage and trash. An emptying
opening in the sidewall of the cylindrical
housing renders up unconsumed material, such
as cans and bottles. The grate retains these
unburned items and automatically conveys them
to the opening without the need to reach into
the incinerator. Beneath the grate is a slide-out
ash drawer which is easily removed for dumping
when full. A further provision of the
incinerator is a burner, such as a gas burner,
located beneath and at the same angle as the
grate. Material deposited on the grate is
105
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Incineration
US-0234
Hebert, J. W., P. R. Schubert, and H. L. Coles
(Calcinator Corporation), Incinerators. U.S.
3,043,245; filed Feb. 17, 1955; issued July 10,
1962.

A garbage and refuse incinerator consists of a
housing defining a combustion chamber. A flue
leads into this chamber, and a casing is so
mounted as to cover the entrance to the flue
from the chamber. This casing has an opening
in it opposite the flue. There is a catalyst
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in the casing below the opening, and a burner
in the casing below the catalyst to maintain
the catalyst at a predetermined temperature.
The casing has an opening in its lower end to
admit the off gases of combustion to the casing.
There is a bypass opening door for the opening
opposite the flue, and this is swingably
mounted to swing out away from the casing. A
charging door for the housing is mounted to
swing outward away from the housing. A device
connects the first mentioned door and charging
door so that when the latter is opened, the
former will also be opened.
US-0235
Morgan, C. A. (The Majestic Company),
Incinerator. U.S. 3,048,130; filed June 1,
1959; issued Aug. 7, 1962.
A domestic smoke-consuming incinerator has
a primary charge-receiving chamber, a secondary
chamber, and a final combustion chamber. Air
may be introduced at the upward end of the
secondary chamber to aid combustion. Flames
may be introduced at the junction between the
secondary and final chambers, whereby smoke
and unburned particles from the refuse charge
are completely consumed in these last two
chambers. The final combustion chamber is
provided with a refractory wall upon which
unburned particles strike, this wall being
at an elevated temperature at the time of
contact.
US-0236
Brucken, B. L., and J. L. Miller (General
Motors Corporation), Domestic incinerator.
U.S. 3,150,619; filed Oct. 23, 1959; issued
Sept. 29, 1964.

This domestic incinerator may be installed as
an appliance within the living area of a home
and does not need a chimney for removing
combustion products. The refuse is subjected
to a destructive or dry distillation process
while volatile combustible products from
distillation are subjected to subsequent
catalytic combustion. Both distillation
and combustion chambers are provided. A
mechanical draft is utilized to dilute the air
106
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exhausting from the incinerator to lower the
temperature and maintain proper pressure.
Means are also provided to crush residue fron
the distillation process.
US-0237
Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner
Corporation), Portable incinerator. U.S.
3,160,122; filed Sept. 26, 1963; issued Dec. 8,
1964.

A portable knockdown incinerator comprises a
sheet metal wall defining an erect casing.
The casing has vertical and inwardly inclined
side walls, and is open at the top and bottom,
with feet attached to the side walls for
supporting the casing above a positioning
horizontal surface. In the lower portion of
the casing is a receiver for a charge of
material to be burned. This receiver together
with the interior of the casing above it
defines a primary combustion chamber. There
is a carbureting burner head at the top of
the casing defining a second combustion
chamber. The burner head is comprised of a
cover-like supporting plate, an upstanding
perforate wall surrounding and vertically open
to the aperture, and a horizontal bottom plate
of similar circumferential extent as the
supporting plate. The bottom plate has a
vertical marginal wall connecting it to the
supporting plate to form an intermediary
chamber between the primary and second
combustion chambers. The burner head further
comprises a vertical stack ring surrounding
and annularly spaced from the upstanding
perforate wall of the head and carried on
and above the supporting plate. The stack
ring, perforate walled second combustion
chamber, and intermediary chamber, and all
apertures thereof together are arranged to
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Incineration
no more hot gas disposal duct means than a bit
of plastic tubing. The gaseous combustion
product which comes from the device is clear,
odorless, and less than 200 F. Electrical
means are used to induce combustion initially;
burning is maintained at 1,500 F to eliminate
smoke and odor. Compaction means are
included within to form waste material into a
nonporous plug of material for burning,
taking the form of a pressurized rubber bag
here (creating a bellows effect). A completely
air-tight trash bin is provided so air cannot
get behind the burning plug of oxidizable
material. No exterior part of the device
becomes hot enough to burn the operator.
US-0239
Brucken, B. L. , and H. P. Cassady. (General
Motors Corporation), Waste incinerator. U.S.
3,314,385; filed Sept. 28, 1964; issued Apr. 18,
1967.

An incinerator has an automatic incinerating
cycle, including a destructive distillation
portion at the beginning to reduce waste to a
carbonaceous residue and a second carbon-burning
phase to reduce this residue to ash. The
domestic appliance described has means for
inducing a sweep of air through the door when
opened to prevent soot from entering the room
while loading the incinerator. There are
heating means at the joint of the door with
the door opening for minimizing condensation.
A further objective is to provide a common
catalyst means to eliminate smoke and odor,
and free oxygen from the incinerator's
destructive distillation chamber. The
incinerator may be installed in a line of base
cabinets, for connection to an exterior duct
and a power supply receptacle.
108
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US-0240
Stevens, C. F. B. (Pulp and Paper Research
Institute of Canada), Combustion of organic
waste material. U.S. 3,357,377; filed Sept. 3,
1965; issued Dec. 12, 1967.
high degree that only water vapor and carbon
dioxide is discharged to the atmosphere and
inert ash discharged for storage within the
building. Garbage is broken up and fed to a
grinder from which clumps of comminuted
garbage fall onto a preheated metal surface.
This heated surface is located in a first
combustion chamber; particulate matter stays
in this chamber for drying, pyrolysis, and
evolution of gases. A mixture of gases and
preheated air is conducted to a second
chamber where the extreme temperature insures
complete combustion. Solids remaining in
the first chamber are burned to ash and
discharged at the end of the cycle.
US-0241
Wiley, S. K. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation),
Domestic incinerator appliance. U.S. 3,357,379;
filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued Dec. 12, 1967.
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In this domestic kitchen appliance, garbage
may be disposed of by combustion to such a
POWES
SUPPLY
This small-sized housetiold incinerator makes
possible the disposal of tin cans, plastic
containers, foil wrappings, and the usual
household trash items which are not quickly
oxidizable. Tiie combustion chamber has a
ceramic lining in the lower part of an
air-tight container. The upper part of the
container constitutes a trash bin into which
trash may be stuffed. An inflatable bag is
clamped by a cover to the top of the bin and
109
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Incineration
may be inflated from any source of compressed
air. As the bag becomes inflated, the pressure
compacts the trash into a nonporous plug.
The bottom face of this plug of compacted
material forms one wall of the combustion
chamber. As this thin layer becomes eroded
and shrunken, the pressure exerted by the bag
causes the plug to move forward. This keeps
the carbonized and incandescent burning face
in the same place that burned material falls.
Combustion is induced by hot ail flowing
through several orifices. An electrical
resistance heater heats the air before
delivery. A thermostatically-controlled
valve opens the chamber to admit fresh air when
the temperature becomes too high.
second chamber where the combustion process
is completed.
US-0242
Bourner, H. L. Incinerator. U.S. 3,364,887;
filed Apr. 11, 1966; issued Jan. 23, 1968.
US 0243
Pantoja, E. V. Garbage incinerator. U.S.
3,388,679; filed Jan. 6, 1967; issued June 18,
1968
This refuse incinerator which is hermetically
sealed can be safely installed and used in a
household for burning refuse. An exhaust vent
is installed for dire-.ting combustion gases
to an atmosphere which is outside of the
house. A forced draft apparatus draws in
cooling air and combustion air while it forces
exhaust products from the incinerator. The
refuse is initially burned in a primary
combustion chamber and then passed to a
10
110
-------
This incinerator is a unitary, self-contained
installation capable of burning garbage and
other waste materials and arranged for collection
of refuse by ducts from upper floors as well
as the ground floor of buildings. An airspace
between double enclosing walls insulates
against heat escape. Combustion gases and
fumes reach the exterior through a main
vertical stack into which secondary flues are
funneled to ventilate the space outside the
furnace. Baffle plates within the main stack
prevent entry of rain water as well as escape
of unburnt waste. A series of interior plates
allows combustion gases to sweep through the
garbage to provide maximum heat utilization.
Regulation of primary air suppJy is provided
by doors on the front of the furnace. A
burner, on a movable base, provides the heat
source which together with the serial grates
provides for melting metallic waste.
US-0244
Anderson, C. A., and M. D. Charneski (The
Detroit Edison Company), Electric incinerator.
U.S. 3,467,035; filed Sept. 18, 1967; issued
Sept. 16, 1969. "
A home incinerator is adapted to result in
substantially complete combustion of garbage
and trash and to minimize the production of
smoke, fumes, and odors. The electric
incinerator has radiant resistance heating
elements disposed above the grate in the
path of the products of combustion. Spaced
walls surround at least a substantial portion
of the interior chamber with combustion air
traversing the space between the walls to cool
the outer wall of the incinerator while
heating the air before it readies the combustion
chamber. Initiation of combustion is by
supplying current to the electric resistance
heating elements and bringing them to a
condition in which they radiate heat to the
material to be. incinerated. Wet garbage is
dried by the radiant heat and then ignited.
The heating elements are disposed in a
baffle arrangement in the passage through
which flow products of combustion produced in
the combustion chamber. The escaping gases
receive heat by direct contact with the
radiant heating elements so that escape of
unburned gases is substantially eliminated.
Odorous gases may be cracked by the elevated
temperature to form simpler nonodorous
components.
US-0245
Pelletier, E. (Raymond Lee Organization,
Inc.), Incinerator. U.S. 3,485,190; filed
July 15, 1968; issued Dec. 23, 1969.
111
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Incineration
This forced draft incinerator burns waste
products completely prior to discharge to
the atmosphere. A vertical chimney passes
upward through a multistory building, and
each floor has an access door through which
waste can be thrown into the chimney. Waste
is caught by dampers which feed the flames
automatically, or manually. The fans, which
are located above the highest story, create a
forced upward draft. Electrical heating
elements are energized to completely burn
the incomplete products of combustion.
Trash and Foliage Burners
US-0246
Miles, R. T. Reversible trash incinerator.
U.S. 2,528,447; filed Aug. 1, 1947; issued
Oct. 31, 1950.
22
23
•21
An important objective of this trash incinerator
is to effect the efficient and complete
burning of trash with a minimum of residue and
sparks. The incinerator body is rotatably
mounted off the ground to permit trash to be
ignited at the top of the body prior to the
inversion of the body for burning from the
bottom. An imperforate cylinder forms the
body, each end of which has a movable grate.
A hood is mounted on the support means for
exhaust purposes (for use with either end of
the body).
US-0247
Gardner, F. W. Trash burner. U.S. 2,542,920;
filed Sept. 2, 1948; issued Feb. 20, 1951.

A trash burner is adapted to support and
retain refuse cans and debris. It comprises
a heavy wire frame witt1 latched doors on both
the side and top walls, and sits off the
ground slightly. For purposes of storing or
shipping, the device can be collapsed and
folded into a flat position.
US-0248
Remore, V. B. Incinerator with damper
controlled internal flue. U.S. 2,669,199;
filed Oct. 14, 1949; issued Feb. 16, 1954.

An incinerator of this type is adapted for
installation in parks, resorts, and picnic
grounds. This compact oil-burning gravity
fed incinerator will inexpensively burn most
trash. Ashes may be easily removed, the
112
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installation may be easily cleaned, and it
may be erected and dismounted without trouble.
The conical hood at the top may be swung open
for the deposit of trash into the body. Refuse
falls to the basket grate, being dried and
burned as it falls through flames passing through
holes of the flue.
US0249
Smith, E. F. (Midwest Metal Products Company),
Trash burner. U.S. 2,738,743; filed Mar. 21,
1952; issued Mar. 20, 1956.
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A portable incinerator of this design burns
trash and rubbish with improved combustion.
The device comprises an enclosed sheet metal
container holding a grate in the bottom
portion. The frustoconical cover portion has
a baffle and deflector member with numerous
holes in it. The entire device is of minimum
weight and bulk, is economical, and is extremely
durable in construction. Overheating and
smoke problems are obviated.
US-0250
Sharpe, P. S, (Coder Incinerator Corporation),
Incinerator construction. U.S. 2,838,016;
filed June 30, 1955; issued June 10, 1958.

An incinerator is comprised of a burning
chamber and a combustion chamber juxtaposed to
113
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Incineration
and in communication with it. A chimney is
placed over the burning chamber and also in
an exposed position for Loading. The burner
receptacle has a hinged cover on top; a peg
or pin at the bottom of the apparatus is
driven into the ground for support. Any form
or material can be used for the receptacle, but
this one is a basket-type wire apparatus.
When the receptacle is raised out of the
ground, a latch member springs into use to
secure it in an elevated position.
communication with it. There is a breeching
connection in communication with the combustion
chamber and the chimney. A refuse charging
device is positioned in the chimney, enabling
material to be incinerated to be dropped through
the chimney and accumulated in the burning
chamber. A lock on the chimney maintains the
refuse charging device in an openable or
locked condition. A movable damper is positioned
in the chimney for sealing the burning chamber
from the chimney during incineration. The
damper is rendered effective by a temperature
sensitive control device disposed in the
burning chamber. This device assumes the
sealing position between the burning chamber
and the chimney when the burning chamber
reaches a normal operating temperature.
17-
US 0251
Dwyer, W. M, Trash burners. U.S. 2,857,862;
filed Jan. 31, 1956; issued Oct. 28, 1958.

A concealed trash burner is sunk into the
ground, and has means to raise the burner to
US-0252
Stevenson, J. M. Open top incinerator, U.S.
2,915,025; filed Oct. 21, 1955; issued Dec. 1,
1959.

An incinerator has an open top which receives
trash and grass cuttings. Ashes may be
discharged through the air intake opening in
the bottom of the combustion chamber drum.
114
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The incinerator burns the material completely
without odors or sparks; a special air intake
system is arranged for air to cool the
combustion chamber and to be pre-heated to
promote better combustion after passing
passing through the refu.se, thereby
facilitating complete combustion.
through the intake. Around the bottom opening
of a cylindrical combustion chamber is an
asbestos pipe collar which holds refractory
material such as sand and which forms a hopper
converging at the top of the collar. A cone
above this sand hopper is filled with combustible
material and ignited; the ash products fall
into the sand hopper, through the collar to
the ground for discharge.
US-0253
Hance. E. A. Refuse incinerator insert for
containers. U.S. 3,259,084; filed July 29,
1963; issued July 5, 1966.

This device is designed to be fitted to the
interior of a hollow cylindrical container to
guide and support refuse during the burning
process. The compact insert is adaptable to
any hollow container and may be inserted without
special tools. It may be shipped flat, in kit
form, conveniently. By introducing paper or
wood chips around the insert prior to the
refuse, the latter may be quickly ignited;
hot ashes or embers are eliminated from
dropping below the bottom of the container,
too, thus reducing the fire hazard. The
wire mesh insert guides and controls air
US-0254
Campbell, 0. E. Trash burner. U.S. 3,259,085;
filed Aug. 2, 1963; issued July 5, 1966.

A rotatable trash burner for household or
commercial use in burning and disposal of
combustible refuse avoids the necessity of
r
prodding or stirring the fire. This receptacle,
a wire form burner for better circulation of
air, is suspended froii a support neans and
turns on a horizontal axis. An end cover
door is so hinged as to cause the burner to be
tilted upward to receive refuse and to open
in a downward direction when incombustibles
and ashes are to be dumped out. The
drum-shaped receptacle is manually turned by a
handle to insure free circulation of air
throughout.
115
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Incineration
US0255
McGinnis, G. E. (Westlnghouse Electric
Corporation), Incinerator device. U.S.
3,289,618; filed Dec. 16, 1963; issued Dec.
1966.
6,
An incinerator has an open top funnel-shaped
combustion chamber surmounted by an open
bottom trash bin. Trash stuffed in the bin is
compacted to an imporous plug which is held
from moving down by the slanting sides of the
funnel-shaped ceramic mass constituting sides
of the combustion chamber. The bottom face
of this imporous plug constitutes an upper
wall of the combustion chamber, and as this
becomes eroded and shrunken through combustion,
the plug gradually moves downward so that
this bottom face of the plug continually
occupies the same place as the plane of the
junction of the combustion chamber and the
trash bin, A firing chamber is constructed
and arranged to surround the funnel-shaped
combustion air pumped into it may be brought
up to a high temperature. Combustion air is
then led through orifices in the sides of the
combustion chamber to induce combustion of a
thin layer over the bottom face of the
imporous plug. The combustion process is
self-sustaining except for very wet plugs.
Consequently, the electrical heaters are
turned off after startup. The rate of
combustion can be regulated by a device so
that all combustion takes place and is
completed in the combustion chamber. At the
bottom of the funnel-shaped chamber a mouth
or chute is provided through which all the
products of combustion, both gaseous and ash
are exhausted. At the end of this chute,
the outflowing products of combustion
encounter an incoming stream of cooling
air in a mixing chamber. The hot
products thus mixed with the cooling air are
cooled to the point where they no longer
present a hazard as they issue forth from the
device. At this poin:, the diluted air
transporting the ash enters a labyrinth formed
by baffles provided by a removable ash tray so
that the ash is separated from the cooled
gases which are then directed to an exhaust
vent.
US-0256
Hillman, G. L. Portable leaf burning apparatus.
U.S. 3,329,108; filed July 12, 1965; issued
July 4, 1967.

A portable apparatus for burning leaves has a
U-shaped frame, the curved portions of which
sides of the combustion chamber, and this
houses electrical resistance heaters so that
are joined, the uprig.ht portions supporting a
wire mesh receptacle and lid. The device
provides for complete combustion of the
116
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organic material o^ foliage so that minimum
residual ash remains. It can be collapsed
into a flat position for easy storage.
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US-0257
Wagle, J. A. Incinerator. U.S. 3,330,232;
filed April 18, 1966; issued July 11, 1967.
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The incinerator featured is easily fabricated
from standard commercial cans or drums. An
upright can has a movable grate near the
bottom of the can; dumping of the can may be
effected by removing the ventilated ]id and
tilting the can. In a horizontal position,
the grate divides the combustion chamber (to
the top) from the ash chamber (to the bottom).
Smoke is easily conveyed out through openings
in the lid.
US-0258
Tolston, C. C. Combined trash burner and
barbecue pit. U.S. 3,354,848; filed June 17,
1965; issued Nov. 28, 1967.

A dual purpose apparatus is described which
has use as a trash burner and barbecue pit.
A cylindrical steel container, with a flat
bottom and convex top to a drain off moisture,
has both a fire grate and barbecue grate
within it. There is an inclined trash
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loading chute that leads into the container
above the fire grate. Three doors are
provided--one at the barbecue grate, one
above the fire grate, and an ash door below
the fire grate. One can tend the barbecue and
fire, as well as remove incombustible trash
using these doors. A smokestack is provided
which allows an adequate draft for burning
without expelling sparks or burning scraps
accidentally. The enclosed device may be
used safely even on a windy day and around
children.
US-0259
Lager, M. E., and R. J. Miller Smokeless yard
burner. U.S. 3,372,656; filed Oct. 23, 1965;
issued Mar. 12, 1968.

A burner for leaves and trash is
designed to be wheeled about a yard. An
117
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Incineration
electric blower Is provided for discharging
air along a line extending the full width of
the narrow-bottom hopperlike burning container.
Spaced above the line of air liberation, and
extending higher than the sides of the hopper,
is a duct member. It is composed of expanded
metal which insures free passage of the air
and products of combustion. The contents at
the opposite side of the duct are fully
exposed to the burning actions. Covers
can be closed to confine the exhaust to
pass up through the duct. Wet leaves can be
burned without smoke.
US-0260
Sailers, Y. T. Portable incinerator. U.S.
3,391,662; filed Feb. 16, 1967; issued July
9, 1968.
by a lawn mower. The incinerator is
positioned on a platform attached to a lawn
mower. Within the incinerator, nozzles are
located above and belcw the space where the
grass and leaves are discharged into the
furnace. Gas is supplied to the burners in
sufficient quantities to burn the green,
freshly cut leaves and grass.
US-0261
Heitz, C. T. Cover for trash burners. U.S.
3,403,64A; filed Nov. 22, 1966; issued Oct. 1,
1968.

This cover for trash burners has an outer
peripheral frame and a central screen secured
to the frame. The frame can be engaged with
or removed from the trash burner container.
The frame has an inward and upward directed
flange member to which the screen is secured.
The screen is secured to the frame in an arched
position, creating a dome, for increased
24 ,10

18 16 20
This portable incinerator burns the leaves,
grass, and other material cut and picked up
structural rigidity and stability. The dome
shape is maintained by compressed engagement
of the peripheral edge of the screen in the
pocket formed at the junction between the body
portion and the flange. The domed configuration
facilitates the use of rather lightweight
wire mesh, and yet provides a rigid structure.
The cover is simplified in construction and
inexpensive to manufacture.
118
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US 0262
Phillips, H. E. Refuse burning device. U.S.
3,428,004; filed Nov. 9, 1966; issued Feb. 18,
1969.

A refuse burning device is provided upon
which trash, leaves, and other combustibles
can be burned without damage to grass or
pavements. It consists of two sheets hingedly
connected together so as to be able to be
laid flat as a single sheet and to be folded
into a size smaller than a single sheet. Each
sheet has a fire and heat resistant surface
-6c

26
66
26
-12
—2
upon which trash and leaves can be positioned
and burned. The sheets are bounded by a
peiipheral ridge which functions to help to
retain the trash and leaves. The height of
the ridge, however, does allow leaves and
trash to be raked onto the fire and heat
resistant surface.
the material to smolder, smoke or smell to any
extent or for extended periods of time.
ife
11
Jj
Industrial Waste
US 0263
Fisher, W. M. Refuse burner apparatus,
3,460,490; filed Sept. 28, 1967; issued
Aug. 12, 1969.
U.S.
A refuse burning apparatus has a cylindrical
burner portion and a removable pyramid cover
mounted above the burner portion and
having a hole in the top. The burner portion
may be enclosed in a rectangularly shaped body,
and at least one of the panels of the body
is provided with an opening near the bottom
for combustion air. It is so constructed
that it will direct the draft to obtain
effective combustion of the refuse material
and to consume most of the smoke, and will
handle wet and damp materials without causing
US 0264
Lewers, T. R., and G. Cairns (T. R. Lewers, G.
Cairns, and G. S. Pettapiece), Burner unit.
U.S. 2,367,590; filed June 18, 1942, issued
Jan. 16, 1945.

This burner unit is designed to burn sawdust
and may be used in connection with ranges,
water heaters, and domestic and industrial
furnaces. No soot, creosote or other by-products
clog the pipes with this device. The burner
unit communicates with the combustion chamber
of a heating device, using a hopper for
directing the fuel. An inclined grate beneath
the hopper in the burner unit receives fuel;
air is supplied to the grate whereby fuel is
very quickly burned. Supporting devices with
numerous openings lie between the hopper and
119
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Incineration
grate. When fuel on the grate Is burned, it
heats fuel on supporting devices to form a gas
which is ignited by the flame of the burning
fuel.
<*§?*
US-0265
Boughman, G. A. (Boughman Machine Company),
Wood waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,496,146;
filed Nov. 14, 1946; issued Jan. 31, 1950.
An apparatus handles shavings and other waste
products from woodworking machines. Wood
shavings arc stored in a storage bin which is
provided with a screw conveyor in its lower
end. This conveyor moves the shavings out of
the bin. Several stirring arms are located
just above the conveyor to stir the shavings
and prevent their conveyance in large lumps.
From the conveyor, waste Is received in the
fire box of a furnace by suction and blowing
means. The suction blower fan has a discharge
conduit leading to the furnace. Air currents
set up eliminate the need for a cyclone or
centrifugal separating apparatus in the
discharge conduit of the furnace.
US-0260
Polk, W. C. Corncob burner. U.S. 2,666,403;
filed July 13, 1951; issued Jan. 19, 1954.

With an improved corncob burner, extremely rapid
combustion is completed at a lower temperature,
due to a blanket of outside cooling air
indrawn through wall openings. A hollow,
vertical, open-topped incinerator is provided
with a forced draft burner tuyere grate in the
center. Material to be burned is supplied
to the center of the incinerator, is burned
almost immediately, and the slag is deposited
on the floor for easy removal. Smoke and
obnoxious gases are virtually eliminated.
US-0267
Atteberry, C. Burner for incinerating cotton
gin waste. U.S. 2,702,013; filed April 20, 1951;
issued Feb. 15, 1955.

A burner for the destruction of cotton gin
wastes has an apparatus provided to feed fuel
to the burner through the bottom (underfeed)
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to avoid smothering effects encountered on
conventional burners. Air is circulated
spirally up through the burner and is
continually provided to increase burn efficiency.
There are two portions in the entire burner unit:
the tin refuse fuel conditioner and supplier
and the burner proper, joined by a hopper and
two conveyors. Cotton burrs and gin trash
are placed in the first portion where they
are passed through a tumbler to remove
non-combustible materials. This material
then goes to the burner through the
conveyor-hopper device. The burner proper is
composed of a base section, combustion chamber,
hood, and stack. Fuel passes over stationary
air grates in the burner, and primary ignition
occurs. The burning fuel spreads into the
burner bowl and onto revolving grates in the
bottom, where combustion is more or less
completed. Ashes can be moved out through an
ash chute to a suitable receptacle outside the
burner.
this device. Forced draft means for supplying
air for combustion are provided, as well as
cold air means to cool and arrest sparks. The
structure is cylindrical in shape and about
forty ft high, the upper portion a stack.
Waste is fed into the lower end of the combustion
chamber through a cyclone separator, such as
commonly used around sawmills and woodworking
-IT-
shops. Air for combustion is provided through
various openings, and as hot gases and sparks
float upward, cold air is induced into the
stack and comes in contact with such sparks to
cool them.
US-0268
Douglass, E. T. Apparatus for burning wood
refuse. U.S. 2,804,031; filed Dec. H, 1953;
issued Aug. 27, 1957.

Relatively light combustible waste, such as
that formed around cotton mills, saw mills,
and woodworking shops, can be incinerated by
US-0269
Miller, E, C., C. A. Stone, and H. Hansen
(Riley Stoker Corporation), Apparatus for
burning refuse fuel. U.S. 2,925,055; filed
July 11, 1955; issued Feb. 16, 1960.

This apparatus is designed to produce steam
by burning bark and other wood wastes. The
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Incineration
raw bark, sometimes vet and containing much
foreign matter, is burned in this unit, which
is used in conjunction with a steam generating
unit. The heat release necessary to generate
a certain amount of steam is constantly
maintained, regardless of refuse fuel
fluctuations. Refuse fuel, such as bark enters
and is distributed to the furnace combustion
chamber through various ducts. Heavy refuse
fuel not immediately ignited is evenly
distributed on a bottom grate to insure
efficient combustion. Occasionally, coal may
be used to supplement refuse fuel when there
is not enough of the latter to maintain the
desired production of steam.
logs by heating the canbium layer of frozen
wood to 180 F.
IT-
US-0270
Montgomery, W. T. S. (Jacksonville Blow Pipe
Company), Incinerator. U.S. 3,163,133; filed
June 29, 1960; issued Dec. 29, 1964.

Wood wastes from industrial plants can be
handled by this device by conveying them in
on a stream of moving air to a combustion
chamber. Corrugated inner walls are necessary
to provide increased suspension burning. A
novel sand trap automatically clears sand from
the combustion chamber bottom. In this
incinerator, bark with a moisture content of
up to 50 percent may be burned. Such complete
combustion takes place that ashes never have
to be cleaned out. The incinerator may be
used under a water tube boiler to salvage
maximum full value out of burning material.
Other uses include the thermal de-barking of
US-0271
Biddle, R. S. (The Babcock and Wilcox Company),
Apparatus for burning waste fuel. U.S.
3,327,660, filed July 1, 1964; issued June 27,
1967.

An apparatus can be used for burning solid
particulate organic waste material having a
50 to 70 percent moisture content. The
recovery of heat from th = combustion process
is achieved. Waste coff=e grounds produced
in the manufacture of instant coffee need to
be disposed of as do other organic wastes
laden with liquid. No air heating equipment
is needed; moisture-laden wastes are burned in
an upright refractory-lined fluidized bed
reactor. A bed of fluid.Lzed inert solid
refractory particles is naintained in the
lower portion of the reactor. Particulate
122
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solid fuel is supplied in suspension in a
stream of primary air under positive pressure
to the reactor bed so as to mix with inert
refractory particles. Secondary combustion
air is supplied throughout the bottom of the
bed, passing upward to create a uniform
temperature, fluidized mass of mixed material,
combustible component is dispersed in a stream
of primary air which moves upward into the
base of a vertical cylindrical elongated space.
The height of this space is five times its
diameter. Combustion of the combustibles of
the air-borne dispersed waste is initiated
immediately upon its entry into the space to
form a burning aeroform stream. To insure a
predetermined retention time of the burning
stream in the space, the progress of the
burning aeroform stream through the space is
controlled. A mantle of secondary air protects
the refractory walls from impingement of
waste material. This secondary air is
eventually used for completing (in the uppermost
part of the space) the pyro-decomposition of
the waste material and its conversion into a
gaseous reaction product free from smoke, odor,
and visible ash.
and burning fuel throughout the bed. Combined
primary and secondary combustion air are about
equal to the stoichiometric quantity of air
required to burn fuel. Recovery of heat from
gaseous combustion products is effected.
US-0272
Brophy, J. W. (Prenoc Manufacturing Company),
Incineration of industrial waste, and apparatus.
U.S. 3,357,375; filed Aug. 17, 1965; issued
Dec. 12, 1967.

In the pyro-decomposition of industrial wastes,
fluidized waste material containing a
US-0273
Lowe, J. C. (Broadway Research and Development
Corporation), Method and apparatus for
incinerating waste material. U.S.
3,362,360 filed Dec. 5, 1966; issued Jan. 9,
1968.

Waste combustibles are disposed of in a
liquid by this method. The wastes are
atomized at the upper end of a closely confined
path within a vertical tube, while hot
combustion gases rise countercurrently from a
burner at the bottom of a combustion chamber.
These gases are hot enough to flash the
liquid into vapor and contain enough free oxygen
to burn the combustible waste content of the
liquid solution. The liquid wastes incinerated
123
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Incineration
do not contain more than 10 percent combustible
matter by weight.
US-0274
Jung, R. (L. and C. Steinmuller G.m.b.H.),
Method of and furnace for burning fine
granular substances in moist condition. U.S.
3,373,704; filed May 9, 1966; issued Mar. 19,
1968.

This furnace is designed for burning fine
granular substances in a moist condition.
Waste liquor is passed into the combustion
chamber through several atomizing nozzles
extending through the front and side walls.
The combustion air is directed at an acute
angle toward the front or rear walls in a
downward direction. A back and upward flow
area of the combustion flow is created. The
wet fine granular substance is injected into
the lower end of the back and upward flow area
of the combustion air flow. The liquor
component will completely burn out within the
chamber.
US-0275
Mandelbaum, H., and L. S. Wegman. Burning
apparatus. U.S. 3,392,690; filed Mar. 29, 1967;
issued July 16, 1968.

This furnace burns driftwood and other debris
where there is a good supply of water. The
2S 22
refuse is burned in an open top furnace. A
spray of water is directed under pressure across
the top of the furnace to act as a shield to
124
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prevent ash from discharging into the
atmosphere. The water is trapped within a
basin and the fly ash is mechanically
separated from it.
of the bed prevents blocking and circulates
the solid components. Moist combustible
material is fed into the apparatus so that it
contacts the bed, and the required temperature
is maintained by injecting a stream of
heat-supplying material into the bed as needed.
The residual ash is withdrawn. The apparatus
331
315
features a drying section which communicates
with the incinerating bed, the liquid being
separated from the moist combustible material
by filtering means disposed along the extension
of the lateral periphery and above the drying
bed.
US-0276
Shirai, T. Method for incinerating moist
materials and an apparatus therefor. U.S.
3,411,465; filed Feb. 23, 1967; issued Nov. 19,
1968.

The apparatus utilized for the incineration
contains a fluidized bed which consists of solid
particles having a melting point higher than
the temperature at which the moist material can
be incinerated, a gas distributor plate located
at the bottom of this bed, and a stirrer located
above the plate and mounted on a shaft extending
downward. The method comprises the introduction
of an upwardly flowing stream of fluidizing
and combustion gas at a relatively low
temperature through the gas distributor plate,
thereby maintaining the partic]es in a fluidized
state. Gentle stirring in the bottom portion
US-0277
Perry, R. E., and G. J. Perry (R. E. Perry),
Method and apparatus for burning automobile
bodies and other waste materials. U.S.
3,412,985; filed May 23, 1966; issued Nov. 26,
1968.
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Incineration
This scrap recovery process incinerates old
automobile bodies through the utilization of
a system which reduces resultant air pollution
to a minimum. Scrap vehicles move into a
burning chamber along a channelled base. The
bodies, which are arranged side by side,
advance in a row so that the rearmost body
in the chamber falls into a discharge chute.
Hot gases are directed at the junked autos

from burning units located in a row along the
entire length of the combustion chamber. Both
conventional and jet burners are operated at
superatmospheric pressure. The exhaust gases
emitted from the primary combustion chamber
are piped to a second chamber. There, the
gases are burned to achieve complete
combustion, and, once the gases are
subjected to a final washing operation, they
are allowed to pass into the atmosphere.
US-0278
Test, R. L., H. R. Baker, and R. G. Nebelung
(United States of America repr. by the
Secretary of the Navy), Waste chemical disposal
apparatus and process. U.S. 3,457,881; filed
Dec. 1, 1967; issued July 29, 1969.
Solid, liquid, and gaseous chemical waste
from laboratories is disposed of by incineration.
The waste disposal apparatus consists of
crushers to grind and receivers to collect
solid and liquid waste material, an incinerator
to burn the material, A secondary incinerator
to reduce soot in the combustion gases, a
means of neutralizing acidic combustion
compounds, a scrubber to remove entrained and
soluble material from :he combustion gases and
a stack to further reduce contamination. All
waste process water is treated in a liquid
effluent and neutralized before discharge to
the sewer. The entire system is provided
with safety devices to prevent injury in case
of explosion.
US-02/s
Moushegian, H., and A. L. St. Cyr (Clean Air
Controls, Inc.), After burner type incinerator.
U.S. 3,482,532; filed Mar. 4, 1968, issued Dec. 9,
1969.
51-
1—FI rf~~t\ -- -5<-
nf^o*
126
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This incinerator burns refuse which may be of
the type generated at a hospital, factory,
refreshment stand, etc. such as plastic coated
receptacles, garbage, paper. Refuse is
consumed in a primary combustion chamber where
the rate of consumption is controlled through
the use of an air blower. Smoke, then, passes
into a secondary chamber, which is located in
a vertical smoke stack for final reduction to a
smokeless, and odorless, gas. 7'he primary
and secondary combustion chambers operate
simultaneously, and both are fed preheated air.
US-0280
Whitman, J. E. Apparatus and method for
handling and burning a finely comminuted solid.
U.S. 3,482,534; filed Feb. 13, 1969; issued
Dec. 9, 1969.

This apparatus burns finely comminuted
combustible cellulose base material such as
wood or paper. The fine particles of solid
are mixed with air so that the resultant
mixture can be conveyed safely in a tube. A
combustion chamber receives the mixture and
complete reduction of the waste occurs. The
furnace maintains a uniform temperature
irrespective of, and independent from, the
production rate of sander dust in the manufacture
process. Heat produced during the combustion
process can be utilized to produce the steam
needed for plywood manufacture.
US-0281
Boll, C. H., and R. P. Lanyon (Solvents
Recovery Service of New Jersey, Inc.),
Apparatus for burning industrial wastes. U.S.
3,483,832; filed Apr. 16, 1968; issued Dec. 16,
1969.

This furnace burns any type of industrial waste
material with reduced pollution of the
atmosphere. The combustion chamber has
vertical side walls, an open top and an
inclined hearth at the bottom. A number of
nozzles placed across the top of one side wall
direct high velocity air into the combustion
chamber. The surface area of the material
being incinerated is a critical factor in
obtaining smokeless and odor free combustion.
By controlling the rate of feeding of waste
material, which is accomplished by the inclined
? / "
l^rMTT f*~
bottom, this furnace regulates the surface area
of the material to be burned. The higher the
level of the material being incinerated on
the hearth, the greater is the exposed surface
area. Conversely, the lower the surface level,
the narrower is the exposed surface area of
the waste material. This incinerator can be
operated with reduced fuel consumption.
Municipal—
US0282
Sharpe, H. W. Garbage incinerator. U.S. 2,384,496;
filed Dec. 29, 1941; issued Sept. 11, 1945.

The incinerator embodied may be built for portable
use, or be stationary for use in city plants
of necessarily high capacity. Partition walls
inside the incinerator divide the structure
127
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Incineration
into a combustion chamber, downdraft flue, and
chimney flue. The combustion chamber is
equipptd with a grate and ash pit below;
plates are arranged in a stepped-up series in
front of the grate, upon which fresh wet
conical configuration in the center so refuse
placed around it forms a shallow ]ayer instead
of a solid pile. A preheated current of air
may be passed through this configuration for
garbage is deposited for dehydration prior to
ignition. The structure is virtually
smokeless and projects no sparks from the
chimney while burning.
US 0283
Nichols, C. W. Incinerating apparatus. U.S.
2,402,436; filed April 5, 1945; issued June 18,
1946.

An incineration apparatus is provided for
burning municipal waste. Large quantities of
wet refuse can be dried and burned in this
device, even if the material has highly
irregular characteristics. The invention
seeks to eliminate problems of wastes clumping
in a wet pile when stacked on a horizontal
hearth by providing a non-horizontal, inclined
surface hearth. The hearth has a raised
uniform drying. A rotatable stoker i's used
to deflect material out from the center to
the surrounding grate portions.
US 0284
Vincent, J. C. Garbage incinerator. U.S.
2,544,369; filed Feb. 15, 1946; issued Mar. 6,
1951.

An incinerator provides efficient disposal of
material with a high moisture content while
maintaining a high temperature. The fire is
maintained by fuel such as coal, and the
products of combustion (from the refuse) are
used to heat the air supplying the fire to
maintain the high temperature. The structure
itself is composed oi a chamber with a front
loading and rear combustion portion. Garbage
enters the front chamber portion after a fire
has been built, then receives a further charge
of fuel on top of it. Gases derived from
this burning pass to the rear or combustion
portion of the chamber where final combustion
of the gases is completed. Furnace temperature
is maintained effectively at about 1,400 F
here and effects a saving of fuel to consume
128
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garbage. Garbage and refuse is reduced to
mineral ash with no objectionable odors or
products given off, thus eliminating disease
hazards.
US-0285
Brandt, J. B., H. J. Kelly, and J. J. Burns.
Mobile incinerator. U.S. 2,601,657; filed
May 23, 1950; issued June 24, 1952.

This mobile incinerator comprises a combustion
chamber on the forward end of a garbage dump
truck. There is a fuel tank on the truck, and
a conduit from this tank leads to an oil burner
operatively associated with combustion chamber.
There is an ash pit below the chamber. A dump
body is separate from the burner and
combustion chamber and is mounted on the truck
to the rear. This dump body has a storage
chamber in it, and a hopper at the rear. A
dehydrating chamber is located on the truck
between the hopper and the combustion chamber.
A conveyor in the dump body extends forward
from the lower end of the hopper through the
dehydrating chamber. The refuse carried by
the conveyor is directed either to the
combustion chamber or to the storage chamber
on the dump truck body. The truck body has a
passageway inside for carrying heat from the
combustion chamber to the dehydrating chamber
to dehydrating chamber to dehydrate refuse
during its movement in the passage.
•"3
US0286
Knipe, L. T., and R. W. Martin (Simplex
Incinerator Corporation) , Garbage incinerator.
U.S. 2,698,587; filed July 18, 1950; issued
Jan. 4, 1955.

Unsegregated garbage, containing noncombustible
(tin cans), moisture-laden material, and
combustibles (paper) may be burned together in
this incinerator. The incinerator burns
without the addition of fuel oil, the necessary
heat for incineration being derived from
combustibles in the garbage. The combination
of a low draft and high temperatures reduces
the smoke and odor arising from this
incinerator. A conveyor carries garbage from
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Incineration
the outside pit to the inside of the
incinerator. The bottom of the incineration
chamber is covered by a grate and garbage is
delivered around it to a certain level. After
initial ignition, garbage is delivered in
regulated amounts to maintain the desired
burning level. The incinerator burns at about
1,700 F consistently.
US-0287
Reynolds, C. C. Incinerator. U.S. 2,759,440;
filed Mar. 2, 1953; issued Aug. 21, 1956.
An improved incinerator has numerous walls,
with passages between the walls. The outer
incinerator wall has two or more layers of
tile or concrete blocks with vertical passages
between. The outer wall also has a series of
lateral openings which communicate with the
vertical passages between the wall; air may
rise up through the ends of the vertical walls
to prevent excessive heating of the walls.
US-0288
Sherman, R. M. (The Silent Glow Oil Burner
Corporation), Incinerators. U.S. 2,869,487;
filed Aug. 25, 1955; issued Jan. 20, 1959.

This low-stack incinerator is designed for
installation in public parks, airports, and
the like, where a high smoke stack is not
D
81
desirable. Fly-ash discharge is absent, so
the apparatus is virtually smokeless and
130
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odorless. Refuse and putrescible garbage tray
both be consumed in this invention. A fluid
fuel burner, such as an oil burner, may be
used to initially heat up a cold incinerator,
creating a draft up the stack and igniting the
charge on the grate. For dry refuse, this
operation only lasts a short time, because the
trash continues to burn by itself. Wet
refuse must be dried up by this burner prior
to ignition, so the burner operates longer.
Also, the hot burner flame will consume all
odorous gases prior to discharge.
US-0289
Royer, L. A. Incinerator. U.S. 2,882,842;
filed June 22, 1954; issued Apr. 21, 1959.

This incinerator is portable in construction,
having a mobile supporting frame holding a
pivotally-mounted housing with a portion for
burning trash and a portion for strong
unburnable trash. The incinerator is in the
form of a trailer which can be pulled up to
another vehicle, and utilizes means for
dumping trash and ashes from a rear end opening
when the trailer is tilted. It is simple in
construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and
extremely versatile in operation.
US-0290
Purdy, E. H. Garbage disposal apparatus.
2,977,903; filed Aug. 7, 1958; issued Apr.
1961.
U.S.
4,
A mobile apparatus provides for the disposal of
garbage by burning as it is loaded. A motor
driven vehicle, such as a truck, has means for
receiving and conveying garbage to an
incinerating chamber. A rear platform on the
vehicle with an open top receptacle receives
131
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Incineration
the garbage, and has a spiral screw for
conveying garbage to a hopper, which in turn
feeds it to an incinerating chamber. Crushing
/at
iz—
rollers inside the incinerating chamber crush
incoming garbage prior to incineration.
US-0291
Brandt, J. B., M. A. Noel, H. J. Kelly, and
J. J. Burns (Mobile Incinerators, Inc.),
Mobile incinerator. U.S. 2,985,120; filed
Feb. 3, 1958; issued May 23, 1961.
rv- >
A mobile incinerator of this type may be
driven from house to house to collect, pulverize,
and burn garbage. Ashes resulting from the
reduced material may be stored until removed
at the day's end. Combined conveyor and
crusher rolls reduce the garbage to combustible
size and transfer it to a vibrating grate in
a primary combustion chamber. A secondary
combustion chamber is provided, as well as a
process of forced draft and water bath
treatment for cleaning, the smoke so there will
be no visible form of odor. The entire
system is compact, lig.htweight, and operates
efficiently.
US-0292
Coleman, J. D. Refuse and disposal apparatus.
U.S. 2,997,007; filed June 22, 1959; issued
Aug. 22, 1961.

A mobile incinerator unit comprises a truck
chassis and a refractory lined, cylindrical
combustion chamber, the combustion chamber
is mounted so that it can be tilted forward
and downward. There is a grate in the
combustion chamber inclined forward and
downward, and having a vibrating mechanism.
There is a discharge opening at the front: end
of the chamber, adjacent to the forward end
of the grate, through which ash and
incombustibles are discharged. Refuse is
charged onto the grate through an inlet at
the rear end of the combustion chamber above
the grate. A burner situated below the grate
ignites the refuse, and a blower at the same
end produces a forced draft through the grate.
A baffle at the front end of the chamber is
inclined down and to the rear toward the
forward end of the grate to prevent unburned
refuse from falling directly through the
discharge opening. There is a baffle spaced
from the top of the combustion chamber, with
a gas discharge opening in the top behind the
baffle. A cooler is disposed on the top of
the combustion chamber which has at its rear
end an inlet from the atmosphere. A conductor
connects the cooler to the hot gas discharge
opening, this conductor extending from the
front end of the cooler to an induction fan.
There is a filter in the conductor between
the cooler and the induction fan. There is
a hood on the chassis, the top of which is
spaced from the combustion chamber and
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cooler and containing a number of vent
openings. There is a conductor connected to
the discharge side of the induction fan from
which a number of ducts extend, these ducts
being connected to the vents in the top of
the hood.
US-0293
Zinn, R. E., and T. J. Lamb (Arthur D. Little,
Inc.), Municipal incinerator. U.S. 3,267,890;
filed Apr. 19, 1963; issued Aug. 23, 1966.
Municipal requirements of economy, efficiency,
health, and flexibility are all met in this
incinerator. Combustion of both solid and
volatile materials, as well as city refuse,
can be effected. One or more horizontal,
cylindrical primary combustion chambers for
burning solids is provided. Also one or
more secondary chambers are provided to burn
volatiles and lightweight solids. Means are
provided for preheating combustion air and
for removing unburned solids without
interrupting the combustion process or
discharging contaminants into the surrounding
air. The chambers are so designed as to
require only inexpensive firebrick linings,
not thermal insulation.
US-0294
Scholer, F. (Goodrid Incinerator Company
Pty. Limited), Incinerators or the like. U.S.
3,295,479; filed July 31, 1964; issued Jan. 3,
1967.
The large scale disposal of refuse can be
effected with thin incinerator. Refuse can
be loaded from a truck or conveyor into the
incinerator which has one or more firing cells
and a loading chute adapted to receive material.
Tapered air inlets in the device direct
incoming high velocity streams of air to all
parts of the load to be burned. Where the
incinerator has two firing cells, it is
desirable that the loading chute has a divider
in the center to insure even distribution of
material between the two compartments. The
self-stoking action allows for a flexible
load limit, except that imposed by dimensions.
US-0295
Boyd, J. A., and D. E. Boyd. Method and
apparatus for incinerating refuse material.
U.S. 3,307,507; filed June 1, 1965; is = "°-'
Mar. 7, 1967.

A mobile incinerator is capable of completely
burning refuse material so as to avoid odors
133
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Incineration
and excessive smoke. A method of burning and
filtering combustible components contained
within an exhaust gas flow is provided. In the
combustion process, the steps of burning,
cooling exhaust gases, re-burning the gases,
Cooled gases pass through a water spray which
removes fly ash and effects further cooling.
and moving them over a liquid removes nearly
all solid materials before discharge into the
atmosphere. Primary and secondary chambers
are provided; combustible material is
deposited into the primary chamber and burnt;
resulting gas streams are directed into the
secondary chamber for further burning. Gases
are then directed down over a liquid bath to
remove any odors or fly-ash before exhausting
them into the atmosphere.
US 0296
Jacobs, J. H. Incinerator for refuse material.
U.S. 3,310,009; filed Mar. 5, 1964; issued
Mar. 21, 1967.

An incinerator of this type handles combustible
materials without emitting pollutants, odors,
or smoke. Combustion air is drawn into staged
combustion zones of a furnace. Means are
provided for withdrawing combustion products
from the zones in such a way as to effect
complete volatilization in the first zone and
complete combustion of the volatized materials
in a second zone. An apparatus for controlling
gas flow through a closed loop combustion system
to preclude emission is provided. Combustibles
are continuously fed into a low temperature
zone for volatilization; products then are
completely burned in a second high temperature
zone prior to passing to a cooling zone.
13
US0297
McLendon, H. B. Combustion device construction.
U.S. 3,352,345; filed Sept. 9, 1964; issued
Nov. 14, 1967.
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A combustion device is constructed of sheet
metal with combustion occurring in the central
part of a chamber, insulation being provided
by cool air swirling through from side wall
openings. A fuel supply and ignition assembly
is featured too, including an igniter element
in the air layer and a fuel-introducing means
in conjunction with it.
US-0298
Crowe, W. W. Garbage destroyer. U.S. 3,353,508;
filed Aug. 19, 1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967.
134
-------
A garbage destroyer eliminates garbage with
minimum heat, is economically constructed, and
operates without generating smoke or heat. A
combustion chamber has a truncated conical
lower portion which funnels material to be
burned to a round grate which surrounds a
dehydration and ignition unit. The latter unit
extends up through the center of the grate for
-78
-79
even heat transmittal above and below the
garbage. A flat heating element is located
above the ignition unit which heats gases
given off in burning so as to destroy the gases
and particles prior to their entrance to the
atmosphere. The device is particularly
useful in rural areas, operated on a scheduled
basis.
US 0299
Clement, R. E., and E. T. Knox (E. T. Knox),
Incinerator. U.S. 3,354,847; filed Aug. 1,
1966; issued Nov. 28, 1967.

An improved municipal incinerator is loaded by
dumping refuse into a hopper which when loaded
is swung upward to dump the load into the
combustion chamber. The rubbish is then
ignited and air is supplied by blowers through
delivery tubes and floor nozzles. Use of the
floor nozzles eliminates the need for grates
to support the refuse. The rising smoke and
fly ash are drawn through a fly ash
separator by a mechanical draft inducer.
The fly ash which is removed is injected back
into the combustion chamber for further
reduction. The remaining gaseous discharge is
driven from the chamber by the inducer. A
guilotine-type door opens to dump the
residue from the combustion chamber onto a
conveyor.
US-0300
Reusser, P. U. Method and device for burning
sludges and waste materials. U.S. 3,369,505;
filed May 24, 1966; issued Feb. 20, 1968.

A shaft turnace is provided for the combustion
of rubbish and biological sludge and includes
a removable top opening. Through this
opening is mounted a movable lance member for
conducting air downward into the burning
waste material. A mixture of rubbish, sludge,
and additives such as slag are charged into
the furnace from the top. The shaft is
heated before the charge and the charge is
arranged so that the uppermost layer in the
135
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Incineration
furnace consists of combustible waste. The
movable lance member directs air into the
material at a desired location to insure
proper continuous combustion. By the
provision of the movable lance, it is possible
to construct the furnace of varying shapes
because shape is not critical due to the
fact that air can be supplied to all locations.
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The furnace may include a lower grate which is
shiftable into and out of the furnace. It has
means for directing air through the grate
elements to all locations over the furnace
cross section.
US-0301
Engdahl, R. B., H. R. Hazard, and G. M. Hein
(Battelle Memorial Institute), Mobile
incinerator. U.S. 3,371,629; filed Nov. 18,
1964; issued Mar. 5, 1968.

This mobile incinerator receives and burns
refuse as the apparatus moves along a road or
street. A high combustion temperature is
needed to burn moist g.arbage so the apparatus
is constructed of lightweight material to
withstand such temperatures. Major components
within include a charging (loading) mechanism,
a combustion chamber, residue storage facilities,
a fly-ash collector, and auxiliary equipment.
Refuse is loaded into a rear hopper, elevated
to a storage chamber, and moved by a grate to
the combustion chamber. Unburnable material
is dropped into a residue storage compartment
under the combustion chamber. Disposal
problems are minimized due to the weight-volume
reduction of the refuse. Smoke and odor are
eliminated and collection and disposal can be
doubled in volume by this method.
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136
-------
US-0302
leatham, E., W. W. Campbell, and C. E. Rossi
(Harbison-Walker Refractories Company), Shaft
kiln and method operation. U.S. 3,372,914;
filed May 5, 1966; issued Mar. 12, 1968.

This shaft kiln has an apparatus for handling
exhaust fumes during its normal operation.
The kiln consists of a long, narrow, hollow
column with openings at the top and bottom
through which raw materials may be passed to
be burned. Raw material is charged at the
top of the shaft and passes progressively
downward through preheating, burnirg, and
cooling zones. Air for combustion and heat
transfer is introduced at the bottom of the
kiln and passes upward through the kilns. A
charging apparatus comprises a hopper converging
to a narrow section which enters the shaft kiln
opening. A cooling chamber surrounds the
hopper and cooling air is circulated through
it. An exhaust hood surrounds the cooling
chamber and hopper. When a hang up is
collapsed, the upward surge of flue gases,
glowing dust, and particles are primarily
released through the cooling chamber. The
heavier particles lose their velocity while in
the cooling chamber and fall back into the
shaft kiln. The larger particles which enter
the hood cannot enter the duct work because of
the angle between the hood and duct work.
US-0303
Papp, A. M., and L. P. Hine (American Gas
Association, Inc.), Grease incinerator.
U.S. 3,375,081; filed June 17, 1965; issued
Mar. 26, 1968.

A grease incinerator is designed for the
disposal of cooking grease in restaurants.
Incinerator is contained within a closed
sheet metal housing and has both inlet and
outlet openings. Baffles and ducts are
provided to convey grease vapors to the outlet,
The
these devices forming a toroidal chamber
within the housing. It has been proved that
a heated surface interposed in the path of
flow of grease vapors will incinerate and
vaporize the particles. A non-greasy vapor
is formed and the plating of grease on vent
surfaces is prevented. In this invention,
the inner wall of the toroidal chamber is a
heated cylindrical surface so grease particles
in the vapor will be incinerated on the surface
and pass through the outlet in nongreasy form.
A power fan or blower channels the flow of
vapors through the chamber.
US-0304
Ritchie, C. I., and J. A. Karpac (Bangor
Punta Operations, Inc.), Fluid bed furnace and
the like. U.S. 3,397,873; filed Nov. 20, 1964;
issued Aug. 20, 1968.

A fluid bed furnace for treating articles
immersed in it consists of an outer casing.
A vessel is adapted to contain a bed of finely
divided solid material mounted within and
insulated from the casing and defining a
combustion chamber. A burner communicates
with the combustion chamber for heating the
finely divided solid material; and a first
exhaust passage connects with an exhaust stack
outside of the furnace for exhausting the
products of combustion. A second exhaust
passage separate and radially inward from the
first exhaust passage exhausts the fluidizing
137
-------
Incineration
medium and the fumes resulting from the heating
of the articles. A partition with openings
provides controlled communication between the
first and second exhaust passage for
the main combustion chamber. To assist
combustion in the secondary combustion zone,
the incinerator is supplied with a plenum! box
which selectively supplies air to the two burning
zones.
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commingling the products of combustion and
the fumes, which enhances the incineration of
such fumes.
US-0305
Flowers, G. H. (Waste Combustion Corporation),
Incinerator. U.S. 3,403,645; filed Jan. 31,
1967; issued Oct. 1 , 1968.

This incinerator eliminates or substantially
reduces the emission of obnoxious and polluting
waste products of combustion. The incinerator
has a smoke stack of minimum height and simple
design. The incinerator has a main combustion
chamber and is provided with an exhaust system
for exhaust gases. The exhaust system utilizes
a secondary burning zone which is in an
upward inclined area, rather than in a vertical
direction, within a smoke stack. The secondary
burning zone is arranged to give impetus to
the exhaust gases leaving the main combustion
chamber of the incinerator. A conduit leads
from the primary combustion chamber to the
stack. The secondary burning zone is located
outside the area of the conduit so as to
provide no obstruction to the exhaust gases in
their flow from the main combustion chamber.
The incinerator has a manifold surrounding its
lower portion to provide air under pressure
to the main combustion chamber. This assists
in supporting combustion in the main combustion
chamber. The auxiliary pressure burner for the
main combustion chamber may be utilized to
initiate combustion or assist combustion in
US-0306
Maitilasso, A. J. (Dinosaur Reduction
Chamber, Inc.), Process and apparatus for the
incineration of refuse. U.S. 3,408,967; filed
July 22, 1966; issued Nov. 5, 1968.

This incinerator utilizes a two-stage
combustion process for the burning of municipal
refuse. Refuse is charged into the primary
combustion zone where it is mixed with a
forced air stream and ignited. Self-combustion
of the refuse is maintained at a temperature in
the range of from 900 to 1,150 F until at
least a 50 percent reduction in the solid's
volume occurs. Then, the refuse is transferred
to an enclosed zone in rfhich incineration is
completed under forced combustion at a
138
-------
temperature above 1,600 F. The cylindrical
all-metalic construction of this incinerator
forms an inclined conduit through which a
refuse-carrying grate passes.
US-0307
Ehrenzeller, W. S., and D. H. Call (American
Design and Construction Corporation),
Incinerator. U.S. 3,412,696; filed Mar. 25,
1965; issued Nov. 26, 1968.
This vertical stack incinerator burns
municipal refuse at temperatures in the range
of from 2,500 to 3,000 F. A chute controls
the charging of the incinerator, and at the
bottom of the stack is a trough through which
molten incombustibles are removed. A wind
box surrounds the outside lower area of the
combustion chamber. A fan supplies forced
air to the wind box and from there the air flows
through a tuyere system to the combustion
zone. The tuyeres each have regulating
valves which control the flow of air to the
combustion area. A multi-sided fly ash screen
filters the exhaust gases without restricting
the air flow passing through the stack.
US-0308
Yoe, G. S. (George Koch Sons, Inc.), Refuse
burner. U.S. 3,440,977; filed Feb. 14, 1967;
issued Apr. 29, 1969.
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A, commercial refuse burner of the conical type
is characterized by a secondary combustion
139
-------
Incineration
zone in the form of. a dampening device to
slow stack gas velocity as well as to provide
air turbulence, for mixing combustion air and
stack gases to promote secondary burning, with
the overall control or reduction of air
pollution also being assisted through a filter
screen of atomized water. The refuse burner is
defined by a base portion in the shape of a
truncated cone, a screened dome, and a
cylindrical portion between the top of the
truncated cone and the dome. A first combustion
zone is within the truncated cone and the
second combustion zone is disposed above the
first zone and within the cylindrical porti9n.
US-0309
Ehrenzeller, W. S., and D. H. Call (American
Design and Development Corporation), Incinerator.
U.S. 3,456,604; filed Mar. 11, 1966; issued
July 22, 1969.
An incinerator for municipal waste material
consists of a cylindrical stack, and at least
two adjacent separate wind-boxes near the
bottom extending outjide of the stack with a
separate source for forcing controlled volumes
of combustion-supporting gas into the
wind boxes, with ducts that join the wind
boxes tangentially to the inner and outer walls
at different levels of the incinerator.
US 0310
Ehrenzeller, W. S., and D. H. Call (American
Design and Development Corporation), Incinerator.
U.S. 3,460,489; filed Apr. 8, 1968; issued Aug. 12
1969.

This apparatus for the complete destruction of
municipal waste products by incineration
at critical high temperatures comprises a
substantially vertical stack, a top-enclosing
frustoconical baffle element, a return by-pass
duct positioned above the baffle and extending
outside the stack for emission return of
fly ash and hot gases into the lower combustion
area, means for supplying the waste material
into the lower combustion area, means for
supplying the waste material into the stack at
or above the combustion area, a tuyere assembly
situated around the combustion area, a
wind box extending around the tuyere assembly,
means for forcing air and fly ash and hot gases
into the wind box, at least one layer of air
inlets to the stack, means at the bottom of
the incinerator to provide access to the
combustion area, and neans to permit removal
of the final combustible products from the
incinerator. Forcing combustion-supporting
gases, such as air, through a system of tuyeres
located between the wind-box and the
combustion area of the stack to bring about
controlled uniform distribution of the air,
effects maximum destruction of waste materials
such as paper, wood, refuse including bottles,
tin cans, stoves, and refrigerators. The
charging system for feeding the waste materials
to the combustion area of the stack maintains
140
-------
the combustion chamber at predetermined high
and constant operating temperatures.
US-0311
Ankersen, B. R. Incinerator. U.S. 3,482,533;
filed June 28, 1968; issued Dec. 9, 1969.

This incinerator disposes of garbage and
refuse, and it is suited for use in large
urban areas. Refuse is deposited in a main
combustion chamber where it is agitated with
preheated air. Located below the main chamber
is a primary combustion chamber where a high
calorific fuel is burned. Wastes, in turn,
move into a second combustion chamber in
order to complete the burning process. Heated
gases, the final products of the combustion
process, flow into a heat exchanger for
cooling. The cooled gases are filtered in
order to remove residual particulate matter
before passage to the air is effected.
Proportioned amounts of wet and dry garbage
and refuse are fed into the main combustion
chamber.
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US-0312
Martin, W. S. (Morse Boulger Destructor
Company), Sludge and refuse disposal. U.S.
2,483,918; filed Oct. 15, 1946; issued Oct. 4,
1949.
141
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Incineration
Sewage sludge, garbage, refuse, and other
wastes may be economically incinerated in this
apparatus. A single furnace is used to dry
and burn sewage sludge and rubbish, utilizing
all the calorific value of organic matter
contained in both. The furnace has a cylindrical
charge drying and burning chamber with upper
and lower rotating annular hearths for both
functions. Rubbish goes directly to the
burning zone, as does sludge after the drying
action is completed. A combustion chamber
connects upper and lower zones and insures
complete combustion of fumes and gases. As
the latter products travel to a chimney, the
gases come in contact with a heat exchanger.
US-0313
Hartley, H. J. (Pacific Foundry Company, Ltd.),
Multiple hearth incinerator. U.S. 2,710,585;
filed Nov. 12, 1949; issued June 14, 1955.
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A furnace is comprised of an upright
hollow column, in which a number of hearths
are disposed one above the other. These
hearths are spaced from each other to provide
a number of combustion chambers in the column
between hearths. There are firing mechanisms
disposed at each of the combustion chambers
to throw flames across the hearths. Each
hearth is composed of a number of sections,
with each section hinge-supported at one end,
and the hearth sections being composed of
hollow multi-perforated units joined together
by webs. Devices are provided for releasing
each hearth section so Chat it hangs from its
hinged end. Each hearth section can also
swing upward to hearth position, A mechanism
is included for introducing compressed air
into the combustion chambers through the
hollow units of the hearth sections.
US-0314
Hartely, H. J., and C. S. Rankin (Pacific
Foundry Company, Ltd.), Incinerator. U.S.
2,744,477; filed Dec. 8, 1951; issued May 8,
1956.
With an improved multi-hearth furnace, wet
garbage is introduced into an upper hearth;
six hearths are arranged vertically, each with
drop holes or outlets and each with a pair of
rabble arms having teeth. When garbage falls
into the hearth, the rabble or raking arms move
and in combination with warm air forced into the
incinerator reduce and dry waste material
for rapid burning. The material is further
dried and subsequently burned as it passes
down through the adjoining hearths. From the
final hearth, the resulting ash is discharged
into an ash pit. There is a down-draft inside
the incinerator which makes it more effective
for consuming moist materials. Wet garbage is
142
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subjected to drying action with warm air,
then to intense heat due to the down-draft,
which causes materials to burn as they descend
through the hearths.
toward the stack; the air thus emerging
is virtually smokeless.
US-0315
Sasaki, Y. Refuse destruction system and
furnace therefor. U.S. 3,330,230; filed
June 14, 1965; issued July 11, 1967.
This apparatus includes a main
vertically-cylindrical furnace body with fire
and ash holes, and having numerous hemispherical
dents on the walls. Refuse containing water
may be dried by the action of flames which
rise from the fire grate and are intercepted by
the dents, thus reflecting light. Dried
refuse drops gradually to the fire grate and
prevents choking of the grate by a heavy single
batch of refuse. A re-combustor is a long
flue section which burns refuse soaked with
oil or chemicals. The refuse destructor
automatically crushes clinkers deposited on
the fire grate. Refuse is deposited from a
truck into the furnace. Problems of smoke
and soot are solved because combustible gas
or smoke is not exhausted directly through
the smoke stack, but is reburnt as it moves
US-0316
Siracusa, G. Garbage disposal system; U.S.
3,357,380; filed Dec. 22, 1965; issued Dec. 12,
1967.

This method disposes of garbage, refuse, and
similar waste without pollution of water
supplies and atmosphere. Garbage is first
loosened to break it up so that some of the
noncombustible material such as iron may be
removed by magnets. The garbage is then
compressed and crushed to squeeze out a large
part of the liquid contained. Shredding next
occurs to reduce the wastes further and drive
out any remaining liquid. The small particles
of refuse are then blown by a stream of air
32 16
143
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Incineration
into the the burning zone of an incinerator.
In the burning zone, they are burned while in
suspension with sufficient air so that the
combustion is complete. The airstream
through the incinerator produces a draft
which carries the smoke and fine ash from the
incinerator into a washing chamber having a
serpentine path. Here through the path the
smoke and ash are washed by water sprays.
US-0317
Blatchford, J. K. (Whirlpool Corporation),
Disposer for combustible and metal refuse.
U.S. 3,396,682; filed Jan. 5, 1967; issued
Aug. 13, 1968.

This incinerator burns municipal garbage and
decomposes the metal refuse normally found in
such municipal waste. The trash and refuse are
charged into the incinerator where combustion
of the material occurs. Any non-combustible
refuse mixed in with the garbage is allowed
to fall onto a grate at the bottom of the
furnace. Once, the incineration process has
been completed, the metal refuse found on the
grate is transferred to a tank. The tank
contains chemicals which decompose the metal
refuse. After the decomposition of the refuse
is accomplished, the chemicals in the tank
are recovered for future use.
US-0318
Tada, M. Apparatus for continuously burning
wastes. U.S. 3,397,657; filed Oct. 25, 1966;
issued Aug. 20, 1968.

This incinerator burns the inflammable wastes
contained in municipal refuse and, at the same
time, is equipped to discharge non-inflammable
material in a. continuous manner. The
upright chamber has a transversely arranged
flow plate which supports a fluidized medium.
Refuse is deposited in the medium. The
inflammable material is consumed while the
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non-combustible waste flows down the flow plate
to an outlet opening. The waste moves through
a discharge to an aeration pipe where
pressurized air separates the non-burnable
material from the fluidized medium. The
fluidized medium is recycled to the main
combustion chamber.
US-0319
Denig, F. Method and apparatus for incinerating
combustible refuse, rubbish and miscellaneous
waste organic material. U.S. 3,403,643;
filed Apr. 14, 1967; issued Oct. 1, 1968.

This refuse disposal plant combines the
operations of an incinerator and an oxygen
generating plant with those of an energy
144
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recovery plant to promote the efficient
elimination of municipal refuse. Nitrogen is
removed from air to form oxygen enriched air
having an oxygen content in the range of 25 to
50 percent. Within the incinerator, garbage
COLLECTING AND TRANSPORTING
REFUSE TO INCINERATOR
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DUMPING REFUSE
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and trash are burned, and the oxygen-enriched
air acts to consume any malodorous gases and
to insure that complete combustion occurs.
Since the incinerator operates with a high
flame temperature and with only a small
volume of exhaust gases, the heat generated
during the combustion process can be utilized
through the operation of an energy recovery
plant.
US0320
Ankerson, B. R. Incinerator. U.S. 3,404,643;
filed Dec. 15, 1966; issued Oct. 8, 1966.

This refuse disposal plant burns the combustible
elements of municipal refuse while, at the
same time, converting any non-combustible
components to a sterile residue which may be
sold commercially, The refuse-collecting
trucks deposit garbage in a receiving and
charging hopper. The hopper operates to
receive, and then to charge the refuse into
the furnace on a continuous basis. As the
refuse is loaded into the main combustion
chamber, it is mixed with a forced air stream.
This air promotes the complete combustion of
the garbage at temperatures in the range of
from 2,500 to 3,000 F. The incombustible
material is melted so that it falls from the
rotating hearth to a well where it accumulates
as a molten slag. The slag is transferred to
a quench tank, where it is crystallized to
form a granular, homogeneous material which is
pure and sanitary. Any fly ash produced
during combustion is melted when it contacts
the refractory surfaces of the roof. The
melted residue falls into the well where it
combines with the other molten slag. The
stack through which the clean flue gases
pass may be fitted with a scrubber so that
145
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Incineration
virtually all partlculate matter is eliminated
from the gases exhausted into the atmosphere.
When the incinerator is operated at less than
full capacity, a combustion gas such as
natural gas can be used to maintain the proper
combustion temperature.
US0321
Pantoja, E. V. Waste incinerator. U.S.
3,408,968; filed Feb. 13, 1967; issued Nov. 5,
1968.

This waste incinerator is particularly
applicable to the incineration of large
amounts of garbage. It comprises a housing
with sheet metal. The housing is divided
into a lower and upper portion for greater
combustion efficiency. The interior of the
incinerator contains a number of chambers
each serving a specific purpose. The grates
which extend between the central post and
the wall of the inner enclosure of the
incinerator are vaulted, supported at one end
on one of the faces of the central post and
at the other end on the :Lnner surfaces of the
walls of the inner enclosure. The central
vertical post is provided with a hollow axial
bore communicating at its lower end with
fresh air inlets. The charging mouth of the
incinerator is located on top of a pyramidal
section of the housings.
US-0322
Dvirka, M., and A. B. Zanft (Hagan Industries,
Inc.), Incinerator. U.S. 3,416,469; filed Nov. 25,
1966; issued Dec. 17, 1968.
built in supported relationship to a metal
frame, and brick walls which may be lined
This incinerator burns the combustible
elements of municipal refuse and is equipped
to handle bulky residue which might otherwise
disrupt its operation. A grate transports the
waste through the main combustion chamber and
moves any unburned residue to a primary
146
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residue chamber. Within that compartment the
residue is separated according to predetermined
size requirements with the smaller particles
being transferred to a second combustion
chamber while the larger lumps are removed
from the incinerator.
US-0323
Stefanyk, M. Municipal incinerator. U.S.
3,431,872; filed May 8, 1967; issued Mar. 11,
1969.

Refuse is brought to the incinerator building
in trucks which are emptied into either one
of two chambers. The doors of the chambers
are accessible from the floor on which the
truck is driven into the building. One such
receiving chamber is adapted to be closed and
utilized for the burning of refuse while the
other is being charged with fresh material.
At the completion of the burning operation,
the empty chamber is then charged while
the material in the charged chamber is
subjected to a burning operation. The
chamber includes a hearth for supporting the
refuse having a set of stationary grate bars,
a set of movable grate bars, and a number of
air conduits to distribute the refuse through
the hearth. Second and third chambers for
secondary combustion and cleansing the products
of combustion are provided. The incinerator
can be constructed to burn 500 cu yd in one
loading. The entire operation may be performed
with one or two men and refuse storage is
eliminated. The need for a high chimney is
eliminated due to the fact that smoke and gases
are burned in the second chamber and then
washed in a set collector where ash and solid
particles are substantially entirely removed.
US-0324
Sharpe, P. S. (Brule Incinerator Corporation),
Modular incinerator construction. U.S.
3,446,163; filed Dec. 7, 1967; issued May 27,
1969.
A multi-section incinerator is made up of
modules of a conventional height, width,
breadth, and weight for ease of shipment to
the site where the assembled incinerator is
be located. The modules are so constructed
that each is a separate, independent member
to
that may be easily assembled in co-acting
relationship to form an integral unit.
Therefore, the off-site, in-plant construction
of large incinerator units made up of
modules provides a superior construction
more economically than has been previously
available, The incinerator is comprised of a
burner chamber, an ash pit section, an upper
combustion chamber, and a lower combustion
chamber.
US-0325
Ankersen, B. R. Incinerators and methods of
incineration. U.S. 3,457,883; filed May 8,
1967; issued July 29, 1969.

An incinerator for garbage has a main combustion
chamber and a means for shredding and feeding
garbage tangentially into the main combustion
chamber to cause a downward vortex. A primary
combustion chamber, fired by a high calorific
fuel, opens into the main chamber to provide
a high temperature area. A secondary combustion
chamber connected to the top of the main
chamber receives products of combustion and
unconsumed particles to complete combustion.
A vortex zone receives the products of combustion
from the secondary combustion chamber connected
to the top of the chamber where heat is extracted
from the products of combustion and a scrubber
receives the cooled combustion products for
cleaning and discharge to the air. A clean,
sterile residue material is produced which
may be sold for many useful purposes. Fly
ash and fumes are not issued from the stacks
and the storage of refuse and garbage is
eliminated. The heat energy from the burning
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Incineration
waste can be converted into steam and/or
electrical energy at a low expenditure of
additional equipment. The system is equipped
for handling any and all sizes and types of
refuse including dead domestic animals, rubber
tires, refrigerators, stoves, hot water
heaters, and parts of automobiles.
US-0326
Siracusa, G. Garbage disposal system. U.S.
3,473,494; filed Oct. 12, 1967; issued Oct. 21,
1969.
^ K3ST8
,. ,' r« „ •
^ti^^zi
An apparatus and method for disposing of
garbage and similar refuse includes separating
at least some of the noncombustible material
from the refuse and shredding the combustible
part. This reduces the refuse to pieces of
small size to facilitate burning. The
reduced refuse is conveyed into an incinerator
which has been heated to a predetermined
temperature where the reduced refuse supports
combustion. The bottom of the incinerator is
provided with a conveyor and the ashes resulting
from the turning of the reduced refuse drop
into the conveyor housing to be moved to a
suitable storage space. The wall structure
is shaped to enhance the draft by which the
gases of combustion and suspended ash are
moved from the incinerator and into a settler
chamber from which they are transported by
suction into a first washing tank. From here
they are moved into a second washing tank and
then to the atmosphere.
US-0327
Smith, W. C., and D. Free (Rader Pneumatics
and Engineering Company, Ltd.), Waste
incineration process. U.S. 3,478,707; filed
Feb. 26, 1968; issued Nov. 18, 1969.
Industrial and residential waste is placed in
a pit, covered with granular inert material,
and ignited. Combustion is supported by
feeding air beneath the waste pile, and gases
escaping through the inert material are
conducted to an afterburner to burn combustibles
and then to scrubbers. The inert material
layer confines the fly ash and permits effective
destruction of waste by confining the heat.
The pit is preferably arranged so that the
waste can be dumped directly from collecting
trucks. The layer of inert material, such as
gravel, covers the waste material with a layer
between 1 ft and 3 ft in thickness. The pit
may consist of a four-sided chamber having
vertical side walls of gas-impermeable, heat
resistant materials.
148
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US-0328
Wunderley, J. M, Apparatus for thermal
decomposition of mixed city refuse. U.S.
3,481,290; filed June 26, 1968; issued Dec.
2, 1969.
Thermal decomposition of mixed refuse, as
collected by a municipality or other agency,
employs a high temperature flame, fueled by
oxygen, directly contacting the refuse as
received within an incinerator. The combustible
matter is reduced to residual ash and the
noncombustible matter such as metal, glass,
etc. is melted and separately withdrawn from
the incinerator. The operation is continuous
and the refuse is fed to the. incinerator at
intervals to maintain a substantially uniform
volume of refuse within the combustion chamber.
The refractory lined vertical shaft furnace
provides a flame temperature of about 3,000 F.
A suitable hood overlying the top of the shaft
furnace discharges the gaseous products of
combustion to a suitable precipitator to
remove solids.
Rotary Furnaces
US-0329
Ramstack, R. J. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing
Company), Incinerator kiln construction. U.S.
3,152,796; filed May 6, 1963; issued Oct. 13,
1964.

A horizontal rotary kiln assembly may be
assembled from two types of components. One
type of component is an open-end cylinder with
an impervious cylindrical wall. The other
type has a number of louvers arranged along
the entire length. Each component, of both
types, has an annular ring on each end of the
component. Each such ring on the upstream end
of a section (the end intended to be nearest
the kiln feed end) is provided with a configuration
that is compatible to mate with a ring on the
downstream end of any section of either type.
The downstream end is the end nearest the kiln
discharge end. The components are arranged in
axial alignment and assembled with adjacent
joints being detachably connected together to
define a kiln having a number of components of
the first type, and at least one component of
the second type, connected together in a
predetermined axially extending arrangement.
US-0330
Klovers, E. J., and H. W. Winter (Allis-
Chalmers Manufacturing Company.), Incineration
apparatus. U.S. 3,242,888; filed May 6, 1963;
issued Mar. 29, 1966.

A rotary kiln apparatus for incinerating refuse
materials consists of a tubular structure
defining a feed end and a discharge end,
and containing several connected zones through
which the material is passed. The first zone
adjacent to the feed end has an impervious
inner surface. The second zone, which adjoins
the first, has a wall with a multitude of
louvered openings through which oxidizing
gas enters the chamber and stimulates
combustion in it. The second zone connects
to the third zone which has an axial length
and an inner diameter at least equal to those
of the second zone. The inner surface is,
however, impervious. This section can be
rotated about a central axis. The louvers
project tangentially outward from the inner
circumference of the second zone, and then
diverge from the first portions of adjacent
louvers to create an inwardly directed tapered
nozzle passage. A second flat portion projects
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Incineration
radially outward from the outer edge of each of
the louver first sections, thus defining an
inlet passage to each of the nozzle passages.
The inner surface of the third zone is
refractory and reflects heat radiated from the
burning material back to it, therefore
maintaining combustion.
US-0331
Hansen, R. D. (Dano Ingeniorforretning og
Maskinfabrik Ingenior Kaj Petersen's Fond),
Rotary furnace for incinerating house refuse,
industrial refuse, and other waste materials.
U.S. 3,323,474; filed Nov. 12, 1964; issued
June 6, 1967.
A rotary furnace for the incineration of waste
has a rotatable furnace shell which rotates on
a horizontal axis, and a partition which
divides the interior into at least two chambers
(one with an inlet, one with an outlet).
Combustion can either be effected in both
chambers, or drying and combustion treatments
can be effected in both chambers, or drying
and combustion treatments can be handled (one
for each). Extra heat can be supplied and
waste gases removed at the chamber connection
points, depending on what is to be incinerated,
for better combustion. Numerous modifications
on this rotary furnace are possible.
US-0332
Matteini, S. Solid trash drying and incinerating
furnace. U.S. 3,357,382; filed Feb. 14, 1966;
issued Dec. 12, 1967.

This trash incinerator is provided with a
rotary cylindrical casing (a drying zone) ,
and another rotary casing (a combustion zone) .
Wet material is discharged into a hopper and
fed continuously to the drying zone where it
is mixed with gases presett, and heated and
dried without igniting. The dried material
is then passed in countercurrent heat exchange
to a combustion zone by rotation, where, due
to the temperature therein, the material is
ignited by combustion of preceding material.
It is possible to rotate the drying and
combustion zones at the same speed. Maintenance
costs involved in the operation are kept at
a minimum.
US-0333
Mutchler, P. A. (American Air Filter Company,
Inc.), Refuse incinerator. U.S. 3,376,833;
filed Dec. 16, 1966; issued Apr. 9, 1968.
In this device, the liquid and solid portions
of refuse are separated, part of the solids
dried, dried solids burned, and part of the
150
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liquid evaporated. The incinerator is
light weight, and can be mounted on a standard
vehicle for portable movement, while eliminating
foul odors. A rotating drum has spaced holes
to help drain liquid from the wet garbage; a
collector is located nearby to collect the
liquid. Heat is sent to the drum to help
remove moisture from wet refuse and burn the
combustible components of the refuse. Gases
which are emitted from this combustion are
directed into the liquid collector device to
evaporate these liquids. Combustible components
of the gases are also burned.
This rotary incinerator has an outlet and an
inlet at opposite ends. The incinerator inner
shell has a refractory brick lining, including
numerous projecting bricks at spaced intervals
around the chamber. These projections
represent pushing blades or ribs and also
have air supply nozzles which open into the
incinerator. The ribs enhance intermixture
and revolution of wastes, the air passages send
air in to help combustion. Problems have
been solved which make it possible to effect
complete combustion of refuse at a low enough
temperature to avoid sintering and caking of
metallic elements of refuse matter. Minimal
air is required so flue gas escape is low.
US-0334
Nilsson, N. F. (Aktiebolaget Landsverk),
Rotary incinerator for waste and refuse matter.
U.S. 3,380,407; filed Sept. 2, 1966;
issued Apr. 30, 1968.
US-0335
Becker, F., and F. Brinkmann. Refuse burning
installations. U.S. 3,405,667; filed Dec. 29,
1965; issued Oct. 15, 1968.

A refuse burning plant comprises a rotary
kiln, means for charging refuse into one end
of the kiln, ash removing means at the other
end, a burner, flue means for preheating air
needed for combustion, means for removing dust,
and separate vehicles on which installations
are mounted with disconnectable connections
between adjacent parts of these installations.
An open chute is provided in the combustion
chamber for supporting the refuse moved by a
screw conveyor which forms part of the charging
means. The structure features a housing on
the ash exit end of the kiln and defines an
annular space between it and the ash exit end
of the kiln, and means for spraying water into
this space, the water passing into a pan.
(0
&
151
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Incineration
US 0336
Maurice, P. (La Soudure Autogene Francaise),
Continuous operation waste incinerator. U.S.
3,408,969; filed Oct. 11, 1965; issued Nov. 5,
1968.

A novel type of revolving incinerator is
provided together with a method for its operation,
which is designed to improve incinerating
processes and the thermal efficiency of waste
incineration. The incinerator has the appearance
of a revolving cylinder with a horizontal axis.
The steel sleeve is lined on the interior with
a refractory concrete layer (or some other
heat-insulating lining) inside which are
distributed a number of compartments containing
grates. These grates are located in the
upper portion of each compartment and are made
of stacks of heat-resisting wire nets. When
the incinerator revolves, the waste introduced
into those grates in the front portion of the
apparatus tends to form a bank. When the
incinerator revolves, the ashes and dust which
have gone through the gratings tend to move
towards the rear portion of the apparatus.
Deflectors on the radially inner sides of the
inner walls are so arranged as to direct
waste outwards.
US-0337
Matteini, S. Trash incinerator rotary furnace.
U.S. 3,412,697; filed Feb. 2, 1967; issued
Nov. 26, 1968.
A rotary trash incinerator has a tubular body
for rotating in opposite directions about a
horizontal axis. A stationary end member
features a loading hopper, an unloading door,
10 8r \...---t •--.-*-» ZZ2"" ""
and smoke draught device for removing the
smoke from the combustion chamber. A number
of longitudinally-extending helical material
distributing projections are secured to the
inner surface of the tubular body and extend
inwardly from it, and a number of axially
extending projections are also secured to the
inner surface and exte:nd inwardly into the
combustion chamber. The body is perforated
about the circumference forming a grate-like
surface within the interior of the
combustion chamber. A stationary shell forms
a collection chamber for receiving ash
passing through the peTforated section from
the combustion chamber. The walls forming
the collecting chamber are provided with
openings for admitting air into the collecting
chamber where the ash is heated by the means
provided for ignition.
US-0338
Meller, F. H., and C.
Morse Incorporated),
L. Swanson (Fairbanks
Incinerator. U.S.
3,418,952; filed Apr. 10, 1967; issued Dec.
1968.
31,
This incinerator destroys sewage solids, garbage,
and industrial waste End is designed for use
in homes, offices, and industrial buildings,
and on military installations and ships. The
wastes are dried and then fed into a
combustion chamber. The chamber includes a
rotatable firebox in which the waste materials
are deposited. During combustion, an
agitator churns the waste while a burner
directs a flame at the firebox. Any gases
which evolve from the burning waste are
subjected to the burner flame. When the
combustion cycle has been completed, the
fire-box is rotated and the ash residue is
152
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discharged into a disposal chamber. A charge
of waste material may be retained above the
combustion chamber to utilize the generated
heat for drying purposes.
Traveling Grates
US-0339
Johnson, P. J. Incinerator. U.S. 3,455,257;
filed Oct. 6, 1967; issued July 15, 1969.
/O
7C
An incinerator is designed so that combustible
materials such as papers, cardboard, garbage,
and other trash may be burned and non-combustible
trash, such as metal cans, metal closure
elements may be charged for disintegration.
In the continuous sequence, practically all
domestic trash and garbage may be disposed of
in an economical manner. The incinerating device
consists of a housing, a truncated, conical, and
perforated shell supported for rotation in
the housing. The shell has a charging opening
at one end and discharging opening at the other
end. There is a combustion device on the
interior of the shell, means of rotating the
shell and controlling the rotating. Glass
is disintegrated by being sprayed with cold
water and other non-combustible material,
such as metal cans, is advanced to a cylinder
equipped to disintegrate the cans. Glass may
also shatter against the baffles.
US-0340
Ferro, T., and M. M. Manov (Oakland Scavenger
Company), Traveling grate incinerator for city
refuse and the like. U.S. 2,481,504; filed
Apr. 22, 1944; issued Sept. 13, 1949.

This garbage incinerator, characterized by
its traveling grate construction, is able to
handle a large capacity of material efficiently.
On a 16-ton per hr average, this apparatus
completely burns city garbage, kitchen refuse,
and community wastes, without smoke. Results
are due to the arrangement of a series of
traveling grates in stepwise succession and
means for distributing combustion air
throughout the unit. Uncombusted solids,
carried in suspension, eventually settle and
become redeposited on the grates for further
incinerating action. Garbage is progressively
advanced through the furnace on each grate at
a uniform speed until its final discharge as
ash and clinker from the last grate. This
final grate is adjacent to the source of heat
provided by oil or gas burners. The
distribution device which spreads garbage
out on the receiving grate is an important
part of this invention.
US-0341
Knipping, R. H. Garbage incinerator. U.S.
2,577,659; filed Oct. 9, 1947; issued Dec. 4,
1951.

'Free' garbage, which has not been subjected to
processing, separating, or classifying previously,
is handled by this incinerator. All combustibles
can be burned; non-combustible separation
means are also provided. Dehydration means are
employed to dry out wet garbage for more
efficient combustion. The invention accomplishes
this by an arrangement where heated products
of combustion are conducted into contact with
153
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Incineration
incoming garbage, to extract moisture from
this garbage. An improved infeed conveyor
system carries untreated garbage along to
a hopper, during which time the material is
heated somewhat. The garbage falls by
gravity into the rear end of a rotary
drier where it is tumbled and agitated while
hot combustion products fLow through.
Dehydrated garbage then falls by gravity to
a traveling grate where burning continues.
Ash and non-combustibles are separated by a
screen and conveyed to different points by
screen and ash conveyors, respectively.
^^^^^^-^^^^g^^^^^-v^;!^
US-0342
Turner, J. F., and C. P. Breidenbaugh (Flynn
and Emrich Company), Refuse burning furnace.
U.S. 2,777,406; filed Aug. 11, 1952; issued
Jan 15, 1957.

Fifty percent more refuse can be consumed in
this furnace than in others of similar size.
Heat can be retained within because the
incinerator is not opened to remove ash.
Forward feeding grate bars can be used to
break up masses of material which might form
clinkers; combination is facilitated and is more
complete. Non-con'bustibles fall from the
dump grate to the ashpit below for removal.
Grate bars are wide to more easily move soggy
154
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material and large refuse. The grate surface out in the warmest part of the furnace prior
slopes down so wet material can be quickly dried to combustion.

US-0343
Ferriss, F., and J. R. Gainfort (F. Ferriss,
J, R. Gainfort, R. Francioni, F. L. Pinola,
G, Gasparini, and W. Brosch) , Garbage, trash
and sludge disposal. U.S. 2,879,726, filed
Nov. 4, 1955; issued Mar. 31, 1959.

Garbage and trash are burned on a rectangular
traveling grate under which air is forced up
in varying amounts. A refractory reverberatory
hearth extends over the rear two-thirds of
the grate. Gaseous products of combustion
facilitate preliminary drying of the materials
before tiiey enter the hearth, since the gases
flow to the rear. The gases pass through a
fly ash precipitation chamber and then
through the meshes of a sludge drying and
combustion screen. The sludge is fed at the
top of the rearward sloping screen, and
therefore passes through the gases which
often reach temperatures of 1 ,800 F. The
screen, whose open spaces comprise a greater
area than its solid areas, is an endless grate
conveyor in the form of a chain belt that
extends across almost all of the path of the
gases. As the belt operates, sludge is
deposited on the screen, which has reached a
temperature corresponding to red heat, and
adheres to it immediately. The sludge then
combusts without the emission of significant
amounts of dust, smoke, or fumes.
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Incineration
US-0344
Markle, H. A., and J. H. Morrow (Fuller
Company), Incinerator for waste material.
U.S. 3,016,849; filed Aug. 18, 1959; issued
Jan. 16, 1962.

An incinerator has a horizontally disposed
treating and conveying chamber with material
inlet and gas outlet opposite each other, an
J
air inlet in a lower region, and a burned
material outlet. The chamber is divided into
upper and lower subchambers by an arrangement
of grates. A row of movable grates reciprocates
with a row of stationary grates to cause material
to cascade down to a discharge hopper. Air or
oxygen-containing gas is supplied to
air-supply compartments of the lower subchamber
to support combustion.
US-0345
Rivers, R. C. (Riley Stoker Corporation),
Traveling grate incinerator. U.S. 3,169,498;
filed Mar. 14, 1961; issued Feb. 16, 1965.

An incinerator is used for burning refuse.
A furnace includes a conditioning section
upon which the refuse is first introduced.
There is also a conditioning section having an
lower end of the inclined grate in a position
overlying one end of trie horizontal grate. Both
of these grates have air chambers, and at
least one of the legs is in the form of a
conduit joining the two air chambers and also
providing a means for introducing combustion air
into one of the chambers. At least part of the
combustion air passes through one of the legs
to the other chamber.
US-0346
Mallard, J. K. Incinerator. U.S. 3,326,150;
filed Sept. 8, 1965; issued June 20, 1967.

This system includes an incinerator for
burning and reducing waste to ash and disposal
means for the residue. Apparatus for
processing the material, injecting it into the
inclined traveling grate. There is a burning
section in the furnace, having a horizontal
traveling grate. Vertical legs support the
incinerator, and removing the ash and residue
in a continuous process are included. Waste
is received from a collection vehicle, is
separated to encourage combustion, and
discharged into an incinerator, where air is
added to assist the burning operation. A means
to convert water to steam as a by-product of
incineration is provided. The incinerator
grate is movable to discharge unburned residue
and has means to introduce air or oxygen for
combustion purposes within the incinerator.
Temperatures reach about 3,000 F and to take
advantage of this heat, a series of pipes
carry water which is converted to steam by
heated gases within the incinerator. It is
desirable to locate the system on a hillside
since the delivery building and transfer
apparatus are above the incinerator base.
156
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US-0347
Connell, J. M. (Foster Wheeler Corporation),
Refuse disposal system. U.S. 3,393,652;
filed Oct. 7, 1966; issued July 23, 1968.
This steam generating unit is adapted for the
combustion of ordinary household refuse. The
combustion chamber of the incinerator is
provided with an inclined feeding grate, and
the combustion flame is localized close to the
refuse to promote further combustion. All
of the walls, and the roof of the furnace, are
water-cooled. The construction of the chamber
comprises on all-welded integral finned tube
which is gas tight. Since only a limited
amount of combustion air is introduced, the
fans, furnace volume, off-takes, fly ash
collectors, and stacks are limited to
reasonable dimensions. Within the combustion
chamber, a primary burning section opens into
an upright furnace in which the gas
temperatures are reduced to design temperatures
of the heat recovery section.
US-0348
Guy, M. F. (Detroit Stoker Company), Incinerator
construction. U.S. 3,395,655; filed Aug. 29,
1966; issued Aug. 6, 1968.
This incinerator burns refuse and trash while
retarding the formation of side wall slag and
clinkers. The refuse is burned as it moves
along a reciprocating grate structure. The
combustion air is fed to the top and the
bottom of the grates through a number of
nozzles located along the side walls. This
air acts to cool the side walls and to supply
the oxygen needed for combustion. The
system of tuyeres supplies air from a central
source to the combustion chamber and acts to
prevent the side wall temperature from
becoming excessive.
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Incineration
US 0349
Ruzika, J. W. (Nichols Engineering and
Research Corporation), Method and apparatus
for incinerating waste material. U.S.
3,457,882; filed Mar. 8, 1968; issued July 29,
1969.

This incineration system is particularly
adapted for the incineration of municipal,
city, or community garbage, trash, or refuse.
Certain desirable aspects of the batch type
of incinerators are retained as well as
certain desirable aspects of the traveling
grate type of incinerator. A continuous
conveyor is mounted within a duct, the duct
being of dimensions and aperture such that
during operation of the apparatus the material
in it normally bridges across and plugs the
duct to prevent the flow of undesired cold
air through the duct into the combustion zone.
A chute is positioned adjacent to the outlet
of the duct and a furnace chamber is positioned
under the chute. Grate and hearth devices
are disposed in the furnace chamber. An ash
hopper mounted below the grate and the chamber
is provided with a flue for the discharge of
combustion gases.

US-0350
Simpson, F. S. (Illinois Stoker Company),
Refuse incinerator. U.S. 3,473,493; filed
Sept. 15, 1967; issued Oct. 21, 1969.
168
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A refuse Incinerator of the endless chain
grate type has a chain grate system with three
sections arranged in horizontally and vertically
stepped relationship with the middle section
adapted to operate in the reverse direction from
the other two sections. The refuse is therefore
moved in countercurrent relationship to the
movement of refuse on the other two sections
when it is desired to tumble the refuse.
The middle section is also bodily movable to
vary the degree of its underlap and overlap with
respect to the other two sections, depending
upon the character of the refuse being burned
at the site. The method of agitating a bed of
refuse as it moves through the incinerator
provides that loose bits of refuse are not
lifted or blown out of the bed and into the
superambient atmosphere. The incinerator
consists of a combustion chamber having an
input end and an ash end and a chain grate
device for moving refuse from the input end
toward the ash end while undergoing combustion.
Residue Handling and Cleaning
US-0351
Kay, D. Purification of incinerator gases.
U.S. 2,678,616; filed Feb. 14, 1952; issued
May 18, 1954.

I 21
Air contamination resulting from combustion
is eliminated by a device which includes an
opening in the stack coming from the fire
box. The opening is provided at a level well
above the fire box. The gases of combustion
and the smoke are led out of the stack
through the opening by a suitable duct. The
duct communicates with a mechanical separator
for fly ash control. The smoke is led from
the separator through a blower which maintains
the draught in the stack at a constant velocity.
The blower forces the smoke through the duct
into a heater unit. Smoke passing through is
maintained at a constant temperature so as to
achieve the maximum efficiency from the
precipitator, ozonorator, or heat medium which
burns the particles remaining in the smoke.
The gases remaining are returned to the stack
and allowed to enter the atmosphere.
US-0352
Miller, E. C., and L. V. Andrews (Riley Stoker
Corporation), Fly-ash reinjection, U.S.
2,750,903; filed May 22, 1952; issued June 19,
1956.
f>
' JJ '
This apparatus causes fly ash and cinders
collected in a steam generating unit to be
passed through the combustion chamber to
effect more complete combustion. In such a
unit, the material collected in hoppers and
dust collectors must be reinjected into the
combustion chamber. This is due to the high
percentage of unburned carbon left, which
would cause the unit to be inefficient if left
in that state. The principal problem involves
the recirculation of particles with little or
no carbons which cause wear on the furnace and
an increase in the dust emission. Therefore,
this reinjection system returns only high-carbon
159
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Incineration
contact particles to the furnace, provides for
the disposal of all excess fly ash unable to
be handled, and separates light from heavy
particles. Separators of the gravity and
magnetic type are employed in this device.
Problems of ash removal In domestic incinerators
are solved in this ash detection means.
Automatic means for determining the need for
ash removal are provided., Ashes resulting
from combustion fall into a bottom ash pan,
US0353
Miller, E. C. (Riley Stoker Corporation),
Fuel burning apparatus, U.S. 2,895,436,
filed Jan. 23, 1956; issued July 21, 1959.
EL
This apparatus is designed to return fly ash
to the main combustion chamber of a steam
generating unit. Novel means are provided
for distributing fly ash onto one end of a grate.
A spreader stoker fires onto an oscillating
grate; fly ash is reinjected in such a way as
to eliminate its rise in the furnace. Waste
fuel passes through a pipeline to the spreader
stoker and is projected to the combustion
chamber. Combustion products pass up into
the boiler for heat exchange to the boiler
tubes. From there they pass to the dust
collector where dust and combustion gas are
separated. Fly ash is recirculated and
injected back in for more combustion of
unburned material.
which has means for determining and reducing
the volume of ashes within. These means are
a roller which exerts a compacting force on
ashes to reduce material approximately 65
percent. The ash pan be easily removed from
the incinerator when filled to capacity.
US-0354
Van Der Aue, C. R. (Whirlpool Corporation),
Incinerator ash reducer. U.S. 3,027,855;
filed Apr. 18, 1958; issued Apr. 3, 1962.
US-0355
Mustee, B. E. (E. L. Kustee and Sons, Inc.),
Incinerator ash shaker. U.S. 3,123,026;
filed May 19, 1961; issued Mar. 3, 1964.

This ash shaking assembly for domestic
incinerators is operable by a handle accessible
to an operator standing nearby. This handle
is movable along its axis. A novel feature of
160
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this device is the ease with which a burner
may be removed or replaced in the incinerator.
The burner cover is a cantilever beam which
terminates short of the rear end of the base
plate. It is therefore easy to reach through
and remove the burner through the opening.
There is no need to detach the grate.
-1
US-0356
Evans, T. E. Incinerator with afterburner.
U.S. 3,259,083; filed June 11, 1963; issued
July 5, 1966.

The afterburner on this incinerator consumes
all smoke and combustion by-products. The
total unit may be located adjacent to or in a
residential or business section without
rrn 713 ^^aa/e
creating a nuisance. A trash and garbage
incinerator of the conveyor type operates in
conjunction with an afterburner and settling
chamber; the afterburner chamber is of
large size, with walls formed or radiant heat
units to maintain a 2,100 F temperature for
complete consumption of all smoke and odor
products. The combustion chamber retains a
somewhat lower, 1,500 F temperature due to
action of a blower which provides a forced
draft.
US0357
GodeJ, A, Combustion process and apparatus.
U.S. 3,302,598; filed Jan. 13, 1965; issued
Feb. 7, 1967.

A process and apparatus for post-combustion in
furnaces which use solid fuel is employed here,
so as to attain calorific recovery of solid
combustion residues. An auxiliary furnace is
associated with a main furnace; clinkers and
grit emerging from the main furnace fall into
this auxilary unit; air is blown into the
base of this unit and effects more complete
combustion of this residue. All types of
furnaces may be used: inclined grate,
spreader-stoker type, conventional mechanical
type, and pulverized-fuel furnaces.
US-0358
Spencer, P. W. Incinerator and smoke abatement
apparatus. U.S. 3,330,231; filed Feb. 28,
1964; issued July 11, 1967.

The subject incinerator incorporates apparatus
which prevents the generation of smoke,
especially during the distillation and
ignition periods just following charging,
when the temperature is very high. Generally,
temperatures within the incinerator may be
carefully controlled at low levels. There are
means for spraying water on top of the charge
which are automatically controlled. This
control depends on temperature sensors within
161
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Incineration
the incinerator for its operation and keeps
the temperature down, as well as abates smoke.
most of the heat and smoke up for passage out
through the outer exhaust stack.
36
US-0359
Hoskinson, G. H. (Cornell-Hoskinson
Manufacturing Corporation), Waste products
combustion apparatus. U.S. 3,355,254;
filed Apr. 26, 1966; issued Nov. 28, 1967.

Problems of smoke and obnoxious gases are
eliminated with this burning apparatus. A
heat exchange unit can be mounted on a fire
burning apparatus thus providing a dual-purpose
incinerator-heater unit. This heat exchange
housing is constructed to facilitate the
cleaning operation. A blower fan is positioned
to pick up heat and smoke generated by
burning to feed it to the heat exchanger. When
not used as a heater, the unit may be solely
used for incineration purposes. The blower
should then remain at rest, thereby directing
US-0360
Ford, L. M., and D. M. Franklin (Steelcraft
Corporation) , Fly ash removal device for
incinerators. U.S. 3,395,656; filed Jan. 30,
1967; issued Aug. 6, 1958.

Fly ash and minute particles are removed from
the products of combustion of an incinerator.
The combustion chamber is surrounded by an
outer skin, with a flue mounted upon the
upper end of the combustion chamber.
Noncombustible liquid under pressure is supplied
to the upper part of the flue. The liquid is
supplied by a pair of series of nozzles. One
series of nozzles is placed vertically away
from the other series. The nozzles of each
series are positioned circumferentially in
the same plane. Fly ash and the minute
particles are wetted by this liquid as they pass
162
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through the flue with the products of combustion.
The fly ash and particles are entrained by the
liquid and are discharged with it. The
discharged liquid with the entrained fly ash
and particles is delivered down an open funnel
of concentric louvers to a basin, where the
liquid and entrained matter accumulate. The
accumulations are drained from the basin. This
process substantially increases the weight of
refractory wall exposed to the combustion
process, and a spaced, outer wall. The
incinerator has an outlet for the hot, dirty
combustion gases to leave the furnace and
enter the scrubber. The scrubber has water
sprays to reduce the temperature of the gases,
and to remove the impurities from the gases.
The cleaned, moisture-laden gases exhausting
from the wet scrubber are passed through the
space between the double incinerator walls
before being discharged to the atmosphere.
This not only cools the refractory lined wall
of the incinerator, but also raises the
temperature of the saturated gases. This
reduces the possibility of a visible steam
plume.
the free particles in the flue gases. This
allows the saturated particles to drop more
rapidly into the catch basin and therefore
away from the incinerator, where they cannot
be ignited. This decreases the possibility
of transmitting combustible materials to
other structures in the vicinity of the
incinerator.
US 0361
Kalika, P. W. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.),
Combination incinerator and wet scrubber
arrangement. U.S. 3,420,295; filed
Aug. 24, 1967; issued Jan. 7, 1969.

A combination incinerator and wet scrubber
incorporates an incinerator having an inner
US-0362
White, J. H. Effluent cleaner for waste burner.
U.S. 3,442,232; filed Nov. 9, 1967; issued
May 6, 1969.

tocated above a furnace such as a waste lumber
burner or an incinerator is an enclosure
housing various cooperating structures arranged
to receive the still-burning and burned
effluent material. The material is directed
through a predetermined sequence of quenching,
scrubbing, and filtering steps culminating
in the discharge to the atmosphere of gases
substantially devoid of noxious compounds. The
cleaner consists of a vertical, cylindrical
jacket defining a main chamber, an exhaust
stack, a number of flues connecting the main
chamber to the exhaust stack, and a compressed
air device for driving the waste effluent
through the apparatus. Guide vanes direct the
waste burner effluent. The spray from a
163
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Incineration
number of spray producing nozzles removes
impurities from the effluent.
US-0363
Andersen, L. H. (Clean Air Waste Reduction),
Incinerator having improved scrubber. U.S.
3,447,287; filed Dec. 18, 1967; issued June 3,
1969.

A scrubber and dryer apparatus is designed to
be useful in conjunction with municipal
incinerators for the removal of fly ash from
the gaseous combustion products. The scrubber
comprises a chamber having surface-porous
castable refractory piers in several rows, each
row of which is staggered with respect to the
proceeding row. The chamber widens from front
to rear and the spacing between adjacent piers
in each succeeding row decreases. The ash is
trapped by impingement on a continuous curtain
164
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of water disposed at the inlet of the scrubber
just upstream of the piers. Water to form
the curtain is pumped in and gases carry the
water downstream in relatively large droplets
to impinge on the piers where the water and
trapped ash flows off, The drying chamber
consists of a deflecting arch, having
openings, that directs the gases against the
chamber walls so that water is stripped from
them. The finally exhausted gases are
substantially clear air, having a tested dust
loading value of from 54 to 68 percent below
the commonly accepted standard of 0.85 Ib dust
per 1,000 Ib flue gas.
J6-
,|-- - - _ _^__-_

US-0364
Taylor, H. E., and D. R. Pearl (Combustion
Engineering, Inc.), Incinerator draft control
and vent valve. U.S. 3,447,493; filed Dec. 28,
1967; issued June 3, 1969.

A combined incinerator and wet scrubber is
designed so that the hot, dust-laden gases
exiting from the incinerator are scrubbed and
cleaned and then flow through the space
enclosed by a double wall arrangement of the
incinerator. A damper valve position in the
duct between the incinerator and the wet
scrubber maintains the incinerator at a
predetermined partial vacuum during normal
operation, and closes the duct when a
predetermined maximum temperature is sensed
downstream of the wet scrubber. The double-wall
construction consists of an inner refractory
lined wall and an outer metal casing.
US-0365
Dvirka, M. (Hagan Industries), Incinerator
and fly ash separator structure therefor.
U.S. 3,448,704; filed July 8, 1966; issued
June 10, 1969.

In an incinerator, a structure for separating
solid particles from combustion gases consists
of a settling chamber including inlet and
outlet passageways disposed relative to each
other. Combustion gases passing through the
settling chamber describe a curved path about
a center of curvature disposed between the
passageways, the outlet passageway having an
inlet disposed sufficiently adjacent to the
center of curvature so that the solid particles
of the gases passing through the chamber
migrate along involute paths, impinging on a
wall of the chamber and developing a high
165
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Incineration

pressure zone. The settling chamber has a
relief passageway intercommunicating the high
pressure zone of the settling chamber and the
exhaust flue of the incinerator.
US-0366
Fernandas, J. H. (Combustion Engineering, Inc.),
Incinerator-gas turbine cycle. U.S. 3,473,331;
filed Apr. A, 1968; issued Oct. 21, 1969.

A method of removing impurities from the
exhaust gases of an incinerator burning refuse
consists of first passing the gases in a heat
exchange relationship with compressed air. A
portion of the exhaust gases is then recirculated
back to the upper portion of the incinerator and
the remainder of the gases then pass through
the air pollution control equipment, such as
a wet scrubber, where the gases are cleaned.
The hot compressed air is used as the motive
fluid in driving a gas turbine. In this way
an efficient combination incinerator and gas
turbine arrangement is provided. The system
further incorporates the use of gas recirculation
to cool the combustion gases leaving the
incinerator to an acceptable 1,500 F before
entering the heat exchanger. With the proposed
system
excess
, requirements of quenching water and
air have been reduced to a minimum.
166
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Supplementary Equipment
US-0367
Ross, J. F. Combined incinerator and water
heater construction. U.S. 2,891,519; filed
Oct. 17, 1957; issued June 23', 1959.

This combined apparatus embodies a low pressure
boiler for heating hot water which includes an
incinerator chamber and a fluid fuel fired
heater chamber. The efficient, economical
combination provides means for heating hot water
portion of the tube being of a steel alloy of
greater strength when heated than the remainder
of the tube. This circumferential portion is
subjected to intense radiant heat developed by
a burning furnace.
10—
by either burning refuse or fluid fuel (oil,
gas). Improved boiler construction has a
casing with two longitudinally spaced
heating chambers. When garbage and refuse are
burned, hot water tubes located in the
incinerator and fuel-fired chambers are heated
simultaneously. The tubes are so disposed as
to effect the most efficient heat exchange
which creates optimum hot water boiler results.
US-0368
Argersinger, J. I. (Combustion Engineering,
Inc.), Heat exchanger. U.S. 2,936,740; filed
Dec. 6, 1956; issued May 17, 1960.
This tubular heat exchanger is used for
heating vapors. The tubes of this exchanger
are bi-metallic with the circumferential
14-
r
2
-14
US-0369
Clark, R. A. (Caloric Appliance Corporation),
Time-controlled latch mechanism for an
incinerator. U.S. 2,960,046; filed Dec. 12,
1958; issued Nov. 15, 1960.
167
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Incineration
An incinerator for burning mixed refuse includes
a combustion chamber and burner, an upper
charging door to admit refuse, and a lower
ash-receiving drawer. It is important to
keep the charging door closed during burning
to prevent danger to a person or damage to the
door itself. The burner cannot be turned on
except when the door is closed and vice versa.
To insure further safety, a time control will
control the function of the burner, not
allowing it to turn off until complete
combustion is effected. The charging door
and ash-receiving drawer work together, so
the locking of one automatically locks the
other.
protects the incinerator from being fouled up
by the flow of fly ash. Electrical operating
circuits permit the fan to operate along
automatically without the burner.
US-0371
McLouth, B. F. (Burn-Zol, Inc.), Incinerator.
U.S. 3,166,033; filed April 25, 1961; issued
Jan. 19, 1965.
US-0370
Haedike, E. J. (Mid-Continent Metal Products
Company), Incinerator burner control. U.S.
3,027,853; filed Aug. 26, 1959; issued Apr. 3,
1962.
An improved burner assembly in this incinerator
protects against adverse effects caused by
self-ignition and combustion within the
incinerator. This invention is used in a
conventional incinerator and envisions a
burner in a housing, a blower is mounted on it
along with a temperature-responsive switch
to operate the blower when the housing becomes
overheated. The improved burner-blower
168
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This device is designed for charging a
refuse-burning incinerator. Equipment of
this nature lias been improved to withstand
high incinerator temperatures without buckling
or warping. The novel feed passage construction
directs combustion air into the fire pot of the
incinerator so that all portions of the feed
passage are cooled to prevent damage. This
combustion air is also preheated so as to cause
improved combustion within the incinerator.
The fire door is extremely rugged in construction
and retains its capabilities though subjected
to heat and regular opening and closing.
provided, when excess heat becomes hazardous.
The mechanism is inexpensive, foolproof in
operation, and easy to install and maintain.
US-0372
Carrigan, E. D., and L. 0. Doyle (Atlas
Incinerators, Inc.), Safety device for
incinerators. U.S. 3,245,368; filed July 31,
1963; issued Apr. 12, 1966.

Incinerators connected to a building and fed
from within would utilize the safety device
featured here. In the tubular feeder sleeve
between building and incinerator there is a
self-closing door which is operable from
within the wall structure. Also a fire door on
the outer end may be located within the
building. The fire door is usually open for
feeding purposes, and the other door sometimes
stays open. Heat may present a fire hazard if
it stays open. A means for automatically
closing the fire door under gravity is
Vy^-X'/-/'/Af/r'/-//
-------
Incineration
A unique loading system and efficient combustion
chamber with an afterburner is embodied in
this incinerator. An exhaust system for
treating and cooling exhaust gases is also
featured. Power-operated loading means for
a hopper is controlled by the incinerator door,
whereby the door opens and closes automatically
in response to the hopper door.
Pressure-responsive means control the volume
of combustion air carefully. The exhaust
structure makes use of sprinkler means and
flow-directing means which cause washing and
cooling of upward flowing gases by flowing
water from the sprinkler. An overload
photo-electric eye mechanism alerts an operator
when the loading hopper is loaded to capacity.
US-0374
Sluiter, A. (Central Markets, Inc.), Incinerator
heating system, U.S. 3,379,146; filed Mar. 18,
1966; issued Apr. 23, 1968.

This apparatus utilizes heat generated from
waste incineration to raise the temperature of
a heat transfer fluid. This fluid is passed
through a heat exchanger suspended in the
upper part of the device to effect this
operation. The heated fluid is transferred to
a storage means and then circulated to a
building heating device. The circulation of
the heat transfer fluid to the heat exchanger
is controlled by a flame-sensing device. A
device of this nature would work well in
buildings, such as supermarkets, where large
quantities of waste.accumulate. Heat produced
may be stored prior to use; supplementary
US0375
Olsen, A. R. (Dresser Industries, Inc.),
Air-cooled wall construction for incinerators.
U.S. 3,380,409; filed June 13, 1966;
issued Apr. 30, 1968.
An air-cooled wall construction plan for
refuse incinerators is proposed. The outer
shell is of asbestos, metal, or similar material;
a refractory wall fabricated of numerous
courses of hollow refractory tile extends
vertically from spaced structural supporting
members. This construction allows a flow of
air to circulate and cool the furnace.
US-0376
Ford, L. M. (Steelcraft Corporation), Means
for pre-heating air for introduction into
incinerators. U.S. 3,396,683; filed
June 21, 1967; issued Aug. 13, 1968.
heating means are also supplied when
waste-supplied heat is not sufficient.
An incinerator is constructed such that it has
an inner liner and an outer skin, and includes
an air chamber between the two layers of the
incinerator. External atmospheric air is
admitted between the outer skin and the inner
liner. This dissipates the external heat of
the incinerator, while the air absorbs this
heat, A duct is connected to this space
between the outer skin and the inner liner
of the incinerator so as to receive the pre-heated
air. The duct is connected to a blower fan
170
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and communicates with the interior of the
incinerator to deliver pre-heated air to the
incinerator. The pre-heated air is provided
through the grates of the incinerator, and
facilitates the burning of refuse there.
US-0377
Moegling, E. (Babcock and Wilcox, Ltd.), Refuse
boiler in combination with a high pressure
power station boiler. U.S. 3,397,677;
filed Apr. 21, 1967; issued Aug. 20, 1968.
A high pressure power electric generating
system comprises a high pressure power boiler,
a turbine, means for generating high pressure
fluid in the boiler, means for passing the
fluid from the boiler to the turbine, a flow
circuit including both low and high pressure
portions, a refuse burning boiler, and the
means for generating low pressure fluid by
the combustion of refuse. An indirect heat
exchanger is located in the fluid flow circuit
leading to the high pressure power boiler and
by which the low pressure fluid is passed
through this heat exchanger. Variations are
described whereby the parallel circuit
arrangement of the refuse boiler and the
power boiler can be used. This variation
applies to the low or high heat values of the
waste material. A condenser is arranged in
series relationship with the refuse boiler,
in the event of shutdown of high pressure
power system.
US-0378
Christophel, R. L. (Shenandoah Manufacturing
Company, Inc.), Gas burner assembly for
incinerators. U.S. 3,420,613; filed Oct. 10,
1966; issued Jan. 7, 1969.

A smooth-working assembly including a number
of standard parts is provided by positioning
the parts in such a space relationship as to
avoid practically all of the many objections
to gas burners for small outdoor incinerators.
The primary purpose is to arrange the parts
so that minimum attention need be given the
assembly. A main gas burner is connected to a
source of gas by a passageway having in it a
safety valve for shutting off the flow of gas
in the event of flame failure. The main gas
burner has a discharge head and a pilot is
located adjacent to that discharge head. The
thermocouple is so positioned that it is
energized not only from the adjacent pilot
burner but also by the radiated heat from
the main burner flame. There is a stabilizing
shield to house the pilot and the thermocouple.
US-0379
Hoskinson, G. H. (Cornell-Hoskinson Manufacturing
Company), Trash burner charging apparatus.
U.S. 3,428,198; filed Nov. 1, 1965; issued
Feb. 18, 1969.

A waste disposal cart for feeding waste
material into a waste burning unit consists
of a refuse receiving casing which is shiftable
back and forth within wheeled frames. The
cart further includes a pusher board construction
which enables the refuse to be pushed forward
from an open end of the casing into the burner.
US-0380
Studler, A. R. Retort incinerator. U.S.
3,456,603; filed Oct. 24, 1967; issued July 22,
1969.
A retort incinerator is adapted to receive and
completely eradicate combustible waste materials
171
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Incineration
which have been previously treated in a
preliminary incinerator or furnace. It
consists of a combustion chamber where the
material is blown tangentially to create a
whirling action. A burner is positioned
horizontal to the floor of the retort and
faces the same direction as the flow of the
incoming waste material, further enhancing
the whirling flow and simultaneously burning
and disintegrating the wastes. The top
portion of the chamber is designed to receive
the whirling mass after a suitable pressure
has been built up. Vent holes in the upper
portion of the retort reduce the pressure and
allow the wastes to be completely burned prior
to exit through the stack.
US-0381
Connell, J. M. , and W. A. Gardner (Foster
Wheeler Corporation), Waste incinerator steam
generator-flash evaporator desalination unit.
U.S. 3,467,587; filed Jan. 5, 1966; issued
Sept. 16, 1969.

To partially offset the expense of incinerator
operation, ancillary uses of the waste heat
byproduct have been made. A combined
incineration-desalination system utilizes a
low cost and readily available local waste
refuse as a fuel. The incinerator includes a
broiler which generates steam. The desalination
unit comprises a brine heater in which brackish
water or sea water is heated by the steam from
the boiler and a multistage flash evaporator in
which the heated steam is flashed into vapor,
the vapor then condersing as potable water. A
portion of the potable water may be withdrawn
from the multistage flash evaporator at the
hottest portion supplying make-up feed water
to the boiler, while the remainder of the potable
water is withdrawn toward the cold end of the
STEAM
~V? I7~~J$H3 5G , I97
"—1 ^ U
57, CST2V V/
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-••'C "^36a fi°
172
-------
evaporator. A by-pass means is provided to
assure continuous incinerator operation when
the desalination unit is inoperative. The
system can provide inexpensive waste disposal
and enough potable water to meet plant
requirements. Refuse disposal and potabJe
water production operating costs are tabulated.
US-0382
Luge, K. E., and W. Braun (Metallgesellschaft
A.G.), Method for cooling the combustion
gases of refuse incinerators. U.S. 3,477,203;
filed May 1, 1968; issued Nov. 11, 1969.
The hot combustion gases of refuse incinerators
may be readily cooled prior to their treatment
in electrostatic dust separators, without
unduly affecting the dew point of such gases
or unduly increasing the volume of gases to be
treated in the separators. The essence of
the process is a two-step system for cooling
the hot combustion gases by first partially
cooling the gases to about 600 C by spraying
water into the gases in the furnace in such a
way that the water is completely vaporized,
and then by further cooling the gases outside
the furnace to about 300 to 400 C with air.
The cooling liquid, usually water, is injected
into the furnace under such conditions that it
becomes and remains completely vaporized in
the furnace so as to prevent the formation of
sludge in the furnace. The volume of the
furnace has to be large enough so that at
temperatures of 600 to 900 C there is adequate
time for the water to be completely vaporized
in the furnace while the hot gases are still
present. The duration time is not long
enough in order to cool the gases directly to
a temperature of 300 to AOO C and therefore,
it is necessary to further cool the gases with
cool air.
US-0383
Carson, A. B. (The Garrett Corporation),
Transpiration-cooled incinerator. U.S.
3,478,706; filed Feb. 12, 1968; issued
Nov. 18, 1969.
The incinerator has composite walls consisting
of an imperforate outer casing enclosing an
inner casing formed with perforated walls
spaced by a layer of air-pervious fireproof
insulating means, such .as glass, metallic, or
mineral fibers. The outer casing is spaced
from the inner casing to form a manifold for
receiving air under pressure which flows
through the walls and insulation of the inner
casing to support combustion and prevent
outward flow of heat. The fibrous material
functions first to reduce radiative heat flux,
and second to permit inward air flow from the
manifold to reduce heat flux by conduction
through the fibers and convection through the
wall. Elongated heat-dissipating elements
yieldably space the inner and outer casings
and the walls of the former are relatively
movable so that the inner casing may expand and
contract in response to thermal variations.
Suitable shielding may be provided on or around
the inner casing to dissipate the heat and
prevent direct heat radiation from the inner
casing to the walls of the outer casing.
Ignition and smoke burners and an exhaust
stack also receive air from the air manifold.
The incinerator is mainly designed for
incineration of wastes from military or other
kitchens which serve large groups of people.
US0384
Bakker, L., J. C. Conde, and E. D. Krumm
(Air Preheater Company, Inc.), Loader for an
incinerator. U.S. 3,486,644; filed Oct. 14,
1968; issued Dec. 30, 1969.

This device feeds an incinerator with trash
and refuse while preventing the unplanned
173
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Storage
discharge of exhaust smoke. An arrangement of
pivoted doors acts to prevent smoke leakage.
One door covers the combustion chamber while
the other door compacts trash in order to
offer a substantial resistance to any escaping
-37
fumes. Refuse is compressed in a confined
passageway leading to the combustion chamber
in order to resist the flow of gases which
exhaust from the incinerator during the
charging operation.
STORAGE
US-0385
Poulsen, A
U.S. 2,411
1946.
Low, relatively small carts are used as
receptacles, and their contents are dumped
into large trucks for transport elsewhere.
Special use has been found for this apparatus
in fields where bulky vegetables or similar
materials are handled. The low carts are
close enough to the ground to enable pickers
to toss their material cuickly into the cart
with minimum damage. Such an, arrangement
would also be adaptable to refuse collection
operations.
US-0386
Lee, R. L. (S. and F. Company), Bag container.
U.S. 2,631,629; filed Apr. 21, 1950; issued Mar.
1953.
17,
E. Portable cart dumping apparatus.
,228; filed June 2, 1944; issued Nov. 19,
l-ff
This bag-type container has an elastic opening
in the top and is adapted to be suspended
from this opening. The bag is formed of a
tube of plastic film material. The restricted
elastic opening includes a loop member which
is in the form of a cotton-covered elastic
ribbon. An eyelet or grommet is applied to
the bag immediately adjacent to the loop
member so that the container can be suspended
by a cord or a loop of tape. When the
container is filled and suspended by the eyelet,
the weight of the contents will be transmitted
from the lower portion of the bag to the
elastic loop member.
US0387
Kelley, R. A. Receptacle closure. U.S.
2,685,983; filed Oct. 13, 1953; issued Aug.
1954.
10,
174
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A closure for waste receptacles can be
pivotally mounted to the receptacle top. The
closure device is a relatively flat plate
being somewhat larger than the receptacles. A
portion of the lid extends to the rear and
•22
has several lugs. A unique hinge is attached
to the rear of the can. The rear portion is
disposed between two ears with lugs on each
side. A rim on the closure mechanism interlocks
with the rim of the receptacle. To open the
receptacle, the lid is moved forward unlocking
it and then it may be lifted. When closed,
the lid may be locked by pushing the lowered
lid to the rear of the container. To remove
the lid, it is lifted vertically from the
lowered, unlocked position.
US 0388
Rosenbaum, A. S. Bulk material cart. U.S.
3,308,974; filed July 28, 1965; issued Mar.
1967.
14,
This cart is self-propelled and self-unloading
and is adapted for transporting bulky materials.
An open-topped box is mounted on a chassis
by four spacer blocks. The box has a flat
bottom, parallel side walls, and inclined end
walls with one end wall having a hinged
discharge opening. A pair of rubber tires are
attached to a rear axle and a single rubber
tire drive wheel for steering and driving is
located on the front of the cart. The power
for the motor is supplied from a battery
mounted on the front of the cart. The DC motor
is reversible and controlled by a switch. A
conveyor is located in the box for discharging
the material through the discharge opening.
The only manual operation necessary is the
steering of the cart.
US-0389
Remig, P. W. Releasable tension holder for
removable receptacle covers. U.S. 3,363,924;
filed Dec. 30, 1965; issued Jan. 16, 1968.
175
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Storage
This cover holding device for a garbage can
secures the lid so that it cannot be accidentally
removed. The holder device has a pair of
elongated continuous flattened looped rubber
bodies with curved ends. One end is adapted
to be secured to a can handle and the other
end to the handle on the cover. Removal is
accomplished by expanding one of the rubber
straps and releasing the hook connecting it
to the can handle.
US-0390
Zeilstra, C. F., and C. R. Zeilstra. Rubbish
carrying hand cart. U.S. 3,366,397; filed
May 9, 1966; issued Jan. 30, 1968.
This rubbish carrying hand cart is designed
to ease the difficulty of workmen walking with
heavy loads. The cart is used to transfer
rubbish from a place of deposit by a building
to a large rubbish-receiving truck parked
some distance away. The moulded body of the
cart is open at the top with the bottom
having a recessed portion near the back for
lifting the cart for dumping. The bottom of
the cart is inclined so that it can be moved
along without stubbing on any irregular
pavings. The front of the cart slopes upward
for easy unloading and has a top rim to
reinforce the body and help it retain its
shape. A handle having a bail or U-shape is
attached to the back upper portion of the
cart. An operator can move the cart by
rocking it about on its wheels and pushing it
to the desired position. When the cart is
full, it is moved to a site of rubbish
collection. It is easily dumped into the
truck by gripping the handle with one hand
and the recess with the other and dumping.
US-0391
Faccio, F., and D. Constantine Bag for
storing soiled laundry or waste. U.S.
3,369,584; filed May 26, 1967; issued Feb. 20.
1968.
This laundry or hamper bag for collecting
soiled and particularly contaminated laundry
or waste may be tightly closed without
necessitating direct physical or even close
contact with the contents of the bag. This is
accomplished by turnirg up an outer cover of
the bag from a lower position exposing the
filling end of the bag, to an upper position
protuding about the filling end, and then
closing the ends of the outer cover. This
forms a completely closed envelope . The bag
can be filled in a conventional manner and
may also be suspended in open condition from
a conventional stand or frame while the bag
is gradually being filled.
176
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US-0392
Pinto, P. J. (William E. Young), Grouping of
flexible bags. U.S. 3,380,579; filed June 20,
1967; issued Apr. 30, 1968.

This automatic self-opening plastic film bag
of square construction is grouped with similar
bags and provided with a pair of apertures
extending through the face and back of the
bag and with an aperture provided in each
of the bag. Opening is effected by simply
pulling, the flanges apart.
K>
26-
tuck or gusset. The pair of apertures are
aligned when the bag is in a folded position.
The bags are grouped together in lots such as
fifty, and are joined together at their face
and back so that all of the apertured holes in
the groups of bags are aligned. This device
may be employed for garbage disposal.
US-0393
Siegel, K. H. (ASF Gleitverschulss G.m.b.H.),
Flexible container of plastic material. U.S.
3,389,733; filed June 6, 1966; issued June 25,
1968.

The container comprises a tubular bag made of
flexible plastic and has a closure device of
the same material molded as an integral part
of the bag. The closure comprises two component
flanges, male and female, running parallel to
each other around the inner circumference of the
tube. These can be interlocked, one with the
other by hand pressure, thus providing closure
US-0394
Gale, J. A., and W, A. Eastman (John A. Gale
Company), Continuous bag system. U.S.
3,392,825; filed Jan. 26, 1966; issued July 16,
1968.

A continuous bag system is provided from a
continuous plastic tubular section. The
tubular section includes a folding process
with means provided between adjacent bags to
permit separation of orte bag from the
continuous line of bags provided. The folding
process includes a pleating arrangement to
pleat transversely to the continuous section
and provide a compact bag section to be
housed within an integrated container for
the bags. One use for such a container and
bag system would be for lining a waste
container by placing the container unit on
the bottom of the waste basket and pulling
the bags upward as they are required. The
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Storage
bags are made of polyethylene or other type
plastic.
/O
US-0395
Clauser, R. C. Sanitary garbage receptacle
closure. U.S. 3,393,825; filed
Sept. 1A, 1965; issued July 23, 1968.
to
This garbage can has an aerosol disinfectant
bomb attached to the underside of its cover.
The bomb may be a liquid charged with gas or
a low-boiling liquid under pressure. The
disinfectant may he any sprayable liquid
suitable for use in a garbage can. The
activator mechanism for the bomb extends
through tha container lid so that small
amounts of the disinfectant can be sprayed
on the refuse while the container lid is
closed.
US 0396
Anderson, L. R. Collapsible leaf cart. U.S.
3,394,946; filed Sept. 24, 1965; issued July 30,
1968.
,96 14,
16
.70'
.ra-f-'
is.
71-
.'•.>z-.'-
U-shaped tubular members are threaded through
edges of rectangular portions of a single
sheet of flexible material, each having their
distal ends hingedly mounted to a side leg of
another member so that they fold flat in
superimposed relationship for storage. They
can be erected in the form of a leaf cart, with
the end panel pivoted to a vertical end of
one side panel for movement in opposite directions
from its operative position. The right
portions of the side panels may be inclined
over a portion of their length to assist in
inverting and emptying the cart. After the
cart has been filled with leaves or other
refuse, it can be unloaded with facility and
without undue scattering of leaves, either by
inverting the cart with the handle removed up and
over or by releasing the tail gate structure.
US-0397
Kilgore, W, E. (Albemarle Paper Company),
Refuse sack. U.S. 3,396,902; filed July 17,
1967; issued Aug. 13, 1968.
178
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A sack with a leakproof closure is manufactured
by providing a partially finished sack having
two faces, two gussets, and two ends. The
two faces are partially stepped back a
relatively small distance from one end to
expose at least part of both inner sides of
each of the two gussets. A tape is folded
lengthwise over one end and the tape is
secured to the exposed sides of each of the
two gussets and to adjacent parts of each of
the two faces.
US 0398
Rolph, E. J. Trash receptacle and handling
means. U.S. 3,404,819; filed Dec. 19, 1966;
issued Oct. 8, 1968. 22,
24
28
This trash receptacle and handling apparatus
is particularly adapted to hold bundles of
horticultural prunings, such as tree limbs,
so that they are readily loaded into municipal
trash-collecting vehicles. The receptacle is
composed of a flexible sheet with handles
secured along one edge of the sheet. The
handles are provided with hooks which are
designed to pass through eyelets on the
opposite end of the flexible sheet, so that
trash may be readily bundled and carried by
the handles. The trash may be quickly
released by tilting handles so that the hooks
will bo released from the eyelets on the
edge of the sheet. The flexible sheet is
relieved from its looped position to a
straight open position.
US-0399
Seifort, A. Garbage can cover. U.S. 3,411,659;
filed Oct. 2, 1967; issued Nov. 19, 1968.

A garbage can cover has its lower end formed
as a seating edge which is engageable with
the opening of a garbage can. It is composed
of a deep body of a semi-spherical contour,
which extends a material distance above its
seating edge. The cover will properly close
a garbage can packed with an excess of material
because of this large dome. This body is
constituted of flexible resilient material,
but the edge is rigid. The upper central
portion of the cover is provided with an
annular recess which encircles a hand grip.
The grip has a locking portion which engages
with an attachment centrally located in the
annular recess. The handle is capable of
being readily gripped in any direction. The
cover fits the garbage can securely and
cannot be easily dislodged by the elements or
by animals. The cover will fit a number of
cans of varying circumference, or cans that
have been knocked out of shape.
US-0400
Webber, C. Refuse can cover and crusher.
U.S. 3,411,722; filed Aug. 23, 1966; issued
Nov. 19, 1968.
179
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Storage
This refuse can cover is equipped with a can
and bottle crusher. A compartment attached to
the cover receives the empty bottle or tin
can and, then, a plate is lowered to crush the
container. The compartment can be opened to
drop its contents into the waste receptacle.
US-0401
Boyd, A. C. Animal shock devices for refuse
cans. U.S. 3,480,176; filed Jan. 4, 1968;
issued Nov. 25, 1969.
A device for preventing scavenging animals
from interfering with refuse cans, such as
those containing garbage and trash, is
constructed for detachable connection with a
can. The can should be of conducting material
and insulated from the ground while the device
imparts an electric charge which is grounded
through the body of the animal in contact with
the can. The device imparts an output in a
pulsating DC high voltage current of from 300
to 600 volts and a variable ground system
varies the output voltage. A housing is
provided for enclosing the device which
imparts the pulsating high voltage current
through a hook device that can be connected
detachably with the can.
Containers
US0402
Wolff, B. S., and II. Gottesman. Receptacle
for waste disposal. U.S. 2,411,015; filed
May 11, 1944; issued Nov. 12, 1946.
This improved waste receptacle is formed from
a single blank sheet iraterial which is supplied
to the user in flat condition and set up for
use when needed. To assemble the receptacle,
the material is folded on indicated lines and
secured with tabs. The back of the receptacle

is a separate piece secured by tabs; the
upper end of the receptacle is connected to
the container, but is not fastened by tabs.
This permits the user to swing the lid up and
deposit waste material. Paper or similar
material such as plastic can be used and a
water-proof bag should be placed inside the
receptacle.
US-0403
Solomon, J. H. Waste receptacle. U.S.
2,435,105; filed Jan. 14, 1946; issued Jan. 27,
1948.
This waste receptacle is: made up of an inner
can which lies within an outer can. A pedal
180
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is attached to two rods; when depressed, it
raises the level of the inner can and opens
the lid of the outer can simultaneously. The
rod which raises the inner can is an extension
of the pedal which pivots on the wall of the
can. The rod which raises the lid is connected
to the pedal by means of an eye. A small
container is attached to the inside top of
the inner can, where disinfectant, deodorant,
or antiseptic can be placed for control of
unpleasant odors.
receptacle bag. This eliminates odor and
promotes sanitary conditions in public rest
US-0404
Miller, C. E. (Time Oil Company), Disposal
receptacle. U.S. 2,458,868; filed Dec. 9,
; issued Jan. 11, 1949.
A disposal receptacle is used in ladies' rest
rooms for the disposal of used sanitary
napkins. The rectangular receptacle is
mounted on any wall, attached from the back
to the wall. This back portion is hinged so
that the entire receptacle body can be swung
away from the wall for removal of the
collection bag. A receiving opening has a
hinged door that is manufactured in such a
manner that, when opened, only one napkin can
be inserted. Two lids are arranged one
behind the other so that when the first lid
is raised, the second is located just below
the level of the opening. The napkin is
placed on the second lid and the top lid
closed. As the lids are returned to their
original position, the napkin falls into the
y
US-0405
Bloomfield, S. (C. E. Hovey), Waste
container. U.S. 2,465,839; filed May 7, 1945;
issued Mar. 29, 1949.
24
781
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Storage
This waste container is used when waste
collects rapidly and space is limited. It is
small in size and has means for compressing
the waste materials as they are collected.
The receptacle is cylindrical in shape with
an open top for receiving waste. It is
contained within a housing that has a hinged
lid with a plunger attached for compaction.
Springs maintain the plunger in the normal
position. As waste is collected in the
container, it is necessary for the operator
to step on the plunger pedal to compress
the waste.
US 0406
Myers, D. C. Garbage or refuse disposal unit.
U.S. 2,500,466; filed June 18, 1947; issued
Mar. 14, 1950.
This garbage or refuse container has an inner
receptacle which is removable and constructed
of paper or other cheap material. The outer
casing of the receptacle is cylindrical with a
hinged lid to be opened by hand. An inner
supporting frame is designed to fit inside
the outer can. It has a circular or annular
base in the form of a ring with four legs or
channel bars attached. Two of the supporting
bars are hinged so that when the bag is
Inserted inside, it can be closed by swinging
the upper sections of the hinged supports
inward. When disposing of the bag, the entire
inner frame is removed and the bag disposed
of.
US-0407
Herman!, L. (Continental Can Company, Inc.),
Container for refuse. U.S. 2,532,165; filed
July 2, 1945; issued Nov. 28, 1950.

This refuse container has a pedal-operated
lift for the hinged lid. An inner container
for refuse is located in a housing to which the
lid is attached. This container has a handle
for easy removal when full. The lid to the
outer container is a:tached to a rod within
the body wall. A foot-operated pedal,
attached to the rod, is stepped on to expand
the rod for lifting the lid. A small cup is
located inside the lid to fill with antiseptic
for odor control.
US -MOB
Snider, A. M. Waste disposal unit. U.S.
2,533,524; filed Dec. 20, 1945; issued Dec. 12,
1950.
A waste receptacle can be used in a kitchen,
doctor's office, or other apartment where
materials are likely to accumulate. An
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outer container is adapted to support a holder
which accommodates a bag or receptacle. The
holder is a rectangular open-wire cage formed
of vertical wires connecting top and bottom
rectangular rings and several rings between.
An open-wire grid is hinged to the bottom of
the cage. A pair of hinged wire loops are
secured to the upper ring and they swing
outward when the bag is placed in the cage,
When the bag is to be removed, the loops
are grasped with the hands, the cage carried
to a receiving can, and the hinged bottom
released to allow the paper bag to fall in
the can. The cage is contained in a
pentagonally shaped receptacle, provided with
a hinged cover, operated by means of a foot
pedal.
US-0409
Beyer, C. J. Waste receiver. U.S. 2,553,232;
filed Oct. 1, 1949; issued May 15, 1951.

This dental waste receiver has a throw-away
inner receptacle and automatic waste-removing
and retaining means. The cotton a dentist
uses in his work tends to adhere to the
forceps and causes a unique disposal problem.
A small cylindrical receptacle is adapted to be
positioned on the dentist's work tray. It
is comprised of an exterior body within which
is mounted a removable throw-away receptacle
retained and hidden from view by a closure.
The closure has small slits through which the
used cotton absorbent may be inserted by the
forceps and removed as the forceps are
withdrawn. Such slits are deflectable under
a downward force and move back to their
original position when the force is removed.
Construction of the receptacle is economical
and is adapted to be replaced with each
patient for complete sanitation.
US-0410
Morrison, R. H. , and J. E. Badgley. Waste
container. U.S. 2,554,048; filed June 22,
1946; issued May 22, 1951.

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This waste container is adapted for household
use and has a disposable inner lining. The
container can be mounted on a panel that
forms part of a wall or cabinet. A rectangular
opening with a hinged door is used for
housing the receptacle, the door being
opened by a foot-operated latch. The
container is riveted in place on the back of
183
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Storage
a cabinet door or wall by upper and lower
straps. A removable bottom is provided in
the container for the purpose of cleaning.
Liner bags are stored in the space between
the container and the door. A hinged lid
covers the top of the receptacle and swings
open when the door is opened. This container
is concealed from view with the door closed
and is always in position for convenient use.
US-0411
Henkin, M. (Metalcraft Manufacturing
Corporation), Trash container. U.S. 2,566,128;
filed April 2, 1948; issued Aug. 28, 1951.
HA—
lie-
116
-41
—43
The trash container is a simple device with a
pedal-operated hinged lid. The body of the
container is rectangular in shape with front
and rear support means. The lid is hinged
to the side of the container and, by means
of a gasket, it seals the container upon
closing. On the outside of the container a
shaft is attached to the rear of the lid near
the hinge. This shaft is connected by hooks
and eyes to a foot-operated pedal on the front
of the container. Pressing down on the pedal
expands the shaft causing the lid to open.
The lid is closed by allowing the pedal to
resume its original position. A handle for
carrying the container is located above and
to the rear of the hinge which keeps spillage
of garbage at a minimum.
US-0412
Lehman, R. Combined waste can, lid, and
enclosure. U.S. 2,621,099; filed Dec. 15,
1949; issued Dec. 9, 1952.
An odorless and sanitary storage structure is
provided for waste receptacles. Its cabinet
form is rectangular and constructed of thin
sheet metal. A drawer comprising a bottom
wall and a front wall is contained within the
II
cabinet. Along the bottom wall of the
drawer is a pair of guide tracks for horizontal
travel. A cylindrical rod is diagonally
attached to the ends of the drawer and to a
horizontal rod above the tracks. By pulling
on the handle of the cabinet, the drawer is
partially withdrawn from the housing. As the
drawer is moved, the rollers move toward the
rear of the cabinet, the diagonal rod is
moved to a horizontal position, and the
horizontal rod moved to a diagonal position.
This allows the can placed in the drawer to
be tilted toward the user. Easy access to
the can is now possible, making removal of
the can relatively simple.
US-0413
Davis, H. G. Waste receptacle. U.S. 2,644,737;
filed July 21, 1947; issued July 7, 1953.

This combined waste receptacle is adapted to
receive waste food or combustible material.
184
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The housing of the receptacle has upper and
lower compartments, the latter with a receiving
drawer for waste foods and the former with
receiving means for comhustible materials. A
partition separates the two compartments in the
rectangular housing. The drawer in the lower
compartment can be moved in and out of the
housing be means of four rollers attached to
B< TIT
the container and independent of the housing.
A carriage in the housing keeps the drawer in
place. The drawer is moved out by applying
pressure on a foot pedal on the side of the
container. It is returned to its position
by spring means. A sealing plate seals the
drawer when it is pushed into the rear of the
housing. On the upper compartment, the lid
can be opened manually or by applying
pressure to a second foot pedal. The
container in the upper compartment may be
removed from the housing by means of a handle.
US-0414
Maxwell, J. A. Soda fountain refuse disposal
unit. U.S. 2,680,560; filed Oct. 4, 1947;
issued June 8, 1954.

A hole in the top of the soda fountain
cabinet, for disposing of refuse, has been
designed with a refuse container located
directly below. A V-shaped container fastened
to a hinged door is used. A door is hinged on
the bottom side so that when swung out, the
open container top clears the cabinet for easy
removal. The V-shape allows valuable floor
15
17—
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-16

S8
If
space behind the container to be useable.
necessary to service any equipment in the
cabinet, the panel and container can be
removed by lifting. A wire mesh screen is
placed over the bottom of the refuse container
and mechanical equipment compartment to
prevent rats and other rodents from entering.
US-0415
Hagen, B. E. Ash disposal unit for fireplace.
U.S. 2,733,708; filed June 4, 1952; issued
Feb. 7, 1956.
33
This ash disposal unit is utilized in
connection with a fireplace for receiving
the ashes formed in the firebox from burning
wood charcoal, or other materials. The unit
is located in the fireplace and may be
adapted for receiving the ashes formed on the
firebox floor and for removal as a single
entity. Disposal is thus completed by a
simple lifting from the firebox floor. The
185
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Storage
disposal unit includes a rectangular frame
installed as the rim of an opening formed in
the firebox floor. It is a closed metal
box-like receptacle which rests upon a flange
of the frame. A two-part cover is detachably
mounted on the frame, and normally overlies
the top of the receptacle. The forward cover
member is wholly removable, and the rear member
is tillable to adapt the ash receptacle to be
lifted for the purpose of emptying its
contents.
A waste disposal unit of this nature would be
used in establishments rfhere waste matter is
unsanitary, obnoxious, or non-hygienic in
US-0416
Cleghorn, J. (J, Cleghorn, and R. A. DiMeo),
Portable refuse container. U.S. 3,321,130;
filed Jan. 21, 1965; issued May 23, 1967.
I2
This refuse container makes use of a disposable
bag liner. A container has a hollow body
with openings at both ends. Its slideable
base can be withdrawn from the container body
allowing the bag to be dropped out of the
container. Storage means for additional bags
is located behind the hollow tube. A pivotal
handle is attached to the top of the container
and covers the storage area when not in use.
Gravitational force wijl cause a filled bag
and its contents to be discharged through the
bottom of the container when the base is
removed.
US0417
Lewis, E. C, (E. C. Lewis, and Alumasc
Limited), Waste disposal unit. U.S. 3,323,714;
filed July 25, 1966; issued June 6, 1967.
nature. The container has a rear casing
which may be mounted for use and a front
cover hinged to its lower end to the rear
casing. The hollow interior accomodates a
bag suspended by its mouth portion from the
upper part of the rear casing and from the
upper part of the front ^over. This bag is
opened and closed by corresponding movement
of the front cover which is spring loaded by
a tension spring connected to the rear casing.
An electric heating element to heat seal the
plastic receptacle bags is located in the top
186
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of the rear casing. A switch is concealed
from view by means of a top panel. Removal
and transportation of the sealed bag is
under side of this supporting plate. A
receptacle-supporting platform is movably
mounted in the housing above the motor-supporting
plate. The motor raises and lowers the
platform in the housing by cable means. A
receptacle frame is mounted on and extends
upward from the supporting platform. Two
cooperating lid sections are pivotally secured
to the frame and positioned for engaging the
refuse receptacle carried on the platform.
An electrical switch controls the motor. When
lowered, the receptacle is impermeable to
flies, rats, and vermin.
US-0419
Berg, B. L. Trash container for automobiles.
U.S. 3,357,614; filed Oct. 7, 1966; issued
Dec. 12, 1967.
accomplished in a high degree of cleanliness
and hygiene.
US-0418
Shell, N. B. Retractable refuse receptacle
assembly. U.S. 3,356,183; filed Aug. 4, 1966;
issued Dec. 5, 1967.

A retractable refuse receptacle assembly can
be positioned in an underground location and
can be easily elevated to provide access to the
receptacle. The housing is located underground
and has a motor-supporting plate mounted in
the bottom, with the motor mounted on the
This trash container for automobiles is
designed with its bottom curved to fit the
transmission hump. The open-topped,
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Storage
rectangular container is held to the hump by
prongs. These prongs pierce through and hook
under the floor covering. Each prong is a
longer leg of a U while the shorter leg lies
over the floor covering to stabilize the clip.
The shorter leg has a projection at a 90
degree angle to the U which is attached to the
receptacle to stabilize it. The receptacle
may be installed and removed by vertical
movement.
paper garbage bag. The receptacle is generally
rectangular in shape with a hinged bottom
attached to one side, which is also hinged.
A carrying handle of a squared C-shape, for
fitting about the outer surfaces of the
receptacle, is provided. The walls of the
US-0420
Cowan, A. A., and H. T. Linde (The Bobrick
Corporation), Waste receptacle having a
semi-recessed container. U.S. 3,367,528;
filed Aug. 12, 1965; issued Feb. 6, 1968.
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II
A waste receptacle is used in washrooms and
is semi-recessed in a housing which is recessed
in a wall. The housing is mounted in a wall
and the rectangular container placed within
it. A shield extends downward from the top
of the housing and has a means attached for
locking the receptacle in the housing. Only
part of the open-topped receptacle is
permanently exposed at all times. A removable
sack can be placed in the receptacle for
convenient removal of waste.
container maintain the sides of the bag
placed inside. The container is designed to
contain any liquid which may seep out of the
bag. To remove the bag, the lock is released
on the bottom of the container with the
container held in the air. The bag quickly
drops out of the holder. Hinging the sides
and placing the latch on the bottom prevents
jamming of the bag holder tube by large or
irregularly shaped itens.
US-0421
Lindholm, W. H., and D. W. Lindholm.
Bag-lined garbage receptacle. U.S. 3,370,787;
filed June 8, 1966; issued Feb. 27, 1968.

A bag-lined garbage receptacle of this type
provides support for the side walls of a
US-0422
Voorhees, F. T. (Barlow Manufacturing Company),
Collapsible container modified. U.S. 3,372,725;
filed July 1, 1965; issued Mar. 12, 1968.

This collapsible container comprises a rigid
base pan, a flexible tubular wall attached to
the pan, and a movable top cover attached to
the wall. A brace between the pan and the
top cover is employed for maintaining the
188
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container in an erect position, and for
facilitating emptying the container when folded.
US 0423
Mongelluzzo, A. E. Prefabricated trash
container. U.S. 3,379,335; filed Mar. 1, 1966,
issued Apr. 23, 1968.
This prefabricated trash container is for use
on submarines. This container has only one
structural part while the older prefabricated
container has 13 separate parts. The sheet
is generally rectangular with a circular flap
construction on each longitudinal edge. One
of the flaps has slots while the other has a
number of tabs. The slots of the flaps are
adapted for engagement with the tabs of the
sheet and the tabs on the other flap for
engagement with the slots on the sheet. The
tabs on the sides of the sheet are inserted
into slots on the opposite side and bent to
secure the cylindrical form. The bottom flap
is secured to the sheet in the same method
and the top one left open until the container
is filled with trash.
US-0424
Benfield, J. W. Waste receptacle. U.S.
3,381,814; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued May 7,
1968.
-34
33- -
This waste receptacle is especially designed
to be positioned on a dentist's work tray.
The cotton pellets used to dry or medicate
a tooth cavity present a unique disposal
problem. This container is cylindrical in
shape and has a lid with transverse slits.
When forceps are used to extract the cotton
pellets, the lid assists in disposal of the
pellets. The slits on the lid are adapted to
be flexed downward into the cup by a downward
force by the forceps. They will swing back
into place upon removal of the forceps. The
receptacle is removed and a fresh one replaces
it when a new patient is treated.
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US-0425
Morgan, T. P. Combination trash receptacle
and dustpan lid. U.S. 3,390,804; filed Sept. 2,
1966; issued July 2, 1968.
upper portion of this lightweight receptacle
fits tightly into the weighted base so that
it is firmly anchored to the ground but can
be easily handled when being emptied.
This waste receptacle has a cover which may
be used as a dustpan. The lid is removably
pivoted to the edge of the receptacle and is
provided with a flange which increases in
height from the front to the rear. The rear
portion of the flange carries a combined
handle and latch. The latch extends downwardly
and terminates in a hook which coacts with a
pivoted bail carried by the receptacle to lock
the cover in a closed position.
US-0426
McAllister, W. J., and J. A. Keown (William
J. McAllister), Waste receptacle. U.S.
3,394,832; filed July 18, 1966; issued July 30,
1968.

This waste receptacle is particularly suited
for use outdoors because of its lightweight,
durable construction. A cover is hinged to
the body of the container which is normally
biased to close the open upper end of the
receptacle. The hollow base of the container
can receive material to weight the base. The
US-0427
Menges, J. T. (J. C. Yarborough, J. C.
Holcomb, and J. T. Menges), Garbage and
refuse collecting and disposal means. U.S.
3,395,859; filed Nov. 6, 1964; issued Aug. 6,
1968.

This refuse collecting and disposal device is
adapted for incorporation into a wall. The
container has an anchoring device on its side
wall for keying the housing into a wall
structure. Refuse is deposited in the
container from inside the building and
subsequently removed from the receptacle
from outside the building. Sealed doors
190
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render this refuse collector weathertight
and waterproof.
10
US-0428
Greer, H. M. Combination waste disposal and
step stool device. U.S. 3,397,757; filed Dec. 9,
1966; issued Aug. 20, 1968.
A combination waste disposal unit and step
stool includes a generally rectangular frame
and a step element mounted for rectilinear
movement into and out of the frame. The
waste disposal unit is positioned with the
frame. The step element is clear of contact
with the waste disposal element when moved
within the frame to occupy an inoperative
position.
US-0429
Wanderer, H. J. (Illinois Tool Works
Incorporated), Disposable container. U.S.
3,401,862; filed Aug. 3, 1966; issued Sept.
17, 1968.
A thin-wall thermoplastic container is adapted
to be inserted and retained within hollow
supporting holders. The disposable insert cup
is so configured that it assures air communication
between nested containers to provide individual
cup separation. The cup is securely retained
in a releasable manner within a number of
dissimilarly configured supporting holders.
US-0430
Busey, J. J. Refuse receptacle. U.S.
3,402,848; filed Aug. 21, 1967; issued Sept. 24,
1968.

The refuse receptacle is composed of an outer
container and a disposable bag positioned in
the container to receive the refuse. The
container has a bottom and four vertical side
walls and is rectangular in shape. It has an
open upper end which is closed by a lid
hinged to one of the side walls. A disposable
bag of flexible plastic material is positioned
in the container and is supported by the
bottom and side walls of the container as it
is filled with refuse. The bag is held open
to receive refuse by two brackets. These
are attached to the opposite facing side walls
of the container which are adjacent to the
open end. These brackets are composed of
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Storage
U-shaped end parts with an elongated rod
extending between the. ends of one leg of each
U-shaped part. The other leg of the U-shaped
part is pivotally connected to a side wall so
that the rod is horizontal and parallel to the
automobile. U.S. 3,403,830; filed Aug. 5,
1966; issued Oct. 1, 1968.

This trash receptacle is particularly suited
for use beneath the dash of an automobile.
The housing for the receptacle can be. attached
to the car beneath the dash, and a spring
actuated closure facilitates gaining access

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to the plastic receptacle within the housing,
A handle on the front portion of the container
renders the container readily removable from
its housing.
US-0432
Webber, R. L. Container. U.S. 3,415,402;
filed Aug. 15, 1966; issued Dec. 10, 1968.
side wall. These brackets are positioned
close enough to the top of the container so
that as the bag is pulled upward they
will pivot and move the rod parts to the
outside of the container, and out of the way
of the bag as it is being removed. When
pivoted to the inside of the container, the
upper end of the bag can be draped over the
rods between the rods and the side walls. The
brackets will hold the bag open until it is
filled. The weight of the refuse in the bag
is supported by the bottom and the side waJls
of the bag, and not by the brackets.
US-0431
Jones, B. L., and J. A. Jones. Combustion
waste and soiled clothes receptacle for an
This disposable container is destroyed by
usual environmental conditions after it has
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been used. It is constructed of at least three
separate layers including an inner layer
completely encompassing and sealing the
contents of the container. An intermediate
layer dissolves the container on being exposed
to normal atmospheric conditions. An exterior
layer completely seals the intermediate layer
to prevent exposure of the intermediate layer
until it is desired to dispose of the
container. The exterior layer could be
broken by having a band of material extending
between the intermediate layer and the
exterior layer, and a tab extending out
through the exterior layer of the container.
An alternative method would be to include an
opening in the container and a cap positioned
over the opening and over the exterior layer
so that the exterior layer is broken when the
cap is removed from the container. The inner
layer would be polyethylene, and the intermediate
layer would be caustic soda and temporary
polyvinyl chloride. The exterior layer
would be made of permanent polyvinyl
alcohol. An added layer of polystyrene and
aluminum powder could be provided for additional
strength. When the exterior layer is broken,
the temporary polyvinyl alcohol is exposed and
dissolves to react with the caustic soda and
dissolves the remainder of the container.
US-0433
Rinehart, D. L. (North American Rockwell
Corporation), Waste collection assembly.
U.S. 3,422,985; filed Apr. 13, 1965; issued
Jan. 21, 1969.
A waste collection system can be employed in
a spacecraft to prevent body wastes from
contaminating the spacecraft interior in
zero gravity. It consists of a cylindrical
cannister having a screen separating the
interior into two chambers and having suction
connection on one of the chambers. A
double wall plastic bag is inserted in the
cannister so as to line the inside and be held
against the screen by suction. The bag has
an impervious double wall portion nearer its
open end and a porous closed end having
sufficient porosity to pass gases and retain
liquids so that a continuous gas flow passes
over the wastes and through the porous portion
of the bag. After wastes are deposited in the
bag in the cannister, the inner double wall is
lifted and the outer double wall remains against
the cannister due to the suction for enveloping
the porous portion of the bag. Wastes are
therefore completely enclosed in an impervious
bag without contamination of the surroundings.
US-0434
Kleeberg, G. K. E. (St. Regis Paper Company),
Refuse sack holder. U.S. 3,443,745; filed
Oct. 9, 1967; issued May 13, 1969.
This waste container is particularly adapted
for use in and around the home, factory,
restaurant, and the like. The container is
of fireproof construction and consists of a
cabinet having an upright frame for receiving
the mouth of a disposable bag, and a clamping
device mounted on the frame for engaging the
flaps of the bag to hold the bag upright. A
cover is removably mounted on the cabinet
without the need of tools.
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Storage
US-0435
Heck, E. E. (Republic Molding Corporation),
Waste receptacle with dispenser for disposable
liners. U.S. 3,451,453; filed Sept. 13, 1967;
issued June 24, 1969. __ -^Tr----.^
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this will eliminate tre possibility of
shutting off the draft through stoppage by
the ashes accumulating within the ash pan.
A waste receptacle has upright walls and a
bottom with a dispenser, removably mounted in
the receptacle adjacent to the bottom for
dispensing disposable liners for the receptacle.
The dispenser is adapted to be inserted from
the upper end of the receptacle and includes
an upper wall with an opening for dispensing
the disposable liners. Means are provided
for supporting the upper wall of the dispenser
spaced above the bottom of the receptacle so
that the upper wall forms a false bottom for
the receptacle. This receptacle provides
housekeepers with disposable, protective liners
or bags for use in waste cans and also provides
a convenient means for confining the collected
waste for transport to other places for
collection.
US-0436
Burkert, D. G. Combined ash receptacle and
draft controlling door for domestic water
heaters, stoves, and the like. U.S. 2,452,180;
filed June 14, 1945; issued Oct. 26, 1948.

This combined ash receptacle and draft
controlling door is employed for domestic
water heaters, stoves, and the like. An ash
pan is provided to receive ashes from the fire
chamber of a domestic stove. It is so
constructed and arranged as to receive the
ashes as they fall through the grate and scoop
up those that drop while the pan is not
situated in its normal position beneath the
grate. On this apparatus, the ashes may be
conveniently removed without the use of a
special shovel. The draft is easily regulated;
US-0437
Russell, J. R. (Steere Enterprises Incorporated),
Litter container. U.S. 3,468,411; filed
June 22, 1967; issued Sept. 23, 1969.
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194
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A litter container for an automobile is hung
from parallel rods which are slidably supported
in grooves in a bracket fastened to the
dashboard. Their ends are turned abruptly down
into the four corners of the receptacle
portion of the container assembly. This
receptacle portion is preferably formed of
plastic which is adhered to or attached to
the turned-down portions of the rods. The
receptacle can slide out from under the
dashboard on the sloping portions of the rods,
under the dashboard where it is held by
gravity.
Receptacle Holders
US-0438
Divelbiss, G. K., and A. Krofft Bag holder.
U.S. 2,371,743; filed Nov. 22, 1943; issued
Mar. 20, 1945,
__J 1
storage and shipment. A holder has a flat
rectangular base to rfhich a bar is attached.
The frame of the holding mechanism has a
vertical coil spring attached to the bar and
the upper side of the frame. Two spreader bars
are attached to the frame and are swung outward
to press against the mouth of the bag. When
the bag is to be removed, the bars are swung
to a vertical position releasing the bag. As
the bag is filled the coil spring expands and
lowers the bag to rest on the base.
US-0439
Brootne, J. C. (Food Machinery Corporation),
Bag holder. U.S. 2,383,366; filed July 5,
19A3; issued Aug. 21, 1945.
This inexpensive bag holder can be rapidly
disengaged when the bag is filled. The
holder is mounted upon arms provided on a
fixed pedestal, A base section is connected
to the arms in order to support a ring support
device. Such a ring has four hinged portions
which are held together by a pin and arranged
so that by removing the pin and pushing
inward, the ring collapses. The bag is pulled
over the mouth of the collapsed ring portion,
this device is expanded, and the ring is
replaced. When the bag is filled, the ring
is collapsed and the bag removed.
This improved bag holder can be quickly
assembled for use and easily disassembled for
US-0440
Regele, C. A. Bag holder. U.S. 2,442,377;
filed June 12, 1944; issued June 1, 1948.

This receptacle can be used in homes or in
hospitals where a small sanitary receptacle
is desired. It is comprised of a base, a
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Storage
receptor-supporting ring, a unitary clamp ring,
lid assembly, and lid actuator. A paper bag
is placed in the receptor inside the supporting
legs. Upon downward movement of the lid
actuator, the lid is raised and the receptacle
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made available for use. The bag is removed
by pulling it through the side of the
receptacle through the legs.
US-0441
Custer, H. W. Receptacle supporting rack.
U.S. 2,461;374; filed Sept. 24, 1945; issued
Feb. 8, 1949.
This rack is designed to support tubular
receptacles in an inclined position. The
metal rack has two parallel sides which
terminate in a U-shaped loop at a 90 degree
angle to the sides. One leg of the U extends
beyond the sides to the opposite side of the
rack. The other end of ;;he rack merely
terminates in a 90 degree angle bend, connected
to the other side. When a can is placed in
the rack, it is cradled Between the parallel
sides and the U-shaped end. Removal of the
can from the rack is accomplished with a
minimum amount of effort.
US-0442
Davenport, J. F. Waste disposal device.
U.S. 2,489,562; filed Feb. 28, 1948; issued
Nov. 29, 1949.

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This rack or stand is used to support a paper
bag for the deposit of waste within. The
holder has a base and a lower supporting ring
located above the base by means of legs.
Upright bars extend from the base to an
upper supporting ring. A paper bag is
slipped over the upper ring and its bottom
placed on the lower supporting ring and legs.
When the bag is filled, it can be easily
196
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removed and disposed of and another
substituted.
US-0443
Allen, T. B. Receptacle holder. U.S.
2,509,284; filed Dec. 23, 1946; issued May 30,
1950.
US-0444
Ward, M. N. Bag holder. U.S. 2,521,029;
filed July 24, 1947; issued Sept. 5, 1950.
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In this receptacle holder there are a number
of posts, along with a hoop adapted to be
supported by these posts and to embrace the
receptacle to be held. There are clamps for
mounting the hoop on the posts, one clamp for
each post. Each clamp consists of a band
encircling its respective post, a portion of
this band constituting a seat for disposition
adjacent to the inner side of the post.
These bands have openings which are offset from
the seat at opposite sides of it, for the
reception of a portion of the hoop at a
location between the seat and the inner side
of the post. A clamping screw is carried by
the band opposite the seat and is engaged with
the outer side of the post to tighten the
clamp and cause this portion of the hoop to
be crimped about the post and gripped between
the seat and the post.
This bag holder supports a bag or sack with
the neck in an open position allowing filJing
of the bag without the aid of another person.
The main supporting section comprises an
inverted U-shaped frame provided with hollow
arm extensions mounted on a bracket. An
adjustable support is movably mounted on the
arms and an expandable spring is mounted to
this. The spring is attached to a curved arm
with an upward extension graduated in tens
of pounds, said curved arm connected to an
outer rim member to which the open neck of
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the sack is fitted. As the sack is filled,
the spring is expanded and a graduated rod
measures the weight of materials placed in
the bag. The support device may be easily
adjusted to accommodate sacks of different
length.
US-0445
Scholin, A. R. Bag holder. U.S. 2,648,512;
filed Mar. 20, 1950; issued Aug. 11, 1953.

This device holds a bag in an upright position
with its mouth open so that it may be readily
filled. Such a holder can support a normal
or small-sized bag. A bracket is adapted to
be secured on a supporting structure with an
opening through which a standard is slidably
mounted. The standard can be shifted up
and down in the bracket and a horizontal
U-shaped frame is connected to it. Two
extending arms of the U are adapted to
surround the mouth portion of the bag, the
latter attached by hooks. The arms of the
U are notched so that whan the bag is attached
it can be secured with the mouth opened to
varying widths. This stand is durable
because of design and component parts, and is
relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
US-0446
Jordan, C. H. Hand truck for garbage or ash
cans. U.S. 2,784,856; filed Feb. 10, 1955;
issued Mar, 12, 1957.

This cart is designed for supporting and
moving cans in which heavy materials or wastes
are contained. A bar secured to an axle on
which supporting wheels are mounted comprises
the frame of the cart. The upper end of the
bar extends laterally to provide a handle for
directing. The front surface of the base is
curved to conform to the curvature of the can.
Hooks are secured to the base for attaching
the bottom rim of the can. A curved brace is
located midway up the bar to prevent twisting
or rolling of the can from the cart. An
adjustable hook is located above the brace,
used to hook into the handle of the can.
When the can is hooked onto the cart, it is
198
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so securely attached that accidental spillage
is eliminated.
US 0447
Dunagan, E. L., L. P. Dunagan, and K. M. Dunagan.
Support for trash can. U.S. 2,911,180; filed
Aug. 31, 1956; issued Nov. 3, 1959.
-L6>
This invention is capable of supporting a
trash can in a properly centered position upon
a flat base. A pair of gripping arms are
attached to the device; each is circular and
may be extended outward to a circumference
greater than the can to be attached. The arms
are swung inward to lock the can into position,
and may be adjusted to accommodate containers
of different sizes. When these arms are attached
to some kind of base, any type of can may be
secured in place.
US-0448
Dyer, C. R. Rack for trash barrels. U.S.
3,347,507; filed Aug. 11, 1966; issued Oct. 17,
1967.
u
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Storage
This rack is designed to support a refuse
receptacle in an elevated position. The
stand is elevated above the ground by means
of four supporting legs. A lid is operated
by a pedal located on the front of the stand.
The lid can be locked in an open position by
pushing the pedal down and horizontally to
lock it into an L-shaped bracket it is
secured in. The base of the stand is squarely
shaped with the receptacle resting upon
its edges and one member which connects the
parallel sides.
US-0449
Bumgarner, R. L., A. 0. Knutson, and T. B.
Royal (Homeline Corporation), Bag holder.
U.S. 3,352,520; filed Apr. 22, 1965; issued
Nov. 14, 1967.

A disposable bag is made from stretchable and
retractable synthetic resin film or sheet
material and has means for supporting the
bag. The supporting means is a rectangular
loop, having rounded corners. Such means can
be mounted on the wall or attached to a
free-standing base by supporting means. The
bag is made of sheet material such as
polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl
chloride acetate copolymers, or vinyl chloride
vinylidene chloride copolymers. An opening
in the bag is smaller than the loop so that
when folded over the loop it will be stretched.
This prevents the bag from falling from the
loop even when full.
US-0450
Oliver, R. D. Trash handling apparatus. U.S.
3,374,004; filed Oct. 19, 1966; issued Mar. 19,
1968.
This trash handling apparatus is adapted for
use around the home or for commerical use.
The cart has an upstanding support structure
mounted on a pair of wheels, a pair of
oppositely projecting arms, and a handle. The
container is generally barrel-shaped with an
open top. When mounting the container on the
15,
cart, the user squeezes the arm members
together and places trie container on the cart.
The compressed arms are extended through a
small aperature in the container wall and
allowed to expand. Removal of the container is
accomplished by reversing the mounting
procedure. This cart-container is especially
useful in handling lightweight loads.
US-0451
Kurlander, R. A., and G. M. Nutting. Refuse
bag holder. U.S. 3,374,976; filed Jan. 6, 1966;
issued Mar. 26, 1968.

This refuse bag holder has an open frame which
supports a rectangular paper bag. The stand
has a pair of upright parallel side members
and a horizontal top and bottom members at
right angles to the side members. The bottom
of each side is bent upon itself at an angle
to define a foot and a support leg. The
pivotal member has a pair of parallel side
members, joined at the top, with the bottom
movably mounted to the support leg. The bottom
200
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is bent to form a straight foot treadle. A
pair of clamps are attached to the top members
for attaching to the mouth of the bag. The
pivotal member and supporting member of
the stand are kept in close contact by an
34
forward to lower the can to the ground and
disengage the lifting hooks. The lifting
hooks can be adjusted to different heights on
the bar.
expandable spring attached to each. As the
bag is filled, the opening to the mouth of the
bag is held together by the spring. Pushing
down on the foot treadle opens the mouth of
the bag. The top of the bag can be easily
stapled when it is ready to be disposed of.
US-0452
Farber, H. Detachable garbage can carrier.
U.S. 3,376,986; filed May 12, 1966; issued
Apr. 9, 1968.

This garbage can carrier is designed to grasp
and raise a can without physically touching
the can. The carrier includes a rigid
elongated bar-like member to which is attached
mounting members and lifting hooks. A
stabilizing strap is securely mounted on the
lower end of the bar. The carrier can be
mounted on any conveying means by its mounting
members. In lifting a can, the cart is tilted
backward to position the lifting hooks below
one of the can handles. The cart is moved
toward the can and swung upward to engage the
can handle. The pivotal movement of the cart
is continued until the bottom of the can is
resting against the stabilizing strap. To
unload the container, the cart is tipped
US 0453
Fralick, R. A. Trash cart. U.S. 3,377,085;
filed May 6, 1966; issued Apr. 9, 1968.

This trash cart is adapted for hauling two
identical trash containers. The cart is
formed of two cart members virtually identical
and connected together by a pivotal connection
secured by a vertical pivot pin. The carts
have longitudinally extending cross members
and laterally extending cross members, each of
which crosses centrally of the other forming an
X or cross. Axles extend through the lateral
cross members and each supports a pair of wheels.
The pivotal connection is positioned on the
longitudinal cross members. Flanges are
located at the ends of each cross member for
confining the drums. A handle is connected to
the front of the longitudinal member of the
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Storage
first cart for maneuverability of the coupled
carts. Due to the simplicity of design, the
cart is light, easy to operate, extremely
strong for support of the drums, and relatively
inexpensive.
US-0454
Goldberg, I. Garbage can closer. U.S.
3,378,323; filed Aug. 31, 1966; issued Apr. 16,
1968.
se
This garbage can shed is adapted to store a
number of cans. The shed is a walled enclosure
with a bottom and an openable front wall for
insertion of uncovered garbage cans. The top
wall or lid is mounted on hinges for deposit
of garbage in the cans. It carries can covers
which open downward for sealing the uncovered
cans. A latching device is located on the
front of the lid so that when the lid is
closed, it can be easily locked. A series of
upstanding pins for each garbage can is fixed
on the bottom wall to serve as guides for
positioning the cans under the covers on the
lid. The shed could be modified to accommodate
various sized cans. A foot pedal could be
attached to the housing for opening of the lid.
The individual covers that are normally used
with the cans are secured to the sides of
the cans by a spring attached to the handles
of the cans and covers,
US-0455
Marini, T. 0., and L. G. Marini. Utility cart.
U.S. 3,379,451; filed Oct. 19, 1965; issued
Apr. 23, 1968.

This trash cart is made of tubular structural
elements which can conveniently be assembled and
disassembled for shipment. It is adapted for
domestic use and may serve to hold trash
containers as well as transport them. It can
be assembled and disassembled without the
use of special tools. The frame is constructed
of identical side frame members connected by a
lower horizontal supporting and bracing frame
and an upper horizontal supporting frame. The
handle is located on the rear of the cart.
Wheels are attached to an axle on the front of
the cart while the rear of the cart is constructed
with the frame serving as the support. No wheels
are attached to the rear frame part and the
frame is curved so as to serve as a brake for
the cart.
US 0456
Safford, E. (E. Safford, W. E. Ellis, and T.
Singleton), Refuse receptacle. U.S. 3,388,856;
filed Oct. 18, 1966; issued June 18, 1968.

This garbage can holder supports refuse
containers above the ground level in order to
provide a more sanitary trash disposal and
collection system. An elongated upright tube
is anchored in the ground. Attached to it
are a swing pole, means for securing the cans
to the tube, and a bottom wall for supporting
the containers. The containers may be rotated
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through 360 degrees, and a manually operated
mechanism rotates the container covers out of
the way for loading and unloading of the refuse
containers. _
~
US-0457
Burroughs, E. E., and G. H. Wilkes (St. Regis
Paper Company), Bag holder. U.S. 3,388,882;
filed Apr. 27, 1966; issued June 18, 1968.
This domestic refuse bag holder has a pair of
jaws which operate to open and close the
mouth of a refuse bag. The jaws are supported
by a frame which possesses bag holding devices.
These clamps are attached to a Z-shaped inner
portion and the Z-shaped portions interact
to form a handle for opening and closing the
jaws. Even though the device readily opens
the mouth of a refuse bag, it closes the bag
tightly enough to prevent the escape of odors
and to prevent insects from entering the bag.
US-0458
Rinehart, J. R. Utility cart or basket
carrier. U.S. 3,389,818; filed Apr. 13, 1966;
issued June 25, 1968.
i I
i i
i!
i i
i i
i i
i i
21-
This carrier is designed for the home laundry
or lawn work and can be used for picking up,
transporting, and dumping leaves and lawn trash.
The utility carrier consists of a wheeled cart
for transporting a container such as a bushel
basket in an upright position, with the
operating handle at various levels relative to
the supporting wheels. The wheeled carrier will
stand and support the container at ground
level, or at an elevated position. The carrier
is provided with a pivotal and removable
support for the basket-like container,
arranged so that the container may be either
inverted for dumping its contents, supported
in various positions on the carrier, or removed
from the carrier.
US 0459
Patterson, W. W. Garbage can holder. U.S.
3,399,854; filed Mar. 23, 1967; issued Sept. 3,
1968.

A garbage can holder includes an upright
standard with one end adapted for insertion in
the earth. A ring is provided for loosely
203
-------
Storage
surrounding a garbage can to be held. A
hinge is connected to the ring and connects the
ring to the standard. This permits vertical
pivoting of the ring about a horizontal axis.
A flexible device, a strap of greater length
than the diameter of the ring, can be engaged
with the garbage can so that the ring is
supported horizontally. The strap's end
portions loosely surround off-set portions of
the ring.
US-0460
Bailey, C. R. Portable holder for refuse cans.
U.S. 3,399,903; filed Aug. 8, 1967; issued
Sept. 3, 1968.
U-shaped straps. Horizontal bars at the
bottom of the U extend diagonally to the line
of movement of the holder. A circular part is
rigidly secured to the tops of the straps. A
transverse horizontal axle bar joins the lower
rear corners of the above-mentioned horizontal
bars. This axle bar carries a wheel on each end.
A transverse horizontal plate rigidly connects
the forward lower corners of the bottom
horizontal bars. A castor swivels on the
bottom of the plate. An inverted U-shaped yoke
is positioned above the circular part. The
top horizontal part of the U will clamp over
the lid of a garbage can. One end of the yoke
is hinged to the circular part, the other
end of the yoke has a latch to detachably
secure the yoke to one of the straps when
the yoke is in a closed position. An
upstanding handle is lacated at the rear
side of the holder, midway between the wheels.
A brace is connected with the handle and the
circular part, and another with the axle bar.
US-0461
Schmidt, N. T. Garbage can rack. U.S. 3,407,941;
filed July 27, 1966; issued Oct. 29, 1968.
A portable garbage can holder is composed of
a pair of crossed, rigidly connected, upstanding,
An outdoor shed-like rack is designed to
enclose garbage and trash cans. The cans are
bodily insertable and removable. The rack is
composed of a self-standing frame structure
provided with bottom, back, end, and top walls.
The vertical end frames are of an inverted
U-shape form and are connected by upper and
lower angle irons. T:ie rack is wholly open
204
-------
at the front. The top wall is imperforate
and is preferably corrugated. The bottom wall
is elevated above the level of the ground to
preserve the bottom portions of the cans. The
bottom, back and end walls are made of screen
material capable of screening out debris. It
also functions to minimize access to the cans
by dogs, cats, and other pests. The screen
walls provide for adequate ventilation for
the enclosed can space. A chain is stretched
across the open front to assist in holding
the cans within the confines of the rack. The
frame structure and attachable and detachable
walls are readily packaged and shipped in
knockdown form and subsequently are readiJy
erected on the premises at a convenient place
of use.
US-0462
Heldenbrand, R. C. Combination garbage can
conveyor and rack. U.S. 3,423,102; filed
Sept. 25, 1967; issued Jan. 21, 1969.
<7
A combination garbage can, conveyor, and rack is
constructed for supporting the can in a
vertical rotatable position to inhibit turning
over. The combination consists of a base, a
wheel on each side of the base so that it may
be moved over the terrain, a tubular member
rotatably supported on the base and extending
upward from it, a pair of supporting and
retaining members of the garbage cans, a pair
of adjustable rings for fitting around the upper
portion of the cans, a bracket connected with
each of the rings, a tubular device for supporting
the cans, a projection extending upward from
the base, and a projection extending forward
from the base to engage the terrain. There is
also an upward facing cup surrounding and
supported on the tubular device for containing
insecticides to prevent crawling pests from
gaining access to garbage cans.
US 0463
Smedlund, E. G. Supporting and moving device
for refuse sacks. U.S. 3,431,704;
filed Apr. 20, 1967; issued Mar. 11, 1969.
A multiple sack holder for refuse collection
bags or sacks is provided in which a nunber of
the sacks are suspended in separate telescopic
frames. The frames are hung by rollers in the
horizontal beams of a supporting frame. The
sacks are reinforced at their mouths by means
of collapsible rims, and clamping means not
only hold the rims at the top edge of each
sack but also serve as a means for coupling
together the rims of adjacent sacks. The
sacks move along the supporting beams, one
after another, to a filling position and by
means of a photocell circuit-actuated drive.
A filled sack is removed from its filling
position below a refuse chute and another sack
is brought to an open position under the chute.
This device can be employed in large buildings
for the collection of refuse in sacks.
US-0464
Gough, B. C. Garbage can cart with removable
snow ski. U.S. 3,463,502; filed Apr. 19, 1967;
issued Aug. 26, 1969.

An elongated cart has a handle at one end and
a single transverse axle between its opposite
ends, provided with opposite end ground-engaging
wheels. The cart is adapted to support a
number of upright trash or garbage cans and
includes a skid plate attachment readily
removable and engageable with the undersurface
portions of the cart. The attachment forms a
substantially planar ski surface beneath the
entire cart so as to enable the cart to be
readily moved over ground which is covered
with snow. The ground-engaging wheels of the
cart project only slightly below the planar
205
-------
Recycling
ski surface of the attachment when the latter
is secured to the cart.
5?'
US-0466
Gelbman, L. F. Process for making lightweight
aggregates using fragile nodules. U.S.
2,544,752; filed June 10, 1949; issued Mar. 13,
1951.

In order to make a lightweight aggregate from
clay fly ash fragile nodules, the fly ash is
subjected to the action of a nodulizing device
into which a water spray is channeled. The
water spray forms and bonds the fine sinterable
material into fragile nodules, which are then
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screened to sizes ranging between one-eighth
and one-half of an in. in diameter. Surface
spraying with coating material strengthens the
nodules. The nodules are then sintered with
& stationary forced-draft sintering system.
The screening is carried out on a vibrating
screen. The spraying is done on a portion of
the screen so that the nodules are sprayed on
all sides.
US 0465
Kirby, W. G., and L. E. Steinle (United
States Rubber Company), Process for reclaiming
scrap vulcanized rubber. U.S. 2,372,584; filed
Mar. 17, 1943; issued Mar, 27, 1945.

Scrap rubber may be reclaimed by this process
as in the 'digester' or 'heater' processes,
but in a shorter period of time and with the
addition of less reclaiming oils than in the
usual reclaiming operations. This process
comprises heating scrap containing vulcanized
rubber at a temperature from about 300 F to
about 420 F. A small mount of dicresyl
tnonosulphide is incorporated into the scrap,
for a time sufficient to reduce the rubber to
a plastic state where is has a Mooney viscosity
of 80 to 180 when tested at 180 F.
US 0467
Wandel, K. (Wilbro Corporation), Process of
preparing mulch for agricultural purposes.
U.S. 2,699,629; filed Aug. 10, 1950; issued
Jan. 18, 1955.

Mulch composed of garbage, stable manure,
dried leaves and grass, and other organic waste,
is used to cover the earth surrounding plants
to insulate and preserve moisture in the soil.
This machine converts waste paper into mulch
by a disintegrating device. It consists of a
tank with an abrasive impeller; water is
placed in the tank and refuse is added (of
at least 5 percent fibrous; material to produce
a good mulch). Impeller action reduces the
206
-------
material. This process is an excellent system
for garbage and refuse disposal on a large
scale, is easily handled and packaged into
bags, and is odorless.
US-0468
Darin, J. K., and E. M. Sutphin (Gulf Research
and Development Company), Petroleum pitch
fertilizer and process for its preparation.
U.S. 2,829,040; filed Mar. 27, 1956; issued
Apr. 1, 1958.

The fertilizer is prepared by first mixing the
petroleum pitch with an aqueous slurry of
fertilizer ingredients at a temperature and
pressure high enough to keep the pitch and
water in a liquid state. The resultant
suspension of molten pitch, water, and fertilizer
ingredients is flashed from the high temperature
and pressure to substantially atmospheric
pressure whereupon evaporation of the water
absorbs heat from the pitch and cools it to
form a solid, finely divided product with the
fertilizer ingredients substantially uniformly
distributed. The end product provides a
porous friable fertilizer which will slowly
release the soluble inorganic chemicals to
minimize loss of the chemicals.
207
-------
Recycling

US 0469
Graham, J. L. (Tennessee Valley Authority),
Method of manufacturing fertilizers by
evaporating slurries containing fertilizers
constituents. U.S. 2,857,262; filed Sept. 11,
1952; issued Oct. 21, 1958.

Water is evaporated from slurries produced in
the manufacture, of fertilizer from phosphate
rock, nitric acid, and ammonia. The slurry is
introduced into an evaporation zone which
agitates and contacts the slurry with hot
combustion gases (2,500 F to 400 F). Slurry
which is withdrawn has z. moisture content from
less than 1 percent to about 15 percent. When
the slurry is high in calcium sulfate content,
previously dried material must be added to
form moist granules. The granules are passed
through a second drying stage, producing the
final product.
US-0470
Peter, C. (L. H. Peter), Method of conditioning
soil for agricultural purposes. U.S. 2,911,295;
filed Nov. 10, 1952; issued Nov. 3, 1959.

This soil conditioner has as its base a
naturlffly-occurring material, oil shale. Oil
shale is impregnated with an organic substance
known as 'kerogen.' Kerogen is an organic
residue left by the decomposition of plant and
animal life. These oil shales are finely
ground to a mesh between 80 and 150. This
enables them to serve as artificial humus and
to freely give up their vital constituents in
the growing plants. They create a rich
environment for microbial activity and
stimulate amraonification and nitrification.
US-0471
White, C. M. (Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation),
Oxidized tall oil and petroleum oil composition,
method of making, and method of reclaiming
rubber therewith. U.S. 3,043,786; filed Oct. 22,
1958; issued July 10, 1962.

By heating and air blowing tall oil at a
temperature of about 100 C to 150 C to
produce an oxidized tall oil concentrate with
a viscosity of from 350 to 700 centistokes at
100 F, the first step in producing a composition
of matter useful in the reclamation of
vulcanized rubber is completed. The concentrate
is then diluted with a naphthenic base
petroleum oil whose viscosity is in the
lubricating oil range of about 250 to 600
centistokes at 100 F, and whose acid value is
at least 120. The concentrate, having a
viscosity of 500 to 6^0 centistokes, is next
added to the vulcanized rubber which is
reclaimed in an amount, of about 0.5 to 2.5
percent by weight of the vulcanized rubber.
208
-------
US-0472
Lurie, R. J. (Arther D. Little, Inc.),
Recovery of chemicals from waste liquors.
U.S. 3,061,408; filed May 5, 1960; issued Oct.
1962.

A process recovers the sodium and sulfur
components from sodium-base sulfite spent
liquors resulting from chemical digestion of
a lignocellulose-containing material. First,
the spent liquors are concentrated. The
resulting concentrated liquors are then
30,
STACK
combusted, the combusting step being carried
out in the presence of an additive selected from
the group consisting of silica-rich and
alumina-rich materials to react the additive
with the sodium. Subsequently, the resulting
sodium reaction products are converted to
sodium sulfites in the presence of an acidic
reactant selected from the group consisting
of S02, H2S03, and NaHS03. This additive must
have as its essential reacting component, with
respect to the sodium, an oxide selected from
the group consisting of Si02 and A1203.
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US-0473
McElroy, W. R. (Mobay Chemical Company),
Method of dissolving polyurethanes. U.S.
3,117,940; filed Nov. 14, 1960; issued Jan. 14,
1964.

This method provides organic compounds which
bring about the liquefaction of polyurethane
plastic scrap at a lower temperature than
possible before, and in a short period of
time, without bringing about a discoloration
of the resulting mixture of polyurethane and
organic compound. The polyurethane plastic is
heated with a primary aminc to a temperature of
at least 70 C, and the heating is continued until
the plastic is liquid.
US-0474
Bahme, R. B. Fertilizer and process for making
from waste pickling liquor. U.S. 3,232,738;
filed Jan. 10, 1964; issued Feb. 1, 1966.

Fertilizer is made from waste pickling liquors
of the steel and galvanizing industries.
Metallic ammine compounds are made by reacting
anhydrous of aqueous ammonia with waste
pickling liquors. Such liquor contains
metallic sulfates which are converted to
the ammine-sulfate form. The water solubility
of these ammine sulfates make them ideally suited
for use as liquid fertilizers. Ash produced
from burning wood wastes contributes a
plentiful supply of raw material for fertilizer
209
-------
Recycling
manufacture. If this ash is neutralized with
the waste pickling liquor, many metallic
sulfates and other essential compounds and
elements are produced. These resulting products
are in a form readily and easily assimilated
by plants.
the plate. The particles gradually pass
through the perforations. The turbulent
action of the material in the bed causes
continuous contact of the material with the
gas which transfers heat between the material
and the gas.
US 0475
Vandenhoeck, J. P. (Buell Engineering
Company, Inc.), Heat exchanging method and
apparatus. U.S. 3,263,346; filed July 24, 1963;
issued Aug. 2, 1966.

This device for the cooling of particulate matter
finds application in the fertilizer industry,
where particles of processed fertilizer at a
high temperature must be cooled for further
processing. The material to be cooled is
introduced into an enclosure above a perforated
plate. These perforations are large enough
to permit the matter to pass through. A gas is
MATERIAL IN
10
14
US-0476
Gnaedinger, J. P. Material and method for
pavement construction. U.S. 3,293,999; filed
Dec. 2, 1965; issued Dec. 27, 1966.

Pavement construction includes three layers:
the subgrade; the base course; and the top
surface course. A base course consists of 2
to 10 percent by weight of lime mixed with a
balance of incinerator ash in the presence of
water. The incinerator ash results from
burning refuse at 1,600 to 2,000 F in a rotary
kiln. It has a high enough carbon content to
provide at least 10 percent by weight carbon
in the ash-lime mixture. The ash particles are
sifted through a screen so that 60 to 90
percent of the remaining particles pass through
a Number 4 screen, 10 to 30 percent through a
Number 30 screen, and the rest through finer
screens. The base course is allowed to stand
for a period before use so that a carbonation
reaction between the lime and the carbon from
the ash can occur. The surface course cannot
be applied during this reaction because gasses
are evolved. The base course produced is
economical and efficient.
passed upward through the perforated plate and
the enclosure with a flow sufficient to cause
a turbulent bed of material to be formed over
US-0477
Stirling, H. T. (Stirling Sintering Company),
Apparatus for the reclamation of fine material.
U.S. 3,381,948; filed Oct. 18, 1965; issued
May 7, 1968.

This apparatus for reclamation of fine material
produces valuable substances by sintering or
heat hardening pellets derived from such fines
as fly ash or the dust obtained from the
precipitators or dust collectors of any ferrous
or novi-ferrous metallurgical process. It
comprises a pelletizer, a sinter strand on
which the pellets are heated, and a single
device for feeding hearth layer and a layer of
pellets to the sinter strand. The apparatus
also includes a device for crushing the hot
material formed on the sinter strand, and
means for recycling hot fines from the crushing
station directly to the pelletizer. It
210
-------
further contains upgrading means such as a
magnetic separator and hood means over the
discharge end of the sinter strand, and the
device for curshing sinter.
ffa
US 04 78
Clark, J. R. (Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and
Douglas) , Process and composition for
purification of water supplies and aqueous
wastes. U.S. 3,388,060; filed Aug. 28, 1967;
issued June 11, 1968.

This water clarification process employs an
acid-treated fly ash as an improved coagulant
aid. Once the ash is recovered by conventional
separating means, it is treated with an
aqueous solution of either a strong mineral
acid or a strong organic acid. It is practical
to utilize about 2 parts by weight of acid
per 1 part of fly ash. The fly ash can be
recovered from the acid treatment by allowing
the fly ash to settle and, then, drying the
treated ash at about 105 C.
When the acid-treated fly ash, a primary
water-soluble inorganic coagulant, and at
least one organic polyelectrolyte coagulant
are added to waste water, they remove the
organics and the phosphates from the treated
water during the primary treatment step.
US-0479
Chair, N. E. S., and L. D. Keller, (Owens-Illinois,
Inc.), Recirculation system for treating spent
pulping liquor smelt to recover sodium values
as active sodium sulfite. U.S. 3,392,004;
filed Dec. 24, 1964; issued July 9, 1968.

This fluidi2ed bed operation may be used in
a process which recovers sodium sulfite from
spent pulping liquors. The spent liquors
containing organic sulfonate and salts of
organic acids are concentrated in multiple
effect evaporators. This concentrate is
sprayed into a furnace; the final water is
211
-------
Recycling
flashed off, the organic material is burned
and the inorganic material is converted
to sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate which
gather in the bottom of the furnace as a
molten smelt. These smelt solids are reduced
to a uniform, fine particle size which is
capable of undergoing fluidization. The fine
particles are placed in a hopper. Then, a
fluidized medium in introduced into the
upstanding elongate reactor. The medium
strikes the end wall of the reactor, and then
moves up the chamber where it contacts the
solids being introduced laterally into the
reactor. The solids are entrained in the
medium and carried upward to turbulently
contact the oxidizing gas, air. A collector
receives the gases and solids flowing out
of the reactor. The gases are vented, and a
portion of the sodium sulfite and sodium sulfide
is deposited in a produce reservoir while the
rest of the solids are recycled through the
reactor.
480.
COOK-
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US-O480
Martin, M. F. Method of salvaging tire
carcasses and articles made therefrom.
U.S. 3,418,803; filed Feb. 13, 1967; issued
Dec. 31, 1968.
This method salvages tire carcasses by cutting
them into elongated straps. The straps have a
T-shaped end with the head being formed from
the head portion of the carcass. The straps
have an opening at the other end through which
the T-shaped end may be put. The straps may
be connected together end to end in belt
212
-------
fashion, or they may be made into links and
connected together in chain fashion.
US-0481
Rosenstein, N., and A. J. Rosenstein (Spunize
Company of America), Method of converting
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waste filamentary material into staple fiber.
U.S. 3,429,018; filed Mar. 9, 1967; issued
Feb. 25, 1969.

A number of supply packages of waste synthetic
filament thermoplastic and thermosetting
material containing knots, excessive twist,
and excessive finish are creeled. The ends
of the packages are fed in the form of a web
of spaced ends between counter-rotating
rollers. The rollers are pressure loaded
sufficiently to substantially destroy the
knots and open the individual filaments. After
passing the rollers, the material is stuffer
box crimped while still in web form, and the
crimps set. The resultant material is cut
into staple lengths to produce a spinnable
staple having three-dimensionally crimped
fibers.
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US-0482
Merges, H. A. Method and apparatus for
reclaiming rubber scrap. U.S. 3,460,769;
filed July 12, 1966; issued Aug. 12, 1969.
12435
Vulcanized rubber scrap is reclaimed by
heating and intimately mixing it with additives
after the scrap has been pulverized. This
heated mixture is subjected to centrifugal
forces while being exposed in a matter of
seconds to friction, milling, shearing, and
crushing forces in a pulsating manner. The
apparatus includes a pair of discs which are
situated in a suitable housing and which are
capable of subjecting the material to
centrifugal force while also exposing the
material to the friction, milling, shearing
and crushing forces. It is possible to supply
steam to the apparatus, and temperature of the
steam will be determined in accordance with
the material which is treated. In order to
prevent agglomerations of the plasticized
particles, a uniformly fine powdering or
dusting of the treated material with zinc
stearate is provided so that an easier and more
homogeneous mixing can take place during
further treatment.
USO483
Bellamy, W. D. (General Electric Company),
Waste conversion process and product. U.S.
3,462,275; filed Jan. 31, 1968; issued Aug. 19,
1969.

Solid, organic, biodegradable waste materials
such as sewage, agricultural, and industrial
213
-------
Recycling
wastes are treated with selected thermophilic
microorganisms and heated to temperatures of
from 45 C to 80 C with agitation while
introducing oxygen to the mixture. The
thermophilic microorganisms multiply under
these conditions and convert the organic
biodegradable waste materials to cellular
proteinaceous materials and other cellular
compounds. Pasteurized cellular proteinaceous
materials and other pasteurized cellular
compounds, which find utility as animal feed
supplements and as sources of extractable
proteins, are produced by employing temperatures
of over 55 C. The pasteurized liquid
simultaneously produced can be discharged
without further treatment unless the phosphorus
or nitrogen content is objectionable.
US-O4S4
Elgin, J. C. (U.S. Rubber Reclaiming Company,
Inc.), Molding compositions containing nylon
and rubber from scrap tire cord material.
U.S. 3,468,974; filed Mar. 21, 1966; issued
Sept. 23, 1969.
3 to 35 percent vulcanized rubbery hydrocarbon
elastomeric material. This material is
provided by extrusion pelletizing tire cord
material from which a major portion of
elastomeric material has been removed. In a
typical example, bales of nylon tire cord
remaining after removal of rubber from tires
for a rubber reclaiming operation were analyzed
and found to contain 12.8 percent rubber, 5.9
percent cellulose and 80.9 percent nylon. The
nylon from these bales was chopped and then
pelleted at 275 F giving dense pellets of the
following analyses: 12.8 percent rubber, 6.5
percent cellulose, and 80.5 percent nylon.
The pellets were injection molded at 500 F
cylinder temperature and 200 F mold temperature.
The pieces were ASTM tensile and impact bars.
Data are given for tensile strength, Izod
impact, stiffness, and other properties.
US-0485
Dalberg, L. E., and H. Dalberg. Solid waste
reclaiming method and system. U.S. 3,477,649;
filed Sept. 26, 1967; issued Nov. 11, 1969.

A system for reclaiming useful materials from
the solid waste in metropolitan areas comprises
a feed hopper which supplies the waste to a
series of treating devices. The waste is first
sized and then beaten to separate unlike
materials. The mass of Hhe waste is then
passed through tumbling drums where magnetic
materials, plastic film, and paper are
successively removed and collected separately,
then to an apparatus for removing and collecting
rubber and rags successively, and finally to
a ball mill where all remaining material is
reduced to fines suitable for shipment to
separation plants. In addition, fines are
removed at each operating stage and are
by-passed by a conveyor directly to the ball
mill. Jets of air separate film plastics and
paper and a vacuum removes them from the mass
of waste.
A molding composition contains from 64 to 91
percent of linear polyamide material and from
An/mat and Vegetable By-Products
US-0486
Graham, R. P., J. H. Thompson, and A. D.
Shepherd (United States of America repr. by
214
-------
the Secretary of Agriculture), Separation of
pear waste into its liquid and solid components.
U.S. 2,614,933; filed Mar. 6, 1951; issued Oct. 21,
1952.

This invention separates pear wastes into a
solid fraction and a liquid fraction. The
former portion contains minerals and carbohydrates
and can be dried and used as animal feed.
The latter fraction contains sugars that can
be utilized for many purposes. The process
of this disposal apparatus involves, basically,
a two-stage liming of the pear waste. In the
first stage, sufficient lime is added to the
water to raise its pH to a level which
activates the enzyme content of the waste.
Resultant de-esterified products gel as they
are formed, modifying the character of the
waste. This makes possible separation into
solid and juice components. The product,
however, is then altered to further increase
its rate of filtration and porosity. The
treated waste is thus mixed with an additional
amount of lime, leading to more chemical
and/or physical changes.
US 0487
Joffe, J. S. (J. S. Joffe, G. S. Pfaus, and
R. A. Posner), Fertilizers and method of
making same. U.S. 2,951,755; filed Dec. 10,
1958; issued Sept. 6, 1960.

In making fertilizer from organic and inorganic
materials, a starting ingredient, such as
animal manure, is substantially dehydrated so
that it remains stable. It is heat-converted
in a conventional drier to a temperature at
which the original water soluble and dispersible
organic colloidal material is converted to an
irreversible state. It is then ground and
stored for later use. This base material is
then mixed with one or more inorganic plant
nutrients. Water is introduced into the
mixture to dissolve the inorganic salts and
allow reaction with the moistened organic
material. The reacting mixture is dusted with
a fine powder of the organic material in
order to coat the exposed salt crystals.
This mixture is then covered with a surface
layer of coating material which is slowly
permeable to water. Leaching plant nutrients
is retarded and their release for use is
controlled and regulated.
and detoxification of castor bean pomace.
U.S. 3,101,266, filed Sept. 13, 1960; issued
Aug. 20, 1963.

The deallergenization and detoxification of
castor bean pomace provides a product having
both organic and inorganic nutritive value as
a fertilizer. Castor bean pomace, water, and
calcium hydroxide are combined to give a
mixture having a pH in the range of about 9.5
to 12.5. The alkaline mixture is heated at
about 100 to 120 C for a time interval of
about 8 to 60 minutes. This treatment
inactivates the allergen and destroys the
toxic components. The pomace product is
used as an alkaline fertilizer or the reaction
mixture is partially or completely neutralized
to give a pomace-calcium phosphate solid. This
is a unique combination fertilizer.
US-0489
Villadsen, K. J. S., and K. J. Moller
(Aktieselskabet Grindstedvaerket), Processing
citrus fruits. U.S. 3,347,678; filed Dec. 17,
1962; issued Oct. 17, 1967.

This invention treats the waste pulp from citrus
juice production in order to increase the yield
of juice from a given amount of fruit. The
invention provides for complete removal of
remaining flesh from the peel in order to make
the peel better suited for subsequent use. The
albedo or white constituents may be easily
removed to obtain the flavedo, or colored
constituents for further processing. This
process follows the previously known procedure
to obtain a first batch of juice containing the
constituents insuring a desired amount of
cloudiness. The removed solids are then subject
to a treatment with pectolytic enzymes for a
prolonged period at room temperature, or for a
shortened period at increased temperatures.
This liberates a further substantial amount of
juice. The enzymes are also used with the
citrus shells from which the flesh has been
removed for juice production. The process thus
comprises the step of subjecting the pulp
remaining after pressing a first batch of juice
from the flesh of citrus fruits and, if desired,
the shells.
US-O488
Spies, J. R., E. J. Coulson, and P. A. Wells
(United States of America repr. by the
Secretary of Agriculture), Deallergenization
US-04SO
Vincent, D. B. Waste heat recovery systems for
dehydrating pulpy solids and syrup forming
liquid. U.S. 3,349,827; filed Jan. 24, 1966;
issued Oct. 31, 1967.

This drying and evaporating system of low heat
requirements combines direct heat drying, flash
215
-------
Recycling
evaporation, and secondary heat exchange to
utilize and capture for further evaporation
practically all of the energy supplied to the
system. Very little energy is sent to
wasteful exhaust. Specifically, the invention
employs moisture-laden exhaust gases from a
r
cote
CONDENSER
ISO"
<-'£*
/S2
/00.
VENT STACK FOR
EXHAUST GAS
flash evaporator as an energy source to
concentrate liquors that have passed through
the flash evaporator. This is done by drawing
a vacuum within an evaporation tube bundle.
Here the liquors boil to provide a lower
boiling point temperature than the dew point
temperature in the exhaust gases from the
flash evaporator passing over the tubes. The
dew point temperature is then raised in the
exhaust gases by recycling these gases through
the furnace from the dryer for recovery of
energy from the exhaust gases. The apparatus
is applicable for such wastes as citrus
cannery wastes.
LIOIMD-CAS ....
CYCLONIC SEPARATOR "* ^
'0?
EXHAUST DIRECT
GAS DELIVERY HEAT
JACKET FURNACE
US-0491
Jemal, E. J. (Mine and Smelter Supply Company),
Apparatus for recovery of tallow. U.S.
3,355,255; filed Oct. 8, 1965; issued Nov. 28,
1967.

This apparatus separates and recovers tallow
from waste animal flesh in slaughterhouses,
butcher shops, etc. After the tallow has been
melted by hot gasses a-id separated from the
flesh on partitions, a vertical, hollow
shaft is employed for the recovery operation.
The shaft is rotatably mounted centrally in
the housing by means of suitable bearings. It
carries a number of melted tallow-collecting
trays which are rotatable with the shaft and
are disposed under the respective partitions,
so that melting tallow passing through may be
collected in the trays. Material is treated
in an uppermost zone, drops to a lower one,
and continues dropping until it is in the
lowermost zone in the housing. An agent such
as charcoal may be pieced in the tray for
purifying and/or deodorizing the extracted
tallow before its delivery through an outlet.
US-0492
Kviesitis, B. , and W. E. Rogerson (Vylactos
Laboratories, Inc.), Preparation of animal feed
216
-------
from oat hulls. U.S. 3,395,019; filed Oct. 18,
1965; issued July 30, 1968.

The process of preparing an animal feed
consists of: grinding of a mass of oat hulls
mixed with water for a predetermined period
of time, at a temperature of between 50 and
100 P; adding and mixing a quantity of yeast
for approximately one hour at a temperature of
65 to 90 F; baking the mixture and adding to
it a water and molasses solution; mixing
again for 20 minutes and drying the mass in a
dryer. A fish derivative may be substituted
for the molasses. The preliminary baking of
the yeast-oat hull-water mixture is for the
purpose of modifying its starch and protein
characteristics, to dry it, and to expand the
pores of the material. This is performed at a
temperature of 230 to 320 F for 30 to 45
minutes. The last drying period is continued
until the moisture content is 0.5 to 5.0
percent.
US-0493
Carter, M. W., and E. L. Wiser. Sewage disposal
process and system for meat packing wastes.
U.S. 3,429,806; filed Mar. 24, 1967; issued
Feb. 25, 1969.
US-O494
Okamura, H. (H. S. Nishigahara, and Fuji Spinning
Company Limited), Method of disintegrating
leather or leather scrap. U.S. 3,441,470;
filed Mar. 10, 1966; issued Apr. 29, 1969.

Defective leather scrap is effectively
utilized for fabricating woven or non-woven
leather goods by retaining collagen fibers from
the defective scrap. The method consists of
dipping defective leather into warm water
containing a non-ionic active agent, rotating
the treated leather, dipping again into warm
water, and detanning the leather. The treated
leather is rotated in a dilute alkaline solution
and then washed. The leather is then treated in
a urea solution, washed, and then partially
dehydrated. Sulfonated olive oil emulsion
is added to the treated leather, and the
leather is then beaten and pressed against
a card clothing roll for disintegration.
The detanning is carried out by dipping the
treated leather into a dilute solution of
oxalic acid, tartaric acid, or citric acid, or
into an organic solution of caustic soda,
acetone, or methanol. The dilute alkaline
solution is selected from the group consisting
of caustic soda, sodium carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate, and barium hydroxide.
A process is given for the treatment of
packing house waste resulting from cleaning
the carcasses after the slaughtering operation
and washing the manure from the packing house
and the corrals. The wastes flow through a
series of stabilization ponds and an aeration
pond with the contents of the aeration pond
being recirculated back through the
stabilization ponds and the overflow from the
aeration pond being discharged into a stream.
The recirculated contents of the aeration pond
constitute a soil conditioner and when combined
with suitable chemicals may be used as a
fertilizer.
US 0495
Smith, W. H. (Birko Chemical Corporation),
Treatment of animal by-products. U.S. 3,475,179;
filed Jan. 23, 1967; issued Oct. 28, 1969.

Edible non-muscle animal by-products of the
meat packing industry, which have been
initially washed with alkaline detergents, are
washed in at least one warm aqueous solution
of a non-toxic, hydroxy organic acid to reduce
the pH of the effluent water to about neutral.
The temperature range of the solution is
100 to 150 F. The by-product is subsequently
treated with an aqueous solution of a non-toxic,
hydroxy organic acid at a substantially lower
temperature followed by a cool water rinse.
Such treatment of by-products provides means
for reducing the animal unit cost of the
industry. The treatment is applicable to offal,
tallow, tripe, and other non-muscle products.
US-0436
Moustafa, A. Oleaginous material reclamation
process. U.S. 3,476,570; filed Jan. 22, 1968;
issued Nov. 4, 1969.

Edible oleaginous materials from damaged
parchment wrappers, cartons, and related
217
-------
Recycling
plastic containers (packaging materials),
commonly used in the consumer packaging of
margarine and related oleaginous products are
reclaimed. Since these packaging materials
are often damaged in the process of manufacturing,
it is highly desirable to reclaim the adhering
and/or absorbed oleaginous materials from them.
The reclaiming process comprises the following
five basic steps: a melting of the oleaginous
fat from the packaging materials; a screening
(in the case of plastic containers screening is
preceded by shredding); a washing of the
packaging materials and further screening;
a centrifuging of the resultant emulsion;
and a vacuumizing of the reclaimed oleaginous
materials resulting in recovery of a pure oil.
of the strands and release (without loss) the
juice content to enable the grass to coagulate
while stored in a silo. The nutritive value
of the grass is thus maintained, as well as
Ztu.
the moisture, while obviating the looseness
of the mass (the cause of air pockets). In
this apparatus, a cylindrical housing holds a
rotor which is adapted to serve as a heater.
Material is induced by a forced draft-creating
means (the rotor creates this draft), and
passed directly between beater blades and a
crushing plate. Grass becomes adequately
crushed at a speed directly proportional to
the velocity at which the grass passes into
and out of the casing. Adjustments in the
speed of rotation of the combined fan and
beater can be easily made.
Cellulose Products
US-0497
Buen, A. A. (Pullman (Patent) Product Limited),
Apparatus for the treatment of grass and plants
to produce silage. U.S. 2,709,958; filed May 8,
1952; issued June 7, 1955.
43
US-0498
Farber, E. (Timber Engineering Company),
Process for preparing s;oil improvement
materials. U.S. 2,735,756; filed June 16,
1953; issued Feb. 21, 1956.

This soil conditioner is prepared from wood
products and a mineral acid. Wood which has
been ground and dried is mixed with water by
spraying the water on the wood or by other
means. To this mixture is added the desired
mineral acid and the mass thoroughly mixed.
The resulting mixture Is heated and dried.
Variations upon this method are given. The
product obtained is effective as an agent for
improving soils in which seeds are to be
germinated and plants are to be grown.
Using this apparatus to pretreat green crops
before loading them into a silo, it is possible
to crush the grasses to decrease the resilience
US-0499
Sproull, R. C., and C. D. Cone (Southern
Lumber Company), Process for producing
nitrogenated and phosphorylated fertilizer,
mulch, and soil conditioner. U.S. 2,881,066;
filed Mar. 23, 1956; ifisued Apr. 7, 1959.

Comminuted wood-like material is chemically
reacted with an aqueous; solution of about 6.5
218
-------
percent urea, 45. 7 percent phosphoric acid,
and 47.8 percent water at a temperature of
from 80 to 100 C. Under such conditions, water
insoluble nitrogen and phosphorus compounds
are chemically bonded within the wood-like
material. After a reaction time of about 1
the material is washed and then dried at a
maximum temperature of 110 C so that
hr,
1°—fe%ftf
VMTEKIAL
\ D.I,' .'/lif.'S T.IA? /

DRYER
•r \

Te
carbonization and loss of nitrogen does not
occur. The weight ratio of wood to solution
is approximately 0.83 to 0.15. The wood-like
material way be derived from conifer, or may
be in the form of bark or sawdt'St. The
finished product contains about 4 percent
nitrogen and about 15 percent phosphorus. The
combined fertilizer, mulch, and soil conditioner
releases the nutrients slowly through decay
processes, thus providing a sustained fertilizer
having the benefits of more humus-like materials.
US-O500
Kranz, C. L., and T. A. Groner. Composition for
building blocks. U.S. 2,899,325; filed Sept. 25,
1956; issued Aug. 11, 1959.
A building block composed of, by volume, 5
parts sawdust, 1 part sand, 1 part cement, 0.85
to 1.25 parts finely powered burnt gypsum, and
0.15 to 0.25 parts powdered pine rosin has a
high insulating value, high strength, is
easily worked with, and is sweat-proof,
fire-proof, and termite-proof.
USO501
Boomer, D. R., E. T. Clapperton, and R. C.
Phillips (Wooduse, Inc.), Continuous process
for conversion of ligno-cellulose materials.
U.S. 2,901,339; filed Dec. 27, 1955; issued
Aug. 25, 1959.
Wood wastes are treated to produce agricultural
nutrient carriers and soil conditioning agents.
Sawdust, bagasse, and the like are mixed with
an aqueous solution of a mineral acid. The
fluid mixture is conveyed through a reaction
zone in which the desired conversion takes
place. The mixture is conveyed through the
reaction chamber by means of a stream of hot
gases. These gases also function as the heat
transfer medium to bring the material to the
desired reaction chamber by means of a stream
of hot gases. These gases also function as
the heat transfer medium to bring the material
to the desired reaction temperature. Solids
are separated from the gases and scrubbed
with water. The solid product is quenched with
water to stop the reaction and then treated
with ammonia or other food supplements. The
product formed is uniformly treated even
though the particle size may vary over a wide
range.
US-0502
Burton, R. E. (Union Luntber Company), Process
of preparing a soil conditioner from subdivided
bark. U.S. 2,995,434; filed Dec. 13, 1957;
issued Aug. 8, 1961.

Sewage effluent or industrial waste is treated
by trickling it through a bed of chopped bark.
219
-------
Recycling
The final product Is useful as a soil conditioner
and fertilizer. Sewage effluent or industrial
waste water is screened to remove solids,
settled, and ponded. It is then pumped and
trickled through a filter bed which may be
several feet thick. Preferably it is made up

Sewage effluent
Pond
Pump
Redwood
Bark
f-r ^.'/-jl
?..l-r~
''
—--Pile (dry )

-17
Fertilizer
•~ a
Soil Conditioner
Pond -
\
Dltchorg* to Slreofn
or
Chlorlnolor
Slim*
17
17
of chopped fibrous or cork barks. As the
liquid is trickled through the bark filter,
slime grows on the bark and contains substantial
quantities of bacteria. The slime has a very
high nitrogen content. Treatment is continued
until the filter is exhausted, the treated
bark is removed, and new bark is introduced into
the filter. Treated bark is placed in piles
to dry and cure for two weeks or more. The
slime dries and is completely absorbed by the
fibers of the bark. Water discharged from
the filter has little or no BOD and no
pollution occurs.
US-0503
Renwick, C. S. Method of making a humus carrier
for plant nutrients. U.S. 3,034,882; filed
July 6, 1959; issued May 15, 1962.

Wood chips are treated with organic fertilizers
to render them useful as a fertilizer storage
medium. Any species of wood can he used.
The chips used are 3/4 in. long and 1/4 in.
thick, and smaller chips are screened and
discarded. Drying of the chips is followed by
processing while the chips are still hot, which
involves placing the chips in a rotating drum
and adding a cold solution of liquid chemical
fertilizer. Silicate of soda solution is
then thoroughly mixed and agitated with the
chips in a rotary type mixer. Exposure of the
chips to the atmosphere is the final step.
These fertilizer-impregnated wood chips increase
the soil friability and allow fertilizer to
escape over an extended interval.
USO504
Fontaine, P. J. (Goodman Manufacturing
Company), Wood chipper. U.S. 3,123,311; filed
Aug. 29, 1960; issued Har. 3, 1964.

A rotary disc chipper is designed for producing
wood chips for use in the manufacture of wood
pulp. The wood stock to be chipped is placed
in a chute which is at a 38 degree angle to
the chipper disc. Chipper knives are mounted
on the disc and cut the wood stock with a
scissors effect. This inexpensive mechanism
produces a maximum percentage of high quality
wood chips with a minimum of vibration and
chattering.
US-0505
Formaini, R. L. , and D. P. Schutz (Allied
Chemical Corporation), Process for preparing
a fertilizer containing water-insoluble
nitrogen from ammonia and wood. U.S. 3,146,087;
filed Jan. 29, 1962; issued Aug. 25, 1964.

This fertilizer contains a water-insoluble
nitrogen of high agronomic value and is prepared
from finely divided celJulosic materials by
oxidation and ammoniation. Wood chips or
sawdust are placed in a reactor in which the
temperature is controlled by indirect cooling.
220
-------
Gaseous nitrogen dioxide is fed over a period
of 2 to 20 hr through the bottom of the reactor.
Water, vapor, and nitric oxide form and are
displaced upward and out of the reactor.
Ammonia is added at a temperature of 185
to 230 C and a pressure of 1500 to 3000. The
final product is a fertilizer of high agronomic
value.
US-0506
Sproull, R. C., G. A. Pierce, and R. M.
Tokarz (The Chesapeake Corporation of
Virginia), Method of making fertilizer, mulch,
and soil conditioner. U.S. 3,218,149; filed
Feb. 25, 1963; issued Nov. 16, 1965.
A combined fertilizer, mulch, and soil
conditioner has a bark or sawdust base which
is ground or pulverized in a suitable grinding
means to a particle size which will pass
through a one-eighth in. screen. This base
material is conveyed to a reaction mixer and
preheated by steam while on the conveyor to a
temperature of 140 F to 160 F. Water, solid
potassium hydroxide, and solutions of phosphoric
acid, ammonium hydroxide, and urea-ammonia
solution are supplied to the base from
storage containers. The mixed mass and
solution are conveyed from the reaction mixer
to the dryer. From the dryer, the material is
transferred by an air conveyor to a cyclone
separator. The material fed out of the
separator is passed to a storage bin. From
the storage bin, it goes to an automatic
bagging device. The final product has plant
nutrients integrally bonded with the base
elements for controlled delayed release of
the nutrients from the base elements.
US-0507
Brandts, T. G., D. E. Helleur, R. M. Hopkins,
and R. G. Boivin (Consolidated Paper Limited)
Fibrous products from barking waste. U.S.
3,224,925; filed May 21, 1962; issued Dec.
1965.
21
BOARD
PKXXCT

The process for making fibrous boards from
waste raw cellulosic material comprises
disintegrating barking waste, obtained from
wood having a stringy fibrous inner bark, into
a fibrous wood fraction, a fibrous bark fraction,
and a non-fibrous bark fraction. This
disintegration is such that the wood fraction
of the barking waste is substantially not
disintegrated, while the fibrous bark fraction
is disintegrated to substantially fiber-size
and the non-fibrous bark fraction is disintegrated
to relatively fine dimensions. The wood
221
-------
Recycling
fraction is separated from the fibrous and
non-fibrous bark fractions. Then the fibrous
bark fraction is further separated from the
non-fibrous bark fraction, and the wood
fraction is disintegrated to fiber size. The
disintegrated fibrous bark fraction and the
disintegrated fibrous wood fraction are then
blended together in suitable proportions and
the blend is formed into a pressed, dried,
product.
US-0508
Burgon, W. F. (Canadian Forest Products
Limited), Processes for the production of
phosphate products. U.S. 3,239,329; filed
July 29, 1963; issued Mar. 8, 1966.
A process is provided for the production of
bark-phosphate products of controlled P205
content, while utilizing substantially all of
of the P205 present in the phosphate rock
starting material. The apparatus reduces the
quantity of mineral acid required from outside
the system. Sawdust may be used in place of
bark in the process to accomplish the rapid
development of water soluble P205 from phosphate
rock. Phosphate rock and moist bark are ground
together to form a coating of rock particles
upon the bark particles. A solution of
sulfuric acid is added to the mixture, before
the entire mixture is dried. Agitation causes
the bark organic acids to undergo surface
condensation and assisits in binding the calcium
in the phosphate rock to produce a product
having a mineral acid, organic acid calcium,
and water soluble phosphate coating. The
product is then extracted with an aqueous liquid.
Part of the extracted liquor is later used in
the acidulation step of the next cycle.
US-0509
Illingworth, R. H. (Garden State Paper Company,
Inc.), De-inking printed waste cellulosic stock.
U.S. 3,354,026; filed Sept. 5, 1963; issued
Nov. 21, 1967.

A product formed by sulfating the fatty acyl
of 4-amino butanol-2 is used as the active
agent in de-inking printed waste cellulosic
stock. Between 0.1 and 3.0 percent by weight
of the waste stock is the amount of de-inking
agent used. The waste stock is less than 10
percent by weight of the aqueous solution
whose temperature is about 100 to 165 F and
whole pH ranges between 9 and 10.5. The
waste stock and the agent are pulped together
in aqueous solution until the ink particles
have been separated from the cellulosic fibers.
US-0510
Lea, N. S., and J. S. Brawn (Scott Paper
Company), Flotation apparatus and recovery and
utilization of wood fi'ies from mill wastes.
U.S. 3,367,495; filed Sept. 22, 1964; issued
Feb. 6, 1964.
222
-------
In the manufacture of paper from wood, a wood
chipper reduces the wood fed into it to chips
of varying size. These chips are placed on a
small mesh screen and those which remain on
the screen are converted. The mixture of wood
waste and impurities is submerged in an aqueous
bath. A downward force is applied to the
mixture in the bath and forcibly conducts the
mixture downward into the bath and the mixture
is released from the pressure in a short period
of time. Upon completion of the above operation,
the good wood has a tendency to rise in the
bath while the impurities sink.
US4511
Mescher, H. E. (Pacific Scientific Company),
Waste converter. U.S. 3,376,202; filed Oct. 8,
1964; issued Apr. 2, 1968.
This furnace converts waste material such as
wood, paper, and grain hulls into charcoal and
gas products. Raw material is supplied to
the heated rotatable retort where it is converted
into charcoal. A conduit within the retort
conveys the combustible gases away from the
retort. The gas pressure within the retort is
automatically maintained at atmospheric
pressure during its operation. Combustible
gases are recycled by using the heat produced
when they are burned in a flange stack to heat
the retort.
US-0512
Illingworth, R. H. (Garden State Paper Company,
Inc.), De-inking printed waste cellulosic stock
utilizing an admixture of alkyl sulfates and
alkyl aryl sulfonates. U.S. 3,377,234; filed
Sept. 5, 1963; issued Apr. 9, 1968.

Waste printed paper can be de-inked by pulping
together printed cellulosic material in an
aqueous solution having as the active de-inking
agent an admixture of 20 to 30 parts by weight
of sodium lauryl sulfate and 1 to 4 parts by
weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The printed cellulosac material comprises below
10 percent of the aqueous solution (by weight),
and the agent mixture is about 0.3 to 3 percent
by weight of the cellulose material. The
aqueous solution has an alkaline pH until after
washing, when the pH is reduced to between 4.0
and 6.0. The de-inking agent also contains
55 to 70 parts of sodium polyphosphate along
•with the sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The temperature of
the aqueous solution may range between 40 to
200 F. Small amounts of trisodium phosphate,
borax, caustic soda, soda ash, tetrasodium
pyrophosphate, and carboxymethyl cellulose are
also added to the main ingredients of the
de-inking agent.
US 0513
Ilander, N. (Aktienbolaget Nordiska
Armaturfabrikerna), Apparatus for charging a
continuous digester. U.S. 3,388,038; filed
Dec. 7, 1964; issued July 11, 1968.
Methods and apparatus are provided for charging
a lignin-containing fibrous material, such as
wood chips, into a continuously operating
digester with provision for pretreatment of
this material under conditions, both physically
and chemically, different from those in the
digester. Raw material together with pretreating
liquid are introduced into two pretreatment
charging containers interconnected so as to
provide valve-controlled alternating circulation
of the steam-heated digesting liquid which is
withdrawn by means of a circulating pump via
a heat exchanger from the digester. The valve
223
-------
Recycling
arrangement is such that the charging containers
can be connected or disconnected from the
digesting liquid circulation. After
pretreatment with impregnating liquid, which
enters the chambers by separate conduits, chips
are fed from the containers into the digester
by means of motor-operated screw feeders. By
alternating the charge containers an
uninterrupted processing cycle is maintained.
The finished product is led out of the system
via an outlet conduit at the bottom of the
digester.
US-0514
Illingworth, R. H. (Garden State Paper
Company, Inc.), De-inking printed waste
cellulosic stock with nonionic detergent and
a polyol. U.S. 3,392,083; filed July 3, 1967;
issued July 9, 1967.
WATER SOURCE
REACTOR L [WASTE PAPER]
WASHER t THICKENER {3STAGF.)M

WEB FORMING
WASTE EFFLUENT
This process de-inks waste paper by pulping
the paper with a polyol such as a glycol and
a nonionic surface active agent. This
combination will de-ink all types of waste
printed cellulosic stock, regardless of the
type of ink or printing technique originally
utilized in producing the paper. The polyols
suitable for use are those compounds having
more than one hydroxyl (-Oil) group, each of
which is attached to separate carbon atoms of
an alphatic skeleton. This group includes
glycols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, and also
such compounds as trimethylolethane,
trimethylolpropane, 1,2 ,6-hexanctriol, sorbitol,
and inositol. The nonionic detergents suitable
for use may be described as water-soluble
synthetic nonionic surface active agents
containing a polyoxyalkylene chain of at least
two alkenoxy groups, and derived from alkyl
phenolic compounds in which the total number
of alkyl carbon atoms is between four and 24.
The weight ratio of nonionic detergent to
polyol may vary from about 10:1 to 1:10, but
is preferably about 2:1 to 1:2. After water
is charged to the reactor, but prior to the
addition of waste paper, the de-inking agents
are added to the pulpeir. The solution should
be kept at room temperature, and an alkali or
alkaline earth metal hydroxide or salt should
be added to maintain the pH of the de-inking
solution between about 7.0 and 10. The pulp
produced from the use of this method can be
utilized to make newsprint, magazine, or book
stock.
US-OS 15
tea, N. S., and D. E. Kotzerke (Scott Paper
Company), Soda cook of acid sulfite knotter
rejects. U.S. 3,393,121; filed Feb. 5, 1965;
issued July 16, 1968.

This process prepares pulp from acid sulfite
knotter rejects. The rejects include knots,
uncooked and partially cooked wood chips,
pieces of bark,, dirt, and fiber bundles. The
knotter rejects are obtained in the usual way
from a normal acid sulfite pulping process.
After being diluted, the rejects are passed to
a screen which separates the large knots, pieces
of wood, and bark frorr the desirable portion
of the slurry, A seccnd screen with an even
smaller mesh filters the material to obtain the
fraction for soda cooking. The percentage of
undesirable material commonly removed by this
step is about 25 percent. Usually a vibratory
screen is used with a mesh of about 1/2 in. by
about 1 1/4 in. during, the first screening
step. The second screening device can be of the
type normally used for separating pulp fiber
from the unwanted material in a conventional
acid sulfite process and may be, for example,
a Johnson Knotter screen with openings of 1/4
in. diameter. Finally, the pulp fibers are soda
cooked to obtain pulp. The pulp is of low
bleachability and high quality.
Sommer, H., H. Bestian, and D. Bergmann
(Farbwerke Hoechst A.G.), Recovery of
fibrous material from waste waters of the
paper, cardboard and cellulose industry
by addition of condensation of urea and an
alkylene-imine. U.S. 3,399,110; filed
Mar. 11, 1965; issued Aug. 27, 1968.
224
-------
This recovery method for fibrous waste material
improves the speed of flotation as well as the
clearing effect and constitutes an improvement
economically. The process comprises the
addition to the waste water of a nitrogenous
product obtained by the condensation of urea
and a member selected from the group consisting
of an 1,2-alkylcnneimine, carrying a substitutable
hydrogen atom at the nitrogen atom and oligomers
thereof. The nitrogenous product is used in
the amount of 0.1 to A percent referred to the
solid and suspended particles. The condensation
product of 1 mol of urea and 1 mol of
ethylene-imine is used as nitrogenous product.
US-0517
Leonor, M. F.
(E. Robertson), Carbonization
of bagasse. U.S. 3,436,312; filed Aug. 29,
1962; issued Apr. 1, 1969.

This process of carbonizing bagasse is
characterized in that the carbonized product
is of acceptable bulk density while the
inconvenience of briquetting is avoided. Green
bagasse, having a residua] sugar content, is
carbonized by contacting the bagasse with
sulfuric acid to reduce its weight by more than
about 20 percent, followed by further separating
the bagasse residue from the contacting
medium. The separated residue is heated
in the substantial absence of oxygen to
produce a fully carbonized bagasse of high
bulk density. The carbonized product can be
in the form of relatively small particles,
relative to the common sizes for briquettes,
so that it is in better form of utilization as fuel.
Cif <3-;i I
ts frJCf. Co-aari
tei£ G*i
&KA3Sf
/fef/%fW*
-------
Recycling
drying the bagasse, is derived from distillation
products such as gas, tar, and methanol
resulting from the conversion process without
any extraneous supply of fuel beyond that
necessary to initiate the operation. In the
case of wood, the material is first ground
into particles of sawdust before it is fed
into the three stages of the system.
waste. The slurry is heated with direct steam
to approximately 160 C for a period of about 3
hr, and then digested slurry is pulped at
about 35 C for between 3 and 5 minutes. The
solids content of the resulting pulp is
increased to approximately 30 percent.
Finally, the pulp is bJeached as required to
achieve a desired brightness.
Murphy, T. L. (M. T. Reed Construction
Company) , Method for treating corrugated waste
paper and product produced thereby. U.S.
3,440,134; filed Oct. 15, 1965; issued Apr. 22,
1969.
SCREW CONVEYOR
(•WITH MIXING PADDLES.
-SPMY HEADS
10
STEAM-
DIGESTER
Metals
US-0520
Thompson, W. E. (Harris Foundry and Machine
Company), Charging box for a machine for operating
on metal scrap. U.S. 2,932,247; filed Oct. 27,
1958; issued Apr. 12, 1960.
12
TO WASHER
AND
BLEACHER

This method utilizes waste corrugated cardboard
and paper in the production of acceptable
stock for use in conventional paper making.
The method comprises comminuting waste
corrugated cardboard end paper and forming
a slurry of this waste. The solids content
of the waste in slurry form is adjusted to
about 20 percent. The comminuted waste slurry
is digested with caustic soda in an amount
consisting of 10 percent by weight of the
226
-------
A charging box Is comprised of a box-like
receptacle having an open top, a pair of
opposed upright walls, a pair of opposed
upright ends, and a bottom wall that includes
a central portion hinged to a pair of
-126
opposite edge sections on parallel axes,
allowing pivotal movement between horizontal
and upright positions. Each of the two side
walls of the box has a lower portion secured
to the corresponding bottom wall edge, and
an upper portion hinged to the lower portion
on an axis parallel to the axes that allow
pivotal movement between the end walls.
One of the end walls is provided with an
approximately rectangular portion capable of
movement toward the inside of the
receptacle; the other has a rectangular
opening coextensive with the corresponding
end edges of the central bottom wall and
whose height and width at the top are at
least equal to the width of the bottom
edge portions. A reciprocating hydraulic
motor is connected to the bottom edge
portions enabling them to pivot
independently of each other. It also
connects to the upper portions of the side
walls in order to allow them to pivot,
and to the end wall portion for moving it
toward and away from the opposite end wall
opening.
US-0521
Anderson, B. E., and W. C. Larson
(American Smelting and Refining Company),
Sorting of scrap metal. U.S. 2,942,792;
filed July 30, 1957; issued June 28,
1960.
ff
199.
A process enhances the grade of light
metal scrap, especially aluminum scrap,
recovered from composite light metal scrap.
The process involves subjecting the scrap
to gravity separation in a water suspension
of finely divided ferrous solids to recover
a light metal portion from the scrap. This
recovered portion is melted. The
improvement comprises drying and then
agitating the recovered portion prior to
melting it, thereby removing from it the
finely divided ferrous solids adhering to
it.
OS-0522
Proler, S. (Proler Steel Corporation),
Scrap refining process and product.
U.S. 2,943,930; filed Oct. 27, 1959;
issued July 5, 1960.
A process of refining a raw ferrous bearing
scrap material comprises shredding the
raw material and separating the more
ferrous bearing shredded material from
the less ferrous bearing shredded material.
The more ferrous bearing shredded material
is roasted at a temperature sufficient to
remove substantially all non-ferrous
metals--about 1,300 to 1,800 F. The
pieces of the more ferrous bearing shredded
material are individually compacted and
baled up to densify the material, while
maintaining the individuality of the
separate pieces. In this manner, a
fluent mass is obtained.
US-0523
Ankersen, B. R. Furnaces. U.S. 3,031,176;
filed May 4, 1959; issued Apr. 24, 1962.

A furnace for the heating of billets, forging
blanks, etc. makes it possible to
continuously heat or he£-t treat the
227
-------
Recycling
material at high temperatures without
causing any significant oxidation or
corrosion on the surfaces of the articles
being treated. An outer cylindrical
housing, adapted to be rotated about its
axis, is provided, as well as an inner
heat resistant lining on the inner periphery
of said housing. A conveyor passing through

the housing defines a separate heating area
and a treating area and serves as a means
for carrying work through the housing in the
treating area. This conveyor receives
radiant heat from the lining, the means for
heating the latter being provided by a
separate heating area during rotation. A
means for introducing a protective atmosphere
in the conveyor is described.
US-0524
Lowry, J. W., W. S. Peterson, and T. W. F.
Foster (Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical
Corporation) , Reclamation of metallic
values from aluminum dross. U.S. 3,043,678;
filed Aug. 12, 1959; issued July 10, 1962.

Free metal is recovered from dross or
skimmings obtained from melts of aluminum
and aluminum base alloys. Aluminum dross
is placed inside a rotary furnace. A
predetermined amount of salt flux in solid
form is placed in the rotary furnace on top
of the dross. The furnace is then rotated at a
suitable rate of speed to obtain a violent
tumbling or cascading action of the mixture
of dross and salt flux to break up large
lumps of dross. Heat is applied to the mixture
to liquify the flux. After reaching a liquid
state, the mixture is subjected to a gentle
tumbling action. Droplets of the metal
separate from the drosss and collect in a
pool of metal. The liquid flux, intimately
mixed with the dross particles, wets the
oxides, nitrides, and non-metallic impurities
to promote the separation of the metal from
the dross. After rotating and heating for
a proper length of time, the molten metal is
drained from the furnace and the dross and
flux residue dumped.
US-0525
Sunday, E. G., and P. P. Taubenblat
(American Metal Climax, Inc.), Process for
smelting metallurgical, dusts. U.S. 3,123,
465; filed Sept. 8, 1958; issued Mar. 3,
1964.

An improved process is provided for the
pyrometallurgical smelting of finely divided
oxidic materials containing lead, zinc,
and tin to procure enhanced yields of metal
values. The process separates completely
any physically-entraiied molten metal
from the otherwise barren residue. This
is accomplished during the course of smelting
in a stationary smelting chamber without
resorting to extraneous treatment of the
residue after smelting. Agglomerates
consisting of the oxidic dust are fed in
admixture with suitable amounts of
carbonaceous material and soda ash through
an inclined smelting chamber to provide a
columnar charge. The zinc vapors drawn
from the charge are condensed normally.
The molten metal product filters through only a
relatively small portion of the charge due
to the tilted arrangement of the smelting
chamber and channels along the lower sidewall
eventually accumulating at the bottom of
the furnace. A greater separation of the
228
-------
molten metal, therefore, results, leaving
an essentially barren residue to be
10.
liquid is added to animal drinking water,
it provides a mineral supplement.
14
discarded without incurring any significant
metal losses.
US-0526
Williams, B. F. Method of providing
fertilizer from metal mine waste. U.S.
3,135,595; filed June 13, 1962; June 2,
1964.

Fertilizer is produced from waste mineral
materials situated in mine dumps. The first
step is to let water run over the exposed
material in the mine waste dump to extract
the soluble contents. The water is
recirculated a number of times. It is
then transferred to a processing tank
provided with agitating devices. Pieces of
iron are introduced into the tank to reduce
the ferric sulfate to ferrous sulfate and
precipitate out some of the copper. Sulfuric
acid is added to the liquid to attain a
desirable pH. Agitators in the. tank speed
up the process. After this treatment, the
liquid is removed and stored in suitable
containers. It is applied by mixing it
with the usual irrigation water. When the
US-0527
Ankersen, B. R. Rotary salt bath furnaces.
U.S. 3,137,752; filed Dec. 10, 1958;
issued June 16, 1964
A furnace for heating metal objects free
from corrosive influence has a container
pivotally mounted to rotate on its bottom
and encloses a salt bath. A housing is
suspended above the container and extends
into the salt bath in such manner that an
access opening is formed between the container
and the periphery of the housing. The housing
is equipped with a heating means in a
position to act upon the salt bath. An
outlet for the combustion gases from the
housing is featured. A conveyor is
provided at a tangent to the periphery
of the furnace to carry articles to be
treated to the edge of the hearth, and an
hydraulically operated load arm pushes the
objects downward. As the hearth rotates
the articles to be treated are heated to
the desired temperature.
US-0528
Stratford, H. W. Method of burning out
barrels. U.S. 3,163,134; filed Nov. 4, 1963;
issued Dec. 29, 1964.
This method reclaims metal barrels or drums
by safely burning out combustible vapor-producing
229
-------
Recycling
residue on the interior surfaces. Treatment
prior to burning out involves the. displacement
of oxygen by a non-combustible gas, such as
carbon dioxide. This operation decreases the
chances of an explosion within the can. After
this step, the barrel is inverted on a mesh
conveyor and passed in Co a furnace or oven
where it is subjected to flames to burn out the
interior. After cooling, the residue chips
or ash may be jarred out of the container by
a sharp rap.
US4J529
Ankersen, B. R. Rotary barrel salt bath
furnaces. U.S. 3,206,182; filed Oct. 20,
1961; issued Sept. 14, 1965

A rotary barrel salt bath furnace for
melting or heating highly oxidizable alloys
and materials features an outer steel shell
and a refractory lining and is heated by
radial burners firing into an axial burner
block opening. Spaced passages extend
diagonally from the periphery of the furnace
to an opening in its frustoconical end so as
to discharge into a trough mounted on a
rotary well which is rotatable on guide
rolls. A charging chute is provided above
the trough of the furnace into which metal
chips may be fed, and from thence into the
molten salt in the trough where they are
carried into the furnace. The molten metal
collects in the bottom of the furnace and
is then discharged along with a protective
coating of salt. The molten metal is
separated in the well. The furnace is
rotated on rollers by means of a motor,
a driving rack, and a pinion.
US-0530
Ankersen, B. R. Rotary barrel salt bath
metal melting and testing furnaces. U.S.
3,215,421; filed Dec. 26, 1961; issued
Nov. 2, 1965.

With this furnace it is possible to
continuously melt aluminum chips and
similar fine scrap without excessive losses,
or to melt aluminum, zinc, or similar lower
melting metals from higher melting metals.
A cylindrical furnace body features an
outer metal shell and a refractory lining.
A frustoconical end portion is provided
at one end of the furnace body with an
opening to which spaced elongated passages
extend diagonally from the base of the
frustoconical end portion. These passages
serve to deliver fluid from the base of the
frustoconical end to the opening mentioned.,
The metal chips to be melted are fed from
a chute into various segments. The furnace
body is rotated on carrier rolls in the
conventional manner. The chips are
immediately submerged by molten salt,
230
-------
carrying them beneath the surface and
coating them before their exposure to
oxidation. The salt is recirculated and
used continuously.

US-0531
Schott, C. C. Method and apparatus for
continuously melting scrap vehicles. U.S.
3,367,769; filed July 22, 1965; issued
Feb. 6, 1968.
///. ^-'fS /if @Cm,H

"Tgfcn^^ffi
Scrap vehicles are partially compressed
in a squeezing apparatus and then lifted
by a hoist and deposited on end, one on
another, in the top opening of a furnace
stack. An annular, water-cooled ledge,
located between the bottom of the stack
and the top of the combustion chamber, has
an opening smaller than the stack for
engaging the lowermost scrap vehicle and
supporting the entire column of vehicles
in the stack. Progressive melting of the
lowermost scrap vehicle results in the descent
of the others in the column. The molten
metal is collected in the hearth. It is
withdrawn from the hearth into a trough.
The slag is separated from the molten
metal, and the molten metal is deposited
in a series of molds carried by an endless
conveyor to a continuous pigging machine.
US-0532
Stone, J. K. (Kaiser Industries Corporation),
Process for producing aggregate containing
oxygen steel process dust. U.S. 3,374,085;
filed June 13, 1964; issued Mar. 19, 1968.

Useable ferrous material is recovered from
gases emitted from a steel-making furnace.
The oxygen steel particles are mixed together
with particles of not less than 20 microns in
diameter and comprising a material compatible
with iron in steel making operations, and with
a cementitious agent. The three are mixed
thoroughly to form a uniform mass. The mass is
then shaped into pellets which can be fed into
a high temperature furnace. The cementitious
agent should be a cokable carbonaceous
material or a calcium aluminate cement. Iron
ore, lime, limestone, coke, coal, etc. can
serve as the compatible substance.
231
-------
Recycling
US-0533
Ankersen, B. R. Rotary hearth metal melting
furnaces. U.S. 3,377,059; filed Dec. 27,
1965; issued Apr. 9, 1968.

Using this furnace, it is possible to melt
aluminum or similar oxidizable metal
ingots, turnings, chips, and similar fine
scrap without significant oxidation, at
a high rate of speed, and without the
expensive techniques previously proposed.
The metal-melting furnace is composed of
a circular hearth. Upstanding sidewalls can
rotate about a vertical axis and are
adapted to contain a molten metal bath.
A roof is supported above the hearth and
is vertically movable with respect to the
sidewalls. The distance from roof to hearth
ZZa
is selectively adjustable. An opening in
the roof has a portion adjacent to the axis
for passing a metal charge to the hearth.
A plow or blade, which extends radially
below the roof into the metal bath, causes
metal to flow across the bath to the center.
A burner in the roof is positioned so as to
incinerate any solid particles which
may be contained in the exhausting flue
gases. The plow directs molten metal
across the radius of the bath and
downward to carry charged metal pieces
below the surface. Thi centrifugal force
of the rotating hearth causes the molten
metal to move from the axis to the
periphery of the hearth and up the sidewall.
The p]ow is adjusted on the roof.
Upstanding ribs on the hearth cause rotation
of the metal with the hearth.
US-0534
Butterworth, A. A. Container and method of
building a breakwater. U.S. 3,393,520;
filed Sept. 7, 1965; issued July 23, 1968.
1

J-V.L-—I
J/
This process utilizes sections of salvaged
and obsolete ships for the building of
breakwaters. After the hull is stripped
by removal of the bow, stern, and all
of the superstructure, it is cut into
sections. The sections are welded together
to form rectangular pieces with teeth
along their bottom to hold them in place.
When the pieces are placed end to end, they
form a breakwater which won't shift or move
laterally.
US-0535
Elmore, M. E. (Bunker Hill Company),
Recovery of lead from waste storage
batteries. U.S. 3,393,876; filed Nov. 21,
1966; issued July 23, 1968.
232
-------
This process recovers metallic lead from
waste storage batteries which have lead
compound dust in the cells. The batteries
are comminuted, or at least the cells,
and the material is subjected to a sink
flotation separation process. The valued
and nonvalued particles are dispersed
into separate regions of the liquid
suspension of lead compound dust. The
valued particles are removed from the
suspension and charged into a smelting
stage, together with the lead densification
medium adhering to it. Then, a second
section of batteries have its cells
comminuted and subjected to the sink
flotation process.
US-0536
Lambert, B. F. Method of selectively
removing solder from a vehicular radiator
to produce an alloy specification product.
U.S. 3,393,998; filed June 21, 1965;
issued July 23, 1968.

This process converts the copper and brass
components of scrap vehicular radiators
into a copper base casting alloy by
removing the tin-lead solder used to hold
the component parts together. The radiators
are briquetted and, then, turibled in a
heated, pitched, rotating tubular
apparatus. Desired amounts of solder
are selectively sweated from the radiators,
and the melted solder flows into a slag
buggy which collects the solder for reuse.
The radiators can be agitated further on a
conventional vibrating screen where additional
solder can be removed. This process produces
a copper-base alloy which satisfies a
particular material specification: copper
79 percent; tin 2.4 percent; lead 7.2 percent;
and zinc, the balance.
17.
US-0537
Shoeld, M. Reclamation of lead-acid
storage batteries. U.S. 3,395,010; filed
July 20, 1967; issued July 30, 1968.

This process recovers the constituent
elements of lead-acid storage batteries
including reuseable lead, sulfur trioxide,
sulfuric acid, and carbon dioxide. Within
the storage batteries, layers of lead foil
and lead peroxide are disposed between
layers of kraft paper which are rendered
acid-proof by the inclusion of small
amounts of rubber latex. The components
233
-------
Recycling
of the batteries are fed to a reaction zone
substantially free of antimony. Heat is
supplied by electric resistance heating which
reduces the lead compounds and dissociates
to a temperature above the melting
temperature of the alkali metal but below
the decomposition temperature of the
insulation. The segments are preferably
heated in an oil bath.
US-0539
Oster, E. A. (Environ, Inc.)i Scrap recovery
process. U.S. 3,429,022; filed July 28, 1965;
issued Feb. 25, 1969.
r * _L
/i\

•— —

a
/l\

i ~ » i
J IT « *
X
TUBE--
the sulfuric acid. The materials move down
into the reaction zone which is located at the
bottom of a gravity-fed chamber. Molten lead
is removed from the zone separate from
the exhaust gases. The exhaust gases, which
Include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and
sulfur trioxide, are directed to a washing
zone where they are maintained at a
temperature high enough to prevent the
reformation of sulfuric acid. Useful
values may be recovered from the exhaust
gases. This recovery process requires
heating temperatures in excess of 800 F.
US-0638
Addis, G. I. (Union Carbide Corporation),
Recovery of metal from insulated electrical
cable. U.S. 3,428,447; filed Mar. 5, 1968;
issued Feb. 18, 1969.

Alkali metal is recovered from insulated
alkali retal conductors by reducing the
conductor to segments of a suitable size
and heating the segments in an inert media
A process of converting metallic objects,
essentially sheet metal, into a comparatively
dense, dirt, and rust free scrap product
which is more readily amenable to magnetic
234
-------
separation consists of the disassembly and
cleaning of metallic discards by repeated
impacts. These impacts are applied to such
articles by supporting them upon a rotating
horizontal plate which carries the
impacting members. The scrap metal being
treated is completely unconfined and is
held against the impacting members only by its
own inertia.
US-0540
Duval, L. A. Method of salvaging iron from
riverbeds. U.S. 3,439,803; filed Dec. 21,
1964; issued Apr. 22, 1969.

A valuable supply of iron exists in the
riverbeds adjacent most basic industrial
plants, particularly iron and steel making
plants. Iron dust is discharged into the
atmosphere and settles to the river bottom
while scale is generally discharged directly
into the river and settles to the bottom
and forms a layer of slime. The slime
enters the iron recovery plant and is roughly
screened to remove large non-iron producing
debris which is then discharged. The slime
is then passed through magnetic separation
stations which act in series to collect
the course category iron particles and
some of the intermediate category particles.
The remaining tail is then passed into a
gravity separation station operable to
collect most of the intermediate particles.
The tails from the gravity separation station
may then be operated upon by froth-flotation
and techniques to recover fine category
particles remaining in the tails solution.
US 0541
Bartu, F. (Maerz Ofenbau A.G.), Process of
melting scrap or another solid metallic
charge. U.S. 3,447,920; filed June 18,
1965; issued June 3, 1969.

Solid metallic charge, such as scrap,
is melted in a furnace comprised of two
interconnected vessels--a preheating vessel
and a melting vessel--which are arranged
one behind the other and are used in
alternation. The scrap is melted by
burning an external fuel and the
resulting hot flue gases are transferred
to the preheating vessel for preheating
the scrap. Both vessels are always
heated at the same time by burning external
fuels simultaneously. In the melting
235
-------
Recycling

vessel, an oxygen-containing gas is used
having a higher oxygen content than the
oxygen-containing gas for burning the fuel
in the preheating vessel. This practice
enables the utilization of the good heat
transfer from the flame formed in the
combustion of fuel with hot air to the
scrap when it is cold or has not yet
been heated to the melting point. This
practice also makes it possible to use
oxygen only in that phase in which the
flame of fuel and hot air has a poor heat
efficiency. The final result is a reduction
of the consumption of relatively expensive
oxygen.
US-0542
O'Reilly, B. (Nassau Smelting and Refining
Company, Inc.), Processes of removing
plastic insulation from wires and of
controlling gases resulting therefrom.
U.S. 3,448,509; filed 7eb. 5, 1964;
issued June 10, 1969.

The gases evolved in the reclaiming of
conductor wires throug'i distillation of
certain plastic insulations contain obnoxious
constituents which must be reduced to
tolerable levels before they can be
released to the atmosphere. A quantity of
plastic-insulated wire is placed in a
chamber which is then sealed airtight
both to enclose the chamber and to limit
the amount of air. The wire is heated to a
temperature sufficient to reduce the plastic
to a crisp residue and to evolve gases from
the plastic. The evolved gases are
wet-scrubbed to remove1 obnoxious constituents.
The heating step alone and in combination
with the scrubbing step effects the
reclamation of unoxidized wire and the
control of the evolved gases. The crisp
residue is ultimately removed. The
plastic is polyvinyl chloride or
polyvinyl acetate.
•jj»ii!if/.:w 3°\JjJ;^

US-0543
Bowden, J. J. Method of preheating and
charging scrap to a EOF. U.S. 3,479,178;
filed May 24, 1966; issued Nov. 18, 1969.

Scrap is preheated before it is charged
into a basic oxygen vessel by placing the
scrap on cars which are driven through a
tunnel-type furnace. A non-oxidizing
atmosphere is maintained in the furnace
and radiant heat is utilized to minimize
the addition of objectionable oxides to the
scrap. The scrap is heated to a temperature
just short of the point where it loses its
236
-------
magnetism and a magnet is used to lift the
scrap from the cars and deliver it to the
vessel. The preheating is terminated when
the steel scrap reaches a maximum temperature
on the order of 1,300 F. Economies in the EOF
process are affected because a shorter time
period of use of the basic oxygen furnace
is needed which accordingly increases the
life of the furnace and reduces maintenance
expense. A shorter operating time also
makes it possible to use a greater amount of
less expensive scrap, to use a lesser
amount of more expensive pig iron, to
two dissimilar metals are mechanically
separated by breaking the weakened composite
bond. The heating is carried out in an
too
0 15 30 60 120 Z40

LOG TIME AT TtupCRATURE (uiwrcs)

inert atmosphere at a temperature of from
about 1,600 F to about 1,800 F for a time
from about 20 minutes to about 3 hr.
reduce oxidation losses in the furnace,
and increase production.
US-0544
Winter, J., and A. J. Goldman (Olin
Mathieson Chemical Corporation), Method for
reclaiming composite metal scrap. U.S.
3,481,020; filed Feb. 28, 1967; issued
Dec. 2, 1969.

Composites made of different metals and/or
alloys are separated by weakening the bond
between the dissimilar metals in the
composite by void formation at the bond
interface, and/or grain boundary rupture
in the vicinity of the bond interface, and/or
formation of a brittle intermetallic phase
at the bond interface. The components of
the composite may be selected from the
group consisting of iron, copper, and their
base alloys. The composite is heated to an
elevated temperature for a time sufficent to
effect diffusion of at least two dissimilar
metals into each other from opposite sides of
the dissimilar metal interface in the
composite in order to form voids. The
US-0545
Uzdavines, E. A. Method of converting
scrap automobile bodies to high grade pigs.
U.S. 3,484,231; filed Apr. 7, 1966;
issued Dec. 16, 1969.

This device converts scrap automobile
bodies into a form directly useable as a
high grade charge for a steel furnace.
Car bodies are placed on a conveyor for
movement through a thermally insulated
compartment. Initially, the bodies are
heated to about 600 F in order to remove
low temperature melting metals from the bodies,.
During an intermediate step the bodies reach
a temperature in the range of from 1,200
to 1,400 F. Finally, the bodies are heated
to about 1,600 F before being dropped into
a furnace at an operating temperature in
excess of 2,600 F. Most contaminants are
burned off before the bodies are deposited
in the furnace, but if they aren't, the
materials remain at the surface of the molten
mass as a separable slag layer. Periodically,
the furnace is tapped to draw off the molten
metal into pig or billet forming molds, and
the slag is disposed of in any desired manner.
237
-------
Recycling
Incomplete combustion products produced in
the form of smoke are drawn off and forced
through the furnace bed to complete
combustion and eliminate air pollution.
US-O546
Vignos, J. C. (Ohio Ferro-Alloys Corporation),
Treatment of slags. U.S. 2,546,936;
filed June 2, 1949; issued Mar. 27, 1951.

This process fractionally separates phosphorus
as an iron-phosphorus alloy, from slags
resulting from iron and steelmaking operations.
The manganese is then separated. This is
done instead of first reducing the combined
oxides of phosphorus, sulfur, iron,
manganese, etc. and next attempting to
extract the phosphorus from the resulting
alloy. The fractional separation mentioned
occurs by adding a reducing agent which reacts
with the slag to maintain it in the molten
condition and at the same time cause
substantially continuous agitation of the
slag. It will also, if added in proper
amounts, reduce the phosphorus oxide and
sufficient iron oxide to combine with the
phosphorus in the form of an iron-phosphorus
alloy. This alloy may be readily segregated
from the remaining managanese oxide-containing
material.
US-0547
Perrin, R. (Societe d'Electro-Chimie d'Electro-
Metallurgie et des Acieries Electriques
d'Ugine), Process for recovering managanese
from basic open-hearth slag. U.S. 2,732,293;
filed June 9, 1953; issued Jan. 24, 1956.

This process recovers manganese from basic
open-hearth slags. In the operation, the
basic slag, containing iron and manganese
oxides which also contain phosphorus and sulfur
as impurities, is converted to an acid slag.
This is accomplished by means of the addition
of silica. The acid slag is next subjected
to partial reduction. The amount of reduction
is regulated to eliminate the greater part
of the phosphorus and sulfur while retaining
the greater part of the manganese in the
slag in the form of an oxide. Separation of
the slag from the metal bath then occurs,
allowing the purified s Lag to be reused as
a raw material for the recovery of manganese.
US-O548
Warner, J. P. Method of recovering metals
from non-ferrous metallurgical slags. U.S.
2,820,705; filed Mar. 17, 1955; issued
Jan. 21, 1958.
Z6
This process recovers metals from non-ferrous
metallurgical slags derived from a diversity
of smelting operations and containing a large
238
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number of different metals. This process
recovers as much as 90 percent of the valuable
metal content of the slag. It may be
operated in conjunction with conventional
smelting equipment. In the apparatus,
a reduction zone, containing a matrix
comprising pieces of a reducing material
for the compounds to be extracted, preserves
in the zone a reducing condition indicated
by an atmosphere containing proper
proportions of carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide. The slag is passed in the molten
state through and in contact x^ith the
matrix for the reduction of the reducible
metal compounds present in the slag.
US-0549
Anderson, J. N. (Normanda Mines, Ltd.),
Method for reducing metal losses in
reverberatory furnace slag. U.S
filed July 26, 1956; issued Oct.
2,857,263;
21, 1958.
ivvl
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Processing/Reduction
US-0552
Johnson, A. F. (Strategic Materials
Corporation), Metallurgical process. U.S.
3,091,524; filed Oct. 23, 1959; issued
May 28, 1963.

In recovering valuable metals from slag,
the slag is contacted with a molten alloy
within an electric furnace at a suitable
smelting temperature. The alloy is reduced
by means of the addition of carbon. This
is required to reduce unwanted impurities
from the slag. Oxygen-containing gas is then
blown into the alloy to reoxidize at least
a major portion of the desired metal back
into the slag and retain a major portion of
impurities in the metal. In this way, the slag
is freed of unwanted impurities with only
a small loss of the desired metal. The
invention, therefore, may treat iron silicate
slags containing oxides of such metals as
calcium, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, copper,
sulphur, uranium, and phosphorus.
the vessel, a liquid iipray is injected into
the falling slag stream to break the
slag into particles. Then the slag
particles fall into a fast moving stream
US-0553
Fairman, A. H., D. R. H. Freyer, and W. A.
Peet (Minister of Power, in Her Majesty's
Government of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland), Gasifiers.
U.S. 3,218,998; filed Mar. 15, 1963; issued
Nov. 23, 1965.

A slagging gasifier has a hearth formed
with a slag outlet which drains the molten
slag received from within the gasifier.
The gasifier also includes a burner located
below the hearth and offset from the path
down which the slag will flow, for maintaining
the slag in a fluid state. A muffle is
located at the underside of the hearth and
extends along it to a point near to and
opposite the lip of the slag outlet. The
muffle is directed so that the flame and a
jet of hot gases will be projected from
the burner directly along the muffle, onto
the slag upon the lip of the outlet, and then
upward. The muffle also prevents descent of
solid fuel from the hearth and maintains
free passage for the slag.
US-0554
Burch, C. J. (United States Steel
Corporation) , Method and apparatus for
granulating slag. U.S. 3,395,995; filed
Feb. 5, 1965; issued Aug. 6, 1968.

Slag is removed from a steel refining vessel
and transported to an appropriate disposal
area. As the molten slag is poured from
of liquid, which brea'-c the slag particles
into smaller granules and carry the slag
away. The liquid stream originates
from an elevated storage tank, where the
liquid is alternately accumulated during
the refining of the iron, and released
during the pouring of the slag.
PROCESSING/REDUCTION
US-0555
Carmel, W. Bottle crushing device. U.S.
2,466,151; filed Dec. 19, 1946; issued Apr.
5, 1949.

This bottle crusher has a hopper which can
be removed for easy disposal. The top of
the unit is raised for insertion of a
bottle and the plunger arm is raised and
locked into an elevated position. When
the top is pressed down, the springs are
240
-------
placed under tension and as it closes the
plunger is released. After the bottle is
broken, the fragments fall into the hopper
below. This device is extremely simple,
positive in action, and permits easy
disassembly of the parts after the desired
amount of crushing has been completed.
US-0556
Yellot, J. I. (Institute of Gas Technology),
Method for disintegration of solids. U.S.
2,515,542; filed Apr. 20, 1948; issued
July 18, 1950.

In the disintegration of coarsely fragmented
solid material, compressed gas is fed into
a receptacle containing solid granules.
The solid materials are uniformly,
continuously, and adjustably fed into a
conduit. Downstream of the point where the
solid particles are fed into the system
is a constriction of some type, such as a
convergent nozzle, a restricted orifice,
31-
etc. The constriction is located at a
distance from the material feeding means
that is the required minimum for entrainment
of the particles by the gas. Disintegration
of the particles is accomplished upon
passing through this constriction.
US-0557
Kandle, L. A. (Penjay Manufacturing Company),
Bottle breaking apparatus. U.S. 2,645,428;
filed Feb. 20, 1952; issued July 14, 1953.

This improved bottle breaking device is
mounted on three or more legs for support.
The receptacle has a hinge-mounted door on
the upper end operated by a handle, and a
door on the lower end operated by a cable.
Manual operation of a lever compresses the
spring on the plunger. The upper door is
opened and the bottle dropped in. A
trigger mechanism releases the spring-loaded
plunger and the bottle is broken. The
lower door is opened with the movement of the
lever and is released to compress the spring
and the broken glass into a receptacle
below. This unit is designed to break
241
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Processing/Reduction
bottles such as alcoholic drink bottles
which must be broken immediately after
use, by law.
US-0558
Westrate, J. M. Bottle-breaker. U.S.
2,655,320; filed Aug. 6, 1951; issued Oct.
13, 1953.
A bottle-breaker is comprised of a cover
mountable on a trash can. A detent on this
cover locks behind the lip of the can so the
cover is unliftable from the can in the
area of the detent. There is a hinged
bottle-receiving door In the cover,
adjacent to the detent. Paired legs
extend from the cover to project within a
can upon which the cover is disposed.
Paired feet extend from the legs, extending
into the space below the door, and are
capable of supporting a bottle in spanning
relationship to the feet below the door.
An anvil-stop is disposed between the feet.
There is a hammer keyed on an axle adapted
to swing against the arvil and to break a
bottle disposed betweer the feet. A
wheel keyed on the axle has an attached tab
on its periphery. A spring tensioned
between the tab and top of the device is
adapted to be wound on the periphery of the
wheel and unwinds from it to rotate the
axle via the wheel. This swings the hammer
down on the anvil. A chain is strung
between the door and the tab attached to the
door and is adapted to rotate the axle when
the door is opened via the wheel by unwinding
on the periphery of the wheel to swing the
hammer back to a cocked position and to
wind the spring on the wheel. A pin is
located near the periphery of the xriieel.
A cocking lever fulcrummed on one leg has a
notch adapted to engage this pin to hold the
wheel in the cocked position against the
tension of the spring. The pin and the
notch of the lever are urged into contact,
and a boss on the door is adapted to
contact the unnotched end of the lever to
move it to free the pin when the door is
closed from the notched end of the lever.
This allows the spring to swing the hammer
down on the anvil to break a bottle positioned
on the feet of the breaker.
US-0659
Boutwell, W. R. Waste carton crusher.
U.S. 2,660,110; filed Nov. 16, 1951;
issued Nov. 24, 1953.

A crusher of this type is used for crushing
waste material and reducing the bulk of
waste cartons. The crusher member, a hollow
container which can be filled with sand
or other heavy material, is attached to
a wincli and boom. The device is easily
transported to its point of use. The filled
crusher member is eleva'ed by the winch,
the boom is swung over :he material to be
crushed, and the winch shaft is released.
The crusher member descends upon the
material with considerable force. Padding
242
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of the crusher member minimizes damage to the
underlying pavement.
US-0560
Lecher, J. (The Microcyclomat Company),
Method and apparatus for reducing solid
materials utilizing vibratory shock waves.
U.S. 2,709,552; filed Mar. 6, 1952;
issued May 31, 1955.
a
An apparatus pulverizes materials in a
dry condition while they are carried by a
flow of gas. The material to be
pulverized is carried by a gaseous flow
through a reaction chamber. The material is
subjected to shock by collision between
the particles of material or between
particles of the material and the
reaction chamber. The flow of gaseous
fluid and the shocked particles of material
are passed through a succession of
passageways. The surfaces of these
passageways are movable and are maintained
in intense vibration for generating intense
sonic energy in the gaseous fluid.
Yoerger, R. R. (Iowa State College Research
Foundation, Inc.), Method of segmenting
corncobs. U.S. 2,766,795; filed Jan. 19, 1953;
issued Oct. 16, 1956.
This crusher device is adapted to crush
corncobs and similar material to form stock
or poultry litter without creating dust.
The mechanism first splits the cobs
longitudinally and cuts them into uniform
chunks. It is designed to carry the cobs
to a zone for breaking and then delivering
them to another destination. Uniform
segments are attained by passing the cobs
through breaker or crusher bars by which
they are split into four parts lengthwise,
then cut transversely.
US-0562
Howell, J. McC. Can crusher. U.S. 3,034,422;
filed Feb. 4, 1958; issued May 15, 1962.

This crusher is used for crushing empty
oil cans. The can is placed between a
213
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Processing/Reduction
movable and a fixed head, one of which
carries a blunt protuberance for denting
the end of the can. This inward bulge
for effecting intense circulation and heating
of the material, and an annular screening
device surrounding the rotary impeller, this

causes the force required to crush the
can to be greatly reduced. It can be
operated by fluid pressure or manually.
The unit can be mounted on an open-topped
receptacle so that the crushed can is
automatically discharged into the receptacle.
It is particularly designed for use in
service stations.
US0563
Nilsson, N. G. H. Apparatus for beating and
disintegrating fibrous materials in
liquid suspension. U.S. 3,295,769;
filed Dec. 2, 1964; issued Jan. 3, 1967.

PuJpers or beaters are constructed for
disintegrating fibrous materials in
liquid suspension, such as waste paper,
paper pulp, and pasteboard. Separated or
loosened fibers in the suspension may be
strained off througli a screening device
during the beating process in an efficient
manner which will not present clogging
problems. A container receives material
to be treated, which includes impeller means
IB-
device forming part of an outlet duct for the
container.
US-0564
Fletcher, E. W. Device for breaking
frangible material. U.S. 3,295,770;
filed May 28, 1964; issued Jan. 3, 1967.
'7 3 t-t ./* J3 -*?\
This device is for destroying fluorescent
lighting tubes or other frangible objects.
A hinged lid has several chains attached
to it. The fluorescent tubes are placed on
the slack chains when the lid is opened.
The ends of the chains are attached to a
shaft which is turned by a wheel located on
the outside of the enclosure. The wheel is
turned, tightening the chain around the
tubes and, as pressure is increased,
breaking them into smsll lengths. The
chain is unwound by opening of the lid.
The device can be mounted on a refuse
container for easy disposal of glass pieces.
This invention would iind use in industrial
plants in which the disposal of frangible
material of all shapes and forms creates
problems of maintenance, safety, sanitation,
or storage.
244
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US-0565
Morgenson, D. J. (Shatter King
Manufacturing Company, Inc.), Bottle
breaker. U.S. 3,353,756; filed Oct. 23,
1965; issued Nov. 21, 1967.
17.
This bottle breaker is supported on legs
or may be placed on a pedestal. A bottle
is placed through the top and broken pieces
are ejected out the bottom. An electric
motor powers the breaker mechanism which
consists of a rotating shaft with two arms
attached. The bottle falls through a tube
with an opening through which the rotating
arms pass and is shattered against the inner
walls of the tube or by the arms themselves.
The motor operates at 1725 rpm so that each
bottle is hit at least 60 times a second,
requiring the device to be operated only
a few seconds each time it is needed.
US-0566
Eidal, R. M. (Southwest Factories, Inc.),
Automobile body disposal apparatus.
U.S. 3,356,016; filed Apr. 6, 1966; issued
Dec. 5, 1967.

This automobile body disposal apparatus
converts vehicle bodies into a highly
acceptable and useable form of high quality
scrap. The body is transported to the
body flattening unit by means of a
conveyor. After crushing, it travels to
the slab shearing unit where it is
converted into bars by the shear blade.
The laterally-sheared bars are conveyed
to the rotary chopper unit where they
are converted into slugs and then cleaned
of all non-metallic and foreign material.
The hammermill cleaning and compacting unit
hammers the slugs to remove non-ferrous
trash and compacts and breaks up the slugs
into a desired useable form. A magnetic
separator does the final task of collecting
all ferrous materials and depositing them in
a metal slinger.
I a
SSt
245
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Processing/Reduction
US-0567
Winter, H. W. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing
Company), Spiderless gyratory crusher
with relief valve system. U.S. 3,372,881;
filed Apr. 25, 1966; issued Mar. 12, 1968.
power requirement. The crushing device is
of a relatively small and convenient size.
This hydraulically adjusted spiderless
gyratory crusher has a unique relief valve
system to prevent uncontrolled hydraulic
lifting of the crusher head, and to prevent
damage to the crusher in the event
noncrushable objects are fed into the
crusher,
US-0568
Cain, H. H. Crushing device. U.S.
3,374,730; filed June 13, 1966; issued
Mar. 26, 1968.

This improved can crusher operates on a
reduced power requirement and achieves
crushing without extra container cutting
being required. The crushing chamber has
one wall which employs both axial and inward
movement. The movement is more axial at
the beginning of the stroke and more inward
at the end of the stroke, thus reducing the
•m
US-0569
Ballard, W. D. (W. D. Ballard, and H. V.
Gonzales), Junked metal compressing smasher.
U.S. 3,413,914; filed June 3, 1966;
issued Dec. 3, 1968.

This crusher mill is designed to handle
junked metal, especially scrap automobiles.
The compaction element, a hammer, is
pivotably mounted forward of a base which
is equipped with side walls and an end member.
The hammer is raised by the engine and then
allowed to fall, thereby smashing the
vehicle. The base is provided with slots
so that a fork-lift truck can remove the
compressed bodies. The smashed and
compressed bodies may be hauled to where
larger compaction units are located before
being sent to a steel mill.
61
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246
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US-0570
Ktneco, R. (Papcel) , Pulping apparatus.
U.S. 3,486,702; filed Oct. 25, 1967;
issued Dec. 30, 1969.
This pulping apparatus provides both
intensive and gentle processing of the
fiber stock. The pulper has a rotor
with vanes. The bottom face of each vane
is provided with a recess whose width
decreases and whose depth increases in a
radially outward direction. The tub of
the pulper is provided with deflecting
projections which intensify the mixing
effect. This pulper imparts hydrodynamical
forces to the material for disintegration
of the stock.
Baling
US-0571
Robinson, S. S. (Lilliston Implement
Company), Baling press. U.S. 2,366,426;
filed June 9, 1941; issued Jan. 2, 1945.

An improved baling-press has a better baler
head and baling chamber. In conventional
presses it has been customary to use a
very heavy bottom on the chamber to
withstand friction and wear; this invention
proposes to prevent unnecessary wear on
the bottom. The new baler head is designed
to operate on the compression stroke with the
lower end of the head further advanced than
the upper end. Thus, pressure applied by
the head is directed into hay or other
material so as to force the same up and
forward from the bottom of the baler, not
downward, so wear is reduced. Also, rollers
attached to the baler head prevent wear.
The sturdy press may be manufactured at
reasonable cost and is easily and efficiently
operated.
Jiff
247
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Processing/Reduction
US-0572
Langford, G. W,, A. C. Barrows, and J. V.
Haidler (Economy Baler Company), Bale
ejector for scrap metal baling presses. U.S
2,371,762; filed Apr. 25, 1941; issued
Mar. 20, 1945.

A horizontal baling press for baling sheet
metal scrap is provided with ejector means
for automatically removing the finished
bales. Bales of metal weigh about 250
Ib, and so are difficult to remove manually.
Mechanical ejector means are provided; the
ejector comprised of a structure on which
the bales are formed. A cam actuated by
a compressing platen acts upon the ejector.
The bale ejector described may be used with
any baling press where the bale is formed
on the ejector.
US-0573
Tessier, J. D. Baling machine. U.S.
2,375,876; filed April 29, 1943;
issued May 15, 1945.
A baler utilizes a mechanism which exerts
great pressure on the material to be baled;
248
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also a means to effect the continuous
discharge of bales is included. The baling
machine has a pair of fixed racks on
opposite sides of the machine which
cooperate with spur gears rotated by a
worm wheel. Spur gears mesh with movable
racks to travel the pressure members
during the baling operation.
US-0574
Branson, J. E. (Jerome D. Shanman),
Baling press. U.S. 2,420,413; filed
July 24, 1945; issued May 13, 1947.
A baling press is especially adapted to
bale compressible material into compact
units for shipment. A novel hale box
is held within a rectangular frame having
four corner posts; a plunger device is
mounted for reciprocating movement on a
plunger rod with a pulley mechanism. The
plunger compresses that material held in the
bale box below.
US-0575
Schley, G. C. Baling press. U.S.
2,421,465; filed Oct. 12, 1944; issued
June 3, 1947.
A self-contained baling press it used with
paper, rags, leather, and rubber. It has
all the advantages of the more expensive
standard type, yet is a durable and more
economically-constructed press. The press
is comprised of a box with a filling opening;
inside the box a platen (or pressing
device) is mounted for compacting purposes.
Doors on the side of the box, normally closed
during baling operations, are unlocked
afterwards and the finished bale is ejected.
Just prior to this ejection, the compressed
bale is bound by cord or wire.
US-0576
Harrer, P. H. (Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing
Company), Baling machine. U.S. 2,424,821;
filed Feb. 28, 1944; issued July 29, 1947.
249
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Processing/Reduction
Material delivered to this baler is formed
into a cylindrical bale of predetermined size,
is automatically bound by twine while in
the machine, and ultimately discharged. An
improved conveyor drive and control
mechanism are correlated to perform all
phases of the baling cycle in a timed
sequence. The cycle time is thus reduced
to a minimum so more bales can be formed
and bound. The conveyor automatically
stops when the bale attains its desired
size for binding; it also returns the
bale-forming means to its initial bale
starting position after the finished
bale is discharged.
US-0577
Hill, G. B. (Deere Manufacturing Company),
Baling press. U.S. 2,464,684; filed Feb. 12,
1945; issued Mar. 15, 1949.
A pick-up baling press picks up a windrowed
crop, feeds the crop material into the
press, automatically ties each bale at a
certain size, and discharges the tied
bales. Advantages include the need for
only one operator to drive and steer a
tractor, minimum handling in collecting and
conveying crops to baling chamber, and a
short and direct means to effect these
operations. A pick-up device ahead of
the bale case delivers crops directly into
the baling chamber, involving only a single
conveyor without need for a cross-conveyor.
forming high density bales from a continuous
bat of fibrous material. On this device,
the mechanical application of positive
pressure or force controls the density of
the bale. A round or elliptically-shaped
bale is produced which is more advantageous
for shipping, storage, or removal. A
mechanical feed applies pressure to the
bat of material; levers and cams apply
constant pressure to the bale being formed,
along with gears, spindles, and levers.
Pressure rollers are also provided which
are retracted in accordance with a
predetermined rate of movement, depending
on the bat thickness beting fed to the
press. The bat of material on a rotating
core works in conjunction with the pressure
rollers which roll on the surface of the bale
being formed to compress the bat being
wound.
US-0579
Thompson, R. S. Wastebasket baler.
U.S. 2,485,419; filed Feb. 22, 1945;
issued Oct. 18, 1949.
US-0578
Taylor, S. Y. (S. Y. Taylor, F. J.
Herbelin, and W. F. Kaale), Bale press.
U.S. 2,465,496; filed Mar. 6, 1943;
issued Mar. 29, 1949.

A bale press of this type is designed to
accommodate cotton or other fibrous
material and is especially adapted for
A baler is especially useful in homes or
offices for the temporary storage and final
baling of newspaper or similar flat material.
There are means within each rectangular
container to engage twine or string
members; the end of the string is interlocked
with a projecting anchor lug which also
serves as a cutting device. Newspapers
or the like are received into the receptacle.
When the container is full and ready for the
250
-------
final baling operation, the string may be
readily tied for convenient handling purposes.
US-0580
Quinn, 0. T. (Apex Steel Corporation,
Ltd.), Baling press. U.S. 2,503,354;
filed Dec. 31, 1946; issued Apr. 11, 1950.
45
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Waste paper, rags, metal and scrap wastes
are some of the materials which can be
processed through this hydraulic baling
press. A device opens and closes a baler
charging box to permit the box to be readily
filled and the finished bales to be quickly
removed. There is also a movable platen
rather than the traditional stationary
platen, incorporated into the design to
permit top-loading. An improved door and
door-locking mechanism is connected with
the hydraulic system which operates the
main pressure-applying platen. Thus, the
door-locking pressure is correlated to the
maximum pressure being employed in compressing
material in the press. A simplified control
system maintains all operations: the ram
(piston and cylinder), the door-locking
means, and the head- or platen-moving means.
US-0581
Hill, G. B. (Deere Manufacturing Company),
Baling press. U.S. 2,622,508; filed
Dec. 20, 1946; issued Dec. 23, 1952.
An automatic wire-tying baling press
includes a pair of slotted twister gears
to receive wire to be tied, and a single
drive gear meshing with the twister gears
to securely twist the wires around the bale.
Drive and twister gears are arranged whereby
the spacing between the two bale wires is
maintained to ensure tight binding around
the bales.
US0582
Russell, S. D. (J. I. Case Company),
Bale compressing means. U.S. 2,791,172;
filed Oct. 16, 1952; issued May 7, 1957.
•JT
251
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Processing/Reduction
This device compresses a bale in a baling
chamber so as to offer resistance to the
free movement of the bale through the chamber.
Such resistance is effected by means which
compress the bale in two directions in
intersecting planes in response to an
adjustment in one direction. A chamber
receives fibrous material which is
compressed and forced backward between
upper and lower plates; the previously
compressed material is fractionally resisted
so that this material forms an abutment
against which material is compressed by
the plunger.
US-0583
Swint, A. G., and M. R. Tyson (Harris
Press and Shear Corporation), Press for
compacting bulky masses. U.S. 3,356,018;
filed Oct. 23, 1965; issued Dec. 5, 1967.
This compact and transportable baling press
is particularly useful for compressing
irregular scrap shapes, such as junked
automobiles, at a scrap site, for subsequent
economical transportation to scrap finishing
centers. By the cooperation of the frame,
which is composed of bottom, side, and end
walls, and a pair of hydraulic ram-actuated
lid covers secured to the opposite side of
the frame by a double-pivoted linkage, a
single operator may condense the scrap. This
is accomplished by the rapid alternate or
combined manipulation of the lids. A scrap
automobile may be compressed into a
flattened, box-like shape for convenient
stacking and transportation. In the final
compacting operation of the press, the
pivoted linkage system permits the lids to
adjust themselves to be lowered one above
the other so that the upper lid assists
the lower lid in applying final compacting
forces to the scrap mass.
US4584
Smedlund, E. G. Compacting device for
refuse containers. U.S. 3,413,913; filed
Apr. 20, 1967; issued Dec. 3, 1968.

A device for compacting refuse in sacks
features a compacting ram working in the
container in such a manner as to avoid
damage to the container during compression
of the refuse. The sack is suspended under
the chute in a carriage1 provided with four
wheels. These wheels are arranged to run
along rails leading to the main frame of
the device. To the left of the carriage
is located a magazine containing folded

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sacks suspended in carriages, and the
carriages are retained in the filling
position by a retainer arm which releases
when the filled sack is to be moved.
When the sack is filled, a beam of light
directed toward a photo cell is broken
and causes the starting of the electric
motor. The compactor carriage is
reciprocated by a conne^table flight to a
motor-driven endless chain extending
around two sprockets, one of which is coupled
to a motor. The drive motor is so hinged
that when a certain tension is created in
the driving chain the motor will be
pivoted, whereby the operation of the
motor may be stopped.
US-0585
Boyd, J. A., and D. E. Boyd (Boyd Package
Trash Systems, Inc.), Trash handling and
baling system. U.S. 3,'i24,078; filed
Jan. 18, 1967; issued Jan. 28, 1969.

A trash handling and baling system is
particularly adapted for the disposal of
trash from multistory buildings such as
apartment houses and office buildings where
an elongated trash chute is utilized. The
trash chute is coupled to a trash directing
device having a sloped base. The sloped
base directs the trash out of the trash
directing device and into a baling system
having a vertically movable compacting ram
which compresses the trash into a bale.
First and second time-delayed photocell
control means are provided in the trash
directing device and are operated when
the light beams are broken by the presence
of trash. The first control means
operates the compacting ram and blocks
252
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off communication between the trash
directing device and the baling system while
the second control blocks off communication
between the trash chute and the trash
directing device and signals when the bale
has reached proper size.
US-0586
Raab, H. A. (East Chicago Machine Tool
Corporation), Apparatus and method for
compacting material. U.S. 3,438,320;
filed July 11, 1966; issued Apr. 15, 1969.

The apparatus compresses various materials,
particularly fibrous materials such as
pulp, and compacts them into a mass and/or
into a bale. A pair of reciprocal rams
coact to compact and move material in an
elongated chamber to a position opposite
an opening intermediate the length of the
chamber. A third ram is utilized for
ejecting all of the compacted material
transversely through the outlet. A fourth
ram is disposed adjacent to the outlet
for recompacting the material into a mass
of greater density.
US-0587
Gladwin, F. R. Trash compressor. U.S.
3,438,321; filed Dec. 8, 1967; issued
Apr. 15, 1969.
A small, lightweight, compacting apparatus
is disclosed for trash compression in
restaurants and cafeterias, dwelling
homes, and small apartments, where the
253
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Processing/Reduction
quantity of trash is relatively small.
Small size and relatively lightweight bales
of trash are formed within disposable
bags so as to be easily handled manually
for removal by conventional garbage
trucks. The compressor consists of a
cabinet with a horizontally arranged cover.
3/
A disposable bag is closely fitted within
the receptacle with its upper edge folded
over the three walls. A downwardly
movable ram, located above the receptacle,
compacts the trash contained within the
bag. The ram is horizontally movable to also
compact trash contained within a second
receptacle and bag positioned within the
cabinet, alongside the first receptacle.
US-0588
Marasco, J. A. Refuse press. U.S.
3,438,322; filed Feb. 8, 1967; issued
Apr. 15, 1969.
A simple device compresses leaves, grass,
loose paper, or other refuse in a container
so that both the refuse and the container
can be disposed of. In the press device,
the disposable container is held inside of
a permanent container by a hoop clamp
which clamps the top edge of the disposable
container to the permanent container. The
containers are filled with loose refuse.
A compressor structure including a plunger
and piston is then moved downward in the
containers to compress the refuse. The
compressor structure may further include
a lever pivotally connected to a frame,
with the plunger and piston being attached
to the lever. The permanent container
may have a funnel-like extension at the
top, the bottom of tte extension being clamped
to the permanent container by the same
hoop which clamps the disposable container.
A second hoop may be provided to brace the
top end of the extension, and the two hoops
may have a common fastener for tightening
them.
US-0589
Tezuka, K. (Tezuka Kosan K.K.), Method of
refuse disposal. U.S. 3,451,185; filed
Aug. 3, 1966; issued June 24, 1969.
21
This method relates particularly to the
disposal of garbage, trash, and other
254
-------
wastes from kitchens, food-processing
factories, and food stores. The batches
of refuse are solidified, reducing their
volume and increasing their apparent
specific gravity, so as to form substantially
solid refuse blocks of predetermined
shape. A cover is applied to the blocks
in the form of a reticular material, such
as a sheetlike plastic material. The
cover may be applied by spraying on a
plastic material. Varying amounts of
compressive forces may be applied depending
on the use to which the compacted blocks
are to be put. Before or during the
solidifying step, chemical substances may
be added or gases may be administered
to prevent subsequent fermentation,
decomposition, and fungus growth. The
refuse is preferably dehydrated while
solidifying or compacting so as to reduce
the weight of the blocks and prevent
bacteria growth. The equipment may
consist of a compression chamber in which
compaction is performed by the application
of forces of at least 70 and 150 kgs per sq
cm. The blocks may be used for the
reclamation of sea embankments or underwater
areas, for reclamation of land, or may be
incinerated.
US-0590
Walker, R. E., and D. L. Walker (Tamaker
Corporation), Rubbish baling apparatus.
U.S. 3,469,530; filed Feb. 7, 1968; issued
Sept. 30, 1969.
•3 .,21,20 37
26
A rubbish baling apparatus is provided
for compressing trash such as cardboard
cartons and the like into cubical type
bales. The structure includes first and
second hydraulically controlled lifting
cylinders for moving a platform receiving
the trash against a stationary top wall in
an enclosure and compressing it into the
desired bale. Trash is fed into the
enclosure through an hydraulically operated
front door which swings outward and
downward for receiving the trash, and the
bale itself is ejected from an upper rear
door. The ejection of the bale is
accomplished by employing hydraulic power
utilized to operate the front door to in
turn swing an ejecting bar mounted in the
front wall of the enclosure so that
economy is realized in the number of
components for the apparatus. "' In addition,
split-flow control members are employed
for supplying hydraulic fluid to and from
the lifting cylinders so that equal
pressures are always assured to prevent
canting or jamming of the structure.
US-0591
Price, H., B. Szilagyi, and M. Quinto
(International Patent and Development
Corporation), Garbage compactor.
U.S. 3,481,268; filed Aug. 30, 1968;
issued Dec. 2, 1969.
Refuse is stored in a chute to a
predetermined level and then processed by
compacting the refuse into convenient bales
or cakes. Compacting is performed through
the action of a hydraulic cylinder and piston
which rams the refuse into a cylindrical-
shaped space. A sensing device, detecting
the volume of refuse being stored, transmits
a signal initiating the action of a hydraulic
cylinder. After the refuse has been
compacted into a bale, it is ejected into
a refuse container for removal and
discarding. Limit switches control the
sequencing of hydraulic cylinders and
pistons throughout the processing cycle.
255
-------
Processing/Reduction
The disposable bag or container, into which
the compacted bales are ejected, forms the
lining of a refuse can mounted on a
turntable type of conveyor. The conveyor
io sequenced periodically beneath the
ejecting mechanism for the purpose of
receiving a bale after it has been formed.
US-0592
Schaff1er, G. (Keller and Knappich G.m.b.H.),
Scrap baling press truck. U.S. 3,486,440;
filed May 29, 1968; issued Dec. 30, 1969.
This press truck bales large pieces of
scrap material, such as automobiles. Two
press plates are mounted on shafts,
arranged in parallel to the axles of the
truck. The plates crush material placed
in a pressing trough. Folding work
ilatforms are arranged on both sides of
the pressing trough. This truck has the
dimension and weight of a conventional
truck with a loading crane positioned
behind the cab of the truck.
screw. The fed material is received
between the flanges of tlie main screw and
the small-radius end of the roller. It is
forced along the main screw by the opposite
rotation of the roller, and is gradually
compressed as it approaches the large-radius
end of the roller. The material then passes
on into the advanced regions of the screw
which may be reduced in pitch to provide
further compacting. The compactor thus
supplies a continuous, positive feed,
Recirculation of material through the press
prevents breakage within the system due
to pressures attaining high values.
Compaction
US-0593
Napier, M. A. Screw conveyor press.
U.S. 2,709,956; filed Oct. 18, 1949;
issued June 7, 1955.

This screw conveyor press provides an
effective means of continuous charging and
also of pre-compacting material. Material
is forced along the screw housing and does
not merely rotate. This is accomplished by
a roller of helical-spiral form rotating
on an axis parallel to that of the main
US-0594
Findlay, G. A. (Logemann Brothers Company),
Apparatus for crushing and processing scrap
metal and similar scrap materials.
U.S. 3,283,697; filed Jan. 6, 1965; issued
Nov. 8, 1966.

An apparatus for compressing scrap
metal comprises a squeeze box which has
a base platform. Theie is a stationary
platen which forms one side of the squeeze
box and a movable platen forming the
other side of the squeeze box. This platen
is movable between a distant position, in
respect to the stationary platen and a
close position in respect to it. Therefore,
uncrushed scrap material can be positioned
on the base platform when the movable platen
is in the distant position and then crushed
upon movement of the movable platen toward
256
-------
the close position. There are motor and guide
mechanisms provided to move the movable platen
in a path with a component of movement toward
the stationary platen and another component of
movement toward one end of the squeeze
box to thereby impart a compressive as well
squeeze box when the movable platen has
been moved to the close position.
as a twisting force on the uncrushed
scrap material. This causes any column-like
pieces of the scrap material to be generally
aligned axially between the ends of the
US-0595
Hopkins, S. Waste collection and compacting
unit. U.S. 3,353,478; filed Feb. 24, 1966;
issued Nov. 21, 1967.

A waste collecting and compacting unit is for
use in a kitchen. It is comprised of a
cabinet structure with a large hinged door
for waste removal and two smaller doors
located on it for waste receiving. When
in operation all doors are closed and the
electric compaction unit is connected to
an electrical outlet. Waste material is
introduced into the unit by opening the
double door and sliding material into a
receptacle within, with a start button
pressed to start the compactor. A
compressing block is lowered into the
receptacle and the material compressed. A
compression switch automatically shuts the
machine off when the maximum degree of
compaction is reached. The doors have
electrical interlocks with the compression unit
for protection of children.
US4596
Howard, B. G. (B. G. Howard, and C. R.
Ashworth), Waste compressor. U.S.
3,358,590; filed Aug. 18, 1966; issued
Dec. 19, 1967.

Restaurants, hotels, and other places having
large quantities of garbage and compressible
waste find use for this invention. The
combination waste compressor and receptacle
is contained in a rectangular cabinet.
Waste is deposited in the compression
chamber through a door in the top of the
cabinet. The unit is turned on by an
electrical switch which actuates a
horizontal hydraulic cylinder. This
257
-------
Processing/Reduction
causes the vertical pusher blade to move
forward. Compression of the waste material
is effected against the forward chamber wall.
A trap door beneath the compression chamber
opens automatically and the compacted waste
falls below into a container. After the
waste is dropped into the receptacle, the
unit is shut off automatically.
US-0597
Clar, M. (Disposal Systems Development
Corporation), Compaction apparatus.
U.S. 3,368,478; filed Sept. 9, 1965;
issued Feb. 18, 1968.

This stationary compactor is used in the
refuse disposal industry to reduce the
bulk of refuse. The packer has a
compaction chamber with a hopper
superstructure and a simple box-like
compaction blade. The blade moves
along the floor of the chamber, on front
support rollers and elevated rear rollers,
upon tracks behind the chamber. The
blade compacts the material through a
side opening in the chamber and into
an adjacent container, such as the body
of the vehicle. The blade is driven by
a hydraulic ram having an integral pair
of cylinders arranged one above the other,
with piston rods extending in opposite
directions. Hydraulic fluid is supplied
to the cylinders from e. system including
multiple pumps with automatic controls
for producing rapid movement of the blade
with low hydraulic pressure and slower
movement of the blade with high hydraulic
pressure. The blade cycles automatically
and may also be jogged under manual control.
US-0598
Schott, C. C. Process for compressing
together pairs of whole: scrap vehicles.
U.S. 3,392,666; filed Sept. 25, 1967;
issued July 16, 1968.
r^-^ggip* >7
>- —"-if
This process reclaims the ferrous metals
from scrapped automobile bodies. A pair
of scrap vehicles are stood on end with
their bottom surfaces together, and
pressed. Two cooperating, pivoted
squeezing members compact the vehicles into
a generally cylindrical charge unit which
has horizontal corrugations in the top
surface of the bodies. The squeezed units
are lifted and deposited on end in the upper
region of a stack melting furnace.
258
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US 0599
Pioch, R. J. Loading and compacting
apparatus particularly for refuse.
U.S. 3,403,620; filed June 20, 1966;
issued Oct. 1, 1968.
Trash is compacted and containerized to
facilitate hauling and disposal. The
compactor is designed to handle miscellaneous
trash and push it into a reinforced container
and compact it there. A rectangular ram
is used, whose height is substantially less
than that of the opening through which the
material is pushed. The loading chamber of
the compactor, into which material is dropped
in front of the ram, is about the same
width as the ram, A rigid header bar extends
across the front upper corner of the casing,
and, in use, the ram travels from a
retracted position withdrawn from the
chamber, into a position projecting into
the container. A substantial vertical
clearance is left between the tip of the
ram and the header bar. The ram, when
fully projected, extends into the container
a distance which is at least 50 percent
greater than this vertical clearance.
The vertical clearance is provided to
permit heavy or rigid materials to pass
under the header bar without being crushed.
The degree of projection of the ram into
the container is sufficient to carry long
materials into the container. Long items are
then also tipped toward a hori^ontal position
which permits them to fall to the bottom of
the chamber when the ram is retracted.
US-0600
Braff, J. A., and R. L. Fox (Allied Steel
and Tractor Products, Inc.), Vibratory
compactor. U.S. 3,427,939; filed Sept. 13,
1965; issued Feb. 18, 1969.

A compactor is designed for tractor
operation and is particularly adapted for
compacting soil in confined areas such as
trenches and on relatively steep
embankments. The compaction unit is
unsprung and comprises a bottom plate
carrying a motor for rotating eccentric
weights about a horizontal axis, a frame
for the motor, and a housing. Inwardly
convergent stiff springs are connected to
the housing so that the axes of the springs
intersect the horizontal plane of the center
of gravity equidistantly about a vertical
axis through the center of gravity of the
compaction unit. The convergent springs
are connected to a top plate by which
constant pressure, perpendicular to the
bottom plate, is applied to the compaction
unit by the dip-stick, which also steers the
unit in directions perpendicular to the
direction of pressure. The compactor has
improved maneuverability which enables
it to be accurately controlled in response
to the movement of a tractor-mounted
boom. It is also designed to avoid any
tendency to move in a jerky, non-uniform
fashion over the ground and to avoid
excessive back-and-forth, pendulum-like
movement when it is lifted up from the
ground and swung to a new position.
US 0601
Napolitano, G. C. (Western Research
and Scientific Laboratories, Inc.),
Compacting machine. U.S. 3,427,960;
filed Apr. 21, 1966; issued Feb. 18,
1969.

. A machine for compacting friable material
into cylindrical blocks, e.g. to form fire
259
-------
Processing/Reduction
logs from sawdust and binder, consists of
a drum having at least three compression
chambers. Each chamber is open at both
ends and has an inlet opening toward
the outside of the drum. A housing encloses
the chambers and mutually isolates them.
The housing has an inlet passage with which
and upward out of the container to compress
the scrap into a scrap body of given density.
^_r'U
4S II 1 ' v tl

^^z-^.^— ---zC_ ^,^ —- M' — "— ——vrr B————J
the several chambers are successively
brought into registry as the drum is
rotated stepwise. The drum is rotated
in steps to bring each chamber in succession
to a feed position, a compression position,
and a discharge position. A slide is
reciprocated following each stepwise
rotation, being movable only when the drum is
stationary. When only one slide is
used, the end of the chamber from the ram
is closed at the compression position by a
plate against which the friable
material is compressed.
US-0602
Ozeki, S., K. Kimura, and S. Shimasaki
(NipponUCokan K.K.), Apparatus for
pressing scrap. U.S. 3,444,806; filed
July 6, 1967; issued May 20, 1969.

Scrap is compressed to form a body of
scrap having a predetermined density suitable
for subsequent operations on the body of
scrap. The apparatus has a lower base
means over which is situated a container
which has an open top and in which is located
the scrap which is to be compressed. An
upper frame is located over the base while
a mounting holds the upper frame over the
lower base at a given elevation. A number
of ram devices are carried by the upper
frame and a number of tamping devices are
respectively carried by the rams to be
reciprocated by the latter downward into
US-0603
Kostolich, M. S. Compacting machine.
3,447,449; filed Dec. 7, 1967; issued
June 3, 1969.
U.S.
A machine is described for compacting solid
wastes such as garbag.e, industrial and
agricultural refuse, certain types of
demolition and construction debris, and
various types of rubbish for use in
conjunction with a sanitary landfill method
of solid waste disposal. A locomotive may
provide the work force. A ram coupled to
the forward end of the locomotive reciprocates
within a compaction chamber communicating
with a feed hopper. The discharge end of
the compaction chamber may be tapered and
provided with a door. The compacted
waste is extruded from the compaction
chamber onto a lift table or the like.
A similar ram may be coupled to the rear end
of the locomotive, reciprocating within a
similar compactidn chamber, and associated
parts duplicating the compacting machine
at the forward end of the locomotive.
As an alternative construction, the tapered
end of the compaction chamber with end
260
-------
door may be replaced by a reinforced
rectangular box with bottom dropping doors.
This machine is designed to handle
thousands of tons of solid waste in a day.
US-0604
Jernstrom, K. W. Compactor. U.S. 3,460,463;
filed June 14, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969.
and the front end. The device is serviceable
by removal of the entire drawer from a
framework support.
This trash compactor is adapted for use
as a kitchen appliance for compacting
garbage and trash including cans and
bottles. A reciprocating piston is
mounted in a drawer and the compacting
force is between the piston and the front
end of the drawer. The trash is filled
by a simple opening of the drawer to place
the trash to be compacted between the piston
-10
US-0605
Charles, R. E. Refuse compaction handling
equipment. U.S. 3,478,909; filed Dec. 9,
1966; issued Nov. 18, 1969.

Refuse compaction handling equipment is used
to compact refuse where it is first
received, as it is prepared to be hauled
away, as it is loaded to be hauled away,
and/or as it is prepared for final
disposal. The equipment utilizes variable
fluid pressure expanding and contracting
compaction assemblies which primarily
are operated with compressed air and which
261
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Processing/Reduction
are removably or permanently related to a
refuse-handling volume-defining container
and/or containers which may be associated
with transportation equipment. These
expanding and contraction assemblies
include a reference structure adapted to
be maintained in a substantially fixed
collected and handled in 1 cu yd containers
was increased from 130 to 305 Ib per
container.
location, a movable fluid tight structure
to be variably positioned at least in
part, to and from the reference structure,
and fluid pressure generating and regulating
apparatus interrelated to both the
reference structure and the movable fluid
tight structure to expand and to contract
the volume defined by them. Essentially
dry waste will be most effectively handled.
Office papers and packaging materials
Cutting and Shredding
US-0606
Letz, W. H. (The Letz Manufacturing Company),
Feed cutter. U.S. 2,985,211; filed Feb. 2,
1960; issued May 23, 1961.

An auger-type feed cutter employs a
grinding device. Cutter blades are
arranged spirally around the periphery
of the rotating auger cutter; as the
cutter rotates, feed is carried along the
helix (or spiral) to a grinding device
which is in the form of rough-faced grinding
discs. This improved device obviates
problems previously encountered with
grinding freshly picked corn (''snap
corn''), especially the moist variety.
The cutter has been re-designed, with new
rounded stripper rods added to the edges of
the blades. These stripper rods eliminate
the build-up of corn husks, so cutting
efficiency is maintained longer and less
cleaning is required.
262
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US 0607
Young, R. R. (Kaiser Industries Corporation),
Scrap shredding and separating device.
U.S. 3,335,968; filed Feb. 5, 1965; issued
Aug. 15, 1967.

A scrap shredder comprises a supporting
structure having assembled on it a mill
suitable for shredding scrap and provided with
a prime mover. There is an inlet and an
outlet for the shredded scrap. A scrap
gripping and feeding mechanism is associated
with the inlet and driven by a variable
speed motor. The speed of the mill is measured
by a device provided. The speed of the feed
mechanism motor can be varied responsive to
the speed of the mill. The shredded scrap
can be removed from the mill outlet by
the device provided. The shredded scrap
is separated by a magnetic device, into a
magnetic fraction and a nonmagnetic fraction.
The nonmagnetic fraction, in turn, is
separated into a more dense fraction and
a less dense fraction.
US-0608
Wuthrich, F. (Von Roll A.G.), Apparatus for
the size reduction of refuse. U.S. 3,346,202;
filed Nov. 15, 1965; issued Oct. 10, 1967.
66
This apparatus is for reducing refuse and
is comprised of the following: two
cooperating frame members, one pivotally
mounted, for effecting the comminution of

263
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Processing/Reduction
refuse inserted between the members; shearing
means are also provided by the frame
members in an offset, comb-like
f 7 .
inter-engagement. The drive means for the
pivotal frame member comprises a double-acting
hydraulic cylinder and piston arrangement.
The apparatus is economical to manufacture,
reliable in operation, requires little
maintenance, and is strong in construction.
US-0609
Zimmermann, W. (Alpine A.G.), Cutting mill.
U.S. 3,353,755; filed Apr. 20, 1964; issued
Nov. 21, 1967.

A cutting mill is particularly suited for
cutting up plastic materials. On this mill
construction, a charge is introduced to the
face of the rotor. Material to be cut is
poured into a channel from a feeding chute
through a protective curtain and falls into
the area of a rotor. The rotor, provided
with knives, is off center in a far larger
cutting chamber. A space is scanned by
the rotor and the cutting chamber which
intersect at locations of two spaced
stator knives. A gap is formed as well
as a unilateral recess. This recess
permits sufficiently reduced material to
escape into and be discharged through an
exit chute. Pieces of the charge either
fall directly into the part of the cutting
chamber not scanned by the rotor or first
onta the rotor which tosses them off
course. In both cases, the pieces are
driven through and in front of the gap,
pulled in by rotor knives and reduced before
the upper stator knife:. The mill is useful
for cutting up scrap plastic materials
for particular purposes or for remelting
or reuse.
US-0610
Joa, C. G.
filed Nov.
Waste disposer. U.S. 3,363,847;
12, 1964; issued Jan. 16, 1968.
0
A?

/<£>'

/
-------
waste is deposited in the flotation chamber
where sinkable material is separated from
the floatable material. Periodically,
the sinkable material is removed from the
chamber while the floating debris passes
to a conveyor. The conveyor transports
the waste to a picker drum which coacts
to shred the paper. The shredded waste
may be flushed down a sewer, or it may be
stored and compacted for subsequent disposal.
US 0611
Rogers, J. H., and J. W. Saxton (The
Standard Engineering Company), Shredder
implement. U.S. 3,369,350; filed Nov. 24,
1964; issued Feb. 20, 1968.
This farm implement can cut-up trash, grass,
cornstalks, or similar material to any
desired degree of fineness. The device is
connected to a farm tractor and has as its
source of power the power take-off of the
tractor. The height of the implement
above the ground can be varied by means
of a hydraulic cylinder. By varying the
side doors, angle, the degree of shredding
is controlled. Baffle plates extending
downward from the top of the cover evenly
distribute the shredded material under
the shredder. The small enclosed areas
between the blades act as a suction cup
and draw the material up into the area of
the cutting blades. The diagonally disposed
doors help in removal of the cut material
from under the unit.
receives the waste, and a pair of
comminuting units block the open bottom
of the disposer so that all of the material
deposited in the hopper must pass through
one of the shredding units. One shredder is
positioned slightly below the other, and
when the cutting cylinders rotate, the waste
material moves toward the combs of both
cylinders. Water jets are mounted at
opposite ends of the comb of the lower unit.
The disposer pulverizes waste only when
the cylinders are rotating in one direction,
and when the direction of rotation is reversed
the water jets wash the residual waste
from the lower cylinder.
US-0612
Topinka, G. F. (FMC Corporation), Waste
disposal unit. U.S. 3,389,864; filed
Dec. 10, 1965; issued June 25, 1968.

This waste disposal unit comminutes
fibrous nonwoven fabric and other waste
materials, and is adapted for use in a
hospital or similar institution. A hopper
US-0613
Blanshine, A. W., C. M. Kline, C. K. Focht,
and R. E. Wallin (Sperry Rand Corporation),
Corn cob shredding rollers. U.S. 3,396,767;
filed July 19, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968.

This apparatus prepares corn cobs for
mixing with cracked corn to form a cattle
food. The grinder comprises a pair of
parallel rollers equipped with toothed
265
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Processing/Reduction
blades. When the blades of the shafts
are rotated in opposite directions, the
corn is shredded between them. Since
the teeth of one roller are larger than
those of the other roller, it serves as
a metering roller so that the smaller
roller tears and shreds the corn cobs.
30
US-0614
Testolin, A. A. Auto body shredder. U.S.
3,426,674; filed July 11, 1966; issued
Feb. 11, 1969.

An auto body shredder for use with a hammer
mill consists of an upper feeder roll
provided with teeth which penetrate the
auto body to feed it toward a shredder
partially compress the auto body. The
shredding roll is located lower than the
feeder roll and is provided with shredding
teeth having replaceable sharp-edged
rectangular blocks at their front faces
composed of hard material. The remainder
of each tooth tapers circumferentially to
the rear a substantial distance along the
roll. The bed is provided with mating
fixed teeth against which the teeth of
the shredder roll work and which are also
provided with hard replaceable blocks on
their working faces. The blocks are
preferably trapezoidal in horizontal cross
section to define a cutting edge and a
throat on the respective sides.
roll. The upper feeder roll is so located
with respect to an underlying bed as to
US-0615
Westfall, J. F., and L. E. Saukko (Safeway
Stores, Inc.), Shredding machine. U.S.
3,467,320; filed Dec. 5, 1966; issued Sept.
16, 1969.

A machine for shredding fiberboard cartons
consists of two shredding rotors placed
side by side. The cartons to be shredded
are fed to one side of the first stage
rotor and this rotor feeds the second
266
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stage rotor. Grid bars cooperate with the
second rotor to break down the corrugations
of the fiberboard. With the corrugations
crushed, bales of high density are produced.
24
US-0616
Persky, N. N. (The Purdy Company, and
Sharonized Steel Company) , Apparatus for
scrap metal reduction. U.S. 3,486,704;
filed Aug. 27, 1965; issued Dec. 30, 1969.
This apparatus shreds scrap naterial into
a size suitable for furnace charging.
Automobiles, washing machines, refrigerators,
etc. are fed into a shredder where the
interaction between movable and fixed
hammers tears the scrap into small pieces.
A backhoe loads the conveyor with scrap
and it can be used for unloading scrap from
adjacent vehicles.
Disposers
US-0617
Petersen, K. Apparatus for treating
garbage and the like waste materials.
U.S. 2,423,994; filed Dec. 27, 1939;
issued July 15, 1947. ^_
Garbage is converted into a substantially
homogeneous, granular, and fibrous mass
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Processing/Reduction
by treating it in rotary grinding drums
containing one or more grinding chambers.
The surrounding chamber walls are constructed
as a grid or coarse screen surrounded by
finer screens (''fine sieves"') having a
mesh to determine the fineness of the ground
material. Coarse matter of waste remnants
is brought out of the grinding chamber
without affecting its operation. This is
accomplished by providing one or more
larger openings than the normal ones on
the coarse screen, which are referred to
as "slipping apertures.'' By means of these
slipping apertures, it is possible to
perform a more thorough discharge of
the waste or remnants than with other
apparatus. It is also possible to operate
a longer period with a continuous supply of
raw material flowing in, with these larger
openings.
US-0618
Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company),
Waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,469,205;
filed Dec. 28, 1945; issued May 3, 1949.
water is supplied to it. This is provided
at a lower cost than previously designed
devices. The motor of the machine is under
the control of water or a reduced
waste-and-water combination, and always
insures a continuous flow of water during
operation. A disposer chamber houses
shredding members which work in conjunction
with impeller blades. Such impeller blades
whirl a garbage-water mixture centrifugally
around the shredding chamber. Straining
grooves at the bottom of the chamber receive
material which is then cischarged through the
sewer line.
US-0619
Green, L. B. Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,428,
420; filed Jan. 29, 1945; issued Oct. 7,
1947.
w\»x\^nVKiSu|K_
rnivH-feMic
A sink garbage disposer has a mechanism to
insure that the machine operates only when
A garbage grinder handles all types of kitchen
wastes in an efficient manner. An improved
268
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inlet provides for the convenient and
safe feeding of material into the hopper.
Automatic water supply means are also assured
for grinding and flushing purposes.
Intermeshing blades form a strainer and
comminuting device to reduce all types of
kitchen wastes to fine particles. The
disposal device utilizes a chamber with two
types of comminuting means, the upper device
comprising a group of centrifugally
moving hammers, the lower section made up
of axially-spaced rotary (or movable) and
stationary blades. Water is supplied to
the device to speed the operation; treated
material forms a liquid sludge which can be
readily delivered by the impeller.
US 0621
Bjorklund, A. Garbage cutting and flushing
device. U.S. 2,468,613; filed Sept. 4, 1944;
issued Apr. '26, 1949.
US-0620
Rundle, G. W. (R. L. Pummer, J. Cullen, and
S. L. Ambrose), Crushing and grinding machine.
U.S. 2,472,725; filed Nov. 26, 1945;
issued June 7, 1949.
This crushing and grinding apparatus is
adapted for attachment to a conventional
kitchen sink and sewer line. It permits
the crushing and grinding of all food
wastes, including bones, by employing
an arrangement of crushing rollers and a
grinding mechanism. Opposing frustoconical
rollers feature a series of projecting teeth
and work in conjunction with a stationary
grinding element, also with teeth. A pair
of star-shaped cooperative crushing rollers
prepare hard materials, such as bones,
to be fed to the grinding elements for
final reduction. Water is delivered
during this operation and aids in the
discharge of the ground material ifito a
pipeline.
Objectives of this disposer device are:
to shred kitchen or other garbage into
relatively fine particles and discharge
the material into a pipeline; and to
provide a water supply for reducing and
flushing purposes. A cutting and conveying
rotor operated by an electric motor receives
garbage fed through a hopper above it. A
spiral cutting blade conveys garbage by
screen action, acting on it by cutting and
shearing blades, as well as knives. The
resulting fine particles are discharged into
the flushing chamber which further reduces
the garbage to a fluid condition for
ejection into the sewer line.
US-O622
Schindler, H. C. (Lockley Machine Company),
Garbage disposal device. U.S. 2,476,630;
filed May 7, 1946; issued July 19, 1949.

A kitchen garbage grinder has a comminuting
chamber and coordinating motor-driven rotor
to effect thorough grinding. The grinding
chamber has numerous shredding elements
mounted in slots on the wall, in a spiral
series, These elements are composed of
spiral shredding ridges, on its inner
surface and spaced shredding blades among the
ridges. In this device, the inlet passage
to the comminuting chamber is controlled
by a movable guard, adapted to automatically
actuate a control switch to the motor.
A water connection is also provided to
supply water for the comminuting operation.
It too is actuated automatically in response
to movement of the guard. Reduced material
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Processing/Reduction
is discharged in the form of sludge to the
sewer pipeline.
the openings. The disposer is simple and
efficient in construction.
US-0623
Coss, G. R. (Eureka Williams Corporation),
Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,477,686; filed
Feb. 8, 1946; issued Aug. 2, 1949.

In this garbage grinder, the reducing
chamber has an inlet which is connected
to the drain outlet of a sink. The
chamber bottom has a shredding ring with
a series of cutting teeth projecting upward.
The base is formed to provide a trough into
which reduced material and water will be
ejected from chamber openings. Rotary means
such as one or more impellers throw material
in the chamber bottom against the teeth and
also project reduced material out through
US-0624
Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company),
Waste disposal apparatus. U.S. 2,482,125;
filed Jan. 12, 1946; Issued Sept. 20, 1949.
A garbage grinder is attached to a sink
drain and allows water to flow through it
'270
-------
when the grinder is not in use. The mixture of
garbage and water is in the form of a ring
after it enters the grinder, due to the
centrifugal force. Shearing surfaces whirl
the ring of garbage and water during use
and cut the mixture into small pieces which
can pass through a drain into a sewage line.
Any solid material remaining in the shredding
chamber when the electrical motor is
stopped will settle onto a flywheel. The
flywheel is adjacent to straining grooves
so that in normal sink drainage, material
will not flow through the shredding chamber
to the drain line. The straining openings
are all counter-sunk to provide a smooth
surface so that material will not be caught
on these openings.
US 0625
Osborn, R. C. (Eureka Williams Corporation),
Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,484,459; filed Feb. 9,
1946; issued Oct. 11, 1949.
A new closure device and motor control is
utilized in this garbage disposer. The
garbage-reducing process is aided by a
supply of water, the reduced waste being
flushed down the sewer pipe afterward.
To control the motor circuit of the grinder,
it has been found convenient to put it into
operation by means of the closure contro].
This invention arranges for the closure
to be selectively positioned in any one
of three positions: (1) to seal the
outlet from the sink; (2) to obstruct the
outlet from the sink, while permitting water
to flow through the outlet of the sink; and
(3) to obstruct the outlet from the sink while
permitting water to flow through the sink
outlet, and at the same time close the
circuit of the motor for driving the
grinder. The cover is cup-shaped
with a horizontally extending disc-like wall
on the top and cylindrical side walls. The
cylindrical portion has fluid flow ducts
to permit only liquids to flow into the
chamber, while obstructing other materials.
US 0626
Knight, L. K. (The Jeffrey Manufacturing
Company), Garbage grinder and feeder,
U.S. 2,505,674; filed Nov. 20, 1945;
issued Apr. 25, 1950.
In a simplified feeder for a garbage grinder,
a star-shaped rotor of rubber or some
flexible material is provided to prevent
damage to the feeder if an obstruction is
encountered. It also wipes the interior
of the feeder free of garbage during operation.
The feeder itself includes a cylindrically-
shaped housing in the central portion, with
both feed and discharge openings. The star
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Processing/Red uc t ion
rotor within the cylindrical portion is
provided with three radial blades. In all
positions, the rotor prevents material
from passing to the discharge opening by
trapping material in one of the rotor
compartments. An operator delivering
garbage through the feed opening may reach
down into the compartment to remove foreign
material, such as silverware, without
harming himself. He will never be able to
extend his arm into the actual grinder due
to the rotor mechanism. Even when the shaft
upon which the rotor is mounted rotates to
deliver garbage to the grinder, the blades
are positioned so as to cover the grinder
opening.
US-0627
Hammell, K. M. (Eureka Williams Corporation),
Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,536,929; filed
Oct. 18, 1945; issued Jan. 2, 1951.
A garbage grinder consists of a chamber with
a bottom wall. A ring extends upward from
the wall and around its periphery, this ring
being provided with slots and teeth. There
is a rotary impeller arranged to sweep
material on the wall against the teeth
for reducing the material and to project
reduced material through the slots. Certain
of these teeth have a tooth portion extending
radially inward. The outer vertical edge
of the impeller is notched to have an
interdigitated relation with the inward
extending tooth portion. The leading side
of the impeller is also provided with teeth,
adjacent to its outer end. These teeth are
arranged normal to the notch.
US-0628
Ewing, C. H. (Westinghouse Electric
Corporation), Waste food grinder.
U.S. 2,555,583; filed June 16, 1949;
issued June 5, 1951.
A mounting assembly for suspending a
waste food grinder from the bottom wall
of a sink insures alignment between the
grinder housing and the adapter ring
that engages the sink. An adapter ring
is comprised of a tubular portion and a
flange; a retaining ring is seated on an
outer groove of the tubular portion.
Attached to both the adapter and retaining
rings is a supporting ring with interlocking
portions to assure alignment. To mount
a grinder in a sink the adapter ring is
seated on the sink drain opening, the
retaining ring slipped over the tubular
portion, and the supporting ring brought
to rest on it. Stud bolts are inserted
on the supporting ring to clamp it to the
sink wall.
US 0629
Coss, G. R., and K. M. Hammell (Eureka
Williams Corporation), Garbage grinder.
U.S. 2,567,992; filed Oct. 29, 1945;
issued Sept. 18, 1951.

A disposer is adapted to the drain output
of a sink. The grinder itself comprises
a cylindrical chamber with cutting and
shredding teeth in a ring around the
bottom; a series of slots are also
272
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located at the bottom which provide
discharge openings for reduced material.
Power-driven rotary hammers or impellers
throw the material against the teeth. A
combine with spirally-spaced ribs in the
reducing operation.
foot-operated motor and closure control is
also provided.
j 32
' '

I
1 if
US 0631
Frank, P. A. (National Rubber Machinery
Company), Waste disposal unit for sinks.
U.S. 2,615,176; filed Apr. 23, 1947;
issued Oct. 28, 1952.
US 0630
Tranbarger, D. 0. Waste material disposal
apparatus. U.S. 2,594,250; filed Feb. 14,
1949; issued Apr. 22, 1952.

Waste from a sink outlet is shredded and
ground in a frustoconical chamber and
pressure flushed into a sewage conduit
for discharge to a sewage system. Means
for improving the flow of the reduced
material to the sewage system are
provided; several stages of comminution are
accomplished instead of single-stage
reduction. A grinding impeller in the
chamber whirls material against the wall,
from which projections extend. The projections

U L
^^ !| f ^
0
,c
-14
A faucet disposal unit is constructed in
the form of a single unitary assembly
including a sink, water faucets and pipes,
and an electrically operated comminuting
273
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Processing/Reduction
apparatus energized to respond to the
opening of a faucet. The entire disposal
unit is factory-assembled, piped, and
wired so as to require only minor adjustment.
operator cannot come In contact with the
moving grinding apparatus.
Comminuting apparatus may be set into
operation either by supplying water from
one or both of two faucets, or in response
to the opening of a third separate faucet.
A flow-responsive device determines the
rate of the water flow needed to start or
stop the device. The disposer is composed
of a comminuting chamber into which material
is deposited; an impeller throws the
material into rotation. Water flushes
the reduced material into a sewer pipe.
US-0632
Powers, J. H. (General Electric Company),
Waste disposal apparatus with time delay
switch. U.S. 2,615,636; filed May 19,
1949; issued Oct. 28, 1952.

An apparatus attaches to a drain which
would receive a mixture of garbage and
water to reduce or comminute the solids
into a flowable mixture suitable for
discharge into the pipeline. It is
important to use a generous flow of
water to facilitate reduction and
prevent clogging. A. feature of the
invention includes a control system for
a waste disposal device of this type which
is particularly suitable for use in
commercial installations. The apparatus
is positioned on a counter with a large
waste-receiving receptacle or flush bowl
to accommodate an increased volume of
waste. It is a safe device since the
US-0633
Lamb, W. (National Rubber Machinery
Company), Garbage grinder. U.S. 2,643,066;
filed June 25, 1948; issued June 23, 1953.

An improved waste disposer mechanism
minimizes the possibility of waste
received Interfering with the starting
of the comminuting means. Improved rotor
construction is provided with waste
reducing elements which automatically
retract when stopped and move to an
operative position when started. The
274
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disposer prevents the accumulation of
shreds of waste material between the
rotor and the housing which could Jam
the mechanism. A flow-responsive switch
away particles of waste material reduced
in the chamber into the sewer line. After
the disposer has processed and flushed
away the waste material, the water is
•10
mechanism prevents the motor from
operating when the water flow is less
than a predetermined amount.
Jordan, H. (Given Machinery Company),
Waste disposal device. U.S. 2,664,247;
filed Dec. 20, 1947; issued Dec. 29, 1953.

This garbage disposer provides comminution
means which are set in motion by the flow
of water through the device, and arrested
when the fluid ceases. This is accomplished
by the use of a pressure-operated bellow
device, isolated and insulated from the
grinding chamber. A hopper or grinding chamber
with rotary comminuting means within it
receives material; water flows in to aid
the comminution operation, then flushes
stopped, thus reducing the air pressure in
the bellows chamber. The reduction of this
force causes a spring to extend the bellows,
open the switch, and stop the motor from
operating.
US-0635
Hyde, R. W. (American Radiator and
Standard Sanitary Corporation), Drain
trough for garbage disposer unit. U.S.
2,981,488; filed Sept. 4, 1959; issued
Apr. 25, 1961.

A drain trough is constructed in
coordination with a garbage disposer which
permits neither waste nor fluids to
collect or stand. The drain is one in which
275
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Processing/Reduction
the rotation of the cutter is used to
induce a flow of water toward the drain
pipe, causing the trough to remain free
and clean of waste. The disposer itself
comprises a body casing, an electric
motor mounted below, and a comminuting
chamber. A shaft for the motor projects
through the center of the body casing and
drives a cutter which forms the floor
of the comminuting chamber. The subject
drain trough is aligned with the sink
drain pipe; flush water used to operate
the disposer passes through the trough on
the way to the pipe. This new trough
construction does not allow bits of waste
or some fluids to stand and thus alleviates
all accompanying odors.
is then carried into the side opening against
a baffle which is disposed to prevent a
complete cycle of movement of the water
and scraps. This results in a deflection
of the material into the opening while the
silverware is retained in the bowl.
iz
e o-
US-0636
Sherman, G. 0. (The Salvajor Company),
Silverware salvage assembly for garbage
grinders. U.S. 3,033,368; filed Apr. 11,
1960; issued May 8, 1962.

This silverware salvage assembly for
garbage grinders provides a structure
capable of retaining the tableware, while
flushing the scraps and water through
a side opening in an upright tube contained
within a scrap-receiving bowl. In operation,
a hemispherical, hollow bowl is flushed by
use of water that is caused to swirl in the
bowl around the upright tube. The water
US-0637
Jordan, H. (Waste King Corporation),
Garbage disposal device. U.S. 3,076,611;
filed Sept. 12, 1960; issued Feb. 5, 1963.

Rotary table structures in garbage disposers
have impeller means which work with
stationary grind rings within disposer
housings. The improved impeller has grinding
flippers used to impel waste against a
surrounding grind ring in a more efficient
276
-------
manner. An improved downfeed device has
been provided to deliver the waste to the
grinding flippers and ring. The grind ring
has been improved with teeth or grind lugs
of a special design. The improved grind
ring and impeller design, including the
,72
vertical positioning of their grinding
surfaces, contributes to longer life and
improved disposer efficiency. Components
are arranged in such & manner as to permit
grinding about three times faster than other
"models. The power requirement of the new
disposer is significantly reduced.
US-0638
Craig, S. N., W. H. Combs, F. E. Hilbert,
H. L. Kemper, and A. B. Tahar (Somat
Corporation), Waste disposal unit.
U.S. 3,319,897; filed Sept. 8, 1964;
issued May 16, 1967.

A waste disposal unit comprises an annular
wall and a bottom. The bottom forms a
tank for receiving waste material and
water. There is a disk impeller in the
tank spaced circumferentially from the
wall. There are material disintegrating
cutters on the upper surface of the
impeller. A sieve in the form of a tubular
apparatus has through apertures supported
in the tank and encircling the impeller.
There is an ear attached at the periphery
of the impeller and spaced from the sieve
with a vertical dimension sufficient to
span the apertures of the sieve. Material
to be disintegrated and disposed of is
inserted in the feed tray and allowed to
fall into the cylindrical tank and
encounter the impeller. A baffle in the
tank has a surface which is directed opposite
to the direction of rotation of the impeller
so that material thrown outward radially by
centrifugal force will be directed inward
toward the impeller. ?resh water is
allowed to enter the unit. The material is
disintegrated by encountering the impeller
to form a slurry which consists of the
liquid with small solids somewhat in
suspension. No pump is necessary in this
unit as the slurry flows into the extractor
by gravity alone. Water returns to the
grinding tank by straight gravity.
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Processing/Reduction
US 0639
Shepherd, T. C. R. Waste disposal
installations. U.S. 3,371,871; filed
May 20, 1965; issued Mar. 5, 1968.
Domestic and commercial waste and sewage
disposal is taken care of in this device.
A chamber receives waste and reduces it
by comminution means using water, and then
discharges the material through a pipe.
A pair of reducing devices with ripping claws
are provided, capable of breaking up solid
objects (tin cans, bottles, fibrous materials
etc.) Materials are macerated which
have been softened by the water. A
comminuting apparatus is provided to deal
with smaller pieces of waste to reduce
them to a size for drain disposal. Both
reducing and comminuting devices are
designed for intermittent or continuous
operations, by automatic control ireans.
USO640
Shive, W. M. (General Electric Company),
Food waste disposer. U.S. 3,374,958;
filed June 11, 1965; issued Mar. 26, 1968.

An improved stopper device is provided
for a garbage disposer. The disposer
itself is provided with an open-top
housing surrounding a comminuting chamber,
and is referred to as a batch feed
type of machine. This type of disposer
has been safer since there is little
I jl i
n
:hance of inserting one's hand into it
luring operation, A combined stopper
and control means is trie most prominent
safety feature of the disposer. The cup-
shaped stopper is designed to allow water to
enter the disposer during operation while
allowing sink drainage, too. It also
allows air trapped in the comminuting
chamber to be released so the water flow
will not be impeded. The stopper, which
rests within the drain outlet, has at least
one opening to allow drainage, and
uses a movable member to open and close the
passageway.
US-0641
Wetzel, R. C. Food-waste disposal apparatus.
U.S. 3,381,902; filed Jan. 17, 1966; issued
May 7, 1968.
278
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This invention is an improved garbage
disposer assembly which is simplified
and whose life lias been extended. A new
water seal for the bearings has been
provided. The bearing structure designed
for this unit should eliminate alignment
problems. Manufacturing costs should be
significantly reduced for this equipment.
US 0642
Meyers, T. F. (Hobart Manufacturing Company),
Waste disposer with automatic motor
reversing means. U.S. 3,401,892; filed
Apr. 29, 1965; issued Sept. 17, 1968.
6
An automatic motor-reversing switch for a
waste disposer includes a stationary contact
plate and a movable contact plate. The
movable contact plate is progressively
rotated by axially spaced cam members during
the movement of the movable contact plate
toward and away from the stationary contact
plate alternately to establish contact
between two pairs of contacts every time
the movable contact plate is brought into
engagement with the stationary contact plate.
The life of the cutting edges of the
impeller vanes and shredder ring is
enhanced because the direction or rotation
of the motor is reversed each time that
the motor is started.
US 0643
Chorney, P. L. (FMC Corporation), Waste
disposal unit. U.S. 3,420,455; filed May
12, 1966; issued Jan. 7, 1969.

A waste-disposal unit of the type found
in kitchen sink drains has an induction coil
placed about its entrance to create a
detectable signal when a metallic item,
such as knife or fork, is inadvertently
received in the throat. The signal is
used to stop the action of the comminuting
elements of the disposal unit to prevent
damage to the unit and to the metallic item.
2O
US 0644
Enright, J. H., and C. A. Wicke (Emerson
Electric Company), Waste disposer with
stopper-actuated switch. U.S. 3,425,637;
filed Dec. 16, 1966; issued Feb. 4, 1969.

The batch-type waste disposer has a cylindrical
throat portion and a somewhat wider
279
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Processing/Reduction
comminuting chamber body with a cylindrical
wall radially offset from the throat. The
body and throat are connected by a shoulder
which forms right-angle corners with the
body wall and throat. A plastic cam
track carrying sleeve is inserted'in the
throat. It has an upper portion directly
supported by the throat wall and a
switch in both directions of stopper
rotation.
downwardly projecting portion spaced
radially from the body wall. A support
ring is disposed in the gap between the
chamber wall and the downwardly projecting
portion of the sleeve insert to bridge
the gap in between and brace the plastic
sleeve insert to maintain its cylindrical
shape. The switch of the batch-type disposer
is actuated by a stopper having a two-stage
closure or valve and cams which actuate the
US-0645
Prohl, R. F. Waste disposal devices. U.S.
3,448,932; filed July 23, 1962; issued
June 10, 1969.

This waste or garbage disposal unit is a
heavy-duty type of large capacity adapted
to be used for grinding up a large variety
of vegetable and fruit waste materials
on truck farms, in supermarkets, food
processing plants, res:aurants, and hotels.
device includes a frame providing a support
for a housing containing a cutting or
grinding chamber. A hopper is disposed
above the chamber for receiving a supply of
waste to be fed to the chamber. A rotary
cutter assembly is mounted in the chamber on
a main shaft, driver, by an electric motor.
The rotary cutter assembly includes a feed
plate or upper circular portion, having
mulching knives mounted on it for effecting
preliminary cutting and distribution of the
waste material in the jhamber. A
stationary cutter bar assembly is mounted
upon the wall of the chamber and includes
a blade or anvil that cooperates with a
feed knife mounted upoi the top of the
rotary cutter assembly. The' reduced-size
material cut by the feed knife passes
through the feed slot to a series of
serrated grinding knives disposed below the
feed plate. In order to facilitate disposal
of fibrous waste materials, a set of
finger knives is provided at one side
The
280
-------
of the chamber. The housing has an opening
through which a jet of water is introduced
to flush material into the space below the
feed plate.
US-0646
Burkland, C. W. (Maytag Company), Waste
disposer with centrifugally urged impeller.
U.S. 3,454,240; filed June 27, 1966; issued
July 8, 1969.
39
This impeller assembly for a waste disposer
is operable for preventing jamming by bones
or other objects while insuring optimum
operation of the impeller assembly. The
waste disposer apparatus consists of: a
housing providing a comminuting chamber and
having an inlet for receiving waste materials;
a shredding ring including shredding elements;
and a rotary impeller assembly with the
chamber. At least one impeller is
movably mounted on a rotor. The impeller
is responsive to centrifugal force for
movement into an operative position at
which it is cooperable with the shredding
elements for effecting comminution of waste
materials. A detent device maintains the
impeller in the operative position.
Grinding
US-0647
Hardgrove, R. M. (The Bab cock and Wilcox
Company), Air-swept pulverizer for use in
closed-circuit pulverized material transport
systems. U.S. 2,436,488; filed Dec. 11,
1943; issued Feb. 24, 1948.

This pulverizer is adapted for use in a
system where the pulverized material is
281
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rtocessing/Reduction
transported by means of a current of air.
Material for grinding and air are supplied
to the pulverizer in such proportions that
the resulting mixture can be transported
without risk, of premature combustion. Air
is admitted to the pulverizer through a
duct and into an extension where the air
flow is reversed. The air flows downward
through the ring-like passage. A mixture
of fuel and air is admitted through the
annular opening. The air stream and the
fuel mixture combine to form a single stream
flowing through the pulverizer. Solids are
kept in suspension and do not interfere with
the circulation of fuel.
mounted on the connecting member also vibrates
in a direction parallel to the axis of
the magnet. Vibration of the conveyor causes
work pieces to move into the grinding
>0
throat. A second conveyor is used to return
finished ground work pieces to the operator
or to shift them in any other direction.
US-0648
Jones, A. J., and C. C. W. Williams
(Landis Tool Company), Work loading device
for grinding machines. U.S. 2,472,707;
filed Sept. 20, 1945; issued June 7, 1949.

Work pieces are provided to a centerless
grinder with a minimum application of
force. Work pieces are introduced into a
grinding throat consisting of a hopper having
a V-shaped bottom. A baffle allows a
controlled flow of work pieces to flow
to the bottom of the hopper. Due to an
adjustable opening, work pieces leave the
hopper singly. The bottom of the hopper
extends to a trough and a tube runs from
the trough. The tube is attached to
a vibrating device which contains an
electro-magnet. When the magnet is
energized and de-energized a set of
springs and a connecting member are
subject to a vibrating movement occurring
in a direction substantially parallel with
the axis of the magnet. A conveyor unit
US-0649
Weston, D. Material reduction mills and
the operation thereof, U.S. 2,678,167;
filed July 16, 1951; issued May 11, 1954.
In a material reduction mill, over-grinding
is controlled by the use of an apparatus
282
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which Is used in connection with a pneumatic
withdrawal system. The particles of ground
material lying in the peripheral regions of
the mill are periodically brought towards
the center of rotation of the mill. The
particles are entrained in the current of
air causing a sudden reduction In the air
pressure within the drum. As soon as this
sudden drop in pressure occurs, the air
in the region of the periphery of the drum
moves toward the center and towards the
outlet port. The movement of air from the
peripheral portions of the mill takes
place with sufficient velocity to entrain
the particles of material in that region
which are of a suitable size for removal
from the mill. Under normal operating
conditions the maximum sized particle which
is removed from the mill is 1/2 to 2/3
inches in diameter.
the container to handle air and dust
particles in suspension.
US-0650
Shelby, J. A. Dust collecting and spray
device for grinding machines. U.S.
2,711,620; filed Jan. 23, 1953; issued
June 28, 1955.
Dust is collected from grinding machines
by a unit especially effective for reclaiming
diamond grinding dust. The unit has an
improved internal construction designed to
efficiently circulate dust-laden air within,
and air is exhausted from the unit. Incoming
air may be carried to a chamber without any
clogging of the unit, thus simplifying
maintenance. Means are provided to cool
and spray ttie grinding disk to which the
unit may be attached. A centrifugal
separating unit may be supported on
23,
US-0651
Weston, D. Automatic control case.
U.S. 2,766,939; filed Apr. 15, 1952;
issued Oct. 16, 1956.
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To control the rate of feed to material
reduction mills, an optimum rate of feed
283
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Processing/Reduction
is set so the mill can operate at maximum
efficiency (maximum of product, minimum of
power). One objective is to convert the
sound given off in the mill operation to
an electric signal and controlling the
feed in conjunction with this signal. This
invention may be used to particular
advantage with an air swept type mill.
One feature provides for adjustable
rheostats for biasing the output signal
of the sound level indicator. That is,
an increase in the sound level will cause
a small increase in the rate of feed,
a decrease in the sound level will
decrease the rate of feed significantly.
US-0652
Schinske, W. G. (Ideal Industries, Inc.),
Dust collector for comminutor grinders.
U.S. 2,784,537; filed Nov. 8, 1954;
issued Mar. 12, 1957.
A primary objective of this invention is
to create a commutator grinder unit which
provides suction means to funnel grinding
dust away, preventing it from clogging
adjacent apparatus and causing shorts in
commutator brushes. A nozzle mechanism used
with a source of suction is positioned ahead
of the grinding stone so that dust from the
point of contact between stone and commutator
will be picked up.
•JO
US-0653
Hardinge, H. Comminuting and classifying
system and method. U.S. 2,922,586;
filed Feb. 18, 1954; issued Jan. 26, 1960.

A system is provided for pulverizing or
comminuting mixtures of solid material
consisting of various sizes of particles.
Raw material of various size is introduced
into an Inlet hopper. The hopper discharges
it into the inlet end of a rotatable
drum-type mill. The exit of the mill is
covered by a heavy screen or grate and a
closed container and duct receive the
finished product. The material is drawn
upward through the duct receive the
finished product. The material is drawn
upward through the duct and is deposited in
the container. The finished product
accumulates in a cone and is removed through
a discharge mechanism.
284
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US-0654
Sheldon, W. M. (Metals Disintegrating
Company, Inc.), Vertical pulverizing
machine. U.S. 2,922,589; filed Apr. 12,
1955; issued Jan. 26, 1960.

This pulverizing machine has a rotary
pulverizer at the bottom of the machine
and a separator at the top. A source of
suction is applied to the upper outlet
pipe of the machine. Particles are picked
up and carried to the separator which
allows only a certain amount to be released.
The remainder falls back into the grinding
apparatus with the material coming into the
chamber by the material inlet. The
maximum size passed through the separator
may be adjusted by controlling the speed
of rotation of the vanes in the separator.
This final product will have greater
uniformity of particle size and better
density.
US-0655
Nestor, L. R., and R. A. LePage (Minnesota
Mining and Manufacturing Company), Production
of groundwood pulp. U.S. 2,934,279; filed
June 29, 1955; issued Apr. 26, 1960.

This method for production of groundwood
pulp produces pulp having fibrous components
of high length-to-diameter ratio and which
is applicable to the production of usefully
strong, thin and opaque paper. The pulp
fibers produced are more supple and conform
better than prior groundwood fibers. These
groundwood pulps are made from the less
used species of woods. The invention
provides a novel method of grinding wood,
capable of directly providing groundwood
pulp. This is accomplished by means of
flexible grinding structures and under
conditions of fully longitudinal wet
grinding. Here, the movement of the
grinding surface at the wet surface of the
properly conditioned log or billet is
continuously parallel to the longitudinal
direction of the fibrous components naturally
occurring in the wood.
285
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Processing/Reduction
US-0656
Podmore, H. L. Vibratory grinding. U.S.
3,084,876; filed Feb. 24, 1959; issued
Apr. 9, 1963.
For grinding wet or dry materials by the
vibratory method, a charge is fed into the
chamber of a mill which contains grinding
media. The chamber is subjected to
vibratory action and air under pressure
enters the lower part of the chamber to
fluidize the charge and facilitate free
movement of the grinding media. Due to
the air flow, finer particles rise to the
top of the charge and are carried off through
outlets. Coarser particles remain for
further grinding action. Materials in dry
state are fed continuously into the chamber,
either through inlet chutes or by being
blown in along with the air. Means for
vibrating the chamber need not be provided
if the air introduced to fluidize the
charge for some granular materials is
sufficient to produce grinding action.
With wet materials, continuous grinding
in an open circuit is impossible since
air flow cannot carry away the fine
particles.
US0657
Mollring, G. B. Apparatus for pulverizing
and dispersing solid material into liquid
suspension. U.S. 3,160,352; filed June
15, 1959; issued Dec. 8, 1964.
Solid material is reduced to the desired
particle size and almost simultaneously
dispersed in a liquid media. The solid
material passes downward into the
apparatus from the mill, opening. First the
solid material is struck by full force of
impaction by a primary rotor of relatively
small circumference. The shattered
material is hurled against a first
target area and downward against a
secondary rotor. This rotor has a
larger circumference t-ian the primary
one. The solid material is hurled
against a secondary target area by
increasing peripheral speed and directed
downward upon a tertiary rotor of a
larger circumference trian the other two.
After striking the third target area, the
pulverized material is thrust downward into
a mixing, dispersion, or temporary storage
compartment.
US-0658
Daman, A. C. (Denver Equipment Company),
Screening-type peripheral discharge mill.
U.S. 3,184,171; filed June 18, 1962;
issued May 18, 1965.

A screening-type peripheral discharge mill
incorporates an induced discharge action
in association with its screening
286
-------
structure. The grinding mill has an
annular structure located on the
exterior of the liner. This structure is
provided with screening portions arranged
around the drum. A passage is located
at the end of each chamber for conducting
oversize rejects to the interior of the
drum.
US-OG59
Bryant, J. G. Hammermill having a rigid,
removable eccentrically disposed screen.
U.S. 3,196,915; filed Oct. 29, 1962; issued
July 27, 1965.

A hammermill is suitable for grinding
whole ears of corn, cobs, and other
heavy agricultural materials. It is
provided with a screen that does not
require flexing for removal or replacement.
A hainmermill rotor is within the mill
comprised of a series of spaced discs
which support numerous hammers around
their periphery. The mill housing is
made up of three portions: an inlet
hopper portion, a closed cover portion,
and an outlet or discharge portion. A
screen covers the outlet portion, the
size of the holes of which regulate the
size of the finished product.
US-0660
Peterson, C. H. (C. F. Shepherd), Suction-type
grinding mill. U.S. 3,313,494; filed
Apr. 1, 1964; issued Apr. 11, 1967.

A simple, durable, and efficient suction-type
grinding mill has an improved arrangement
for introducing feed to the grinding chamber.
Coarse material is fed into an intake
spout which provides a gravitational feed
inlet to the upper portion of the grinding
chamber and supplies air to the chambers.
The feed material falls to the bottom of
the grinding chamber until entrained in
centrifugal circulation. Grinding blades
rotate, scoop up the circulating solids,
and throw them against the walls of the
chamber. Considerable size reduction
results from the attrition action of the
particles as the blades crowd the material
against the side of the chamber walls and
?87
-------
Processing/Reduction
circulate it in the centrifugal flow. On
this centrifugal action, coarser sizes
remain at the outer periphery and finer
sizes are drawn toward the center. Circulating
air and airborne material which pass
around the periphery of the blades and
until they are reduced to a size which will
become airborne. Fan blades rotate at
high enough speeds in the discharge chamber
to draw in the finished products and eject
them through a discharge outlet.
US-0661
Hill, J. L. (Boise Cascade Corporation),
Pulpwood grinder contro.".. U.S. 3,314,615;
filed Apr. 21, 1964; issued Apr. 18, 1967.
_./!__.
A control is provided for effecting a
constant rate of pulpwood feed to a grinding
stone. Pocket, chain, or ring grinders
are used in this operation, with this
control device designed to provide a
reasonably constant and controllable
grinding rate per sq in. of wood in contact
with the grinding surface. The control unit
is comprised of numerous interoperatively-related
valve means to control one pressure cylinder;
it employs low pressure fluid for initial
control of the pressure foot piston of the
pressure cylinder which the control unit
serves.
progress laterally through anertures keet>
oversize particles in the grinding chamber
US-0662
Shepherd, T. C. R. Waste disposal
apparatus. U.S. 3,361,370; filed
June 21, 1965; issued Jan. 2, 1968.

This waste disposal apparatus disposes of
hospital waste such as disposable bed
pans and other items made from fibrous
material. The apparatus consists of:
a casing, having an upward facing inlet to
receive the waste; a lower part
communicating with the inlet and to which
the waste is led from the inlet; an
electrically driven rotary comminutor
located in the lower part of the casing;
an outlet from the casing below the
comminutor for discharge of the comminuting
material; a closure for the inlet; and
288
-------
a nozzle to deliver water as a cleansing
flow over the entire inner surface of the
casing and through the comminutor to the
discharge outlet. The nozzle will deliver
water under pressure directed as a complete
ring of water flowing radially over the
undersurface of the closure. The water
then flows as an annular curtain downward
over the inner surface of the casing toward
the comminutor, and then through the
comminutor to the discharge outlet. A
hinge assembly and arm mount the closure
for upward movement to open the casing
inlet. The hinge assembly and arm
contain ducting to supply water to the
nozzle. During comminution, the material
which is thrown outward against the inner
surface of the casing is limited in its
upward movement by the downward stream of
water. This effect is enhanced because the
flow of water is greatest ar the waist
portion of the casing, we]] above the rotary
comminutor. The ability to wash the
entire inner surface of the apparatus is
especially imnortant when disposing of
hospital waste. Infected tissue and
noxious waste can be disposed of quickly
and easily without risk of leaving any
residue in the apparatus.
US-0663
Conner, G. 0. (Rolls-Royce of Canada,
Ltd.), Adjustable apparatus for pulverizing
solid materials. U.S. 3,374,034; filed
Nov. 19, 1965; issued Mar. 19, I968.
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This pulverizer is adapted for breaking
hard materials into a more desirable size.
The head of the pulverizer is rotatable
on an axis parallel to the material to
be pulverized. It includes breaker elements
which are cylindrical in configuration and
rotatably mounted on the head. The breaker
elements rotate in a direction opposite the
direction of rotation of the head.
An adjustable drive is provided to adjust
the rotation between the head and breaker
elements. When the breaker element is
brought into engagement with the. surface
to be pulverized, the rotational speed of
the breaker elements and the head are
synchronized. This allows compressive
forces only to be applied by the breaker
elements perpendicularly against the
surface to be pulverized.
289
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Processing/Reduction
US 0664
Dyson, H. W. Disintegrating material in
a liquid carrier and separating the same.
U.S. 3,375,776; filed July 1, 1965; issued
Apr. 2, 1968.

A disintegrator or grinder receives the
waste from a disposal unit and combines
it with water or other liquid to form a slurry
A separator receives the slurry from the
disintegrator, extracts a portion of the
water fioir it, and discharges the deliquified
pulp. The water or other liquid is
returned to the unit from the separator
through a line having a gate valve. The
partially deliquified pulp is discharged
into a line having a diverter which directs
the discharge alternatively into a waste
line or an inlet line to a second separator.
The second separator operates to remove
additional moisture from the pulp discharged.
It includes a squeeze-roll extractor for
further extracting water from the pulp.
The semi-dry pulp from the squeeze-rolls
is discharged into a container and the
liquid extracted in the unit is either
discharged or returned to the unit through
a drain line. This u-iit is especially
useful in ships where water must be
recirculated.
US-0665
Foch, P. (Charbonnages de France),
Grinding device in a fluidized layer.
U.S. 3,381,901; filed May 23, 1966;
issued May 7, 1968.

An improved apparatus is provided for the
simultaneous grinding, sorting, and, when
required, drying, of granular, non-agglutinant
materials. Such operations can readily
be carried out in a fluidization reactor,
comprising a percussion grinder such as
that of the squirrel cage disintegrator
type. This device permits the use of
combustion or other gases at higher
temperatures than in drying in a conventional
fluidized bed. It is thus possible to reduce
the contact time of the fine products with the
gas or the combustion gases which convey
them. The invention also prevents preferential
wear of the bars of the rotating system
employed. The invention comprises a
fluidization chamber, at the base of which
a closed conduit opens vertically. The
conduit is traversed from the bottom to
the top by the hot gases conveying the
material to be treated. The percussion grinder's
moving system is constituted of a plurality
of rotating cages with bars mounted side-by-
side on the same driving shaft and
separated from each other by a free space.
290
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US 0666
Liebman, A. J. (Centriblast Corporation),
Machine for disintegrating paper and other
waste materials. U.S. 3,396,914; filed
Mar. 15, 1966; issued Aug. 13, 1968.
This paper grinder destroys the contents
of office waste baskets. It will shred
paper, leather, or chip-board sheet, and
crush objects such as bottles, etc. Within
the machine a pair of belts, which may travel
at the same or different speeds, converge.
The belts move the waste to a toothed
drum where a series of spaced disks hold
the material. Another drum, which is
comprised of choppers or projections
arranged in staggered relation to the
disks of the feed drum, revolves at a
high speed to beat and chop the trash into
small fragments. Glass objects are smashed
to small pieces, plastic objects shredded,
and thin metal objects bent or sheared.
The machine may be equipped with a separator
to assure that oversized objects don't
jam the disintegrator.
US 0667
Miner, W. W., and L. F. Johnson (SFM
Corporation), Method and apparatus for
processing waste material. U.S. 3,426,673;
filed Mar. 30, 1967; issued Feb. 11, J969.

A method of processing waste materials such
as garbage and trash includes the steps of
controlling the flow of the waste material
to a grinder, grinding the waste material
into substantially smaller particles,
transferring the particles to a compactor,
and compacting the particles into a substance
having a volume substantially less than the
original volume. This method is principally
accomplished by use of a two-stage
reduction mill in combination with a
hydraulically operated compactor. The.
reduction mill operates as a self-contained
unit to control the flow of waste material
to a final grinding stage where hammermill
flails comminute the wastes. The air
draft created by the rotation of the
hammermill flails assists the transfer
of the comminuted material to a loading
hopper of the compactor.
US-0668
Moore, A. E. Sewage comminuting device.
U.S. 3,439,361; filed May 11, 1967;
issued Apr. 22, 1969.

The apparatus is designed for combination
with conventional toilet facilities. It
reduces paper, tissue, and refuse of
compacted, brittle, or stranded consistency
291
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
to a finely divided form and therefore
provides more fluid refuse for expulsion
through the associated sewage lines. The
apparatus consists of a generally cylindrical
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enclosure which can be connected between a
toilet sewage outlet and disposal pipe,
and a pulverizing mechanism which is
actuatable in response to flushing of
the toilet.
REFUSE COLLECTION VEHICLES
US-0669
Mott, C. V,'. (Leach Company), Refuse
collector. U.S. 2,371,540; filed Nov. 20,
1943; issued Mar. 13, 1945.
This large capacity refuse collecting vehicle
offers improved loading of refuse into a
storage compartment of the collector. Refuse
is dumped into a stationary receiving
trough with capacity for a single charge
of refuse. Two pivotally mounted refuse-
handling members, osclllatable back and forth
292
-------
in arcs between retracted and advanced
positions, sweep the refuse from the bottom
of the trough into an elevated position before
final placing in the storage compartment.
US-0670
Jones, H. W. (Dempster Brothers, Inc.),
Collecting, transporting, and dumping
equipment. U.S. 2,626,069; filed Sept.
26, 1949; issued Jan. 20, 1953.

This transporting and dumping vehicle is
capable of picking up in succession numerous
small containers and dumping their contents
into the vehicle. Such equipment is
particularly adapted for collection and
removal of waste materials such as trash
and garbage from street curbs and sidewalks.
A skid frame movable in a lengthwise
direction, in conjunction with suitable
hoisting equipment, is employed for picking
up and dumping small loaded containers.
The small containers are automatically
dumped into the large container without
releasing them from the hoisting means.
The loaded containers, therefore, can be
picked up at the side of the vehicle,
swung into position over the receptacle
and dumped; the empty containers are then
swung back and dropped at the side of the
vehicle.
US-0671
Galloway, V. A. Vehicle loading equipment.
U.S. 2,674,384; filed Nov. 28, 1951;
issued Apr. 6, 1954.
Improvements of construction in the
mechanism of garbage pick-up trucks are
based upon the design and use of guide rails
from which the bucket guide rollers are not
required to be disengaged for or during
the bucket-dumping operation. The
difficulty, therefore, of re-engaging the
rollers with the rails when the bucket is
lowered is avoided. The guide rail
possesses a pivotally hinged upper end
section with which the bucket guide
rollers move into holding engagement with
the lifting of the bucket up to dumping
position and with which they remain engaged
while the bucket is dumped. This
upper end section swings with the bucket
as it is dumped, and is actuated back into
exact registering alignment with the fixed
lower end portion of the rail when the
bucket is returned from inverted position
for lowering. This permits the free travel
of the guide rollers onto it. The buckets
themselves have been improved at their ends,
and in the design of the dumping arms which
mount the sheaves over which the bucket
293
-------
Refuse Collection Vehicles
suspending cables operate, and which co-act
with brackets for bucket dumping operations.
US-0672
Calamore, J. P. (City Tank Corporation),
Loader and packer for refuse trucks.
U.S. 2,692,062; filed Jan. 18, 1951;
issued Oct. 19, 1954.
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A tailgate loader and packer for refuse
trucks has a motor which operates an
endless conveyor lift or escalator type
of load shifter which moves refuse. The
refuse is moved from a low-level loading
hopper along an angular tailgate to a
position well above the floor level of
the refuse truck. The conveyor is
completely enclosed. The refuse is
continuously distributed within the body
with compacting force. Interruption in
loading is minimized and a high payload
may be loaded into the refuse truck body
economically.
US0673
Laber, W. J., H. E. Laber, W. Laber, K.
Laber, H. Boeger, and M. Boeger.
Balanced sanitation truck. U.S. 2,776,
filed May 18, 1955; issued Jan. 8, 1957

A sanitation truck has facilities for
receiving rubbish and garbage in an
770;
accessible position ard for introducing
it into the truck without upsetting the
balance of the truck. This vehicle not
only collects garbage, but also removes
snow. A sliding panel or door is located
on top and is movable toward the front of
the truck body to expose an opening which
can be utilized to receive snow from a
snow conveyor. The side wall also has a
sliding door to receive material. In this
manner, no part of the loading mechanism
extends into the truck body, but simply
communicates with it. Between the cab and
294
-------
the body is a loading device which is
readily accessible to troughs into which
the garbage may be easily dumped. When
filled, the entire body may be tilted to
dump the load.
US-0674
Bowles, S. V. (S. V. Bowles, and P.
Gentile), Self-loading truck. U.S.
2,784,853; filed Dec. 15, 1953; issued
Mar. 12, 1957.
This power-operated loading device is
suitable for attachment to a conventional
trash truck for lifting the contents of
trash containers from the street level
into the body of a high-walled dump truck.
This device also distributes the material
evenly within the body of the truck. In
lowered position, the bucket is filled with
trash. The bucket is next lifted upward
over the cab of the truck in progressive
intermediate positions. When the arm
readies or approaches top dead center, the
arm sections are buckled about a hinge
joint to swing toward the rear and invert
the bucket. By buckling the arm in various
positions, the contents may be dumped into
different portions of the body. A double-acting
hydraulic power cylinder is employed for
the upswinging of each of the arms.
US-0675
Dempster, G. R., and W. A. Herpich (Dempster
Brothers, Inc.), Front end loaders. U.S.
2,900,096; filed May 28, 1957; issued Aug.
18, 1959.

A front end loader includes a motor
vehicle chassis and a chassis frame. There
is a refuse body on the chassis frame,
and a loading mechanism. The loading
mechanism comprises a pair of lifting
arms of gooseneck shape extending over the
top of the cab and downward at the front and
back of the cab. The rear lower end
portion of each lifting arm on the vehicle is
pivotally mounted for an upward swinging
movement. A power device is connected with
the lifting arms for causing an upward
lifting movement of the arms. Pick-up arras
are provided, and are supported by the front
end portions of the lifting arms and have
a connection for detachable engagement with
a container to lift the container to an
elevated position over the body and for
dumping its contents. There is a torque
tube journaled on the lifting arms and
supporting the pick-up arms. This torque
tube can be rotated to move the pick-up
arms to different positions with respect
to the lifting arms.
295
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
US-0676
Coleman, G. W., and J. M. Gwinn (Gar
Wood Industries, Inc.)> Refuse truck body
and loader. U.S. 3,044,644; filed Apr. 7,
1959; issued July 17, 1962.
This refuse loader is mounted on a tailgate
which is pivotally mounted on the rear end
of a truck. The loader consists of a
sweep panel which sweeps refuse from a
trough in the tailgate to a position in
horizontal alignment with a loading opening
in the rear end of the truck body. A ram
panel moves across the sweep panel toward
the load opening to push the refuse off
the sweep panel and through the opening
into the truck body for dumping, and the
tailgate is swung upward to an open
position. The refuse can then be discharged
through the opening. A unique feature of
this invention is the utilization of one
of the panel operating power means for
opening the tailgate. This is accomplished
by moving the panels into positions in which
the sweep panel blocks movement of the ram
panel in a direction away from the loading
opening. With the sweep panel locked in
this position, the ram cylinders mounted
on the truck body are then extended. This
causes the desired swinging of the tailgate.
US-0677
Loane, L. B. Load-carrying apparatus.
U.S. 3,057,663; filed Sept. 8, 1960;
issued Oct. 9, 1962.

A load-carrying apparatus has a wheeled
hopper with a floor adapted to be moved
forward and upward to unload the contents
of the hopper. The rear wall of the hopper
serves as a door, is pivoted at its top,
and is maintained in a closed position by
the floor so that movement of the latter
causes the rear wall to swing open. A
releaseable locking m=ans is provided to
maintain the floor stationary. The
apparatus includes a main frame supporting
the hopper, equipped so that downward
discharging of the load in the hopper is
not obstructed. A power means such as a
tractor is provided to move the floor
upward and forward. When the trailer
vehicle is fully loaded, and it is
necessary to unload the contents, the
linkage system is actuated to disengage
the locking clip and pin and the tractor is
driven slowly forward. This action
causes the drawbar and the rear of the
floor to move forward of the trailer
vehicle. The floor is guided upward
by a transverse roller. The load in
the trailer falls through the open bottom.
This vehicle can be employed for transporting
any suitable loads.
US-0678
Stratton, R. R. (The Stratton Equipment
Company), Garbage loader. U.S. 3,059,791;
filed July 7, 1959; issued Oct. 23, 1962.
296
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A refuse loader is designed for use with a
conventional motor vehicle dump body. The
loader includes a bed and side walls forming
an elliptical opening through one of the
walls adjacent to its lower edge. A
circular tube having one end open is
attached to one of the side walls around

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the periphery of the opening. This tube
extends downward and outward from the
opening. An auger in the tube extends
through and beyond the opening into the dump
body and it has a helical screw and an
axial shaft. The helical screw has an
external diameter approximately equal to the
internal diameter of the tube, and it is
supported and journaled about its radially
outward periphery by the tube. The tube
has in a portion of its length a charge
opening facing upward. A hopper mounted on
the tube surrounds the charge opening and
extends up from it. There is a deflection
plate attached to one of the side walls
above and adjacent to the opening, through
it and extending into the dump body above
and adjacent to that part of the auger
extending into the dump body. It is in
coacting relationship with the auger. There
is a drive mechanism connected to the lower
outboard end of the shaft for rotating the
auger in the tube.
US-0679
Clement, F. L. Tag trailer. U.S. 3,082,039;
filed Sept. 17, 1962; issued Mar. 19, 1963.

This tag trailer provides trailer running
gear which minimizes and stabilizes
swaying and jackknifing during highway
travel. In this multiple-axle trailer,
a main frame is suspended by the rear axle
and a forward subframe and tow bar are
relatively immovable, forming together a
solid unit. This unit is supported by the
front axle and is pivotally connected above
the axle with the main frame in a manner
297
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
to accommodate relative rocking of the
frames about a horizontal axis while still
maintaining fore and aft frame alignment.
A tow bar-subfrarae unit is mounted on the
front axle and has a crosswise hinge pin
connection with the main frame above and
vertically aligned with the front axle.
This provides the main frame with a dumping
body having a lift mechanism mounted on the
frame structure vertically aligned with the
axle. Unbalance of the subframe is avoided
and the long projecting tow bar is maintained
free of leverage forces, and support of the
main frame weight is provided.
US-0680
Worster, D. B. Convertible vehicle body.
U.S. 3,087,759; filed Feb. 27, 1958;
issued Apr. 30, 1963.
A convertible body may be used for transporting
granular material in a sanitary enclosure,
or may be converted to convey regular
packaged cargo in another condition. The
trailer body is particularly useful if the
distance of transportation is so great
that the truck must be loaded for the
return trip. The vehicle body is simple
in construction, economical to manufacture,
and efficient to use. The bed employed is
specifically designed for use in an auto
trailer. Similar principles, however,
could be employed in railroad cars or
truck bodies. The frame has a front
floor sheet hingedly attached to the front
fixed floor section vrith flanged members
extending upward. These members are
attached to the side walls adjacent to
an edge of the fixed floor section, and
extending inward from this position. A
front floor sheet can swing from a horizontal
position to form a compartment consisting
of the sheet, side walls, and front wall.
US-0681
Weiss, F. A. Extensible trailer frame.
U.S. 3,239,274; filed June 2, 1964; issued
Mar. 8, 1966.
•S
8ii
id
Trailers are constructed so that they may
be expanded in length to provide a greater
wheel base. The object of this device is to
provide a trailer which can be extended by
lengthening the wheel base by means of
longitudinally telescoping frame members.
The vehicle can be adapted to mount a
dump body with the trailer being in the
extended position, and then retracting a
portion of the trailer under the dump
body when the truck reaches a location
where it is desired to discharge the
material in the dump body. A novel locking
means is responsible for maintaining the
adjustable portions of the trailer in
operable relation. Anti-friction roller
means located between the front and rear
298
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sections of the trailer allow relative free
movement to permit lengthening and shortening
of the wheel base.
US-0682
Hackett, C. A., and K. J. Hackett
(Clarence A. Hackett, Inc.), Slag pot
carrying vehicle. U.S. 3,266,648;
filed Apr. 16, 1964; issued Aug. 16, 1966.

This vehicle is employed to transport a
slag pot. It is capable of supporting
the massive load of a slag pot and its
contents in a unique manner both in transit
and during dumping, and can employ rubber
pneumatic tires. This last feature insures
maneuverability in transit and the prevention
of destruction of roadways. The pot is held
in an extremely stable manner while it is
transported, but may become unbalanced for
the self-tilting operation. A novel
pot-supporting linkage guarantees that the
molten slag cannot be poured onto the
rubber pneumatic tires during dumping. The
pot is centered on the trailer to distribute
the weight to the front and rear wheels of the
vehicle. The load on the front wheels
increases the friction of the tractor. When
the vehicle reaches the dumping area, the
pot moves to a position at the rear of
the vehicle. The rear tires do not burst
here because of an auxiliary supporting
arrangement.
US0683
Ridgeway, E. L., and W. S. Appleman.
Lift and dump apparatus for refuse
containers. U.S. 3,278,059; filed
Nov. 16, 1964; issued Oct. 11, 1966.
A material lifting and dumping apparatus
for a front-loading vehicle is provided
with an open top receptacle comprising a
support mechanism attached to the vehicle.
A pair of lift arms are pivotally connected
to the support mechanism, and a latch
is pivotally mounted on the ends of the
arms, including normally vertically
disposed slots. A container is provided
with outwardly extending lugs on opposite
sides of each other for sliding engagement
with the slots. Means move the arms and
the latch into engagement with the lugs
and lift the container into an overturned
dumping position over the open top
receptacle. A main hook is mounted on
the latch and includes a main lug-engaging
shoulder which is movable across the slots
between an open and a closed position for
retaining the lugs in the slots. There is
a safety hook mounted on the latch and
includes a safety lug-engaging shoulder
which is movable across the slots for
safety engagement with the lug during
movement of the main lug-engaging shoulder
between the positions.
US-0684
Engle, A. (H. and E. Trucking Company),
Guard plate for refuse truck. U.S.
3,291,275; filed Feb. 10, 1964; issued
Dec. 13, 1966.

By means of this device, trucks may not
only be economically manufactured, but also
299
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
be more efficient and satisfactory in use,
adaptable to a wide variety of application,
and be unlikely to malfunction. This invention
provides in a refuse truck a container
adapter plate adjustable for multiple
purpose use. The adapter plate, in its
horizontal rest position, serves as a
platform and cat-walk upon which container
handlers may stand and move about. Here, it
can also be employed for holding the
containers. In its raised, inclined
position the plate provides a projection
of the lower edge of the hopper opening.
It is, therefore, useful in adapting
containers of one size or configuration
to use with hopper bodies which may have
been designed for use with containers of
other sizes or configurations.
I i__
US-0685
Anstee, L. L. (Sperry Rand Corporation),
Forage receiving and self-unloading unit.
U.S. 3,348,707; filed Oct. 22, 1965;
issued Oct. 24, 1967.

This invention comprises an elongated
frame capable of receiving a dump vehicle
for dumping into it. A feed conveyor moves
the forage longitudinally from one end of the
frame to the other end. An output conveyor
is located on the end of the frame adjacent
to the feeder conveyor. Forage is directed
from the end of the feed conveyor into the
output conveyor and distributed as desired.
202
US4J686
Goodman, J, F. Scavenger vehicle.
U.S. 3,353,696; filed Dec. 29, 1965;
issued Nov. 21, 1967.
This vehicle has its own power-driven
means for aiding loading. Its purpose is
to increase carrying capacity of the
vehicle and simplify the handling of
300
-------
cart loads of refuse. Doors of an
auxiliary body portion are opened and a
tailgate drops to contact the roadway.
A wheeled cart may be rolled directly up
the tailgate's ramp and secured within the
auxiliary body portion. Flanges may be
used to secure the cart in place. The
tailgate is raised and latched shut with
the doors. The main doors are opened by
actuators. The auxiliary portion is
then lifted until it is in position to
transfer its contents into the main body
portion. For unloading, the main doors
are opened, the auxiliary portion upended,
and the main body portion tilted. After,
or at the same time the main body is
emptied, the doors of the auxiliary body can
be opened to disengage its contents.
US-0687
Torrey, A. J. Combination cleaning fluid
nozzle and hydraulically operated hopper
for refuse collecting apparatus. U.S.
3,372,875; filed Oct. 21, 1965; issued
Mar. 12, 1968.
This refuse collection vehicle possesses a
hydraulically operated lift mechanism and
a hydraulically powered supply system which
pumps cleaning fluid between a supply
vessel and the manually-controlled nozzle
on a flexible hose. A selectively operable
diverter valve alternately directs
hydraulic fluid from the vehicle's
hydraulic fluid pressure system to either
the lift mechanism or the cleaning fluid
supply system. The vehicle thus may collect
refuse or clean refuse containers. It also
includes a heater adapted to heat the
cleaning fluid contained in the fluid
supply tank, permitting usage of the mechanism
in subfreezing weather conditions.
US 0688
Klanner, R., and M. Roedel (Maschinenfabrik
Augsburg-Nurnberg A.G.), Trash truck having
removable tank. U.S. 3,380,600; filed
Mar. 22, 1966; issued Apr. 30, 1968.
A movable tailgate is pivotally joined to the
truck chassis adjacent to the front end.
It can be lowered or lifted so that the tank
can be removed from the chassis. The
tank is mounted on wheels so that it can be
rolled off the chassis by pulling it
backwards by means of a rope winch. A
tow rope having a hook and running around
a sheave is employed to pull the tank
across a steel plate, forming a bridge
between the trash truck and onto a
different tank carrier such as a railroad
US-0689
Barnes, C. H. (C. H. Barnes, and R. J.
Barry), Refuse collection vehicles and
the like. U.S. 3,391,811; filed Oct. 22,
1965; issued July 9, 1968.

This refuse collection vehicle is designed
so that the number of persons required
to operate it is reduced when garbage is
being collected. An auxiliary control
station is positioned adjacent to the
refuse hopper of the vehicle. When the
vehicle is functioning on a collection route,
the driver operates the truck from the
auxiliary control station. The operator
*?orks both as a driver and as a collector.
The driver support mechanism is constructed
so that the vehicle complies with most
301
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
local, state, and federal vehicle-width
restrictions.
US-0690
Herpich, W. A., and G. W. Palmer (Hercules
Gallon Products, Inc.). Refuse collecting
vehicle forward tilt body. U.S. 3,411,645;
filed June 9, 1966; issued Nov. 19, 1968.
This rear-loading refuse vehicle has a
hollow body pivotally connected to the
chassis at the front lower end of the
body. A tailgate is pivotally mounted
on the upper end of the body and extends across
the open rear end of the body. The hopper in
the lower end of the tailgate charges refuse
into the body. The body can be tilted to
discharge refuse, and the loading hopper
can be raised above the level of the rear
axle when the vehicle is moving from place
to place.
US 0691
Schroering, J. B. (Tri-City Industrial
Services, Inc.), Hoist arm structure for
refuse loaders. U.S. 3,414,147; filed
Feb. 17, 1967; issued Dec. 3, 1968.
a supporting ramp. A cooperating container
pivot is positioned at one end of the
container, and is supported by the
container and by the ramp surface. The
container pivot defines the axis about which
the container may be pivoted by elevation of
its opposite end. Hoist arms elevate this
opposite end of the container. The
hoist arms are positioned on opposite
sides of the container, and are supported on
a common pivotal axis which lies between
their ends. A lift bar lies under and
spans the base of the container,
adjacent to its opposite sides. The
hoist arms are connected to the ends of
the lift bar by closed slots in the lift
arms. This forms a lost motion connection
between the hoist arms and the lift bar.
A latch is carried by the container base
and includes a part having a recess open
toward the opposite end of the container,
and is adapted to accommodate the lift bar.
The common pivotal axis of the hoist arms
is below the container pivot axis. Pivotal
motion of the hoist arms causes the lift
bar to engage the base of the container and
pivot it about the axis defined by the
container pivot. The position of the
container pivot axis and the hoist arm
pivotal axis provides a rectilinear motion
to the lift bar along the base of the
container. This seats the lift bar in the
latch recess as the container is tilted.
US-0692
Wilson, D. D., and G. D. Pappas (Fruehauf
Corporation), Refuse body with side loader.
U.S. 3,452,891 filed Mar. 5, 1968; issued
June 1, 1969.
13"
This apparatus is for lifting and tilting
a container through an obtuse angle above
A lifting and tilting device is described
for a refuse-hauling vehicle of the type
302
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which uses specially built containers which
are left at the points of collection to
be filled between trips and loaded into
the vehicle body when it makes its rounds.
The container is attached to the side of
the vehicle, and is elevated and tilted by
hydraulic power to empty it into the
vehicle body. The containers may be
supplied with hinged covers which conceal
the refuse between trips of the vehicle
but swing open automatically during the
loading operation.
US4693
Pappas, G. D., and A. K. Hoover (Fruehauf
Corporation), Refuse loader with toggle
action. U.S. 3,456,821; filed Aug. 14, 1967;
issued July 22, 1969.
A rear end loader for a refuse-collecting
vehicle body consists of a tillable refuse
receiving bucket and a pivotal packer
blade so arranged that it will move the
refuse from the bucket into the vehicle
body with a toggle action by the blade
such that the action is fast during the
first part of its stroke, but is slower
and exerts an increased pressure at the end
of its stroke.
trucks), U.S. 3,471,003; filed May 2,
1967; issued Oct. 7, 1969.

In a garbage or refuse disposal truck
having an upwardly inclined trash chute
and drive and idler rollers mounted,
respectively, at opposite ends of the
chute, an endless conveyor is mounted to
travel just above the chute. The conveyor
comprises a number of spaced, parallel,
transverse blades or pushers, which are
secured at adjacent opposite ends to two
spaced, endless belts, so that the blades
on the lower reach of the conveyor have
wiping engagement with the face of the
chute to push trash upwardly over the upper
end of the chute. The two rollers are
resilient, and are positioned frictionally
to engage the midpoints only of the blades,
so that the latter can pivot about their
midpoint to pass over an obstruction on
the face of the chute.
US-0694
Sandstrom, L. 0. E. (Holms Industri A.-B.),
Refuse conveyor for trasli collectors or
Packers
US-0695
Baldt, T. T. Automatic vehicle loader.
U.S. 2,496,192; filed Dec. 13, 1946;
issued Jan. 31, 1950.

This automatic vehicle loader compresses
refuse in a garbage truck and can handle
a greater load of refuse than is now
customary. The efficiency of loading
is increased while the complexity and size
normally required of a loading device is
decreased. The mechanism may be readily and
removably installed on one of a number of
303
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
refuse-collection vehicles. On the truck,
a tailgate is hingedly mounted to the body.
A loading hopper at the lower end of the
tailgate is employed for feeding refuse to
the conveyor. The tailgate carries a bin
in position to receive refuse elevated by
the conveyor. A rotary scoop for scooping
refuse in the bin and a paddle pivotally
mounted with the scoop are employed for this
purpose.
US-0696
Calcagno, A. Refuse handling apparatus.
U.S. 2,643,014; filed June 9, 1950; issued
June 23, 1953.

This refuse-handling apparatus collects
garbage, sawdust, leaves, ashes,
fertilizer, snow, and other refuse
materials. The apparatus is fully sealed
and sanitary, but may be packed full of
refuse material to the limit of its
capacity. It is capable of handling
different types of refuse which may be
segregated within the apparatus for
separate disposal. Refuse is compacted
to a high degree and the refuse-compacting
mechanism may be employed to discharge the
refuse from the apparatus. The packing
plate in this vehicle is transversely
mounted with means for reciprocating the
plate longitudinally on the body. It is
adjustable in its angle of inclination and
may be increased or decreased as required
to accommodate refuse having varying
physical properties. The body is sealed
completely, but has a number of doors
stationed in the top and sides for
introduction of refuse material into the
interior in proper reletion to the packing
plate. A holding plate is associated with
the packing plate to keep the refuse
compressed until it is discharged.
Segregation is accomplished by means of an
auxiliary packing plate mounted transversely
within the body a spaced distance from the
first packing plate.
21
US-0697
Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Material
collecting vehicle. U.S. 2,649,216; filed
Apr. 7, 1949; issued Aug. 18, 1953.
A material-collecting vehicle of the
self-loading type loads the material into
the body easily and with a minimum
expenditure of power. This vehicle also
304
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compacts the material to a certain extent.
It includes a large-capacity storage body
of generally rectangular form which is
mounted on the chassis and can be lifted up
for the dumping operation. The rear end of
the body is hinged to the chassis to permit
dumping of the contents. This tailgate can
swing upward and toward the rear. An
upright packer plate, which moves any
material deposited in the hopper into the
body along an elevated passageway, is
located inside the loading mechanism. The
packer plate is controlled by means of too
laterally-spaced simultaneously-operating
hydraulic cylinder mechanisms. The loading
door is adapted to be closed at the time the
packer plate commences its loading cycle.
US-0698
Reitz, D. S. (Morse Boulger Destructor
Company), Refuse truck loader. U.S.
2,675,138; filed Sept. 8, 1949; issued
Apr. 13, 1954.
With this refuse truck loader, loading
occurs by the power propulsion of a paddle
or other load-shifting member. It moves
and compresses the debris loaded into a
hopper at a low level and forces it at the
low level point of the truck against the
pressure head of the refuse filled into the
truck body. The device will overcome
problems such as overloading and stalling
the prime mover or requiring an unnessarily
expensive power tolerance. Workmen may dump
the refuse collected with minimum lifting,
leaving it for a loader such as a paddle,
while is operated by a hydraulic prime mover.
The loader employed compresses material
entering the hopper to avoid the likelihood
of forming voids or a bulky mass. The
packer is a rotary loader mechanism whose
trunnioned power shaft has a sprocket wheel
connected by the chain drive to the driving
gear.
US-0699
Feidert, J. Material compression and
loading means for truck bodies. U.S.
2,695,110; filed Mar. 7, 1952; issued
Nov. 23, 1954.

A double piston arrangement for loading
refuse into a refuse container includes
a ramming piston and a supplementary piston
that constitutes a combined refuse material
introduction tube and refuse material moving
device. During the first phase of the
charging of the refuse, the supplementary
piston may be employed as a backing plate
against which refuse will be compressed
upon the movement of the ramming piston.
At a certain moment, the supplementary
305
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
piston is lifted, and the compressed
refuse passes into the collecting chamber.
occurs, the material to be charged is emptied
in front of the ramming piston.
The device itself contains a rear closure
which carries the loading opening, loading
chamber, and ramming piston. When loading
US-0700
Le Laurin, L. A. Refuse-compressing body
for vehicles. U.S. 2,(,96,925; filed June 21,
1954; issued Dec. 14, 1954.

A refuse body for compressing and
transporting refuse is adapted to be
mounted on a motor truck and operated by
power supplied from tht: truck motor. It is
comprised of an elongated body having side
loading doors and dumping doors closing one
end. A compressor plate is located
transversely within the body and is
arranged to move longitudinally in it for
compressing refuse loaded through the side
doors against the dumping doors. A
reversible power take-off is engaged with
the truck motor, and a speed reducer is
connected to the power take-off for
supplying propelling power to the
compressor plate. A flexible device is
connected to the speed reducer for pulling
the compressor plate longitudinally within
the body in either direction. There is a
fluid coupling interpoised between the speed
reducer and power take-off for slipping
upon stalling of the compressor plate within
the body. The fluid coupling is openly
exposed below the motor truck and truck body
for heat dissipation at ambient conditions.
"
US-0701
Brown, R. E. (City Tank Corporation),
Non-channelling loader for refuse trucks.
U.S. 2,754,988; filed Aug. 24, 1953;
issued July 17, 1956.
This device for refuse trucks employs a
packer assembly which exerts its feeding
or distributing action in a substantially
unconfined space. This permits lateral
spreading of the gravitationally deposited
306
-------
load, eliminating channelling, and attaining
higher 'pay loads.' The
cyclically-reproduced packer assembly of
rotating blade and swinging paddle acts upon
the deposited load. It sweeps and packs the
load without any confining influence other
than the walls of the truck.
US-0702
Nelson, A. W. Refuse loading and compacting
truck. U.S. 2,777,593; filed Oct. 18, 195A;
issued Jan. 15, 1957.
A loading and compacting device is provided
for a refuse truck which periodically
consolidates the refuse into the front of
the truck without blocking the access from
10
34
30
307
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
the hopper to the truck interior. The
device is automatically actuated for
maximum consolidation of all stored refuse.
Refuse is deposited in the loading
compartment and a motor excited. Refuse
lifters rotate and pass the compartment,
picking up and transporting quantities of
rubbish to an opening. At the opening,
the refuse is deposited upon a packer. The
packer then moves arcuately about a hinge,
lifting and forcing the refuse toward the
front of the truck. Ho pockets exist where
refuse could accumulate and not be subject
to the packing action. The spacing and
number of lifters and buttons can be varied
to predetermine the ratio of refuse
deposited on the packer to packer movements.
US-0703
Brown, R. E. (City Tank Corporation),
Refuse truck and elevator head shaft
therefor. U.S. 2,778,518; filed Oct. 27,
1953; issued Jan. 22, 1957.
This invention provides a head shaft
assembly for a refuse truck having a chain
lift, and for a packer mechanism and
coordinated parts which will be economical
to install and maintain in proper repair.
The unique feature of this assembly is its
ability to withstand the normal stresses
this type of vehicle undergoes. The
tailgate and lift assembly is directed
from a low-level hopper to a fill opening
adjacent to the ceiling of the truck and is
coupled with a packer blade actuating
mechanism.
US-0704
Wood, G. B. (G. B. Wood, and D. D.
Wood), Refuse vehicle1 loading devices.
U.S. 2,888,158; filed Aug. 30, 1956;
issued May 26, 1959.
This device improves the loading
characteristics of earlier refuse
vehicle loading devices, reduces the
height to the loading hopper of a dump
body, and provides a reciprocating
belt-type loading hopper
coupled with a ram loading and jaw
compacting mechanism to load the main
hopper of a refuse vehicle. This aids
in reducing voids in the compacted load
and further increases the capacity of the
main hopper. The vehicle possesses a
dump body which induces a main refuse
hopper having a pivoted tailgate and a
relatively low loading hopper which
can be loaded manually from the street
level. Also contained is a loading
means which compacts refuse while it is
transferred from the low loading hopper
to the higher main hopper. A
reciprocating flexible false bottom in
the low hopper tumbles material loaded
on it and reduces voids prior to
308
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compaction. Hydraulic means control a
mechanism which combines action of ramming
and compacting refuse into the higher
loading-carrying hopper.
V7O
US-0705
Kamin, E. F. Refuse vehicle. U.S.
2,912,128; filed May 20, 1957; issued
Nov. 10, 1959.
A refuse-collection vehicle has a hollow
body for collecting refuse. A packer
device is movable and compacts refuse
in the body of the packer. The packer
device has a base blade portion and a
tamping blade portion disposed above
the base blade portion. The tamping
blade is operable to swing downward
over the refuse collected by the packer.
A motor moves the packer device in the
path, and another motor swings the
tamping blade portion. A mechanism
is interposed between the first and
second motors which is operable to
actuate the second motor after a given
load is encountered by the packer.
US-0706
Gwinn, J. M, (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.),
Refuse loading mechanism. U.S. 2,939,594;
filed Feb. 3, 1956; issued June 7, 1960.

A continuously-operating feed mechanism
for forcing material through a charging
opening located near the bottom of the
refuse container works by a rotary
loading mechanism. An auxiliary pusher
member moves between retracted and
advanced positions to move the material
out of the vicinity. Both mechanisms
are controlled hydraulically so that
when the feed mechanism is rotating,
the pusher is retracted, and when the feed
mechanism is stopped, the pusher is
advanced. The loading is performed by
axially spaced rigid teeth which engage,
compress, and force refuse material through
the opening. The opening passageway is so
restricted in cross section and angular
309
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
slope that the material remains in contact
with the walls and so, resists reverse
flow of materials. The compaction achieved
allows the truck to carry a maximum load
and does not interfere with the truck
loading operation.
US-0707
Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Material
collecting vehicle. U.S. 2,986,290; filed
Mar. 29, 1957; issued May 30, 1961. .37 35 I £1 (%
In a refuse vehicle, a storage body provided
with an opening through which refuse is
— T v. *^ ' - - \ J % ^ % i
./-^i-'-::^
i&J^'^tfSiA
310
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dumped at its rear end contains a conveyor
which compacts the waste. The conveyor,
consisting of a large number of
interconnected transversely-extending
longitudinally-spaced flights or cross
bars, moves along the bottom of the truck,
up the front wall, and about half way
forward across the top, at which point
the belt is reversed and travels the same
path it had before, but underneath and
separated from that part of the belt that
is moving across the bottom and up. As a
result, the refuse that is dumped into the
truck is carried to the far wall and
compacted upon itself. The conveyor
can be moved in the opposite direction to
allow unloading.
US-0708
Rosaia, H. P. Packer-type refuse truck
U.S. 2,996,203; filed Sept. 22, 1958;
issued Aug. 15, 1961.
I4
In a packer-type loading truck, a ram
moves longitudinally to push refuse
deposited in the loading compartment
into the storage compartment. A gate
positioned at the top of the opening
between the two compartments extends
downward from its pivotal mounting on a
horizontal transverse axis. The gate can
pivot toward the loading compartment when
it is not latched into a retracted,
downward position. When the ram moves
forward toward the storage department, the
unlatching mechanism is stimulated, and
the gate extends into the path of movement.
After the ram is retracted, the door returns
to its latched configuration, therefore
effectively shutting the refuse in the
storage area. The actuating means for the
ram at least partially supports the loading
area. Side members of the casing covering
the actuating means comprise forward
extensions of dump sills which are pivotally
mounted on the chassis of the truck.
—•rrr-r^77riv^-^-_v--iu^^-^c. --1
311
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
US-0709
Karain, E. F. Refuse vehicle with
ram-actuated packer blade. U.S. 2,999,606;
filed Dec. 21, 1959; issued Sept. 12, 1961.

A refuse-collection vehicle which has a
rectangular hollow body houses a packer
blade which extends transversely alonp, and
straight across the body. The ends of the
blade are adjacent to the side walls of the
vehicle, and the bottora edge is adjacent
to the floor. The blade can move in a
path along the inside of the vehicle
between a retracted position adjacent
to the forward end, and an extended
position adjacent to the rear end.
A device is present adjacent to each end
of the blade near its bottom edge for
guiding the blade in its path. A
fluid-operated ram is parallel to the
floor and extensible for the entire
length of the vehicle. This ram is
situated above and close to the floor
of the vehicle and is connected between
the forward end of the vehicle and the
blade, and extends behind the bottom edge
of the blade for moving the blade in its
path. There is an elongated cover
extending along the vehicle, joined to
the blade for movement with it, and
extending back from the blade to shield
the ram. The ram construction is
double-acting, and can be used both for
producing a compaction stroke and a return
stroke in the packer blade.
US-0710
Dow, R. A. Refuse disposal and general
truck bed. U.S. 3,083,851; filed July 28,
1961; issued Apr. 2, 1963.

A bed is tiltably mounted on the rear
portion of a truck frame. The bed is
provided with an extension at the rear
end portion in which packer means are
mounted. The packer device closes most
of the rear end oi the bed so that all
refuse deposited will be moved when the
packer operates. Two booms are pivotally
mounted between the bed and a bucket, which,
when positioned near the ground, can be
filled with refuse which it then conveys
to a position above and forward of the
packer. When the refuse is deposited, it
can be moved by the packer. An axle,
rotatably mounted to the bottom of the bed
and connected to a slide from the power
42
means, connects to the booms. When the
axle moves, the booms are raised or lowered,
raising or lowering the bucket
simultaneously. The extension of the bed,
the booms and the packer can be released
from the bed in such a way that these
structures are elevated by force from the
axle to the height of the upper portion
of the bed, and the rear end of the bed
is opened for dumping. The forward part of
the bed can be released from the truck
frame, and the slide member locked to
prevent further rearward movement. The
entire bed can then be; caused to tilt
about its mounting on the frame, causing
the refuse inside to fall out. The bed,
since it is sealed and tilts upward in the
rear, does not allow liquids to be lost
accidently.
US 0711
Ferrari, W. A., and 0. M. Anderson.
Refuse vehicle with load-compacting and
unloading mechanism. U.S. 3,161,305;
filed Jan. 9, 1962; issued Dec. 15, 1964.

A refuse-handling vehicle has doors at its
rear end and a loading opening at its front
end. An upright packer device is movably
mounted in the body for longitudinal movement
within it. The packer allows loading of refuse
312
-------
into the body through an opening behind the
packer, and can also move beyond the rear
end of the truck to unload refuse. The
packer can also move along inside the
truck body, by means of horizontally
disposed, axially aligned pressure
cylinders in the body in front of the
packer. All of the force exerted by the
hydraulic mechanism is applied in the
direction of compaction of the refuse in
the vehicle. In this way, the material
may be compressed in successive increments
as it is loaded, and it may be quickly and
completely discharged on unloading, without
tilting the body of the vehicle.
US 0712
Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Refuse-
collecting and transporting vehicle. U.S.
3,220,586; filed Aug. 26, 1963; issued
Nov. 30, 1965.
In a refuse-collecting and transporting
vehicle, there is a body in which refuse can
be compacted. The tailgate housing has a
hopper for the reception of a batch of
refuse. There is a transfer device which
can be advanced to transfer the batch of
refuse which has been deposited in the
hopper into the rear end of the body. It is
also retractable into a position to transfer
another batch of refuse. A device is
provided for advancing and retracting the
transfer device. There is a partition in
front of the transfer device, which can be
moved forward and backward in the body.
The partition is prevented from being moved
forward while the transfer device is being
advanced by another mechanism. There is a
further mechanism conditioned by the
position of the transfer device for
automatically moving the partition forward
after the device has started to retract,
and before it has started to advance,
US 0713
Weir, J. F. (M-B Corporation), Refuse
collection and packer body. U.S.
3,232,463; filed June A, 1962; issued Feb.
1, 1966.

This front-loading collection and packer
body includes a collection receptacle having
a loading opening in an upper portion of its
front end, a hopper at the front end, a load
lifting plate, and a packer plate. The load-
lifting plate lifts refuse deposited in the
hopper and the packer plate sweeps the
refuse from the lifting plate into the
collection receptacle through a loading
opening. In this invention, the body is
free for dumping through its open end and
the heavy loading mechanism offsets the
weight of the refuse during dumping. This
prevents the possibility of upsetting the
vehicle during dumping. The loading of the
container portion is accomplished through a
loading opening which is so located as to
obtain the benefits of gravity while
depositing refuse. It also minimizes the
tendency for the refuse to fall back into
the refuse hopper.
US-0714
Herpich, W. A., G. W. Palmer, and J. G.
Sand (Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.),
Refuse-collecting vehicle. U.S.
3,233,760; filed Mar. 12, 1964; issued
Feb. 8, 1966.

This refuse-collecting vehicle has a body
and a tailgate hinged to the rear end of the
body at the top. The tailgate moves between
a lowered and an elevated position adjacent
to the rear end of the body. The tailgate
has vertical sidewalls. There is a refuse-
collecting hopper in the bottom of the
tailgate. A vertically-extending packer
blade is located in the tailgate and extends
across the tailgate between the sidewalls.
313
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
A vertical guide track is positioned in each
of the sidewalls, and the two are parallel
to each other. The upper part of the packer
blade is engaged in the tracks for guiding
the blade for vertical movement in the
tracks and for pivotal movement of the
blade relative to the upper part during
this movement. Means are provided in the
tailgate for guiding the movement of the
lower end of the packer blade through a
closed path from a front position with the
upper end at a higher vertical level and
the lower end of the blade lying across the
rear end of the body. The blade then moves
backward over refuse in the hopper, then
downward behind the refuse and then forward
through the hopper to the first position for
moving refuse out of the hopper into the
body. There is a mechanism located above
the closed path and engaging the upper end
of the packer blade. This is effective for
preventing downward movement of the packer
blade at the beginning of a rearward
movement of the blade from the front
position. A power device is connected
between the upper rear end of the body
and a point on the packer blade between
the upper and lower ends. This moves the
blade to the rear and also forward in the
tailgate.
US 0715
Herpich, W. A., and G. W. Palmer
(Hercules Gallon Products, Inc.), Refuse-
collecting vehicle. U.S. 3,280,994;
filed Oct. 29, 1965; issued Oct. 25, 1966.

A refuse-collecting vehicle body includes
a pivotal tailgate having a loading
hopper with parallel sidewalls. There
is an access opening at the rear of the
hopper, and an opening into the body at
the front of the hopper. A packer blade
extends across the hopper between the
sidewalls for moving refuse from the
hopper into the body. There is a pair of
parallel, opposed guide tracks, one in each
sidewall. Guides on the sides of the
packer blade are engaged with the guide
tracks. There is a pair of parallel,
opposed guide links, each of which has two
free ends. The first end of each may be
nounted to one of the hopper sidewalls
above the guide tracks in the upper rear
quadrant of the hopper. The other free
ends of the guide links are each
pivotally mounted to the packer blade.
The guide tracks and guide links are
effective for guiding the movement of
the bottom edge of the packer blade
through a closed path from a position
adjacent to the rear end of the body,
rearward over refuse in the hopper,
then down behind the refuse, then
forward through the hopper to the first
position for moving refuse out of the
hopper into the body. Means are provided
for preventing downward movement of the
packer blade at the beginning of a
movement to the rear of the packer blade
from the first position. A power mechanism
is connected to the packer blade for
moving it.
US-0716
Park, G. S., and R. R. Szaj (The Heil
Company), Refuse bodies. U.S. 3,297,180;
filed Feb. 23, 1965; issued Jan. 10, 1967.

In this refuse body, the scraper-packer
plate makes its return movement in an
elevated position so that material can
be dumped substantially continuously
into the tailgate withojt waiting for a
cycle of the packer plate to be completed.
All of the operating mechanisms for this
scraper-packer plate are external, and
therefore out of the refuse. A novel means
is provided for stopping the downward
movement of the side booms or lifts
314
-------
whenever an unusual obstruction Is
encountered. This leaves a sufficient
gap between the lower edge of the
scraper-packer plate and the bottom of
the tailgate which permits the swinging
operation of the scraper plate to occur
and continue without loss of time and
without breakage or distortion of parts.
Rapid and effective compression and
package are also characteristics of this
invention.
US-0717
Terho, M. J. Refuse vehicle. U.S.
3,319,810; filed Apr. 8, 1965; issued
May 16, 1967.

This refuse vehicle compresses rubbish
compactly into a small space in the
rubbish tank of the body. The loading is
automatic, requiring fewer men for the
total operation. Besides a savings in
costs, this vehicle is hygienic in that
odors and the possibility of rubbish
IS 17 K IS
floor of the truck in crushing the refuse
and moving it into the body of the vehicle.
The device consists of a hollow, rotatably
cylindrical roller mounted on axle studs,
means for rotating the roller, and an axle.
The axis of this axle is stationary in
respect to the studs, but parallel to the
axis of the roller. Slidable arms are
rotatably mounted side by side on the axle
and extend at right angles through openings
in the periphery of the roller. When the
roller rotates, the arms move in and out
through their respective openings in the
roller surface. A hydraulic power means
is employed for dumping, once the vehicle
is filled.
US-0718
Gollnick, C. R. (Leach Company), Refuse
vehicle. U.S. 3,348,708; filed
July 13, 1965; issued Oct. 24, 1967.
flying about are eliminated. The packing
and crushing device cooperates with the
A vehicle includes a storage body and an
adjacent loading hopper, and provides means
for transferring the refuse from the loading
hopper into the storage body and for
compacting the refuse within the body. The
loading hopper has a curved bottom portion
joining with the floor of the storage body.
A single packer plate moves through a cycle
for forcing refuse in the hopper into the
storage body. This plate mounts a pair of
sliding pivots at respective side edges.
The pivots are received in inclined guide
tracks mounted to hopper walls. Each
cylinder therefore of a first and second
pair of fluid-operated cylinders has one
end pivoted to the hopper and the other
315
-------
Refuse Collection Vehicles
end pivoted to the plate in specific
places, A directional control valve
mechanism operates these cylinders for
moving the packer plate through its cycle
of operation. A hopper door mechanism
is mounted by an overcenter linkage
mechanism for counterbalancing the
weight of the hopper door. A cable
connects the hopper door with the packer
plate to insure automatic closing when
the packer plate moves to force refuse
from the hopper to the storage body.
US-0719
Morrison, G. W. (Western Body and Hoist
Company, Inc.), Trash hauling truck. U.S.
3,351,222; filed Aug. 9, 1965; issued
Nov. 7, 1967.

A self-loading trash hauling truck features
a short coupled wheel base located to the
rear of the engine, the loader, and the
crew compartment. This device has a
power-operated loading device pivotally
supported on its front end with operating
linkages clear of the entrance to
the crew compartment. Mounted on the
chassis is any suitable form of trash
storage chamber. It may be pivotally
connected crosswise of the rear end of
the chassis to be tilted for dumping,
though this is not requisite due to a
downward inclined portion within the body
which can be employed for similar
purposes. The self-loading device for
elevating trash into the top of the
hopper comprises a pair of operating
linkages controlled by a hydraulic
cylinder. A powerful ram js used to
push the entire contents of the chamber
to the rear during the dumping operation.
US-0720
Nelson, A. W. Refuse truck.
U.S. 3,355,044; filed Mar. 25, 1965;
issued Nov. 28, 1967.

An improved loading and compacting means
is provided for refuse trucks. Compaction
occurs in a tailgate hopper loaded with
refuse charges. From tne hopper, the
charge may be transferred into the hollow
interior of the truck body. When the
truck body of the refuse vehicle is
loaded with compacted refuse charges, the
tailgate hopper is retracted to open
the rear-end opening of the truck body,
and the charges are discharged. The
hopper is provided with pivot hinges
to allow it to swing upward. It is
adapted for side loading, and for this
purpose, each of the end walls possesses
a loading opening closed by a hinged
cover. An elevating platform, which can
be raised or lowered, is located within
the hopper. The hopper is also provided
with a compacting mechanism. These two
mechanisms work in conjunction to load
and compact the refuse before discharge
into the body, and effect final discharge
at a suitable location.
US-0721
Evans, E. Compactor for refuse collection.
U.S. 3,366,255; filed Oct. 24, 1965;
issued Jan. 30, 1968.

This compactor is designed to be used with
refuse collection vehicles. It is mounted
on a carriage provided within a truck body
for reciprocal movement by hydraulic means
toward and away from the rear wall of the
refuse compartment. Collectors fill the
refuse compartment through side openings.
316
-------
As the refuse builds up, personnel inside
the cab operate controls which move the
piston and packing plate to the rear. This
causes the refuse material to be compacted
body with self-loading mechanism.
3,370,525; filed Sept. 24, 1965;
issued Feb. 27, 1968.
U.S.
/7
5
»A
_J

:i;
FIG 2
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r'H
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against the rear wall of the refuse
compartment. The packing plate can be
returned to its original position by
means of a reverse switch. The operating
parts are shielded from the refuse by a
movable and a fixed cover plate.
US-0722
Bowles, S. V. Interchangeable refuse truck
A refuse truck body of the interchangeable
type embodies a self-loading mechanism.
This device efficiently employs all
available space and keeps refuse from
spilling out of an open top. At the
collection site, refuse is dumped through
a top opening of the loading compartment.
At any convenient time, a loading mechanism
is actuated to pack the refuse into a
storage compartment. A timer may be
adjusted for this operation to occur for
predetermined time periods at periodic
intervals. Refuse in the space between a
packing blade and a passage will be pushed
along the floor and -through the passage
into a storage compartment. As the blade
returns to its original position, more
refuse falls in preparation for the next
packing stroke. Compaction occurs during
the pushing, as well as by means of
accumulating more and more refuse in the
storage area. Since the compartment is
closed, no danger of spilling is present.
Once the storage compartment is filled to
capacity, the loading compartment may also
be employed for refuse storage. By virtue
of wheels and facilitated by rollers, the
body can now be transported to the dump,
having been loaded on a truck.
317
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
US-0723
Palmer, G. W., R. C. Cast, and R. E.
Bartholomew (Hercules Gallon Products,
Inc.), Refuse-collecting vehicle. U.S.
3,402,837; filed Sept. 12, 1966; issued
Sept. 24, 1968.

This refuse packer is equipped with a
movable platen which is positioned across
the hollow body of the truck. A hopper
/3
34
at the rear of the truck receives the
refuse, and a packer blade transfers the
refuse into the rear of the body. Each
time the packer blade is energized the
ejection platen moves forward thereby
enlarging the space into which the
garbage is compacted. The tailgate of
the packer can be swung open so that the
accumulated load of refuse can be ejected
at a city dump or other location.
US-0724
McCarthy, J. (Gar Wood Industries, Inc.),
Refuse packing system. U.S. 3,410,427;
filed Dec. 27, 1965; issued Nov. 12, 1968.

This refuse packer compacts successive
batches of refuse against a longitudinally
movable panel within the refuse storage
compartment. The compaction process is
automatically controlled so that as the
volume of refuse in the storage compartment
increases, maximum pressure will be applied
to each load of refuse. The hydraulic motor
regulates the compacting force as it senses
changes in the level oi fluid input.
U.S. 3,419,167; filed May 31, 1966; issued
Dec. 31, 1968.

The floor of this refuse packer's body is
sloped in order to facilitate the packing
of the refuse into a solid mass. Beginning
at the forward loading compartment, the
floor slants down until it reaches the gate
where it slopes up and to the rear. At the
rear end of the packing mechanism the floor
slants down again until it levels off and
remains level to the reiar end of the
storage compartment. Since the floor is
slanted, the refuse as it climbs the ramp
is rolled, and thereby prevented from
falling forward. The material comprising
the refuse rolls together, which simplifies
loading.
US-0725
Rosoia, H. P. Refuse packer construction.
Brisson, J. R. (Lodal Incorporated),
Refuse collection. U.S. 3,451,571; filed
Sept. 27, 1967; issued June 24, 1969.
318
-------
A refuse collection vehicle has a cab with
interconnected dual steering wheels. An
assembly comprising the engine, radiator,
transmission, and bumper is slideably
Off
C/u.J.
removable forward as a unit from the
chassis frame. A hopper forms a portion
of the vehicle and a compaction plate i
slides rearward througli the hopper to push
refuse into an opening in a refuse container.
The container is movable onto and off the
rear end of the vehicle, and has rollers
and/or skid shoes which ride on inclined
rails on the vehicle. Detachable link bars
connect the platen with the container, and
platen movement moves the container. A
channel and bolt mechanism locks the
container in place. The vehicle receives,
compacts, and stores refuse. The container
is loaded onto the vehicle or removed from
it by a power system contained on the
vehicle itself.
US-0727
Nelson, A. W. Refuse truck. U.S.
3,454,174; filed Aug. 24, 1966; issued
July 8, 1969.

A compact, space-saving actuating device is
provided for actuating compacting elements
of refuse trucks. In a refuse truck
consisting of a chassis, a cab, and a refuse
storage body having an open end mounted on
the rear end of the chassis, and a tailgate
hopper, the movable refuse-compacting
element in the hopper is actuated by a
lazytongs linkage system having forward and
rearward ends. The rearward end is connected
to the compacting element and the forward
end is connected to the truck. The
hydraulically-operated piston adapted to
impart motion to the linkage system is
translated into forward or rearward motion
of the compacting element. The lazytongs
system is of a pantograph type of linkage
system including long linkage members and
short members so connected by means of a
#i
number of pivots that the linkage system is
extensible to a maximum length equal to the
combined length of two of its long members
and is retractable to a minimum length equal
to the length of one of its short members.
US-0728
Merther, K. L. (Eagle Engineering Company,
Ltd.), Refuse-collecting vehicles. U.S.
3,455,471; filed Apr. 17, 1967; issued
July 15, 1969.
A refuse collection vehicle body consists
of a collection chamber and a refuse
depository having a floor disposed
rearward from the collection chamber. A
dependent arm is swingably mounted on the
body. A power source is connected to swing
the arm. A compression device is pivotally
mounted on the ami above the floor and
extends rearward from the pivot. A motion-
transmitting mechanism extends between a
second power source and the compression
member. The compression member may be
319
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Refuse Collection Vehicles
swung relative to the arm device to crush
refuse on the floor and may move with the
swinging of the arm device to displace
crushed refuse into the collection chamber.
US-0730
Balbi, V. L. Paper scrap pickup and baling
machine. U.S. 3,467,001; filed Oct. 16, 1967;
issued Sept. 16, 1969.
US-0729
Weir, J. F. (R. B. Evans), Refuse packer
body. U.S. 3,462,031; filed Aug. 3, 1967;
issued Aug. 19, 1969.

A packer body is mounted on a mobile chassis.
It includes a container divided into an open
forward loading compartment and a rear
storage compartment having a discharge
opening at the end of the container which
is normally closed by a door. A bucket is
1'ivotally mounted in the loading compartment
and is movable by a hydraulic cylinder
operating on a toggle linkage to shift the
bucket between a lower position in which it
receives refuse and an upper dumping
position. A packer plate is pivotally
supported in the container and is movable
through an arc from a normal position closing
the passage between the storage and loading
compartments to an upper position and then
downward back to its normal position to sweep
refuse from the bucket into the storage
compartment and to compact refuse. Such
movement of the packer plate is
accomplished by a hydraulic cylinder
working on a toggle linkage. The packer
plate is further movable into and through
the storage compartment to discharge refuse
through the discharge opening. This
movement is accomplished by a further
hydraulic cylinder which shifts the mounting
of the hydraulic cylinder that operates the
packer plate linkage. A safety door for the
loading end must be closed to permit a
hydraulic control system to function to
operate the hydraulic cylinders. The packer
body is adapted to be mounted on a mobile
chassis for in-plant collection, compaction,
storage, and disposal of refuse.
A truck is provided with means by which
scrap material may be picked up at curb side
from retail stores and conveniently formed
into small bales. This will result in a
considerable reduction in the size of the
truck load. The overhanging refuse
receiving and baling device at the rear end
of the truck has a vertically extending
rectangular refuse-accommodating chamber, a
refuse-compacting member, hydraulic power
means for operating the compactor, a
horizontally extending rectangular refuse-
accommodating chamber having an opening in
communication with the vertically extending
chamber and a rectangular piston mounted in
the horizontal chamber having a skirted
length sufficient to form a bulkhead at the
upper end of the chamber. The refuse in the
vertical chamber is pressed into a tight
bale upon the initial operation of the
compactor and the bale is moved
into the horizontal chamber and finally
discharged. Water-spraying nozzles at the
upper end of the vertical chamber wet the
refuse as it is being compacted.
US-0731
Jones, C. E., and W. C. Henry (C. E.
Jones, W. C. Henry, and Thru-Way Equipment
Company), Refuse collection vehicle. U.S.
3,476,273; filed July 26, 1967; issued Nov. 4,
1969.

A refuse collection vehicle has a packer in
its body and control means responsive to
transmission speed selection which enables
actuation of the packer when the speed
320
-------
selector of the vehicle transmission is set
in neutral or high drive range position.
When the packer is operated with the
transmission in neutral, the control
mechanism causes engine speed-up so that
adequate pressure is available to the packer.
The danger of excessive hydraulic pressure
is eliminated by permitting operation of the
packer only when the transmission is in
ranges where engine speed is not so high as
to drive the hydraulic pump to overload.
US-0732
O'Brien, A. J., and J. McCarthy (Gar Wood
Industries, Inc.), Refuse vehicle. U.S.
3,486,646; filed Oct. 19, 1965; issued
Dec, 30, 1969.
lTf)P
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This refuse vehicle transports a maximum
volume of refuse in a minimum overall size.
This vehicle has a refuse compartment which
does not comprise a separately mounted
chamber; the storage compartment is formed
without any separate reinforcing frame. The
vehicle has a front-wheel drive system,
thereby eliminating the need for a drive
shaft. A refuse ejector is positioned inside
the refuse compartment uhere a pair of guide
rails reinforce the sheet metal walls of the
compartment. Since the engine is placed next
to the driver's cab, the storage capacity of
the vehicle is increased. A passenger
compartment is located behind the driver's
cab which accommodates helpers. This vehicle
can be adapted for vehicles which dump
refuse by tilting the refuse chamber.
SEPARATION
US-0733
Nilsson, A. E. Separator for dust or other solid
impurities. U.S. 2,396,526; filed Sept. 14,
1943; issued Mar. 12, 1946.
A device separates dust or othe" solid
impurities from a gaseous or vaporous medium
by treatment with a liquid. The separator
321
-------
Separation
consists of a container which receives the
liquid and the gas or vapor through an
opening in its upper end. The liquid passes
through the separator with a falling motion
while the gas or vapor is sucked through the
separator by fan wheels arranged under one
another in the center of the container. During
their rotation, the wheels atomize or finely
diffuse the liquid, fling it outward, and mix
it with the gas or vapor. After each such
projection, the media are returned to the
center of the separator by collecting funnels
arranged under the fan wheels. By causing the
washing liquid to circulate and by supplying
the separator with sufficient liquid for
removal of the separated dust, the separating
effect can be further enhanced and the total
consumption of liquid reduced.
tailings losses in such operations. A better
separation of the valuable constituents of ores
can thus be obtained.
US-0734
McNeill, H. L. Specific gravity separation of
solids in liquid suspension. U.S. 2,422,203;
filed Oct. 12, 1942; issued June 17, 1947.
FINAL PRODUCT
TO
SUBSEQUENT
TREATMENT
Sink and float methods of separating solids
of a pulp according to size or specific gravity
are provided. With proper arrangement and
control of centrifugal movement of mixed
solids in liquids, it is possible to effect
a clean and distinct separation. Sink and
float separations can be accomplished without
introducing heavy media into the treatment,
and apparatus which it, applicable to existing
milling equipment can be used. Capacity of
existing plants is increased while reducing
US-0735
Lyall, J. D. (Armstrong Cork Company),
Method of treating liquid slurries to separate
fibers from heavier particles. U.S. 2,450,901;
filed Apr. 30, 1943; issued Oct. 12, 1948.
5 s
Liquid slurry containing fibers and undesirable
heavier particles is treated. A substantial
portion of the solids of the slurry have a
tendency to settle out on their own. A
circulatory movement within the body of slurry
is established in a generally upward and
downward direction by injecting a stream of air
downwardly into the slurry. The upwardly
moving portion of the slurry is kept separate
from the downward moving portion in a zone
spaced from and above the point of air injection.
The upward moving portion of the slurry is
accelerated with respect to the downward
moving portion in this zone. This effects a
turbulent motion within the confined portion.
The movement of the slurry is adjusted to draw
the desired fibers out of their downward travel
and into the upward moving portion of the slurry
where the fibers are separated by the turbulent
movement. The accelerated movement of the
upwardly directed portion of the slurry is
insufficient to draw the undesirable heavier
particles out of the downwardly moving
portion whereby the heavier particles are
settled out and the desirable fibers are
maintained in suspension within the slurry.
322
-------
US-0736
Freed, E. A. Scrap separator for materials
conveyor. U.S. 2,455,750; filed Apr. 3, 1944;
issued Dec. 7, 1948.

This conveyor comprises a tubular conduit,
within which is a propelling device, such as
an auger, for conveying stoker coal, grain, or
other similar solids. A separator is provided
for removing from the fluent solids any large
infrangible objects which would be likely to
damage the conveyor. The invention may be
applied to a stoker in a coal-burning furnace.
It eliminates any obstructing object before
jamming takes place and deposits the object
safely in a receptacle. A device is responsive
to movement of the auger to positively urge
the object from a position above the conveyor
to a position beneath the latter.
US-0737
Schneible, C. B., and A. S. Lundy (C. B.
Schneible), Collection and separating apparatus.
U.S. 2,474,695; filed Mar. 23, 1946; issued
June 28, 1949.

A casing provides a closed separation chamber.
Also included is a high-velocity fluid duct
having an elbow bend and with a cutaway heel
portion communicating with the chamber. ,There
are a number of curved rods extending
longitudinally along the opening spaced
laterally apart. These provide spaced passages
extending along the elbow portion between the
duct and the chamber. In operation, the fluid
is drawn at high velocity through the duct and
discharged through the outlet of the duct.
The change of direction of the air current causes
the heavy particles to continue toward the
cutaway heel portions and there, the rods are
effective in the separation of the particles
or heavier fluid while, at the same time,
greatly reducing the frictional resistance or
back pressure which would otherwise be present.
The rods are effective in maintaining particles
which have already escaped in the chamber from
finding their way back into the duct.
US-0738
Seaver, J. J. Means for separating solids
from exhaust gases of open-hearth furnaces.
U.S. 2,640,692; filed Mar. 15, 1950; issued
June 2, 1953.
S3
This open-hearth furnace comprises a multiple
burner device in connection with a novel hearth
323
-------
Separation
roof structure, and a means for deflecting the
exhaust gases on their path from the hearth
bath to a regeneration chamber. This last
operation is accomplished by way of a slag
chamber in a manner that solids entrained in
the exhaust gases are effectively deposited
in the sJag chamber for periodic removal prior
to reversal of an operating cycle. These
solids are thrust downward by inertia to
become deposited on the floor of the slag
chamber.
US-0739
Maestas, T. E. (T. E. Maestas, and
Doenges-Long Motors, Inc.), Separation of
metallic from nonmetallic particles. U.S.
2,689,648; filed Feb. 18, 1952; issued Sept. 21,
1954. 3

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non-metallic particles which do so respond.
After this has been accomplished, a mechanical
separation of the resultant layers of the types
of particles occurs. Segregation is possible
regardless of the density and size of the
particles. A mass of particles is moved upon
a carrier having high dielectric strength
through an electrostatic field of alternating
potential for a substantial distance in order
to achieve the objectives. The intensity of
this electrostatic field raay be regulated. In
this field, the metallic particles remain at
rest, while the non-metallic particles will
vibrate.
US-0740
Woodruff, M. D. (The Bauer Brothers Company),
Apparatus for separating solids from a liquid
suspension. U.S. 2,809,567; filed Sept. 16,
1953; issued Oct. 15, 1957.
This device segregates and concentrates by
stratification metallic particles which do
not respond to electrostatic charges from
324
-------
This pulp separation apparatus removes desirable
wood fibers from a liquid pulp suspension in
a cone-type separator. The efficiency of the.
cleaners is improved so that the wood fibers
are discharged in a separated form. The
principle of water injection in pulp cleaners
is employed for supplemental or better fiber
separation. Water under pressure may be
injected into the flowing liquid pulp material
to cause a radial squeezing or compression.
The cone-shaped separator has the liquid suspension
inlet near its large end. It is arranged for
tangential discharge so that the liquid
suspension flows in a helical path along the
wall of the separator towards the small end.
The flow induces a concentric counterflow
entraining the solids.
US-0741
Meisel, G. M., and H. P. Kautz (The Mine and
Smelter Supply Company), Heavy media separator. U.S.
2,868,376; filed July 9, 1954; issued Jan. 13, 1959.

This separating device has a tank with an
inclined bottom, an overflow for fines or
float, an elevated discharge foi sink or
coarse rake products, and a spiral conveyor
for agitating the pulp and raking the sink out
of the tank. Such classifiers are often used
to segregate a mass of grains or ores of
mixed sizes and/or specific gravities into
various grades or sizes. Various density
fractions of the feed are separated, including
a heavy or sink fraction, middling fraction,
and light or float fraction.
^^SK^W!'
US-0742
Gillette, S. G. (Los Angeles By-Products
Company), Apparatus for extracting magnetic
objects from rubbish. U.S. 2,964,184; filed
Jan. 3, 1958; issued Dec. 13, 1960.

This apparatus is used to extract magnetic
objects from rubbish. Rubbish containing
metal objects is introduced into a cylindrical
container. The cylinder revolves with
sufficient velocity to throw the rubbish
toward its center. While in free flight, the
rubbish falls onto a belt which passes around
and under a magnet drum. Magnetic objects are
retained on the belt and the remaining rubbish
falls free. The magnetic objects are
subsequently stripped from the belt and deposited
on a conveyor for separate discharge from the
cylinder.
325
-------
Separation
US0743
Slavicb, M. (United States Gypsum Company),
Method and apparatus for cleaning wood chips.
U.S. 3,042,198; filed Feb. 4, 1959; issued
July 3, 1962.

A process for removing waste material from wood
chips comprises passing the chips containing
waste over a series of spaced parallel disposed
riffles. These riffles are inclined at an acute
angle in the direction of flow, while the
chips are suspended in a liquid moving at a
high velocity and uniformly over the riffles.
This liquid has a density greater than that of
the wood chips but less than that of the waste.
Thus the waste collects at the base of the
riffles and the chips pass over the riffles.
The chips are removed (all except a portion of
the smaller ones) from the liquid, and at least
a portion of the liquid containing the smaller
chips is recirculated over the riffles for ultimate
entrainment with the larger chips being removed.
US-0744
Lohstoeter, J. E., and J. L. Young (Scientism
Laboratories) , Apparatus for dewatering and
dehydrating slimes and the like. U.S.
TO CONDCNSER
3,348,599; filed Apr. 3, 1964; issued Oct. 24,
1967.

A method and apparatus are provided for
dewatering and converting a liquid-containing
refuse material into a useful product. A
liquid-containing waste material, such as slime,
clay, or sludge, is fed by a hopper into a
tube. It is discharged from the tube and
passes through a disc which has a number of
extruding holes. The material is discharged
from the disc in the form of a number of
ribbons. These spaghetti-like ribbons are put
in the path of a charge of superheated steam
coming from a tube nearby. The material is
completely dried and ready for any further
method of utilization, purification, or
modification.
US4745
Farr, R. S. (Farr Company), Dust-separating
device. U.S. 3,369,349; filed Feb. 28, 1964;
issued Feb. 20, 1968.

This dust separator and collector operates by
inertial separation a;tion. The device consists
326
-------
of 10 separate V-shaped separating cells
positioned side-by-side within a housing. Each
cell has two panels of U-shaped vanes which
form direction-reversing passageways. Each
vane has a slightly diverging skirt or end
portion and integral spacer tabs formed in the
skirt portions to engage and space each vane
from the next vane. The dust-laden incoming air
flows in through the inlet opening toward the
narrow part of the V-shaped cell. Most of this
air passes out as clean air due to the inertia
of the dust particles which prevent them from
turning in the upstream direction.
US-0746
Peuschel, G. K. (Kali-Chemie A.G.),
Electrostatic separation process and conditioning
compositions therefor. U.S. 3,388,794; filed
Apr. 14, 1964; issued June 18, 1968.
This process involves the application of a
chemical conditioning agent deposited on a
suitable carrier material to the granular
solid material to be separated. The carriers
are inorganic and organic materials of an
inherent large specific area such as:
diatomaceous earth, kieselguhr, synthetic
silicic acids, calcium silicate, aluminum
silicate, or other silicates. The conditioning
agent is deposited on a solid carrier material
with a surface area of at least 10 sq m per g,
the amount of carrier material in the composition
being at least twice the amount of the
conditioning agent in it, to effect good
distribution of the composition. The
preconditioning and separation are carried
out at a temperature between 20 to 50 C. The
conditioning composition is applied in
amounts between 50 g to 5,000 g per ton of
mixture, or in amounts between 200 g to 1,000 g
per ton of mixture. The process is applicable
to water-soluble as well as to water-insoluble
minerals to be separated electrostatically.
US-0747
Anderson, G. R. (FMC Corporation) , Protecting
sorting device optics. U.S. 3,389,792; filed
Nov. 25, 1966; issued June 25, 1968.
'327
-------
Separation
A high-speed rotary optical head scans a
multi-channel ring of freely falling articles
(e.g., rice, pellets of molding plastic, glass)
for color. As each grain falls across the
inspection zone jt is illuminated, and a
rotatable, optical scanner sequentially
receives the light reflected from each grain
and transmits the reflected light to a
photosensitive unit. The latter translates
the nature of the light reflected from the
grain into a reject signal for each dark grain.
The reject signal operates an air valve at the
dark grain, which turns on a reject air nozzle.
This emits a jet of air that blo';s the dark
grain from its normal, falling path into a
diverted path for dropping into a reject
trough.
US-0748
Miyata, S. Magnetic separator. U.S. 3,389,795;
filed Apr. 12, 1965; issued June 25, 1968.
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A magnetic device is designed for removing
ferromagnetic particles from fluent material
with which they are in contact. It comprises
a surface having zones of strong magnetic flux
in the form of a cylinder having a series of
longitudinally spaced permanent magnets upon
its periphery. These magnets are of like
poles, and are magnetized in the direction of
the magnets, thicknesses, and are arranged with
their faces of greatest surface areas in planes
normal to the surface. The arrays of magnets
comprise at least two concentric radially
spaced annuli, each comprising a number of
circumferentially spaced magnets, and a shaft
for rotatably mounting on the cylinder.
US-0749
Imadate, H. (Toa Electric Company), Particle-
counting device including fluid conducting means
breaking up particle clusters. U.S. 3,390,326;
filed Apr. 11, 1967; issued June 25, 1968.
The invention provides a novel and improved
method and apparatus for the detection and
counting of particles carried by a medium
(liquid or gaseous), conductive or insulating.
In the case of mediums carrying particles of
different types, it is possible, with this
invention, to count the particles of different
types by detecting the different capacitative
effects of the different types of particles.
The different types of particles can thus be
classified and the concentration of individual
particles in a solution can be determined. The
device features: a tubular conducting means
with an opening extending through it whose
diameter is greater than that of the individual
particles; and a hollo*; fluid cylinder of
substantial volume compared with the size of
the particles, and of larger diameter than the
diameter of the opening. Clusters of
particles in the solution are broken up, and
the solution is agitated and then conducted
through a narrow tubular member where the
particles can be counted by the change in
capacitance as the particles move through.
US-0750
Fritz, L. , and R. Fritz (Steinert
Elektromagnetbrau), Magnetic separating
apparatus. U.S. 3,394,807; filed Dec. 15,
1965; issued July 30, 1968.

A magnetic separating apparatus includes a
mechanism for producing a primary magnetic
field. A separator includes a magnetizable
body permeated by the primary magnetic
field. There are also a number of flux
generating elements, either windings or
328
-------
permanent magnets, mounted on the magnetizable
body for producing a number of secondary
magnetic fields superimposed on the primary
magnetic field so that in axial direction of
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the separator device, variations of the
magnetic potential and flux intensity are
produced. Either the magnetizable body, or a
drum surrounding the body, is rotated so that
the magnetic components of a substance passing
the separator device are attracted by successive
surface portions of the device.
US-0751
Ruegg, R. (Escher Wyss A.G.), Scatter-type
pneumatic sifter. U.S. 3,395,796; filed Aug. 8,
1966; issued Aug. 6, 1968.
A scatter-type pneumatic sifter or separator
includes a scattering space enclosed by an inner
housing and containing a rotary scattering plate
ar!d a selector wheel. An outer housing
defines a separating chamber which surrounds
the scattering space. The uppermost regions
of the scattering space and the separating
chamber communicate through an annular zone
which contains a fan wheel. The lower regions
of the separating chamber and the scattering
space are formed as hoppers and are interconnected
by a controlled air flow passage. A number
of circumferentially spaced guide blades is
provided and each is rotatabJe about an axis
radial to the axis of rotation of the scattering
plate. The guide blades lie beneath the
selector wheel. Adjustment of the guide
blades permits control of the degree of
fineness of the separated material.
US-O752
Haw, S, G. (Banister Corporation), Magnetic
separation method and construction. U.S.
3,395,797; filed Mar. 24, 1966; issued Aug. 6,
1968.

Metallic impurities are separated from
powdered plastic materials or other similar
finely divided substances by forming a
fluidized bed of comminuted magnctic-particle-
impurity-containing plastic material. This
method requires a magnet device having
magnetized surfaces extending within the
fluidized bed. The fluidized material is
flowed past the magnetized surfaces and
through magnetic fields permitting magnetic
metallic particles to flow freely and deposit
on the magnetic surfaces. The magnet device
is removed from the fluidized bed from time to
time and the particles are removed from the
magnet.
US-0753
Hurst, T. B., and R. G. Winklepleck (Babcock
and Wilcox Company), Gas-cleaning system. U.S.
3,396,514; filed Nov. 7, 1966; issued Aug. 13,
1968.

A wet scrubber of the venturi type is utilized
for final dust removal from furnace gases to
minimize atmospheric pollution. An pvaporative
-------
Separation
gas-cooling device or quencher is used to not
only reduce gas temperature to saturation, but
also to remove at least the larger particles of
the dust entrained with the gases. With the
larger dust particles removed in the quencher
and with final dust removal occurring in the
venturi scrubber, the dust and liquid are
separated from the gases following the quencher
and the scrubber with the slurry treated to
separately reclaim water and solids. The
water flow circuit includes a series of
retention settling tanks and a thickener so as
to minimize the amount of water treated in
the thickener. The flow of water to the
quencher is kept at a substantially constant
volume. The supply of water to the scrubber
is obtained from a tank which accumulates all
of the water from the various water collection
points of the system. The water delivered to
the scrubber has less than 5,000 ppm of solids
so as to minimize pluggage of its spray nozzles.
US 0754
Dea, S. J. Method of dewatering sewage sludge.
U.S. 3,397,140; filed Dec. 5, 1966; issued
Aug. 13, 1968.

Both primary and secondary sludges are
removed by a single treatment process. A
batch of sludge is maintained in a closed
space and gas is permitted to be generated by
the sludge or gas is introduced into the
space. The gas acts to float solids to the
top of the mass, compress the floated solids
into a cake, and squeeze residual liquid from
the cake. The pressure generated within the
tank can be used to drive the compressed
solids through a passage provided in the top
of the tank after all the batches of sludge
have been treated. If the process is carried
PRESSURE
INDICATOR
-27
out at a relatively low ambient temperature, on
the order of 40 F, a sludge mass of the order
of 95 percent will produce a solids cake
having a moisture content of the order of 70
percent if it is allowed to remain in the tank
for about 48 hours. The time can be reduced
if the process is carried out at an elevated
temperature.
US 0755
Sontheimer, H., and A. J. Fischer (Fuller
Company), Method for thickening sludge. U.S.
3,397,143; filed June 28, 1966; issued Aug. 13,
1968.

Municipal or industrial sludges, including
activated and primary sewage sludge, as well
as anaerobically digested sludges or a mixture
of any of these sludges, may be thickened
by this method. The stirring mechanism in a
sludge basin is operated so that the stirrer
traverses the basin in a series of rev€:rsing
forward and backward movements through the
basin. This method of stirring prevents,
particularly with viscous sludges, the
creation of a vortex which results in little
or no relative motion between the sludge
and the stirring mechanism. The stirrers
may be operated at higher rotational
330
-------
speeds which helps to separate the entrapped
liquid from the solids. An additional step of
allowing a quiescent period for settling after
each reversal of the stirrer may be incorporated
into the process.
US-0756
Kwong, C. C., and R. L. Kwong. ' Material
separator. U.S. 3,397,782; filed Jan. 19,
1966; issued Aug. 20, 1968.

This apparatus separates materials into
stratified zones of particles having different
floating velocities. Separation is effected by
inversely with the height above a datum taken
at an open base end of the structure. The
hollow structure has a partition wall coverging
downward, including a number of spaced,
horizontally disposed openings communicating
with discharge chambers adapted for discharge
of the separated material. A loading hopper
is provided for the introduction of material
to the base of the hollow structure.
US0757
Miller, F. A. (Key Equipment Company, Inc.),
Corn cleaner. U.S. 3,398,423; filed Mar. 14,
1966; issued Aug. 27, 1968.
A cleaning mechanism for separating waste
matter from harvested corn utilizes a vibrating
feed conveyor that delivers corn to an
inclined perforated table where it is
subjected to a perpendicular blast of-air.
Waste matter is then deflected by a hood onto
a moving screen belt. The corn drops from the
table into a hopper for further processing.
a stream of air flowing upwards through a
generally vertical hollow structure having a
cross section, the area of which varies
US0758
Boll, R. H. (Babcock and Wilcox Company),
Electrostatic precipitator. U.S. 3,400,513;
filed Sept. 8, 1966; issued Sept. 10, 1968.

This electrostatic precipitator has an open-
ended housing of dielectric material with
hoods positioned on opposite ends of the
housing to direct a flow of dust-laden gas
into and clean gas from the precipitator. The
dust in the gas is electrostatically charged
upon entering the housing and the dust is
collected after leaving the housing. The
electrostatic charge on the dust is increased
by electrogasdynamics in passing through the
housing for enhanced dust collection. A
corona discharge is utilized for charging the
particles in much the same fashion as
accomplished in conventional two-stage
precipitators. This charging process, which
occurs in an 'ionizer' section, requires a
331
-------
Separation
power supply of modest voltage (e.g. 5,000 to
10,000 volts) .
purification of hot gases. A smaller unit
is suitable for living, quarters, offices,
and restaurants. It consists of a spiral-shaped
housing having an outer intake duct and an
axial discharge duct. A hollow cylindrical
separation electrode system, pervious to gas,
and a cylindrical ionization electrode system
are mounted coaxially in the housing. The
ionization electrode system is formed as a
rotatable finned block having slender electrodes
on its exterior in corvolutions spaced from
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US-0759
Messen-Jaschin, G. (G.A. Messen-Jaschin),
Electrostatic dust separator. U.S. 3,421,291;
filed Jan. 10, 1966; issued Jan. 14, 1969.
An electrostatic dust separator is suitable
for separation of metallic dust and for
each other axially of the systems. Brushes,
mounted adjacent to the juncture of the
smaller diameter part of the housing and the
intake duct, engage the ionization electrodes
for cleaning the latter.
US-0760
Trussell, B. Processing waste recovery system.
U.S. 3,440,949; filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued
Apr. 29, 1969.

The apparatus removes organic matter from an
aqueous solution of wastes in poultry
processing plants. The device consists of
two coacting conveyors maintaining a continually
moving fibrous bed between them. Means are
provided for circulating the solution through
332
-------
the moving bed which entraps any organic
matter in the solution. The organic matter
may be further processed to produce animal
feed.,
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-50
US-0761
Barton, H. P. (R. P. Barton and Company),
Trash separator. U.S. 3,463,312; filed
Dec. 4, 1967; issued Aug. 26, 1969.
•2-
333
-------
Separation
A trash separator, for separating twigs from
mechanically harvested nuts, consists of an
endless conveyor onto the receiving end of
which the nuts,' after hulling and initial
cleaning but having twigs remaining
intermingled, are fed. A frame-supported device
cooperates with the conveyor to orient the
twigs so that they extend generally lengthwise
on the conveyor before reaching the discharge
end. Another device forms a full width but
longitudinally narrow gap at the discharge end
of the conveyor. The nuts gravitate downwardly
through the gap while the oriented or lengthwise
extending twigs are caused to span the gap and
fall in a zone clear of the gravitating nuts.
US-0762
Zollinger, H. A. (Westinghouse Electric
Corporation), Compost separator apparatus.
U.S. 3,468,417; filed June 29, 1967; issued
Sept. 23, 1969.
-•34
26
A compost separator is provided to ballistically
separate the output product compost of a refuse
reclamation system to yield a desired compost
product suitable for bagged sales and the garden
nursery market as a consistent product, with
the removal of undesired pieces of plastic,
wood, metal, and significant sized pieces of
glass. The compost is supplied to drop by
gravity down an inclined chute with a paddle
wheel type of rotating ballistic separator
apparatus being provided to rotate within
this chute and about an axis located a
predetermined distance from the bottom of the
chute such that desired low mass and low
density compost particles travel through and
past the separator to the end of the chute
where output loading or bagging equipment is
located. On the other hand, undesired high
mass and high density particles are rejected
into a second chute and are separated from the
compost material leaving the end of the first
chute. The rotational speed, the diameter
of the involved cylindrical drum, the size
of the attached flinger members, and the
location of the ballistic separator in
relation to the depth of the compost material
passing down the inclined chute are selected
to improve the objective operation of the
compost particle ballistic separator.
US-0763
Odom, J. J., T. P. Shumaker, and P. R.
Bloomquist (Reichhold Chemicals, Inc.),
Process for removal of organic and inorganic
matter from waste water systems. U.S.
3,484,837; filed Sept. 9, 1968; issued Dec. 16,
1969.
—| I| |
FILTRATION RATE OF SLUDGE TREATED
WITH UREA-MODIFIED POLYAMINE
B% POLYMER
5% POLYMER
UNTREATED
60 90 120
TIIME IN SECONDS
ISO
This process removes organic and inorganic
contaminants from water systems. Waste
water is treated with a water-soluble,
cationic, amine-containing synthetic resin
which is selected from the group consisting of
334
-------
(a) polyamine modified urea-formaldehyde resins,
and (b) melamine-formaldehyde resins. The
treatment effects removal of inorganic salts,
partially or wholly non-biodegradable detergents,
and organic materials. The insoluble
flocculates formed can be removed from the
water by conventional filtering means such as
settling, decantation, and the like.
Centrifugal
US-0764
Broyard, Y. Appliances for the removal of
dust or purification by wet process or
-13
washing of a gaseous stream. U.S. 3,343,346;
filed Oct. 3, 1963; issued Sept. 26, 1967.

In this appliance, the gaseous stream under
treatment is formed in a vortex which flows
about the axis of the stream and is charged
with liquid particles, and penetrates in this
form through a circular orifice inside the
'vortex unwinding chamber". The gaseous stream
passes out tangentially from the chamber and
flows into the interior of a tank forming a
body of revolution. The liquid particles are
centrifugalized against the wall of the tank,
and are consequently freed from the gaseous
stream which passes out through an orifice in
the tank. The separated particles are withdrawn
from the bottom of the device.
US0765
Jones, L. D., and W. H. Bath (The Sharpies
Corporation), Centrifugal separator. U.S.
2,370,315; filed Feb. 4, 1943; issued Feb. 27,
1945.
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r-^=r-FF=T
This centrifugal machine is designed to
separate liquids from solids by straining
means using centrifugal force. It seeks to
improve upon a screen to provide added strength
and flexibility. The danger of breakage is
thus minimized and the screen joint is less apt
335
-------
Separation
to project in from the screen circumference,
thus minimizing damage to this joint. To
attain these advantages, the ends of the
circumferentially-exte.nding screen are secured
to a flat metal plate.
US-0766
Bath, W. H. (The Sharpies Corporation),
Centrifugal separator. U.S. 2,380,014; filed
July 6, 1943; issued July 10, 1945.

A centrifugal separator is concerned with
deflector and accelerator arrangements for
controlling the flow of liquid throughout.
Both 'separator' and 'clarifier' types of
centrifugal separators are applicable. A
mixture of liquids is fed to a rotor within
the separator casing; the liquids then strike a
deflector cone secured to the lower end of an
accelerator member attached to the rotor. This
invention presents a solution to the problem
of affixing the deflector to the accelerator
securely so they do not become dislodged
during operation. Both members can be removed
for cleaning purposes.
U.S. 2,399,509; filed Sept. 9, 1941; issued
Apr. 30, 1946.

This centrifugal gas-cleaning apparatus is
adapted to separate suspended solids or
liquids (dust or irist) from a stream of gas
in a series of cleaning stages. A compact
apparatus is envisioned, using a number of
parallel tubular separating units of
decreasing diameter to effect fine separation.
The high-pressure apparatus is of the cyclone
type and subjects the separating stages to low
pressure differentials between the outside and
inside, thus eliminating the danger of gas
leakage or rupture of the units. The
apparatus may be mounted in the upper portion
of a chamber in whicl- gas is brought into
contact with a body of divided material, such
as a solid catalyst, to remove solid particles
from gases leaving tte chambers.
US-0767
Rich, P. C., (Western Precipitation Corporation),
Multistage centrifugal separating apparatus.
US-0768
Schutte, A. H. Centrifugal separator with
means for controlling discharge therefrom.
U.S. 2,431,142; filed Aug. 18, 1943; issued
Nov. 18, 1947.
336
-------
This centrifugal separator is used in
separating the liquid and solid constituents
of an oil-wax emulsion. The oil-wax mixture
is emuJsified in liquid condition with a
non-solvent, non-reactive liquid such as water
and an inert, non-solvent gas such as air.
centrifugally. The resulting impact of the
particles hitting the chamber walls causes
them to slow down and fall by gravity into
This produces a dispersed phase of the oil-wax
mixture in the non-solvent, non-reactive liquid.
The resulting emulsion is chilled or cooled
down below the melting point of the wax to
solidify the desired wax fraction. The
partially solidified emulsion is subjected to
centrifugal force to separate the solidified
wax from the remaining liquid constituent.
The separation is accomplished in a time cycle
synchronized with the continuous feed of
emulsion into the centrifuge to create an
automatic discharge of the separated components
throughout the operation. This apparatus
can be used in the separation of any emulsion
of any mixture of materials having the
characteristics of light solid and heavy
liquid.
US-0769
Weniger, J. K. (Beaumont Birch Company),
Ash and dust separator. U.S. 2,432,757;
filed June 13, 1945; issued Dec. 16, 1947.

Simple and efficient collection is provided
for dust and ashes produced in the combustion
process of solid, powdered fuel. Another
important objective is the provision of an
inexpensive, reliable ash and dust separator
operating under suction. This separator is
normally closed against atmospheric pressure
and is opened when loaded and when suction
ceases. The operating cycle to remove
material from the apparatus is short in
duration. Air, laden with ash and dust, is
sucked into the separator and whirled about
hoppers below. The gate on the separator
opens when the load becomes too heavy, and
the suction is released.
US-0770
Hills, L. W. (Hills Brothers Coffee, Inc.),
Centrifugal dust separator. U.S. 2,441,631;
filed Feb. 14, 1945; issued May 18, 1948.
This apparatus effects the removal of dust
from dust-laden air or other gases using
centrifugal forces to attain desired separation.
An objective of the invention is to provide
equipment to impose strong separating forces on
dust particles without causing high energy
losses. It can impose strong separating forces
for a long time thus showing optimum efficiency.
Relatively high air velocities are utilized
(movement of 15,000 ft per minute or more)
together with means to recover a substantial
amount of energy from the air flow after
dust removal. The net energy input is not
337
-------
Separation
excessive compared to the input required to
conventionally handle air. The apparatus acts
as both an efficient dust separator and as an
air moving fan.
the bottom of the separator by a variable speed
extractor.
US0771
Hughes, B. S. (Zaremba Company), Centrifugal
separator. U.S. 2,452,465; filed Mar. 21,
1946; issued Oct. 26, 1948.
A separator is used in connection with
condensers and evaporators. It is designed
so as to avoid re-entrainment of liquor
thrown out by centrifugal force. A simple
and effective drain structure prevents vapor
from passing up into the separator, but permits
liquid to drain out. The drain opening of the
separator is provided with a protective box
or shield to prevent the high-velocity vapor
flow from interfering with the entrance of
liquor to the drain.
US-0772
Vickery, F. W. Vortex separator for paper
pulp. U.S. 2,521,103; filed Nov. 8, 1949;
issued Sept. 5, 1950.

This paper pulp separator has a cylindrical
vortex vessel with a tangential pulp inlet
at the top and a central pulp outlet pipe
extending down well below the inlet.
Undesirable matter, such as dirt and fibre,
is separated centrifugally from the good pulp
and sinks to the bottom of the vortex vessel,
the good pulp being removed through the outlet
pipe. Automatic and continuous removal of
impurities is effected through a large hole in
US-0773
Svensjo, N. E. (Aktiebolaget Separator),
Process for the centrifugal separation of
sludge-containing liquids. U.S. 2,532,792;
filed Apr. 13, 1946; issued Dec. 5, 1950.

Solid particles may be removed from a liquid
by means of this centrifugal separator which
has a bowl at its periphery with outlet
openings through which particles leave
suspended in liquid. To avoid excessive
discharge of carrier liquid with the sludge,
338
-------
some of the concentrate is returned to the
bowl, but not so much as to effect clogging of
the openings. Viscosity of the sludge
concentrate is determined by a viscosimeter;
if the concentrate becomes too viscous, liquid
is added through the activation of a
quantityregulating device. A centrifuge
separates the mixture into a purified liquid
and a sludge-containing concentrate, with
separate discharge means for both.
US-0774
Svensjo, N. E. (Aktiebolaget Separator),
Centrifugal bowl for separating sludge from
liquid. U.S. 2,590,735'; filed Oct. 18, 1949;
issued Mar. 25, 1952.
6765 /,
A centrifugal bowl is provided for the separation
of liquid-containing sludge, in which wear
along the inner bowl wall caused by sliding,
separated sludge is virtually eliminated. In
the bowl wall are sludge outlets; a]so a
series of adjacent pockets or grooves are
arranged to receive and trap sludge during
the separating operation, thus preventing wear
on the bowl surface.
.US-0775
Edwards, G. W. (Societe Annonyme Francaise
pour la Separation, 1'Emulsion et le Melange),
Centrifuge for separating a liquid from solid
material. U.S. 2,593,278; filed Apr. 1, 1946;
issued Apr. 15, 1952.
This device incorporates the simultaneous
application of centrifugal decantation and
filtration to separate liquids from solids.
339
-------
Separation
Operations included are: preliminary settling;
filtering of the roughly prepared liquid; an
automatic removal of silt from the filtering
membrane; and automatic removal of the solid
material separated through settling and, an
sludge. Separate outlets are provided for the
coarse solids and liquid (with fine solids).
adjustment of the filtering pressure, also
called exhaust pressure. A filtering membrane
is located inside a decantation vessel in
such a way that the liquid goes through the
membrane, whereby the solid material is
rejected outwardly by centrifugal force. A
solids extraction device is also featured in
the form of a worm or scraper. The decantation
vessel is preferably of a double cone shape to
allow the solids to accumulate under centrifugal
force towards the line connecting the two
cones where"the extraction device begins
operation.
US-0777
Van Kiel, R. (Machinefabriek Reineveld N. V.),
Centrifugal machine. U.S. 2,676,707; filed
July 9, 1952; issued Apr. 27, 1954.
US-0776
Strezynski, G. J. (The De Laval Separator
Company), Method and system for separating
solids from liquids. U.S. 2,596,616; filed
Apr. 19, 1951; issued May 13, 1952.

This system uses centrifugal means to separate
solids from liquids at a high rate, to
provide an effluent fairly free of solids.
A solids-liquids mixture is subjected to a
coarse centrifugal separating operation,
causing solids to rotate on the outside,
liquids in the center. Coarse solids are
then moved inward through the liquid, this
movement effected against centrifugal force
by helical scraper or other conveyor means.
The resulting liquid has a small percentage of
fine solids which are concentrated to form a
Continuously operating centrifugal machines of
this type arc used for dewatering granular
materials, such as those resulting from
industrial operations. The machine has a
conical perforated screening drum with a
340
-------
distributing drum which rotates inside. This
distributing drum has a series of main blades
arranged around the drum; at the large
diameter end, an additional longer blade is
arranged between each pair of main blades.
Masses of material on the narrow part of the
screen drum rapidly lose water; the large end
doesn't lose much more water, but the
frictional resistance of the granular material
is increased so materials are crushed on this
part of the drum.
endeavors to load the push-type separator in
a continuous manner to effect maximum use and
economy.
Commutator
Motor
US-0778
Ruegg, E. (Escher Wyss A.G.), Centrifugal
machine for continuous operation. U.S.
2,685,370; filed Aug. 20, 1951; issued
Aug. 3, 1954.

A centrifugal machine is composed of a
separator cage, a feed pipe to deliver
material to the cage, and a pusher member.
'Push-type centrifuges' utilize a gas-and-
liquid tight-feed pipe and effect the feed
under pressure to keep the food pipe and
filling tunnel always partially filled with
material to be separated. The invention
US-0779
Cram, H. G. (Combined Locks Paper Company),
Centrifugal separator. U.S. 2,767,841; filed
May 3, 1952; issued Oct. 23, 1956.

This device is used in recovering usable
material from waste liquid in industry,
especially designed for use in connection
with paper manufacturing. Primary objectives
of the invention include: the separation
and elimination of foreign material from
paper pulp while in dilute liquid suspension;
3K f
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-.yjaatMuff ,,\^^'i''*»^"^!™a^:£»Sr^H-:"/--"S£""'-'-f;*^~— I?SL'S?£SK: -' '-^^A .
' " ' V ' -> L 7 j ^—*J***J ~ ~ \t_ • '/^" "'' '-"* |j
•tr-?-^
^<;rH-1i;
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341
-------
Separation
the separation of 'fines' in the dilute
liquid suspension, with recovery of acceptable
material, and re-use of the clear water for
pulp dilution; and the separation of
around the central axis of the container. The
feed particles follow this path automatically
after being thrown into the paths of the
objectionable materials in dilute liquid
suspension by frictional adhesion. This
material has a tendency to adhere under
pressure to a metal surface, so the separator
presents a. maximum of metal surface to the
stock as it passes through the machine.
US 0780
Ehlermann, H. Method and means for treating
and sorting comminuted substances. U.S.
2,986,277; filed Aug. 13, 1956; issued May 30,
1961.

A process is provided for subjecting finely
comminuted particles to physical or chemical
treatment and separating them at the same time
through a whirling motion. A container
contains a mass of the treating substance. Due
to pressure through nozzles, it rises spirally
along the side walls of the container and
moves downward in the middle. This gas is
eventually removed through a suction sleeve
and an exhaust pipe. The apparatus is
charged with the material to be treated
through a funnel. The comminuted substance
forms a circular vertical whirl which rotates
streams of treatment substance. Most of the
comminuted material can be removed through
spaces, formed between the side walls and a
flange, which lead to removal channels. The
lightest particles, however, follow the
current, and escape through the exhaust pipe
as exhaust gases. The largest particles are
not carried along with the whirling current,
and are separated in the middle of the
container.
US-0781
Jackering, G. Process; and apparatus for the
separation of suspensions. U.S. 3,388,733;
filed June 17, 1963; Issued June 18, 1968.

Particle suspensions £ire introduced into a
high-speed vortex separator where vorteces are
formed in the atmosphere within the separator,
and the vorteces then subjected to continued
342
-------
impulse changes in direction and magnitude.
After particle separation, applying heated
air to each vortex causes the particles to
undergo sudden and abrupt flash heating which
dries the particles by evaporation of adhering
liquids. The apparatus comprises a closed
container which surrounds a bladed rotor
particles pass through an orifice in the base.
A rotatable paddle generates the vortex.
generating the vorteces. Inlets and outlets
are provided for the suspending liquid and
gases and for withdrawing solid particles.
Filtration
US-0782
Millhiser, R. G., and W. W. Wooll (Ajem
Laboratories, Inc.), Vortical separator.
U.S. 3,396,844; filed May 20, 1964; issued
Aug. 13, 1968.

This apparatus separates particulate matter
by means of a swirling liquid vortex in which
relatively smaller or less dense separated
particulate matter can be removed from adjacent
the top outer peripheral regions of the vortex,
and relatively larger or more dense particulate
matter can be removed from adjacent the bottom
central core area of the vortex. The separator
consists of a vessel having a generally
cylindrical vertical side wall substantially
straight along its entire length and a flat
base for containing the liquid vortex. The
side wall has along its upper edge a vertically
aligned weir over which liquid containing the
smaller or less dense particulate matter can
flow. The relatively larger or more dense
US-0783
Becker, B. M., and J. McAfee (Universal
Oil Products Company), Separation of
suspended solids from fluids. U.S.
3,448,135; filed Oct. 25, 1943; issued
Aug. 31, 1948.

Finely divided solids are separated from
a stream of fluid in which the solid
particles are suspended. The vaporous
and/or gaseous stream in which the finely
subdivided solid material Is suspended is
passed in contact with a moving bed of
larger solid particles. They serve as
a filter for removing the suspended finer
particles from the stream. The resulting
mixture of fine and larger solid particles
is supplied from the filtering zone to a
stripping zone in which a bed of the solid
particles is maintained in agitated
343
-------
Separation
condition by passing a stripping fluid up
through it. The fine particles are removed
-y
from tlie coarser particles by suspending
the former in the stripping fluid.
US-0784
Daman, A. C. (Mining Process and Patent
Company), Pulp-screening apparatus. U.S.
2,684,154; filed July 18, 1950; issued
July 20, 1954.

This pulp-screening apparatus separates a
pulp consisting of various sizes of solid
particles suspended in a liquid. The
inexpensive tank-type apparatus incorporates
means to prevent clogging or blinding of
the screen, which could prevent segregation
of the pulp, and separates the pulp into at
least two components by hydraulic
classifying and screening apparatus. Proper
circulation means are provided, as well as
means to discharge unfilterable solids from
the device, means to condition the pulp by
introducing one or more fluids, and means
to regulate the rate of pulp flow.
US 0785
Billiard, A. E. Fluid flotation separator
and method for separating pulverized materials.
U.S. 2,689,646; filed Aug. 9, 1951; issued
Sept. 21, 1954.

This fluid flotation separation apparatus is
used in separating or classifying pulverized
materials. The pulverized material is
conveyed over an inclined porous surface at
an appreciable speed. A stream of gas under
pressure is passed through the surface and
the pulverized material. This helps break
down nodules and elevates the fine particles
above the level of the surface. The
flotation gas and fine particles of material
entrained within it are conducted to a
collector by means of several deflectors.
The collector reduces the velocity of the
flotation gas and permits the fine
344
-------
particles of material to settle from the
flotation gas.
edges of the screen arc secured to the
flexible band to prevent air from passing
between them from one of the chambers to
the other. There is a screen inlet at
one end of the housing for materials to be
classified, and this overlies one end of
the screen. There is also a tailings
outlet below the opposite end of the screen.
There is a mechanism for imparting
reciprocatory movements to the screen to
agitate material delivered on it, and
feed the material toward the tailings
outlet. This screen defines apertures
of sufficient size to permit free
movement of air through it, but too small
to permit passage of particles of the
material through it. There is an air
filter, along with a blower and a
cooperating conduit communicating with
the lower chamber. This filter delivers
filtered air to the lower chamber and
upward through the screen with sufficient
volume and pressure to cause separation of
particles on the screen. This also causes
entrainment and removal of the finer
particles upward through the upper chamber.
A disposal conduit guides air and the
entrained particles away from the upper
chamber.
US-0786
Rich, C. E. (The Day Company of Canada),
Particle classifier for refuse screenings and
the like. U.S. 2,815,858; filed Apr. 16,
1956; issued Dec. 10, 1957.
In a particle classifier for refuse
screenings, there is a housing structure
comprising a lower housing section and
a hood overlying the lower section. There
is an airtight flexible band encompassing
the adjacent marginal edges of the lower
section and hood and providing an airtight
joint between the two. A flat, woven mesh
screen of smooth resilient threads of
plastic material is disposed within the
housing structure, and this screen
cooperates with the lower housing section
to define a lower chamber, and with the hood
to define an upper chamber. The marginal
US-0787
Hukki, R. T. (Insinooritoimisto-Engineering
Bureau R. T. Hukki), Apparatus for wet
sizing of solid material. U.S. 3,064,806;
filed June 3, 1959; issued Nov. 20, 1962.
Wet sizing of solids containing finely
divided particles is accomplished by this
device. It makes use of the carrying
capacity of a fluid medium flowing at a
desired rate and the simultaneous size-
controlling capacity of a sizing screen
surface of desired type and fineness. The
fine particles are carried through a screen
by the medium flowing in a direction somewhat
upward from horizontal. The oversized
fraction is retained at all times during
the process below or outside the screen.
In this way a fine product is obtained with
345
-------
Separation
a fairly large volume of the medium while
the coarser size particles are discharged
from the apparatus with a relatively small
volume of the medium.
US-0788
Montgomery, J. H. Portable aggregate
screening and transporting apparatus.
U.S. 3,162,600; filed June 4, 1962;
issued Dec. 22, 1964.

A portable aggregate screening and
transporting apparatus is used with a
tractor-drawn vehicular conveyor designed
for use in road-surfacing operations.
Loose rock is automatically loaded onto
the conveyor, screened as to size, with
the small gravel returned to the ground
and the large rock retained for later
discharge. This apparatus not only finds
use in road or landing-field surfacing
61
,172
operations, but in the collection and
removal of rubble in land reclamation
projects. The vehicle comprises a chassis
on which an endless chain conveyor is
mounted, with each section coexistent
with an inclined screening ramp. The
lower front end of the screening ramp
passes over the ground surface operating as
a scoop to pick up loose aggregate, while
simultaneously the conveyor impels material
up the ramp. Larger particles are carried
to the upper rear end where they will fall
by gravity into a dump receptacle. A full
dump receptacle may be transported to a
place where contents may be tilted and
discharged. This apparatus may be
manufactured at a low cost, is simple in
construction, and possesses few moving parts.
It is durable and may be easily assembled
and dismantled for inspection or repair
purposes.
100 ... Ht 112
n
346
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US 0789
Nelson, G. L., and I. J. Clarke-Pounder
(Bird Machine Company), Pulp screen with
discharge receptacle. U.S. 3,255,883;
filed Feb. 18, 1963; issued June 14,
1966.

This screening device removes large fibrous
bundles and other large impurities and
debris from fibrous pulp and other slurries
'4.
J.'
disinfected, and baled. This apparatus
is particularly useful at racetracks.
before they are subjected to fine
treatment. The hot black liquor from
a chemical pulp mill is introduced under
pressure to a pressure casing. An inlet
chamber, housing a screen plate, is filled.
The knots in the liquor are drawn to a
perforate screen plate. A foil member
generates a pressure pulse which forces the
knots to move redially outward. The knots,
being heavier than the liquid, sink slowly
and since the screen plate protects the
knots from contact with the foil member,
the knots are not broken up. The knots
move into a sump chamber and are exposed
to a flow of fiber-free liquor to carry
good fiber away. The sump chamber is
discharged while maintaining the inlet
chamber sealed against the loss of good
fibers.
US-0790
Kramer, F. S. Method and apparatus for
the separation of straw and manure. U.S.
3,353,947; filed Apr. 29, 1964; issued
Nov. 21, 1967.

This separator of straw and manure cleans
the straw to make it suitable for future
use. The mixture is shredded and deposited
upon a conveyor screen where it is
subjected to a hot air and steam blast.
The waste is separated from the straw,
forced through the screen and dried. The
straw is carried on to where it is dried,
At
US-0791
Christiansen, L. M. Dust-collecting
system. U.S. 3,373,545; filed Apr. 11,
1966; issued Mar. 19, 1968.
This dust-collecting system can be used
in an industrial plant and comprises two
individual separators. The upper portion
of each separator communicates with
individual valves to the discharge end of
347
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Separation
a pickup blower. The exterior of the
tubes are exposed to the interior of the
building where dust pickup takes place.
The bottom portion of each separator is
in the form of a chute and each has an
individual valve. Top and bottom portions of
the separators are connected by a fabric
tube. An enclosure about the bottom of
all of the chutes houses a dust conveyor.
In this housing is a secondary dust separator.
The air carrying the dust is introduced through
the open valves into the top intake portion.
The dust is trapped in the tubes while the air
passes through the fabric and is returned to
the building. One at a time, the
separators are taken off stream by
closing the intake valve. A discharge
valve is opened between the discharge portion
and the housing, and air is withdrawn from the
housing through the secondary separator,
which is a drum-type separator. Both by
gravity and by this air flow, the dirt
and dust from the interior of the separator
that is off stream is carried into the
housing where it is transferred to an
outlet by the conveyor. The air flow passes
through the secondary separator and then is
returned to the initial dust pickup
conduit so that it flows back through the
separators which remain on stream.
tank having a porous floor spaced a short
distance from the bottom of the tank. A
mechanism provided to rotate a suitably
journaled shaft is connected to a table
US0792
Muller, L. D., C. P. Sayles, and R. H.
Mozley (National Research Development
Corporation), Apparatus for the separation
of granular materials. U.S. 3,391,784;
filed Feb. 1, 1965; issued July 9, 1968.

Apparatus designed for the separation of
granular materials comprises an elongated
27
23
to give it the necessary reciprocating
movement. The driving arrangements include
a rectangular fixed frame in which is located
a cross-piece connected to a bar and
arranged to be subjected in any position
to the action of a compression spring.
The shaft carries an eccentric located
in a circular hole in the driving member, and
the rotation of the eccentric causes the
driving member to perform vertical
reciprocation. The apparatus provides a
means for varying the phase relationship
between the table reciprocating cycle
and the fluid pulsing cycle. The tank is
provided with end walls which are maintained
stationary by a member which carries
baffles to assist in preventing the
reciprocating movement of the fluid in
the tank.
US-0793
Delcellier, H. A. (Canadian Ingersoll-Rand
Company, Ltd.), Apparatus and method for
decontaminating pulp and paper machine
effluent. U.S. 3,392,114; filed May 26,
1965; issued July 9, 1968.
,1 , i, * • I
rcn vx.
35'
348
-------
This apparatus removes contaminating solids
from effluent discharged by paper-producing
machines. The effluent flows to a centrifugal
drainer where the larger solids are separated
from the remainder of the effluent. Then, the
effluent passes to a cyclonic separator which
screens solids from the effluent. Finally,
the treated effluent is deposited in a
settling tank where the final separation
of the effluent into solids and a clarified
liquid occurs. This process filters dirt,
fiber, chemicals, and bark from the effluent
discharged by pulp and paper mills.
US-0794
Barnes, R. G. (General Electric Company),
Gas scrubber. U.S. 3,395,510; filed Oct.
23, 1965; issued Aug. 6, 1968.

This gas scrubber comprises a closed vessel
having an inlet opening to admit a
COOL AH T
particle-contaminated gas, an outlet to
deliver scrubbed gas, and a number of
serially arranged scrubbing stages. Each
stage consists of injection means disposed
between the inlet and outlet for injecting
steam into the gas. A cooling device is
disposed between the injection device and
the outlet for cooling the mixed gas and
steam so that the steam condenses in water
droplets around the particles, which
serve as condensation nuclei. The effective
size of the minute particles is increased
to the point where efficient capture by
conventional filters becomes possible. The
filter is disposed between the cooling device
and the outlet and filters the gas to remove
the droplets and the particles entrained in the
droplets.
US-0795
Stober, K. E. (The Dow Chemical Company),
Removal of waste solids from aqueous
systems. U.S. 3,436,326; filed Dec. 28,
1964; issued Apr. 1, 1969.

This method for removing latex waste
solids from aqueous systems is inexpensive
to carry out and employs no bulky and/or
costly equipment. An electrically charged,
continuous belt-like metallic screen is
run through an aqueous waste with the screen
electrophoretically picking up the latex solids.
The solids are removed before the screen
re-enters the waste. In the event that the
aqueous system itself does not contain
sufficient electrolytic salts to give the
minimum current necessary to promote the
coagulation of the latex, electrolytic salts
are added in an amount to provide a total
electrolyte of from about 0.005 to about
0.05 weight percent of the system. Materials
which can be used as electrodes include
aluminum, stainless steel, tin, copper,
nickel, and brass.
US-0796
Huval, M. (Chevron Research Company), Method
of removing oil from water containing
suspended solids. U.S. 3,471,401; filed
Sept. 29, 1967; issued Oct. 7, 1969.

Oil droplets are removed from a waste water
stream containing suspended solid particles
349
-------
Sludge
so that the waste water may be disposed of
without causing oil pollution. The steps
involved include sampling a waste water stream
to obtain a representative sample of the
waste water including the solid particles
suspended in it. The amount and the size
distribution of the solid particles
is determined, and the volume of oil that
can be carried on each size of the solid
particles is established. An allowable oil
concentration of the water for disposal
is selected such that oil pollution will
not result. Particles larger than the
maximum size of particles allowed are
removed from the waste water stream. The
waste water stream, including particles
smaller than the maximum size of particles,
is then passed through a coalescing element
to coalesce the oil droplets to provide for
separation of oil and the water, and the
resulting water is disposed of.
SLUDGE
US0797
Schlenz, H. E. (Pacific Flush Tank Company),
Method and apparatus for digesting garbage
and sewage sludge. U.S. 2,572,767; filed
Nov. 18, 1948; issued Oct. 23, 1951.

Sewage sludge and garbage are digested
simultaneously. Sewage sludge is fed to a
digestion zone sealed against the admission
of air for anaerobic digestion. Garbage is
fed to a digestion zone separated and
distinct from the slucge digestion zone and
sealed against the admission of air also.
Digester liquor from the sewage sludge
digestion zone is withdrawn, and this
withdrawn liquor is continually supplied to
the garbage digestion zone at a rate
sufficient to maintain anaerobic digestion
of the garbage in that zone. The withdrawn
liquor of digestion is. heated to a
temperature whereby when such heated liquor
is mixed with the contents of the garbage
digestion zone, the temperature of the
contents is approximately the optimum for
digestion. The overflow digester liquor
from the garbage digestion zone is returned
to the sewage sludge digestion zone for
remixture with and conditioning similarly
to the digester liquor in the sewage sludge
digestion zone. The overflow liquor and
digested sludge from the sewage sludge
digestion zone are discharged, as are the
non-digestible residues from the garbage
digestion zone.
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US-0798
Riedholz, M. D. (Cellulosefabrik Attisholz
A.G.)> Method and apparatus for sewage
disposal according to the activated sludge
process. U.S. 3,390,076; filed
Aug. 26, 1964; issued June 25, 1968.
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A method for treating sewage according to
the activated sludge process is provided.
Sewage is placed in a vertically oriented
volume having a liquid level in it dividing
the volume into a liquid space and a gas
collection space. Sewage is removed from
the lower end of the liquid space in the
volume, is mixed with air, and this mixture
is then fed into the liquid space of the
volume at the liquid level and given a
strong whirling motion about the vertical
axis of the volume. The foam and
undissolved gases in the gas collection
space are removed and delivered to a
separate volume where the foam is liquefied
and recirculated. The rate at which the
sewage is treated is equal to the rate at
which the sewage is supplied. Solid
materials having a specific weight of more
than 2 g per cu cm are conducted to the
outer edge of the whirling liquid volume
and downward to the lower end of the
liquid space. The solid material with a
lower specific gravity is maintained in
constant rotation at the liquid level.
A sump is centrally located in the bnse of
the closed container for colJecting solid
material and means are provided for
removing solid material from this sump.
Incineration
US-0799
Wallerstedt, G. A., and M. Lintz.
Decomposing emulsified waste sludges.
U.S. 2,501,977; filed Feb. 11, 1946; issued
Mar. 28, 1950.

Mud-oil sludge disposal usually presents a
problem; if the solid content is increased,
the oil ignites much sooner allowing it to
burn and the water to evaporate, leaving
behind a solid residue. In a rotary kiln
used as an incineration device, the solid
particles, such as clay, pellets, and coke
fragments are added to the sludge stream and
are mixed through. The kiln operates at
between 1,200 F and 1,500 F so that the
residue left at the end is dry and free of
excess water or oil. The residue may be
re-used to treat additional oil-mud sludges
or used as fill.
US-0800
Collison, E. 0., and C. B. Gathercole.
Waste disposal device for aircraft. U.S.
2,565,720; filed Oct. 10, 1949; issued Aug.
28, 1951.

The problem of sewage, waste, or refuse
disposal in aircraft has been solved by this
calcining or incinerating device. Exhaust
and pressure sources on aircraft are utilized
to provide heat required to oxidize the
wastes; the flow of exhaust gases is used to
create a pressure differential for aspirating
waste material to an incineration chamber,
then out into the atmosphere. Means are
provided for causing calcined material to
break up into finer particles for a
secondary oxidizing action before discharge.
A stream of hot gases is conducted from the
engine of the aircraft past an incineration
351
-------
Sludge
or calcination zone, transmitting heat to
this zone, reducing the pressure of the gas
incineration products into the stream of
exhaust gases.
stream adjacent the zone to aspirate sewage
into this zone, then discharging the
US-0801
Kobernick, S. T. Sewage distillation
process. U.S. 2,579,932; filed Feb. 11, 1948;
issued Dec. 25, 1951.

This sewage disposal process includes
separating the mass of raw sewage into its
solid and liquid components and then burning
all the solids as fuel in a boiler to produce
steam. The heat produced by the boiler is
applied to preheat all the liquid at the
same time steam is being produced. The
steam is lead through a turbine. Hot
condensate is taken from the turbine, and
both the condensate and the pre-heated liquid
are led to an evaporator, for joint
vaporization. Residues resulting from this
evaporation are burned with the solids.
The hot condensate resulting from the
evaporation is fed into the boiler for
steam production.
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US-0802
Ferriss, F., and J. R. Gainfort (F. Ferriss,
J. R. Gainfort, F. L. Pinola, W. Brosch, G.
Gasparini, and R. Francioni), Garbage, trash,
and sludge disposal. U.S. 2,882,841; filed
July 3, 1956; issued Apr. 21, 1959.
An improved method of introducing sludge
into the path of incineration gases is
provided; recirculatioa of the sludge is
also allowed for more complete burning.
A fire-resistant pedestal within the furnace
carries a heat-resistant steel trough across
352
-------
the furnace. A belt-like moving vertical
screen passes over a roller which drains it,
the bottom portion dipping into the trough.
Sludge enters the trough by gravity flow
of the discharged gas from the incinerator
near the heat source.
3/
or pumping. The water trough is cooled
continuously by water. The perforate belt
picks up a layer of solids from the sludge
which are carried into the drying and
combustion zone of the hearth.
US-0803
Blankenship, E. B., and H. A. Bowers
(Research Products Manufacturing Company) ,
Incinerator toilet. U.S. 3,020,559; filed
Jan. 5, 1959; issued Feb. 13, 1962.

In a waterless toilet, a electrically
actuated incinerator is positioned at the
base of a vertical hollow body. The
incinerator is insulated and spaced from the
inner wall of the casement. A thermo
switch controls the heating means and the
suction fan which connects with a vent to
the interior of the incinerator and provides
a means for expelling smoke. At a certain
preset temperature level, the thermo switch
de-energizes the heating means and the fan.
A coiled radiant heater inside the insulation
is the means of heating. A heat-activated
deodorizing catalyst is located in the path
US-0804
Campbell, D. L. (Esso Research and
Engineering Company), Burner for waste
materials and method of burning waste
materials. U.S. 3,306,236; filed Sept. 11,
1964; issued Feb. 28, 1967.
An improved burner incinerates wastes which
contain liquids and solids, especially
sewage (which contains a large quantity of
noncombustibles). The burner operates on
the fluidized solids principle. Fine
353
-------
Sludge
refractory material particles are used as
heat carriers; a multiple bed arrangement
is used with one dense fluid solid bed
preferably arranged above another. Elastic
fluids, such as gases or vapors, are used
to keep the dense beds fluidized. This type
of burner is especially useful for burning
material with a large proportion of water;
indeed, any type of waste material can be
charged. Ash will be the remaining solid
component and is deposited on or mixed with
the refractory particles constituting the
original bed.
US-0805
Ransom, G. E. Rotary incinerator and method
of operating same. U.S. 3,306,237; filed Jan.
1964; issued Feb. 28, 1967.

Liquid and semi-liquid wastes, such as
poultry manure, sludge, and raw sewage, can
be incinerated in this apparatus, without
odor and pollution. The inclined rotary
furnace has communicating combustion chambers
at both upper (entrance) and lower
(discharge) ends. Such an arrangement
effects a continuous flow of combustion
products with fuel and air to achieve
desired combustion results. Material is
fed to the rotary furnace which has
longitudinal ribs or teeth lining the
inside of the furnace. When the rotary
28,
cylinder or kiln moves, material is
agitated and exposed to maximum heat on
its journey to the adjacent heating chamber.
Another feature is a cremation chamber for
the disposal of dead bird carcasses within
one area of the incinerator.
US-0806
Kells, E. L., L. E. Strobert, and E. S.
Washburn (Chicago Bridge and Iron Company),
Method and apparatus for burning sewage
plant skimmings. U.S. 3,312,183; filed
June 10, 1965; issued Apr. A, 1967.

Watery and trash-bearing greasy skimmings
of a sewage treatment plant are burned in
this device. Fuel is only used to initiate
the burning process because heat developed
by the burning grease is so conserved and
used that no other fuel is required even with
skimmings of 40 percent water or more. The
entire burner or combustion chamber has been
reduced in size, thus the number of Btu's
liberated by the combustion in the chamber
is increased per cubic foot of volume. Heat
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generated should not be less than 100,000
Btu's per cubic foot per hr, with no upper
limit. The reduction in size conserves heat
and speeds the reaction which creates a
higher temperature (thus speeding the
vaporization of the grease).
US-0807
Albertson, 0. E., and W. E. Budd
(Dorr-Oliver Incorporated), Treatment and
disposal of waste sludges. U.S. 3,319,586;
filed July 10, 1961; issued May 16, 1967.

The disposal of organic sewage sludge solids
by complete combustion is effected by this
invention. A simplified system is proposed
which eliminates many preparatory operations,
such as separate drying apparatus.
Odor-free combustion gases are produced from
sludge burning. The unit possesses high
354
-------
thermal efficiency and operational economy,
without requiring any moving parts exposed
to combustion temperatures. Moist raw
sludge is subjected to combustion in a bed
of inert hot granular material maintained in
a state of fluidization which is the
formation of a dense and turbulent suspension
of particles in an upflowing stream of gas
termed a turbulent layer or fluidized bed.
US-0808
Albertson, 0. E., and W. M. H. Kilmer
(Dorr-Oliver Incorporated) , Disposal of
waste material by combustion in an inert
fluidized bed. U.S. 3,319,587; filed Mar. 31,
1964; issued May 16, 1967.

Wet waste material is disposed of by
combustion. The waste material is largely
comprised of organic or volatile
constituents, part of which may be
putrescible. The high-moisture waste may be
derived from sewage sludge by filtration or
other dewatering operations. Waste matter
is fed continuously into a body of hot inert
fluidized granular material having
heat-storing and heat-radiating capability
such as sand. The fluidized state of this
granular material is retained in the
combustion chamber by the combustion air
being forced upward. The direct and
complete combustion of the wet waste
results in the discharge of stack gases from
the combustion chamber, containing only
inert and innocuous combustion gases along
with water vapor. These gases carry with
them the residual ash and inert fines. The
controls of the combustion process maintain a
high enough combustion temperature in the body
of fluidized material, besides keeping a low
excess of combustion air. The invention
also possesses means to minimize afterburning
of waste material and/or distillation gases.
This is accomplished by extruding the
high-moisture waste material tightly compacted
into the lower zone of the body of hot inert
fluidized material in the combustion
chamber. Hence, the waste material is delivered
from an extrusion device in the form of
plugs compacted to a density equal to or
greater than the surrounding body of
fluidized material. The invention
furthermore determines that the material
in the feeder will not be adversely
affected by heat.
US-0809
Duncan, L. L. (W. J. King), Total disposal
unit and method. U.S. 3,319,588; filed
Sept. 15, 1964; issued May 16, 1967.
An incinerating toilet of this design has
advantages if used on moving vehicles, such
as planes, trains, and buses. This model
employs a unique method for the receipt and
positioning of a disposable receptacle to
receive waste and a small combustion chamber
which is connected to an exhaust system.
The waste-bearing receptacle, when full,
may be drawn into the combustion chamber,
whereby air supplied by an intake fan
creates an intense gas jet flame which
consumes all the waste. A venturi system
is employed for the removal of heated gases
from the combustion chamber. There is a
space between the toilet bowl and
combustion chamber doors, cith the disposable
pleated paper receptable carried on the
doors under the bowl. The device is
especially useful if there are limited
355
-------
Sludge
sewerage facilities or not enough water
available to flush down the wastes.
US-0810
Komline, T. R., and W. H. Sanderson
(Komline-Sanderson Engineering Corp.))
Sludge incineration. U.S. 3,322,079;
filed Oct. 22, 1965; issued May 30, 1967.

In the incineration of sewage sludge and
municipal waste, an ignited bed of the
municipal waste is supported for continuous
movement on a traveling grate. Air is
supplied beneath the grate, and a
cylindrical drying chamber is provided.
The drying chamber has one end opening
downward into the combustion chamber, and
a closed upper end which is provided with a
centrifugal atomizer for delivering fine
particles of sludge and distributing them
radially. The sludge is therefore sprayed
into the upwardly rising air and into
combustion gases which rise from the solid
fuel bed. The upwardly rising gas and air
currents impede the downward movement of
the particles to increase their exposure
to the heating and drying action. Some of
the particles are entrained and subjected to
combustion in these currents and other
heavier particles descend onto the solid
fuel for combustion after being subjected
to the drying and heating action.
seat of the latrine. An exhaust impeller
or blower protective device is also
provided to eliminate possible damage or
clogging by debris forced toward the
exhaust blower. Protective measures to
prevent flooding of the burner are also
needed. Means are provided to mix and
pressurize air and gas for use as fuel in
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US-0811
Frankel, D. P. (La Mere Industries, Inc.),
Incinerating latrine or toilet apparatus.
U.S. 3,323,473; filed May 6, 1963; issued
June 6, 1967.

'Dry' latrines with incinerators built into
them have improved cooling me ins for the
the latrine. Excreta receiving and
rendering means are located within a
fire-box for breaking excretions up into
small particles for more efficient
burning. Stationary and rotary combs
combine in a meshing motion to further
reduce the material before burning. An
exhaust blower removes fumes in combustion
products.
356
-------
US-0812
Stevens, C. F. B. (Pulp and Paper
Research Institute of Canada), Toilet
waste combuster. U.S. 3,357,381; filed
May 18, 1966; issued Dec, 12, 1967.

An incinerator toilet of this design is
suitable for installation in living
quarters; automatic discharge of inert ash
to a storage chamber is carried out, too.
The first combustion chamber is the toilet
stool which has heating means, means for
subdividing and dispersing solids, and
air-supply means. Waste such as feces and
urine is deposited in the first chamber
with above means inoperative until the
toilet stool is closed, at which time
drying, pyrolysis, and some burning takes
place. The mixture of air, vapours, and
gaseous materials is conducted to the
second chamber where combustible material
is thoroughly burned. Solid and liquid
materials are separated in the initial
stage; also a series of scraper blades cuts
or shreds solid or viscous material prior
to drying, pyroly/.ation, and burning.
Liquids are evaporated and organic products
pyrolized in the initial stage also.
US 0813
Kells, E. L., and B. S. Washburn (Chicago
Bridge and Iron Company), Grease burner.
U.S. 3,362,359; filed Apr. 9, 1965; issued
Jan. 9, 1968.

A burner is used for disposing of the grease
obtained as skimmings from a sewage disposal
plant. The burner comprises an annular
furnace with a cylindrical wall positioned
with its cylindrical axis vertical and a
hearth at the bottom of the wall. A
mechanism continuously deposits a ribbon of
grease about the hearth adjacent to the
cylindrical walls. This mechanism includes
a rotating distributor conduit having a
discharge end adjacent to the cylindrical
walls from which the ribbon of grease is
extruded. There is a mechanism also to
rotate the conduit with respect to the
furnace. There is a device which has a
number of nozzles extending into the
furnace, and a mechanism to introduce air
into the nozzles under pressure. To start
the furnace, it is first preheated by the
use of the gas burner and blower. After it
has been preheated to a suitable temperature,
the feeding of skimmings through the conduit
is commenced. After the temperature rises
357
-------
Sludge
to about 1,900 F, the gas is turned off, but
the blower remains running so no fumes back
out through the blower. During the feeding
of the skimmings, the conduit is rotated.
The furnace temperature usually runs between
about 2,100 and 2,300 F, the principal
variable being the amount of water in the
skimmings. Automatic controls are provided
to restart the gas burner if the temperature
goes below 1,900 F, and to shut down the
material feed if the temperature goes above
about 2,300 F.
US-OS 14
Macklin, M. R. (TRW Incorporated), Waste
combustion and water recovery system. U.S.
3,372,989; filed Apr. 1, 1964; issued Mar. 12,
1968.

TO CAtiN ON CARtON
OlOXIOC COMCtNT*ATQ*
This method and apparatus for recovering
potable water from an organic waste product
is especially useful with house trailers,
airplanes, and railroad cars. Waste products
are fed into a storage tank and mixed to
prevent settling. A pump delivers the
waste to a regenerative heat exchanger
through a conduit. Combustion-supporting
gas is also introduced into the heat
exchanger through a conduit. The mixture of
waste and air is heated to a temperature
sufficient to vaporize completely the water
in the organic waste and to partially
vaporize the organics present. The vaporous
mixture leaves the heal; exchanger at a
temperature between 900 and 1,000 F. They
are directed toward a burner where the
material is completely oxidized. The
combustion products are directed back into
the heat exchanger for heat exchange with
the incoming waste. As the temperature
of the combustion gases falls, they are
routed out of the exchanger and through
filters which remove noxious gases and
solids. The steam leaving the filters
reenters the heat exchanger and emerges
at a temperature of about 228 F. A
turbine utilizes the steam to supply the
power needed for the process before it
enters a water separator. Water is
condensed and pumped to a charcoal filter'
which removes the last traces of impurities.
US-0815
Albertson, 0. E., and W. M. H. Kilmer
(Dorr-Oliver Incorpora:ed), Waste burning
system with internal screen deliquefiers.
U.S. 3,375,794; filed Apr. 27, 1966; issued
Apr. 2, 1968.

This waste-disposal system burns organic
sludges which have a solids content of from
20 to 50 percent. The combustion chamber
contains a fluidized bed of incandescent
inert material. A sludge pump feeds the
sludge under pressure into a conduit in
order to force water from the sludge, as
it passes to the furnaie. When the sludge
reaches the combustion chamber, it is in the
form of a substantially dry, solid plug. A
hollow screen within tie conduit receives
the filtered water which is conveyed from
the conduit.
358 '
-------
US081G
Brennan, B. E. Method of burning
combustible scum. U.S. 3,398,705; filed
Dec. 1, 1967; issued Aug. 27, 1968.
US-0817
Hubbard, P. J. (Dorr-Oliver Incorporated),
Cyclonic reactor. U.S. 3,432,101; filed
Apr. 11, 1967; issued Mar. 11, 1969.

A process is disclosed for the subdivision
of sludge into finely divided particles
followed by extremely rapid drying and
This process involves burning combustible
scum such as sewage scum. The scum is
collected and transported to a tank through
which water flows. The scum is ignited,
thereby burning on the surface of the liquid
in the container. Pressurized air flows
through the chamber slightly above the
surface level of the liquid, and low pressure
air is discharged into the air around the
margin of the combustion chamber. The
scum is pierced and agitated periodically
at slightly spaced points as combustion
occurs.
combustion of the divided sludge. The
equipment involved is a cyclonic reactor
which utilizes high-velocity swirling hot
combustion gases in combination with a method
of atomized spraying of the sludge against
the interior surface of a thin heat-conducting
shell. The shell is heated on both sides by
the combustion gases.
Reclamation and Recovery
US-0818
Howe, A. F. (Centrifugal and Mechanical
Industries, Inc.), Dewatering and coking
slurry coal. U.S. 2,474,251; filed Dec. 9,
1944; issued June 28, 1949.

In the recovery of sludge or slurry coal,
the material is discharged onto the end of an
;^^
'•v#x#
359
-------
Sludge
inclined vibratory screen. A tank receives
the fluent sludge, slurry, and usable coal
passing through the screen. Contents of the
tank are constantly agitated and pass out of
the tank by an outlet pipe into a
centrifugal drying machine. The sludge or
slurry coal delivered to either of two
centrifugal drying machines will be
dehydrated. All usable coal is discharged
downward through an apron or passage. The
water and finer mesh impurities are
discharged from the machine as waste. This
waste may enter a clarifier mechanism to
clear the water and condition it for reuse.
A conveyor moves the usable coal from the
centrifuge to a mechanism which distributes
it for combustion.
US-0819
Berl, E. Processes for making activated
carbon. U.S. 2,567,468; filed Apr. 27,
1948; issued Sept. 11 , 1951.

This process utilizes numerous raw materials
for producing an activated, powdered, partly
hydrophobic intermediate product which can
be made into briquets of desired shape and
particle size which can then be converted
into highly activated carbons. The
carbonaceous raw materials, including
water-soluble acid sludges from oil
refineries, dense wood, lignite, waste
sulfite liquor, etc. are treated with
activating agents, e.g. potassium salts,
precoalifying the resultant potassium salts
of sulfonic and carboxylic acids of phenols
at 300 to 600 C, and grinding the resultant
material into powder. For briquetting, a
finely powdered binder, e.g. phenol
formaldehyde resin, is added followed by
heating at 130 to 250 C under high pressure
(500 to 10,000 psi) which polymerizes the
resin. During this time the material can be
molded into any desired shape. These
specific steps may be varied depending upon
individual requirements.
US-0820
Geraghty, C. J., and R. R. Kennedy (Modoc
Peat Moss Company), Treatment of sewage
sludge. U.S. 2,861,877; filed July 22, 1954;
issued Nov. 25, 1958.

Sewage sludge is treated to convert it into
a fertilizer. Sewage sludge is filtered
into a layer of loose porous cellulosic
material (such as peat moss) to partially
dewater it. The mass is allowed to stand
until its total moisture content is reduced
about 30 percent to 50 percent. Tilling of
the mass is followed by re-flooding and
drying. This sequence of operation is
repeated four or five times. The final
product is ready for use as a garden or
agricultural fertilizer.
US-0821
Greenfield, C. Apparatus and process for
dehydrating waste solid concentrates. U.S.
3,323,575; filed Apr. 5, 1966; issued June 6,
1967.

In dehydrating waste salids concentrates,
particularly sewage sludge, the sludge is
mixed with an oil to obtain a mixture which
will remain fluid and pumpable after it is
dehydrated. The sludge is subjected to
heat evaporation by steam in a sequence of
steps. The final slurry of sludge and oil
is subjected to a mechanical pressure of
either a static or dynamic variety. This
forces the greater part of the oil content
to leave the solids. This oil is recycled
and used for mixing with incoming sludge.
These solids are relatively dry, oil-free,
and fat-free and can be utilized as
fertilizer, animal feed, or for other
purposes.
360
-------
US-0822
Hinkebein, J. A. (Monsanto Company),
Process for recovering phosphorus from
sludge. U.S. 3,-436,184; filed Aug. 25,
1964; issued Apr. 1, 1969.

In the production of elemental phosphorus
by the thermal reduction of phosphatic
materials, the sludge contains varying
amounts of phosphorus which renders
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problems of disposal as well as lowering
the yield of phosphorus produced. The
phosphorus content of the sludge is
reduced by mixing a water-soluble inorganic
hexavalent oxy-chromium compound with the
sludge to improve the separation of
phosphorus in the sludge.
US-0823
Davis, N. S. (North American Rockwell
Corporation), Combined waste treatment and
cement-making method and means. U.S.
3,442,498; filed June 13, 1967; issued
May 6, 1969.

An activated sludge sewage treatment
process is combined with a cement-making
process for making cement economically
from normally waste materials. Activated
sludge from a sewage treatment plant is
flocculated with sequential additions of
carbon dioxide and calcium oxide, filtered,
and fed to a cement kiln. The organics in
the sludge reduce fuel requirements in the
kiln and the resultant clinker is in the
Portland cement composition range. A
combined sewage treatment plant and plant
for producing portland cement would consist
of: a primary settler, an activated sludge
system, a secondary settler for concentrating
the activated sludge, a mixer for adding
4 /*^o
-------
Spreading
kiln where the material is finally treated
and cooled by air passed through the cooler
and the fluidized bed and further to the
rotary kiln, where the material is finally
burned and cooled and sluiced out.
Advantages of the system are that the
combination kiln requires less space than
the rotary kilns used previously and that
the material in the combined kilns can be
treated at a lower temperature.
US-0827
Brunei, H. Products from acid sludges.
U.S. 3,470,006; filed Oct. 21, 1965;
issued Sept. 30, 19691.

A method is provided for disposing of
acid sludges and other waste products of
the petroleum industry while simultaneously
producing a useful product. The acid sludges
are neutralized by adding them to a powdered
neutralizing agent dispersed in a thick
resinous solvent mixture which is liquid at
50 to 90 C. The solvent mixture comprises
5 to 60 percent of the basic mastic
composition and is made up of a mixture
of materials selected from the group of
bituments, higher fatty acids, resinlc
acids, naphthenic acids, and tall oil, with
the provision that up to 70 percent
(preferably 5 to 30 percent) of the mixture
is preferably natural or synthetic drying
oils, unsaturated hydrocarbon extracts
obtained in oil refining processes, and
unsaturated, drying hydrocarbon polymers
and resins obtained from the preparation
of light hydrocarbon fuels by the steam
cracking process. Up to 15 percent
(preferably 0.5 to 15 percent) of the
mixture is preferably a mineral oil. The
mastic compositions made by this process
may be used as waterproofing sealants,
coating materials, calking agents, and
impregnating agents.
US-0826
Sanders, M. D., and J. Kealy (Swift and
Company), Utilization of phosphoric acid
sludge. U.S. 3,457,061; filed Mar. 29, 1965;
issued July 22, 1969.

Evaporator sludge formed during the
manufacture of wet-process, phosphoric
acid is converted into a valuable
phosphatic granulating reagent adapted
for use in the production of plant foods.
The normally solid evaporator sludge is
rendered pumpable in steps by diluting the
sludge, which contains about 42 to 54
percent phosphorus pentoxide, with one part
sulfuric acid for 0.9 to 3.1 parts sludge,
agitating the mixture, and cooling the
mixture to a temperature not in excess of
300 F for less than 5 hr to produce a
pumpable viscosity of the sludge of at
least about 200 centipoises at 105 F, but
not substantially in excess of 500
centipoises at 60 F.
SPREADING
US-OS 28
Oberkamper, 1. E. (I. E. Oberkamper, E. L.
Oberkamper, and 0. 0. Oberkamper), Loading
device for manure spreaders. U.S. 2,368,422;
filed Feb. 18, 1944; issued Jan. 30, 1945.

This tractor-drawn manure spreader has a
power-driven elevator conveyor. A manure
spreader is attached to the loader mechanism
so that it can be loaded as the conveyor is
operated. An elevator conveyor extends
from a point above the body of the manure
spreader diagonally to the ground level.
The conveyor is powered by the tractor's
power take-off. In operation, the
device is lowered with the conveyor blade
riding on the ground. The manure is dug or
scraped from the ground by the blade and
delivered onto the lower end of the conveyor.
362
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Cross cleats advance the manure up the belt
to a discharge point at the upper end of the
conveyor. The manure is discharged downward
into the body of the manure spreader.
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US-0829
Atkinson, R. L. Agricultural distributor
for spreading manures, fertilizers, or the
like over the ground. U.S. 2,621,934;
filed June 11, 1948; issued Dec. 16, 1952.

This spreader raises a number of impellers
which throw fertilizer beyond the wheel
tracks of the vehicle. A trailer vehicle
body is mounted on a single axle with two
wheels. An endless conveyor serves as the
floor of the body and is powered by
movement of the vehicle axle. Movement of
the conveyor is toward the distributing
mechanism on the rear of the body. The
distributing mechanism comprises two rotary
cross shafts, each carrying fork-like
projections. These tines are arranged to
mesh with each other, the lower one just
clearing the conveyor belt as it passes.
Below these rotary shafts, the impeller
shaft, with several blades attached, docs
the actual distributing. All shafts are
chain-driven with a supply of power coming
from the rotation of the wheels. When the
distributing mechanism is removed, the
spreader can be used as an ordinary trailer.
US-0830
Berger, G. C., and A. 0. Myrold. Straw and
stalk disintegrating and scattering
equipment. U.S. 2,677,550; filed Jan. 5,
1950; issued May 4, 1954.
A device for disintegrating and scattering
stalks and straw of harvested crops is
fastened to the discharge end of a
harvesting machine. Straw and stalks are
discharged from the harvester into the open
housing on a rotating drum. They are
conveyed laterally to a rotary knife which
is driven at a high rate of speed. The
363
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Spreading
straw and stalks are reduced into small
pieces by the scissor-like cutting action
of the knives. The rapidly-rotating motor
draws the finely disintegrated straw and
stalks into a rotor housing. As they are
engaged by the motor, the small pieces are
flung outward through the discharge against
the scattering device. Two scattering
devices discharge the material on each side
of the machine.
US-0831
Juzwiak, E. A., and F. S. Ajero. (Avco
Manufacturing Corporation), Hand-operated
fertilizer spreader. U.S. 2,678,145; filed
May 22, 1952; issued May 11, 1954.

A hand-operated unit to spread materials
such as fertilizers has a reservoir hopper
or bin, supported on a pair of wheels, and
29
has a handle for pushing. A series of
agitators are. located in the lower part of
the bin and are aligned with one another
in a horizontal position. These agitators
are secured to an agitator shaft which also
serves as the axle for the wheels. Forward
motion of the unit transmits power to the
rotary shaft. By means of a one-way clutch,
the only direction the agitators will move is
forward. The size of the feed openings on
the bottom plate are adjusted by a control
on the handle. This unit works ideally for
a small-sized lawn.
US-0832
Neighbour, L. B. (Deere and Company),
Material spreader with tilting body. U.S.
2,699,948; filed Aug. 17, 1950; issued Jan. 18,
1955.

This material spreader is utilized on farms
for the spreading or distribution of manure
and other fertilizers. The spreader body
can be tilted so that the material may be
discharged over an upper edge portion of
one of the walls. The body is in the form
of an elongated tank having a semi-
cylindrical shape. It is carried on
the frame by means that provide for tilting
of the body about the principal axis. When
tilted, the upper edge of one of the side
walls is lowered relative to the rest of
the body and material will flow toward this
edge. A beater or spreader is located along
this edge for distributing the material as
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and straw would utilize this
disintegrating and scattering device.
It is attached to a standard harvesting
machine or combine and uses a minimum of
power, and is designed to reduce
manufacturing and operating costs. An
auger-type conveyor is arranged with
respect to the discharge of the combine
to convey stalks and straw in a uniform
flow to a set of rotary cutter elements
which coordinate with fixed cutters.
Spiral flanges on the auger conveyor act
to balance it for high-speed work. After
the material is reduced, a second rotor
body opposite the cutter elements acts to
scatter the particles in a lateral path.
rapidly rotate from power supplied by a
machine-driven belt. Straw or stalks are
discharged downward ontp a plate which
deflects them slightly forward where they
fall into engagement with the outer end
portions of the arms rotating beneath the
discharge opening. The blades, traveling
at an extremely high velocity, will sever
portion of the straw and carry the remainder
into engagement with a shear plate. The
shear edge and the leading sharpened edges
cooperateIto sever the straw and stalks
into small fragments. Fragments strike
the skirt panels and are deflected downward
to the ground.
US-0834
Stevens, E. G. Stalk and straw
disintegrating and distributing mechanism,
U.S. 2,848,238; filed Feb. 8, 1956;
issued Aug. 19, 1958.

This mechanism is used for fragmentizing
and scattering straw and stalks discharged
from harvesting equipment. The device is
located on the rear of a harvesting machine
and should be adjusted to the proper crop
and field before using. Cutter arms
US-0835
Simpson, J. E. Combination straw-chopping
and spreading apparatus. U.S. 2,886,331;
filed Oct. 28, 1953; issued May 12, 1959.
A plant-chopping and distributing mechanism
is used in connection with combines or other
harvesting equipment. The device is
attached to the discharge end of a
365
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Spreading
conventional agricultural machine.
Grain or beans harvested by the machine
are removed from plants. Straw stalks
or vines are elevated and carried to the
rear of the machine for discharge into the
device. An attachment is provided for
receiving the straw and cutting it into
smaller lengths by a chopping action.
The resulting short lengths of straw are
evenly scattered directly upon the ground
or soil traveled over by the machine for
soil conditioning purposes.
US0837
Erny, W. Rotary agricultural mixer and
scatterer. U.S. 2,988,367; filed Dec. 15,
1959; issued June 13, 1961.

This spreader is a rotary scattering
unloader which mixes f cesh manure with
old manure or fertilizer. A drum is
used for receiving the material to be
mixed and scattered, a 3 housed in
bearings of a chassis frame by means of
US-0836
Elwick, K. D. Flail-type material
unloader. U.S. 2,886,332; filed June 3,
1957; issued May 12, 1959.

This manure spreader provides for a
decreased power requirement and
increased capacity. Manure or other
material is loaded into a cylindrical
tank. Material loaded in the spreader
will hold flail implements in position
until a shaft is rotated. Initial
rotation of the shaft will cause chains
to wrap themselves around the shaft.
Upon removal of the manure, the chain will
be free to extend radially. The manure is
gradually unloaded from the body until the
chains are fully extended. Free ends of
the chains engage the manure adjacent to
the shaft to drive the material over the
side. The chains are mounted the full
length of the shaft so that material from
all parts of the loader will be thrown
over the right edge of the container.
The flailing operation of the chains and
the drags will operate to pulverize the
material in the spreader as well as unload
material outside the spreader body.
Power is supplied to the spreader by a
tractor power take-off.
an axle, and is driven by a rim gear on
the inside of the vehicle wheels. A
knife shaft is supported on two side
swing arms at approximately the level of
the drum-axle. They project between
hoops in the drum and eliminate the
pressure of the manure against the drum
surface. The knives are powered by the
wheels and rotate at a much faster speed
than the manure. It is possible to
scatter the manure by swinging the lid
to the drum open and moving the spreader
forward.
366
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US 0838
Smoker, I. Z., and C. Ritchey (Sperry
Rand Corporation), Manure spreader.
U.S. 3,010,726; filed Feb. 24, 1958;
issued Nov. 28, 1961.

This manure spreader has means for loading,
transporting, and distributing fertilizer
while retaining the value of the humus and
liquids contained in the fertilizer. A
body, which is liquid-tight, is mounted on
a wheeled chassis. Manure is loaded into
it with the associated liquids contained
within. The loaded body is transported by
a tractor to the area to be fertilized.
It is then elevated for gravitating the contents
toward a well formed in the rear of the
body structure. Within this well is
an endless conveyor which is driven at
a selected speed, by power delivered from
the tractor. This conveyor operates to
move the manure and liquid into the path
of operation of a distributor mechanism.
The distributor has beater shafts and a
scatterer which discharges the manure
onto the ground.
US0839
Elwick, K. D. (Hawk Bilt Manufacturing
Corporation), Material unloading
apparatus. U.S. 3,048,409; filed Jan. 31,
1961; issued Aug. 7, 1962.
This apparatus for unloading and spreading
material can be used for any type of coarse
and granular material. The spreader has a
body, which is mounted on wheels, with a
semi-circular liner that extends the
length of the body and forms bottom and
side walls. An unloading shaft is
mounted on the axis of the liner and
connected to the power take-off of the
pulling means. Centrifugal unloading
flails are attached to the shaft and carry
slings at their outer ends to unload the
material. A helical conveyor auger extends
the length of the body and moves the
material along the shaft. Slinger rods clean
out the rear end of the body and cleaning
rods clean out the front end of the body.
The body is easily and completely unloaded,
leaving no residue.
US-0840
Ament, A. L., and P. P. Rupp. Side
delivery manure spreader. U.S.
3,075,776; filed Aug. 5, 1960; issued
Jan. 29, 1963.

This manure spreader is adapted to more
evenly spread manure on one side of a
machine, without excessive compression.
Manure is deposited in the body of the
machine. As the machine is moved forward
367
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Spreading
by a tractor, a spiked scattering roller
is rotated. Another roller is located
beneath the scattering roller to conduct
particulate matter over the upper
roller without compressing manure between
the rollers. The lower roller rotates
faster than the upper one to discharge the
material in a sideward and upward direction.
A feed blade is movably mounted to the body
of the spreader. This follower blade
moves toward the scattering rollers and
as the load is scattered, the follower
engages a gear which reverses its motion
follower moves back and the body is then
ready to be reloaded.
The
US-0841
Ferris, R. G. (Starline, Inc.),
Material unloader and spreader with
extensible flails. U.S. 3,161,412; filed
Feb. 26, 1963; issued Dec. 15, 1964.

Material spreaders of this type are used
principally for spreading refuse on farm
fields. The spreader is drawn behind a
farm tractor and the unloader shaft is
driven from the tractor power take-off.
The operator winds all the flails onto the
loader assembly before the container is
filled with material. A hinged leg is
then folded so as to release the clutch rod
and disengage the clutch pins. A load of
material to be spread is unloaded from the
end portions of the container by the outer
set of flails. The inner flails do not
unwind from the unloader assembly. When the
operation is completed, the operator pulls
the control cord to engage the clutch pins
which control the inner flails. Then the
central portion of the load is spread.
US-0842
Dail, J. P. (Starline, Inc.), Material
unloader and spreader. U.S. 3,176,994;
filed Mar. 8, 1963; issued Apr. 6, 1965.

This material unloader and spreader is a
flail-type spreader in which the drive for
the unloader mechanism is derived from
rotation of the supporting wheels. A
cylindrical material container has a
hinged cover and is mounted on a wheeled
carriage. On the unloader shaft, a number
of flails are attached which handle the
actual unloading process. The shaft is
driven by a chain attached to a sprocket
on the end of the shaft. When the wheels
are moved, the chain, *'hich is attached
to the shaft and one wieel, moves the
sprocket which operates the flails. A
hand-operated clutch activates the
unloader shaft. This invention is
particularly adapted to requirements
where the tractor has no power take-off.
US-0843
Haley, 0. A. Granular material
spreading machine. U.S. 3,185,486;
filed Aug. 27, 1962; issued May 25, 1965.

This machine is adapted for spreading
granular material, such as fertilizer.
Granular material is discharged into a
bin, falling through a narrowing throat
368
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onto a baffle plate, then discharged
from the plate in regular quantities
onto a pan. Material is moved toward
the rear of the body upon movement
of the device. Spreading blades are
located on the rear of the body and
rotate in opposite directions. The
material moves out of the pan onto the
spreader blades and is thrown to the
rear and side of the machine.
as efficiently for loading and unloading
liquids as well as manure.
US-0844
De Jong, F. Fertilizer spreader. U.S.
3,206,215; filed Feb. 27, 1964; issued
Sept. 14, 1965.

This fertilizer spreader is adapted for
use not only with various types of manure
and commercial fertilizers, but also for
use as a liquid-spraying apparatus. A
suitable hopper or fertilizer-holding
chamber is provided with an opening for
receiving and discharging material to be
spread. A steel tube extends to the rear
of the hopper and connects with an
opening in the rear wall of the hopper.
This allows the fertilizer to be forced in
and out of the hopper through the conduit.
An auger or screw conveyor aids in the
loading and discharge procedures, as well
as fans or blowers which assist in
scattering the material. The various fan
blades and screw conveyors are well-fitted
in the conduit so that the apparatus works
4CH8
US-0845
McLeland, H. H. (L. H. Schultz
Manufacturing Company) , Ma'terial unloading
device. U.S. 3,229,984; filed Nov. 20,
1963; issued Jan. 18, 1966.

This spreader is adapted for materials such
as fertilizer and manure, where the solid
and liquid consistencies may be widely
varying. An unloading device has a
U-shaped or semi cylindrical container
which is liquid-tight. A rotating shaft
extends from one end of the container to
the other and is powered by the"power
take-off of a tractor pulling the device.
This unloader mechanism has small members
extending outward from the shaft. The
loaded spreader is pulled to a field and
the power take-off actuated; arm elements
cut through the material. A centrifugal
impeller is connected to the hydraulic
system of the tractor; it acts upon
369
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Spreading
material in the container and unloads it
through an opening. The impeller arms
create a pressurized air condition which
propels the material onto the ground in a
uniform pattern, and the rate of
distribution may be adjusted by controlling
the speed of the impeller. All types of
fertilizer can be spread uniformly and
evenly with this device.
US-0846
Yuenger, R. L., H. J. Ferris, and R. G.
Ferris (Starline, Inc.), Material unloading
and spreading device. U.S. 3,229,985; filed
Dec. 11, 1964; issued Jan. 18, 1966.

This material unloader and spreader may
be loaded with refuse by driving it
beneath the end of a barn gutter cleaner
conveyor. A cylindrical container is
equipped with an unloader shaft connected
to both ends of the container. A helical
feed screw is attached to the unloader
shaft with mounting eyes to receive flail
chains. Rotation of the shaft will unload
the container; if rotation is to the right,
the material will be discharged to the right,
or if to the left, discharge will be to the
left. A transmission assembly is attached
to the tractor's power take-off allowing
rotation of the unloading shaft in either
direction.
US-0847
Ferris, R. G. (Starline, Inc.), Flail-
type material spreader with dirigible
wheels. U.S. 3,229,986; filed Mar. 29,
1965; issued Jan. 18, 1966.

This flail-type material spreader has
wheels which can be steered for easy
maneuverability. A cylindrical container
has an unloader shaft provided with
flexible flails, the power for the shaft
being derived from the tractor's power
take-off. The container rests on two
wheels which are pivoted at the ends of the
Ti'TfYill i
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axle and can be steered. A hydraulic
cylinder and piston unit supply the power
required for steering. A control valve on
the tractor seat permits the operator to
steer the wheels independently of the front
wheels of the tractor. The tractor operator
can be protected from the discharging
material when the wheels are properly
maneuvered.
US 0848
Wood, G. C. Combined mill and spreader.
U.S. 3,301,566; filed Mar. 10,
1964; issued Jan, 31, 1967.

This portable, wagon-type apparatus is
a combined mill, mixer, and spreader for
materials such as silage, manure, or
similar materials. The body of the
mechanism is mounted on wheels and has an
open top. A rotary hsater unit is movable
in a lengthwise direction with the body,
so as to come in contact with material
throughout the length of the body. A
370
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pair of hydraulic cylinders are mounted to
the chassis and the heater unit. They
serve to move the heater along the body.
Pover is supplied by the tractor's power
take-off shaft. Different materials may
be placed in the body in layers and all are
mixed together by the heater unit before
discharging.
US-0849
Moran, J. N. (Phillips Petroleum Company),
Apparatus for supplying fertilizer to the
soil. U.S. 3,319,589; filed Aug. 2, 1965;
issued May 16, 1967.

This fertilizer-supplying apparatus is
carried by another applicator vehicle for
494
the purpose of introducing a liquid
fertilizer into the soil. The assembly
comprises a disk-type rotatab]e colter or
chisel for cutting a furrow in the soil.
A clamp is adapted to be attached to the
tool bar of a fertilizer applicator
vehicle. Horizontal pivot means connect
the clamp and a portion of the applicator
assembly to maintain the assembly in a
horizontal position. Vertical pivot
means connect the horizontal pivot means
and the col ter to maintain the colter in
a vertical position. An injection knife
includes a nozzle connected to the
vertical pivot means. It is carried
behind the colter for injecting fertilizer
into the furrow formed by the colter.
US-0850
Kellogg, C. W. (A. 0. Smith Harvestore
Products Incorporated), Manure-handling
system. U.S. 3,367,583; filed July 6,
1965; issued Feb. 6, 1968.
This animal manure handling system is
designed for the accumulation, storage,
and subsequent distribution of manure in a
liquid form. A liquid storage tank is
buried with a ground-level opening. It
contains a pump unit on one side of the
tank and a rotatable hydraulic jet unit
located in the center of the tank. The
pump is designed to be powered by a
tractor's power take-off and is mounted
on a trailer for movement. The rotatable
jet unit utilizes a horizontal off-center
nozzle connected at the bottom end of a
conduit assembly, centrally and vertically
located within the tank. This conduit
assembly consists of two telescoping
conduits, the upper portion of which is
securely fastened to a wall of the tank
and the lower portion is secured by a
rack and pinion assembly, allowing
vertical positioning of the jet nozzle.
The jet nozzle is secured to the vertical
conduit assembly in a freely rotatabJe
manner. It is also connected to a ring
gear and pin assembly which is part of a
rotatable shaft assembly extending upward
through the top of the tank. This
assembly allows manual locking of the jet
nozzle in one position. The jet unit and
pump unit are connected by means of a
transfer conduit which is fitted at both
ends with quickly detachable joints. This
371
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Street Cleaning
allows the conduit to connect the pump to
the jet unit or the pump to a discharge
tank trailer truck.
US 0851
Vissers, H. (Landbouwwerktuigen en
Machinefabriek H. Vi^sers N. V.),
Apparatus for spreading powdered or granular
fertilizers. U.S. 3,372,877; filed Apr. 8,
1966; issued Mar. 12, 1968.

An apparatus is designed for spreading
powdered or granular fertilizers. The
spreader is provided with a storage hopper
supported on a traveling frame. A bowl
is located below the discharge me ath of
the hopper. The bowl has a spout with
outlet holes and a driving means for
angularly reciprocating the bowl on a
vertical shaft. An agitator is located
on the shaft in the lower part of the
hopper. Two superimposed discs provided
with passage holes are located between the
outlet mouth of the hopper and the bowl.
Each disc is angularly adjustable with
respect to the other. In operation, the
agitator exerts a pressure on the
fertilizer and the fertilizer falls into
the bowl through the passage holes of the
disc.
US-0852
Siwersson, 0. L., and K. G. Tell. Manure
spreaders. U.S. 3,478,970; filed Apr. 1,
1968; issued Nov. 18, 1969.

A spreading apparatus for natural or
artificial manure has a supply container,
a conveyor projecting upwardly over the
supply container, and the manure spreader.
The spreader comprises a conveyor screw in
a cylindrical housing and spreading means
mounted at the upper free end of the
conveyor and rotatable about an axis
common to the screw, the housing, and the
spreading means. The material to be
spread is released at the side of the
housing and the centrifugal force in
rotating the housing is exploited to
impart an initial movement to the
material. Due to the spreading means
having downwardly facing and
downwardly-outwardly inclined guide
surfaces for the manure to be spread,
it is possible to keep the manure
L"*
better collected during its movement
between the spreader and the ground.
At the same time the iranure will be more
uniformly distributed over the ground.
STREET CLEANING
US-0853
Daneman, B., and H. E. Paulson. (Central
Engineering Company, Inc.), Street-cleaning
apparatus. U.S. 3,193,867; filed
Aug. 12, 1963; issued July 13, 1965.

A combined vacuum pick-up and water-flushing
street-cleaning apparatus comprises a
self-propelled vehicle which has an
auxiliary power device mounted on it, and
a closeable tank with a closeable rear
dump door. There is a means for mounting
the tank at the rear of the vehicle about
a transverse pivot axis for dumping material
to the rear from the tank out the dump door,
A blower is mounted on the vehicle and driven
by the power device, A duct places this
blower in communication with the tank. The
duct is formed in two separate and scalable
sections to permit automatic separation of
the tank when the tank is not tilted. A
372
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vacuum pick-up nozzle is detachably secured
to the tank. A sump is fixed to the vehicle
and located beneath the bottom of the tank,
being spaced a distance in front of the pivot
axis. There is a stand pipe fixed to and
extending down from the tank bottom and
terminating at its open lower end in an
annular flange. The sump has an upper open
end adapted to be sealed to the flange and
in fluid receiving communication with the
stand pipe and the tank when the tank is
not tilted. A fluid pump is located on the
vehicle which has a suction side and a
pressure discharge side. The pump is
connected to the power device and driven
by it. A conduit places the sump in fluid
communication with the suction side of the
pump. Spray nozzles are fixed to the
vehicle and are in fluid receiving
communication with the discharge side of
the pump. The pump sucks fluid from the
tank through the sump and conduit and
forceably ejects it out of the nozzles.
Means are provided for selectively
controlling flow in the vacuum nozzle
and water flushing device.
US-0854
Holifield, R. B. Jet cleaning appar; us
and groove router for concrete pavements.
U.S. 3,347,597; filed Oct. 23, 1965;
issued Oct. 17, 1967.

This apparatus is for cleaning and routing
out joints in concrete pavements to remove
sealants and foreign material. This device
is used prior to the replacement of fillers
in the joints. The alignment of concrete
sections is very important along aircraft
runways and roads; removal of dust and grit
from between joints prevents this material
from being sucked into aircraft engines
or cars causing hazards to operation.
Elastic-like sealing materials must be
routinely replaced. The device to accomplish
this may be mounted on a conventional
vehicle and utilizes a controlled pressure
means for the air jet stream which dislodges
the materials. Close tolerance in pressure
controls is necessary to prevent the
widening of the joint or groove beyond a
specified dimension. A pair of plows with
router blades attached are guided along
the pavement joints to loose material;
compressed air or an air-liquid combination
is directed through a jet connected to a
nozzle to remove the material.
US-0855
Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company,
Inc.), Vacuum-type debris collector.
U.S. 3,348,258; filed June 18, 1965;
issued Oct. 24, 1967.

A mobile apparatus is designed for picking
up and removing trash and litter from
highways, streets, etc., and employs a
flexible vacuum nozzle. Connected to the
nozzle is a rotatable power boom assembly
which has controls located remote from it.
In this way, the nozzle operator may
observe and control the rotation of the
power boom assembly and direct the suction
end to debris in front or to the side of
the vehicle. The assembly and nozzle may
be retracted below the overall height of
the vehicle so that the driver may have an
unobstructed view of the road ahead and the
vehicle may pass under highway overpasses,
trees, and other similar obstacles. The
vehicle has an intake opening in the front
of the tank and a debris dumping opening in
the rear of the tank.
//N
373
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Street Cleaning
US-0856
Shaddock, R. E. (The Myers-Sherman
Company), Apparatus for collecting loose
materials in a portable collector.
U.S. 3,404,776, filed Aug. 10, 1966; issued
Oct. 8, 1968.
connected to the discharge openings insure
that exhausted air is relatively clean and
pure.
An apparatus is provided for separating
loose materials from an air stream in a
portable collector, especially in a vacuum
chamber of a street cleaner or a refuse-
collecting vehicle. The collecting box
consists of a vacuum expansion chamber and
a door for emptying the chamber. A
materials inlet to the chamber and air
outlet from the chamber are located in the
same wall of the collection box. A cyclone
separator in the chamber has an air inlet
in communication with the chamber and an air
outlet connected to the air chamber outlet.
A compressor is connected to the air chamber
outlet for establishing the suction flow of
an air stream initially containing loose
matter in a flow path from the materials
inlet, through the chamber and the
•separator, to the chamber air outlet for
depositing the loose material in the
chamber, and separating entrained material
in the separator.
US-0857
Young, W. W. Street-cleaning machine.
U.S. 3,406,423; filed Jan. 30, 1967;
issued Oct. 22, 1968.

This self-propelled street-cleaning vehicle
removes dv\st and litter from streets and
highways without using water. Frame-mounted
brushes scour the surface of the road, and a
suction nozzle behind the brushes picks up
the agitated dirt and debris. A collection
bin carried on the frame receives the waste
material being discharged from the vacuum
system. Screens and baffles, which divide
the collection bin into two chambers,
filter the dust laden air passing through
the system. Finally, cyclone separators
US-0858
Rush, R. C. Lawn and parking lot cleaner.
U.S. 3,406,424; filed ^ug. 1, 1966; issued
Oct. 22, 1968.
This self-propelled cleaner vehicle collects
trash and litter from such areas as parking
lots, cemeteries, parks, and golf courses.
The separate cleaning and driving units are
mounted together by a universal ball joint.
The ball joint permits the cleaning unit to
rotate, or float, with respect to the
driving unit, thereby allowing the cleaner
to adjust to variations in terrain as the
apparatus is being operated. Each of the
separate units is individually housed and
powered. The cleaner picks up the trash
by vacuum and deposits the debris in a
waste receptacle.
US 0859
Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company,
Inc.), Sound attenuator for vacuum-type
debris collector. U.S. 3,431,583;
filed May 4, 1966; issued Mar. 11, 1969.
374
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A sound attenuator is provided for
vacuum-type debris collectors used for
vacuuming trash and litter from highways,
streets, and lanes. It includes: an
attenuator box which has walls and an inlet
catch basin to vacuum debris. There is
an extension section whereby the length of
opening for the blower's exhaust duct and
an outlet opening; sound-absorbent,
air-pervious material contained in
acoustical panels removably mounted in
the proximity of, but spaced from, the
box walls for attenuating sound and
filtering dirt and water from the blower's
exhaust air; and baffles (including a
perforated baffle adjacent the outlet
opening) for directing the circuitous
flow of the air generally through the
box and the sound-absorbent material to
the outlet opening.
US0860
Daneman, B. (Central Engineering Company),
Debris collector suction pipe. U.S. 3,444,581;
filed Dec. 6, 1967; issued May 20, 1969.

A suction pipe is designed for attachment
to the flexible nozzle of a vacuum-type
debris collector and for vacuuming debris,
trash, and litter from roads, streets,
and catch basins. The suction pipe
includes an angulation section having
a substantially airtight joint whereby the
pipe may be angled so that the suction end
of it can reach the walls of the catch
basin. Tiiere is a rotation section
whereby the angled pipe may be rotated so
that the suction end may be directed to
all portions of the outer edges of the
the pipe may be extended so that the suction
end may reach the bottom of the catch basin.
US 0861
Maasberg, W. (Woma-Apparatebau Wolfgang
Maasberg and Company, G.m.b.H.),
Road-cleaning vehicle. U.S. 3,447,188;
filed Mar. 16, 1967; issued June 3, 1969.

This road-cleaning vehicle has an array of
nozzles for directing high-pressure jets of
water against a ground surface transversely
375
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Street Cleaning
to the direction of movement of the vehicle
and a suction head having a longitudinally
extending sjot parallel to the nozzle array
and opening close to the ground surface in
front of the nozzles. Under subatmospheric
pressure, the entrained particles and the
liquid are drawn upward from the ground
surface. The suction head is connected in
series with a settling (sedimenting) tank
while the nozzle array trains its jets upon
the ground surface directly beneath the
mouth of the suction head. An air curtain
is provided to form a barrier to the
passage of liquid beyond the mouth of the
suction head as the vehicle moves along the
road surface. At least part of the water
impinging upon the road surface is collected
and purified for reuse.
- Suction/Blower
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US-0862
Juno, A. R. (First National Bank in Quanah,
Tex.), Litter collector-pulverizer. U.S.3,449,780;
filed Mar. 24, 1966; issued June 17, 1969.

An apparatus for collecting litter scattered
over a right-of-way adjacent to public
thoroughfares traverses the course with
three elements connected in tandem. A lead
element collects the litter during movement
along a traverse by picking up the litter
with upwardly moving tines and by
transferring the litter to an intermediate
element which delivers the litter to the
trailing element. The trailing element
includes a flail drum Aich has hammer
elements pivotally mounted on it in order
to fragmentize the litter by impact and
also to drive the litter into a storage
location in response to the impact.
376
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US-0863
Sherrill, C. A., and L. M. Barnette.
Vacuum-type street cleaner. U.S. 3,460,186;
filed May 29, 1967; issued Aug. 12, 1969.

A mobile street cleaner employs suction to
remove light litter such as leaves, paper,
and similar rubbish from street surfaces.
street surface. The pivoting is yieldably
opposed by resilient means biasing the
conduit into a normal operating position.
The conduit is also of telescopic
construction so that its effective length
is self-adjusting in compensation of
sudden variations in street surface evenness.
r-~7*' 4--J
*~ ^
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Street Cleaning
operative position. Means for quick mounting
and removal of arms and shovel are also
provided.
This trailer may be detachably connected with
a towing vehicle for collecting, elevating,
and discharging snow into a truck
compartment. Power-ope rated means are
provided with an adjusting mechanism for
snow inlet means relative to the road
surface over which the device travels.
A laterally-extending pdow or blade is
provided for collecting and directing the
snow to the inlet means. The .plow blade
elevation may be controlled; an
anti-friction guide is provided on the
outer blade end for rolling contact
(as with a curb). A diaw bar connection
is provided for attaching the device to
the rear of a truck.
US-0866
Hasskamp, F. C. (S. E. Koop, L. Hasskamp,
M. H. Murphy, I. H. Roth, F. H. Hasskamp, R
J. Hasskamp, K. J. Hasskamp, and P. A.
Hasskamp), Snow loader. U.S. 2,547,752;
filed Dec. 24, 1946; issued Apr. 3, 1951.
16 62
US-0867
Endres, J. M. (D. J. Endres, and J. M.
Endres), Disc snow plow. U.S. 2,889,640;
filed June 18, 1956; issued June 9, 1959.

A snow plow attachment for tractors
consists partly of a pair of forwardly
divergent horizontal support beams. A
horizont.il mechanism secures the rear ends
of the beams to the side frame of a tractor
adjacent to its forward end. There is a
vertical post pivotally mounted on the
forward end of eacii beam for horizontal
turning movement. This post has a
horizontal axle projecting laterally from
its lower end. A disk comprising a
snow plow is journaled on the axle for
rotation. There are resilient mechanisms
for effecting vertical tilting of each
beam about the horizontal pivot for
independently raising and lowering the
disks. These mechanisms comprise a lever
'-1
arm rigidly secured to eacli beam, a lever,
and means for pivotally mounting each
378
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lever to the rear axle housing of a tractor.
A resilient connection is made between each
lever and one of the beams, each connector
including a cylinder pivoted at one end to
a lever arm and having a longitudinal slot
in it. There is a rod which slides in the
cylinder and is pivoted to the lever. A
spring surrounds the cylinder, and a device
is attached to the spring and extends
through the slot and is secured to the rod,
thus attaching the spring to the rod.
apparatus is propelled by tractor or by
hand.
US 0868
Sedore, E. C. Snow blower. U.S. 3,296,717;
filed Dec. 12, 1962; issued Jan. 10, 1967.

A snow plow apparatus utilizes power-driven
blower mechanisms in effecting
snow-directing and snow-removing functions.
The snow-removing units include driven
impellers housed in casings with front ends
for receiving snow; units are arranged'in
tandern style in association with
snow-directing means to guide snow to the
rear as the machine moves ahead.- Also
these units help cut a path through snow.
Directing means consist of a wing extending
forward and outward from the side of the
rear removing unit. The snow-removing
US-0869
Holley, J. D. (Kershaw Manufacturing
Company, Inc.), Snow removal apparatus.
U.S. 3,305,949; filed Apr. 22, 1964;
issued Feb. 28, 1967.

Snow removal equipment is adapted to remove
snow from railroad switches. The apparatus
includes a discharge unit having an impeller
in it and a chute at one side, along with an
improved device to prevent plugging the
chute. Baffle-like members adjacent to the
receiving sides of an impeller prevent snow
from entering adjacent to the discharge side
prior to receiving needed acceleration in an
angular direction. The apparatus is simple
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Street Cleaning
to construct, economical to manufacture, and
is very efficient in railroad track snow
removal.
US-0870
Meyer, P. F., and J. L. Wolfe. Snow roller.
U.S. 3,346,973; filed Nov. 10. 1964;
issued Oct. 17, 1967.
vehicle. The frame of the roller is
connected to the vehicle and a snow-
compacting roller is rotatably mounted on
the frame. A melting material or agent
(sand, salt, or cinders) is contained in the
hopper and is distributively spread in the
path of the roll-along cleated drum. The
snow is compacted to express air from it and
the melting agent is simultaneously forced
into the snow.
A snow roller is adapted to be hitched to
and towed behind a sand truck or a similar
US-0871
Marks, A. A. Snow disposal units.
U.S. 3,353,286; filed July 30, 1964; issued
Nov. 21, 1967.

A snow disposal device for gathering and
melting snow has an automatic snow conveyor
and melter. A means is provided to change
the direction of snow throw as it is
conveyed, whether to the side of the
vehicle or into a snow melter. If the
snow-conveying means becomes clogged with
foreign matter, the gathering and conveying
means will automatically stop and can only
be re-engaged manually. In the snow melter,
a rapid and complete beat transfer is
achieved to maintain a high melting rate;
particles of snow are introduced into
highly agitated water to accomplish this
operation. The entire unit is adapted to
make a path into a snow-covered area, melt
the snow or discharge it, with provisions
for the disposition of the resultant water.
It can be inexpensive to operate while
maintaining a high degree of efficiency.
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380
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US-0872
Ober, H. C. Power-driven rotary snow
remover. U.S. 3,363,345; filed
Sept. 28, 196A; issued Jan. 16, 1968.
compacted so it leaves as a more solid
mass, effecting a better discharge.
With this rotary snow remover, snow on the
ground is engaged by a power-driven auger,
moulded to discharge position, and discharged
laterally. The rotary impeller rotates
about an axis transversely extended from
the carriage to enable more efficient snow
removal and better control of the discharge
from the impeller. Snow picked up is
moved to a midpoint on the carriage and
is thrown centrifugally through a discharge
chute. Before ejection, the snow is
US-0873
Picker, H. J. Disposal. U.S. 3,393,462;
filed July 30, 1965; issued July 23, 1968.

This motor-driven snow or waste
material-collecting vehicle has a
rotary transverse pick-up conveyor
at its forward end which delivers
material to a conduit that empties into
a heating chamber mounted on the rear
portion of the vehicle. Gas burner jets
horizontally arranged at various levels
heat the chamber. Rotary agitating
rollers are mounted in the chamber
between the levels of the burner jets.
A screen tray is movably mounted in
the lower portion of the chamber and a
collection tank is positioned beneath
the tray. An air compressor feeds air
to the jet burners. The pick-up
conveyor is mounted in a housing
provided with a suction blower impeller
driven from the vehicle engine. The
various rotary parts of the machine are
driven from the vehicle engine through
a transmission which may be used to drive
the ground-engaging wheels of the vehicle
when it is not collecting waste material.
381
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StreeC Cleaning

Sweepers
US0874
Mott, C. W. (Elgin Sweeper Company),
Street-sweeping machine. U.S. 2,614,279;
filed Jan. 2, 1948; issued Oct. 21, 1952.

A street-sweeping machine includes a
body with an obliquely upward and forward
open front face portion. Brooms are
provided for sweeping a surface over
which the machine is directed. The
sweepings are delivered to the open
front face portion. A dirt bucket has
its major axis normal to the oblique front
face portion and has its upper end
cooperatively related to the oblique front
face portion to receive the sweepings.
The dirt bucket is connected to the sweeper
body for movement of the bucket into an
elevated position separated from the front
face portion. The bucket has a removable
portion at a remote end from its open face
portion which is displaceable, when the
bucket is elevated, for the discharge of
the bucket contents.
US-0875
Keogh, H. B. Street refuse-collecting and
transporting machine. U.S. 2,690,353;
filed Sept. 2, 1950; issued Sept. 28, 1954.
A street-sweeping machine provides for
the transportation and disposal of refuse
collected, elevated, and deposited in a
hopper mounted on the machine while moving
along a roadway. The dirt and rubbish may
be discharged from a hopper on the front
directly into a disposal vehicle, thereby
avoiding the slow and expensive manual
shoveling operation. The front position of
the hopper makes it clearly visible to the
driver. As a whole, the machine is of
simple, durable, and inexpensive
contruction, efficient in use, and operable
by a single person.
US-0876
Link, C. T., R. F. Schmidt, and J. S.
Gooden (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street
sweeper dirt box assembly.
U.S. 2,828,037; filed Sept. 24, 1954;
issued Mar. 25, 1958.,
ft;
\ street sweeper dire box assembly is
arranged within a street sweeper. There
is a floor arranged to receive and support
382
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dirt, and a pair of side walls, along with
at least one end wall to prevent flow of
the dirt off the floor. The dirt box
may normally be in a generally horizontal
dirt-receiving position in relation to
the floor, but is arranged to be tilted
to a position to discharge the dirt from
it. The dirt box may receive dirt
directly from a street sweeper broom,
but most preferably the sweeper has
an upwardly inclined conveyor for receiving
dirt from the broom and conveying it
upward to discharge it onto the dirt box
floor which is disposed underneath an
upper portion of the conveyor. One end
portion of the dirt box is close to the
lower end of the conveyor with the
opposite end portion projecting beyond
a point in vertical alignment with the
upper end of the conveyor so as to make
maximum use of the space below the
conveyor within the street sweeper.
The dirt box is tillable to discharge
dirt from the end farthest from the
lower end of the conveyor, and about
an axis adjacent to that end. The
dirt box is arranged to expel its
contents when a door on the street
sweeper housing is opened.
US0877
Schmidt, R. F., and H. A. Leidecker
(Elgin Sweeper Company), Street-
sweeping machine. U.S. 3,024,485;
filed Oct. 30, 1959; issued Mar. 13, 1962.
A street-sweeping machine consists of a
cylindrically shaped rotary main broom
mounted on the machine and driven in
rotation to sweep the dirt on the street
surface forward. A side broom, also
driven in rotation, sweeps the dirt
inward. Extending in front and upward
from the main broom is a conveyor belt,
which carries the dirt into a hopper
on the machine. A single unit conveyor
frame supports the rolls of the conveyor
belt. The frame may be lifted. A pair
of side shoes supported at the sides of
the conveyor frame extend toward the end
of the broom, and have longitudinal edges
for sliding along the street surface.
Pivotal arms are connected to the shoes
at a central spot. A spring connects the
forward end of the shoo to the arm,
enabling the shoes to pivot freely over
obstacles. When the conveyor frame is
lifted, the shoes pivot counterclockwise
until they hit a stop pin. Arm movement
then ceases, and the shoes are lifted up
with the frame.
US-0878
Schmidt, R. F. , and H. A. Leidecker
(Elgin Sweeper Company), Street-sweeping
machine. U.S. 3,037,226; filed Oct. 13, 1959;
issued June 5, 1962.
A cylindrical rotary broom adapted for
sweeping street surfaces is the main
component of street-sweeping machines.
Broom-supporting arms at the two sides of
the machine are pivotally mounted and are
each connected to the lower end of a
bearing. A cross bar extends between the
arms, connecting to each at a medial point
by ball and socket joints. A ball and
socket joint also connects an elevating
cylinder and piston to the bar. This
allows the individual arms to rock freely.
A pair of equalizing springs mounted at
their upper ends above the bar extend
laterally outward to connect at their lower
ends to the bar, thus applying a
counterbalancing equalizing force to the
383
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Street Cleaning
US0879
Schmidt, R. F., H. A. Leidocker, and D. G.
Kirk (Elgin Sweeper Company), Street
sweeper dirt box- assembly. U.S. 3,162,877;
filed Apr. 14, 1964; issued Dec. 29, 1964.
In a street-sweeping machine there is a
body at the forward end of the sweeper,
defining an upward and forward opening
dirt hopper housing. Brushes sweep the
surface over which the machine is
directed and a device is provided to
deliver the sweepings to the dirt hopper
housing. The dirt hopper is disposed in
the housing and has a hopper door
swingably mounted and extending along an
upper surface of the hopper. There is a
sweepings inlet positioned behind the
swingable door for receiving sweepings.
A pair of hollow side arms are provided
for suspending the dirt hopper from the
machine, with the arms mounted on arm
pivots at rear ends on the side body
portions, and pivotally attached at
opposite ends with opposite sides of
6/>
the dirt hopper. The arms can be pivoted
to raise and ]ower the dirt hopper. The
mechanism for this comprises a pair of
fluid cylinders, each having a ram
extended into a hollou area in association
with one of the hollov, side arms and
joined in coplanar relation with it for
compactness. A mechanism is provided for
rotating the dirt hopper on its pivots
where joined with the hollow side arms.
The dirt hopper may also be elevated and
moved through an arc to turn the hopper
upside down to allow the door to swing
open for the sweepings to fall through a
discharge outlet.
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US-0880
Murphy, T. F. Street sweeper.
U.S. 3,281,879; filed June 17, 1964;
issued Nov. 1, 1966.

This street sweeper is designed to have
four wheels, and is therefore easy to
handle without danger of upset due to
off-balance loads. It includes a single
gutter sweeper mounted so it can be seen
by the operator, thus making operation
safer. The sweeper includes a motorized
chassis which has a hopper mounted on it
for storing debris, etc. A conveyor is
384
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mounted on the chassis for conveying the
debris into the hopper. There is a pickup
broom assembly for sweeping debris into the
conveyor, and this assembly comprises a
broom with an axle. There is a U-shaped
trailer-like frame connected to the vehicle
and this has a pair of arms which extend to
the rear of the vehicle. An axle support
mechanism on the end of the arns receives
and retains the axle of the broom.
US-0881
Murphy, T. F. Street sweeper.
U.S. 3,293,679; filed Aug. 10,
issued Dec, 27, 1966.
1965;

A street sweeper comprises a chassis with
a hopper mounted on the chassis for storing
debris. A conveyor Is mounted on the
chassis for conveying debris to the hopper.
There is a broom operably associated with
the conveyor. A pivot frame extends upward
to the top of the hopper, and there is a
pivot at the upper end and a mechanism for
pivoting the hopper about the pivot to dump
the hopper to one side of the street sweeper.
This empties the collected debits from the
hopper.
US-0382
Palraiter, D. R. , and E. R. Wilkening
(E]gin Sweeper Company), Side broom
position indicator. U.S. 3,353,199;
filed Oct. 16, 1964; issued Nov. 21,
1967.
would use this new side broom position
indicator. This control permits the
operator to know the precise position of
the side broom relative to the road surface
and/or the sweeper body. The operator can
return the side broom to its original
sweeping position after the broom has struck
an obstacle. The invention is further
concerned with a combination between a side
broom position indicator and a floating
suspension for a side broom, which would
permit travel in an irregular path to
follow irregular road contours and sweep
the bottom of road depressions. Previous
inventions necessitated manual adjustment
of side brooms, requiring the operator'to
climb out of the cab to make adjustments.
Accordingly, this control maintains the
sweeper in a more continuous operation
without interruption.
A street sweeper with a dirt hopper and one
or more side brooms for sweeping litter
US-0883
Ehrlich, S. V. (Stanley-Western
Corporation), Sweeper attachment for lift
trucks. U.S. 3,354,489; filed Mar. 16, 1966;
issued Nov. 28, 1967.

This sweeper attachment for a lift truck
includes a bin housing structure
supported by ground wheels and a sweeper
brush rotatably mounted within the housing.
The brush is driven by the ground wheels
through a friction drive which incorporates
a one-way over-riding clutch to disengage
the brush when the machine is moved in
reverse. The bin housing is connected to
the forks of a lift truck by a floating
steering and suspension system which
isolates the lift truck movements from the
bin structure. When the bin structure is
pushed forward by the truck, the brush
385
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Street Cleaning
sweeps dirt and debris forward into a bin.
The materials collected in the bin can be
dumped by elevating the entire structure
on the forks of the lift truck and by .
releasing remotely from the operator's
seat a hinged bottom portion of the bin.
A unique feature of this sweeper attachment
is that it requires no prime mover. The
floating steering and suspension system
enables the sweeper to be pushed over uneven
ground without affecting the sweeping action
of the brushes.
US-0884
Tamny, S. (Wayne Manufacturing Company),
Street sweeper pick-up broom and elevator
suspension. U.S. 3,363,274; filed Hay 16, 1966;
issued Jan. 16, 1968.
r
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An improved system is provided for lifting
a street sweeper b^oon or a trash elevator
and for flexibly supporting the broom in
sweeping position. A single mechanism is
provided to lift the elevator and support
the broom in sweeping position with low
spring rate. Material-displacing
apparatus such as a broom or trash
elevator is coordinated with supports
which move the apparatus up and down for
travel or trash displacement respectively.
These supports include a torsion bar and a
flexible (chain) line on a rotatable
tubular structure for winding and unwinding.
An adjustable device ccntrols load-resisting
torsional deflection of the torsion bar, to
control the degree of letdown of the rotary
broom against the street surface.
US-0885
Price, H. R., C. J. Adams, and S. Tamny
(Wayne Manufacturing Company), Street
sweeper hopper dump mechanism.
U.S. 3,369,685; filed Dec. 21, 1965;
issued Feb. 20, 1968.

This street sweeper collects dust and
debris for subsequent cisposal. A conveyor
transports debris to tre collection
chamber. The chamber is equipped with a
pusher plate which operates to force
collected waste materiel out of the chamber.
°\
US-0886
Larsson, H. (Aktiebolaget Huluforsuerken),
Machine for removing leaves and other debris
from the ground. U.S. 3,409,933;
filed May 18, 1966; issued Nov. 12, 196ft'

The machine comprises a housing, ground
wheels supporting the housing, a
power-driven rotatable brush mounted in
the housing and limitiig the rear of the
inlet opening for throwing leaves towards
it, an impeller arranged in the inlet
opening, and a shaft for the impeller
journaled in the housing parallel to the
brush. Shafts are arranged around the
impeller shaft, with swingable blades
about the shafts. A downwardly hanging
plate is located in front of the inlet
opening with a pressure roller capable
of vertical movement mounted in the
housing in front of th= hanging plate,
386
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for pressing down the leaves before they
reach the intake opening.
are operated by hydraulic power supplied
from the transporting vehicle.
US-0887
Copeland, J. E. Trash pickup and disposal
device. U.S. 3,447,179; filed May 8, 1967;
issued June 3, 1969.

This mobile, self-propelled trash pickup
and disposal machine is designed for
recreation areas and along highways. It
includes laterally movable, rotatable tines
or brushes which move paper, bottles, cans,
ant other debris on the terrain over which
the device travels toward a conveyor X'.'here
the debris is deposited on the entry end of
the conveyor and is carried to a hopper
mounted on the vehicle. A blower is
provided for moving the debris from the
conveyor into the hopper. The hopper
may be raised to dump the debris. The
pickup mechanism and t'.ie other end of the
conveyor are pivotally mounted with respect
to the vehicle so that they may be raised
off the ground while the device is being
transported. The device is mounted on a
tractor or like vehicle, and all components
US-0888
Taketa, H. H. Refuse-retrieving device.
U.S. 3,451,488; filed Mar. 29, 1967;
issued June U, 1969.

A compact device, which when in a first
position, may be rolled across the terrain
of either private or public grounds in
either a straight or curved path to
retrieve leaves, small pieces of paper,
and other trash and deposit them in a
hopper, when placed in a second position,
may be rolled over a hard surface without
damage. The device may be used to
perforate the ground with closely spaced
openings to provide aeration of the soil
$(,
and permit maximum absorption of water. The
apparatus has a number of longitudinally
aligned and spaced toothed rings which are
independently rotatable to permit guidance
of the device through sharp curves without
tearing or otherwise damaging turf over
which it travels. Rollers and linkage means
are placed in a second position so that the
device can move over a hard surface.
US-0889
Gehraan, R. P., E. G. Martin, and E. H.
Smith (MGS Incorporated), Foam-generating
mechanism for dust control. U.S. 3,453,678;
filed July 13, 1967; issued July 8, 1969.

A. mobile sweeping machine for cleaning paved
areas, industrial-type floor surfaces, paved
and unpaved thoroughfares, or construction
job sites is equipped with a mobile mechanism
to minimize the raising of dust. Tbe power-
operated mechanism effectively and
387
-------
Street Cleaning
inexpensively generates a substantially
continuous supply of- foam and spreads it
out in a layer of suitable thickness to
cover and adhere to a dusty surface. When
the foam-covered dust is swept into a
powered sweeping machine, no additional
carrying capacity for the swept material
is required. The foam operates to at least
partly wet or moisten the sweepings in a
manner which is more effective than when
the dust is sprinkled with a water spray,
A rotatable brush is located in back of the
foam-distributing means and an internal
combustion engine rotates the brush in a
direction to sweep the foam-penetrated dust
into an accumulated mass.
US-0890
McCandless, W. (The Scott and Fetzer
Company), Hopper for power sweeper.
U.S. 3,461,474; filed Sept. 22, 1967;
issued Aug. 19, 1969.
A power sweeper has a hopper which can be
emptied relatively easily with a simple
mechanism. The dumping door for the
hopper is located at the bottom rear
portion with the door actually constituting
part of the bottom of the hopper. The
door is pivotally mounted on the sweeper
and is simply swung tc a position to the
rear of the hopper to enable the contents
to be emptied by gravity. If the hopper
is to be emptied into an elevated
receptacle, it can be raised by a
relatively simple parallel linkage and
fluid-operated cylinder arrangement.
388
-------
ASSIGNEE INDEX
AHLSTROM OSAKEYHIIOf A.
US-U&2S
AIK PKLHEATER CO.* INC.
US-U3B4
AJ<_M LABORATORIES* INC.
US-U7ti2
AKTItlUOLAGCT HULUFORSuERKEiM
AKTILUOLAGLT LANOSVLRK
US-U33'*
AKTIc-BuLAGET NORDISKA ARMnTURFABRIKERNA
US-U513
AKTILOOLAGET SEPARATOR
US-U773. US-0774
AKTIEUuLAotlT SVENSKA FLAKTFABRlKEN
US-UOlo
AKTItSLLSKAUET Gl< I HOSTED VALRKET
ALbEMAixLE PAPtR CO.
US-U397
AUA-LAVAL AB
US-OOlb
ALLlLU CHEMICAL CORP.
US-OSOb
AULIEU STLEL AND TRACTOR PROUUCTSr INC.
ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING CO,
US-U0^7» Ub-0329. U5-U330> US-Oj67» U5-Ub76
ALPINE AKTIENbESELLSCHAFT
US-U609
AMuRoStf S.L.r J. CULLENf AND R.L. PUMMER
Ub-Uo^O
AMERICAN AIR FILTER CO. « INC.
AMERICAN CYANAMIu CO.
US-U066
AMERICAN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CORP.
US-U307' US-0309i US-U310
AMtRIC/»N DROSS DISPOSAL COi^P.
AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION* INC.
Ub-J303
AMERICAN METAL CLIMAX.
Ulj-Ub25
AMtRiCAN MOTORS CORP.
AMERICAN RADIATOR AND STANliARD SANITARY CORP.
US-U635
AMLKICAN SMELTING AtJD REhlMNG CO.
US-0521
AMERICAN TRACTOR EQUIPMENT CORP.
US-U15U
ANuERSONr K.G.
APEX STLEL CORPORATION* LTD.
ARMSTRONG CORK CO.
US-u73b
ASF GLLITVERSCHULSS G.M.U.H.
US-U393
ASHWORlHr C.R.r AND B.G. HOWARD
US-Ub96
389
-------
Assignee Index
ATlO PRODUCTS CORP.
US-01'j'J
ATLAS H.OOR SURFACING MACHINERY CO^P.
Ub.~uO.i9
ATLAS INCINERATORS. INC.
US-U372
AVCO MANUFACTURING CORP.
UL,-u631
bAuCOCK AND WILCOX CO.
US-UOU.}. US-OOOb. Ub-U271» US-0.i77» 05-0647. US-0753. US-0758
BALLAKu. Iv.O.r AND H.V. c-ONZALES
PUIJTA OPERATIONS* INC
BANISTc-R CORPORATION
US-U752
BAKLOW MANUFACTURING CO.
BA||C.
US-047S
bUfjKLR HILL CO.
BUKN.vLLL INCINERATOR CORP.
Ub-U2«i2
BUKN-^.uLr INC.
390
-------
Assignee Index
CAIRllSi G.» T.R. LEv,ERSi AND G«S. PETTAPIECE
CALCINATuii CORP.
Ub-u2.J2i U
CAi_OlUC APPLIANCE CORP.
US-u3u9
CANADIAN FOKEbT PRODUCTS LTD
Ub-U508
CANADIAN INL.ERSOLL-RANO CO. LTD.
CASE' J.I.» CO.
US-OUai Ui>-0b82
CAfEUPiLLAR 1I2ACTOR CO.
CELLULoSEFAURIK ATTISHOL^ A. 6.
CENTRAL CNGINEERINO CO.r IiJC.
Ui-uObir Ub-08!jSi U5-UOb9i US-0,.i60
CENTRAL MARKLTSr INC.
US-0374
CErjTRKiLAST CORP.
U!j-U6o6
CEnTRlKUGAL AND MECHANICAL INDUSTRIES. INC.
Ub-U81fa
CHAKLOhNAGLS DC FRANCE
CHc.SAPt.AKE COUPORATIOIJ OK VIRGINIA
Ub-UbOt>
CHEVRON RESEARCH CO.
CHICAGO bRIDGE AND IROtJ t.0.
Ub-UaUb' US-Oislo
CITY T/\NK CORPORATION
US-Ub72f US-0701. U3-U703
CLARK EQUIPMENT CO.
US-Ulbl» Ub-0200
CLEAN AIR CONTROLS! INC.
Ub-0279
CLEAN AIR WASTE REDUCTION
CLEGHOKNf J. AND R.A. 01 MEO
US-UU16
COMBINED LOCKS PAPER CO.
Ub-0779
CO,-ifjUbl ION ENGINEERING' INC.
US-U10b» US-03bJ » US-OJo4r US~Oj66» US-0366
COwPAGliIE ELECTRO-CHlMlOUE DU CENTRE
CONAIKi INC.
Uj-UOOO
CONSOLIDATED PAPER LTD.
U'j-0b07
CONSOLIDATION COAL CO.
us-uoyar ub-oni
CONTIIJLNTAL CAN CO. , INC.
US-U407
CONTINuNTAL TRANSPORT APPLIANCES LTD.
Ub-Ul71
COKNELL-HOSKINSON MANUFACTURING CORP.
Ub-u3b9» Ub-0379
CRANE CO.
US-0011
391
-------
Assignee Index
CRAWFORD AND RUSSELL > INC.
Ub-ull3
CULLENi J.r R.L. PUMMER' AuD S-L. AMBROSE
Ub-UuSO
LJAFF1N COUP.
US-0160
UANO INGttMlORFORRETNlNG OG MASKINFAURIK INoENIOR KAJ PETERSLN'S F'oND
Ub-UUblr US-U.J31
CO.-.PANY OF CANAOA
UEtRL *,!iu CO.
U'j-ulVif U
DLERL l-iANUfACTUKlUG CO.
.K |jROTiin7» Ul,-0u70. US
EQUIPMENT CO.
UL'jfJ/\TCH OVL'fJ CO.
Ub-u373
DLTROIT LDISOU CO.
U'j-02'C4
DE.TROI1 STOKER CO.
Uli.OSAtR REDUCTION CHAN'bi.K» INC.
US-u30c>
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT CORP.
U'J-ub'J?
DORR-OL.IVLR INC.
Ub-U007r US-OeOO» U5-U815» US-Oal7
UOw CHEMICAL CO.
US-UOb4( Ub-0795
URESbER IliDUSTRICSf INC.
bUNFIX LbTABLIbSEMLNT
Ub-UUbt)
EAoLE ENollJEERlNG CO. LTu.
EAbT CHICAGO MACHINE T00|_ CORP.
Ub-Jb6C.
ECoNOtlY BALER CO.
Ub-0572
f L.E.» H.V. GRlFFITTSi AND P.
ELOlN bwEEPER CO.
Ub-U87U. US-0676r US-UB77. US-0878i US-0879. US-0882
LMERSOr< ELECTRIC CO.
Ub-0u4't
ENURES r D.J.r AND J.M. ENURES
Ub-OUo7
ENTERPRISE RAILWAY EQUIPMENT CO.
ENVIRON. INC.
Ub-Ub"39
ESCHLR UYGS AKTIENGESELLGCHAFT
Ub-U7bl» U5-0770
ESSO RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CO.
US-0103« Ub-0604
EUREKA WILLIAMS CORP.
Ub-Ut.23> U'
LVANSr R.LI.
US-U729
392
-------
Assignee Index

F-AIRdAiJKS MORSE INC.
US-u330
FA1RF1LLU ENGINEERING CO.
Ub-U0b2
F-Ahb.vL.UK HOECHST AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT VORMALS MEISTER LUCIUS AND GRuNlNG
US-U1U9
FAKB.iLuKE MOECHST AKTIENbESELLSCHAFT
US-ublb
FAKH Lu.
Ub~u74L>
FD US-0361
FRANCIOUl* R.» F. FtRRlSS,* J.R. GAlNFORT» F.L. PINOLA. W. BROSCH.
AND G. GASPARINI
FRUEHAUF CORPORATION
Ub-U692i Ub-0693
FRUEHAUF TRAILER CO.
US-U013
FULLER CO.
U'j-u344r US-075b
GA1NFOKT. J.R.i F. KERRlSSr F.L. PINOLA. W. BROSCHr G. GASPARINlf
AND K. FRANC I ON I
US-Utl02
GALE> JOHN A.r CO.
US-0394
GALIOI4 METALLIC VAULT CO.
Ub~ull4
GAR ivOOD INDUSTRIES. INC.
US-Ob76r US-070G» US-072%. US-0732
GAKBAGL SERVICE C0.» INC.
US-U057» U'j-0060i US-0036
GAKOEfJ STATE PAPLR CO.f INC.
US-Ub>U9» US-Obl2» US-UblU
GARRET T CORPORATION
GASPARINI , G.f F. FERRISS» J.R. GAINFORTr F.L. PlNOLAr W. OROSCH.
R. (-RANCIONI
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
US-U225. US-0227f US-0230* US-OU03» US-OblOr US-0624r US-0632r
US-Ub40. US-0794
GEHERAt. MOTORS CORP.
US-02J6» US-0239
GENT ILL i P.» AND S.V. BOWLES
US-0674
393
-------
Assignee Index
GILBERT* L.M. AND S>.W. JOHNSON
US-U116
GIVEN MACHINERY CO.
US-U654
GOL/EK INCINERATOR CORP.
Ub-UcbO
GOODMAN MANUFACTURING CO.
Ub-Ub04
GOODRIO INCINERATOR CO. PROPRIETARY LTD.
Ub-u2S)4
GONZALLbi H.V.» W.D. BALLARD
US-Ub"o9
GRIFFITTSr H.V.» L.L. KDWAKDS. AND P.
US-U175
GULF KLSEARCH AND DtVELOPMENT CO.
US-UtuU
H. AND E. TRUCKING CO.
Ub-ubflt
HACKLTT' CLARENCE A.» INC.
Ub-0002
HAGAN INDUSTKIESr IrJC.
Ub-U32^» Ub-036b
HANStlN* R.
us-olua
HAi71o
HEhBCLINr F.J.» S.Y. TAYLORr W.F. NEALE
Ub-U57fl
HERCULES CALION PRODUCTS, INC.
US-Ul31» U3-OG90, US-0711f US-0715, US-0723
HILLS bROTHERS COFFEEr INC.
US-U770
HITACHI CHEMICAL CO.
Ub~-U0a7
MANUFACTURING CO.
HOLCOKo» J.C.r J.C. YARBOROUGH» J.T. MENGES
Ub-UU27
HOLMS 1NOUSTRI A.U.
UG-Uby<+
HOMELINE CORP.
HOUDRY PROCESS CORP.
Ub-uuoa
HOvEY, C.E.
HOv,Al
-------
Assignee Index
ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS, INC.
US-U429
INCINERATOR PRODUCTS CO.
US-u221
INSINOURITOIMISTO-EN6 INHERING BUREAU
US-0787
INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY
US-Ubb6
INTERNATIONAL EWESO^ CORP.
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO.
US-U150
INTERNATIONAL INCINERATORS INC.
US-U208
INIERNATIONAL PATENT AND DEVELOPMENT CORP.
Ub-0591
INTERNATIONAL V1BRO, INC.
US-U073
INVENTA A.G. FUER FORSCHUNG UNO PATENTVERWERTUNG
US-OOI2
10wA STATE COLLEGE RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.
US-Ub61
JACKSONVILLE bLO,v PIPE CO.
US-U270
JAGENbLHb-WERKE AG
JEFFREY MANUFACTURING CO.
US-U626
JENSEN » L.
US-U145
JOFFLr J.S.r G.S. PFAUSr AND R.A. POSNtR
JOKNb-MANVlLLE CORP.
JOHNSOiNi, S.W., AND L.M. GILBERT
Ub~ulio
jOuESr C.E.I w.c. HENRY, AND THRU-WAY EQUIPMENT co.
JOY MANUFACTURING CO.
US-U170
KAISt_K ALUMINUM AND CHLM1C,,L CORP.
KAISLR INDUSTRIES CORP.
US-Ub^2i US-0^07
KALl-CnEHIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
KELLER AND KNAPPICH G.M.b.H.
US-US92
KERSHArt MANUFACTURING CO., INC.
US-u8o9
KEY EQUIPMENT CO., INC.
US-u7b7
KING, ,v.J.
US-08U9
KNOX, L.
US-U299
KOCH, GEOKGEr SONS, INC.
US-u3Ub
KOHL bOTTLZ RECEIVING CO.
KOrtLINE-SANJERSON ENGINELHlNG CORP.
Ub-UObO, Ub-UUlO
395
-------
Assignee Index
KOOPr b.L.r L. HASSKAMP. M.H. MURPHY r I.H. ROTHr P.M. HASbKAxPf
R.J. HASSKAMP. K.J. HASbKAMPr AND P. A. HAbbKAKP
US-OB6b
KOPPERb CO. » INC.
LANDbOUWWERKTUlGEN- EN MACHINEF AUR1EK H. VISSERS N.V.
Ub-U051
LANDlb TOOL CO.
DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.
Ub-U77b
LEACH CO.
Ub-0b69» US-0697» US-07U7* US-0712i US-0718
LEE» KAYMOND* ORGANISATIONS INC.
LEHlfaH VALLcY COAL bALES CO.
Ub-OO^b
LEIS MANUFACTURING co.
Ub-U017
LESCHlfJbKYf F.P.f AND E.S. WALDIE
Ub-Ul7b
LET2 MANUFACTURING CO.
Ub-U606
LErtERbf T.R.r G. CA1RNS» A|.jD G.S. PETTAPIECE
US-U264
LErflbr E.C.» AND ALUMA5C LTD.
Ub-0417
LILLIS10N IMPLEMENT CO.
Ub-0b7i
LITTLL. ARTHUR D.» INC.
Ub-U293r US-0472
LOCKLLY MACHINE CO.
LOUAL INC.
US-0726
L06EMANN BROTHERS CO.
LOKD M/\YOR» ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF LIVERPOOL. ENGLAND
Ub-blbl
LOb ANC.ELES BY-PRODUCTS CO.
Ub-0742
MACH1ULFADRIEK REINEVELD. (J.V.
US-0777
MAERZ OFENL3AU AG
Ub-u5tl
MAEbTAb. T.E.r AND UOENGLb-LONG MOTORS. INC.
Ub-u739
MAJEbTIC CO.
MARION MACHINE CO.
US-ul'tl
MASCHlULijFAkjRIK AUGSBURG-NuRNuERG AKTIEtgGESELLSCHAFT
Ub- UI.U8
MAbSLY-HAHRIS-FilRGUbON (SALES) LTD.
Ub-0l47» Ub-0148
MATTHLKib. W.O.. P.M. OLIVLR* P.E. OLIVLR
ub-uiia
MAYTab CO.
M-U CORPORATION
Ub-0713
MC ALLISIERi WILLIAM J.
396
-------
Assignee Index
MENGESr J.T.i J.C. YARBOROUGHr J.C. HOLCOM3
Ub-u427
LA MERL INDUSTRIES r INC.
KEbSEN-JASCHIN. G.A.
US-u7b9
METALChAFT MANUFACTURING CORP.
METALLuEbfLLSCHAFT AKTIEUGL'SELLSCHAFT
Ub-00d2» Ub-0133r US-Uoo2
MElALb DISINTEGRATING CO.f INC.
US-U6b4
METROPOLITAN WASTE CONVERSION CORP.
us-uoae
MGb INC.
Ub-U809
MICROCYCLOMAT CO.
US-ObbO
MIU-CONTIHENT METAL PRODUCTS CO.
US-U370
MIDWEST METAL PRODUCTS CO.
US-U249
MINE AND SMELTER SUPPLY CO.
US-U-u784 t
MIUlSTi-R OF POWER* IN HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINIGuOM
OF GRLAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
US-U553
MINNCSU7A MINING AND MANUFACTURING CO.
US-U6S5
MlTCHLLLf JOHN E.» CO.
US-0043
MOuAY CHEMICAL CO.
MOUILL INCINERATORS* INC.
MODOC PEAT MOSS CO.
US-OObbr US-0620
MONROE AUTO EQUIPMENT CO.
Ub-0122
MONSANTO CO.
US-U822
MORSE bOULGER DESTRUCTOR CO.
US-U312» US-Oo98
MOoDY* R.T. AND MC ENGLEVAN HEAT TREATING AND MANUFACTURING CO.
US-U148
MURPHY. M.H.r I.H. ROTHr F.H. HASSKAMP* S.E. KOOPr L. HASSKAMP*
R.J. HASSKAMP. K.J. HASSKAMP* AND P. A. HASSKAMP
US-U866
MUSTEE. E.L. AND SONS* INC.
US-0355
MYERS-SHERMAN CO.
US-U8b6
NASSAU SMELTING AND REFINING CO.. INC.
Ub-Ub<*2
NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP.
US-U792
NATIONAL RUHUER MACHINERY CO.
US-UG31* US-0633
NATURUER CO.
US-U067» US-0071
397
-------
Assignee Index
NEALE* W.F.r S.Y. TAYLOR* ^ .J. HERJELIN
U'.,-U570
NELSON EQUIPMENT co.
UG-U102
NEW LIF-E FOUNDATION
NICHOLS ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH CORP.
US-U349
NIPPON KOKAN KAUUSHIKI KAISHA
Ub-Uo02
NISHlGAHARA* H.S.* AND FUJI SPINNING CO. LTD.
NOKMAN* W.F.t SHCET METAL MANUFACTURING CO.
Ub-U22fa
NOnMANUA MINES* LTD.
US-054S
NOi

-------
                                                                 Assignee Index
 PETTAPIECEr G.S.i T.R. LEWERSi ANU &. CAIRljS
    US-l.i2b'*
 PHILLIPS PLTKOLEUM co.
 PlNOLA*  F.L.i  F. FEKRISSi J.R. GAINFORT» W. BROSCHi  G.
      R.  FRANC I ON I
 HKt-NtO MANUFACTURING CO.
    UJ-0272
 PHOLLH bTf^tL CORP.
 PULLMAN (!V\7ENT) PRODUCT LTD.
    U:>-U497
 PULP AIJU PAPER RLSEARCH INSTITUTE OF CANADA
 PULPAfiAC*  INC.
    Uj-0010
 PUMMLKr  R.L.» J. CULLENi AND S-L. AMBROSE
       C0.(  ANU SHARONIZEu bTLEL CO.
    US-U616
 RADER  PNEUMATICS ANU ENGINEERIfJG CO.r LTD.
    US-U327
 KEEOf  i-l. T.»  CONSTRUCTION CO.
 REICHHOLU CtCMlCALSr INC.
    US-U763
 REPUBLIC  MOLDING CORP.
 RESEARCH PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING CO.
    US-UOOJ
 RILEY  STOKER CORP.
 RObERT^ONr  E.
    US-Obl7
 RO-EU  LNOINEERING CO.r IiviC.
    US-U201
 ROLLS-KOYCE OF CANAUAf LTU-
    US-U603
 ROTH>  I.H.f S.E.  KOOPf L. HASSKAMPi M.H. MURPHY » K.H. HASbKAMPi
• R.J.  HASSKAMP»  K.J.  IIASbK/\MPf AND P. A. HASSKAKP
 s.  AND F.  co.
    Ub-0306
 SAFEwAY STORES'  INC.
    US-ublb
 SAFFuRt-ir  E.r  rf.E. ELLIS* AND T. SINGLETON
 ST.  REoIS PAPER CO.
 SALVAJOR CO.
    US-U6J6
 SANITARY DISPOSAL CORP.
    US-U049
 SCtlNEH.LEr C.u.
          L.M.i  MANUFACTU«ING CO.
    US-UB1S
 SCIENTISM LABORATORIES
 SCoTT  nND FET2ER CO.
    US-U090
                                                                         399

-------
Assignee Index
         SCOTT  PAPER  CO.
            US-UblOr  US-OblS
         SKM CORPORATION
            Ub-Ubb7
         SHANMANr  JEROME i  D.
            U3-OSJ74
         SHARPLLS  CORPORATION
            Uo-U76b"»  US-07uo
         SHrtTTLK KING MANUFACTURING CO. >  INC.
         SHtNANuOAH MANUFACTURING C0.»  INC.
            US-U378
         SHO'HLKDf  C.F.
            Ub-0b60
         SILENT  GLOW OIL BURNER CORP.
            Ub-U^U4. Ub-0206»  US-U2ol»  US-OH37,  US-0288
         SILVER  ENOlNEtRING wORKSr  INC.
         SIMPLLX INCINLRATOR CORP.
            US-U2U6
         SINCLAIR REFINING CO.
            US-UOU9i  Ub-0090
         SMITHf  A.O..  CORP.
            US-U047
         SMITH*  A.O.i  HARVESTORE PRODUCTS INC.
            US-OGbO
         SOCIETL ANNONYME FkANCAISL POUR LA SEPARATION- L'LMULSION ET LE
          MLLANOt
            US-0775
         SOCIETL U'ELLCTRO-CHIMIE D'ELECTRO-METALLURGIE ET DES ACIfRlES
          ELECTKIUUES u'UblMt.
         SOCIETL A RESPONSABILITE LIMITEE
         SOLVENTS RECOVERY SERVICE OF NEW JLRStYr liJC.
            US-U2bl
         SOMAT CORPORATION
            US-U630
         LA SOUuURE AUTOGENE FRAMtAISL
            US-U210r US-U336
         SOUTHLkN LUMBER CO.
            Ub-0499
         SOUTHERN WELDING AND MACHINE CO.
         SOUTHWC.ST FACTORIES* INC.
            Ub-U566
         SPLNCEK TURblNE CO,
            US-U033
         SPERKY RAND CORPORATION
            US-0613» US-Ou8b« U
         SPUN1/L CO. OF AMERICA
            Uii-U'+bl
         STANUAxO ENGINEERING CO.
            Ub-Ubll
         STANLEY-WESTERN CORPORATION
            US-UHB3
         STARLliJLf INC.
         STEEL PRODUCTS ENGINEERING CO.
            Ub-UO^l
         STt_ELCRAFT CORP.
            US-U3bO» US-0376
400

-------
                                                                Assignee Index
STEERE ENTERPRISES  INC.
   US-U4.57
STEINLKT ELEKTROMAGNETORAU
   US~U7bO
STL.INMULLER. L. AND C.» fa.M.B.H.
   US-U274
STIRLING SINTERING  CO.
   Ub-U477
STGNL AND WEBSTER ENGINEERING  CORP.
   US-U091
STKATEbIC MATERIALS CORP.
   US-Ubbl. Ub-0bb2
STKATTON EOUIPi-IENT  LCT.
   US-U670
SWIFT AND co.
   US-U826
TACKr JOHNr AND SONS
   US-0128
TALDEKl' CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT CO.
   US-U127
TAMAKLK CORP.
   US-UbSJO
TAYLUR- S.Y.. F.J.  HERDELlNr AND  W.F.
   US-Ub78
TEK-0-i-iOTIVE> INC.
   US-0135
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
TEiL.
UNION CARiilDE CORP.
   US-U536
UNION LUHoER CO.
   US-Ub02
UNlVERbAL OIL PRODUCTS  CO.
   US-U783
U.S. GYPSUM CO.
   US-U743
u.s. INDUSTRIES. INC.
   Ub-0016
U.S. RUBBER CO.
U.S. RUBBER RECLAIMING CO..  INC.
   US-U464
U.S. SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
   US-U4db» US-0400
U.S. SECRETARY OF THE ARMY
   Uj-U209. US-0213
                                                                        401

-------
Assignee Index
         U.S.  SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
         U.S.  SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
            US-U270
         U.b.  STEEL CORPORATION
         USS  AbKl-CHEMKALS,  INC.
           US-U82U
         VAc-U-i-iAX CORP.
           US-ulMO
         VALLEY WELDING AND BOILER CO.
           Ub-u21b
         VOU  ROLL AG
         VUYKt  >,.  EN ZONEU'S SCHELPSWLKVEN ;,«V»
            US-UU14
         VYLACTuS  LABORATORIES r  INC.
         WALDlEi  E.S.r  AND F.P. LESCHlNSKY
         WALLACL AND TIERIJAN CO.f iuC.
            US-U002
         WASTC COMBUSTION CORP.
            Ub-U3U5
         WAbTE KING CORPORATION
            US-U037
         WASTE PROCESSES, INC.
            US-UObb> US-0077
         hAYtJE MANUFACTURING CO.
            US-U884r US-0005
                  P.» H.V. GRIFFlTTSr L.E. EDWARDS
         WESTERN BODY AND HOIST CO., INC.
            US-U719
         V«ESTt.RU PRECIPITATION CORPORATION
            Ub-u767
         V.ESTLKU RESEARCH ANU SCIENTIFIC LAuORATORlESr  INC.
            Ub-0601
         V^EiTLHn STATES MACHINE CO.
            US-UUOu
         WESTlNbHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP.
            US-U23B, U^-Oc41r US-oaS5, US-0628* US-0762
         WHIRLPOOL CORPORATION
            Ub-U317, US-03bH
         WHiTINu CORP.
            US-uOii
         WILBRO CORP.
            US-U467
         WILLAMETTE HYSTER CO.
            Ub-ulJo
         WO.^A-AHPARATEUAU WOLFGANG MAASBERG AND CO.,  G.M.Q.H.
         WOOD, b.B.» AND D.D. WOOD
            US-070H
         WOODUbL, INC.
            Ub-UbOl
         YAROORuUOH, J.C., J.C. HOLCOMEjr AND  J.T.  MENGES
         YEOMANS BROTHERS CO.
            US-0001
         YOUNu, WILLIAM E.
         /AREc'.hA CO.
            US-U771
402

-------
                                   INVENTOR INDEX
AALKUbTf P.
   US-OOU2
ADAKS. C.J.
   US-0«lfj
ADAMS i P.R.
   US-0072
AUUISr o.I.
   U'o-0b3b
AJUK>> F.'J.
   us-oy.il
AKLKLUIJU* F.E.
   Ub-0u92
ALBERTbON» O.E.
ALEXANDER- E.C.
   US~01tj2
ALLEto D.D.
   US-OOlo
ALLEN • I.B.
AMLNTt A.L.
   US-UU40
AMt-Gr J.G.
   US-0216- Ub-021/
ANULI^LN. L.h.
ANULRSOiii C.A.
   US-O^M^t
ANOLRSOIIr U.A.
   Ub-013i!
ANULRSONr i.R.
   US-07'*7
ANULKSONr J.IJ.
   US-Ob49
AfitiflRiOUr K.G.
   U'.-022a
ANULHSOtJr L.R.
ANDERSON r O.l'i
   US-0711
ANDRE AE» H.G.
   US-OOlb
ANORLnSr L.V.
ANKL"RSL!J» O.K.
ANSTLt' L.L.
   US-U60'j
APPLLMrtN» U.S.
   Uro-(Jh03
AKGEK^IUOERr  J.I.
   Ub-03t>a
ATKINSON i R.L.
ATTEiiERRYr  C.
   U;,-0267
BADGLEYr J.E.
   Ub-O'UO
HAHMtr R.Q.
BAILLYr C.R.
   Ui,-0t60
UAKERr H.R.
   Ub-0278
OAKKl.Rr L.
BALbJr V.L.
            US-0730
BALDIr T.T.
   U'j-0t>95
BALLAllTYNEt C.R.
   Ub-0050
DALL;^ROf W.D.
   Ub-0b69
BARHt.5> C.H.
   Ub-0t,89
BARNtSf H.G.
   Ui,-0794
BARNLTTE. L.M.
   Us-0i)63
BARRo'.v'Si A.C.
                                            BARRY >  L.D.
BARTnOLOnEWr  R.E.
   Ub-0723
BARTurir  H.P.
   Ub~07ol
BARTU» F.
   US-0541
JATHr W.H.
   Ub-0765»  US-0766
BAUCKE»  H.
BAUER >  W.J.
   Ub-0101
BAYERr  H.
tiECKtRf  B.M.
   US-07H3
BECKLRi  F.
BELIK»  L.
   U.,-0109
BELLAMY.  W.D.
        IX  J.W.
   U5-0'l2'f
BENT.  U.H.
   US-OltO
BERG.  B.L.
   US-0
-------
 Inventor Index
 BERL,  E.
    U5-OB19
 BEST I AN, H.
    US-0516
 BEYER,  C.J.
    US-0')09
 BEYERS,  M.E.
    U5-0190
 BIDDLE»  R.S.
    US-0271
 BILLINGS.  R.P.
    US-0179
 BIRCHr  C.K.
    US-OQ3b
 BISZANTZ,  F.
    US-0114,  US-0131
 BJORKLUNU, A.
    US-U621
 BLACKi  C.H.
    US-0032
 BLACK,  R.L.
    US-0040
 BLANKENSHIP, E-B.
    US-OH03
 BLANSHINE, A.W«
    US-Obl3
 BLATCUfORD,  J.K.
    US-0317
 BLOOKFIELO,  S.
    US-0405
 BLOOMGUIST,  P.R.
    US-0763
 BLUM, D.J.
    US-0222
 BLUM, J.K.
    US-0222
 BLUM, R.C..
    US-0222
 BOEGER,  H.
    US-Of,73
 BOEGER'  M.
    US-0&73
 BOIVIN'  R.G.
uOLL, C.H.
   US-0201
bOLL, R.H.
   US-U758
UOOW-Rr U.K.
   US-ObOl
liOOTHr G.M.
   US-0002
bORGGRCLN, G.
   US-OlOb
bOUGHMAN, G.A.
bOURNLR, ILL.
   US-U212
bOUTKELL, W.k.
UOwERS, H.A.
   US-OU03
bOWLES, S.V.
   US-067H. US-0722
UOYD, A.C.
   US-0101
bOYD, U.E.
   US-0295, Ub-05tiii
UOYD, J.A.
   US-029b, Ub-OSSb
URAFF, J.A.
   Uj-OuOO
BRANDT, J.B.
   US-0205, US-0291
bRANDTb, T.G.
   US-Ob07
BRANSON, J.E.
   US-0574
BRAT2LEK, K.
   US-OOU2
bRAUN, W.
   US-0382
bRAWN, J.S.
   US-OblO
BRAYTON, A.M.
   US-0049
bREIDENbAUGH, C.P.
   US-0342
UhENNAN, B.E.
   US-OOlb
bRINKMANNr F.
   US-D3J5
bRISSOtJ, J.R.
   US-0726
UROOME, J.C.
   US-04^9
LlROPHY, J.w.
   US-0272
BROWN' M.P.
   Ub-019B
BROWN • R.E.
   Ub-0701, US-0703
UROWNr V.
   Us-OObt, US-0080
BROYARD, Y.
BRUCKEN, B.L.
   US-0235
BRUNtL, H.
   Ub-0027
BRYAljT, J.G.
BUDD, W.L.
   Ub-0807
BUEN, A. A.
   US-0497
BUMGARNER, R.L.
BURCH' C.J.
       t J.J.
   US-Ob<+3
BURGON, W.F.
   Ui>-0b08
404
-------
                                                                        Inventor Index
 13URKERT,  D.G.
    Ub-0436
 BURKLAND*  C.W.
    Ub-0646
 BURNS*  J.J.
    Ub-0285,  US-0291
 BURROUGHS*  E.E.
    US-0<+b7
 BURTON* R.E.
    US-Ob02
 OUSEY*  J.J.
    Ub-0430
 BUTTERWORTH*  A. A.
    Ub-0b34
 CAINr  H.H.
    Ub-0568
 CAIRNS* G.
    Ub-0264
 CALAMORE*  J.P.
    Ub-0672
 CALCAGNO.  A.
    Ub-0696
 CALL,  D.H.
    Ub-0307,  US-0309,  Us-0310
 CAMPbELLr  D.L.
    Ub-0804
 CAKPbELL.  O.E.
CAMPuELL. W.W.
   Ub-0302
CARLbSON. P.M.
   US-0070
CARMEL.  W.
   US-0555
CARRIGAN* E.D.
   US-0372
CARSONf  A.B.
   US-0383
CARTER*  J.W.
   US-0198
CARTER'  M.W.
   US-Oi+93
CASSADYr H.P.
   US-0239
CATESr H.J.
   US-0208
CHAIR, N.C.S.
   US-OH79
CHARLES* R.E.
   US-060b
CHARNESKI, M.Q.
CHARTIERr E.D.
   us-oiaa
CMATRENETr A.
   US-0195
CHORNEY* P.L.
   US-06'43
CHRIST I ANSONr L.M.
   US-0791
CHRISTOl'HEL, R.L.
   US-0378
CHROSTIANCE* H«C.
   US-0193
CLAPPERTON* E.T.
   US-0501
CLAR* M.
   US-OS97
CLARK» J.R.
   US-OU70
CLARK* R.A.
   US-0369
CLARKE-POUNDER*  I.J.
   US-0789
CLAUSEH, R.C.
   US-0395
CLEGHORN* J.
   US-041&
CLEMENT, F.L.
   US-0679
CLEMENT. R.E.
   US-0299
CLOSE* S.
   US-0228
COATS* G.E.
   US-01b!3
COBEY* T.
   US-0062
COLEMAN, G.W.
   US-U676
COLEMAN, J.D.
   US-0292
COLESi H.L.
   US-0231
COLL I SON* E.O.
   Ub-OoOO
COMLiER*  I.R.
   US-0016
COMUS* W.H.
   US-0638
CONDC* J.C.
CONC* C.D.
CONNELL* J.M.
   US-0347* U'o-0381
CONNER* G.O.
   US-U663
CONSTANT IN£* D.
   US-0391
COOK* T.
   US-OOtt
LOPELAND*  J.E.
   US-0887
COSS* G.R.
   US-Ub23* Ub-0629
COULSON* L.J.
   US-0488
COWAN* A. A.
   US-0420
CRAIG* S.N.
   US-Oo38
CRAM* H.G.
   US-0779
                                                                                405
-------
 Inventor Index
       T.A.
   M^-0072
 CRAWFORD r  o.
    Ub-OU3
 CRAWFORD*  L.
    US-0189
 CROWE i  W.W.
    US-029U
 CUSTER, H.ta.
UAHLMAN,  E.Dt
   US-0124
UAIL, J.P.
   US-0042
UALBERG,  H.
   US-U485
DALOERG,  L.E.
DAMAN.  A.C.
             US-078t
   Ub-08b3»  US-0855.
   US-0859'  US-0860
DARlN» J.K.
DAUtRr M.
   US-0209
DAVENPORTf
   US-04U2
DAVISr H.G
   US-Otl3
DAVlSr N.E
   Ub-00'43
DAVIS. N.S
   US-0823
DEA> S.J.
           J.F.
DE JONGr F.
DELCELLIER. H.A.
   US-0793
DEMPSTER. G.R.
   Ub-0675
DENlGf F.
   U3-0319
DILLlARO. A.E.
   Ub-0705
OIVELSISS. G.K.
   US-0'*38
OOREY» G.Q.
   Ub-0171
DOUGLASS. E.T.
   Ui>-0268
DOW» R.A.
   US-0710
DOYLE. L.O.
   Ub-0372
DRESSER. W.C.
   Ub-0066
DRUCKEN. B.L,
   Ub-0239
                                           OUKAS.  J.K.
                                              Ub-0024
                                           DUNAGAN. E.L.
                                           DUNAoAN. K.M.
                                              US-Ot'»7
                                           DUNAoAN. L.P.
                                           DUNCAN* L.L.
                                              Ub-0809
                                           DUVAL. L.A.
                                           DV1RK/;. -..
                                              US-0322.
                                           DrtYER. W.M.
                                              US-0251
                                           DYER, C.R.
                                              US-0448
                                           DYSON, M.W.
                                           EARLE, G.L.C.
                                              US-0219
                                           EASTMAN, W.A.
EATON, L.E.
   US-0163
EDWARDS, G.W.
   US-0775
EHLERMANNi H.
   US-0730
EHREN2ELLER, W-S.
   US-0307, US-0309.
   US-0310
EHRLICH, S.V.
   US-0883
El DAL, R.M.
   US-056G
ELGIN, J.C.
   115-0(404
ELMORE, M.E.
   US-O'jJb
ELWICK, K.D.
   US-0036, US-0839
EMMET, E.
   US-0058
ENDRES, J.M.
   U5-OB67
ENGDAHL, R.B.
   US-0301
ENGLF, A.
   US-0604
ENRIGHT, J.H.
   US-0644
ERIMY, W.
   US-0837
EVANS, E.
   US-0721
EVANS, T.L.
                                           EWESON,  E.rf.
                                              US-0074,  US-0078
                                           EWING.  C.H.
                                              US-0628
406
-------
                                                                        Inventor Index
FACCIO, F.
   US-0391
FAIRMAN, A.H.
   US-Ob'53
FARHFR. L.
   US-049B
fAKBERr H.
   U5-04U2
FARR, R.S.
   UC-07'tb
FEIOERT, J.
   US-U699
hELT» G.H.
   US-Olfiu
HELTS, W.M.
   U'j-0013
hENAILLE. P.
   US-0210
f-ERGUSOU, G.b.
   U'J-lUi2U
FERfJANDLb, J.H.
   US-U366
(-EKRAR1, W.A.
   US-0711
t-EKRIS» H.J.
        K.G.
HLRRlSSr F.
            Ub-0002
l-CKKOr T.
   US-0340
l-LWSTt:i<» J.
   US-U12b
   US-0100
FIUULAY. G.A.
   US-0594
hINNf C.O.
   US-OU42
FISCHER* A.J.
   US-U75b
FISHLRf e;.F.
   US-0031
USHtRr W.M.
   U5-0263
FLETCHLRf E.W.
   US-0'j6<»
FLOr.LRSf F.F.
   US-Ulbo
FLOwLK'Ji G.H.
FOCHr P.
   US-Ob6b
l-OCIIT. C.K.
   US-Ot>13
FONTAJNLr P.J.
   US-ObOl
FONTAlNLf R.A.
   US-0119
FORD, L.M.
   U'j-03bOr US-0376
FORMAINI- R.L.
   Ub-0b05
F05TLR» T.W.F.
FOTH, M.S.
   Us-0073
FOX, R.L.
   Ub-0600
FRALICK, K.A.
   U'j-0453
FRANK, P. A.
   Us-0631
FRANkELr O.P.
   Uj-Oall
FRAUKLIN, D.M.
   Ub-OJbO
FREE, D.
   Us-0327
FREEUf t.A.
   Us-0736
FREYLRr U.R.H.
FREYERr L.F.
   U'o-0196
FRITZ, L.
   Ub-07bO
FRIT^, R.
   Ub-0750
GAINl-ORT, J.R.
   Ub-0343, U5-0802
GALE, J.A.
   Ub-osg^
GALLOWAY, V.A.
        r F.S.
   Ub-0217
GARDNER, W.A.
   Ub-0381
GAST, R.C.
   Ub-0723
GATHLRCOLE,  C.B.
   Ub-OBOO
GEBHARTr N.H.
   Ub-0037
GERMAN, R.P.
   US-0889
GELBMANr L.F.
GERAGHTY, C.J.
   Ub-00b5»  US-0820
GILLETTE, S.G.
GIRARDr P.
   Ub-0210
GLAUWIN, F.R.
   US-0507
GNAEDItJGER, J.P.
   US-0(|76
GOOEL, A.
   US-03b7
GOUER, R.
   U5-0203
                                                                                 407
-------
Inventor Index
GOETZ, W.J.
   US-0185
GOlNSr R.R.
   US-0112
GOLui'-KRG, I.
                                           HAMMELLr K.M.
                                           HANCE, E.A.
GOLDMAN, A.J.
   US- 054 4
GOLLNICK, C.R.
   US-0697, US-0707r
   U5-0712, US-071B
GOODF.Nr J.S.
   US-0876
GOODMAN, J.F.
   US-0686
GOODMAN, J.P.
   US-0134
GOOSSCNS, G.
   US-0012
GOUiiY,  H.D.
   US-0069
GOTTESMAN,
   US-0402
GOUGH,  B.C.
   US-0464
GOWN A,  W.L.
   U5-01H9
GRAHAM,  J.L
            H.
 GRAHAM •  K.P.
    US-OU86
 GREEN,  L.B.
    US-0619
 GREENFIELD.,  G.
    US-0821
 GREER»  H.M.
    US-0<+20
 GRONERf T.A.
    US-ObOO
 GUERCHOUX, C.S.
    U5-0201
 GUY, M.F.
    US-0340
 GWINN,  J.M.
    US-0676, US-0706
 HACKETT, C.A.
    US-Ob82
 HACKETT, K.J.
    US-06B2
 HAEDIKEr E.J.
    US-0370
 HAGEN» B.E.
    US-041'J
 HAHN, A.E.
    US-0202
 HAIDLER, J.V.
 HAIIJE5, U.R.
    US-0148
 hAKULINr U.K.
    US-Ufa25
 HALEY, O.A.
HANCOCK., J.E.
   US-0200
HANSEN, H.
   US-U269
hANSEN, R.D.
   US-0331
HARDCROVEf R.M.
   US-0647
HAKUIUGE» H.
HARDY, W.
   Uc-,-OG'j2
HARKER, J.R.
   US-0226
HARRER, P.M.
   US-057C.
HARRISON, A.E.
   US-0211
HARTLEY, H.J.
   US-0313,  U
HASbKAMP, F.C.
   US-0666
HAUOHTONf iit
   US-0161
HAUK,  H.
   US-0109
HAW,  S.G.
   U5-07S2
HAZARD,  H.R.
                                            HEUERT, J.W.
                                               US-U21br Ub-0232, US-0234
                                            HECK, E.E.
                                               US-0435
                                            HEIDLANU, C.E.
                                               U5-OU64
                                            HEIIJ, G.M.
                                               U^-0301
                                            HCITZ, C.T.
                                               Ub-0261
                                            HELDLNBRAND, R.C.
                                            HELLLUR, D.E.
                                               Ub-01507
                                            HENKf H.
                                               Ub-0120
                                            HENKIN,  M.
                                               Ub-0411
                                            HENRY » W.C.
                                               US-0731
                                            HERMANIf L.
                                            HERP1CH,  W.A,
                                                Ub-067b«  US-0690,
                                                Ub-07l4»  US-0715
                                            HERTRICH,  J.
                                                Us-0006
                                            HILBLRT,  F.E.
                                                Ub-0638
 408
-------
                                                                        Inventor Index
HILL. G.U.
   Us-0577, US-O'jQl
HILLr H.W.
   Us-0034
HILL, J.L.
   US-0661
HILLMAN. G.L.
HILLS' L.W.
   Uj-0770
NINE. L.P.
   Us-0303
HINGST, G.F.W.
   Us-0002
HINKLBElN, J.A,
   Us-0822
HOLIFIELD, R.B.
   Ub-0854
HOLLEY, J.D.
HOOKtRr R.
   US-0113
HOOVtR' A.K.
   Us-0693
HOPKINS' R.M.
   Ub-0b07
HOPKltJSr S.
HOSKlNSONf G.H.
   US-0359r US-U379
HOWAKUr U.G.
   Ub-0b96
HOWEf A.F.
   Uf)-OGl8
IIOWELL- J.MCC.
   UE.-Ob02
HUlSBAHIIr P.J.
   US-OG17
HUCK» W.L.
   US-01b9
HUDSONr J.W.
   US-0»24
HUGHCSt U.S.
   US-0771
HUKKIr R.T.
   US-0707
HUMES r C.L.
HUNTfR, H.G.
   US-0137
HUWST. T.U.
   US-0753
HUTCHISONr G.T-
   US-0011
HUVAL» M.
   US-0796
HYDE' R.W.
   US-063b
I LANDER, N.
   US-0^>13
ILLINGWORTH' R.H.
   us-0509' u-j-n
IMAUAlil' H.
   US-0749
INDBRYiJ, L.
   US-0212
ITOH, S.
   US-0087
JACKER1IIG, G.
   US-07(il
JACOBS' J.H.
   US-0296
JACOBSON, R.D.
   US-0066
JEFFREYS, G.A.
   US-0068
JEMAL, E.J.
   US-0491
JENSEN' L.
   US-0145
Jc.RtJSTROM< K.W.
   US-0604
JOAr C.G.
   US-OGlO
JOFFE' J.S.
   US-0487
JOHNSON, A.F.
   US-0551, US-0552
JOHNSON, L.F.
   US-Ob67
JOHNSON, P.J.
   US-U339
JOHNSON, S.W.
   US-011G
JONES, A.J.
   US-Oo48
JONES, B.L.
   US-0431
JONES, C.E.
   US-U731
JONES, H.W.
   US-01'j7, US-0670
JONES, J.
   US-0045
JONES, J.A.
   US-0431
JONES, L.D.
   US-0765
.JORDAN» C.H.
   US-0446
JORDAN, H.
   US-0634, US-0637
JUNCKr J.A.
   US-0198
JUNG, R.
   US-0274
OUNO, A.K.
   US-OOG2
JUKISICH, J.M.
   US-0097
KALIKAr P,h.
   US-03»1
KAMIN, L.F.
   US-070b, Ub-0709
                                                                                 409
-------
Inventor Index
KANDLEr L.A.
   US-Ob57
KAKPAC» J.A.
   US-OJ04
KAUTZr H.P.
   US-0741
KAY> D.
   US-03S1
KLALY. J.
   US-OB26
KEEtJEr A.T.
   US-0218
KLLLr L.L.
   US-0613
KELLER. L.L).
KELLEY. R.A.
   US-0387
KELLOGG > C.«.
   US-OObO
KELLb» E.L.
   Ub-0806
KLLLY» M.J.
   Ub-02o5> Ui-0291
KI:MPLR» H.L.
   Ub-0638
KEIJNt.OY» R.R.
   Ub,-00t>5r US-0020
KtlNTr  P.M.
   Ub-0019
KEOGH» H.U.
   Ub-087b
       J.A.
KuRRr  W.T.
KILGORE*  W.E.
    US-0397
KILMLR»  W.M.ti.
    U'j-0808f  US-0615
KIMUKAr  K.
    Uu-0fa02
KlMUl
-------
                                                                         Inventoi Index
LAMBERT, 13. F.
   US-OW6
LANARUr F.W.
   US-0?09
LANGFOKD, G.W.
   US-Or>72
LANYOMt R.P.
   US-02H1
L ARSON, J.u.
   US-DObl
LARSON, v. .C.
 '  U'.;- lib 21
LARSSON, h.
   US-Ooflo
LAUTKKuACHr  J.F.
   US-0198
ULAr N.'J.
   us-obior  u^-o
L.EATHAM. E.
   US-U302
LECIILKi J.
   US-ObbU
LEL» A.L.
   US-OU98
LELr K.L.
   US-0 006
LEHMAN • (<•.
   US-0412
LLIDECKt.K' H.A.
   US-Oo77,  U'
LE LAUIUUr L.A.
   US-O/UO
LLONOKr M.F.
   US-Obl7»  Ub-O
LE PAGL r H.A.
   US-Uo'jb
LESCHIUbKYr  F.P.
   US-Ul7o
LE TOURfJT.AUr  f<.G
   US-0167
LETZt W.H.
   US-Ob06
LEWERS, T.R.
LOANEr L.b.
   U'j-0677
LEhlS. f. .C.
   US-UH17
LlUEEtJ,  E.J.
   US-U^07
LIEUKANr  A.J.
   US-Oodb
LlNUEr Il.T.
   US-U'*^U
          D.W,
          l
          I..H.
   US-0421
   US-Oub3
LINK' (. . T.
US-0679
             H.J.
LOHSTOl.TEHr  J.E.
   Ub-0741
LOREiJGSi E.
   Ub-0212
LOWEr J.C.
   Ub-0273
LOWKYr  J.W.
   Ub-05iJ''l
LUC AS >  H.
LUGE, K.E.
   Ub-03h2
LUNDY»  A.S.
LURIf  K.J.
   Ub-0472
LYALL>  J.U.
   Ub-073b
MAASljFIRG,  W.
   US-OB61
MAC  DUFF IE f  M.
   U'j-OO'obr  US-0077
MAC  Klf.'NEY»  H.B.
MACKLIN'  M.R.
    Ub-oai4
MAEUA,  Y.
    Ub-0067
MAESTA5-  T.E.
    Ub-07,59
MAIT1LASSO,  A.J.
MALICK,  F.S.
    Ub-0238
MALLARD r  J.K.
MANOLLHAUMr  H.
MANOv  M.M.
    Ub-0340
MAPAbCOr  J.A.
    Ub-0b08
MARGALAi  C.E.
 MAIUUI,  L.G.
    Uu-O'H.b
 MAR IN! r  1,0.
    Ub-OnbS
 MA!?K,  A.
    Us-OHO
 MARKuL,  J.M.
    U.,-Ol3t!
 MARM.F7r  H.A.
LINTZi M.
   Ub-0799
 MARKS,  A. A.
    US- 0071
 MARTIN'  E.G.
    US-OB09
                                                                                  411
-------
Inventor Index
MARTIN* J.
   US-0023
MARTIN' M.F.
   US-OU80
MARTIN' R.W.
   US-0286
MARTIN* T.J.
   US-0160
MARTIN' W.S.
   US-0312
MATTEINI. S.
   US-0099. US-0332.
   US-0337
MAURICE. P.
   US-0210. US-0336
MAXWELL, J.A.
   US-OU14
MAXWELL. W.A.
   US-0173. US-018"
MC ADAMS* J.E.
   US-0021
MC ADAMS. P.P.
   US-0151
MC AFEE' J.
   US-07B3
MC ALLISTER' W.J.
   US-OH26
MC CANDLESS' W
   US-0890
MC CARTllY. J.
   US-0724. US-0732
MC CAULEY. H.E.
   US-0177
MC COMBS. M.W.
   US-0123
MC ELROY. W.R.
   US-0473
MC GlNNISr G.£.
   US-02b5
MC INTAKE. B.U-
   US-0122
MC INTYRE. W.Q.
   US-0122
MC LELAND. H.H.
   US-0845
MC LENDON. H.U«
   US-0297
MC LOUTH. U.F.
   US- 0371
MC NEICE". J.C.
MC NEILL. H.L.
   US-0734
MEIbELi G.M.
   US-07^1
MELGAAKO' H.L.
   US-03V3
MELLLR. F.I I.
   US-033d
MEIJGES* J.T.
   U'o-0427
KENRA1H. J.E.
   US-0207
MERGES. H.A.
   US-0462
MEIUHER. K.L.
   US-072ti
MEKZ. J.W.
t-iESCHEH. H.E.
   US-0511
HESSLN-JASCHIN, G.
   US-07b9
MEYER. P.P.
   US-0870
MEYER. P.J.
   US-0233
MEYERS. T.F.
   US-Ufc>42
MICHAEL.IS' 0.
   US-020b
MILDH. G.
   US-OU18
MILLS' i-t.T.
MILLER. C.L".
MILLER' E.C.
   US-02o9. Ub-0352'
   US-0353
MILLER' E.W.
   US-0194
MILLER. F.A.
   US-07S7
MILLER. J.L.
   US-0236
MILLER. R.J.
   US-0259
MILLHISLR. R.G.
   US-0782
MINER. W.W.
   US-Ot>67
I'.INX. R.P.
   US-0209
MIYAG1. T.
   US-0087
MIYATA. S.
   Ub-0748
MOEGLING. E-
   US-0377
MOLLtR. K.J.
MOLLKING.  G.U.
   Ub-0657
MONGELLUZZO.  A.E
   US-0423
MONTGOMERY. J.H.
MONTGOMERY.  rt.T.S.
   Ub-0270
MOORE. A.E.
   Ub-06oU
MORAN. J.N.
MORGAN. C.A.
   Ub-0235
412
-------
                                                                         Inventor Index
 MORGANr T.P.
    US-0'»25
 MORGENSON, D.J.
    US-0565
 MORRISON, G.W.
    Ub-0719
 MORRISON* R.H.
    Ub-0"4iQ
 MORRlSONr R.L.
    U^-0108
 MORROW* J.H.
 MOTHCRSHAW,  H.G.
    Ub-0029
 MOTTr  C.W.
    Us-0669,  US-0874
 MOUDY,  R.T.
 MOUSHEGIAN,  H.
    US-0279
 MOUSbOULOS,  L.S.
    Ub-Ob&O
 MOUSTAFA,  A.
    Ub-0496
 MOZLcY.  R.H.
    Ub-0792
 MULLtR*  L.D.
    Ub-0792
 MURPHY f  T.F.
    Ub-0880»  US-0881
 MURPhYr  T.L.
    Ub-0519
 MUSTLE>  3.E.
    Ub-0355
 MUTCuLERf  P. A.
    Ub-0333
 MYEKSf D.C.
    US-0406
 MYROLDf  A.O.
    US-0830. US-0833
 NAKAMUKAr  S.
    US-0087
 NAPIER'  M.A.
    US-0593
 NAPOLITANO* G.C.
    US-0601
 NARVE5TAD, E.
    US-01U5
 NASH» V.V.
    U5-0130
 NEBELUNGr  R.G.
    US-0278
 NElGHBOURf L.H.
    US-0832
 NELSON »  A.W.
    US-0?02» US-0720.
    US-0727
NELSON »  G.L.
    US-0789
NELSON*  N.A.
   US-0142
NESTOR r  L.R.
   US-0655
 NEVILLE,  D.O.
    US-0115
 NICHOLSr  C.W.
    US-0283
 NILLES*  P.C.
    US-0153
 NILSSON,  A.E.
    US-0733
 NILSSONt  N.F.
 NILSSON,  N.G.H.
    US-OS63
 NOEL,  M.A.
    US-0291
 NORTON, C.L.
    US-0003
 NORTON, O.C.
    US-0202
 NUTTING,  G.M.
 013ER,  H.C.
    US-0872
 OBERKAMPER,  I.E.
    US-0628
 O'URILN,  A.J.
    US-0732
 OOOM,  J.J.
    US-0763
 OKAMURA,  H.
    US-01494
 OKUN,  N.N.
    US-0039
 OLIVER' P.M.
    US-0118
 OLIVER, R.O.
OLSEN, A.R.
   US-0375
O'NEAL, £5.0.
   US-0103
O'REILLY, B.
   US-0542
OSbORN, R.C.
   US-0625
OSTER, E.A.
   US-Ob39
OSTERMAN, J.
   US-0106
OZEKI, b.
   US-0602
HA1NE, VJ.V.
   US-0033
PALMER, G.W.
   US-Ou90, Ub-07l4,
   US-U715, Ub-0723
PALMITtR, D.R.
   US-0602
PANTO JA,  E.V.
   US-0243, US-0321
PAPP, A.M.
   US-0303
PAPP AS, 0.0.
   US-Ob92, Ub-0693
                                                                                413
-------
Inventor Index
PARK. G.S.
   US-0716
PARKY, V.F.
   US-0107
PATTERSuiJ, W.W.
   US-0159
PAULSON, H.E.
   us-0853
PEARL. D.R.
   Ub-G364
PEUERSEN, F.
   US-0212
PEET. W.A.
PORCH. E.A.
   Ub-0174
POULbCN. A.E.
PELLET I LR. E.
PENULETON. P.P.
   US-OU36
PERRIU, R.
PERKY'
PERRY. R.E.
   Ub-0277
PERSKY, N.N.
   US-0616
PETERf C.
   US-0470
PETEK5EN. K.
   US-0617
PETERSEN. K.F.
   Ub-0051i US-0070
PETERSON. C.H.
   US-06bO
PETERSON. R.A.
   US-0178
PETERSON, W.S.
PEUSCHEL, G.K.
   US-07H6
PHILLIPS, H.E.
   Ub-0262
PHILLIPS, R.C.
   US-ObOl
PICKER. H.J.
   US-0873
PIERCE, G.A.
   Ub-0506
PIERbON. N.A.
   US-0056. US-0059,
   US-0067. US-0071.
   Ui-0079, US-0081,
   Ub-0093
PINTO, P.J.
   US-0392
PIOCH, R.J.
   US-0599
PLAUTZ, A.L.
   US-Ollb
PODKORE, H.L.
   Ub-0656
POLK, W.C.
   Ub-0266
POWERS. J.H.
   Ub-0230> US-OolO.
   US-0621. US-0632
PRESENT. M.T.
   Ub-0104
PRICE. H.
   Ub-0b91
PRICE. H.R.
PROHL. R.F.
   Ub-0o45
PROLLR. b.
   US-0522
PRUESSMER. R.D-
   US-OOOi
PURUY, E.H.
   US-0290
QUINN. O.T.
   US-0500
QUINTO, M.
   US-0^91
RAAB, H. A.
   US-0586
RAMM, J.L.
   US-000<4
RAHSTACK, R.J.
   US-0329
RANKIN, C.S.
   US-0314
RANSOM, G.E.
   US-OH05
RAPP, L.J.
   US-0135
RAUCHLR. W.L.
   US-0227
REDMAN, E.
   US-0006
REDMAN, L.E.
   US-0057. US-OObO
REGELE. C.A.
REINHARDT, R.L.
   US-0200
REITZ, D.S.
   US-069a
REMIG, P.W.
   US-0389
REMORE, V.D.
   US-0240
RENWICK, C.S.
   US-0503
REUSSER. P.U.
   US-0300
REYNOLDS. C.C.
   US-0287
RICH, C.E.
   US-070G
RICH, P.C.
   US-07b7
414
-------
                                                                          Inventor Index
 RIOGEWAY.  E.L.
     US-ObOJ
 RIEDIIOL?,  M.D.
     US-0798
 RIKERf  R.W.
     us-oouy
 RINEHARTr  D.L.
 RINEHAKT.  J.R.
    Ub-U4bH
 KlTCHEYf C.
 KITCHIE. C.I.
    Ub-0304
 KIVLRS- R.C.
        P.T.
    UG-U172
 KObltJSON* S.S.
 KOEDCLi M.
    Ub-0o80
 (  T.
    US-Oi:06
 KOSEIJSTLJN.  A.J.
    US-04bl
 HOSENSTLINf  N.
 H030IA*  1 1. P.
    US-0725
 KOSS»  J.F.
    US-0367
 HOSS1. C.E.
    US-0302
 KOYAUr T.B.
        L.A.
KUDDOCKr  W.
   US-017b
KUtGG. E.
   Ub-0770
KUEGG. K.
HUMl'EL. U.D.
   US-0143
KUMPEL* u.O.
   US- 01 '1 3
KUNOLE.* G.W.
   Uj-0621)
 UUPf'f P.P.
    US-OtJ'tU
 lUJSHr H.C.
    Ub-08bO
 RUSKINr S.L.
 RUSSELL. J.D.
    UL.-0009
          J.H.
 KUSStLL. S.D.
    Us-0582
 KUZIKA» J.W.
 S AFFORD- E.
    Ub-0456
 SAILERSr Y.T.
    Ub-02f,0
 ST. CYR» A.L.
    Ub-0279
 SArJDt J.G.
    US-0711)
 SANDERS' M.D.
    Ui>-0826
 SANUERSOfg» W.H.
    Ub-OObOr US-0810
 SANOsTROHr L.O.E.
    US-0694
 SASAKI*  Y.
    Ub-0.515
 SAUKKOr  L.E.
    Ub-0615
 SAYLESr  C.P.
    US-0792
 SCHAFERf  H.
    UU-0082
 SCHAf-FLER.  G.
    US-0592
 SCHIuDLERr  H.C.
    US-0622
 SCHlNSKEr  W.G.
    Ub-06b2
 SCHLt-fJZt  H.E.
    Ui-0797
 SCHLEY»  G.C.
    Ub-0575
 SCHLICKf  A.M.
    US-002G
 SCHMIDT*  N.T.
    U'j-0461
 SCHMIDTr  R.F.
    US-0876r  US-0877r
    Ub-0078r  US-0879
 SCHNElBLEf  C.U.
    Ub-0737
 SCHOLEK* F.
SCHOtlNf A.R.
SCHOTT* C.C.
   US-Ub31r
   US-Ob93
                                                                                 415
-------
Inventor Index
SCHROERING* J.l).
   US-0691
SCHUOERT. P.R.
   US-Q234
SCHUL^E. K.L.
   US-0075. US-0080
SCHUTT. H.C.
   US-0091
SCHUTTE* A.M.
   US-0768
SCHUT2* D.P.
   US-050b
SEAOROOK, C.S.
   US-006b
SEAVER. J.J.
   US-U738
SEDORE. E.C.
   Ur)-0l39, US-086t
SLIFL'KTt A.
   US- 0399
SENOSKI, W.C..
   us-opoo
SHAOAKER* H.A.
   US- 00 08
SHADDOCK. R.E.
   US-Ofa56
SHAFFER, C.E.
   US- 00 2 'j
SHAKPE.  H.W.
   US-Q2H2
SHARPE.  P.S.
   US-0250r  US-0324
SHELBY,  J.A.
   US-06bO
SHELDON,  W.M.
   US-06S4
SHELL.  N.U.
   US-U41U
SHEPHERD »  A.D.
   US-0486
SHEPHERD r  T.C.R.
   US-0639»  US-0662
SHERMANi  G.O.
   US-0636
SHERMAN.  R.M.
   US-0204.  US-0206,
   US-02J1.  US-0237.
   US-0288
SHERRILL.  C.A.
    US-0063
SHIMASAKI.  S.
    US-0602
SHIRAI» T.
    US-0^76
SHIRK. R.M.
    us-oocm
 bHIVE. W.M.
bHUMAKLR. T.P.
   US-07U3
SIEGELf K.kJ.
   US-U393
bILVLRS. A.M.
   US- 01 92
blEVLRS. C.J.
   US-0192
blEVERS. L.
   US-0192
bILK» P. 13.
   Ub-OOOb
bIMANEK. T.J.
   Ub-0181
blMPSONr F.S.
   US-0350
bIMPSOIj. J.C.
   Ub-0bo5
bIKACUSA. O.
   US-0316.  US-032o
SIrtLRSSOIJ.  O.L.
   US-UH62
bLAVICH. M.
   Ub-0743
bLUITLK. A.
  HOELU. N.
    Ub-0'J37
  HOEMAKLR. R.C.
    US-Olio
bMART*  A.
   Ub-0224
bMEULUNU. E.G.
   US-0463.  Uj-0584
SMITH.  D.P.
   US-0165
SMITH*  E.F.
   Ub-02't9
SMITH*  L.H.
   Ub-0o09
SMITH.  L.C.
   US-0033
bMlTH,  R.B.
   US-00&9*  U^,-0090
SMITH*  R.H.
   US-0(m»  Ub-0102
SMITH*  W.C.
   US-0327
SMITH.  w.H.
   US-049b
bMOKER. I.Z.
   UG-OU30
StCAD.  E.B.
   Ub-01b6
SHELL*  J.R.
   Ub-0084
SNIDLR* A.M.
   Ub-OtOO
SOLOMON. J.H.
   Ub-0403
SOMMLR* H.
    Ub-0bl6
SONTHCIMER*  H.
    Ub-07b5
 SPEIJCER. P.W.
    Ub-0358
 416
-------
                                                                         Inventor Index
SPIES* F.R.
   Ub-0488
SPINULER. H.
   Ub-0076
SPROuLL, R.C.
   Ub-0499. UG-US06
SRODA. G.R.
   Ub-00d3
STAATS. J.F..
   Ub-022b
STEFANYK, f/.
   Ub-0323
STEINLE. L.E.
   Ub-04G5
STEVLHS. C.F.I!.
   Ub-0i!40. U5-0812
STEVLNS. E.G.
   Ub-0034
STrVtNSO!;. J.M.
   U_,-02b2
STIRLING. H.T.
   US-0477
STObER* K.E.
   US-079b
STONt» C.A.
   US-0269
STONf JtK.
   Ui-0532
STRATFORD r H.W.
   U'j-0528
STRATTON. R.R.
   Ub-0b7il
STRELCK. R.
   Us-0109
STRE/YNSKIf G.J.
   U-o-0770
STROiCRTr L.E.
   Uo-0006
STRUCKMANNr H.
   Ub-0020
STUULERf A.R.
   Ub-0380
S7UELA>IH» H.M.
   US-0144
STULLCR. H.E.
   US-0200
STUMPFr C.A.
   US-0017
SUNDAY. E.G.
   US-0^25
SUTPHIN» L.M.
   US-0468
SUZUKI. Y.
   US-Q087
SVET-JSJO. N.E.
   US-0773, US-0774
SWANSONr C.L.
   US-033H
SwINTr H.G.
      R.R.
   US-071fa
S2ILAGYI. B.
   US-0591
TACKr F.H.
   US-0128
TACKr K.R.
   US-Ol2ti
TADA. M.
   US-0318
TAHAR. A.8.
   US-U638
TAKtTA. II.H.
   US-0888
TALHCRT. A.O.
   US-0127
TAI1NY. S.
   US-0884. US-088b
TARHOXr J.L.
   US-0213
TAUl3ENBLAT» P.P.
   US-OD25
TAYLOR. H.E.
   US-0364
TAYLOR. S.Y.
   US-Ob78
TELL. K.G.
   US-0852
TERHO. M.J.
   US-0717
TESSIER. J.D.
   US-0573
TEST. R.L.
   US-0278
TESTOLIN. A.A.
   US-0614
TEZUKA. K.
   US-Ob89
THOMAS. P.
   US-086b
THOMPSON. J.H.
   US-0486
THOMPSON. R.S.
   US-Ob79
THOMPSON. W.E.
   US-Ob20
TIMERSON. A.E.
   US-OU07
TOKARZ. R.M.
   US-Ob06
TOLSTON. C.C.
   US-02b8
TOPIMKA. G.F.
   US-0612
TOKRLY. A.J.
   US-Oo87
TRACY. J.F.
   US-0061
TKAUUAKGER. D.O.
   Ub-0o30
TRIBE. N.G.
   US-0028
TRUSSE.LL. U.
   US-0760
                                                                                 417
-------
 Inventor Index
 TURNERt J.F.
    UO-U342
 1U/WIAK. L.A.
    UG-Ob31
 TYSON i  M.R.
    US-0'j83
 UbbE» J.
    US-0(J7u
 UZUAVINES, E.A.
 VANDENHOECK. J.F>.
    Ub-0475
 VAN UtR AUEr C.R.
    US-0354
 VAN OEK WEHFTr B.
    US-0014
 VAN RILL.  H.
    US-0777
 VARRO.  S.
    Ub-000'j.  Ub-0077
 VICKERY.  F.W.
    Ub-0772
 VluNOSf J.C.
    US-Oiji+6
 VILLAD£U\I, K.J.S.
    US-0489
 VINCENT*  D.U.
    US-0490
 VINCENT.  J.C.
 VINYARD.  H.O.
    Us-0l6(i
 VISSuRS*  H.
    Ub-Ollbl
 VOORHEEb, F.T.
    U-_,-04^a
 VROMANf  W.R.
    Ub-0221
 riACLLf  J.A.
    Ub-0257
 WALKLR»  U.L.
         R.E
 WALLERSTEDT »  G.A-
   UL.-0799
 WALL1N»  R.E.
   US-Ool3
 WALSTROMr S.R.
   US-0130
 WALTER'  M.
         K.
         67
          H.J.
       0'+2y
       M.N.
   Ub-0^44
,-JARO,  U.T.
         d9
         J.P.
WASHbURN.  B.b.
   Us-0006r  US-0313
riASP,  E.J.
   Ub-0111
WATERMAN.  A.C.
WATLKSONr  A. P.
.VEBULR'  C.
   Ub-0100
WfJibLR'  K.L.
        J.
   Us-0133
   Ub-0220>  US-0223
WLGMANr  L.S.
   US-0271;
WL:IR,  J.F.
   Ub-0713»  US-0729
WE I Si, » F.A.
       P. A.
WELLS. R.L.
   US-0180
WENIGER. J.K.
   US-0769
WEtJtJPR. A.
   US-0229
WESTALL, T.E.
   U5-0141
WLSTFALL. J.F.
   US-0615
WL'bTOtJf D.
   US-0649. Ub-0651
WEbTRATf. J.M.
   US-0558
VvET^EL. R.C.
   US-0641
WHITE. C.M.
   US-OU71
WHITF. J.H.
   U5-0362
WHITMAN, J.E.
   U5-0280
WICKE. C.A.
   US-OC><4<4
WILD. J.A.
   Ub-0046
WILEY. S.K.
   US-0241
WlLKfNIfjG. E.R.
   US-0082
WILKFS. G.H.
   US,-04b7
W1LLETT. G.H.
   US-0221
WILLlAril',. B.F.
   US-Of,2b
WILLIAf'f,» C.C.W.
   UC-064Q
418
-------
                                                                          Inventor Index
 WILLIAM;, r  J.D.
    US-0167
 WILLIAMS  M.A.
    US-0167
 WILLIAMS »  R.D.
    US-0150
 WILHOTH, H.L.
    US-H199
 WILMOTH, J.H.
    US-0199
 WILSOllf  D.D.
    US-0692
 WINKLLPLECKr  R.G.
    US-07W
 WINTER'  H.W.
    US- n 027 ,
                                                      D.b.
    Ur,-<
 WINTER'
         J.
          F.H.
   US-0190
       E.L.
   US-OUcib
       J.L.
   US.-OU70
wOLI-Ff U.S.
   US-04U2
>,OOD» 6.U.
   US-0704
v,OOUi O.C.
                                             .-.OTSChKLr J.
                                                U'j-009t>
                                             wKlGHTr w.C.
                                                      j J.M.
                                                       3
                                                       H.
                                                uG-ouoa
                                             tLLLOTr J.I.
                                             YtOMAIJbr  C.
                                                US-OuOl
                                             YOL'r  G.'o-
 YOEFiGQKr  R.R.
    Ub-Obbl
 YOUNG >  J.L.
    US-0741
 YOUk&r  K.k.
    US-Oo07
 YOUIJut  W.W.
                                            YUtNGLKr  K.L.
                                               U5-0046
                                            /ANFTi  A.fj.
                                               US-OJ22
                                                      C.F.
                                               US-0390
                                                      C.R.
r.OODr L.S.
   Ub-0129
hOOD«UFK» M.D.
   US-07HO
wOOLDKIDGbr
   U'j-0154
1, OOLL. U'.W.
   US- 0782
            M.
        A.L".
   US-012L)
ZIMMi_RMANNr iv.
   US-0609
21HK, E.F.
   Us-0170
ZlNNr R.L.
   US-0293
ZOLLlNGLRf H.A.
   Us-0702
                                                                                 419
-------
                               PATENT CONCORDANCE
         iif L>9'J I 31<3
           7U2f
             2f 792
         «i »c)oU» O'io
         2(909(279

         c(';77f 9uJ
         3 f ' J L c f b *j 2
         jf Ubbf 744
         3( l3(xuUt3
         3( I4^.»bb 7
         3f luuf 122
         if Io2f 077

         if, u 7(H90
         ifiolf o79
         if Ju7( b07

         3f il9(dlO

         3(319(010
               i 7t>o
            ,500(407
           f jtll f y
               f o!jl
               f ob7
          i f it u 4 f 7 7 o
          it 1uLn ob7

          Of Mil f 'K/J
          i' '(4.H f 070
          3 f t)*_t f L)SL>
          J> r q H 't f ,j U o
          Of i,H 7 r Ibtl
uT On
CA.4
CA,.
ol LiK
bT L1H
i* iT
CA 1
i ,f T £>
AU-> 1 K
MUbTK
:>niT
ut>\
AU->Ti(
Uuiv
LA i
LA.I
CAii
b r p.t<
'jrtlT
ol UK
b.vIT
CA.J
OLK
OT BK
k,Ai.
CAi-l
f -r
-J A i 1
Lh>i
b.-dT
LrtiJ
j in i T
UL'<
JAPAri
CM,)
LA>i
biJlT
b7b»b47
4bbf 3U7
4u9(0ul
o7(K 119
74U(3b7
303( I4b
bb4 ( Obo
i t / i . 7 j 1>
t »J " * / O i-
246 f b07
4l.i(l9o
11 n • i -i 1
i loO ( iOI
-Ob75
Uj-i)fti99
Urj-0699
U^-0223
Urj-0b21
U'j-Ub22
U'o-0231
US-U3o9
US-U071
ir>-UG7l
U'J— U290
US-0')bO
U'-.-UObl
Uj-OUb2
Uj-OOb7J
US-0077
US-0237
US-0379
U5-U079
US-0293
US-OdoO
Ub-029b
U^-O^^b
U^-0717
US-0717
US-0717
Ub-0717
Ur>— Ou3'T
US-031b
US-03b^
US-ObU7
US-0096
                                            olU'439
b,/, IT     4b9(440
t,T BK  I,l49f:
ObbR     2^2i
of BK  Iflb4(744
uf bt<  Idb4(lbb
CA •<      o09(9'td
ol !3t<  Ifloo(b7b
of LM<  l(i7U(7Ul
uT UK  1,17«
oT HI,  l,lb.
irtlT     4b.
bl i3n  l,173(9jb
oT
        f lu-J f 1'ju
        f i j i • 0 -j 7
                                                                   Uj-0040
                               U5-U'i77
                               U^-0099
                                                                   US-0313
                                                                   U5-0318
                                US- 0 Hbb
                                US-U33b
                                US-0067
420
-------
                                                                 Patent Concordance

                          bT  BK 1,1
                                                           Uc>-U3b3
.5.1447, <>^u                t>L^    1,<:3'
                          iiviT    47
                          CAi.      7o=>.2J7                u'->-0212
                          oT Bh  l.uol.'tao                US-0212
                                                           U5-OH27
Jf471.i-.7b                bull     -*7d»21o                Ur.-U105
                             OK  I,lo4.9o7                u
                                                                             421
-------
                                PATENT NUMBER INDEX
                                                            U5-0618
c* 370.246
2.370.315
«i» J71 < 540
<:.371.743
      »7u2
2»37b>876
£•377. 184
2,3dO»014
<.• • 303 . 3i>6
,-.3<:3»b34
<_.384»496
 .399.bu9
 .»399tL>29
 -»401 . Ib9
       b2U
       m3
   421 1 4bL>
cii428«420
       lub
      f b71
 4< f 4 L 1 f 1 0 1
      r684
 2»4bb»49fa
 2»46u» Ibl
 2.46Ur613
U'.,-CibJ>
ULp-O^u-f
Uo-Uot J
UC>-OuH
Uj-0/ub
US-U172
OS-OUUl
Ub-C<;o2
US-017J
US-0735
Ut_,-07o7
               US-0137
               U'j-OiJo
               U'j-0114
               Ub-Oilb
               Ub-0402
Ub-0174
UL-Ullo
UL-0/3'4
US-Ool7
U'J-Ot>7o
u:,-tub4
U'j-0tl4
Ub-0159
Ub-0ol9
               U'j-07o:l
               Ub-07o9
               US-0770
               U'j-044U
O'j-Olbb"
U^-Oc-O-i
Uj-U/3 ;
U-)-017o
               US-U771
               Uj-Cil jo
               U'j-U ("jo
               DS-0404
               U-i-0441
               U-.-Ul>77
U'j-0621
2.474.251
2.474.695
2>47b>710
2.47o»b30
2»477»686
2.481 • 504
2»4f,^» 125
2.484.459
2»40b»407
2.485.419
54U»936
2.547,752
2. 552. ,,r7
2, Vj3f -32
2,553,454
2.554 .048
2.555.bH3
2,556.114
2« 5S7. ^>nl
2.557. 569
2.557.575
2! bt"!o!57a
2.5b0.b74
2.L)t>5.7?0
2.5o6.128
us-oaib
US-0737
U5-0177
Ub-062-05oO
U5-0002
U5-U443
Ub-0021
yS-u55u
US-0217
us-oofty
US-0444
Ub-077i:
US-0240
U3-0117
US-0160
US-0407
Ui-0773
US-040U
Uo-0627
U^-0118
US- 024 7
US-0284
US-046D
US-054t>
()S-08ob
US- 01 19
•JS-04U9
US-U120
I S-U410
US-Db?8
US-OD90
US-0022
HS-0091
US-J1H1
US-D218
US-H141
HS-0800
US-0411
422
-------
                                                                       Patent Number Index
 2 ,567,468
 2,bb7,'J92
 2 • 572 .767
 2,b77,659
 2«b77,977
 2,579,932
 2»b84,3H2
 2»ba9,G36
 2.b90»202
 2»b90.73b
 2.5'J2, 123
 2,b93.278
 2»b93,776
                               t » t>79.942
                               <:. .079.943
<;• b7b. 1 JU
c. to~Ii.it 7 U 7
    vi» 14U
      14b
      Io7
 US-0797
 U1.-0341
 US-01'12
 US-0774
                US-U121
2,b96,616
2,596,908
2,601.332
2.601,bb7
2.606.67b
2.608.943
2.ol4,279
2,614,933
2,615, 17o
2,615.636
2»bl6,379
2.b21. 099
2.621.934
2>b22.bOO
2.623.793
2.626.069
2.630.928
2,631,o29
2»o34»5l9
2,634,560
2,639,902
2,640.o92
2,643. 014
2.643.066
2.644.737
2 .645, 42d
2. 648. b 12
2,649, 21b
*:»bb2» OlU
c' ,bb4 ,^1(!
• t c t~. . x ' 1
t_ f U J _> f Oi^ O
<;»obO, 110
d. 1 6cG . hlo
d .664.247
<- i o 6 6 , 2 o 9
32
05-0203
US-0412
L'S-Of',29
US- Ob ell
US- 00 34
US-Ob70
US-0123
US-U366
US-0183
US-0004
US-0047
US- 07 38
US-0696
US-0633
US-0413
l'S'-Ob57
US-0445
US-Oti97
Ub-0^21
US-Ou^.b
UC f> L k
b-u!jbo
Ub-Oubs*
Ub-0ib-+
Ub-00j4
U^-0107
Ub-O^oo
Ub-OOO'j
Uj-0i^4
Ub-0071
Ub-0(,9o
Ub-0777
      . bbO
      Ib4
      » b43
<-.otb.370
c. . oob. fab3
t.6i:b.9ba
^ . bbb.9fa3
      . 079
                                                   . Ub4
                                             t!. 689io46
                                             «;. ouy i 64 o
                                             ^.690. JD3
                                              _.b9d. 491
                                             c .099.948
                                             4oo
f . 7 1 1 1 . c. > t;
£.. (JLU'OOJ
«i,711.b^0
ci, 714, 775
2»716.3o6
2»72b»6bO
2.73H.293
2.733.708
2,73"+,803
2, 73b,756
2,730.743
2,744,477
2,750,903
2,753,978
2,754,988
2,759.440
2.7bo»79b
2.76b»939
2.7b7.G41
2,77o,0b2
2.77o.770
2.777,40o
2.777,593
2,77t,,5l8
2,779,491
2»7au»lti7
2.703.723
2,784,537
2,784.853
2.78n,8b6
2»7b4»8ba
2,791,172
2,791,340
Ub-0167
Ub-Obb-J
Ub-0^9j
Ub-0497
Ub-0u07
Ub-Oloo
U<- — f i ' i
i> U j A o
Uj-OobO
Ub-01a9
US-0^24
Ub-0190
US-0547
Ub-0415
US-0048
US-0498
U3-0249
Ub-0314
US-03b2
US-0191
US-0701
US-0267
US-05bl
US-0651
US-0779
US-OlOd
US-0673
US-034.J
US-0702
US-0703
US-0147
US-003o
US-022b
US-0652
Ub-0674
US-044o
US-0037
US-058i!
US-0140
                                                                                  423
-------
Patent Number Index
2.792.229
2.798.800
2.804.030
2.804.031
2.809.5b7
2.815.858
2.817.203
2.820.703
2.82U.705
2.623.10o
2.823.b2b
2.P.27.744
2.82d»037
2.829.040
2.829.7bl
2.838.014
2.838'Olb
2»84b»3UU
2.648.238
2»857.2o2
2.657.2b3
2.857»8b2
2.8bl.877
2.862.341
2.86.S.4Uu
2»»b7>S21
2. 86u» 37o
2»809.487
U'j-08i>3
U'j-UOub
Ub-022o
Ui-026-04o9
 UG-0194
 U^-02^8
 US-OObB
2.879.726
2.881 .066
2. 882. .,41
2 » 1582 • 842
2.086.331
2.886.332
2.888. 158
2.889.640
2.889.043
2.891.519
2.395.433
2.895.434
2.895.436
2.898. 148
2.899.325
2.900. 0«o
2.901.339
2.911.180
2.911.295
2.912.128
2.915.0,75
2.922.586
2.922.589
2.925.054
2.925.0S5
2.929,nR8
2.932.247
2.932.713
2.934.279
2.93b.740
2»939.c'j94
2.942.792
2.943.930
2.947.619
2.951.755
US-0343
I c>-0499
t;S-C.'.i02
Ub-0209
US-0035
US-0836
l'S-0704
Uf>-08b7
US-0195
US-0367
US-0205
US-0229
US-03b3
US-0126
U5-0500
US-0675
US-0501
I.T.-0447
US-0470
US-0705
U5-0252
US-U653
US-0654
Ub-0206
US-0269
Ub-0049
Ub-UbiO
US-0230
liS-OobS
U5-U3u8
Uf;.-U7uo
ur>-ob2i
Ub-0b22
U5-0069
US-0487
2.9b2.226
2.9b4,28b
2.960.04b
2.964. 184
2.969.279
2.974.419
2.977,903
2,981,488
2.9b5.120
2.985.211
2.986,277
2,986.290
2.988.367
2.993.454
2.995.434
2.996.203
2.997.007
2.997.J4?
2,997,343
2.999 »t)0o
2.999,721
3.001.48V
0,002,83,.
0,008.749
o.010.72b
US-0231
US-0070
US-0369
US-0742
US-0071
US-0109
US-0290
US-0635
US-0291
US-0606
US-0730
US-0707
US-0837
US-0232
;;G-0502
US-0708
1>S-0292
US-0127
US-0128
US-0709
US-0129
U:--0233
U^-Obbu
U.,-OL49
U >0o3.-i
                              J).Ulb.849
                                            0.024.485
                                            0.027.853
                                            0.027.854
                                            0.027. 6bb
                                            3.031.176
                                            3.031.233
                                            3.033.308
                                            0.034.422
                                            3.034.882
                                            3.037.220
                                            0.041.143
                                            a. 041.157
                                            3.042.198
                                            3.043.245
                                            0.043.678
                                            O. U43.78b
                                            O.044.o44
                                            0.048.130
                                            0.046.409
                                             O.0b7»fao3
                                             0.059.791
                                             o. Uol .403
                                             o»Gu4»8u6
                                             0.07b.77b
                                             0.07b.611
                                             3»o78.bi38
                                             3.082.039
                                             3.083.058
                                             0. 0L'3» U59
                                             o . U 8 3 . 8 b 1
                                             3.0fc4.87b
                                             0. 087. 7b9
                                             3.091.524
                                             0.101 .2bt>
                                            Ub-0370
                                            Ub-0ib4
                                            US-OJ3-3
                                            Ub-0bb2
                                            Ub-0b03
                                            Ub-0878
                                            US-OobO
                                            Ub-0072
                                            Ub-0^34
                                            Ub-0524
                                            Ub-0471
                                            Ui-0u39
                                            US-OU'ol
                                            Ub-0u77
                                            Ub-0u78
                                            Ub-0472
                                             US-Oo37
                                             Ub-UllO
                                             Ub-0130
                                             Ub-C13l
                                             Ub-C /10
                                             Ub-Cbbo
                                             Ub-0u80
                                             Ub-0480
 424
-------
                                                                       Patent Number Index
  3,113,014
  -j, 114,u22
  3, 117,940
  3,122,425
  -i,123,026
  3,123,311
  U5-0073
3(23b(3b9
3,23b,005
3,230(743
3(239,27-4
3,239,329
3,242,868
3,24b,3bO
3,24b(954
3.24a,l75
  US-0111
  US-0,355
  U^-0504
  U5-Ob2_.
•j . 13o , uutj
3,137,75-^
o, 136,447
3, i3H,44rt
3, 141 ,759
o,142,bl//
3, 140(0o /
3, 150,61 j
3,152,7-^1,
3, lour 12:1
3,160,352
3, 161 , 30b
3, 161,412
3 , 16^ , 600
3,162,877
3, Ibj, 133
3,163, 134
3, Ibu, 033
3, 169(490
3, 173,388
3,173,389
3, 17b,994
3d7u,2o7
3,181,914
3,184,171
3, 16 b» 4 86
3,193,867
3(190(915
3(200, 182
3,20b(215
3*215,421
3,21fa,149
3,218,997
3»21b»99a
3»22u,5bb
3,224,925
3,22b,947
3,229,984
3,22.738
3.233( 7oO
Uj-0ua3
UJ-Ob27
1 1 — r ; i 7 '*
w ., O u I 1
u'j-0u7j
Ul,-0o7 ,
Uj-Uu7 /
U'.-05U:>
Ufj-023o
U^-032-J
U'.-023/
Urj-U6.')7
Uj-0711
Ur>-0841
U5-07ou
U'3-087y
U5-0270
U5-052o
US-0371
b^-0345
U5-0207
US-0208
US-0842
US-0054
U5-0162
Ub-0658
US-0843
U5-0853
US-0659
US-0529
US-0844
US-0530
US-050u
U5-0209
US-0553
US-071«i
Ui-0507
Uo-013^
US-0845
Uj-084b
US-0847
OS-0027
Ur,-U713
US-0474-
U'->07lH
               U5-0055
US-0093
US-0079
Uj-005b
U'_>-06ol
UC.-05U8
UG-0330
US-0372
U5-0057
Ub-0058
3.248.17b
3,?5b(883
3>259,0o3
3(2bS*, Od4
3,2b9,08b
3,2b3»346
3»26o,648
3,2b7,b90
3,2b8» 124
3,276,845
3,278,059
3(280,994
3(281,879
3(283(697
3,285,732
3,2
-------
Patent Number Index
3.3^'bf IbO
3.32o r 39b
Z),327.buO
.',, 329. 10f)
0.330.2311
3.330.231
3.33U.232
3.33b.9u8
3.343.34o
or 343,8 7u
0, 344. 7t>8
3.3Ub.9i,U
o. 34u,2<)2
O.34l>.9/3
3»347»ou7
J.347.597
o.347.b78
3.347.741
3»34l»2D«
3.348.b99
O»34{j»bb2
3.34(1.707
3.348.708
j,34o.715
 3f3blf304
 3.352.lib
 5 r O b . 3'o3. ys-tJ
 Or 3b4 r U2u
 O.3b4.4o9
 O.3b4 r bb3
 3r 354 r f:47
 Or 3b4 r tl4J
 0»3b'o» 044
 O » 3 b b , <- b b
 Of 356 r I) 16
 O . O b b r U 1 i)
 Of 3bu. Iil3
 3f 3.i7. 3 7b
 j,oj7f377
 o.3b7»o7^
 3 » b > /. 31 > t <
 3- ,'V, /. 3.O
 ,;.3b/.3...
 Of 3b 7. ul't
               U'.,-Olo7
               Ub-Oolb
               Ub-03o.»
               Ub-Oc. j7
               U'j-0o07
               Uj-0^o4
                Ub-Oull
                Ub-UoDb
                Ub-0744
                Ub-OloO
                Uli-Ooab
                Ub-0 71b
                U5-0719
                Ub-01b9
                Ub-0097
                Ub-0
3.3bd.812
3.361 .370
3.3b2»359
3i3b2.360
3.3b2.650
3.3bi»274
3. 3b3r 344
3»363i 345
3f 3b3r 847
3 A "Kt *. O ~3 11
f 3 O o . 9 c. 4
3r3b4r 887
3r3bor255
3r 3oor397
3r3o7r 495
3.367.52B
3»3b7» 5u3
3.367.769
3.3b584
3.369.685
3.369.797
3.37u.525
3.37u.787
3.371.629
3.371.871
3.37,^,425
3. 37 ' s. .656
3.372.725
3.37^.375
3.37,i.877
3.372.881
3-r -J , Q I 1 i
'O/t^p^lH
3.372.989
3.37o.545
3.373.704
3.37o.804
3. 374.004
3.374.034
3.374.085
3.374 ,730
3r374»95H
3.374.976
3.37-0.081
3,37j.776
7.-»-/- «7Qu.
j t O / J * ' ^^
3. 376r ?02
3.376.833
3.376,936
3.377,059
3.377.085
3.377.234
3.37R.323
3.379. 146
3.379.335
3.379.451
3*380.407
3.380.409
3.380,579
3.380.600
US-0028
US-0662
US-0613
US-0273
US-OObl
LrS-0864
US-0199
US-OP72
Ub-OflO
US—0 369
US-02'42
US-0721
US-0390
US-Ob 10
Ub- 0^-20
US-OObO
US-0531
Ub-0597
US-0211
LI5-0745
Ub-0611
US-0300
US-0391
US-0885
US-0062
US-0722
US-0421
US-0301
US-0639
US-0340
US- 02 59
U5-Q1+22
u:.-0bt)7
U3-OB51
US- 0567
Ur .^ r\ "^ 1 1 j
_j U i-J U £.
US-0814
US-0791
U3-0274
Ub-0171
Ub-0450
Ub-06b3
Ub-0532
U^-05ob
Uo-0640
US-0451
US-C3U3
US-C664
Ur>-t81b
Ub-Obll
US-0333
uS-0452
I^c,-0b33
US-04b3
US-U512
U'3-')4'54
US-0374
US-0423
US-04b5
US-0334
US-3375
US-3392
US-UbftS
  426
-------
Patent Number Index
3,381,014
3,381,901
3»3ol ,902
3,301 ,948
3,308,038
3,308, 060
3,388,624
3,308,656
3,308,679
3,308,733
3,308,785
3,388,794
3,3h8,856
3,308,882
3,309,733
3,389,792
3'389,795
3» 309, 610
3,389,864
3,390, 076
3,390,32o
3,390,004
3»39l,66l
3,391,662
3,391,776
3,391,784
3,391,611
3,392,004
3»392,083
3,392,114
3,392,666
3,392,690
3-392,825
3,393,121
3,393,462
3*393,520
3,393,651
3 '393, 6'. 2
3,393,025
3*393»87o
3*393,998
3» 394, 007
3, 394 , ti32
o , 394 , 946
0,395, 010
j, 39 5, 019
0,395,510
0.3';<5>bS5
O,395»u56
o , 395, oo3
O, o9l>, 79b
0,395,797
o,395,d59
0, 0'J5>995
0,3 'A)» 514
O , 3l-.'C» , ()(;2
0, o9d, bb3
J, 39o, 7u7
o. 39o , 844
0,39b,9u2
\ * "*(">. ^.(ilil
O t *J Jl~l ' 7 1 H
0,397.140
3,397,143
US-0424
US-Ou65
US-Oo41
DS-U477
1I5-U513
US-0478-
US-0041
US-0012
I S-0243
US-0701
US-0029
US-0746
US-0456
US-0457
US- 0393
US-0747
US-0748
US-04b3
US-Obl2
US-0790
US-0749
US-0425
US-0090
US-0260
US-0200
uS-0792
US-Otv-:9
US-0479
US-0514
US-0793
US-0598
US-0275
US-0394
US-J515
l'c-0873
US- 05 34
US-0099
US-0347
US-0395
US-u5'i5
l-'S-CSofa
I S-0750
U S — 0 4 £ o
us-ooy^
US-0537
U^-0^9^
US-0794
US-Oj'.o
US-Oou.l
U',-OU9-
US-0751
U-j-0752
US-0427
US-0554
US-0753
U_.-Ool7
US-Oo/u
US-Oui3
(J'j-07^,:
U'.,-0397
U'-j — 0 obu
US-075+
Ub-075o
0,397,657
0,397,b77
0,397,757
0,397,702
3,397,873
3,390,423
3,398,705
0,399, 110
0,399,054
3,399,903
3,400,513
0,401, 113
0,401 ,0o2
o, 4 U 1,092
0,402,037
3,402 , 640
3,403,620
O,4l.3,o43
0,403,644
3,403,645
0,403,030
3,404,643
o»404, 77b
0,404,819
o,405,bb7
0,406,423
^»4uo>424
o,407,432
3,407,941
O,408,yo7
0,406,968
0,400,9o9
o»4u9,933
3,410,427
0,411,4o5
3,411,645
3,411,659
3,411,722
3,412,696
3,412,697
3,41^,98b
3 »41 o,91o
3,41^,914
3,414, 147
3,415,402
\ • Ll \ IL t O
o , H i tj , HbV
3.417.883
3.416.003
3»41o,952
3.41y,lo7
3.41y,377
3.420.295
o»42u»455
3.42o.6l3
3.421.291
3»42<_'»9d5
3.423. 102
3.424,078
3,425,192
3,425,637
3,420,673
3,420,674
3.420.715
US-031o
US-Oo77
US-042J
US-07oo
US-030'i
US-0757
US-Ooli)
US-Oolb
US-0459
US-0460
US-0758
US-OOOo
US-042'3
US-Ou42
US- 0720
US-0430
US-0599
US-OJ19
US-Ociol
US-Oo05
US-0431
US-0320
US-Ob5u
US-0390
US-Oo3S
US-0657
US-065J
US-0042
US-04bl
U5-OoUu
US-0021
US-Oo3o
US-Obbo
US-0724
US-Od7b
US-0690
US-0399
US-0400
US-0307
US-0337
US-0277
U'.-05b4
US-05by
US-0691
US-04o2
Uf r\ ~t < , .
-•>— (Jji. 2
US-OOlo
US-0480
US-0330
US-0725
US-OOOb
U3-03ol
US-Ot>43
US-0370
US-0759
US-0433
U i-04u,>
US-0505
US-0043
US-0644
U'j-06b7
Ur,-06l4
US-0095
              427
-------
Patent Number Index
3.427.939
3.427.960
3.428.004
3»42b» 198
3. 428. 447
3»428»5b5
3.429.018
3.429.022
3.429.006
3.431.583
3.431.704
3.431,872
3.432.101
3.43o»l84
3»43b»312
3.43U'3l4
3.43o.326
3.43c)»320
3»43a»321
3.43b»322
3.43b»584
3. 43d. 740
3.439»3bl
3.439.642
3.439.003
3.44U. 134
3»44u»949
3.44U.977
3.441.H70
3.442.232
3.442.t*98
3.442.637
3.443.745
3.444. 5(U
3.444.006
3»445, b49
3.446. 026
3.446.163
3.447.179
3.447. 188
3.447.287
3,447,449
3,447,493
3.447.920
3.448. 135
3.448. 509
3,440.704
3.448.932
3,449,247
3,449, 780
3.4bl . 185
3. 4bl . 453
3.451 .488
3 . 4 b 1 » b 7 1
3.4bl»799
US-0600
UG-0601
US-0262
US-0379
US-0538
U5-0087
US-0481
US-0539
Uj-0493
U'j-03b9
Uj-04t)3
U',-0323
Uj-0817
US-0822
Ur)-0517
US-0518
UG-079b
U'j-05ob
US-0587
U'j-0588
Uj-00o3
US-0064
US-0660
U-o-0014
US-0540
US-0519
US-076U
US-03U8
US-0494
L'G-u362
b 5-0 (••H9
Ur,-0435
us-unaa
US-U726
tib-0088
3»4l>4, 174
3,4f,4,240
3»4b'5»257
3»4!>6» 603
3»4b6f 604
US-OU09
US-G727
tJS-004t)
US-D339
US-0728
US-u3t^O
Ub-0309
                                            3r4f>6»821
                                            3r4b6»824
                                            3 i 457,081
                                            3»4b7r883
                                            3»4'58»029
                                            3»4b9,003
                                            3»460,lf,5
                                            3f 4bO» I8o
                                            3f 460.294
                                            3»460f463
                                            3»460»489
                                            3»4(>Oi49Q
                                            3r4bO,769
                                            3r46lio5Q
                                            3.4o2.275
                                                  001
                                            J»4b7»b(i7
                                            O,4o(; r 411
                                            J>,46U»417
                                            j,46«> 974
                                            O,470f00b
                                            o,H71» OU3
                                            o»471«275
                                            3.471(401
                                            3,472. 186
                                            3.472.304
                                            j. 4 73 • 331
                                            0.473.493
                                            O. 473 .494
                                            0.474.483
                                            3.470.179
                                            o. 476.273
                                            o.478»70u
                                            0.47C..71.7
                                            0.47 -» 9.J9
                                            ^tl /ti.y 70
                                            ^.479 . 17ci
                                            J.480. 176
3.482»b34
J.4J3.832
0.4(14.231
                                           US-OOlb
                                           US-0693
                                           US-0102
                                           US-0278
                                           US-0349
                                           US-032b
                                           US-0016
                                           US-0103
                                           US-0044
                                           US-OB63
                                           US-0017
                                           U5-0604
                                           US-0310
                                           US-0263
                                           US-0482
                                           US-U890
                                           US-0018
                                           US-0212
                                           US-0729
                                           US-0483
                                            U_,-073o
                                            Ub-04o7
                                            Ub-07b
-------
                                                                     Patent Number Index




'B.J7      US-07o3                        oiUHt
                                                         Ub-Uoio
                                                                                429
-------
                                   SUBJECT INDEX
ACTIVATED f.LUDoE
    COMPOSTING*  JS-0087
    SEhAGE.  US-U797,  US-079B
AFTERBURNER,  U'i-U2a,.» US-0J532
AGRICULTURAL WASTES
    BALEK.  US-ub77
    BRAN FIliEK CONVERTED TO
      FERTILIZER*  US-082'*
    CART. US-Ojud
    CASTOR  BEAu POMACE
    COLLECT I ON r  US-0160,
    COMPOSTIUG
        POULTRY MANURE*  US-0083
    COUVf.kT.iD TO Ct.l"itLNT» US-0823
               TO POULTRY LITTER*
               LIO  US-Ob61
        CONvFKTLJ TO ANIMAL FEED
              Li!^
         COiWEYGR* US-07b7* US-07ol
    SHRLL'UCK* Uf>-0b06» US-Oull
         WITH SPREADER* Uj-0o33*
STORAGE.
SEE ALSO
                    DRUM* US-0830

                     !  MANURE
ASH
    COLLFCTlOrlr  U
         VACUUM*  US-003b» US-0037
    COI;VKYO,<
       US-OU21*  U'-.-OU24» US-OU2b»
       U'o-OOc'b*  U'j-0037
    RECEPTACLE .  J
    KEOUCTION*  U'-i
                                                REMOVAL* US-OU23* US-U214.
                                                  US-02J3
                                                    AUTOMATIC INDICATION  or
                                                      N'_U) FOR. US-U3b4
                                                SHAKING ASSLKuLY, US-0355
                                                UTILISATION
                                                    ROAU CONSTRUCTION* US-0476
                                            AUTOMOBILE
                                                BALER, US-ObfiJ» US-0592
                                                CON'PACTuRr US-Ob98
                                                COMPRESSION. US-Ob31
                                                CRUSHER* US-Obt>9
                                                    »JITH SEPARATOR* us-obbb
                                                INCINERATOR
                                                    HIGtl PRESSURE • US-0277
                                                METAL-SCRAP* US-ObHb
                                                RECLAMATION* US-ObOQ
                                                    SEPARATIt.ij* US-Ub45
                                                SHREDDER
                                                    COMBINED WITH HAMMERMILL*
                                                      us-ooit
                                                    CORD
                                                        RECLAMATION*  U
                                                    UTluIZATIUtJ. US-0480
                                            BAFFLE
                                                DISPOSED. US-u63b
                                                DRAFT CULTROL. US-0223
                                                PERFORATED. US-0249
                                                STREET CLEAN!: R» US-UUb9
                                            BAGASSE
                                                CONVERTED TO FUEL* US-Obl7*
                                                  US-051H
                                            BALER
                                                AGRICULTURAL v.AbTE'j.  US-0&77
                                                AUTOMOBILE* Ub-0b83*  US-0592
                                                BALE
                                                    UOU.MD WITH TWINE. US-Ob76*
                                                      US--Ob77. US-Ob79
                                                    COVLUED WITH VvlRE NET,
                                                      U'_,--Ob6l
                                                    CYLINDRICAL, US-Ob76
                                                    ROU.jl). US-Ob70
      Uj-ObbC* US-0591
    WIRE NET COVERED. US-0575
BALE bOx. US-US74
BALE EJECTOR* US-Or)72,
  US-0573
BALER HLAD» Ub-0b71»  US-Ob7'+
bULKY W,u>TEb. Ub-0b90
COt'Mu-iClAL .'.AbTLS*  US-0'ja7
     tSbr.L; FROM no
                                                CONTROL SYbTei-1,  US-U'o76.
430
-------
                                                                           Subject Index
      US-UbbO» US.-Ub90
    CONVEYOR. US-OS77
    UOOR, US-OubJf  US-Ob -,
    FOLIAGE, U^-Obuj
    HORIZONTAL PKESb,  US-Ob72
    MF.TAL-SCRAP,  us-ob72
    MOUNTED ON TRUI.K,  US-OS92
    MOVAHLL PLATL.N, US-U'j80
    NLi.SPAPr R» US-Ub79
    PHOTOCLLL CO.iTkuLr US-Obo'
      US-Ub8b
    PkESSURL ROLLERS,  US-Ob78
bLO;,ER
    INCINERATOR,  US-0222.
      Ub-u2b9
STKhLT
                     US-0,.i54»
    AUTOMATIC »  U'j-0172
    CLAM bHLLL  TfPLr  US-U175»
      US-0179>  U'J-Ulal
        F0i< Ubu - Ifii  SLUhRY METHOD*
          US- 01 91
    CLOSlliG f'LCH/.NlSMr US-0175
    GUlufK KAILS-  Uo-0671
    LOAuuKr  U5-Uo93
    OUE PILCT  IV.AML.  US-0172
              ;.  u5-0150r
    USIUG  TRACIOR  f-ORK»  US-0112
    WITH bCKtEur Ub-019b
CULKY vvASTEs
    UALLR» US-U'_>'<0
    CRUSHER. U.o-iJbb9
    RECEPTACLE-  US-OU21
    SEPARATING  MLCHAfJlSMS* US-07J6
    SHREUULR. US-Ool&
        COM.JlNub ivITII OALER»
EiUHIAL OF  P
    CON.PACTIOIJr  uS-0097
    INJtCTIOUr  US-OD07
    st.E ALSO  SANITARY LANDFILLS
UURUER
    Of'tKATION uLl'EfiOErjT ON REFUSL
      uLlbHTf  US-0<;17» U^-0^25
    POblTlOl,.  US-0^3
    ACCLLLRATOK  uLL.'ii.IJTf  U
    AUTOI'.ATIC ul jdi/.ROEr  U
    CO^.tjINEU WIT, i  FILTUAIIOiJ.
      US-U77S
                                                COMLiluEu SEPAKATIKG WITH
                                                  CHcMKAL TlLATMifNTr US-07tJO
                                                COMTKOL SYSTLi-U US-0006- US-U77J
                                                OEFLLCTuii ELLwENTr U5",-07o6
                                                DISTKIUJTINo URUM. US-0777
                                                DRAIN.  US-0771
                                                FEED  PIPE. US-077B
                                                GROOVED L.OWLr US-077H
                                                SCRAPKR' US-077b. US-077u
                                                SCRLLii. ur.-07rj5
                                                WITH  UKHIJG Dt.VICEr US-0781
                                            CHARGING  i-iFCHANISr-.S' US-Oi72» US-0513
                                                AIR STRc-AM. Ub-0270. US-U271r
                                                  US-0260. US-Oolb
                                                BOXr  uS-Ob20
                                                CEMTKlFUc-AL ATOMIZER > US-0810
                                                CONTKOL. US-0280
                                                COfJVLYOR
                                                HOPPER*  US-0718
                                                ROTARY t  US-02oO» US-062o»
                                                   US-070b
                                                SCREW  CONVEYOR PRESS, US-0593
                                                STOKER'  US-0^«3
                                                UNDLi
-------
Subject Index
    ASH. U'o-00^1.  U.,-OU2.}» US-OGr.'<4»
         US-00b
    DUST. US-OijC4. US-U017.
      US-U01c\.  Ub-00201 vJ'j-
        HOUSEHOLD.  Ub-OU>3
        IHDUSTKI AL» Ur_,-Uut5
    FlUtK.  UG-UUltO> US-Ou'46
    FLY ASH.  Ub-i-Oib
        HYDRAULIC S
          Ub-fH29
        LOC^»  Ub-0l29» US-0130
    MANURE.  US-Uul.j
        ANIMAL  L>. CLOSURE. US-OOlo
    PAPt-R
        L'UbT. UL-OOM
                    US-00<;3
                    Ur.-OBj5»
      Ui>-0lio&.  Ui-.-OuG9» U5-Uci71>
      US-0873
COLLLCTION  OF  .-Jbob
    COUVEYOff  Ub-0021» Ub-00-Uu37
        UlSTRIbUTOt<» US-UOt;?
    LJECTOU. U->-OOUl
    HYuKAULlC  bHOVLLf US-Uoob
    MAOi^LlIC-  DS-0017
    PhLlK'lATICr  U->-0004. US-0046
    SCRAPEk. Ub-U015f US-OU16
    SYSTt M
        HALE'.R >  U'j-0'j91
        CHUTE >  U'-.-Ohqi
        CONVCYUR.  Ub-059i
    TRANSFtK STATIOiii US-0013
    VACUO.lr US-Ou3X» U'j
      US-UUo3r  Ijj-Uu36»
      US-OOo8f  Ub-U039» US-U040f
      US-OOtl»  U'j-0012» US-0015
        HOU'ofHOLOf US-OUn3
COLLECT 10U  VEI'iCLCb
    CAi^Tr US-OJuj» US-04:jft» U5-Ou86
                A'-.5l.r«'l-LE.D»
                 HUlit'OSE
             LFAVL.br U
        TAIJOLW.
           US-04bo
        UbLU M  COIJJU^CTIOIJ
                      L" KiCEPTACLL't
        V.ITH  K^,',
    DUMP  I30L)Y»  Ub-LilTo
        UUAL POSiTlOM. U..-0130
         tiG.  US-Ou77
    FOU SLAG  POT.  Urj-06b2
    HOPPLR. IJS-Olj,?. US-Oo87
    LOAbLRr Ub-Oljrtf U'j-0139>
      US-Ol'tGr  US-0692. US-Ob93
        AUTuI'.ATIC.
        bOO, i.  U
        ti'jCKET. Ub-umu. US-OlHi.
           U'>-01b2
        CRA,,L.  us-oi'+o
                                                                tlib TYPL.  Uo-UJ47»
        LATCH.  Ub-0l48
        LATERAL LOADING. US-Ob92
        LIFTIMG ArtMS. Ub-068^.
           U'-.-0691
        RAKu.  US-Oli+0
    LOW PtR'jCUfiEL RtuUlKCMENTr
      US-06o9
    MAfJUkt.  LS-01o8. US-0139.
    SHOVtl. .  HS-Olbl
    TRACfOKr  US-U142. U
      US-0147.  US-014U
    TKAILLR.  us-0b77. u
      Ub-UP.oo
        AOJJbTAbLL". US-Obbl
        bTA^ILUFK. US-0679
        WITH ItKlNERATORf US-0289.
           US-03U1
COLLECTION VEHICLES - TRUCKS
  US-0037.  OS-Got?. Ub-06o9
    AUXILIARY BODY. US-06ti6
    BALLR.  U'i-0730
    BULKY  WASTES. US-0160
    COMPART,.',i:tJTALULD. US-0729
    COrWLKTI JLE.  US-Ub80
    CONVLYOKi Ub-0124. US-0672.
      Ub-0673.  UL,-Obyb» US-0707
        TUA.iOVCH'ot. DLADES. US-Ob9U
    DISCHARGER. Ub-0732
    DOOR.  Uo-0l2b
    DUVP bOuY,  US-0121. Ub-0137
        AUTui-'ATIC. US-011
-------
                                                                        Subject Index
    0,'J ROLLLrt  TKACK. US-0117
    PIVOTAi.. US-Ulia. U'_,-OoO(J
    POSlTI'jfu.D  TO AVOID
        CYLIUlj|U  U'o-0727
LOADLKi Ub-UlbO»  US-067Ur
  Ui,-0o'.)7
    AUTOMATIC.  US-07U2
    1'UCKCTr  uS-C13o» US-0137.
                         Ub-0/29
            TAILGAfL" IIOPPCK.  UG-0720
               E.  PuATtUr Ub-0723.
           U-.-0724
        HACisIfJG  PLATE' US-0&96
        PIVOTAL'  US-U728
        KAMf  US-070ci
        bYl-ICIipOhULU V.ITH MOVEMENT
           Ol-  PA.iTiTIONr US-0712
    PIVOTAL  TAILGnTL. US-u71b
    R£MOV/\DLi_ TAUn>. US-Oob8
    SNOW.  Ulj-0b73
    SPRlNo LOCK  fscCHAtllbM
        PKOVILES bTAL-ILITY.  US-0127
    STAblLl-iLN.  Uj-U131
    S1RCLT '-.'/.LEPIUG ATTACHMENT.
    OOUiLE  PiSIOfJf  UJ-Ot,99
    FOK OIL L.RU;-;S»  Uj-0m5
    FKO.'iT LOADJl!(Gr  U-L-U713
    GUI.JF nAiLb»  US-J671
    LlFTIfJo »«:,:, •  US-Oo7b
    TAILGATL
        POWLR  SOUKCL. US-067b
    TILTAbLL  ULU.  US-0292. UL-0710.
      Ub-U7^'j
    TILTING MECilAuISM. US-0120
    WITH  INCINLKATOK. US-028J'
      US-Q2JQ,  Ui>-0^92
COMMERCIAL  I-.ASTLS
    DALE.K,  US-Ob«7
    DISPOSED.  US-U632. U
    PACKER. US-0'j'jfj.  US-OGOb
      UL-0/01
    PIVOTAL. US-0719
    PLAirOKM BcD
        MOVAliLL. US-U158
    SWLLP  PAuEL. US-U676
    WITH Fv.CKEK. US-OG9br
      Uf_,-0o93.  US-07o2.
                US-0713.
      FOK COnVLKSION FliOM TRUCK
  TO DUflP  r.-U7Ccj»  US-0709
    COij:,LCrLD  TO  VEHiCLL
                     uG-0731
COMPACTION  MLCHAMSMS
    AIR Pi
-------
Subject Index
        CONVEYCIo  US-0707
        CYLINDRICAL  ROLLER*  US-0717
        GUItir  H^CKS*  US-071b
        HOPPER*  US-0704*  UG-0727
        MOVABLE  hLATEN.  US-U723*
          US-0724
        PACKER bi-AuE.  us-G7i<+
        PACKlNu  PLATE.  U->-Ob9u.
          U';,-Ooyi» US-07i.fi*  US-0^8b
        PIVOTAL. US-0728
        SYNCHRuNl?Eb ,vITil MOVEMENT
          OF PAUUVION.  US-0712
        TAILGATE HUPPLK*  US-072U
    '.vlTH
INSTITU1
KITCHLNr
IxAMr US-Ob J'J»
    NiULTIPLL'
SANITAKY LrtUu
SCKt-V- COfJVc-YOR
                    l!LATt»  US-0721
                           Ub~0b9o
                       US-06U4
                           us-0602
                   US-060-5
                   Ub-0602
                        US-0100
                    PkESS.  US-0593
    SQUCt^E DOX»  US-Ob94
    TKACTort OPt.KATc.Uf  US-OoOO
    SL'L ALSO  RL.OUCTION OF WASTES
COiMPOSTHiG
    AL»DlH\/LSt  U'j-0072
                    LUDGE » U
        >\'1MOII1A»  US-0062
        CMLf IC,*L>  Uj-OOBt)
        LIQUID'  US-U079
        SILICAr  US-U070
        Vt"«;iICLiLITLi  US-U06U
    AEKATIOtlr  US-OU47.  US>-0051i
      US-0070r  U'->-OU3l> US-0085*
      Ub-uUr,6.  U-.-U037
        CONTROL*  US-OUfa4
    AGITATIO'it  US-U062* bf,-u063>
      US-UOi(ur  U .-UU68
    AUALKOIilCr  U-.-UU73
                       CO:-,nilJAT10N»
        I'lCKOOiiu'-rasMr  US-0068
    AfJALYSIS'  U^-OUu(s
    HATCH*  US-UULiO
    CGU* US-OOi)6
    COMPACTION. OS-U073
    CO!JTiU)L.  Uo-00b9. US-Q079.
                      US-u07b»
    INDUSTRIAL WASTES.  US-OUofl
    INOCULATION.  US-U071
    MAtJUkL* US-UOd3
    PAPLK  I.jOUSTKY WASTES.  US-0076
    PREPAKATICN  Fo«»  US-0061
    PROCLSS. L'S-OObo.  US-G072.
      US-0073. US-OU74. US-0077.
      US-0078. US-0079* US-OOSO'
      US-OOU,?. US-0033. US-0006*
      US-OOJM
        U/UJO* US-uObl
        PAR/\!'.ETLUS.  US-OOb9
        VENTILATEU CELL. US-OOb5
        WIN^CCWII.'G.  US-OOol>
           U->-OOb2. US-UU6b.
           US-OU67. US-0069.
           U'j-0071
    ROTATINu URUf.',. US-OU51.
      US-OOJO. US-OU70. US-OOUO
        COMPARTMENTALIZED.  US-OObO
    SEPARATING.  US-OUb'M US-OOfab.
      US-0073
        bY  WEIGHT. US-0762
    SEWAGE. US-OOb3»  US-OU6b.
      US-uOo7
    SLUDbE. US-U04Q
    SPRtAulNG. US-0063. US-OObb
    SYSTLM. US-0(jb9.  US-0060
    TANK.  US-0053
    TIME.  Uo-00b8. US-0069
    TOXIC  WASTES. US-008b
    SEE ALSo D1GESTOR
CONTROL SYSriHS
    COMPOSTING
        TEMPERATURE*  US-0075
    INCIICRATOR.  US-0373
        AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT.
           US-0227
        BUR -LR.  US-0369. US-0370
        DOOK. US-03o9
    LIGHT  ACTIVATLD
        bALLH. US-OSSU, US-Ob85
    PRESSURE ACTlvATLD
        bALLR* US-ObBO
    SOUND  ACTIVATED
                                                         CHARGING RATE*  US~Ot>bl
                                                 WATER ACTIVATED
                                                     LllSrOGtR* US-Obi8
                                                 WATER FLOW ACTIVATED
                                                     UISI'OTfK. US-Ob31*  US-0633*
                                                                 (I'L'HATLUi  US-063H
              f  U'.-o, |.,7» u:,-ul)lj9»
              .  U--iU,o'»» U'.-iitliil
               U'j-OU/1.  U-.-Oubl
                                             CONVFYOP
                                                 ASH.
434
-------
                                                                             Subject Index
        ( Lf-'.OVAi ,  US-OU2o
    bALLi..  Ur>-L)'.)77
    UOTTi-LS.  U'.-U022
    COf.LilfJtL)  WITH TiUlHCH
      EUUII1, I. NT.  US-OloO
    COi-iPUbTIUG.  US-U049.  US-GOb2»
      U'j-00|j7»  Ub-0u60» uS-0064
    UISTUIbUTOK.  Ub-OG27
    INCIIiUiATOK.  Ub-02ob.  US-02b7»
        CllA!;GIilG MECHANISMS.
           US-GJ41
        COM,iINi_D WiTM CRUSHER.
           U'..-0«:9J
                         li4  UUCT»
    LOAOLH.  US-l,o?.'J
    MAUUi'T. i  U'j-0019
    PIP£LlNt>  Ub-00«.
    ROTARY  KlLiir U^>
    SChLf N»  US-079U
    SS.PAI ATliJG MLCH/
                           »  Ub-07b7f

                      Ub-o7oO
    SLAOf  US-OU^J
                    US-0871-  US-
                    K.S»  U-.-Qii28f
    ST;;LC T
         LIFTAiJLL" US-0077
    TI-'AliDVLUSE LLAUubr  U ..-0694
    TI'UCK >  US-o,-^b> lJS-Uc.90f
      Uij-Ut)7^» U'.-UU73» US-0707
         CHUTl. » U'^-Uo','U
CRUbiiLR
    OOTTLCt
                       US-0557-
    BULKY  ttAT.
    CAiif US-Ohtjd
    FLOUi LbCuNf LIGHTS'  US-05b4
    GYt;/O Ifj^i U'j-0bo7
    MOU!jT/,;>l_f  u,fi O'uxPAoE CAtJ-
    MOi/A''.LL  I. ALL- U!,-Obhi>
    OIL  . Mj'- i'  U )-0'ou2
    SAF Lit  vAL^/L- OS~0'jo7
CYCLOtil .  Uf.>-07:iy
    CATALYST. uS-07u7
    HIu'1 Vul.OC IT Y » uS-U770
                                                  Dli-INKIUGt  Ub-Oblili  US-Obl4
                                                      ACT1VL  AGfcfiT. Uj-0l)09
                                                  DHWATCKllJG  ,-iCCHANiS;-:S
                                                      AGITATOR. Ub-07bt>
                                                      UURNLrt  blllELD. US-023ii
                                                      CtMTHIFUGALr US-0818
                                                      COLUMtJ
                                                           bAFFLE_f Ub-0108
                                                           CctJIRIFUbAL  MOVEMENT.
                                                      DEWATERI.NG COiJDUIT.  Ui-0015
                                                      OKYEk COr.BINCU  WITH  CtNTKlFUGE.
                                                         U5-07ol
                                                                    if  Ub-0111
    E.VAPORAT10IJ. Ub-U821
    FLAbH  Di
      US-0109. US-0110»  Ub-0112r
      US-0113
    FOR  bAGASSE. US-051B
    FOR  COAL SLUf.RY'  US-OalO
    GAS  HKF.'->SURE TANK.  US-07b4
    HEAT TRANSFER CHAMdER. Ub-0107
    HEATtU TUfiL* US-0113
    INClhlLR<«TOKr OS-u2ib» US-0216
    PEAT p ILTLR- Ub-0fc20
    ROTAt. US-OU99
    CONVt.YOK. US-U030
    INC1I4ERMTION. Ub-OU9ft» US-0099
                           US-0099
                                                       SEPAKAT1UG.
                                                  DISPOSER
                                                       BAFt-LL. Ub-0b3b'  US-Oo3a
                                                       CHAi-.tiLH
                                                           Sn?AI!jIuG  GROOVES. US-Ot>i6»
                                                                                     435
-------
Subject Index
          US-Oo24
        hATEK  ->EAL»  US-Oo'fl
    COMMERCIAL  WASTES,  U^-G
                                                     UOMu-SilAPt-lO SCREEN* US-02fal
                                                     UHAFT  COU1ROL. US-0243
    CONTKOL  SYSTEM
        AUTOMATIC. US-06J9
        CLOSUf-V.  US-Oo2'j
        FLO,-,  S_NjITIVE» US-UGlB.
          US-Ou31' US-L)Lio3
                 '.VS CPLkATuU.
         INDuCTiU.i COIL
             STOPS OPERATION IF
               blLVERwARE PRESENT.
                 US-U643
         FOOT  GPLnATEL). U£>-OG29
         REVERSES IMPELLER ROTATION,
          US-OuH.2
    cover'
         CUP-SHAPt-Dr  U5-OoSb
    DRAIN Ti28
    ROTAKY  DRU.i. Ub-0ol7
    ROTARY  lMPt_LLLK» Ub-O62it
      US-Uo27
         CHARGIfJG MECHAIJl^fU US-Oo26
                S:-. TO
                rJ-j»  US-06'+6
KOTOf<»
    FL
SCREEN. US-Ool7
                              US-U645
         bPIkALf  JS-0621r U5-0622
    SUKEDUUjG i0x
        CABLES. US-0116
        CRANE.  us~oiifa
        DUAL POSITION,  US-0130
        LATCH.  US-0122
        LOCK.  US-U13U
        SUPPOkTINu  FRAME, US-0122
        VIP,-
          US-087(>.  Us-0f(7y, US-UB90
            PIVOTAL FRAHE, us-u6Ji
        TRAP  UCOK.  U'j-oiJ^
    HYDk/«uLIC,  US-0120, US-0121.
      us-ui.i->
    LOCK, Uj-0129
436
-------
                                                                          Subject Index
DUbT
 i'LAkb FOR  LO;iVL!<5IO!J FKOi",  Ti'-UCK
   TO OU'iP  IKOC.iv. Ub-ol.Lu
 MOVAL.LL FLoa.»  ub-oo/7
 bPRli.j LOCis  .-.tlUIANIb.l
     Pl->Jb77, US-Cbol
 UNLOADING  i-HuTt.. US-J171

 COLLECTION.  OS-000<+
     i LLCTi'vSTATIC PRt.CIPlTATOR.
       US-UUlo
     f.AO if.TIC,  US-001 7
     b.iht.PEK  ..MICH Ub~S FOAM.
                 U3-UO'tOr
                 U5-00'-t?r
         CO.JT'.OLU 0» uS-0033
    COUTKOLLED
    CYCLOULi  U'
      U'.:,-U770r
                cl lAKGf ' Ub-OOOJ,
                    US-0709»
                      U5-08b7
     -U7J.7»  US-0791
     rLCCTi-'USTAI 1C PKi-CIPITATuKf
       US-0/b-.»  US-07'.9
 StL. ALSO Sn,.-ET CLLA,,El«b
jSIOiJ COilTKuL
 ASH COLL(-CIO.51
 IUCI ;LUATO,-0244» U5-024'j.
     CAKKlEO  ON A TRUCK. US-0291
     LOOR»  Ub-0223
     EXHAUST  -oY'jTt'Mt U'j-0305
     HYUKOXYLATIVL CO,- OUL
                 US-02.)h
     !-iULTISfO.,Yr
    OXYut ,'4
                  AIi<» US-0319
     l;t.Ff-.;,CTo,;Y  PlL
     ..Al!-_:< tU ,T»Mt:»
LXCAVATIigQ ;-)LCHAIUSr-ib
    BUCKt_T» Ub-Ul/2» Ub-019'j
         CLA.1 bilLt.L  TYPE.  US-017&.
           Uo-0179.  Ub-Olbl.
           U3-Olyl
         CLO_,irib KuCHANISM,  U'3-0175
         WlTil bCRLLNt Ub-019o
    BULLuOZr.H. US-01d2.  Ub-0183
         ANGLLD L3LADL.  Ub-UlB7
         ULA^L bTAblUIZINO DtlVICEf
           U-,-01Ub
         COMJlfiEU bTHAlGHT AND ANGLE
           DIGGING.  Ub-0178
         FKA.-ir. us-oiyo
         LOAudR. Ub-0170
         KIPt'It.G TLETHr Ub-0177
    COMLilUEU UULLUO^ER ANu  SIIOV1-L.
      US-U173» US-Ol(iO»  U3-Olat
    COMlKOL bYSTLM
         BLAjE. Ub-0198
    DITCH  DlGGErt. US-0191
    LOAbLK
         COIJVEYGK. US-0200
         OVEKhCAUf Ub-0141
    SCRAPuR. Ub-C199»  US-020U
    SIlOVtL' US-01w5» Ub-0189
    TRACTOK CCWLkTLo  TO, Ub-017t,
      Ub-01/o» Ub-0lt;2r  US-U183
    TRriiCH-bl&GlNv,  JEEP.  US-G1B3
EXTKUDEK,  Ub-OOl?
FEE-'J SUf'PLE-^UT
    FROM OAi HULLbr Ub-0492
    FROM REFUSE
                                                      FROM  SLAUGM1EKHOUSE  WASTtlSr
    SILAoE
        FROM GKEEU CROPS.  Ub-0497
FERMENTATION
    SEE COMHObTItJGi DIGESTOR
FERTILIZLK
    COMPOST AS. US-Q047. US-0049,
      US-uOu'tr Ur,-OUb^),  US-OOb8.
      Ub-0077. Ub-0070
    FRO' i  CANTOR E'LAU POMACE.
      Ub-OHoo
    FROh  MANUIvE. US-U487
    FROM  MLTAL i-iliME w
                                                      FROM pf:fKOLLLI!1 PITCH.  US-0468
                                                      FROM PKKLJIJG HGUOR,  Ub-0<4?4
                                                      FROH SE.vAOL» US-Ob2U.  US-Ob21
                                                      FROM bE.
-------
Subject Index
    FROM SLURRIES.  US-04-t,9
    FROM WOOD.  US-U499.  US-Ob03»
      US-ObuT.
        CHEMICAL  PROCESS.  us-ObUb
        GRINDING.  Ub-ObOo
    HEAT EXCHA.JO-R.  US-UH75
    SPREADER.  US-Oo.il,  Uj-Ui>43»
      Ub-oa<+<*»  Uj-ua49.  us-uasi
        LIQUID* US-UOU9
    WOOL) CHIPS. US-ubl3
        SEPARATING.  US-OblO
FIbER
    bALLR. US-UL.78'  US-Ob8b
    DISPOSER.  Ub-0bl2
    FROM ,VOOD.  uS-Uob5
    PULPLR
        f!OTARY  IMPELLER. US-056i
        (\OTOR  rtlTH VANES.  Ub~0b7l)
    RECLAMATIOii,  Ub-C5l6
    SEPARATING  MECHANISM^* US-0735
        CLNTRIKUwAL,
        USING  .»ATEI-
          US-07i4U
                                                     SEPARTliJG MECHANISMS
                                                         MAGNL.T1C. Ub'-07b2
                                                                U604. US-Ort08
                                                                b. US-OQ07
                                                     SIZE. Ub-0272
    SLE ALSO  PAPi-R  INDUSTRY WASTLS
FILTHATIOU
    AGITATOR.  OS-0792
        CLOGGI.Mfa PhEVEiJTtD. US-0704
    COIIUIuED  WiTH bCRUUouKt US-079I*
    COMuIfJL'U  WITH SETTLING TANK.
      Ub-0793
    CONVEYOR  SCIUFN
        HEATED AIN. US-0/90
    FLUID1ZCO uEu.  US-07n3
    SCREEN. US-078h» US-U787
        ELECTRICALLY CHAkGCD.
          us-o/ya
        PORTABLE. US-078a
        UIJUER PRLSSURE. US-0789
FLUt_» U'j-0^16
    DUAL  SYbTt-1. US-0221
    Rt'-COJILiUSTvJrt. US-031'J
    WASTE Mil AT UTILIZATION. US-0219
FLUIOIZLD Ht.D REACTOR
    M TLRIiUiUJEK* Ub-OQ08
    AGITATOR. US-0^76
    DRAFT CONTROL. »  US-0272
    DUAL  CHAVbi_Rr Ub-03U4
    EXHAOST STACK.  US-O^Ut
    GAS DISTRIBUTOR PLATt.. US-0^7fa
    GKIiJL.Li<.  U^-Oob'J
    HIGH  f,OlSTu,--0.}bG
    NODULES.  US-Otbo
    RLCIKCUL.ATEU  10 COMilUSTION
      ChAt/,t3ER. US-03b2» Ub-OJb3
    SEPARAT1I.G, US-0352
    SINTLRl.JG, US-0477
    SPREADEK  STOKER >  US-Oj53
    UTILIZATION
        AGGxLGATL,  US-OU6o
        COAGULANT,  Ub-047fl
FOLIAGE
    BALER.  US-OSBtt
    COLLLCTION. Ub-004tt.  US-0396.
      US- 0 Ob a
        CART.  US-u39o. US-OHSB
        SwfLPER»  us-uaab
    INClNt.RATOI;<  uS-U25b. US-02b9
        ATTACHED  TO A LAWIviMOiVER.
          U'j-0260
        OPEN i'  Ub-U2o2
FOOD PROCESSING WASTES
    CITRUb  FRUITS
        RECL/»MATIOfJr  US-0489
        WASTE HEAT  RECOVERY.
          Ub-0490
    DISPOSED .  Ub-OftHb
    MARGARlut, US-OH96
    SEPARATliJG
        CONVEYOR »  Ub-0760. US-0761
FURrjACE
    ALUMINUM.  uS-Ob30
    METAL-SCRAP,  US-US29. US-0533,
      US-ub-io
        CHARGING.  US-Ob'+S
        PREliEATIt.'b. US-OSH3
        RECLAMATION.  US-libtl
    MULTIPLE f'.t-D. Ub-0uic»
                    DISCH-\RGL
    ROTATlllj.  U
        N'ETAL-SCRAI'f US-Ulv.3
    ROTATINo SALT BAIIt. U'_,-0'j29
    SEPAHATIIiG. Ub-Ub30
438
-------
                                                                              Subject Index
         PLASTIC. US-C5<*2
GAKUACE  CAi,
    co(jvt_Yo;; Aiiu RACK*  u
    HOLOLR. us-o<+59
         POKTAULt.' Ub-04ou
    LID»  US-03ci7» Ub-039^
         ACTC, Aa A U.USilCR. US-O'UIO
                   -CMANiS',. us-oo.,9
                  G  A  DISii.'FLCrAul .
           US-OJ9.).  US-04 J7
    GULL).  UG-0'*b4r  UG-U'iol
    WITH  AiJIMAL SHUCK DEVICE.
       U;,-U't01
    WITH  CrtUSH^tO US-Ob'jo» US-OL.u4
GASIFIl^K
    SLAG>  US-Ob'ji
GRATE. U'j-Ui.'STr OS-lj^58
    UA!-U,t.>l
         SOUi;U uLTELTOR.  ub-Go'jl
    COiJVt.YG,( K.K-CR.  US-i;b4a
    uUbT  COLLtLl^R. Ub-OoriU,
    HAN-,.;( P.-ULL
         f-LAlL TYF-'F. U5-Ooo7
         OCK..LIU uG-Uob9
    flCSPIT/iL I'.MbThl). Ub-U6u2
     PLASTIC » Ub-0o66
     PULPi_l<» US-U6t>4
     ROTAKY ui-Uil.  US-U649. US-06b3.
         wlTii COhVt-YOKi Ub-OGo6
     ROTOK, Uf,-OoS7
     SCRLi_l< TrPE
         PLRii'hfc-kAL  DISCHAKGE.
           Uj-UoSO
     SUCTlOiJ TYPc.. US-OofaO
     VIHRATLJG
         FLUiUIZLD PARTICLES.
           U'j-Cbbf)
     WATfi< SPRAY. uS-OObO
     WET.  US-OG'JL). US-Obo2
     WOOU  ,;A->TLS» US-Ot')61
         YIELUIIJG GROUIJD wooo  PULP.
           U-.-06bb
HAK.'CRMILL
     CRUSHbR
         AUTOMOUILL.  US-Obt>6
     GRIUULR' US-Obb9.  Ui.-U6fa7
     TOILLT COiJlJcClEiJ COMWINUTLR.
       Ub-U6oG
HAZARDOUS WASTES
     AGITATO, >. Uo-U20?
     cor;PojTino» 1.^-uoiib
     It-lClui_RA10R» uS-0201. US-020'4.
       US-U2.J5. US-0206. US-0207.
       US-U2Ja. US-0^,:'n TYPF.  US-0210
         oRAU . Ub-0203
         GRATLLLSS.  US-0212
         kOTAl-,Y URUM.  US-0211
     MtTAi_ R.u.RfL KE'JIUUE
         KbN.-JVAL. US-Ob28
     KADIOACIIVL l-.ASTES. US-0209.
       US-0?K5
     SEE  ALSo HOSPITAL  WASTES
HEAT Lxci.,\'j^n<» Ub-uous. us-o3ii.
       US-tjJj'J, US-UJ.?4. US-0377
     hl-'^uT ALL1C. US-036B
     COOLiUG OF P/.iiTICULAT£ MATTER.
       US-JM 7-j
     TUilULAK. US-H36U
HOPPLK
     COf-'PACTjKr Ub-01.52. Ub-0720
     CONi.LCTui' Tu Sf"P,\l-ATOi<» US-0133
     DlSCii/iRor, C.1UIL»  Ub-Uibb
     HYDKAULIC OPLKATIG;,! CGM.IIIJEU
       WlT/( CLLAiJluG  TLU1U f-J
                                                                                      439
-------
Subject Index
     INCIKLUATOK.  Ub-02b2
     LID.  US-(Uu3
     LOAU'R. US-Ou9U
     SAtiu. U'S-O.i'jt
     STREET U-EAhuR.  U'_,~0,»7b.
       U'.i-o«7t.» us-Uo79i  us-uaai.
       US-OB90
     TKUCr r Ur,-070l4f  US-071.br
HOSPITAL WASJLb
               iir  Ub-0203. Uj-02U4»
         RO'iAHY  G.-.IUAR. US-Ofab2
         .-.AT[_H ,.A-.Hr  US-Ou62
 HYUKOCAKnUNS
     PYKOLYSIS.  U'->-OOR9» US-U090
         ! UKIjACiI.  U'j-0091
 1NCINERA1 lOfJ
           uJILL»  US-U277
         Tt.MPCRAToRh. COi-JTi
     (5ULKY WASTLb'  U'j-032^
     CCKiiCOoG- uS-0<::u6
     COTTOii C.IN  l^.SU-'S. U:>-0267
         IIJSTALLCu  liJ CHli'lfJLY.
           Uj-0-tl
         INiTALLLo  IU KITCHEN
           CAl!I,.(_T.  US-0219
         IIJbULA IL -»  US-02 Jti
     (jiiLAitr Ub-OoOi
     HAZAKUOUS  .vA'oTtS
         LXPLOSlvr  ftMSTtS* Ub-020b
     HIGH MOISTJK..  COI4Tt.NT
HOSPITAL  V./ibT
  US-U204.  Uj
ir;uuSTi;iAL  w.v
  O'j-02:-l
    Oi'oMjK.
li/JTITUTIo IAL
  Uj-UtiOo.  U'..
  Uj-U I.T.- j.-'
    f L/M  ',--.. ..I •  U3-Uiri>
    Cl',_ ,r  ,,.,-Uc-,,?
                       US-u203»
                       bf L/S-0207
                          US-u211f
                    US-0317
                                                  METAL
                                                      CHEMICAL TA
                                                  MUNICIPAL i'  0^-1)
                                                    U'->-03oVr  U'j-UilOi Uii-0317*
    MLLI.  Ui
RADIOACTIVE
  US-u213
                                                                       US-Oi;09*
                                                         »  US-OHuO» US-Ob01»
                                                        D8u4 •  01.-OJ07
                                                        ON.JLCTLD TO TOILET.
                                                         U >- J8U9
                                                           AGITATOfir Ub-0811
                                                           t-.uOwLK» Ub-Uhll
                                                           DLououiziNG  CATALYST >
                                                           PYROLYTIC. US-OH12
                                                           SCKAl'LR. Ub-0012
                                                      KOTARY TELiJLR. US-0613
              . US-OBlo
          V,ATH< IvrlCOVEriYr
       Uo-0814
       .  US-Uii2. US-0799»
  US-URu'jr  UL,-Ool'o
    CLNIRIFUCAL ATOMUER.
       u..-oaio
    CHAi-toIIJG. US-0802
    URYIi.G  .-IbCHAniSKS
         SLOPING ClXEt-EfJ.
          US- U 34 3
WOOL:  rtAolLb. US-U26b. US-0268.
  Ub-J2o0f  UL,-0270
          Ub-0^41. Ub'-028o
AFTE KuU.. Ub-0214.  US-0233.
                                                                AUTOf-ATIC  INDICATION OF
                                                                  NuFu KOR. Ub-O-ibt
                                                                CONVEYOR.  US-U024.
                                                           bHAMNO AbbL -l-LYi  Ub-03l>b
                                                       AUXILIARY  FUhiiACL. Ub-03b7
440
-------
                                                                       Subject Index
iSAFFLL, US-U223,  US-U292,
  Ub-U310
    I'r-ftrup.d-U*  us-u-u3Vo
    HF:/>T CO;JIKUL»  us-03?o
    OIVI'ATiOl; uLPEUDuNT OH
      Kt.F'O Jt.  V.LIClUr Uo-0217r
               U'j-0233
    StlILLb»  OS-0232
    TJMt: COfJTRuL»  US-0369
CARDON AKCf  UL-0207
CA«[  U
    CAUSING  A  VOKTEXt US-0326
    CONTKOLr US-02861 US-0373
             L'FfCCTr US-U371
           •  U'j-0260
    PORTABLE'  U'j-0253
    UrJDERFutJf  U'o-02o7
    WIRL f'.i-StU  US-02b3
CHARblfJG, RoTwR»  U'o-0230
CHIMNEY. U_>-0250
CHUTE » us-uj-t9
CLINKER
COHtjKIEO  ivn.i  .vATcK riEATERf
  U'j-03-jY
cof»
                                                 COtJfJLCTLD TO bTOKAGE AREA.
                                                   U5-02ci9
                                                 CONSTRUCTED FROM COMMERCIAL
                                                   DKUMr  US-Oi'^7
                                                 CONTlNUOUSt Ub-0230
                                                 CONTROL  CIRCUIT* US-0227
                                                 CONVLYO,<» US-u2fabf US-0267*
  Ub-02-jlr  U
    COIJI1UUOUS.
                                                                      US-0341
                                                      WITHIN DUCT» US-0349
                                                 COOLINO,  SYSTLi«ir oS-02u2»
CIUJjHLt<» US-029U. US-0291
CYCLOID SEPAI'.ATOKf US-0268
CYCLONIC KEACfORf US-0817
DAMPLRr US~02^b»  US-Oof>4
    TtMPERATUKE COIJTHuLLEDf
      U^-02'j.O
DISTRIBUTION UEVICE» US-0340
UOORr US-0219r  U
  US-024Jr  UL,-0247r
    AUTjI-.ATIC.  Ub-0369. US-0372
    URAKT  CONTROL* US-0223
    ELECTRICAL  LATCH, US-0225
    Li-!l->SIOiJ COtJTKOL, US-0223
    PKEv/ENTS SMOKE LEAKAoE,
    TEMPERATURE RESISTANT&
      Uj-0371
DRAFT CoUTKuLi  US-021o,
  US-02^9.  US-0236, US-0237»
  US-0243,  US-02t>2r Ub-02b3»
  US-02o3.  US-02o5r US-02b6r
  US-U2oB»  US-0279* Ub-0296»
                                                      AUTOMATIC* US-0223,  Ub-0231
                                                      COMJUSTIOI4 AIR, US-027t
                                                      COMPRt'SbEU AIR, Ub-0313
                                                      bPlHAL» Ub-0^u7
                                                      TUYL,!F> Ub-U318
                                                 DRY  OISriLLATiOfJ. US-0236.
                                                   Ub-0239
                                                 DRYING*  US-0216'
                                                   Ub-0217,  Ub-02H5, Ub-0314
                                                      AuNULAU HLARTH. Ub-0312
                                                      ELECTRIC, us-02ib
                                                      FILtt-R* Ub-027o
                                                 DUAL  Cll.i.-1ULi<* US-0239, US-U284,
                                                   Ui>-U2JLj»  US-OJUb
                                                      LOW  URAKT, US-028o
                                                 DUCT,  U'>-C2bO
CO,'JiJLCTf,n  10
ELEC1RIC.
  US-02'45.
                                                                     US-0227*
                                                                               441
-------
Subject Index
         ELEJTNT AFiKANGENiuNT.
           US-IW+
     EMIbbloi; CulJlRuL. Ub-0204.
       U'j-U206» U0-U^21» US-U220*
       US-U229. Ub-U^31. US-02.33»
    IigCLlilE.Ur US-0^o4»  U
    MOVABLE* Ub-022br  Ub-0246»
                         us-02yo*
       Ub-0298. Ub-U3Ub* US-U30fa«
       US-03bt>. Ub-U35a. US-U359.
       Ub-0366
         AbH COLLECTOR* Ui>-0.5<>3
         uLO,;ER» US-ij222* Ub-03bl
         FLY AStl bCKt.LNr 05-U307
         SCKUEfii-K* US-031or  US-0362.
           Ub-0753
         SLPARATI^G MECHAuIShS.
                G CHAfltitRt Ub-03bb
         STACK COuNLCTaj» US-03bl
     EXHAU'oT SYbTLiJl» US-OoOb
         «(ftT[:R SPiUbroi\» US-0315
         I'.AbTE HLAT UTILISATION*
     FLY AbH
         COLLECTIONi U5-OU35.  US-U275.
           Ub-029S)r Ub-03;jlr  U
             VvA"!i_f'. SPHAYi  US-036U
         IN STCMH uLhEKATiNo  UNIT*
         KtClRCULATLD TO  COWtiUSTION
           CliAMuLR* US-03b2»
     FORCED DHAFTf Uj-02H^»  U
       Ub-02o8» U'j-Ut94f  iJS-u306»
       Ub-0320.
     GASEb
         COOL H-13
             AI'\» Ub-03tJ2
             WAILi-, bPKAY*  US-0382
         C.liA,,CI,Ju Me CIIAlU-.MSr
         UK if t'-vu' U-j-u20.i
         UUbT COulKOLt Ub-
            US-0343
               TO  RtFUbEI WEIGHT*
      U-.-U217*  US-022b
    SERIAL, Ub-0a43
        VERTICAL.  US-03HH
    TUYERE* Ub-0266
    VAULTtU' US-0321
    VIB.iATlhCf  Ub-0292»  US-03bO
    WIDt. SPACED OARSr  Ub-0342
GRATELEbb. US-OU96*  US-0212
HEAT EXCIItUJfaLH,  US-U311r
  US-03b9» U
  US-0377
    UI-i>:E1ALLIC»
HOOD. Ub-D246.  US-024U.
  US-0302t US-032B
HOPPER* U5-U2b2*  US-0373
HYDROXYLATIVC  COMBUSTION*
  U5-02J.lr Ub-0237
IGNITIO.J SYSTEM*  US-0297.
  US-02 Jii
INCLINEJ CYLIUDLK-TYPLi  US-0306
INCLIfMEJ MEAMH
    CENTRAL CONICAL
      CO.JF IGUuATION*  US-U283
LANCE FuR  DlSlRIUUTIMfa AIR.
  US-U3JC
LAROE CAI'ACITY.  US-0340
LID. US-0?.2d
    OOMc-SHAI'tD SCREEII.  US-0261
    PYRAMID-SHAPED*  us-o263
    REMOVABLE.  Ub-0263
LIGHTWEIGHT*  Ub-0249
LOW HEAT PRODUCTION. US-0230
MANlKOLO* US-(j3bb
MULUCtUNiEKf  Ub-0206. Ub-0235*
  US-u24U.  Ub-02U2.  US-02LoO.
  US-02-J3.  US-0311*  US-0322*
    DIVIDED  f Y  GRATES. US-0314
    MOCULE Af.bEMULY*  Ub-0324
    VERTICAL* US-0321
MULTIf-LL HEAKTH
    RAKt . Ub-U3l4
    RELEASE  NLCHANISM. ub-0313
    'rtE'Vit U !';Ui_TI-PLK(-uRA FED
      U aTcj»  u'
MULT1IHI il'tSL •
MUL1 IbT >>.( »  Ub-0216*  UG-U217.
  US-03>iu
442
-------
                                                                                     Subject Indev
MULTlSTol'Y.  US-U222.  U<:,-022';f
  US-0^4')
     IN'jlJLA IL,;F  U'j-UP'lS
OIL
OPLlj.  Uj-U<:^(  US-U27b
PI r TYF'L* uS-Oj,!7
I'GiU.J'.Li;. US-0.-37.
   US-U2/-2.  US-U,?9'jf  US-U324.
     COLLAP->I  -Lc.1  US
KFCElVIf.C  Ui  ,;•[):.(•{
     TKUO  uLLlVLRYf  00-0323
RLSl^Uil
     CO'-,  !/!U. l-.LLY  VAL.uAtjLE.r-
        U'.,-Oor.ii
KE.S1UUL  5Tu:<,\Gt.  AREA.  US-0301
RLToi-'T  TYf'L.  US-03dO
SAiJU TH'tP.  Uj-UL'70
SHAf'T  TYI-f.'  '..S-'J20U» US-OJO^
5 i ! ! < t_ 1 ' :J - ' '  -J j - 0 J 1
SLAw ' U .-ii^ ...
SPCC! AL  IHJ, (•-.'_,:.
     LA,-.',. (J..L  >  Ul>-fj^..O
     OUT.OOu.  US-C37,-!
     l,Lti;;"A I 1 ..J^L AKL'.Sr  US-O^H-6
     SHll-'ji  U ;-u?01
STAC.'.'  u'-'-oc1 '<+'  uu-o^aar
   U_,-i)^lo
SIACf -TYI'L. '  05-0309
iTLl'i LU  PLATLSi  US-U^02
     br'tlL A!  -K» Ufj-U JbJ'
TEf-PLRATUi-^  LOhTi:OLr  Uj-C02
  U j-ilu'io'  U'>-i.i,:'t 1 »  u%-i;^»o«
  U^-o-Xor-  U'-.-o^4-i»  u'.-uool
     bc>c:  or  L..AL  AS  FUL.L.
       U', -(..;., »
     ,-.AT, i-  .ji' f Y,  li:,-..3j>,
TOKOHiAL Cti/v,.1  -I-,.  U'j-o.'oj
i  'II'
                (- ...... I ~» ' -) '  U -> - U .-'l -I 2
                A..J I IOK i/o. iTALf
                                                      UllDERuf
                                                             U.j-0^'jl
                                                           KAI.UIiGf US-U2D1
                                                      USING AIi!('LAt,t.  LXHAUbTr
                                                      VLR1 ICAi.  TU»Lr  U',-
                                                      WALL*  US-i'.'i'^
                                                           AIR  ( OULtUf  ' i"-.-
                                                           tuliO  LTf •  LI  -i'nH /
                                                           Cui^rJJt','" Tt i  »  .JS-U''V';? ,
                                                             U-J-G;-: AI
                                                           UHAr T C 0,>T" . L •  US-0
                                                                AIM  CoOi-i.IU  'i'.;-u3t..l
                                                                FfU.itl ATS Mil, U'.,--037b
                                                           FlML'.RICKr  U-,-02"/)
                                                           r'tRl OlvA ft. Lir  US-0/(..7»
                                                             U'-.-fJt Vj7f  U ,- 03!'. 3
                                                           HLPU CTJI •  i. ,~UMl
                                                           Ki.r--;An (..I * r  '.'•-- j?,-,s
                                                      -s'ASTu H.A I  l;T il.l/AllOf.f  US-nlo'
                                                        US-u2'j'*t  U',-(i;-71.  1'S-J319»
                                                        US-037'tt  U'..-<)< il
                                                           Ul.-.-KKir w  i i",)/t !) LOuSf
                                                             Uj-o;v/J
                                                           ULI;-'.L inu'/aioi!  UNIT.
                                                             U j-U^.il
                                                           tLEv-HIC (0,.th  Ot ..EliATIONf
                                                             U..-0 j /7
                                                           FUl u C'.'^-.t.RVATlOtlf US-O'Mlb
                                                           bAr,  IL'K^Jut:.  bS-Ujbo
                                                                               U-:,-t,v70'
     ! UL1 It,'/ POMt.HTi  l/j-U3'.50
     Ui;Y'l .u.  U j-,) u, s
WI"0 .!')  , f  LiS-D i .-<
i, ici- M!  " i  f  fj- <.''' 7
v.'Ih'L f  f..,H  r, Lffl.MLi r  U->-02L.'»f
  (I-,-,, >__.,
SLF  />LS.) FUJI ,I/H  :U :,'  Kl ACTOR!
  PYKjL YSIS,  l:OT.\l;Y  K4l U
Sl !' I At.  ., .' \1 L '.
COLL i i.  r r  .
     I  ,   > .,K<  .  ,'   uu,)'+
C 0'  I ^ , [    . >  i ',-,,,. ,
vy>L\,/, , I. i .. ,  '  I I ' '  I!.  . u J  .'./..!<
     i,, ', ; . . . 1 .  I ' , ' T .J  I M < T I I J , !  < f
-------
Subject Index
    LEATHtlK*  U.^-J41J4
    PAPt-R  IIIOU'jTUY V.ASTE'-.
         COMPOSTING* US-Uo<;^
         RECLAMATION* US-u'Jly
    PYRGLYSIS*  US-0092
    SEPARATING  MLCHAN1SMS* US-0734
         r>Y  ftEI-jHTi OS-07-tl
         CENTRItUuAL. US-0777
    SMALL
         UTILIZATION
           CONCRETE* Ub-OiOi
           LAI.O  ULCLAMMI-oUi US-0103
    SLAUGHTL'PHOUSE WASVEo
         COiJvERlLu TO FERTILIZER.
           U'.>-OV;).i
         CONVERTED 10 TALLOw.
           U'j-Otyl
    STLLU  PICKUI..G LIQUOii
         CONVEKTL^ 10 FLT
           U1.-0474
    TFXTILE '-''ILL' US-OOUO
INSTITUTIONAL .*«jTfc-'j
    IliCIUL'RATOur Ub-OaOUf US-Oc06»
         Uf\ATLLi_S'->» US-0212
         KOTAfiY L)-;Uf-'.r US-0211
    LIOUIO TP.E.AT, E!92
LIFTING  /,(',. 'ij'f  US-067S* US-06a3*
  US-U6-J1
MAIJUKL*  U'->-Uljb» Ub-0139.
  US-Ul;iO»  US- 0 Ih 7
OVFRHEAJ TYPf , US-Oltl
PACKING  ULAUL* Ub-069o
PLATFOR.i l-LU
          LL. * US-0158
         :t.O  I't VEHICLE-*
RAKE. U
SCOOP, US-014J* US-0167
SHOVt-L.  US-0170
SINGLE KM-1.  US-U147
SNOW, US-0866
SPECIAL  PURPOSE. US-0692
    tXC/vVATIUb* US-OlHl
    OIL  [ji?UMS» US-OlUb
SWEEP PAUEX.  US-U676
TRACTuR,  LJb-0141. US-omu*
  US-0147.  US-01H8
TRUCK. Ub-Oof/^. uS-Ot.70*
  US-0671,  US-Ot>71, US-Ob78.
  US-06'n.  US-Oo9b. US-0702
    DOU.JLL  PlSTOfl. US-0Qs)9
    FKOuT LOADING* US-0713
    NON-CliANlJLLLING TYPE.
      U^-0701
    PlV-jTAL*  US-0719
    POWi.KS  TAILGATE* US-Ob7o
    WlTri PACKt-R* US-Uu9b*
      US-07U3* U',-0704
         GUIoE KAILb* US- ;671
444
-------
                                                                           Subject Index
MANURE
    COMBINED  MILL.  MIXER.  AND
      SPREADER.  US-Ob'Iti
    CONVERTED TO FEt5U
    LOADER. US-0019,  US-U115.
      US-U136. Uo-0140. US-0167>
        FGKK  TYPE.  US-0139
           uS-03-57
    SCRAI'tR.  US-GOlb.  US-0016
    SEPARATING
        CONVEYOR  SCREEN.  Ub-0790
    SPRLAUER. US-Oo2Bi  U
              . Ub-0h37»
        DOU.iLE ROLLtRr  U
                  FACING SURFACED
        HLAIL  fYi-'Er  US-0336
    STOkAbt.» Uj-J&bO
f-,ETAL-SCKAP
    ALKALI METAL  CONDUCTORS.  US-0538
    ALUMlNUi-1. US-Ot;30
               TIOU. US-U533
           E EJECTOK,  US-0572
    CHAKCIIJG I'.'JX
        COMPACTION.  US-Ob20
    CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION TAtJK
      COI./JLCTtu TO  INCINLRATOR.
        US-0317
    COMKRESSIOlNif Ub-0531
    CONVERTED  10 FERTILISER.  US-052C
    CRUSHER. US-u5oo.  US-0569
        AUTOMOUILE.  US-US69
    FURNACE
        DUAL CiiA'
               f UG-0529
                 ' US-Ob27
                 HOUSING.
        SL'PARATI,,Gr US-Uj
    LEAD l.ATTLULS. US-l)j3b.  US-0537
        FUHfjACc. US-05^0
    PACKLH. US-Oo02
    RAUI-' 101,5. Uo-0',36
    KLCL/'MATIO.ii U
        FUKf-jACi_.
            CHAK
            PRLh^AUhG. US-ub43
         IMPACTIOtJ.  U
         PARTICLES.  US-053
         KIVLKGEO.  US-0540
           Ub-O&bl.  Ub-05b2
                             US-05bO.
        FERKOUS.  us-0522
    ROASTINo.  US-0&22
    SEPAKATillG
        ALU.1INUM  FROM FERROUS
           MtlTAL.  US-0521
        bY  WEIGHT »  US-Ob21>  US-0&07
                  US-OD4U
                    WIRE. US-Ob42
        MAGULTK. US-0607. US-07ua,
           US-07t8.  US-0750
    SHREUOEK.  US-U557
    HAZAKUOOS  WASTES. US-0202
MUNICIPAL  WASTES
    INCINERATION. US-02a2. US-0203.
      US-0200. US-0293.  US-0294.
      US-02y9. US-0307.  US-OJ09.
      US-0310, US-0317.  US-0318
    RECLAMATION.  US-04H5
OCEAN DISPOSAL
    DY bAKGL.. US-0014.  US-0094.
      US-OO-Jb
    COMTAINcR.  US-0094.  US-0102
    METAL SCRAP
        UTILISATION
            [iKEAKwATCRf  US-Ob34
PACKAGINo WASTES.  U'-.-049o
PAPLR
    HALl.K, US-Ob7y
    OE-lNKln&. 01,-ObOO
                 SUIvf ACE ACTIVE
                                                                                 445
-------
Subject Index
           AorNTr  US-0514
    SHREOUER.  US-OulO
    UTILI/ATIO.J
        Ab MULUi.  US-0467
PAPER  HJLUbTRY v.ASIcS
    COMPOSTING*  US-U070. US-0082
    FELbLK.  US-OolO» US-0011
    POLLUTION.  US-UU46
    PULPtK
        KOTARY IMPELLER* US-0563
        ROTOR  ..ITU VANLS. US-Ob7u
    RECLAMATION.  US-051b. US-Obl9»
       US-tm^S
    SEPARATING
       Ub-U73br  Ukj-U740
        CLUTMt-U^ALf US-0772»
           U1.-0779
        FILTH AUONr  Ub-0 784
             CO,,,UtJLLl VtlTM StTTLInG
               TAUK»  US-0793
             SCKEuMr  US-07R9
        UbliiO  rtAKER  INJECTION?
                                        MO  MECHANISM. Ub-0391r
                                    Ub--0393
                                       UAKPKOOr.  U'o-0397
                                  HLA1  btALLD.  Ub-OHl7
                                  HOSPITAL riASTLS. US-U391
                                  PLASTIC,  us-osoo.
                                    Ub-0392.  US-0395.
                                    US--0394.  U^-0429.
                                    US--0449
                                  SLLr  OPcUIUO.  US-0392
                                  SYSTLf-',.  US-U394
                              BAG HOLDER »  Ub-0u0fa» US-0"*09r
                                US-O'+l?. US-0420. US-0'*29.
    SPENT
         ChLMlCALS RLCOVEuYf US-01472
PETKOLEU.-l  It.-DU-jTKY WASTED
    KLCL/'MATIOur  Ui-0627
PIPLLI!!L'->
    COiJVLYOR,  US-002B
    Pl.LU'-'ATlCr  U'j-0031
    VACUOMr  US-Ou3a
CLAbTIC
    KLCLAMATIOui  U'->-0473» US-OUBl
    SAU1T«RY LANuFILLf US-0104
                                US-04'K5,  U
                                   ADJUSTAJLu.
                                   UAG  REMOVABLE THROUGH
                                     COIJTAIIJtR  UOTTOi'l.
                                       US-atl6.  US-0421
                                   COLLAPSItiLE'  US-0433
                                   FIREPROOF.  US-0434
                                   LID.  US-041U
                                   MLA,JS FOR OPENING BAG
                                     MOUTH*  us-cmb. us-0457
                                   MOU.iTABLE On  A WALL.
                                     US-0410.  US-0434
                                   RINu SUPPORT  DEVICE.
                                     US-0439.  US-0442
                                   bPRIUfa CLOSING UEVICL.
                 .'i ft IRE r U
               US-Oo09
PYROLYSISr  US-U092* US-02UO
     CATALYST»  US-OOb9> US-0090
     FURNACE •  U'j-OOyl
                   US-0089»
    PROCESS.  Ub-bObOi  US-0090r
       US-0092.  Ub-U106
    RLCYCLIIiGt  U'j-0106
    SLUuOE  AND  SLURKltlSf US-0106
    WA'jTC HEAT  UTILIZATIufJr
r  US-0213
 Ub-02u9
RADIOACTIVE A'AiTuS
     INCItiLHATOi<
         ALAiHi  U
         Dt\A[ T CO
         PIU:CIPIT
kECL.r>TACLt.b
    WIRc CAGE i US-0408
CAN HOLuL'R. Ub-0403.  US-0407.
  US-0412. US-04^1, US-0447.
  US- 04 59
    AUTOMATIC. US-045C.
    PoRT^LLt. US-0450
CART. US-U365. US-05Ud
    EASiLY ASSEMfJLED. US-0455
    FOR CANS. US-0446
    FOR LEAVES*  US-04b8
    TrtO-CART  STRUCTURE. US-0453
    WIT.1 REMOVABLE  RECEPTACLE.
      US-04bO. US-04b2
    WITit REMOVABLE  SNOW SKI.
      US-04o4
COLLAPSIbLE'  US-0422
COMBiNEU (RECEPTACLE AND STEP
  STOOL. US-042d
COwPAi
-------
                                                                             Subject Index
    GA,,,!Abu CA i
         CONVFYOK A,IU KACis*  US-0<4o2
         LIU.  U-.-0'3,>7r US-0>/J»
               TO TERTILI^LR*
             ACTS AS CRUS.iEKi
               JS-04UO
         PLOAL UPi_R/arDf  uC-04U3»
           US-0'»07» US-0411.
         TrfU-PAt-U-.9o
    RACK  FOH TKA-jH L,ARK£LS»
    KLTKACTALLr. r
    SPECIAL PU
         A'jilhS. U'o-U4lbi
         SANlTAxY tJ
         Ubrl  If; Aii AUTO,''iO^ILL»
               TRAUSMSSM;)  HUN;P»
                 us-uMiy
         USE ON A DCKTIST'S  TRAY*
         USE IN S/JDA FO
           Ub-041-t
         UStl IN SPACE CRAt-T,  US-0433
         USE Otl SOi3MhRINL"J»  U
    TRUCK-C/.PK1LJ COfJTAIiiER*
    UNIT  ST.-0ljbl» US-Obb2
    KRO.-l  SLAGf US-ObbO
LEAiJ  uAlTLKHb. US-Ub35
    KUR.^ACt..  US-Ob37
LEATHt_K»  US-CH94
WANGANE^L* US-OS47
KAIJUKi.. US-UM67
MLTAL  DUST. Ub-0477» US-0540
    COUVLRTrll' TO AGGREGATE.
       U'.-.-Ob"32
METAL  MINE rtASTi-. US-Ob2o
METAL-SCRAP
    CHAuC.ING.  US-0520
    CONVLRTLD TO A URt^A
    KU«.JACE»  US-05H1.  US-Ob"+3
    IKPACT10I,, US-Ob3V
MUNICIPAL  wA'jTE
    bLPAKATINu. US-Otiib
OAT HULLS.  US-0492
OIL SHALL.  US-0170
PACKAoI.JG  v-ASFtS. US-OU90
PAPLK
    CONVERTED TO KULCM*  US-0467
    DE-iUKIlMG. US-0509.  US-OblU
         AHUIT1VE5* US-Obl2
PAPER  lu'JUSTKY ..ASTLS.
  US-Obit..  US-Ob^b
               .  US-OS15
PETRULEU-I PITclt. US-U460
PICKLITJj  LI^Uuil. US-0
-------
Subject Index
     SLAUuHTl
         CO.iVtiULi; TO FERTILIZER*
           U'_,-Ut9.D
         CuiJVCRIEu TO TALLO',*,
           U<>0'f9l
         FEEU SuPPLE -XNTi  US-U49b
     SLULtGL ;IJ[) SLUKuIEb
         ACTIVATED CHARCOAL.  US-Ool9
         COUVLfTL.J TO FilKlILIZERr
           Ui.,-040 )
     SPENT LIQUOR
         CHL'lIC.tLS RECOvT.KYi
           US-CT/^f US-UH/9
     TALL OlLf US-0471
     wuOD v.A'jTLb
         cciwnaEO TO BOA^D.  us-050?
         CONv'CliTLJ TO nuILDIUG
           BLOCKS' f US-OjljO
         COlJVCKTLO TO CHAKCOAL»
         COIWLKiLU TO FERTILIZER
             ADUITIVESr  US-Ob05
                         U'_.-Ob06
             GRINMNO.  US-0500
         COIK'LKItu TO PULkf  Ub-Ol->CHl
         COIJVLKTt-J TO SOIL
             US-O'jOl. US-O'j.02
                     US-0;;03
 KL'CoVLKY
         RECLAMATION AND
         ,!
     bRIwUL'TTLf US-007J
     CLIUKL!<. U3-u02o
     CO-IPO'jl'irJG. US-007J
     PULPL'K
         UOTAKY IV,PtLLEK»  US-05&3
             r? ..ITH VAfjES.  Ui-0570
           Ub-Oj'juf US-Otj47
     SONIC Ei;L.RoY> Ub-Obbb
     SCd ALSO l';vLiiRS COMPuCTION
       ^uCliM'jIS, ib! CHUSHLi',!
       uijijo([:i<; ORitiDLK!  AND
 KOAu CO;.S
     ASM UTlLU.aiOut US-0<47o
 ROTARY isILIJ, U-.-U211,
   U'.-O^'jH
     ALllr US~03Ju
    CHAKoINu  f.'LChrtNl'jMS' US-0332
    COf-U'u.'jr.iiT COCSTKUCTIOlO
    CONVLYO,<»
    COOLtK>  l)
    DKYlNb*  US-U3j2»
      US-07S)')
    INCLUJEiJ.  US-U3Ub
    LIGUlu  COLLECTOR. US-033i
    MOUnTLO ON A v/EtlICLE» U3-0333
              lER'  Uo-0330. Ub-0331i
    NONCo.',P,USTH,Li_S»
    PORTAULi. •  US-03^
             UI>-U7y9r US-OdOb
            rURE CONTKOL
            r  US-033H
    WALL
        fa.^ATL LIKE» US-0337
        LOUVLR. Ub-0330
        PERIOKATfU' US-0337
        KLFKACTORY> uS-0330
RUBBER
    FROM  TALL OILr U5-0171
    HL'CL/u-lAi ION
        ADDITIVES* US-0482
        HtATI',0'  US-OUbbi U5-OH82
SALVAGE
    SEE RECLAMATION AND RECYCLING
SANITARY  LANDFILL EQUIPMENT
    ATTACHABLE TO A JEEP' US-010B
    BUCKtT»  US-U195
        CLAM SHELL TYPEr US-0191
        WITH SCRLEN» US-0196
    tJULLDOZLR
        bLAOE* US-Ol7Br US-016b»
           U.-.-0187
        FKAwL» US-0190
        KIPiJING TLETH» US-0177
    BULLU02ch-LOAi;ERr Ub'-U17t>
    COMbllJEU HULLUOZLR AND SHOVEL r
      US-UloU» US-OlHU
    COMPAtTufM US-U100
    COVErt MATERIAL
        PLASTIC-  us-oiot
    DITCH DiOOFt<» US-0191
    GKOUIJO LLVELfKr U5-Ul92»
      US-Ol ni» U!,.-Ol9t» Ub-0196
                    Uo-019/
                                                          CON1KOL  SYSTEM FOKf US-0198
                                                      LOADtK'  US-U2UO
448
-------
                                                                                  Subject Index
    SCKAPuf!*  Ub-iil9-03uIr US-uio3» U'j-Uo64f US-0733
     MULTi _>TAGt •  US-U794
     VthTUKI.  Ub-',7bj
Sl'f'AuATii.ij :>.rCii/v..Io,.iJf  U-,~0008*
  Uj-013Ji US-u7~7
     AIK PKESGUiM. .  US-07a'j
     bAFFLLi UO-u^^
     UY ALIGHT.  U >-Uu07
         AIR STi.i AM» Ub-0 7L)t)
         CLhli'II- •,-'AL C.OVE-'.LUTf
           U'.,-07j-t
         MLTf,L-jCi,APr  US-U'j21
         I AbuLE  ,',,.t:t Li Ub-07o2
         J,',L*  US-07ou>
  U.,-U7(.9» LJj-lj771* uS-l
  Uj-U7("l» U'.)-U782
    CO..;MliL.U  WITH OOacAL

    CO,-, If. .L-  '.<1TH DKYIflG*
       US-U i.;l
    CO:.,:,irjuD  wITH
       U.,-U (7 •
    COi.T, Ot. bYbTLM. OS-
    UISTPI^uni^ UUU-i.  uS-0777
    FLL;J PIP,..*  us-0778
    GROOVEJ ^0,,L. Ub-0774
    SL.'/.rr.K,  Ub-C77b' US-077o
    SCkLf >*• ob-v)7bb
CHEMICAL*  US-07u3
COALESCII.'G ELE.'-iLllT. US-0796
CO,''''bl;jL [) U'iTh
    COUViYGU.  OL.-07JO*  U-_.-07ol
         f lol.OUj  i Cui UL.-j7tj(J
         I'-.AIJUAL •  U J--OU93
             '.-.'lih DLFLECT^R* U'o-07lj7
            r U_.-U7t/J.  Uij-0770
    DUST .  U.-U/^J* UC->-07't5»
       US-b7',r, .  ,,)J-U7S9r  0'J,-07G<4«
       U.»-u7,,7»  U.,-L'7(/<.  tr,-0770
    LL i"C r.ir4»  Ub"-0i»2b*
  US-ob'»'*» Ub-0b<4a
MUNICIPAL IfvAbTL"* Ub-0<*8b
OIL*  US-079o
OIL-V.AX Lt-'ULSlOfJ. US-076rf
PAPTiCULATf  li.FJJl IFICATION
  DLVICi_» UG-U749
PII'LLIU,.* Ub-UU9rt
SCATTER TYPt_
     PfJEUilATlCr  US-07bl
SCF
-------
Subject Index
    IvCOD  CHIPS' US-UblO
    WOOD  AAl.Tf.Sr US-074,3
   )\oL
    ACTIVATED SLUDbL. US-0790
    COMPOSTING. bS-UOb3»  US-006o.
      US-UOu7
    COUVLRllTD TO ANIMAL l-EED.
      US-08^1
    CONV! PTLD TO CEMENT.  US-0623
    COUVLRTSJ) rO FERTILISER.
      US-d
             AGITATOr<. Ub-0311
             LLUv,'cK» US-Ooll
             DEouLRUING CATALYSTt
               U'j-Oi.03
             PYi-Ob04i
           U',-OoO/> OS-UJoB
        KCTM;Y f . EuCRr u-.
        SKI, ''IIjJO' os-Odulu
        USII;G AIKPLAtC
        METAL SCRAP r US-0616
    COMI3IUED hITH BALER.  US-U61b
    COMBlf.Cu WITH HAMMERMJLL.
         USItiu .,ATfR LAYFjKr  US-Ocil6
         V,ASTcI huAT UTILISATION.
           U',-0,iOl> US-OOUb
                    RCCOVclRY.
     TRICKLlriG
         E'AHKr US-Ob02
     WET  OXIDATION US-OlUl
SHALL
     AS SOIL COuuITICNLU.  US-U47U
SHIP TKA;iSPOi  U',-0 ) 1
     nl.LUf  rt,\l.T,,S»  U',~0ol .
    CONULCTi-U TO K-ICK.LKATOR.
      US-U2JU.  US.-Oo^b. US-0326
    FETOtR.  DS-UG07
    FILLK,  US-Ool^
    HAMI-'.i R.  UC.-Oolo
    KLTAL-ScRAPr OS-0522.  Ub-0607
    PAPtk.  OS-OU'U. US-OfilO
    PIVOTAL FRAXL. US-ObOa
    PLASTIC.  US-OoOy
    ROLLLK
         TEETH.  US-Obl4
    ROTARY  CUTTERS. 05-08:13
    ROTOR.  US-U609. US-061b
    SILAGt.  US-OU97
    WOOU WAsTESf US-0504
SINTERING
    DUST.  US-0<477
    FLY  ASH.  US-U477
SLAb
    COLLLCTIOtg. US-OuOb.  US-0320
    FOfWAllOU RETnRUED. US-U3UB
    GASII-IEK. U5-ubb3
    GRANULATING' Ub-0554
    RECLAMATION
         IRON. US-ObbO. US-05bl.
           US-Obb2
         MANGANESE. Us-05'*7
         KLTAL.  US-Ob4fi, U:>a'j49
    REMOVAL.  US~Ou23. US-U5b4
    SEPARATING, US-OS'S6
    TRANSPORTATION » u'5-uba2
SLAUGHTti''>(-• US-Ut,ib,  US-OOlO
         A^ I i AT Oi"<» U'J-U 7-j'j
         CLNTRIFUuK. US-0773.
           U ,-' 774
         GAS I'fLbSURt.. US- 175'*
450
-------
                                                                                 Subject Index
              US-UUU2
         AiJNULAi< i(FAi.r US-uf1?!.
           U'j-Oti? 5
    TKOM hJAILK'JA., TiA'LLr  US-Ocibb
    t'LUv-, »  U'J-U.-I>.-F US-Ocio7
    UCLLLR. US-.J..7U
    HOTAHY l,':h'.-LLl'K» US-U872
    TRUCK. I.T- Jt,7i
LOIL
              AL  «CID PROICSS*
    FROM
    SHALL A'.,.  U'
 F'ACL  CKAHT
    WASTrl COLLLC1IOU SYSTEM,
       LICUOl:
    CHLl-IICALS  KLCOVLKY
5Pf(LAbf-lR»
                        METHOU»
                  uS-0472
                  US-U472
                  - t  US-Oci-tbr
                            US-OU30
    aO/,L  7 Yfi.r U .-UoL,l
    CLUTi'lFljGAL  i'-.!JtLLLK,  U
    COuVLIOl'r d'.,-nf,,: 8» U->-OcO
                                                           US-OB'CtiAi-LL  TO DUMP TRUCK »
                                                                U-j-(Joo3
                                                              ULO.,tR,  U'j-0ufi7
                                                              uko^:-', us,-n077, us-Oof-.o
                                                                         OlJ INDICATOR,
                            U'j-()d30»
                  US-0384
URU'->h,  Ub-Oood
UUC(\LT, Ub-Ub74
CONVLYORr US-0877» US-0880,
  U3-068S, US-0887
DUST  COIiTuOL
     f-OAilr US-0{!09
f-LOATltJo L>UL>lJl-UbION»
  U-J-08U3
FOR  LLAVLS, uS-UOb6
HGP.'LR
     DUMl-'lUO,  US-Ob7b,
       US-uf!7(>,  US-0879*
       US- u {<<}!•  US-Ob'JO
I.'lPt.LLt «' It'z-f'U'ltj
PlVjTAL AK'^J,  Ub-b877r
r'lV >TAL F t\Ai"i ,  U'j-0(l>)l
PJS, i-.t<  PL/»TL»  U-I-L(')C)J
    IVKi  u'>-:)Uil» US-0039.
    lO,  US-OU'*2
    ^Ii.'lU  »ITil  inATl R  SPRAY,
                                                                                        451
-------
Subject Index
           Ub-Oob.5
        CYCLOUL SFPARATOKt
           Ub-0C(CuPIC»  oS-(JHu3
        VACUUM I.LAUr US-uOuf
        VACUUM Ui.lT SEPARATE FRUM
           UKlVI>-iv U lITf  US-ofibH
    WATtLK  SCPAY
        i^OZZLt' US-OQ61
TALL OIL
    COiJV! KTLD  10 RU,,f;£R,  U
THAi.SFFJi  STATl'Uiir Ub-OOU
    HOPPiRf t'S-OOVi
             OIJ 01  ,vASTES
                  US-0020
                  f UU-0009
    SLAo  HuT'  U'_,-Obo2
    SLU.OI-:  AiiO s.-U.iD
COMTI-OLLFO
                            us-oooo»

                     US-OU06
    EJECTOHr  US-J003
                  U'j-0010
    LOAOLHr  US-0019r US-0029
    PIPLLIUE- Ub-OU?B»  US-0038
         PULUMATICr US-OUJ4
    SHIP'  U'_,-Oo9j
         COlJTAInLKr U5-OOJ4
         HOPPHR» uS-0014
    TRAiiSFci! SrATIO.-it  US-0013
wASTL  HEAT UTILiUAlIOUr OS-0105'
        jARKI'lG Fr.O/DJ  LO-jSi  U'_.-0270
         LiiM?ATl^(J urilT
         bklUE ili.ATE.Kf  US-03;il
         PLASH uv-'P^i-ATOK*  U'.",-03tU
      US-03tf>r  US-0347.  US-03t>7
        PLY.-.'OOD KANUFACTimEi
           U j--02tiO
    USIfJt.  Su,'iAGE AS FULL»
      US-UHUl
    WOOD  wAjTL5» US-U2b9
WASTE WATLR
    PURIFlCATlOiJ. US-07b3.  US-0796*
      US-08i't
WET OXIDATION r  US-0101
WOOD WASTi_S
    l.ARKr  Ub-0507
    CHIPo»  US-OS04f US-0510
    CONVLhTLD TO LOGS»  US-OoUl
    DICLSTOK
        CHAi<6ir\lG» U^-0513
        PRF.THEAFf-'LNTr US-0513
              US-Ob5b» Ub-U66l
             rOR» US-026b.  US-0269
    RECLAMATION
        HOA,
452
-------