PROCEEDINGS
«
|% BUFFALO."
Fifth Session
Detroit, Michigan
Junes, 4,197O
Vol.1,*
In the Matter off Pollution of Lake Erie and its
Tributaries- Indiana-Michigan-New York-Ohio
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
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FIFTH SESSION OF THE CONFERENCE IN
THE MATTER OF POLLUTION OF LAKE
ERIE AND ITS TRIBUTARIES (INDIANA-
MICHIGAN-NEW YORK-OHIO-PENNSYLVANIA)
Cobo Hall
Detroit, Michigan
June 3, 1970
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C 0 N T E N "T S_
STATEMENT OF: Page
Opening Statement - Murray Stein 3
Greetings - Gerald J. Remus 8
Burton H. Atwood 9
George L. Harlow 16, 156
William G. Milliken, Governor of Michigan 147
Reid Bennett 175
John F. Laudadio, Sr. 178
Merrill B. Garnet 187
Wilbur L. Hartman 207
Arthur H. Cratty (Read by Earl A. Terpstra) 310
Francis B. Frost 328
Nina M. Johnson 405
Paul M. Reid 412
Mrs. Carl (Patricia) Kaltwasser 417
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The Fifth Session of the Conference in the matter
of pollution of Lake Erie and its tributaries convened at
9:35 .a.m., June 3, 1970, at the Sheraton Cadillac Hotel,
Detroit, Michigan.
PERMANENT CHAIRMAN:
Mr. Murray Stein, Assistant Commissioner,
Enforcement and Standards Compliance, Federal
I Water Quality Administration, United States
Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.
CONFEREES:
Mr. Eugene Seebald, Associate Director, Division
of Pure Waters, New York State Department of Health
Mr. Ralph Purdy, Executive Secretary, Michigan
Water Resources Commission
Mr. Blucher Poole, Technical Secretary, Indiana
Stream Pollution Control Board
Mr. George H. Eagle, Chief Engineer, Ohio Water
Pollution Control Board
Mr. Walter A. Lyon, Director, Bureau of Sanitary
Engineering, Pennsylvania Department of Health
Mr. Francis Mayo, Regional Director, Great
Lakes Region, Federal Water Quality Administration,
U. S. Department of the Interior
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PARTICIPANTS:
Mr. Burton Atwood, Regional Coordinator,
U.S. Department of the Interior.
Mr. George L. Harlow, Director, Lake Erie
Basin Office, Federal Water Quality Administra-
tion.
Honorable William G. Milliken, Governor of
Michigan.
Mr. Reid L. Bennett, State of Pennsylvania
House of Representatives.
Mr. John F. Laudadio, Sr., Representative,
Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
Mr. Merrill B. Garnet, Federal Activities
Coordinator, Federal Water Quality Administra-
tion.
Mr. Wilbur L. Hartman, Investigation Chief,
Lower Great Lakes Program, U.S. Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries.
Mr. Arthur H. Cratty, Commissioner, Agricul-
ture, Great Lakes Basin Commission, East Lansing,
Michigan (by Mr. Earl A. Terpstra, Planning Staff
Leader, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
Mr. Francis B. Frost, Chief Engineer, Michigan
Water Resources Commission.
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PARTICIPANTS: (Continued)
Nina M. Johnson, Water Resources Chairman,
League of Women Voters, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Mr. Paul M. Reid, Director, Planning Division,
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments
Mrs. Carl M. Kaltwasser, Cause, Housewives
to End Pollution.
Mr. Frank J. Kallin, Facility Environmental
Control Manager, Ford Motor Company.
Mr. Al R. Balden, Waste Treatment Specialist,
Chrysler Corporation, Engineering Office.
Mr. Gerald J. Remus, General Manager, Detroit
Water & Sewage.
Mr. Hillel S. Liebert, Downriver Anti-
pollution League.
Mr. Perry E. Miller, Director, Bureau Engr.,
Indiana State Board of Health.
Mr. Russell C. Mt. Pleasant, Associate
Sanitary Engineer, New York State Department of
Health.
Mr. Lowell A. Van Den Berg, Assistant to
Director, National Field Investigations Center,
Federal Water Quality Administration.
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PARTICIPANTS: (Continued)
Mr. Albert M. Shannon, Chief, Water & Sewage
Treatment, Detroit Metro Water Department.
Mr. L. W. Muir, National Field Investiga-
tions Center, Federal Water Quality Administra-
tion, Cincinnati, Ohio.
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE:
Abele, Ralph W., Executive Secretary, Joint Legis. Air and
Water Pollution Control and Conservation Comm.,
Harrisburg, Pa.
Adams, Mr. & Mrs. Milton P., Executive Secretary Emeritus,
Michigan Water Resources Commission, 1314 Weber Drive,
Lansing, Mich. 48912.
Allison, Darrell, Fisheries Biologist, Ohio Division of
Wildlife, 952 Lima Ave., Findlay, Ohio 45840.
Anderson, Larry, 274 Newport, Detroit, Mich.
Andrews, Michael E., Engineer, Wayne County Health Dept.,
Merriman Rd., Eloise, Mich. 48132
Armstrong, P.E., Plant Manager, Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.,
Wyandotte, Mich.
Atwood, Burton, Regional Coordinator, U.S. Department of
The Interior, 2510 Dempster St., Des Plaines, 111. 60016
Balden, Al, Waste Treatment Specialist, Chrysler Corp.,
Engineering Office, P.O. Box 1118, Detroit, Mich. 48231.
Ball, Robert S., Information Officer, Detroit Metro Water
Dept., 735 Randolph, Detroit, Mich. 48226.
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2-D
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Barrett, Mrs. E. Daniel, Jr., Junior League of Detroit,
1123 Hawthorne, Grosse Pointe, Mich. 48236.
Barry, David E., P.E., Deputy Commr., Erie County Health
Dept., 605 City Hall, Buffalo, New York 14202.
Beaudin, L. A., Chief, Construction Operations Div., U.S.
Army Engrs., North Central Division, 536 So. Clark St.,
Chicago, 111.
Beebe, Arthur D. Acting Director, Food and Drug Administra-
tion, 1560 E. Jefferson, Detroit, Mich.
Bellaman, Wayne C., Regional Sanitary Engineer, Pa. Dept.
of Health, 996 S. Main Street, Meadville, Pa. 16335
Bennett, Dr. G. P., Assoc. Prof, of Biochemical Engr., The
University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606.
Bennett, Reid L., State of Pa. House of Representatives,
3260 Orangeville Road, Sharpsville, Pa. 16150
Bingham, George R., Director, Wayne County Dept. of Public
Works, 1230 First National Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 48226
Bohunsky, John M., Regional Engineer, Mich. Water Resources
Commission, Stevens T. Mason Bldg., Lansing, Mich.
48926
Bojarski, William J., Chief of Laboratories, Lake Huron
Basin Office, Federal Water Quality Admin., U.S. Dept.
of the Interior, Grosse lie, Mich. 48138
Boresch, U. W., Detroit District Corps of Engineers, Detroit,
Mich.
Brandt, D. H., Director, Air and Water Quality, Consumers
Power Co., 1945 Parnall Rd., Jackson, Mich.
Bradley, W. D., Attorney, 4012 Sudbury Court, Midland, Mich.
48640
Brennan, Jack, ABC Network News, 190 N. State, Chicago, 111.
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OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Brown, Glenn, Assistant Director, Environmental Health,
Wayne County Health Dept., Eloise, Mich. 48132
Buckley, Robert M., Chief, Program Development Branch,
Lake Huron Basin Office, Federal Water Quality Adminis-
tration, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, P.O. Box 217,
Grosse lie, Mich. 48138
Burroughs, R. C., Sr. Counsel, Chemicals Div., Olin Corp.,
120 Long Ridge Rd., Stamford, Conn.
Campbell, Joseph S., Jr., P.E., City Engineer, City of
Riverview, 17700 Fort, Riverview, Mich. 48192
Carr, John F., Chief, Environmental Research Program,
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 640, Ann
Arbor, Mich. 48107
Ceely, Shirley B., League of Women Voters of Ann Arbor,
2540 Gladstone Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104
Celeste, Anthony, Chief, Laboratory Branch, Food and Drug
Admin., 1560 East Jefferson, Detroit, Mich.
Cheek, Fred R., P.E., Southeastern Michigan Council of
Governments, 810 Book Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 48226
Chmielnicki, Ferd J., Detrex Chemical Industries, Inc.,
Box 501, Detroit, Mich. 48232
Christian, Clyde, City Engineer, City of Pontiac, 55 Wessen,
Pontiac, Mich. 48053
Collinson, William J., Chemist, Federal Water Quality Admin.,
U.S. Dept. of the Interior, P.O. Box 217, Grosse lie,
Mich. 48138
Cooper, Jack, DuBois-Cooper Associates, Inc., 26971 Grand
River Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48240
Cooper, Toby, Co-Chairman, ENACT, 411 Longshore Drive, Ann
Arbor, Mich.
Cory, Terry, ABC News, 190 N. State, Chicago, 111.
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OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Davinich, Michael, Chief, Construction Operations Div.,
Detroit District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 150
Michigan Ave., Detroit, Mich.
Day, Wm. R., Trenton Channel Riparian Home Owners, 1022
Ford Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
Denniston, Wayne E., Basin Engineer, Michigan Water
Resources Commission, Rockwood, Mich.
Dirasian, Henry A., Professor, Wayne State University,-
Detroit, Mich. 48202
Dooley, Jim, Water Resources Planner, Mich. Water Resources
Commission, Stevens T. Mason Bldg., Lansing, Mich.
Dragt, Gerrit, Supervisor, Quality Assurance, General
Electric, 1099 Ivanhoe Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44110
Dressier, Joel, WDET-FM, P.O. Box 7033, Detroit, Mich. 48202
Dyer, J. R., Gr. Supv., Consumers Power, Jackson, Mich,
Eagle, George H., Chief Engineer, Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board, P.O. Box 118, Columbus, Ohio 43216
Eddy, Gerald E., Member, Mich. Water Resources Commission,
Mason Bldg., Lansing, Mich. 48926
Eisenmann, Jack W., Refinery Manager, Mobil Oil Company,
Woodhaven, Mich.
Fisk, George W., Attorney-at-Law, 150 East 42nd St., New
York, N.Y. 10017
Flint, Jerry, Reporter, New York Times, 748 Free Press Bldg.,
Detroit, Mich.
Frost, Francis B., Chief Engineer, Michigan Water Resources
Commission, Stevens T. Mason Bldg., Lansing, Mich. 48926
Funk, John C., Supt. Water Pollution Control, City of Monroe,
City Hall, Monroe, Mich.
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2-G
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Gallagher, Robert J., Supervisor, Recreation Resources
Specialist, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 3853 Research
Park Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104
Garnet, Merrill B., Federal Activities Coordinator, Federal
Water Quality Administration, Chicago, 111.
Gazdik, Carolyn, Secretary, Lake Erie Basin Office, Federal
Water Quality Administration, Fairview Park, Ohio
Good, Wendell R., Member, House of Representatives, Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania, 534 Vermont Ave., Erie, Pa.
Gouck, J. A., Specialist, Air and Water Control, Allied
Chemical Corp., P.O. 70, Morristown, New Jersey 09760
Grant, Elizabeth L., Co-Chairman ENACT, 146F Natural
Resources Bldg., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich. 48104
Greiner, Ensign Thomas H., U.S. Coast Guard, COTP, c/o M10,
424 Federal Building, Detroit, Mich. 48226
Ground, Cmdr. Carl, U.S. Coast Guard, 424 Federal Bldg.,
Detroit, Mich. 48226
Hamilton, James Lee, Asst. Eng. of Design, Wayne County Road
Commission, 7th Floor, City-County Bldg., Detroit,
Mich. 48226
Hanrahan, John E., Controller, City of Warren, 29500 Van Dyke,
Warren, Mich.
Harlow, George L., Director, Lake Erie Basin Office, Federal
Water Quality Administration, U.S. Dept. of the
Interior, Cleveland, Ohio 44126
Hartley, Robert P., Lake Erie Basin Office, Federal Water
Quality Administration, U.S. Dept. of the Interior,
Cleveland, Ohio 44126
Hartman, Wilbur L., Invest. Chief, Lower Great Lakes Prog.,
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 2309 Columbus
Ave., Sandusky, Ohio 44870
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2-H
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Heidrich, Arthur, Jr., Suprv. Engineer, Water Systems,
Detroit Edison Co., 2000 Second Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
48075
Hennessey, John, Supt. Sewage Treatment, City of Pontiac,
155 N. Opdyke Rd., Pontiac, Mich. 48057
Hennessey, Timothy L., city of Trenton, 2872 W. Jefferson,
Trenton, Mich. 48183
Henris, Harold J., Boat Operator, Lake Huron Basin Office,
Federal Water Quality Admin., 31025 Island Dr., Gibraltar,
Mich. 48173
Henris, Fae (Mrs. Harold J.), Vice-President, Gibraltar
Garden Club, 31025 Island Dr., Gibraltar, Mich. 48173
Henry, Leslie, Counsel, Toledo Edison Company, Toledo, Ohio
43601
Higgins, P. M., Planning & Policy Advisor on Pollution
Matters, Dept. of Fisheries and Forestry, Govt. of
Canada, Confederation Heights, Ottawa, Canada
Hilprecht, R. C., Manager, Natural Resources Council,
Greater Detroit Chamber of Commerce, 150 Michigan Ave.,
Detroit, Mich. 48226
Hohl, H. L., Director of Marketing, Michigan Testing
Engineers, Inc., 15875 James Couzens Hwy., Detroit,
Mich. 48238
Hubbell, George E., President, Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc.,
2709 Telegraph Rd., Bloomfield Hills, Mich. 48013
Johnson, James A., Jr., Asst. to Vice-President, Operations,
Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., Wyandotte, Mich. 48192
Johnson, Nina M., Water Resources Chairman, League of Women
Voters, 2666 Page Ct., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104
Joyner, Herbert C., P.E., 14632 Scripps, Detroit, Mich.
48215
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2-1
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Kallin, F., Mgr., Facility Environmental Control, Ford
Motor Company, The American Road, Dearborn, Mich. 48121
Kaltwasser, Mrs. Carl M., Cause - HEP, 41 Woodhaven Rd.,
Snyder, New York 14226
Kerwin, James L., Detroit News, 615 W. Lafayette, Detroit,
Mich.
Kinney, J. E., San. Engr. Consultant, 1910 Cambridge Road»
Ann Arbor, Mich.
Kramer, Edward, Lake Erie Basin Office, Federal Water
Quality Admin., 21929 Lorain Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44126
Lambrecht, Susan (Mrs. Edward F., Jr.), Junior League of
Detroit, 280 Cleverly, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich. 48236
Lax, Clifford, Lawyer, Government of Canada, 4 Gormley Ave.,
Toronto, Ont.
Laudadio, John F., Sr., Representative, Pennsylvania State
House of Representatives, Box 81, Harrisburg, Pa. 17120
Liebert, Hillel S., Downriver Atni-pollution League
Light, Rosanne, Federal Water Quality Administration, U.S.
Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 20242
Lyon, Walter A., Director, Bureau of Sanitary Engineering,
State of Pennsylvania, P.O. Box 90, Harrisburg, Pa.
17120
Mehan, A. F., Associated Press, Detroit, Mich.
Martin, Edward J., Director, Clean Water Task Force, City
of Cleveland, 1825 Lakeside Dr., Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Maskill, Mark, 311 Eastlawn, Detroit, Mich. 48215
Matelsky, Isaac, Chairman, Water & Air Pollution Abatement
Council, General Electric Co., Nela Park, Cleveland,
Ohio 44112
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2-J
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
MacClennan, P.H., Buffalo Evening News, Buffalo, New York
14223
McCann, William D., Science Writer, Cleveland Plain Dealer,
1801 Superior, Cleveland, Ohio
McCracken, William L., Director of Res. & Dev., Detrex
Chemical Ind., Inc., Box 501, Detroit, Mich. 48275
McDonald, James O., Regional Construction Grants Director,
33 E. Congress Pkwy., Federal Water Quality Admin.,
Chicago, 111. 60605
McGlathery, Mary A., Secretary, Lake Huron Basin Office,
Federal Water Quality Administration, 26668 West
Huron River Drive, Flat Rock, Michigan 48134
McLane, Judith A., Chemist, Lake Huron Basin Office, Federal
Water Quality Administration, P.O. Box 217, Grosse lie,
Mich. 48138
McNaughton, Helen M., Secretary, Lake Huron Basin Office,
Federal Water Quality Administration, 7733 Cortland,
Allen Park, Mich. 48101
McPhail, James, Process Engineer, Monsanto Company, 5045 W.
Jefferson, Trenton, Michigan 48183
Miller, Perry E., Director, Bureau Engineer, Indiana State
Board of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206
Monkoski, Joseph, National Park Service, 143 So. Third St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 19106
Mt. Pleasant, Russell C., Associate Sanitary Engineer,
New York State Dept. of Health, 84 Holland Ave.,
Albany, New York
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2-K
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Musselman, Roy D., Chief Engr., City of Trenton, 2707
Riverside, Trenton, Mich. 48183
Myers, Harry V., Principal Engr., Environmental Studies,
Detroit Edison, 2000 Second, Detroit, Mich. 48226
Nanasy, Thomas W., Engineering Technician, Lake Huron Basin
Office, Federal Water Quality Admin., 8385 Thaddeus,
Detroit, Mich. 48217
O'Brien, Edward D., Technical Supervisor, Time Container
Corp., 1151 W. Elm Ave., Monroe, Mich. 48161
O'Leary, Laurence B., Director, Lake Huron Basin Office,
Federal Water Quality Administration, P.O. Box 217,
Grosse lie, Mich. 48138
Oppold, W. A., Vice-President Mfg. & Eng., Olin, 120 Long
Ridge Rd., Stamford, Conn.
Palizzi, Dan, Process Engr., Mobil Oil Corp., P.O. Box 477,
Trenton, Mich. 48183
Pankowski, Ted., UAW, 8000 E. Jefferson, Detroit, Mich.
48214
Papier, David, Chief, Water Quality, Ohio Dept., Natural
Resources, Div. of Water - Ohio, 65 S. Front St.,
Columbus, Ohio
Parker, Carl E., Chief, Bureau of Fish, New York State
Conservation Dept., Albany, New York 12201
Parker, Robert W., Engineer, Water Resources Commission,
State of Michigan, Mason Bldg., Lansing, Mich. 48926
Pemberton, C., Great Lakes Region, Federal Water Quality
Admin., 33 E. Congress Pkwy., Chicago, 111. 60605
Pfouts, Lee, City of Toledo, Pollution Control Agency,
26 Main Street, Toledo, Ohio
Pierce, Donald M., Chief, Wastewater Section, Michigan Dept.
Public Health, 3500 N. Logan St., Lansing, Mich. 48917
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2-L
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Piere, Rheta B., Federal Water Quality Administration,
U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.
20242
Powell, D. E., Mobil Oil Corp., P.O. Box 477, Trenton,
Mich. 48183
Powers, Ross E., Aquatic Biologist, Lake Huron Basin Office,
Federal Water Quality Administration, P.O. Box 217,
Grosse lie, Michigan 48135
Prather, Charles W., Representing Congressman John D.
Dingell, 62 W. James Street, River Rouge, Michigan
48218
Prokopow, Jean S. (Mrs. Wm. B.), 6469 Ternes, Dearborn,
Mich. 48126
Reid, Paul M., Director, Planning Division, Southeast Mich.
Council of Governments, 810 Book Building, Detroit,
Michigan 48226
Remus, Gerald, General Manager, Detroit Water & Sewage,
735 Randolph, Detroit, Michigan 48226
Richards, John E., Engineer-in-Charge, Sewage and Industrial
Wastes Unit, Div. of Engineering, Ohio Dept. of Health,
P.O. Box 118, Columbus, Ohio 43216
Richardson, William L., Chief, Technical Activities Branch,
Lake Huron Basin Office, Federal Water Quality Adminis-
tration, P.O. Box 217, Grosse lie, Michigan 48138
Richmond, Maurice S., Assistant Chief, Waste Water Section,
Mich. Dept. of Public Health, Lansing, Mich.
Robb, David C.N., Comprehensive Basin Planner, Great Lakes
Basin Commission, 220 E. Huron St., Ann Arbor, Mich.
48108
Robbins, Brent W., Attorney, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem,
Pa.
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2-M
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Roznoy, L. W., Mgr., Environmental Control, Olin Corp.,
120 Long Ridge Rd., Stamford, Conn.
Schneider, R. Stephen, Executive Director, Great Lakes
Foundation, 2200 N. Campus Blvd., Ann Arbor, Mich.
48105
Schueler, Robert, Coordinator, Water Resources Studies,
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 640, Ann
Arbor, Mich. 48107
Seagran, Harry L., Laboratory Director, Bureau of Commer-
cial Fisheries, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1451
Green Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Seebald, Eugene F., Associate Director, Div. of Pure Waters,
New York State Dept. of Health, 84 Holland Ave.,
Albany, N.Y.
Seward, James E., Jr., Design Mech. Engr., Toledo Edison
Co., 420 Madison Ave., Toledo, Ohio
Shannon, A. M., Chief, Water & Sewage Treatment, Detroit
Metro Water Dept., 735 Randolph Ave., Detroit, Mich.
48226
Shaw, Wes, Director, Sales and Marketing, Geo. D. Clayton
& Assoc., Inc., 25711 Southfield Rd., Southfield,
Mich. 48075
Sigmund, J. M., Mgr. of Safety, Harshaw Chemical Co.,
1945 E. 97th St., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Sloan, Jerry L., Public Relations, Ford Motor Co., The
American Rd., Dearborn, Mich. 48121
Sprow, David L., Water Pollution Control Engineer, City
of Monroe, City Hall, Monroe, Mich.
Steggles, W. A., Suprv., Water Quality, Ontario Water
Resources Commission, 135 St. Clair Ave., Toronto,
Ontario
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2-N
OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Stevenson, Edward F., Safety Engineer, NASA Lewis, 21000
Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio
Terpstra, Earl A., Planning Staff Leader, Soil Conserva-
tion Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1405 South
Harrison Rd., East Lansing, Mich. 48823
Thompson, Donald J., Proj. Engr., Peerless Div., American
Cement Corp., 900 Detroit Trade Center, Detroit,
Mich 48226
Trix, Herbert P., Am. Chem. Society - Detroit Section,
Detroit Institute of Technology, 2002 Park, Detroit,
Mich 48201
Tucker, Fred E., V.P., Environmental Control, National
Steel Corp., Weirton, W. Va. 26062
Turney, William G., Asst. Chief Engineer, Michigan Water
Resources Commission, Mason Bldg., Lansing, Mich. 48926
Van Den Berg, Lowell A., Asst. to Director, National Field
Investigations Center, Federal Water Quality Admin.,
U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 5555 Ridge Ave., Cincinnati,
Ohio
Vogt, John E., Chief, Div. of Engineering, Mich. Department
of Public Health, 3500 N. Logan St., Lansing, Mich.
48914
Vyhnalek, Henry J., Supvsr., Chem. Eng., Cleveland Elect.
Illumn. Co., P.O. Box 5000, Cleveland, Ohio
Waggett, Cmdr. Warren W., Captain of the Fort, Detroit,
U.S. Coast Guard, 424 Federal Bldg. & U.S. Courthouse,
Detroit, Mich. 48226
Waring, Thomas, Senior Engineer, Detroit Edison Co, 2000
Second Avenue, Detroit, Mich. 48226
Wark, Bob, Newsman, WCAR Radio News, 18900 James Couzens,
Detroit, Mich.
Walpole, James, Asst. Director of Law, Clean Water Task
Force, 18th and Lakeside, Cleveland, Ohio
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OTHERS IN ATTENDANCE: (Continued)
Waterbury, Neil M., N.W. Ohio Natural Resources Council,
3 Ginger Hill Lane, Toledo, Ohio 43623
Waterbury, Mrs. Neil M., Maumee Valley League of Women
Voters, 3 Ginger Hill Lane, Toledo, Ohio 43623
Walsh, Major Elbert A., Deputy District Engineer, U.S.
Army Engineer, District Detroit, Box 1027, Detroit,
Mich.
Whitworth, Roger S., Chemist, Great Lakes Region, Federal
Water Quality Admin. 33 E. Congress Pkwy., Chicago,
111. 60605
Wilcox, A. L., DuBois, Cooper and Assoc. 26971 Grand River,
Detroit, Mich. 48084
Williams, Joe, Reporter, WJBK(CBS)-TV, 7441 Second Ave.,
Detroit, Mich.
Williamson, R. C., Proj. Engr., Great Lakes Steel (Ecorse)
Detroit, Mich.
Wingert, Wayne L., Environmental Improvement Engineer,
Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, Mich.
Woods, M., Science Writer, Toledo Blade, Toledo, Ohio
Wright, Mike, Reporter, WKBD-TV, Box 359, Southfield, Mich.
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Murray Stein
MR. STEIN: The conference is open.
This is the Fifth Session of the Conference on the
Matter of Pollution of Lake Erie and Its Tributaries in the
States of Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.
The first session of the conference was initiated in
1965 in accordance with a request from James A. Rhodes,
Governor of Ohio, and on the basis of reports, surveys, or
studies under the provisions of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act. The first session was held August 3-5, 1965; the
second session August 10-12, 1965; the third session March 22,
1967; the fourth session took place on October 4, 1968. And
we have had progress meetings in 1966, 1968 and 1969.
This fifth session of the conference was called by
the Secretary of the Interior, Walter J. Hickel , in accordance
with the provisions of the Federal law. Secretary Hickel has
reconvened this conference following reports of mercury con-
tamination of fish in Lake Erie and to take action on current
information on water pollution problems in the Lake Erie Basin.
I think before and certainly since we called this
conference, Lake Erie has come in for its share of notoriety.
I think it has become a symbol of a polluted body of water.
And I also think that possibly in dealing with this complicated
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Murray Stein
problem, the enormous progress which is being made and the
very magnitude of the job often eludes comprehension of people
who are not following this program on a day-to-day basis. In
the midst of this cleanup program, of course, things develop.
And we do have the reports on mercury which will be taken up
in detail.
I would like to suggest that we deal with the pro-
gress report to see whether the industries and municipalities
are meeting their schedules before we take up the mercury
problem, which seems to me to be a separate problem and would
only complicate the dealing with an already complex problem if
we try to integrate that into the discussions of the municipal
and industrial waste cleanup. Without prejudging, I think it
is fair to say that the big sources of pollution have been and
remain the municipal and industrial sources.
The conferees have set time schedules; States have
set time schedules. We are here to evaluate as much as we can
on a case-by-case basis the progress being made. And we are
just kicking this conference off here because subsequent to
this on June 16, we are going to have a workshop in Toledo,
Ohio; June 17, Sandusky, Ohio; June 18, Cleveland, Ohio; June 19,
Ashtabula, Ohio; June 22, Erie, Pennsylvania; June 24, Buffalo,
New York. We would hope that we could spotlight the various
local problems in these places. And all interested parties are
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Murray Stein
welcome to speak at any of these workshops as they are here.
But I think at this conference, we are probably dealing
with the greatest single waste discharger to the Lake Erie
Basin. And I don't know that it comes as any surprise since
Detroit is faced with the problem. Detroit and the suburbs,
the metropolitan area of Detroit, are probably picking up the
waste from a quarter of the population of Michigan, collecting
it and treating it and disposing of the effluent. But I think
again, the facts are very clear that if we are dealing with a
lake having serious problems such as Lake Erie has, dealing
with the biggest discharger, we are right at the heart of the
problem here and now. And I think it might be fair to say that
as the Detroit cleanup problem goes, so goes Lake Erie.
The parties to this session of the conference are the
official State water pollution control agencies of Michigan,
Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and the Department of
the Interior. Participation in the conference will be opened
to representatives and invitees of these agencies and such
persons as inform me that they wish to make statements. However,
only the representatives of the official State agencies and the
United States Department of the Interior constitute the conferees.
We would ask anyone other than a conferee to come up to the
lectern and identify himself for the record in making statements.
We will confine comments or questions to the conferees.
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Murray Stein
In other words, if you have any question or comment, we will
not accept them from the floor. But you will be given the
opportunity to make any statement you wish when your turn comes.
And everyone will be given an opportunity to be heard. This
has proved to be an orderly method before, and we will attempt
to do this again at this conference.
In accordance with our usual procedure, a transcript
and summary of the conference will be prepared and printed
after the conference is concluded. In general, it takes, as
many of you know, from about 3 to 4 months or possibly longer
sometimes for a transcript to be printed and distributed. If
you wish to have any portion of the transcript available to
you before that, you can make your own arrangements with the
independent stenographic reporting service we have on contract
who is taking this down. We have no restrictions on the infor-
mation. Everything we have here is public.
At this point, I would like the conferees to introduce
themselves. We will start at that end of the table, Mr. Seebald.
MR. SEEBALD: I am Eugene Seebald, Associate Director,
Division of Pure Waters, New York State Department of Health.
MR. PURDY: Ralph Purdy, Executive Secretary of Water
Resources Commission.
Mr. Chairman, if I might at this time, I would like
to ask anyone from Michigan that would like to present a
-------
Murray Stein
statement at this conference to let me know their names so
that I can call upon them when Michigan has their turn.
MR. POOLE: Blucher Poole, the Indiana Stream Pollu-
tion Control Board. And on my right is Perry Miller who does
most of my work for me.
MR. STEIN: Can we start at that end of the table,
please?
MR. EAGLE: George H. Eagle, Chief Engineer, Ohio
Water Pollution Control Board. And I have with me Mr. John
Earl Richards of the staff.
MR. LYON: Walter Lyon, Director of the Bureau of
Sanitary Engineering, Pennsylvania Department of Health. And
I have with me Mr. Wayne C. Bellaman, our sanitary engineer of
the area.
And if there is anyone from Pennsylvania who wants
to make a statement to whom I have not talked, do let me know.
MR. MAYO: Francis Mayo, Regional Director, Great
Lakes Region, Federal Water Quality Administration. With me
are Mr. Laurence O'Leary, Chief of our Lake Huron Basin office
at Grosse lie, Michigan, and Mr. George L. Harlow, Chief of our
Lake Erie Basin office, Cleveland, Ohio.
MR. STEIN: And my name is Murray Stein. And I am the
Chief Enforcement Officer for the Federal Water Pollution
Control Program headquartered at Washington, D. C., and the
-------
Gerald J. Remus
representative of Secretary Walter J. Hickel.
I believe that Mr. Remus may have greetings from the
mayor.
MR. REMUS: Mr. Stein, conferees, on behalf of the
City of Detroit and Mayor Gribb*, I wish to welcome you here.
It is our purpose to explain to you our programs that have the
full documentation of the city administration for the area,
mostly, with emphasis on pollution control, some emphasis on
water supply.
It is also our dedicated purpose to relate to you
that this has been a program that has been in existence since
1957 as far as our operations are concerned towards the area
effort, and that our hospitality is at your disposal. If the
hotels aren't charging you the right rates, let us know, and
we will see if we can get them raised.
MR. STEIN: I don't know what the right rates are,
Gerry, but every time I come here, they seem to be higher.
At this point, we will call on Mr. Mayo for the
Federal presentation.
Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: The initial statement on behalf of the
Federal Water Quality Administration, Mr. Chairman, will be in
the form of a status report that will be presented by George
Harlow.
-------
B. H. AtWOOd
We understand that Mr. Atwood, the Regional Coor-
dinator for the Department of the Interior has a statement to
make. We will put Mr. Atwood on first.
STATEMENT OF BURTON H. ATWOOD,
REGIONAL COORDINATOR, OFFICE OF
THE SECRETARY. U.S. DEPARTMENT
OF THE INTERIOR, DES PLAINES,
ILLINOIS
MR.ATWOOD: Mr. Chairman and conferees, ladies and
gentlemen, we convene the fifth session of the Lake Erie
Enforcement Conference today in an entirely different atmos-
phere than existed previously. The public has accepted
President Nixon's call for all of us to work in repairing the
damage to our environment. They have heard Secretary Hickel's
commitment to a policy of preventing further deterioration of
our water, and they seem to like his prescription of "use
without abuse." Obviously, the public has been led to believe
that we are going to do something about water pollution.
Imagine their consternation then when the newspapers
announced that the waters around Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie
were being polluted with mercury.
Their misgivings mounted with the revelation that
all our State and Federal agencies, charged with protecting
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10
B. H. Atwood
our food supply and our water quality, had previously been
aware of the mercury discharges. In spite of this, nobody did
anything about it until they were motivated by the newspapers 1
Such a situation can hardly inspire confidence in
the effectiveness of our programs, and tne outcry by our
citizens is proof that they are deeply concerned.
I think the time is past when agencies can justify
their inaction on the basis of jurisdictions and the public
will not long tolerate what has been called "unbelievable
casualness" in matters concerning pollution.
I hope this conference can develop a plan whereby
all agencies will work together in an action program to assure
"use without abuse" and, hopefully, to act before they are
motivated by the newspapers!
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Atwood.
Will you proceed, Mr. Mayo?
MR. MAYO: The next presentation will be in the form
of a status report given by Mr. George Harlow.
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, I believe that the statement
of the chairman from the Department of the Interior calls for
some comment. At an appropriate time, I would like to.
MR. STEIN: I thought that it might be the thing to
do. Mr. Lyon, why don't you do that right now so we have it in
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11
B. H. Atwood
the record?
MR. LYON: If I understood the statement correctly,
it implied that the Federal and State agencies knew for a long
time that these mercury discharges were going into the lake.
Perhaps the statement was not intended to leave that impres-
sion, but I don't understand that to be the situation. I
understand that a student at Ontario Western University sampled
some fish in Lake Erie and found them to be high in mercury
content. And as soon as the various governments were advised
action was initiated.
The reason I am concerned with the statement is
because I am equally concerned with other toxic substances
that may be getting into Lake Erie about which we are equally
ignorant. And I think it is important for us to recognize that
government at this point really has not had the resources to
test for the literally thousands of toxic substances that are
getting into this lake and that this is something we ought to
do something about.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments on that?
(No response.)
Mr. Lyon, I would like to join your comment. I said
something on this yesterday, too. I thoroughly agree with you.
What I think is the defect and perhaps the implication
-------
12
B. H. Atwood
of what Mr. Atwood said is that we had not been looking for
mercury. Let me preface my remarks by saying that I have
worked with a considerable number of the conferees here for
practically the complete professional career of some of them
— 20, 25 years. I know it would hit me this way, and I say
this to all the conferees: I have looked at the drinking
water standards of the Public Health Service that many of us
were associated with and could find nothing on mercury there.
Even in the drinking water standards, we haven't been check-
ing this. The shocker was that we had not been looking, and
had not been looking for basic toxic materials such as we
knew were being used, not only in Lake Erie but in various
other areas of the country to see if they got in the water
courses. We have taken the glamorous way. And I don't know if
people outside this water pollution business consider this
glamorous, but we have always readily grabbed at a new thing
that has come out. We have talked about detergents and sudsing.
We have talked about phosphates. We talk about pollution from
boats. We talk about oil-well drilling in Lake Erie, gas
drilling in Lake Erie. We are talking about thermal pollution.
This is all well and good, and I think these subjects
certainly deserve the consideration they have been getting.
But if we are going to engage in these subjects and forget about
the basic toxic materials that we should be checking, I don't
-------
13
B. H. Atwood
believe we are doing anyone a service. Let me say that since
the mercury situation has come up — and I would like possibly
some aid from the conferees on that, if not at the conference,
from you individually or privately — I wear various hats in
Washington; I am also Assistant Commissioner for Standards
Compliance — I have been charged with getting up a mercury
report on sources of mercury and a program to contain them
throughout the entire country, and after the mercury report,
to deal with other toxic materials.
Now, the staff found a way to deal with the mercury
report, and you will hear from our representative later. In
the mercury report, perhaps you have 100 or —
Well, I am going to stop right now for Milton Adams.
Milt, come on up.
He is the man who taught us all the business of water
pollution control. Very happy to see him. Milt has run the
program in Lake Michigan, in the State of Michigan, for an age.
Glad to see you. Wonderful to see you.
But here is the situation: We can find maybe 100 or
200 — I don't want to be precise about a figure until we
have them — but a manageable number of significant mercury
sources in the country or places where we would suspect and
look at these sources to see if they were handling mercury in
the correct way and not creating discharges. This is fine. I
think we are going to do it. We are going to come up with
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14
B. H. Atwood
a Lake Erie report here and a nationwide report, hopefully, at
the end of the month. So this will be outlined giving every
significant user of mercury, having looked at them, indicating
whether they have a satisfactory program of containment or not.
But when I go to that other list of toxic materials
and I read page after page of potential toxic materials, I am
not quite sure that even given the biggest staff in the world,
we can quite handle it. And I think if we are going to get at
this problem — and to my mind, it is a very significant one —
I think we are going to have to all get together and work out
an approach where we can do something meaningful.
And the reason I have taken this time to put it up
to you is because you are among the most experienced people I
know in the business. And I don't see any way clear even to
get at this problem yet. And I will be consulting with you
within the next few weeks, few months, trying to get a handle
on this somewhat.
MR. LYON: I don't want to prolong this, but I think
the statement came from a very high level in the Department of
the Interior. And I simply want to say that this problem of
toxic substances is not a new issue. The problem is that the
Federal Government has a very basic responsibility in this field.
And the responsibility so far has not been met.
I am not trying to merely point a finger at the
-------
15
B. H. Atwood
Department of the Interior, but Rachel Carson brought it up.
The American Society of Civil Engineers brought it up. The
Conference on State Sanitary Engineers has brought it up. The
American Public Health Association has brought it up. The
Environmental Pollution Panel of the President's Science
Advisory Committee has brought it up. The Subcommittee of
Science Research and Development of the Committee of Science
and Astraunautics of the House of Representatives has brought
it up, and so on.
The point that I want to make is that at present
the Nation's commitment, particularly at the Federal level, in
the field of toxic substances is completely inadequate. We
are spending $144 million on water research and less than 2
percent of that money is going into the problem of toxic sub-
stances. And the kind of dilemma that you discussed — how
are we going to face this long list? — is that nothing in this
area will happen until the Congress and the Administration
dedicate themselves to the kind of commitment that has been
proposed time and time again by advisory committees, congres-
sional committees, and others. So far, this has not been done.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Maybe we can go on with this. Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: We will proceed now with Mr. Harlow's
presentation.
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16
G. L. Harlow
MR. STEIN: Seeing Mr. Adams who came up here reminded
me of the time when after the first flush of victory after we
got the Federal grant program working in this country (Mr.
Adams was one of the foremost proponents of that before the
Congress) when we made the first grant, both of us were left.
And I went up to Milt, and I said, "Why don't we name this
first plant built with Federal funds the Milton P. Adams Sewage
Treatment Plant?"
And he said, "Heck, don't do that," he said, "there
is enough controversy about my middle initial as it is now.
(Laughter.)
Mr. Harlow.
STATEMENT OF GEORGE L. HARLOW,
DIRECTOR, LAKE ERIE BASIN,
CLEVELAND, OHIO
MR. HARLOW: Thank you very much, Mr. Stein.
Mr. Chairman, conferees, my name is George Harlow,
and I am Director of the Lake Erie Basin Office, Great Lakes
Region, Federal Water Quality Administration. My office is in
Cleveland.
I have passed out to each of the conferees three
reports. The first report which has the green cover is a report
summarizing the status of compliance of municipalities and
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17
G. L. Harlow
industries in the Lake Erie Basin in regard to information
obtained from the State water pollution control agencies.
And then, of the next 2 reports that I handed out
to the conferees, one is a status of industries, listing in
detail every industry in every city covered by the conference.
And then the other report is a status industry by industry
covered by the conference.
Now, at this time, I would like to present for the
record these reports and, if I may, summarize the one with the
green cover.
MR. STEIN: Without objection, all three reports
will appear in the record as if read.
(The above-referred to reports follow in their
entirety.)
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18
LAKE ERIE BASIN
Oj-.iA.i U>,- ^ * O^-'i'A^. AjJ. ^li''L-J_"
W JL'' !ri
ABATfel-lF^T SCEEDULBS
as of Kt.y I, 1970
Monicroalities and. Industriss
Depo.rtnient of tui Interior-
Federal Wawc^r Owv;;-.lit7 A^iinie.-.iv.t :.
June 1970
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19
The CoTlcieriCO o-i the Detroit River and Michigan vextc 1*0
of Lake Erie vns initiated in March 1.962 on the bar-ir. of a
written request from thv: Governor of Michigan. 1:hz con^eren:e
vas reconvened in June 19&5 at which time the Federal Go1 DIM-
Bir-nt and th'j State of Michigan agreed to a set of coneIv?;5G.as
erd recoifir,3i:dAiJans for pollution abatement.
Tho I'ike Ei ie Enlorctr:on'C Conference v&s ia.1''..ip/Lofl ii<
A^;;uot 3,9cS on the basis of t, vritten request fro-m !}••• Ckn''>-r-i.>xr
of Ohio an .I oa the basi.; of reports., srstveys^ or r-,tit;'i'.:.•.-" a ir'cr
procu;)U;'^s dcr-';ri'n;-d in r;cctio!i 10 of the Federal Wr?t-.v Pj.Tlii-
tion Co.iti-ol Act. 33 U.C.C. ^66 ot seq. At th?--; -:O)ifciepco
th'? eta to s of Mle>Jf;au; Jj(lio.L^,, Ohio, ?enni;ylvani^,, ard I>i'^T
York/t pad the Ft^ci al C-overnn^nt a,groed to a set cf cor'^3r.-vo. '
Dud roco'.'.ienc?al.ior.s for pr:lliri.ion £ibat?riiorit of the ertrire lu S.
1 o;. l.iou of I: }'.• ; :.;. ,
•Tr'c; .fo"17c;' '"r/; t./o rr:.•:"••-. "n-fritlons d-'-r-.n-, vrith th:: trt,r,t-
nor!. of runic-'"' '. ;-rd Jrr'i^tiinl '/'-..btes.:
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20
2
i'f-r(. Muni dps} wastes are to be jiven seconuary
•treatment or treatment of sacb nature as to
effectuate the maximum reduction of EOD and.
phor.i'ht-ter, '-IP, well as other deleterious pub-
stanceo.
;fK'. Industrial plants are to ii:,pro>/e practices
for the segregation and trc-^tzreni, of viste to
effect the maximum reductions of the follow-
a. Acids and alkalies
b. Oil and tari*y substances
c. Phenolic compounds aril or^;aric clu-^micals
that contribute to taste and odor probrtevus
d. Aranonia and other nitroyerious ccmround,:
e. PhoGphorus corapoun;l3
f. Suspended material
g. Toxic end Mgh.'y-co1 or•.--.'' vnstes
h. Oxygen - d c;r,ancl ing s ub r; t*;: nc j '.-••
i. Excessive rier.t
0, Poara-proiucin^ discharges -
k. Othfr wastes vhaoli det-rcct frcir iccrc'^.t:'oj ^.\
uses, estrr^i^ en^oycri'nt., or oth^r 'ocnerj ci ?.?„
UH..-S of the waters
At a reconvene^ seKB-ion o-r tne confcicnce jb JArrch 3.9^7
the conferees &3i-eed to cchedulcfj for the &">o.tv.i.ort rP r/" iiio-ii.^!
and inT'Ujtrir'j v^.st-rs to 1130^ th^ req.> iro 'i';1'1.^ e <]0'.3^i:o;: j .1 re "; "J'-V:''
tica rY snu fj.6. T;.., followins taLlec ^u,. .v.i'i'',e the schedules an
s;.o^;> in
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21
^toucipaljties
No.
Munic. scheduled for completion
Sub« Total
Basin Mimic.
SE Michigan 12
Ifeumee River 48
K. C. Ohio 31
Greater Cleve- 39
Akron
N. E. Ohio 17
Pennsylvania 31
New York __!£_
TOTAL 190
Adequate
Facilities
•• M«
8
3
16
6
28
,-. ..".
61*
Established
Schedules
MM
5
2
8
-
1
.,..3
19
10/67
„ —
5
--
3
1
-
— i.
10
*0f the 61 municipalities considered adequate,
1968
P^«*
12
5
3
1
1
. I.
23
two are
by
^969 1^70
6 6
16 1
15 6
5 3
3 4
1
— .L— -£~ — .
49 23
now required
.1971
<*•
-
1
2
-
-* 1 !• H III
*
.to improve treatment.
Total
Sub- Indus-
Basin tries
S.E. Michigan 29
l&umee River 48
N. C. Ohio 19
Greater Cle-ve- 36
Akron
N. E. Ohio 16
Pennsylvania 20
Kew York __24__
TOTAL 192
Adequate
Facilities
*»
19
2
3
5
17
..— .-„.
50*
Industries
No.
Established
Schedules
mt
1
1
I
1
1
7
12
Industries
Scheduled for
Completion by
1967
7
7
4
7
5
-
..JL
31
1968
13
15
6
11
3
1
- , °*
49
19J52 1970
8 1
6
6
14
2
1
Q 9|
42 5
19J1
-
-
-
-
-
™1_
3
72
the 50 industries considered adequate, 9 are now required.
-to provide additional facilities.
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22
The 4th session of the conference in the matter of pollution
of Lake Erie and its tributaries was held in October 1968 at which
time the conferees agreed to the following additional recommendation
regarding phosphate treatment:
"The policy of maximum phosphate removal from municipal
and industrial sources to protect lake Erie's water quality
is -reaffirmed. At the present time, it is believed that the
States can best move this phosphate program forward by pro-
viding a minimum of 80 percent reduction of total phosphate
loadings from the respective States. The terminal date for
construction of facilities to effect such phospha/te removal
shall be 1971.
"fetch State water pollution control agency arid the jjepart
Kent of the Interior shall list its municipalities, industries,
and the federal installations which discharge nutz'ients into
the Lake Erie Basin and indicate which discharges have a dele-
terious effect on water quality. The list and detailed plans
for treating these wastes shall be submitted to the conferees
within 6 months. The decision as to how much phosphorus is
to be removed at sr&all sources is the responsibility of each
State agency as long as the total loading reduction is met."
At the present time only two cities are reporting removal of
phosphates—Detroit and Cleveland Westerly.
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23
II. Workshop Areas
Secretary Hickel has announced several enforcement workshops
to discuss the vater pollution abatement programs on a subbasin basis.
The following indicates the area of discussion for each -workshop loca-
tion:
Location Subbasin Rivers
Toledo, Ohio feumee River Basin Maumee and tributaries
Sandusky, Ohio North Central Ohio Portage, Sandusky, Huron
Vermilion, Black
Cleveland, Ohio Greater Cleveland- Rocky, Cuyahoga, Chagrin
Akron
Ashtabula, Ohio Northeast. Ohio Grand, Ashtabula, Connee.ut
Erie, Perms lyvarn'.a Pennsylvania Entire Lake Erie-
Pennsylvania area
Lackavanna, N.Y. VIestern New York Entire Lake Erie-New
York are?
The SoutheasGcrn Michigan area of the lake Erie Baein drains an
area of 5,600 square miles and extends from the head of the St. Glair
Bive-r at Port Huron to the Ohio border. It is the major population and
industrial center in the Lake Erie Basin and has an estimated population
of four million.
Water quality is excellent vhe;i it leaver Lake Huron and remains
essentially imclianged until it flowt; past Detroit where it receives a
heavy load of municipal and industrial vastes.
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24
The Huron River discharges to Lake Erie near the mouth of
the Detroit River and carries the vaste discharge of a number of
cities and industries.
The Raisin River also flows into Lake Erie. It is one of
.the most polluted harbor areas in the western basin. The City of
Monroe and four papermills discharge directly into the harbor area.
The river upstream from the harbor area also has degraded vater
quality.
The original conference listed 10 munieipaxrties and 25
industries needing improvements to their vaste treatment facilities
in the "jctroit River- Michigan waters of Lake Erie area.
>f
The l&iuuee raver Basin area is largely
there is a large municipal and industrial loading to the -waters,.
There are 48 communitites included in the sewage treatment abate-
ment program for the Maumee area ranging from small rural cojorauni-
ties to two of the largest in the lake Erie Basin. The industrial
abatement program for this area includes 48 industries. The pre-
dominant activity is tlie petroleum industry. However, there are
rather divei«e industrial activities in the area with other nxjcr
activities i-^l-'Clink canning and other food processing, meial
i'inif-hing and manufacturing.
The North Cev.tral Onic La sin is generally a rural area vitn
rrc.r.,y municipalities in the 10-:: 0,000 population range. The vester-i
-------
25
portion of this area is agricultural while the eastern end near
the Greater Cleveland area does have industrial development. This
area is one of the smaller pollution problems in the Lake Erie Basin;
however, some of the rivers are severely polluted from municipal
and/or industrial wastes. There are 31 municipal treatment plants
listed in the abatement program for North Central Ohio and 19 indus-
tries. Major industrial waste problems include oil, food processing
vastes and elating vastes.
One of the most seriously polluted areas in the Lake Erie
Basin is the Greater Cleveland-Akron area. This area is heavily
populated and contains a very heavy industrial activity. The pre-
dominant industrial activity is steel and rubber. Although-this is
one of the smaller areas in the Lake Eris Basin, the streams in this
area receive the largest volume of discharges of municipal and indus-
trial vastes of any other area in the Lake Erie Basin except South-
east Michigan. There are 39 municipal and 36 industrial discharges
in this area.
Although the Northeast Ohio area is almost entirely rural,
the near-lake area is developed and is the location of many chemical
industries. The industries, for the most part, are located in one
of two complexes "which degrade the waters of the Grand River and
Fields Brook, a tributary to thf? Ashtabu-La River. Outside of a
three mile stretch near the lake, Northeast Ohio's rivers are gener-
ally of good water quality. Northeast Ohio's abatement program; lists
17 municipal treatment plants aixl 16 inrlu&tries.
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26
u?he Pennsylvania area ir> the sira'Uer.t lake Erie subbusir.
There is only oxie major city and only one major industry which
produces paper. The abatement program for Pennsylvania includes
31 municipalities and 20 industries.
The Western New York area hap no Major cities within its
boundaries. Although a good portion of Buffalo drains into this
area, the treatment plant discharges to the Niagara Pdver and is,
therefore, not included in the Lake Krie subbasins. A large porl-ior
of the Greater Buffalo area is included in the Western Key York arc?
which supports a relatively large population and a large hea vy~ inch: y try
complex vhoc,e products inc.1u.de steel, coke, chemicals and oil. Fruit
juice producers are a major activity in the southwest po^t^n of this
area. The pollution afcatrcent program for Western New York in eludes
12 municipal treatment plants and 2^ industries.
III. j^^ug^f_^bji^rne^j^ij'\ct_i^ns
Minnie ipa3.it igs
The following table is a summary, by subbasin, of the status
of mancipaiities as of Ifoy 1, 1970 in complying with the established
schedules as shown in the March 1967 proceedings:
Presently _
No Meeting Intermediate Final Toval
Southeast Michigan " -"""" ~ %
l-??.uinee River Risin 5 10 2 2.3 ^
North Central Ohio ? 7 1 5 ^-3 28
Gxeater-Clcve-Akroii 8 5 - 4 6 23
Northeast Ohio -21 53 l-1-
Pennsylvanla 1 1 - 1 - 3
New York 3 1 •
TOTAL 19 ?3 4 22 56 129
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9
27
The table shews that 78 cities out of ~n° with schedules
have fallen behind in meeting original conference dates.
Presently there are 82 cities still in some intermediate
phase of their improvement. .Only k are meeting their original
schedules.
As of May 1, 1970, ^9 out of 82 cities were over one year
behind schedule.
At the June 27, 19^9; Progress Meeting the States submitted
the following lists for phosphorus removal.
Michigan
St, Clair River
Algonac
Marine City
Marysville
Port Huron
Lake .St. .Clair
Huron-Clinton Metropolitan
Authority Metropolitan
Detroit River
Detroit
Grosse He Township
Riverview
Trenton
Wayne County-Trenton
Wayne County-Wyandotte
Black River
Sandusky
Pine^ River
St. Clair
Clinton River
Clinton Twp. Plant #1
Clinton Twp. Plant #2
Mount Clemens
Oakland County, Oakland, Univ.
Pontiac - #1
Pontiac - #2
Rochester
Romeo
Selfridge -Air Force Ease
Sterling Heights
Utica
Warren
Huron River
Ann, Arbor
Brighton
Chelsea
Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority
Milford
Northfield Township
Waterford Township Plant #1
Waterford Township Plant #2
Wayne County - Flat Rock
Wayne County - Rockvood
Ypsilanti City
Ypsilanti State Hospital
Ypsilanti Township
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10
28
BeUg Rive^
InUay City
Salt jRiver
New Baltimore
Richmond
MauBBe River
Hudson
River Jjaislt)
Adrian
Blissfield-
Clinton
Milan
Monroe
Saline
Tecuraseh
Indiana
All municipalities with population over 2000.
Ohio
Discharges Directly to Lake
Ashtabula
Avon lake
Cleveland
Westerly
Easterly
Conneaut
Euclid
Huron
Akron
Bedford
Bedford Heights
Berea
Bcnrling Green
C.leve.'Land
• Southerly
Defiance
Elyria
Findlay
Festoria
)
Lorain
Port Clinton
Rocky River
(Cuyahoga County SD/
Sandusky
Toledo
Willoughby
Eastlake
Mentor (Lake To. )
Fremont
Kent
Lake-wood
Lima
Medina
Worth OlMF-teu
Painesv.i.ljo
Eairport Harbor
Tiffin
-------
29
n
Pennsylvania
Effluent will not contain more than 1 mg/1 phpsphorus as P
Erie
North East
Girard
Lake City
Hammermill Paper Co.
Effluent will not contain more than 2.0 Mg/1 phosphorus as P
Albion
General Electric
South Shores Service
Albro Packing Co.
Gunners on Brothers Tannery
New York
All plants receiving flows of 1.0 mgd or greater.
The following paragraphs summarize the status of some largt.
municipal polluters in the Lake Erie Basin which have fallen signifi-
cantly Dehind enforcement conference schedules.
largest of the sources of municipal waste erriucnt to lake
Erie and among the largest municipal pollution control facilities
in the United States, the Detroit Metropolitan System presently
serves k-0 percent of the population of the State of Michigan. The
plant is located in Detroit with interceptors connecting 53 surround-
ing communities in Wayne, Oakland and Macomb County.
. Approximately 3*7 million people are served by the system
along with a large industrial load. Dry weather flow is approxi-
mately 665 mgd from a system that is composed of boi;h separate
-------
30
12
and combined sewers. The present plant consists of primary facilities
with disinfection and phosphorus removal vhich was added in April 3,970.
BOD removal is approximately 40 percent.
The implementation schedule established in iyb> is as xollows:
Preliminary Plans - April 1, 1967
Final Plans - November 1, 1968
Complete Construction - November 1, 1970-
Preliminary plans were submitted on schedule. Final plans for
some phases of the project have been submitted and construction ha?
begun. However, all final plans are not yet submitted and the com-
pletion of construction will be about two years later than the originally
scheduled date of November 1970* Present construction will^. result in
completion of-facilities to meet two of the criteria established by
the conferees. Phosphorus removal equipment was placed in operation
in April 1970 and additional disinfection is expected by Novenber 1970.
Biological treatment' is not expected to be in operation until June 197?
and a request has been submitted to the Michigan Water Resources
mission to extend the completion date from November 1970 to June 1972.
In addition to inadequate treatment for its approximately k
million customers the Detroit Metropolitan System has other problems,
euch as? oil discharges to the Rouge River from the Oakwcod Pumping
Station arid discharges of packinghouse wastes to the Detroit River
from the Du Bois Street storm water overflow. There are also con-
tinuing prob3.eina with some of the suburban communities failing to
support the regional system.
-------
Wayne County., Michigan
The Wayne County plant at Wyandotte, Michigan is the fourth
largest source of municipal waste in the U. S. portion of the lake
Erie Basin- The plant presently serves ^.1 communities in Wayne
County and nas started recently to accept wastes from the Ypsilanti
Township system in Washtenaw County.
Presently, an estimated population of 250,000 and most of
those industries which do not have direct access to the river, are
served by the Wyandotte plant. Dry weat.her flow is an estimated
40 mgd. BOD removal is kk percent.
The implementation schedule is as follows:
Preliminary plans: April 1, 1967
Final Plans: November 1, 1968
Construction Completed: November 1, 1970.
Preliminary plans were submitted and approved on schedule.
Final plans as submitted for the Wyandotte plant were not approved
by the State. The County proposes, as an interim measure at Wyandotte,
to provide chemical treatment to meet the effluent stipulation by
November 1970, with later construction (beginning in 1971) of secondary
biological treatment facilities.
Ins major problems have been a delay in clearing residences
from the .Land needed for expansion of the facility and the Jp.ck of
planning on the part of the county to purchase the land at the time
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32
Of approval of preliminary plans. Other problems include industrial
vastes, multiplicity of communities on the sewer system, and the
presence of combinations of separate and combined severe,
City of. Monroe, Michigan
As a civil entity, Monroe, during the Conference, vas not one
of the largest sources of municipal vaste effluent to Lake Erie,
Since that time, however, a regional system has been planned to
include the wastes from the neighboring townships of Frenchtown and
Monroe and from the Monroe area paper mills to be treated in a single
expanded municipal vaste treatment, plant.
Presently, an estimated population of 23>000 is served by the
primary treatment plant. The sewer system is a combination of sep^ratf
and combined. Average dry vcather flow is 2.9 mgd. The t>laut, achieved
29 percent removal of BOD,
The implementation schedule is as follows:
Preliminary plans: May 1, 3.967
Final Plans: May 3, 1968
Construction* coiTiploted : May 1, 3.969.
Pre3.iminary p3jaii3 were submitted on schedule and approved
Subsequently, the regional concept of a metropolitan system vas
proposed and accepted by the State agency. This expanded system
required additional tiite for development of final plans (Approved
by the State on Novesnl-.yr 15, 1969).
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33
The revised stipulation with the various units required
construction to begin by April 1, 1970- Bids have been taken,
bonds sold and coircract awarded. Completion of
construction is expected by June 1971«
A problem remains -with Frenchtown Township which had earlier
reneged on a contract with the metropolitan system. MWRC action i&
expected at an early date.
The problems of the Monroe area include stormwater overflow,
multiplicity of governments, large waste discnarging industries in
relation to size of city, a discharge to a harbor area and limited
river flow.
FU Wayne^^Indiana
Ft. Wayne is the largest city in Indiana, population 200,000,
whose drainage is to Lake Erie. The city is served by a secondary
sewage treatment plant with present flows of about 23 ingd discharging
to the Ma.umee River. At the time of the March 1967 conference
session Ft. Wayne's treatment was considered adequate by the State
with the exception that effluent disinfection was not practiced.
Therefore, a schedule was established for disinfection by December
1968. This date was not met and disinfectica facilities still have
net been insta.1 led, placing the city 16 months behind schedule.
Subsequent to the March 1967 conference session the State has
determined that Fc. Wayne's plant is approaching design capacity
and therefore enlargements have been ordered. Phosphate treatment
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16 34
has not been installed but the city is conducting experiments on
how phosphate can be removed-
Euclid.,Ohio
Euclid is the sixth largest source of municipal -waste in the
U.S. portion of the lake Erie Basin (based on BOD discharged).
-Euclid's immediate need is for secondary treatment, of its wastes
or become part of the regional system.
Euclid, population about b3^UDO, is an estem suburb of
Cleveland located directly on Lake Erie.
"When the present primary plant was constructed in I960,
existing Imhoff tanks built in 1927 were converted to flocculatj.cn
tanks to-provide intermediate treatment capabilities. However, the
records indicate that these intermediate treatment facilities have
seldom, if ever, been used. The present plant is operating at
capacity of 15 mgd. It is apparent that with additional sewage
load, treatment capability will decline.
A review of Euclid's past programs for abatement of sources
of.industrial and municipal pollution whereby conference requirements
would be met admits of little progress. The city is far behini the
accepted timetable for submission of preliminary plans (5/1/67), and
final plans (6/1/68) for secondary treatment. Since Euclid has not
even drawn preliminary plans, it is certain they will miss the June
30, 1970. target for completion of construction.
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17 35
Another major factor in the degradation of lake Erie's waters,
offshore Euclid, has been the" discharge from Euclid's storw severs
of raw se>/age and concentrated industrial wastes containing oils,
cyanides, and other toxic substances. These discharges caused two-
separate fires in the lake on February 7 and 8, 1970 &nd a kill of
-10,000 lake Erie fish on October 24, 1969.
Another facet of Euclid's pollution control program of serious
concern is the city's decision to build its own treatment plant rather
than connect to Cleveland Easterly. From a water pollution control
point of view, it is highly desirable that Euclid join a regional
system.
£le veland^ ^Ohio
Cleveland operates three sewage treatment plants serving the
central city and 33 suburbs. Easterly and V/esterly discharge directly
to Lake Erie, and Southerly discharges to the Cuyahoga River about
10 miles upstream from Lake Erie. Each plant vill be discussed
separately.
The Southerly sewage treatment plant is the major municipal
polluter of the lower Cuyahoga River. The plant provides secondary
treatment for an average sewage flow of about 80 mgd. The plant has
a design capacity of 68 mgd. Since the first coaference, additions
have been made but the effluent quality is still unacceptable.
The conference schedule called for completion of plant additions
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36
by December IQ^Q- This date was missed by four months^ but facilities
provided vero insufficient to handle adequately the increasing flows
and complexity of the wastes. Effluent is still high in suspended
solidr and BOD. Disinfection, a Conference reaulr^ment, has" not been
provided, .fnosphates are not being removed. The State has now ordered
Cleveland to provide tertiary treatment plus phosphate removal by
January 1973-
Easterly
The easterly plant, providing secondary treatment, is operating,
at about design capacity of 123 mgd. To meet conference requirements,
additions vere scheduled for primary and secondary clarifiers calling,
for completion of facilities by September 1970. This would,take de-
sign flow to llj-1 mgd. Construc^ion on the primaries is not haj,l cio*x,
and secondary clarifier construction hasn't even begun, worK. at
Easterly is 18 months behind xne enforcement conference schedule.
Disinfection has not'been practiced even though chlorination facili-
ties exist. This is especially critics,! since plant effluent is
immediately adjacent to a public bathing beach, three miles from a
large Lake Erie water intake, and typhoid organisms have been isolated
in the effluent.
The easterly plant is the best of Cleveland's three plants
but affluent quality is still low for a secondary process. Eumerovis
bypassec of ra,v sewage have occurred while construction has been
underlay.
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19 37
The State has issued an abatement order calling for completion
of all facilities by January 1973? including phosphate removal.
Westerly
Westerly is a primary plant treating an average flow of about
35 mgd. This is the third largest sewage treatment plant in the
Lake Erie Basin still providing only primary treatment (Detroit and
Wayne County in. Southeast Michigan are the first two). Final plans
for secondary treatment were to have been drawn by June 1969 and
construction completed by December 1971 • Final plans are not com-
pleted, making progress toward secoix3.f--.ty treat.mont over one year
behind. Even for a primary plant, effluent quality is poor. The
effluent is chlorinated only in the summertirre even though iharo
is a large Cleveland water iutaX-:: vitaln four Piles of the effluent.
n.evelarju as exvej::i sauting wjih the use of chemical coagulants
and poUywers to inprovo trcatnenb until secondary construction, in
completed. This in ono of the tvo plants jn the lake Erie Pa, sin
(Detroit is the other) that is x-ernfy-riofc phosphates at this time.
Besides tho i.hrey treatment pistils, Cleveland has other prolxl.wrus
of waste control. There arc a number of places in the sewer system
where dry weather raw seweg-a is bypassed. The stated number of loca-
tions changes from time to time but the figures center around 500,
Two notoiioafi severs fii\: the Jennings Road sever ar^d the Big Creek
sewer. Jerningn KoacL r-e'/.-sr frequently bypasses to the lw?er Guy?itoga
Ri'v.ij^ r;r»; sev^r. hr-avily .Ind.ened with industrial '?n--->tes inc.lu.ding "
-------
20 38
oils from Research Oil and Refining Company, and the Lie Creelt
sewer (carrying 30 ragd) has broken five tirvj.s in five ycai s.
Each break lasted for about five inon'lhs "before being repaired.
In all, over the 3ast five years the Big Creek sewer has bypassed
about 22 billion gallons of raw sewage to the lower Cuyahoga River.
At tlr* last conference the conferees asked that the Big Creek sever
be repaired and steps taken to prevent a recurrence. Complete over"
haul of both these sewers was scheduled for this year to prevent
further bypassing and breakage, but the projects have been delayed.
Cleveland also cannot handle in their sewer system all the
dry weather sewage flow from the 33 suburbs it now serves. I'o
rectify this problem, express (relief)sewers were planned to carry
the excess suburban sewage directly to the treatment plants. Plan-
ning for these sewers has been postponed, and i'ai.luve to place these
sowers vn<3er design and construction has resulted in a Ctate imposed
btiildu rig ban on the city and its 33 connected suburbs, 'i'he city,
however, has chosen to defy the ban. Construction of the^e exj.-re:!G
scv/ors is a conference requirement. According to the original state
schedule, detailed plans were to be drawn by December 19661, and con-
struction started by July 1969- Since detail design has not begun,
completion of tlsin project is at least two years away.
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21
39
The following table is a summary of the status of all major cities;; that
have fallen behind conference schedules:
Original
Actual Sched.u3.ed .Schedule
Remarks
Months
Behind
Original
etroit
Wayne County
Mo?iroe
Tnuinna
))ecatxu-
Ft. Wayne
UC
FP
UC
F
FP
UC
UC
UC
UC
CO
CO
CO
PP. 4/1/67 Construction started.
FP 11/1/68 Phosphorous removal
CO 11/1/70 in operation CO
scheduled 1972
PP 4/1/67 KP not approved by
FP 11/1/68 State
CO 11/1/70
PP 5/1/67 Under Construction
FP 5/1/68
CO 5/1/69
CO 12/63
for dib-
Infectio»
only
CO 12/68
for dis~
infect j.on
only
CO 12/68
for die-
infection
only
Wow requiring further
treatment facilities
Now requiring further
treoticent facilities
NOT requiring further
treatment facilities
18
on
FP
18
13
16
16
3.6
Heights
PP
FP
CO
UC
FP 6/15/68 Building Freeze ordered 23*
CO 12/15/69 to coiriplete PP and
authorize FP for laterals
and arrange PP for French
Creek plant.
FP 1/1/68 Building Freeze Ordered 28
CO 12/31/70 to complete FP by 8/70
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22
40
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Cleveland.
Easterly
UC
Westerly FP
Southerly UC
Conneaut
Defiance
Euclid.
FP
UC
PP
Fairnorfc har
FP
Huron
UC
UG
CO
CO
CO
UC
UC
UC
FP 6/68
'CO 9/70
FP 6/69
CO 12/71
FP 6/68
CO 12/69
PP 3/15/67
FP 1/15/68
co 10/15/69
FP 9/15/67
PP 5/1/67
FP 6/1/68
co 6/30/70
PP 7/-15/67
PP 6/15/67
J'j' 6/15/68
co :n./i;/7o
Months
Behind
Original
Schedule
Remrks
Extended schedule
Completion by 1/73
including AWT for"
PO, control (to
start construction
on secondary clari-
fier early '70)
Extended schedule 10
Completion by 7/73
including AWT for
POj removal (now
adding chemicals
for PO, control)
Schedule extended 5
to include tertiary
treatment plus Pp,
control by 1/73
Extended schedule 28
8/70 for FP
Extended schedule to 9
9/70 for CO
Extended schedule to 36
10/15/70 for comple-
tion of pilot plant,
authorization 6T FP
for improvements to STP
and FP for additional
sludge dispose]
Bui.iri.iug frocz.e«- 2k
ordered to complete
negotiation? -with
Pciinesvi.lle or aatbor-
i/,e YP (no PP sifomitted)
by 9/70
ib;tended schedule 35
IT 6/:il/70
i-j- 6/3./71
CO 12/1/7?
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23
41
3y
Independence
Oregon
Painosville
Port Clinton
Sandusky
Van Wert
'JilXoaghby-
Bactlake
urty__PIants
Cuyahoga Co.
Koclry River
BD ^
lake Co.
Mentor £-1)
Status
FP CO
F CO
FP UC
UC CO
F UC
FP CO
FP UC
FP CO
PP UC
Original
PP 6/15/6?
FP 6/15/68
co 12/15/69
FP 7/30/68
co 12/30/69
PP 12/31/67
YJ? 9/30/68
co 12/31/70
FP 6/15/6?
co 4/15/69
PP early 6?
FP 6/30/68
co 11/30/70
PP 5/15/6?
FP 8/15/68
co 12/15/69
PP 4/15/6?
FP 7/15/68
CO 7/15/70
PP early 6?
FP 6/15/6?
CO 9/15/69
PP 1/1/68
FP 1/1/69
co 1/1/71
Months
Behind
Original
Remarks Schedule
Building freeze ordered 23
to complete negotiations
for CVI, PP for laterals
for SD fl, authorize FP
for laterals for rest of
city by 6/70
Permit being held-- 5
not yet UC
Building freeze ordered 19
for FP, F and start UC
by 9/70
Extended schedule to 13
4/?l for CO
F arranged, Permit ?
to 3/?l for start UC
Extended schedule 21
to 13/70 for FP, F
and staro UC
Ordered by 1/71 for 22
FP and F
Extended schedule to 35
12/70 for start UC
Extended schedule to 28
6/?0 for PP
__
Urocton, (V)
FP 8; F CO
PP 5/1/66 Negotiating vith Pure
FP 7/1/6? Waters Authority
CO 9/1/69
34
-------
42
Btr_itri;!> Oj-.l^
Depcw (V) FP CO FP 2/1/68 Agreement reached to 27
CO 1/-1/70 connect into Buffalo
r Authority sy,<;te^
Danlar); (C) FP CO IP 5/l/6b Extended schedule to
CO 12/31/69 CO by 1/1/71
Frc-cloi.'lu (v) ]'TP UC FP l/J'1/69 Mo new schedule
CO 1/2/71 Reached agreement fo:-.
preparation of final
L",nac-:.Lcr. (v) PP CO FP 1/1/67 An-recrrcRt reached to
CO 6/1/68 connoct jvito U-.iffald
PP DO IT 9/l/i3o Cu}^ide.rJir.[s :u^:.,l
CO 3/1/70 ac-llon
^-•:?\,."io'ul (v) IT CO FT 6/1/63 Plans to induct tvc:;
CO 12/3.1/69 went of ^?a^,tc;^.•. ;:m^
three grape proc-e:.- c o -.
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INDUSTRIES
The following table is a summary, by suboasin, or
status of industries as of May 1, 1970, in complying with the
established schedules as shown in the March J.yb7 proceedings:
Subbard n
KE Michigan
Maumee River
K. C. Ohio
Greater Cleve-
Akron
N. E. Ohio
Pennsylvania
New York
No
Schedule
Presently Not Meeting Schedule
Comple- Meeting
ted
Schedule
1
1
1
1
1
7
25
19
7
21
7
1
3
TOTAL
12
83
;ermediate
Phase
—
-
-
_
-
1
-
1
Final
Phase
k
9
9
11
3
-
7
H3
TOTAL
29
29
17
33
11.
3
20
lUg
This table shows that kk industries, out of 130 with
schedules, have fallen behind in meeting original conference dates.
Presently there are ^7 industries still in some inter-
iiedio.te phase of their improvements. Only 3 a^e reacting the
original conference schedule.
There &rs 38 in-lustrJes over one year behind schedule.
The fo3.1oi:3ng p:'.ra,g,rr-pb.s su!iii'.o,ri7,e the atie,ten
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26
44
MONROE ARM PAPER COMPANIES
The largest source of organic waste in the Monroe Area,
the four paper company plants -have effluent flows that range
from the same as the present municipal plant to almost three
times greater. Combined, the volume of these wastes is aliaost
ten times that of the city. The plants are:
Consolidated Packaging - North Plant 7.5 mgd
Consolidated Packaging - South Plant 6,5 mgd
Union Bag-Camp Corp. 4.5 mgd
Time Container Corp. 2.2 icgd
These total 20.7 fligd compared with a flow of 2.86 uigd
from the City of Monroa plant. The existing plants are pro-
viding inadequate treatment. Construction of required facili-
ties was originally scheduled for completion "by January 1, 1969?
hove ever, in January 1968, the companies contracted with the City
of Monroe and adjacent townships for a regional treatment system.
Construction of this facility is expected in June 1971> t^e de-
lay being the additional time needed for design and construc-
tion of an expanded facility.
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
The Ford Motor Company at Dearborn, and a smaller plant at
Monroe, discharged a greater volume of wastewater than any other
ind'or
-------
45
2T
coriipof.ecl of all types of manufacturing facilities necessary to
convert raw materials io a finished automobile, has a total waste
flow of k!2 mgd.
To co.Tply with conference recommendations the Ford Motor
Company has taken the following action:
1. Phenol and sanitary wastes are now discharged to
the Detroit municipal system.
2. Pickle liquor is returned to the chemical company
for reprocessing.
3. Class production has been converted to a flota-
tion process to eliminate wastes from polishing
rouge.
Oil spills present a problem. Some oil escapas oocc-niorml-
ly from booms across the river and the boat slip. The plan to use
parts of the abandoned channel of the Rouge River as a settling
ba;-;ir> va,s delayed because of lack of Federal funding on a Corps
of I!nr,uieei*s f3_ood control project. The State then required Povcl
to construct a settling pond, which was recently completed.
Some pickle liquor still escapes from the plant cud ccraaes
A slight red color in the turning basin.
The State of Michigan adopted a final order o:r determined ton
at j'i,f! Fay nccting to require further control of suspended so3it>s
resulting in part from oil pollution control facilities.
Compliance 'by June 1, 19^9^ was required by the conforoot-.
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46
GRI&T lAlUSS STffiL COMPANY
The Great Lakes Steel Company lies three major plant faci.1.1-
•cies on the Detroit River - blast furnace divlsipri, 90-2 mgd; hoi.
strip mill, 72.1| mgd; rolling mill, 71.9 ragd,
The original completion date for construction of facilities
vas October 1, I960. Controls vere required for solids and. oil at
all three locations, phenols at the blast furnace division, and
acid and iron at the rolling will. Construction W-B completed on
time, however, the performance vas not up to expectations and re-
quired additional facilities.
The blast furnace division is presently constructing facili-
ties of additional 50/o capacity for suspended solids removal.
The rolling will discharges excessive amounts of soluble
oil. Th'e State of Michigan extended the completion date for this-
facility to November 30, 1971.
Observations of company outfalls indicate spills of oil
and other Materials occur on numarous occasiono.
REH3BIJC S1TEEL, CLWEIAND, 03110
RepubD.ic Steel failed to jaeet the desxitj.no for abatement
by December 3X> 19^9^ &nd as a result was party to a hearing on
vater quality standa.rc'.s violation initiated by the Dv-partirisnt of
the Interior, Further ivsiprovcments ha^e been ordered, for blast
furnace 5 "*-d 6 (high, in suspended solids) by December 1971 and
for the coke plant wastes, hl^h in cy^uides, phenols, and. am-
monia. Republic pleir, to co/^^ot the coke plant irabtec to the
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29
47
Cleveland municipal sewer syfit&m by December 1970 for treatment
in the southerly works. Furthermore, Republic still -has not
completed construction of treatment facilities at blast fur-
naces 1-U (high in suspended solids) and the finishing mi UK
(high in oils and suspended solids).
J & L S'BSEL, CIEVEIAED, OHIO
J & L failed to meet the deadline for abatement by Decem-
ber 31> 1969> an<^ as a result was party to a Hearing on vater
quality standards violations initiated by the Department of the
Interior. Further improvements have been ordered for blast
fxiroaces (high in cyanides) by June 1971> 8-nd for finishing
mills (high in oils) by August 1972. J & L plans to complete
abatement work;:, for the basic oxygen, furnace by August 1970
and as rare s that adequate treatment will be: provided by this
sunnnsr for varies from the blooding mill vbicb are high in oils,
and the electric furnace, r: wldch are Mgh in suspended solids,
IO
lilDJARD ROSS CORP., IRC Fll'-tv?,S, PAIK7:BVIl,rS, OHI
The Mi dlfm'3. ROPR Cox-p., IRC Fibers Division, vt.s required
to :ijr>ro-ove treatment fox* reduction of suspended Bolldw^ ziuc,
and r-r{i-'*.ni '•.£.- by .To.ri.u8ry 1, 1969. Although roite in- plant controls
hf/.vc' lj',.c,i co'',plet&G and are presently under covistructiou, uc
r.y ij.-;,:.-,.,-}:;;, to». ~' r J terminal treatment has boon irdtietcd. Gignifi-
cf-r.t. ?4in?. r'.'dv.ution has beei-j accoirpli shed b\vL. totr.l t.\i-n-i.jnent o.f'
tlic t-iastf- r-tropja is sti.'Ll 3r;acleciuate.
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30
Dl/ufeffi SHAMROCK, PATKEoVILD?,* OLIO
This company completed facilities, but the adequacy of
treatment appears unreliable. The effluent is still high in
suspended solids and chlorides, and other dissolved solids.
Furtherrcore, adequacy of treatment of coXe plant wastes, nor-
mally high in cyanides, phenols, and asmonia, is questionable.
Chromium, a toxic metal, is also in their vs-stes.
A plant inspection and investigation by Federal end
State perF-onnel seems warranted to assess adecvuacy of treat-
ment.
DETREX CHEr-JTCAL, RrAGTJVE KRTAIS, OIZN MATHl'KSOW, GENERAL T1RK,
DIAMOND SHAMROCK, r-nd CABOT TITAKIIM, ASRJCABUIA, OHIO
These companies all completed, facilities but adequacy
of treatment oppears uncertain. Nuiasrous cor.rplairits about v^te
polration probleros from these industries are reported by the
citizens of Ashtabula. Detrcx Ch'^nical was one of the cornpanic
in loe T/)ke ErJe basin that was found, to be discharging raorcurrv.
Jr'lant inspection s and investigation by Federal s,nd Str.te
perr.onnel scearu warranted for thesa industries to auness adc--
qiiacy of tre'ttrudnt.
U. B* STSL, LQimiJ^ 01LIQ
U. S. Ctecl coi^leU.d p.Tl tfcoir facilities for rbn;.o:^r.t
on t.Lr.r;- v it)j t';:e exception o." coke pDani. \ro.Pl.e^, Trc-;Htioc:Ttt sho
have been provided by Kceornbor 1S'6> . I'lEvus for tvcatiu" the1 co
y>il.rt;vt Vic tyl,*;- av-f ;;t ill ia^e'P.ur't-.- bxvi- the po.T'p.-?ny 1:- 'cbtnlix:..;; aV
l-yin^; into t)v^ lcr;-.r-.M iiv^Kicip: .1 fvW.'af^': tfett-tireut jxlsr.L. O-i i-:'
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31 49
Inspection trip in Novcir other pro"bXeir>c vere noted "but
the coj.,ocny reports that these have been corrected.
mMMJM-lJLL PAPER COMPANY, ERIE, PKIMSYLVAK'JA
Enforcement conference dates called for completion of
abatement facilities by December 1970. The State reports that
the company has now been ordered to complete facilities by
February 1972 which means that they vail miss enforcement dates
by at least 13 months. The company is making changes in their
paper waking process which will reduce their overall pollution
.load. The change will be completed by December 1970 'but they
wil'i. still be insufficient to meet conference requirements.
Ar, a further Measure, the conpcay hns vorked out an acceemenl.
vith i)Kv City of Erie for joint treatii'ent. Before the: ci£y car;
accept, the papex-ndl] vastes, a large scale expansion program
tnuf.t be completed. This program is schoctvled for completion
in F .fbruary 197& but delays have already been encountered.
Therefore, Haromermill1 s abatement hinges on, conpletJon of trio
Erie sewage treatment ti.lant exp.: npion being oa tirao.
MOBIL OIL, BUFFALO, HEW YORK
Although plaii-!', clowre V3.r, schedule;d for 1966^ opera-
tions are still coulinx'ir:^. It appears that plans for plant
closing have- bpen abandoned by the company.
The plant effluents contain high amounts of oil and
phenols. Recent samples ind.ic3.ted P.COO Ibs./day of oil and
PjjO Ibs./day of phenols vere beiri£; dipcliargr-d to thR Fmffe.?.o
River, Nevr York hap requested that the phenols not exceed
-------
50
50 lb;;./day. No limit has been F,et for oil, TT>H- it is obvjov.*:,
that t)-^ level should "be greatly reduced.
Since the plant vas clue to close ju 1968 and pollivlSon1 :U;
still occurring, this makes Mov;i oil at Ircst 32 norths bej-drr"'
schedule.
The status of the major jmiustrJal polluters that have
foiled to rr.eei. conference deadlines if? prci;?utc.d in the;
table :
STA.1US
L5«acAi
-------
INDUSTRY
INDIANA
Franke Plating
General Plating &
_Engineering
OHIO
Astoria Plating
m-,0 Railroad
Bechtel McLaughliu
Cle-velf-n'a lie tea
Clcairjnj; Co.
Elite P.lc.ti
33
STATUS Original
Actual Sched'd. Schedule
UC
pp
UC
pp
UC
I-P
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO 12/68
Remarks
CO ex-
pected
6/70
51
Months
Behind
Original
Schedule
16
PP
CO
V67 State held enforce-
12/68 ment Hearing 2/4/70.
Recommended Order
being prepared by Board
to order preparation of
plans & construction of
adequate facilities.
FP 4/1/67 Extended 28
^o 1/1/68 schedule
until sewer
available(bsing
rebuilt).
FP 7/1/67 Ex-bended 22
CO 7/1/68 schedule to
CO 12/70
FP 2/.1/67 Hearing to 39
CO 2/1/68 show caure,
cease & desist
order issued by
OVJPCB 2/10/70 -
FP by 6/70
FP 6/1/68 Extended 23
CO 18/31/69 schedule to
6/70 for FP
CO FP 8/1/67 Extended
CO 7/1/68 schedule to
CO by 10/70
CO FP 7/1/67
schedule to
7/70 to cop^oci
t-O FJT'O.IC Oa f>r-
in.'i t !•!' & ;'!,:•:'
-------
INDUSTRY
OHIO
B. F. Goodrich
Karshaw Che mi col
MldJand Ross
IKG Fibers
LOP Glass
Seneca Wire 85 Mfg.
Swift £• Co.
STATUS
Actiial Sched'-a.
FP
FP
PP
FP
N & W Railroad
Republic Creocoting UC
uc
uc
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
Months 52
Behind
Original Original
Schedule Remarks Schedule
FP 1/1/68 Ex-beaded SB
CO 371/69 schedule for
FP & CO by
10/70
FP 7/1/67 Extended &
C012/31/68 schedule for
FP & CO by
3/71
FP 2/1/67 Some zinc re-
CO 1/1/69 duction com-
pleted
FP 10/3/67 Extended 16
CO 1/1/69 schedule to
12/70 for
FP & UC
FP 6/1/67 Extended
CO 6/1/68 schedule to
8/70 for CO 23
FP 1/1/68 Extended 16
CO 1/1/69 schedule to
9/70 to final-
ize sewer connec-
tion io Lima, systcm-
FP 1/1/68 Extended l6
CO 1/1/69 schedule to
7/20 for CO
CO 6/1/67
Extended
schedxile
until sewer
available.
FP 12/1/68 Extended 16
CO 1/1/69 schedule to
CO of Plating
wastes & submit
?P & CO for
wastes from
vapor plant
operations
by 1/7-1.
-------
53
0)1
Uni.ro v^
CO
P3- 1/J./63
]'•]' :!u/:L/("
CO Wl6'
.'19
foT J.'J' to
6/YO. Oorort
S. K.
liC
CO
FP 3/3/6Y
CO 3/3/68
i;xtonO,-cl fO
scl'Cc!\ao to
5/70 fcj> <-cn>-
iv'O'b'.Lon. to
VIC
r 5/. 1^/69 KOI onio t
CO 3 J'/.-! 5/70 CO Jy-15/7'"1
T? .'1/1/67 KC-> • f •/•
co 3./I/70 r.i- " • ;i«-
. ...
co v, (,/7 i
1T 6/j/^
>V 6/1 /(.'"-
CO 3'•/:', i/6i.'
i^yn/rv;
T ... -I /| //•'•. 1 . •.
j I .1 i I • I . ,. I I I - '. I 1 1 . ' I, I
-------
36
Welch Gre.pc JvJ.cc
(West.rie.ld)
FP
CO
54
Original
Sc-hodiac
Months
Bch:ipd
Or;' £irml
PP 3/1/67 Treatment
FP 1^/31/6? to be pro
CO l£'/31/69v-.Ic!.ed by
Westrielc!
(V) pln.nt.
ho
-------
55
TIKI; "•.'!', :i.kpuo?o TO i/;;:7'.",r;N
i-'oui'teen eleei.H.c pov;cr ^oneraiing plants now discharge
vMr.ic heat f,i Rpproxirately 3!i bullion BU/hr. to the connecting
c-h .J'U^.TL. aud \.n,:f;!,f-;rii J.-,Vo Eri.o bet\;er-n Po.ct Huron, Kichigo.n aud
pj"o.lur,Oj Oldo, /\11 bxil t)"":: relatively sijall Enrico FerM I plant
f.-rc loc,'5.ll' :P:xOca.
'.I'brce laj1^..1 jiov? plants &rc scbocJulou, to l>o built on tLa
r:.'"'rot; ofvostc'r^ l--;..ko L'rie within the next, five years. Tvo o.C
«!•
t-jK.r.Cj tbs D£ v.l ;;-]3;;r,f T plant in Ohio Jind Eru-ico )!lor-iai JT. 3n ?;.ich:L-
(-;,."••]; r.Vc ruo.'l1,.;r--.i''ii^lcd and vill diccha/.-^e together aibout .l,x bJ.'Ux
L.'O/lv. A •rc'ML.-.l.l-.'i'i.rj.'lc J. plant :in 11' cbi[/.u vill cHRch^r^e 10 bilHi
j1'.'1 :/';.-•. tJu/j tbo tot'/...! povcr iuduslv^v v";.«te 3icat dischai'^e will
line fro/,i the profoivi; $\- billion to ')'{ billion BTU/hr., an incrcFiJ
or 68 percent; al'i. r-itV;.n i'ivo years. Predict:'on of parcr needs
the: futxirc indicate the prospc-ct of cvon g-rveaber 5,ncreD/..,c:> iu v?sto
l.-'-.jc in;." cooling faoll'J tie;;
to i. :C:.'.c? f!r: c-.'hi..'njf oc j .;•-• ; >al b-^1, inpv I to thri lp)iofrom these 3
nuclear power plants going up.
Uer,U;:f-ii JrJ-r: ]• --;c [p.vi". 1—at Vj-o-r! all t.oirccer,^ n?.tvral and
C.-Tt11'".-"! , cii-> i.r.^; tV: x?."> •• ' -r, ;-_•. r,.;-.Oii j'.t tf-:: r.vV'co of 587 bi.llion }>'j.'ij/ijr.
-------
30
56
As long ec vatc-r ic-»y;:.>iT.;U\V(: ."!•':•;_,:; air t£>..ip.:Aal'. '-o,- j;.s it CICOB i)i
Lake Erie, re[, " o U,:f.s o.P olbcr fp.c.to.rf;, .it j-, po:T/Uxle foi1 blv,-
artiilc:';jj. Ix^l inpvvL lo oontiiLulc j. :-U.LI. •..:,!>}y to tho lalvO \?o,t';i
temperature. It is ef-'trmtcd pior^nt tei;1por-c',l-u''-OG In t?i2 entire
vcr;tori.i 1»? cin ar« already ?_Jo corld bo as riuc.h
as )j,f' F. above natural temperatures.
It is dfji/bWu] IP.tli cx-ictirif;; LnVe Eric t'Vrrpc-ro/Uu/e? th''/L
western
th»/Lal-:e can support Colio ^.'l.-noiic Additioiialiiy tho •U.jf.pc.i.vUues t,ve
ncc.rinti the critlr-.al lev:-."! i'or r..'pport of vallc^e and yol3a.T perch.
With elc-vf/t.ec' tO'-pcraU'.'.-fif;, f«.V,r-e, Copecial'Ly t:ie troublebor.i« vr.ric-
ties, 'v/ill becoi''^ even ii'O'.c aLunrlant.. Since \fo-r.vtc:r-ri lako Erie al-
I'co.dy I:..'',::, eJrO P.UA..I.GHU enlnnoed T>y higher tempers/lures, ^nd th:-
rej^.ini)5g valu--bllc i'.Lvi Gpcc.icr-; e,re in dict?.-cf.r>, cooling f-'-oilitic f,
at major heat covrccs i-lin-'.j.ld be r>eqi
-------
57
as
jl?.^~>.2:~ Cf T:-.Z iNTERIOR
F^CcKAL ^TER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
L. ,.
-------
58
LAKE ERIE BASIN
MUNICIPAL COMPLIANCE REPORT
June 3, 1970
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
GREAT LAKES REGION
LAKE ERIE BASIN OFFICE
-------
59
TABLE OF COETEKTS
i
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN A-l
MAUMS3 3I"CR EA3IX B-l
iCCr.Vz^ Ciili.Tiv.-iij w.ii_j_o C ~J_
C33/S3R CLS^LAIQ-AKRON D-i
XORTIlSAST OHIO E-l
PENIEYLVAKIA ?-I
MEW YORK C— 1
-------
60
LAKE ERIE BASIN
MUNICIPAL COMPLIANCE REPORT
As Of 5/I/TO
(As Reported by State Health Departments)
In the March 22, 196? Lake Erie Enforcement Conference Proceedings, 190
municipalities were listed as to adequacy of treatment and requirements and
schedules for improving treatment facilities where necessary.
The following table summarizes the schedules as shown in the proceedings:
Subbasin
No. Munic. Scheduled for Completion
Total Adequate Established by
Munic. Facilities Schedules 1967 1968 1969 19TO 1971 1972
SE Michigan 1?
Maumee River 1*8 8
N. C. Ohio 31 3
Greater Cleve- 39 16
Akron
N. E. Ohio 17 6
Pennsylvania 31 28
New York 12 -_
TOTAL 19- C1
to Inurov'- treatment.
19
-
5
-
3
1
_
1
10
enuo
-
12
5
3
1
1
1
23
te, ?
f,
16
15
5
3
_
k
k9
BTP. li 0
6
l
6
3
u
1
2
23
>w reqi:
-
_
-
1
2
_
1
k
ireri
Following is a table summarizing by subbasin the status of industries in
complying with the established schedules as shown in the March proceedings:
Subbasin
SE Michigan
Maumee River
W. C. Ohio
Greater Cleve-
Akron
N. E. Ohio
Pennsylvania
New York
TOTAL
Presently Not Meeting Schedule
No Meeting Intermediate Final
Total Schedule Completed Schedule Phase Phase
2
5
U
5
1
I
12
Uo
28
23
11
3
12
5
2
8
«
1
3
7
5
2
1
1
13
6
3
7
19
-------
_
2
3
1
1
_
3
2
l©^
3
7
6
1
8
.
10
5
1
1
_
-
7
10
6
1
..
_
2
ii/Z.
7
8
2
2
1
2
_
1
-
1
_
_
5
2
8
—
1
3
1
7
7
3
1
_
-
cl
J^f/4
8
7
7
_
8
s
l
3
1
_
1
-
61
As can be seen by comparing the two tables above, ~J, ' of the municipalities
scheduled for completion by December 31,1969 actually completed their treatment
facilities.
£>r
Presently there are %" municipalities still in some intermediate phase of
their improvements. Only '4 •.-•- meeting ,r:~'-.c a^h^.r;" <•••-
Present Phase* Time Schedule
No One Year More Than
Subbasin " _rT FP F UC CO On Time Schedule Behind 1 Yr^ Behind
SE Michigan
Maumee River
N. C. Ohio
Greater Cleve-
Akron
N. E. Ohio
Pennsylvania
New York
TOTAL 10 -^jl? 3? 3£i,6- ^ 19 19
^Present Phase
PP - Preliminary Plans UC - Under Construction
FP - Final Plans CO - Complete Construction
F - Financing
Phosphorus Removal Requirements
At the June 27, 1969 reconvening, additional requirements for phosphorus
removal were made for the following:
Michigan (Compliance by June 1, 1977)
St. Clair River Clinton Rivejr
Algonac Clinton Twp. Plant #1
Marine City Clinton Twp. Plant #2
Marysvilie Mount Clemens
Port Huron Oakland County, Oakland, Univ.
Pontiac - #1
Lake St. Clair Pontiac - f/2
Rochester
Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Romeo
Authority Metropolitan Beach Selfridge.Air Force Base
Sterling Heights
Utica
Warren
-------
62
Detroit River
Detroit
Grosse lie Township
Riverview
Trenton
Wayne County-Trenton
Wayne County-Wyandotte
Black River
Sandusky
Pine River
St. Clair
Belle River
Imlay City
Salt River
New Baltimore
Richmond
Maumee River
Hudson
Indiana (Compliance by December, 1972) - v
All municipalities with population over 2000.
Ohio (Compliance as indicated) -
Discharges Directly to Lake
Huron River
Ann Arbor
Brighton
Chelsea
Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority
Milford
Northfield Township
Waterford Township Plant #1
Waterford Township Plant #2
Wayne County - Flat Rock
Wayne County - Rockwood
Ypsilanti City
Ypsilanti State Hospital
Ypsilanti Township
River Raisin
Adrian
Blissfield
Clinton
Milan
Monroe
Saline
Tecumseh
Ashtabula
Avon Lake
Cleveland
Westerly
Easterly
Conneaut
Euclid
Huron
Lorain
Port Clinton
Rocky River (Cuyahoga County SD #6)
Sandusky
Toledo
Willoughby
Eastlake
Mentor (Lake Co.)
Ill
Completion Date
1970
1972
1973
1973
1972
1972
1972
1971
1970
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
-------
63
Discharges to Tributary L
Akron
Bedford
Bedford Heights
Berea
Bowling Green
Cleveland
Southerly
Defiance
Elyria
Findlay
Fostoria
Fremont
Kent
Lakewood
Lima
Medina
Norwalk
North Olmsted
Painesville
Fairport Harbor
Tiffin
Completion Date
1972
1972
1970
1975
1975
1973
1971
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
Pennsylvania (Compliance by July 1, 1971) -
Effluent will not contain more than 1 mg/1 phosphorus as P
Erie
North East
Girard
Lake City
PJffluent will not contain more than 2.0 mg/1 phosphorus as P
Albion
New York (Compliance by December 31, 1971 for all direct to lake
discharges and December 31, 1971* for all indirect discharges)
All plants receiving flows of 1.0 mgd or greater.
-------
64
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA
A-.1
-------
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA
65
Months Behind
Stutu?
Actual Scheduled
Berlin Township FP CO
Detroit (City) FP, UC UC
CO
Estrol Besch (Village) CC CO
Fro nr- lit own (Township) - CO
Grosse Tie (Township) UC UC
Luna Pier (City) CO CO
Monroe (City) UC CO
Original
Schedule
PP 5-1-67
FP 5-1-68
co 5-1-69
PP U-l-67
FP 11-1-68
CO 11-1-70
FP 5-1-67
FP 5-1-68
cc 5-1-69
PP 5-1-67
FP 5-1-68
co 5-1-69
PP U-i-67
FP 11-1-68
CO 11-1-70
PP 5-1-67
FP 5-1-65
co 5-1-69
PP 5-1-67
FP 5-1-68
CO 5-1-69
Origins!
Remarks Schedule
Court Order: 2U
FP Vl/70*
CO 1/1/71*
Phosphorus removal v
in operation U/7C
Upgraded individual
systems
Agreement was to be I?
signed for connection
to Monroe by k/lk/70
(if connecting to
Monroe --see Monroe)
Citizen's sm't against 1
sewer construct! on -
construction has stopped
interim treatment con-
sists of primary and
chemical treatment
-
Extended schedule to 1
7/1/71 for CO
* Court order gives alternative dates for improvements to individual
systems. Upgrading individual systems is not adequate for the- MWRC.
PP = Preliminory plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
A-?
-------
SOUTHEAST MCHIGAN AREA (Cont'd)
66
Months Belli nd
• 't3t-,i:-: Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
lonroo (Township") UC CO PP O-l-bf
FP 5-1-6?'
co 5-1-69
til verv lew (City) 1IC UC PP U-l-67
FP 11-1-6;",
CO 11-1-70
Treiitor. (City) DC UC PP k-l.-6-j
FP 11-1-69
CO 11-1-70
i-Jnyne Comity 1 c' UC PP "t-1-67
CO 11-1-70
•ify^ Conn I y '1C ('<"' UC FP 'i-1-67
Trcn'.cm FP 11-1-6B
CO 11-1-70
Original
Remarks Schedule
To connect to Monroe 1
(See Monroe City)
Official plsn (Com-
prehensive tilsn) for
SIT not approved.
MRWO wants fonnection
to Wayne Co. -Vyandotte.
-
Have to condrnn property 1'
for new plnrv1 . Inter:':.
plane for pririidr^ or.d
chem i ea 1 " rf utrrir-nt
approved.
Inter in. p.Hnf- for
chemical 'ureotr,icr,t a^d
t.rickljnf, filter ax'prc>'. ed
PP -- Preliiiii npry plane
F!' - Final plans
F - rinem?.! 'ig
UC,' -.Undor Co istri^:t i on
lr t-j Constmctlort
A-'
-------
67
M A U M E E
K I V E R
BASIN
AREA
3-1
-------
St. Joseph '^l
68
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AREA
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Ori ginal
Schedule
St. Marys River
Berne
CO
co
CO 12-6R
co 12 -6V.
16
Avilla
B^ ler
Gsrvrtt
Vaterloo
F
F
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
12-6P
l?-6b
12 -6K
12-6;;
Gtate has Issued TIT i or- lo
ity for Federal n;rsn1
State has issued prior- 16
ity for Federal pi-ant
Mauriiee River
Diversified
Utilities
Fort Wayne
Monroevilie
Nev Haven
f CO CO 12-6cj Stream Bd. order issued 16
3-17-70 for expansion
of facilities & connection
to Fort Wayne
UC CO CO 12-68 16
In litigation relative
to sale of bonds for plant
expansion & conptruction
of chlorination facilities
presently overloaded.
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
y = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
B-2
-------
69
ADMEr RIVER BAG IN AREA (Cont (d)
Status Ori pi na 1
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks
MontVin Behind
Orj Final
Schedule
St. Mnrys River
P.ockford
11.. Mo ry-
FP
CO
PP 9-15-6? Extended schedule to
FP U-15-6'' 1^-71 for FF & F
CO R-15-69
FP 6-15-6"
CO 6-15-69
Bt. Joseph Hlver
FP 2-15-65 Evtended schpduJ
CO 12-lri-69 f-TO 1o start UC
Aup.la : ".P PI
Colun.luF Grove
Jriderr>"i lie
Dflphos
Finila
Forest
Ohio City
01 ta-wa
CO CO CO 1P-15-67
PP UC PP 3-15-6i; Extended schedule to
FF 3-15-69 6-70 for PP and
PC 9-15-70 authorization oT FP
CO CO Tn operation Nr chlorinatJor
7-67
UC CO FP 7-15-67 Extended schedule to
co 6-15-69 6-70 to co
CO CO In opera-
tion 7-67
CO CO FP ^-1-67 CO 1-70
CO 12-5-6?
UC - PP 7-1^-67 Permit to 2-71 for CO
26
11
PP -- Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F - Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
-------
MAUMEK RIVER BASIN AREA (Cont'd)
70
fitatun Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Origins!
Schedule
OHIO (Con-'
Aup.laiy.e
d)
Rjver (Cont'd)
Pemlnra
Pa vne
UC CO CO 1-1S-69 Under orders - permit
to 3-71 for CO
CO CO U.C. early
67. In
operation
early 6P.
FP CO PP 5-15-67 F,xtend«=d schedule
FF >'-15-6P to 11-70 for FP, F,
CO 12-15-69 and start UC
16
T-ff-'r "Ivor
r>try\er"
UC CO FP 6-15-67 F arranged
CO l?-]5-69 Permit to \>e issued
when UC is starter!
i ance
Kamlf-r
FP CO PP 6-15-67 Extended F'jh
FP 6-15-6F to 10-70 for FP
co 12-15-69
UC CO FP 9-15-67 Extender! schedule to 9
CO P-15-69 9-70 for CO
F CO FP 5-1S-6C F arranged - prrrn.it S
CO 12-15-69 "being processed, siould
start UC shortly
FP CO FP 5-15-67 Extended schedule for FF 22
FP 7-15-6P (permit heirs processed)
CO 12-15-69
PF = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F - Financing
UO - Under construction
CO - Complete construction
-------
MAUKFF, KTVF.H BASIN AREA (Cont'd)
71
Ori-inal
Actual !/<-),<• du led Hehedule
Or-' fine 1
(Cont 'd)
:ri'.^e P.1 \er (Gone 'd )
lie Irate
FP CO FP 3-15-67 Permii de.-.ipd in 196'i - 3'
CO 5-30-6'. No progress since 66 -
Retained enpineer? to
bi; i Id nev -ole;.i
T.i i'Cr' y Of-r.ter
Northwoocl
fherwood
Toledo
Wsterville
Host LeLpsic
FP
P?
UC
CO
CO
CO l?-lr>-6i-
PP 9-1^-67
PP 6-15-67
FP 6-30-68
CO 1?-31-69
PP P.-D-67
FP s-15-6^
CO 9-15-69
UC 2-6"
PP 7-15-6^
FP ''-15-6''.
CO 2-72
PP 7-15-67
FP T-15-68
CO 12-15-69
No schedule
Bids 12-66
Extended r^hrdule l.o
2/7] for F? - invert^ -
gate F
FP & F for pfwers dnr
9-70 (to l~e tributary
to V/ood C-tunty plant -
part tril . to 'Toledo)
Extended pc>ed\}le
to 12-15-TO to Ptart UC
Renewal nrt yet received ?h
FP not sv"brntted
Extended schedule to
6-70 to ctart UC
Extended to 12- ,'0 for
submission nf aprrement.
to Lu^as Co Plant
(Jerome Boad)
Perrra't being held -
financial nrol'lem
Lucas County
Metropolitan HD
Holland Sn"bdist.
FP
F
CO
PF = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = FinsncJng
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
PP 3-I1)-67
FP 6-1-67
co 1-15-69
B-5
Permit being processed- 3r>
Revised plans needed for
n*;w area (Vatervi lie).
F nearly ccirpleted.
-------
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AREA (Cont'd 72
Months Behind
Status Origins! Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks Schedule
•JIO (Cont'd)
Ottawa R:\er
Sylvan-s CO CO CO 6-67
Lucas County
Metropolitan 3D - - -
Sylvan Woods Subdiv.
Sewer //^39
Small Tributaries to Lake Erie
Walhridge CO CO CO 6-1S-6?
Lucas County
Metropolitan SD
Fuller's Creekside
Subd.i v.
Wood County
Main Sewer Dist. #9 - - -
Sanitary SD -/"l
Indian Trails Estates
Direct to Lake Erie
Harbor View Connect to Oregon No schedule —
when available
Oregon F CO FP 7-30-6R Permit "beinp held - S
CO 12-30-69 not yet UC
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
B-6
-------
73
NORTH
CENTRAL
OHIO
AREA
C-l
-------
CEl'iTKAL OHIO AREA
74
Status
Actual Scheduled
Origins!
Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
10
Portage River
Bloomdale
Elr/.ore
McCorb
Oak Harbor
Pemhervi lie
Port Clinton
Woodvilie
Camp Perry
FP
CO
CO
FP
UC
uc
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
FP 2-15-68 Extended schedi le
CO 12-15-69 to 8-15-70 for FP
FP 12-15-67
co 12-15-69
CO 12-15-68
PP 8-15-67
FP 8-15-68
co 12-15-69
PP 6-15-67
FP 12-15-68
co 12-15-69
FP 6-15-67
CO 4-15-6Q
PP 8-15-67
FP 8-15-68
CO 12-15-69
Extended schedule to
4-71 for FP & F
Extended schedule to
8-70 for F end start
UC
Extended schedule
to 4-71 to CO
Extended schedule to
6-70 to CO
27
21
13
Sendi)sky River
Attica
Bloomvilie
Fremont
Tiffin
UC
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
PP = Preliminary Plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financinfi
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
PP 6-1S-67
FP 6-15-68
co 12-15-69
PP 3-15-67
FP 6-15-68
co 12-15-69
CO 7-15-68
Extended schedule
to 3-71 for CO
Completed early 1970
B-2
-------
NORTH CENTRAL OHIO AREA (Cont'd)
75
Status Ori g j iis 1
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
M riths Behind
Original
Schedule
;0 (Cent 'd)
Sandusky River (Cont'd)
Upper f^ndnsky F
Bandusky County
Sewrr District -fl
Seneca County
Clinton Township
FP
UC
CO
CO
PP 3-15-68 Extended sched-le
FP 3-15-69 to 5-71 to start UC
CO 9-15-70
FP l-15-6'!~. Building freeze ordered 5
CO 1969 to 10-70 for start UC
FP 11-15-67 Permit in process
co 1968
•50
Huron River
'uroi;
Ml Ian
Monroevjlie
Norwalk
Plymouth
PP UC PP 6-15-67 Extended schedule to
FP 6-15-6F: PP 6-1-70
CO 11-15-70 FP 6-1-71
CO 12-1-72
CO Bids 3-22-67
UC(?) CO PP 6-15-67 Financing arranged
FP 6-15-6
-------
NORTH CENTRAL OHIO APEA (Cont'd)
76
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedi le
Remarkc
Months Behind
Original
Schedi.! le
10 (Cont'd)
Blac< Rjver
Avon
Lorm'n
PP
UC
CO
UC
FP 6-15-68 Buildinf-: freeze
CO 12-15-69 Ordered to complete PP
and authnri ze FP for
laterals and arrange for
?P for French Creek STP
PP 3-15-67
FP 6-20-6',
CO 12-15-
State concerned about
j nf' Itrati on r>rob] em
23
"rail Tributaries to JLake Erie
Ar;he-~t PP UC
Bellevut-
Green r.prJngs
UC
UC
Erae Covirty
Perkins-Msrgaretta SD UC
Subdi strict B
CO
CO
CO
PP 12-1.S-6? Ordered to Rubr.lt
FP 12-15-6- PP by h-r'')
CO 6-15-70
CO 9-1-69 F.xtended ^fhedvle
to 2-r'l for CO
FP 7-15-67 Extended schedule to
CO 12-15-66 1-71 for CO
No schedule Ordered to r'-70
to continue UC
PP early 67 F arranged
FP 8-1-68 Permit to be issued
CO 12-15-69 when UC is started
Direct to Lake Erie
Avon Lake
UC UC PP Early 67 Extended schedule
FP 2-15-6o to U-71 for CO
CO 1970
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construct! on
CO = Complete construction
-------
NORTH CENTRAL OHIO AREA (Cont'd)
77
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
OHIO (Cont'd)
Direct to Lake Erie (Continued)
CandusKy F UO
Eri-~ County
E. trie Co. Sewer &
waj . D' c~t . Rugbies
B«= n c h -Mitt i we ripa
CO
PP early 6? F arranged
FP 6-30-68 Permit to 3-71 for
CO 11-30-70 start UC
TP 3-1-67 Ordered to UC by
FP i1-1-68 2-10-70
co 12-15-69
1?
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete oonstructi on
r _r
-------
78
G R F A T E R
CLEVELAND-AKRON
AREA
D-l
-------
GREATER CLEVELAND-AKRON AREA
79
Status
Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks
Months Behind
OrJ £Jnal
Schedule
M dJHri.rc He-'»hts
•forth R-.yslton
Olmsted Fallr
?-;,ror ft"'; "> IP
Cvy -i1:079 Oo\m. y
Mi dole burr Htr.rp
CO CO CO 6-1-69
FP UC FP l-l-6h' -iiildine freeze.
CO lP-31-^0 Ordered to complete
FP by '•1.-~n
Plans for n\'tr;ont
r emova 1 due ]'.'•- 1 s - 70
(3ee Cuyshoga Co. - ^.i
F -
r Hts. rr>)
FP
Sever Dlrtrict ;, 60
Wc-ct PIver f.uh.djv.
S-wc^ Distrjct ;>'0
Vect 1'iew Pork
ru>-div.
Medina County
S. ver 1)1 3 trivet ,//9
-y T5l;e Estates
Fewer OiuLriot /'ll
pv Hores Sul'div.
PP = Pre];T'nsry plans
FP = Final plane
UJ - U -3er c-u&tru'^ "i nn
C^ - ''o.ral^te co.:.eli-,.'''tion
CO
No schedule TJuildin?; freeze ,' ti SD
ordo^ed to ' - ~'r'i tn r-or'
plete lepa ! steps 1'-r
F of SP '•> a;;d nlace UC
Advert i se
for t'ds
BuiLdinr freeze -
ordered to h~''1 for
F^ end stort 11C
Bide '*--9-67 Zx^^rded s;: edcle to
CO 12-6- • -','0 for CO
PP 3-1-67
FP 6-1-67
CO 12-6.
D-?
-------
80
i f IS >-Kr
Or'f'rsl
:<-!.p;l .I-
c-vAo-.l (Fcn-tl>erly)
KiidLef'i Id
Kunroc Falls
Korthfield
Solon
UC
F:'
CO
pp -.-. Preliminary plans
FP - Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO -- Complete construction
CO
CO
CO
FT ',-1..' Ix+eidod
-------
GREATER CLEVELAND-AKRON AREA (Cont'rl)
81
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
M-ntlis Behind
Oripi nal
Schedule
IG (Port'd)
Cuyol n.^a R^ ver (Continued)
Ciiynhorra County
Brer-Ksville SD #13
Southern Estates
Brecksville SD #13 FP
(Ereoksville )
Portage County
furore Acres CD
Ravenne 3D #1
Lake view Gardens Allot.
Shalert?ville SD #2
"Rolingl-rook Allot.
Strcetsboro SD #2
Rolling Hills Acres
Summit County
Munroe Falls SD
Plant ^11
Northampton SB-Plant #2 -
Hidden Valley Subdiv.
Northampton SD-Plsnt #3 -
ge Su"bdiv.
CO
Northoast SD-P]ant #9
Macedonia Estates
Stow Twp. SB-Plant #^
PP 12-5-67 FP due P-lr.-70
Part of Mud Exempt from permit
Brook Pro- (trio, to Akron)
,1ect.
PP -- Prrliminary plans
FP ^ Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
-------
GREATER CLEVELAND-AKRON AREA (Cont'd)
82
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
OHIO (Cont'd)
Jhar.rin R:;ver
Aurora UC
Gesuga County
BainV.ridge Twp. GD --f2
Raveirwood Sifod i v.
EainU-idge Two. SD #3 UC
CO FP ^-15-67 Extended schedule to
CO 10-15-69 U-70 for CO
No schedule
Permit bo ?-71
to start UC for sowers
end complete agree-
ments to connect, to
'n Fails
Direct to Lake Erie
Cleveland (Easterly)
UC
UC
Cleveland (Westerly)
Euclid
FP
PP
UC
UC
Cuyahoga County
Rocky River SD ^'
FP
CO
PT - Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Fine n 21 np,
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
FP 6-6C-.
CO 9-70
FP 6-69
CO 12-71
PP 5-1-67
FP 6-1-68
co 6-30-70
PP early 67
FP 6-15-67
co 9-15-69
Extended schedule 1
Completion by 1-73 in-
cluding advanced waste
treatment (to start con-
struction on secondaries
early 70)
Extended schedule 10
Completion by 7-73 in-
cluding advanced waste
treatment
Extended schedule to 36
10-15-70 for completion
of pilot plant, author-
ization of FP for improve-
ments to STP and FP for
additional sludge disposal
Extended schedule to 35
12-70 for start UC
D-:
-------
83
NORTHEAST
OHIO
AREA
-------
84
NORTHEAST OHIO AREA
Status
Actual
Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Orj pins!
Schedule
"10
Grand River
Fairoort Harbor
Grand Rivrr
Cruell
Pa-' nes v il le
CO
FP
Lokr County
Concord 3D
Little Mtn Pork
Gubdiv.
Leroy 3D
Sunshine Acres Subdiv.
Mlloughby-Mentor SD
French Hollow Estates
Trumbull County
V.'arren Champion "D
Subdistrict 1-A
Durst Allotment
UC
CO
CO
UC
PP 7-15-67
FP 5-15-6^
CO 10-11-70
FP 12-1S-67
CO 12-15-69
FP 3-15-67
CO 11-15 -6>.
PP 12-31-67
FP 9.30-61".
CO 12-31-70
Building freeze -
ordered 9-70 to com-
plete negotiations with
Psinesville or aiithori ze
FP (no PP submitted)
Extended Schedule to
complete legal steps to
tie Into county system
Build:np, freeze - 19
ordered to 9-70 for FP.
F and start UC
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
E-?
-------
NORTHEAf.T OHIO AREA (ConL'd)
85
Stains Ori[--j na 1
Actiu I Scheduled Schedule
R- marks
Months Behind
Or: pi rial
Scbedi'le
T0 (Cont'd)
Smell Tributaries to Lake Erli
Conneout FP
Madipon
Lrake County
Paines-Mile SD ,-3
Villa Rjo Suhdiv.
VIllou^hhy-Mentor SD
French Hollow
Kstate s //P
CO
CO
CO
pp 3-15-67
FP 1-15-66
co 10-15-69
CO 6-67
Extended schedule
to 8-70 for FP
Direct to Lake Erie
.shtaLiila
Geneva-on-the-Lake
Lake County
Madison CD ,7!
FP
Willoughby (liastleko) FP
FP
WilloughLy-Mentor SD PP
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
CO
UC
UC
UC
PP 3-15-6"
FP 6-is-68
co 10-30-70
PP 6-1S-67 Extended schedule to
FP 6-15-6o 12-70 for FP
co 12-15-69
PP ^-15-67 Ordered to 1-71 for
FP 7-15-6fi FP & F
CO 7-15-70
PP 1-1-68
FP 1-1-69
CO 1-1-71
PP 1-1-6C
FP 1-1-69
CO 1-1-71
Extended schedule
to 10-70 for FP
Extended schedule
to 6-70 for PP
22
16
-------
86
AREA
F-l
-------
87
Status
Scheduled
Origins!
Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
Aon
Erie (STP)
(Bay-front
sewer)
FP
Expansion for part of
Hamirenni 11 wastes, addi-
tional Era* load 8-, correc
tions to interceptor.
Girard
CO
CO
Bids 6-15-67
Start CO
8-30-67
CO 8-30-68
Lake City
North East
Does not meet Conference
requirements currently.
Hydraulically overloaded.
Additions to "be completed
by 11/1/71.
Alpine Manor
Fair-view Twp.
CO
- Preliminary plans
. ' = Final plans
/ = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO * Complete construction
F-2
No schedule
* Conference held June k, 1968:
Scheduled completion date 12/15/70.
Conference held June 27, 1969:
Tentative schedule, not approved.
Plans submitted by 2/2;>/70.
Const, completed by 12/31/71.
Present schedule:
Final plans being revised.
Expect approval by 5/29/70
Construct.'completion by 2/15/72.
** Conference held «: -aie 27, T 1969lQ /~~
Plans to be submitted b; 2/20/fu,
Construction to be started bv 5/27/70.
Presently in legal action.
New schedule exacted Q-1-70.
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
88
Months Behind
Origins!
Schedule
Behrend Center
Penn State Univ.
riarborcreek Twp.
Conneaut Valley Union -
Joint Elem. School
Spring Twp.
Erie County
Feirviev Twp.
Fairview School
Fairview Twp.
Fairview Twp.
Industrial Develop-
ment Corp.
Georgetown
McKean Twp.
.'? = Preliminary plens
i?P = Final plans
? = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO * Complete construction
F-3
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
89
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
-•ene Tvp.
...ool
Wattsburg
Elem.
Harborcreek Tvp.
School
Hovard Johnson
Motor Lodge
Summit Twp.
P-^ble Oil &
ining Co.
McKean Twp.
Interpace Corp.
Fairview Twp.
Kahwa Club
Fairview Twp
UC
CO
Preliminary plans
Final plans
Financing
Under construction
Complete construction
F-U
-------
90
Months Behind
Status Origins! Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks Schedule
:shore Country Club
i'airviev Twp.
Larry's Truck Stop
(Lawrence Boyd)
North East Twp.
Mums Motel
North East Twp.
C lale Corp.
(Holliday Inn)
Summit Twp.
Poplar White Thru
Way
McKean Twp.
Presque Isle
State Park
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO * Complete construction
F-5
-------
91
Months Behind
Status Original Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks Schedule
B ^el Convalescent
Home
Summit Twp.
Summit School Diet.
Summit Twp.
Talarico Truck Stop
Springfield Twp.
1 race Rest.
(Boyd C. Chivers)
Fairview Tvp.
Traveler's Rest.
Summit Twp.
Wenner's Esso Station -
(Humble Oil Co.)
Fairview Twp.
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO * Complete construction
F-6
-------
_Stetus
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
92
Months Behind
Origins!
Schedule
V
-------
93
NEW
AREA
G-l
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
94
Months Behind
Origins!
Schedule
cton (V)
FP&F
CO
PP 5-1-66 Negotiating with Pi ire
FP 7-1-67 Waters Authority
co 9-1-69
•Depew (v)
FP
CO
FP 2-1-68 Agreement reached to
CO 1-1-70 connect into Buffalo
Sewer Authority System
27
Dunkirk (c)
FP
CO
PP 5-1-68 Extended schedule to
CO 12-31-69 00 by 1-1-71
Dunkirk Conference
Grounds
No schedule Awaiting Dunkirk(c)
sewer districts
Fredonia, (•/)
FP
UC
FP 1-21-69 Ifo new schedules.
CO 1-2-71 Recent agreement for
Preparation of final plans.
Holy Cross Gemina'ry
No schedule Awaiting Dunkirk(c)
aewer di stri cts.
r.o-^v,cr (v)
FP
CO
FP 1-1-67 Agreement reached to
CO'6-1-68 cjonnect into Buffalo
Sewer Authority system.
>P = Preliminary plans
•T « Fini
-------
95
f.tatus
Actual
Scheduled
Months Behind
Original Original
Schedule Remarks Schedule
Nc i Collins (V)
PP
CO
pp.9-1-68
CO 3-1-70
Considering legal
action.
20+
Jlorth Collins (T) PP
Lowtons (il)
CO
FP 1+-1-68 Erie County directed to
CO 12-31-69 take corrective action
.for residential area.
Ripley Sever District PP
Ripley (l)
•No schedule
Silver C:.T-' (
CO
CO
FP 11-65
co 3-67
Tentative schedule:
Preliminary Plans 6-1-70
Final Plans 10/70
Start Construction 2/71
Complete con?t. 12/71
FP
CO
FP. 6-1-68 Plans to include
CO 12-31-69 Treatment of wastes from
3 grape processors.
23
PP o Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F • Financing
UC • Under construction
CO • Complete construction
0-3
-------
96
OIF1
DEPARTME?:: - THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL tor. ,^R QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
LAKE ERIE 3ASIN OFFICE
GRE/-7 LAKES REGION
JU\:! 3, 1970
-------
97
LAKE ERIE BASIN
INDUSTRIAL COMPLIANCE REPORT
June 3, 1970
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
GREAT LAKES REGION
LAKE ERIE BASIN OFFICE
-------
98
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SU1£IARY i
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN A-l
MAUME3 RIVLR BASIN B-l
-T^>—— - - r-~i~~m'r~' ^ T ^ ~—'f~\ p _T
i; wi i - oT- L-JJ ^. a. iX-"~* uwii—u L/x
CR2/SER CLEX'SLAICD-AKRON D-l
NORTHEAST OHIO E-l
PENNSYLVANIA ?-I
HEW YORK C-l
-------
LAKE ERIE BASIN
INDUSTRIAL COMPLIANCE REPORT
As of 5/1/70
(As Reported "by State Health Departments)
99
In the March 2.2, 1967 Lake Erie Enforcement Conference Proceedings, 192
industries were listed as to adequacy of treatment and requirements and
schedules for improving treatment facilities where necessary.
The following table summarizes the schedules as shown in the proceedings;
Subbasin
S. E. Michigan
Maumee River
N. C. Ohio
Greater Cleve-
.Akron
N. E. Ohio
Pennsylvania
New York
TOTAL
Total
Indus- Adequate
tries_ Facilities
No. Industries Scheduled for
Established Completion by
Schedules 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
29
k&
19
36
16
20
2k
.
19
2
3
5
17
4
.
1
1
1
1
1
7_
7
7
k
•~r
5
-
1
13
15
6
11
3
1
-
P
LJ
6
6
lU
2
-
6
192
50*
12
31
*0f the 50 industries considered adequate,, 9 are now required
to provide additional facilities.
Following is a table summarizing by subbasin the status of industries in
complying with the established schedules as shown in the March proceedings:
Subbasin
S. E. Michigan
Maumee River
N. C. Ohio
Greater Cleve-
Akron
N. E. Ohio
Pennsylvania
New York
Total
29
29
17
33
11
3
20_
No
Schediile
_
1
1
1
1
1
7
Completed
25
19
7
21
7
1
3_
Presently
Meeting
Schedule
_
-
-
-
_
-
3
Not Meeting
Intermediate
Phase
_
-
-
-
_
1
-
Schedule
Final
Phase
k
9
9
11
3
-
7
TOTAL
12
83
-------
100
As can "be seen by comparing the two tables above, 6870 of the industries
scheduled for completion by December 31, 19^9 actually completed their treat-
ment facilities. At least 19 industries that have completed construction will need
additional treatment improvements.
Presently there are 50 industries still in some intermediate phase of their
improvements. Only 3 are meeting their original schedule.
Subbasin
S. E. Michigan
Maumee River
N. C. Ohio
Greater Cleve-
Akron
N. E. Ohio
Pennsylvania
New York
TOTAL
Present Phase
PP FP UC CO
1
3
k
3
9
8
On
Time
25
20
1
22
1
2
5 16 29 92
_3_
3
No
Schedule
1
1
1
1
1
12
Up to One
Year Behind
3
2
Over One
Year Behind
9
6
9
1
6
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under Construction
CO » Complete construction
ii
-------
101
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA
A-l
-------
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA
Status Original
Schedule Remarks
Actual Scheduled
102
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
Allied Chemical Corp.
Semet-Solvay Div. CO CO
Detroit
Solvey Process Div. CO CO
Detroit
American Cement Corp. CO CO
Peerless Div.
Detroit
Consolidated Packaging Corp.
North Side Plant - CO
Monroe
South Side Plant - CO
Monroe
Jarling & Company CO CO
Melvindale
!<;. I. duPont de CO CO
Nemours & Co., Inc.
Ind. & Biochem. Div.
Ecorse
Firestone Tire & CO CO
Rubber Co.
Steel Prod. Div.
Riverviev
FP 5-1-66
CO 4-1-67
FP 11-1-66
CO U-l-68
FP 5-1-66
CO 5-1-6?
PP 1-1-67
FP 1-1-68
CO 1-1-69
PP 1-1-67
FP 1-1-68
co 1-1-69
FP 11-1-66
co 11-1-67
FP 4-1-66
CO 4-1-67
FP 11-1-66
co 11-1-67
Performance variable.
Improvements in
operation being made.
Ceased operations
Not meeting con-
ference requirements.
Additional improve-
ments necessary.*
To connect to Monroe
ETP (See Monroe-City)
To connect to Monroe
STP (See Monroe-City)
16
16
Ceased operations
Hauling pickle liquor
away
^Revised schedule - PP 6-1-70
FP 7-1-70
CO 2-1-71
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC » Under construction
CO = Complete construction
A-2
-------
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA (Cont'd)
103
Status
Months Behind
Origins!
Actual Scheduled
"ord Motor Co. .
Monroe Plant CO CO
Rouge Plant
Dearborn
Other than CO CO
Iron & Sus-
pended solids
Iron CO CO
Suspended Solids CO CO
Great Lakes Steel
CO" Plot Strip Mill CO CO
Ecorse
Schedule
FP 12-1-66
CO 12-1-68
FP 10-1-66
CO 3-1-68
FP 3-1-6?
co 3-1-69
FP 3-1-6T
co 6-1-69
FP 11-1-66
CO U-l-68
Remarks Schedule
.
Substantial com-
pliance
—
Not meeting conference
requirements. Addi-
tional improvements
necessary
Soluble oil problem
Steel Rolling Mill
Ecorse
Other than acid CO
&, iron
Acid and iron CO
Blest Furnace CO
River Rouge
CO FP 11-1-66 Soluble oil problem
CO U-l-68
CO FP 12-1-67 Pickle liquor to
CO 4-1-69 Detroit STP
CO FP 11-1-66 Additional treatment
CO U-l-68 needed.*
*Revised schedule - PP 9-1-70
FP 5-1-70
CO 5-1-72
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
A-3
-------
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA (Cont'd)
104
Status
Months Behind
Original
Actual Scheduled
.icLouth Steel Corp. CO CO
Trenton
Mobil Oil Company CO CO
Trenton
Monsanto Co.
Trenton Plant CO CO
Trenton Resins Plant CO CO
Pennsalt Chem. Corp.
East Plant CO CO
Wyandotte
West Plant CO CO
hiverview
Revere Copper & Brass, CO CO
Inc.
Schedule Remarks Schedule
FP 11-1-66 Additional treatment
CO U-l-68 needs being in-
vestigated
FP 11-1-66 Additional treatment
CO 11-1-6T needs (non-conference)
PP 11-1-6?
FP 8-1-68
co 11-1-69
PP 11-1-66
FP it-1-67
CO U-l-66
FP 11-1-66
CO U-l-68
FP 11-1-66
CO U-l-68
FP 11-1-66
CO 11-1-67
Detroit
Scott Paper Co.
Detroit
(For BOD)
(For Solids)
Time Container Corp.
Monroe
Monroe Paper Products
Div.
CO
CO
CO PP 1-1-68 Pulping operation
FP 1-1-69 ceased
CO 1-1-70
CO FP 5-1-67 Paper mill wastes
CO 5-1-68 to Detroit STP
CO PP 1-1-67 To connect to Monroe
FP 1-1-68 STP
CO 1-1-69 (See Monroe-City)
16
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
TIC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
A-U
-------
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AREA (Cont'd)
105
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
'Jnion Bag -Camp Corp.
Monroe
CO PP 1-1-6?
FP 1-1-68
CO 1-1-69
To connect to
Monroe STP (See
Monroe -City)
16
Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.
Wyandotte CO
(North and South Works)
CO
FP 11-1-66
CO k-l-6Q
Some operation
problems--improve •
ments being made
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under Construction
CO = Complete construction
A-5
-------
106
M A U M E E
RIVER
BASIN
AREA
B-l
-------
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AREA
107
Status Origins!
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Origins!
Schedule
INDIANA
St. Marys River
Central Soya Co.Inc.
Decatur
St. Joseph River
Auburn Tankage Co.
Auburn
Plant closed
County Line Cheese Co.
Auburn
Crane, Edmund Corp.
Butler
Kitch&n Quip, Inc.
Waterloo
•techier & Sons, Inc.
St. Joe
PP
CO CO 12-68
Unfavorable court de-
cision thwarted state
enforcement action
16
T. H. Products Corp.
Waterloo
Universal Tool &
Stamping Co.
Butler
Warner-Motive Div.
Borg-Warner Corp.
Auburn
CO
CO
CO CO 12-68
CO
PP 3-2-6?
CO 12-68
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
B-2
-------
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AREA (Cont'd)
108
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
(Cont'd)
Maumee River
Dana Corp,, Salisbury
Div.
Fort Wayne
Essex Wire Corp.
Fort Wayne
Franke Plating
Works, Inc.
Fort Wayne
General Plating &
Eng., Inc.
Fort Wayne
Gladieux Oil
Refining Inc.
Fort Woyne
Goodrich, B.F., Co.
Woodburn
International Har-
vester Co.
Fort Wayne
IT&T Federal
Laboratories
Fort Wayne
Magnavox Co.
Fort Wayne
UC CO CO 12-68
rr co PP k-67
CO 12-68
co co 12-68
Completion expreted
by 6/70
16
State held enforcement 36
hearing 2-4-70, recommend-
ed order be..' np> prepared
by Bd. to order prepara-
tion of plans and con-
struction of adequate
facilities.
Sanitary wastes
16
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CC = Complete construction
B-3
-------
'MTKI' FIVER BAP IN ARKA (Oont'rl)
109
3101.1.5 Or-5 g i no 1
ie] . cl billed Schedule
Ifoni'rs Beh;n<"!
Or : final
Remark;
Ii.TiI.A-, -. (Cont'd
V.-r , 'pp j-ilver (Gont '3;
Prirvol Pocking
Co., Inc.
Fort ..'^y.ip
CO 12-6."
P1,p]pr; Dodfje Copper
Products
Tor'. . '=y:ie
'/,o Liner Corp.
0"T()
ze>. :\] "61
Indurl rjp^.lnc-, CO CO
Ixr-orot i v(- Di v.
Gpencerville
(now Ha yp s - -\ 1 !• i on, 0 orp)
( DC c ora t i ve D i v. )
National Refining Co. CO CO
D:v. of As!land Oj1
& Refining Co.
F: iir.ley
PepsJ-Cola Bottling Co. CO CO
Vapakoneta
Republic Creosoting Co. UC CO
Div. of Heilly Tsr &
Chemicnl C'jrp
Li m-
CO 7-L-fcb
FP 9-1-66
CO 6-1-6^
FP 3-1-67
CO 1-1-68
FP 1-1-6F;
co 1-1-69
Do^c not. meet Conference
re qu i reme nt c., Add 1 -
ti'onal faoilitlrs
necessary.
Extended schedule to
9-70 to finslize sever
connection to Lima system
pr, . p • 1.,-,,-r-y T-^n-,
FF ri53 ;,,»;;,*
F - Fi nancinp
UC = Under construct..' on
CO = Complete construction
B-'4
-------
MAUlffiE RIVER B/iSIN ARK A (Cont'd)
110
Kt-.atuF Original
Actual ".crednlert OV.e chile Remarks
Months Beh'nd
Or; p, i ria 1
Schedule
10 (Coiil'd)
Aurla l?.e R' ver ( C ont ' d )
Run i o }":"'•" ion
FP
nohio Cb-^ical Co. CO
(Now r.uUiiv, of Vistron
Standard Oil Co. ) er,
Acrylo rient
Stondnrd Oil Co. CO
Lirr.a Refinery
Vistron Corp. CO
( formerly Sohio Chein.Co.)
Walter '; Hons, Inc. CO
V/apokoneta
CO
CO
FP ''-1-67
co i-i-6:-
FP 1-1-6F
co 1-1-69
Extended schedule to
9-71' to connect 1o
Pandora system
PI
CO CO 2-1-67
In-plant
controls
1-1-68
No schedule
Maugee Fiver
Carnpoell Soup Co. CO
Napoleon
Central Foundry Div. CO
CMC, Defiance Plant
Clevite Corr, CO
Harri ~ Divi?;on
", - -""re.,. Plor.t
(Now CuulQ, Ir.c.-;
Edgerton Metal Prod. CO
Inc.
Kdpert on
CO FP l-6h
co 7-1-69
CO
CO
CO
CO 7-1-67
F? 7-1-67
CO 7-1-6;-
CO 7-1-61
?P = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO - Complete construction
B-r
-------
MAUMEF RIVER BASIN AREA (Cont'd)
111
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Oi'i p;inel
Schedule
liaumce River (Cont'd)
D'v. FP
CO
Dyn a ve s '. C o rn .
Napoleon
Inter Jake Steel Corp.
Toledo
John s -Manv ; lie Fil er
Glars, Inc., Flant ,<;3
Defiance
Johns -Manv i lie Fiber
Glass, Inc. ,
Waterville Plant
L.i bby-McNe i 11 & Libby
Lei psic
S. K. Wayne Tool Co.
Defiance
Weetherhead Co.
Ohio Division
Antwerp
CO
CO
UC
Schedule extended to
v-70 to connect to
Napoleon or rubrelt FP
and start UC
CO FP 7--'-^"
CO l-\'Cfl.
UO FP s-i-6r
co .-.'-1-69
CO CO C-l-67
CO CO 12-1-66 Does not meet Conference
requirements. Additions]
treatment necessary.
CO FP 6-1-67
CO K-l-67
FP 3-1-67
CO 1-1-68
FP 6-1-67
CO 9-1-66
Extended schedule to 5-70 2
for connection to Defiance
system.
Operatjons not adequate
Ottawa River (Ten Mile Ck)
Dana Corp. CO
Toledo Di'r.
CO CO 12-1-66 Investigating need
for oil removal facilities
Smsll Tributaries to Lake Erie
Doehler-Jervis Di\-.
Kational Lead Co.
Toledo Plant /"2
CO
CO FP 6-1-67
CO 6-1-6"-
PP = Prelirn.'nary plan:
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
-------
112
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AREA (Cont'ri)
M' nths Behind
Status Original Oric'insi
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks Schedule
10 (Cont'd)
Tributaries to lake Erie (Cont'd)
Hirzel Canning Co. CO CO CO B-l-67
i'lsst Toledo
t,il by-Owns-Ford FP CO FP 10-1-6? Extended schedule to
Glnpr Co, CO 1-1-69 ^-70 for FP enri UC
"ant Toledo Flnni
Stgnde'-ri Oil Co. CO CO FP 1-1-6-
Toledo R'-'fLnery CO if--'iJ-r.9
Toledo :>ale, Div. of CO CO PP 7-1-67
Toledo Scale C.rrp. nO ~.\-f.c
Toledo
(nc.w Reliance Electric)
PP = Preliminary plans
FP - Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
B-7
-------
113
NORTHCENTRAL OHIO AREA
C-l
-------
114
NORTHCENTRAL OHIO AREA
Status
Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks
Months RHi'nd
Ori f, i na 1
Schedule
TO
Uprv-f) Mir:: ?.: Mfr. Cc. UC
!o::toria
:>,;] it & Co. UC
For tor:a
CO
FP 1-1-Sb
CO 1-1-69
co co 6-1-67
Extended schedule
to 7-TO for CO
Extended schedule
until sewer available
l6
Northern OV'o Curor Co.
Frr Y'
UC CO FF 12-31-6^ Extended schedule
CO 12-31-69 until sever available
No schedule Will connect ^c
Attica sewers when
' <••] L inore .•".- CM o
^1le^ ' ''"• Corp.
Horr"1':; DLvlcio.i
;:ili.:i Float
(r.c.v GoulJ, Inc.
CC
CO FP 7-1-67
CO 7-1-6? to CC ty
CO FP 7-1-67
CC 7-1-65
k River
t.i'p. Co.
Lodi
CO
CO
CO 7-1-66
ic ,:teel Corp.
f. TuLec niv.
CO
CC
FP 6-1 -CL
co 12-31-69
'eriir tc-ct I>Lv.
tn^rtil rot ">.-s Jorp.
co ]i-is-6z
ouJti r C^erations
Lor? in
Study Report Extended to ?-7"! for
6-1-67 CO for V.lsr.t ^urr.oce
co 12-31-69
FIJ -= Final plans
i1 - Fi >r n" uijr
UC -- Uruit- r conrtruct j on
CC -- Connie I.: couc.tnvrt ' on
C-2
-------
OHIO AREA (Ccnt'd)
115
ot-s-t.-js Original
Actual Cci'eduled Schedule
K nthi; r/'iiJuJ
Original
.ol3 "j .'Lbnto:''-:.- to
.••'•!- •:1p,-:f nil A, Inn FP
.rri Co;
-,le
FP 2-1-c.T
CO 2-1-6'
FP 6-i-c
cc 6-1-6-
co 9-1-69
Ke-Tri:;r to sbow cause,
and desi~t order
1 s-ied Vy OVJPCL n-10-T:
detail -plan? Vy C-V0
-d Pc-hed\;lr
sevrer ovall&L3e
CO FP 3-1-67 To '.-onr.t^t 1o county
CO ;.-!—'i? :;cwer cycterri vhcn
available
co
UC CO
linit^.i "taren Gypsi;:-, Cc. CO CO
United States Pi.Vr-er "c. CO CO
Port. Clinton
FP 6-1-67
co 6-1-6C
FP 9-1-C'C
co 12-31-69
CO 7-15-66
Extended nhedv.le to
ft-70 for CO
-'r'e
Illur. Cc,.
Avo.) P.' ant
CO
FP 7-1-67
CO 7-l-6c
Ext.prded Schedule to
3-71 to CO
PP = Preliin.J nary plans
FP - Fins]
UC - Under co tint ruction
CO -- "ur.Ble-t-r construction
C-3
-------
116
GREATER CLEVELAND-AKRON AREA
D-l
-------
GREATER CLEVELAND-AKRON AREA
117
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
10
Rocky River
AM.oria Plating Corp.
Brook Park
UC
CO
FP U-l-67
co 1-1-6?:
Extended schedule
until sewer available
(being rebuilt)
River
Pa i ley Wall Paper Co.
Cleveland
Cuyahoga Meat Co. CO CO
Cleveland
Pi amend Crypts 1 CO CO
So It Co.
Akron
DaPont, E.I. deNemours CO CO
& Co., Inc.
Ir>d. & Biocherr-. Dept.
Cleveland
Ferro Chemical CO CO
Biv. of Ferro Corp.
Bedford
Firestone Tire &. CO CO
Rubber Co.
Akron Plant
General Tire & Rubber CO CO
Co.
Akron Plant
Goodrich, B. P., FP CO
Rubber Co.
Akron Plant
Goodyear Aerospace CO CO
Corp.
Akron
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CC - Complete construction
To relocate Closed dcwn
by 7-1-6?
FP 4-1-67
CO 6-1-6&
FP 6-1-67
CO 1-1-6-r,
CO 8-1-66
FP 10-1-66
CO U-l-67
FP 1-1-68
CO 1-1-69
FP 1-1-68
CO 1-1-69
FP 1-1-66
CO 1-1-69
FP 6-1-67
CO 6-1-68
Extended schedule for
FP & CO by 10-70
26
n-p
-------
GREATER CLEVELAND-AKRON AREA (Cont'ri)
118
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
OHIO (Cent M
(Cont'd)
Goodyear Tire & Rubber
CO
Akron I'lar.t
Farr.haw Chemical Co.
Cleveland
Jones C-, Lnuphli.i St^el
Con?.
(Steel-Acid Iron)
Cl, vf.l&nd
(. teel-Bloct Furnace
Cleveland
(Steel-HI 11 Scale)
Cleveland
j?'Ki5 A.'pbali, Co., Inc.
": '.i ''Or.
jcter \nodizero K
-f r. " " T >- ~
31.< ' . 0^ J.H- .
PeJ
publio Steel Corp.
sort $, nut njv.
Clev lyn.l
C]e-vt-la_'r] Pirtrlct
(.Uvel-Acjfi Iron)
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
FP 1-1-68
co 1-1-69
FP 7-1-6? Extended schedule for
CO 12-31-60 FP Sc CO Vy 3-71
FP 6-1-67 Additional improvements
CO ' -1-67 necpssar;'. FeiTnit to
2-'/T to eonl inue progrsrr.
for eljn.inatjn^ acid
rince water.
FP 6-1-^c Additional improvements
CO 12-31-69 necessary. Permit to 2-7]
to continue, study for
reduction of solids and
toxic m,"r.stances,
FP 6-1-6'' Additior.el improveiner.ts
CO 1P-31-69 necessary. Permit to 2-"l.
to continue program for
reduction of soil dr. & oils
rr-
CO 7-1-66
FP 1-67
CO 7-1-67
CO 12-31-6'c
FP 6-1-6P
co 12-31-69
co 12-31-69
Iniproverrentt; to lagoon
receossry
Docs not meet CovlPerence -
requirements. Add.iti onol
. r n-"-cesr,rrv.
^PP = Prelir-nrif-ry plr>nr.
i'T - Fiiv 1 pLuPG
F = F?'ii3noir.~
UC = U"id(;.- construction
CO - Complete :• or.-t-noti
D-3
-------
119
OiriTi^ CiHVELAND-AKRON ARFA (Cn
/.ctvol
Original
Schedule
Konthr? Bo'- i m
Original
'0 (Oont'd)
u;, |i'<-\'^ M.lvc.r (Oor.tY;'
ur;
CO
FP 6-l-6e Extended schedule h
CO l?-31-6^ to CO Vy c'-70 (Coke
plant to co to C3-:"el-?nd
sever ryrteri)
FP 6-1-6*. Part o" ?:"t >"•• ,rjlj '':
CO 12-3J-69 mill cxpnr^i^n -
CO expertC'l -5' i ii'.c.j' "'CJ
CO 1-30--6? Exl.endel s:'rpi'.l- t.o lc,
6-1-70 tc ' or.nci t lo
1'ud Brc'O!; Tntercerito;-
00 6-1-67
,'ncrv ' ,\ ,:-: 11 'arar;
.1 nneeu 0" 1 !.' 11
No schedule
'-,. C.tcel Corp.
enl./sl Farnor-er
(oterl-^lrist I' urn. )
FP 6-i-6f
co 12-31-69
Centre 1 F"rnacr"3
(Sle c~( 7iu L-GeVci^e
Clevelsnd
CuyahO'-fa '.orkc
(,°teeL-Ar--;u Iron)
Clove Is iid
Gi;yai:ors "'orl-c:-
(3toel-;.:ill !••
Cleveland
CO
CO
CO
:.•« l.h^r-Titr Co.
CIPvelari
PP = plir.iinary pinna
FP - Fjial plans
F = Financing
UC -_- Under conrtruction
CO = Conpletr construction
CO CO 12-fc-66
PP 11-66
F? 3-6?
CO 1P-6S
PP 11-66
FP 3-67
co i2-6<(,
00
FP 10-66
co 7-67
-------
GREATKr? CLEVKLAWD-AKHON ARiA
120
tatus
Gcheduled
Original
Schedule
K'. ,narks
Month: "vhj
Ori pi rial
Cchedule
(rout ?d)
hor.rl-' River
:ipi r'lnnd tv tal
leoni "if C'~ ,
TIC
CO FF 6-1-68 r'xtemied snhed-'lp to
CO 12-31-69 h-70 for FP
CC FP (;-l-67 Extended sc-bedule
CO Y-l-6 , to CO ny 10 -TO
nr. PrrJ ,etr. Inc.
CO
7F 7-1-07
CO 1-1-68
lUreot to Lake l>'r'-c-
Clevclpncl :-'ilectri c Ilium. Co.
'.,'• ,•!(-;•" y^r^ UC
i:ic\elon:i
Corp.
TRW, Incorporated
Kjolid
UC
CO FP 1P-67
CO 10 -6'c
CO FP 7-67
CO k-6i
Extended schedule to
CO sorr.e tir^r- ir 1971
Extended scl-iedule to
'(•-71 to continu0
conntructlon
19
CO FP U-l-67
CO 12-1-67
CO FP 12-1-66 Extended schedule to
CO 1-1-69 CO of platir.c vaster
and fnfomit FP & CO for
wastes from vapor olact
operation by 1-71.
\6
PP - Preliminary plans
FP - Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete fonsl-.ruct.ion
-------
121
NORTHEAST OHIO AREA
-------
NCRTHEAST OHIO AREA
122
s Original
cheduled Ce'nedule
Remark;;
I'onths Behind
Or:' ginoT.
Schedule
0T'IO
Grcud River
CO
cc
CO
CO
CO l?-6c
?P 3-1-67 riolvay process - doeo
CO 10-1-67 not meet Conference
FP 6-1-67 reni'irrnents. Addition-
CD 6-]-6c al facilities necessar
FP '+-1-67
CO 6-1-67
Closed down
Uniroyyl U.S.Rubber Co. FP
Cremiosl inx . Tlsut Ar^8
, j^
?f i uecvi lie
U S Fibber C». FP CO
Chemiral Div. Plant
li"s:a *'
Painesville
(Uniroyal)
River
Cnbot Titanis Corp. CO CO
Tltenitm D1oxide Plant
Cabot litonia Corp. CO
Titanium Tetrachloride
Uni t
Ashtebula
Detrex Cheni^al Ind. CO CO
Chlorinated Sol-
vents Div.
Ashtsbula
PP _ Preliminary plan?
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC - Under construction
CO = Complete construction
No schedule FP due 6-70
PP 1-1-68 Extended schedule for 19
FP 10-1-68 FP to 6-70. Joint with
CO 12-1-69 Uniroyal Plant #U
co 9-1-66
FP 1-67
co 6-1-67
co 2-1-67
Does not meet
requirements. Industries
in Ashtabula complex inves-
tigating feasibility of
joint treatment faoil^tJe?.
Does not reet Conference
requirements. Industries
in Ashtabula complex inves-
tigating feasibility of
joint treatment facilities.
Does not meet Conference
requirements. Industries
in Ashtabula complex inves-
tigating feasibility of
joint treatment facilitie?.
-------
NORTHEAST OHIO AREA (Cont'd)
123
Status Original
Actual Scheduled Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
Ohio (Cont'd;
Ashtabul3 Hiver_ (Cont'd)
Diamond Alkali Co. CC CO
S^'ini -Works
Ar.htabula
(nov Diamond Shamrock)
Oneral Tire & Rubber CO CO
o., Chemical Div.
Anhtabu la
013 n Mat hie son Chern. CO CO
Corp. TDI I-ncllity
Reo;:tive M« to3.s, Inc. CO CO
Mtjtalsj Reduction Plant
Asl,tabula
Reactive Metalr-, Inc. CO CO
Sc'diujji ?•• Chlorine
Plant
Ashtabuls
CO 9-1-66 Does not meet Conference -
requi rements. Industrjes
in AshtaVulB complex inves-
tigating feasibility of
joint treatment facilities.
CO 12-1-66 Industries in A-htatnla
complex invent3ffbtinp
joint treatment facilities.
CO 12-66 Do-'S not meet Conference -
requirements. Industries
in Ashtsbula complex inves-
tigating feasibility of
joint treatment facilities.
PP 9-1-66 Industries in A /htabuls
FP 6-1-6? complex invest! pet ing joint,
treatment facilities,
CO 10-1-67 Does not meet Conference -
requirements. Industries
in Ashtabula complex inves-
tigating feasibility of
joint treatment faciliti<•--?.
S'noll Tributaries to Lake Erie
True Tempf-r Corp.
Geneva
CO
CO
FP 5-66
CO 6-1-67
Direct to Lake Erie
Cleveland Electric
Ilium. Co.
Aslitabula Plant
IAC Fibers Div.
iidland-Rosc Corp.
FP
PP
"i.. •_ r i -.•• - -^"ar 'Ti'.idc
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F - Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete consti-jction
CO
CO
FP 12-67
CO 12-68
FP 2-1-67
CC 1-1-69
Extended schedule to
3-71 for FP
Significant zinc reduction k
completed. Other in-plant
controls being developed,
terminal treatment facilities
necessary.
= -3
-------
124
PENNSYLVANIA AREA
F-l
-------
125
Xont!-r. ?'.l:'.-
Status Original Qr'^ino?.
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks Schedule
/iliro Packing Co.
Arcrlcan. Sterilizer
.'•^iilcreek Twp.
r .• Brewing Co.
.-..rie
'.e Ceronics
T-lcreek Twp.
ie Reduction CO CO CO 3-1-68
r-ite Corp.
I-'illcrcck Tvp.
f? a Preliminary plens
7? = Final plens
7 = Financing
U? = Under construction
.. '. « Cor.ple'^c- construction
F-2
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
126
Months 2o'..:.n
Origins!
Schedule
rol Electric Co.
.'.rence Park TV?.
Need oil separators and
in-plsnt collection system
Gunnison Brothers
Girard
FP
Secondary treatment
facilities inadequate
Hasnernlll Paper Co.
Erie
UC
uc
FP 2-15-69 Extended schedule to
F 5-15-69 CO by 2-is-72
co 12-15-70
Final plans for Erie
Joint treatment not
submitted.
15
Interlace Steel Corp
Erie
Int. Pipe & Cercuics
Corp.
Fairviev Tvp.
Kaiser Alun. & Chem.
Corp.
Erie
PP = Preliminary plena
F? = Final plans
? = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO « Complete construction
* Contract awarded S/l/70.
F-3
-------
127
Status Original Or: j-.ir.ol
Actual Scheduled Schedule Remarks Schedule
McCoraick, J. Constr. -
C
Nickel Plate Sand
& Gravel
Fairvlew Twp.
Porker White Ketols Co, CO - No schedule
Fairvlev Twp.
Penelec Co.
Erie
Ruberoid Co.
Erie
Sealtect Foods
Springboro
V.'clch Crepe Juice
Co.
North East
W. Ridce Grovel
Girord Tvp.
/? = Preliminary plans
-•T = Final plans
? = Financing
UC a Under construction
CO •= Complete construction ,
-------
128
NEW YORK AREA
G-l
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Reros rk s
129
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
e.-.y Ludluni
St l Corp.
-nk 5 rk (C}
CO
CO
PP 12-1-66
FP 1-1-6?
co 1-1-69
Aniline Dye Div. UC
(Allied Chcm. Corp.)
Buffalo (C)
UC
FP 1-18-68 Wastes except cooling
CO 1-1-71 water to go into Buffalo
Sewer Authority system
'after pretreatin"nt.
Bet'.l.ahem Steel Co- UC
iana (C)
CO
PP 1-1-67 Projects, except deep
FP 1-1-68 well, expected to "be coin-
CO 1-1-70 pleted "by 7-1-70. Deep
well be' np revieved.
sundry
,r, (C)
CO
CO
No schedule
Donner-Htnna Coke Co CO
Buffsic (C)
PP 10-1-67
FP 10-1-68
co 12-31-69
Treatment facilities
being evaluated.
Eastern Tanners Glue
Div. (Peter Cooper)
Gowande (V)
FP
CO
Pi- 1-1-67 Revised schedule:
FP 6-1-67 Plans due 3/1/70 not
CO 1-1-7^ submitted. Completion
to be by 6/1/71.
?? = Preliminary plans
F? = Final plans
7 = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO « Complete construction
G-2
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
130
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
Great Lakes Printing
.nkirk (c)
General Chemical Div
(Allied Chern. Corp.)
Buffalo (C)
Grovero Co-op
Westfield (V)
FP
CO
PP 6-1-6?
FP 6-1-68
co 12-31-69
Treatment to he prnvi ded
byWestfJeld (v) plant.
Growers & Peckers Co ^> OD* FP
North Collins (v)
PP 3-1-68
FP 3-1-69
CO 4-1-70
Henna Furnace
Lackawanna (c)
No schedule Abated.
Huntley Mfc. Co.
Brocton (V)
OD*
No schedule
Moench Tannery
Gouanda (v)
UC
PP 9-1-67
FP 6-1-68
CO 1-1-71
'FP approved kf23/10
Revised schedule:
CO by 6'l/rn
?P = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO «B Complete construction
G-3
* OD = Operation discontinueu, verehousing onl
-------
Status
Actual Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
131
Months Behind
Origins!
Schedule
Niagara Mohawk
nkirk (c)
Old Dutch Foods
Blasdell (V)
Producers & Growers. Co
North Collins.(v) .
No schedule
[Referred for legal act-ion.
^No discharge to be alloved
Jthis year to North Collins
.system.
R. C. LcAt.-u.
Ripley (?)
CO
No scneuuxe
P ibli^ Steel
^affair, (C)
UC
UC
PP 4-1-67 Construction on bar mills
FP 10-1-68 frrt. facilities completed.
CO 7-1-71 Plans approved 11/7/6.9 for
trt in blast furnace,BOF &
blooming & billet mil] areas.
Seneca Westfield Maid FP CO
Westfield (V)
PP 6-1-67 Treatment to be provided by 23
FP 6-1-68 Westfield(v) municipal
CO 12-31-69 plant.
Silver Creek Preserv- CO
ing Co.
Silver 'Creek (v)
No schedule
PP = Preliminary plans
FP = Final plans
? = Financing
UC s» Under construction
CO « Complete construction
Q-k
-------
132
Status
Actual
Scheduled
Original
Schedule
Remarks
Months Behind
Original
Schedule
Socony Mobil Oil
? felo (C)
PP
CO
FP 10-1-67
co 12-1-69
Report due k/fO not
submitted.
31+
Twin Cities Asphalt
Dunkirk (c)
OD*
No schedule
Welch Grape Juice
Brocton (v)
FP
CO
To cl<•><=<=> 6-67 Submitted plans for
'£>8ekege-type plant.
35+
Welch Grape Juice
FP
CO
PP 3-1-67
FP 12-31-67
co 12-31-69
Treatment to be provided
*"' Westfield (v) plant.
ko
PP = Preliminary plans
F? = Final plans
F = Financing
UC = Under construction
CO = Complete construction
* OD= moved or1
**
•i-ions - no longer discharge
'' ' ••"' fnrthil in 5070
-------
STATUS OF COMPLIANCE OF FEDERAL INSTALLATIONS
HAVING SURFACE WATER DISCHARGES IN THE
LAKE ERIE ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE AREA
132-A
Enf. Conf.
Total Deadline No
Name of
Agency
U.S. Army
U.S. Navy
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Coast Guard
Shore
Vessels
U.S. Corps of
Engineers
Vessels
U.S. Lake Survey
Vessels
NASA
,Shore Installations
Vessels
Instal-
lations
13
1
1
4
4
19
3
2
21
26
Adequate
Facilities
1
1
1
3
2
4
4
for Established
Compliance Schedule
Aug. 1966 4
11 1
If
II
" 6
ii
ii
5
6
Date Scheduled
for Compliance
1970 1971 1972
12
4
12
1
4
4
4
TOTAL
47
11
16
-------
133
G. L. Harlow
MR. HARLOW: Turning to page 1, the report begins
by giving a brief review of the conference proceedings to
date. The initial Lake Erie conference which was held in
Cleveland in August of 1965 listed 2 significant recommen-
dations that were agreed to by the States and the Federal
conferees. These are recommendation No. 7 dealing with
secondary treatment for municipal wastes, including phosphate
removal, and No. 16 dealing with treatment of industrial
wastes.
And then in March of 1967, the conferees reconvened
in Buffalo and came up with a list of schedules for each
city and industry in the Lake Erie Basin that would be
covered by the conference. And on page 3 of the report, it
lists in table form the number of cities and number of
industries that were covered and listed at that March 1967
session in Buffalo.
Just briefly summarizing these 2 tables, the one
on municipalities listed 190 cities covered. Sixty-one had
adequate facilities at that time of March 1967, 19 had not
provided schedules, ten called for completion by 1967; 23
for completion of facilities in 1968; 49 for completion of
facilities in 1969; 23 in 1970; and 4 cities in 1971; and
then one more city in 1972 at which time these recommenda-
tions on municipal waste treatment would be met.
-------
134
G. L. Harlow
And there is a similar table for industries list-
ing 192 industries covered by the conference. Fifty had
adequate facilities, 12 had no established schedules, and
31 called for completion by 1967; 49 in 1968; 42 industries
in 1969; five in 1970; and three in 1971 which would then
complete the abatement facilities for industrial wastes.
And then, at the fourth session of the conference
held in Cleveland in October 1968, the conferees came up
with an additional recommendation regarding phosphate removal,
specifying a level or a percent removal for the cities in
the Lake Erie Basin at 80 percent and also calling for com-
pletion of such facilities to remove phosphates in 1971.
Now, Mr. Stein has previously mentioned that there
will be some workshops where we are supposed to discuss in
detail city by city, industry by industry, those particular
ones in that workshop area that are discharging wastes to
those tributaries. And he has previously mentioned where
these workshops are going to be. And I won't cover that.
The next portion of the report deals with the
general water quality conditions in each one of these work-
shop areas.
And then I would like to skip over, if you will
permit me, to page 8. Here we have listed another table
which contains information regarding municipalities that are
-------
135
G. L. Harlow
listed as needing facilities in the March 1967 session in
Buffalo. And as of May 1, 1970, this table shows that 28
cities have now completed facilities. They are all done.
Four cities still are in some phase of their construction
and are meeting their schedules. Twenty-two cities are
behind in some intermediate phase of their program for
abatement, and 56 cities have missed their final construc-
tion date.
Now, summarizing this table, again, it shows that
78 cities out of 110 that had schedules have fallen behind;
that presently there are 82 cities still in some intermediate
phase of their improvement, and only four are meeting their
original schedules. And as of May 1, 1970, 49 out of 82
cities were over one year behind schedule.
I might add here, however, Mr. Chairman and con-
ferees, that the list of cities as well as those for indus-
tries that are not done is growing smaller. So we are
moving ahead.
Then, my report contains on page 9 a list of the
cities in the Lake Erie Basin State by State that are being
required to remove phosphates at the level of 80 percent to
meet the conference requirements. And beginning on page 11,
I have discussed some of the major cities that are in some
phase of their program around the Lake Erie Basin beginning
-------
136
G. L. Harlow
first with the City of Detroit.
And as previously has been stated, the City of
Detroit is the largest municipality in the Lake Erie Basin.
And you would expect, therefore, that it would also be the
largest discharger of municipal wastes, which it is. They
are presently treating an average dry weather flow, based on
the records we have at the Detroit sewage treatment plant,
of approximately 665 million gallons per day, which makes it
well over twice as big as any other municipal waste treat-
ment plant in the Lake Erie Basin.
And biochemical oxygen demand removal based on
the records provided by the city is approximately 40 percent.
And I have listed the schedule that Detroit has
been given by the conferees for abatement which shows that
according to the original schedule established in March of
1967 or actually established earlier for the Michigan area
that Detroit is supposed to be completed by November 1, 1970.
They are currently removing phosphorus. They are currently
disinfecting, and they have plans for providing more dis-
infection facilities. And I understand they are under con-
struction or beginning construction for expanding to secondary
treatment.
The report from the city of Detroit that we have
reviewed and from the State shows that they will be entering
-------
137
G. L. Harlow
conference requirements and Michigan Water Resources Commis-
sion stipulations by sometime in 1972, but that they will
not completely meet the conference and the State's stipula-
tions until sometime in 1975 or 1976.
Now, continuing on page 13, I have listed Wayne
County, Michigan, which operates a primary treatment plant
at Wyandotte, Michigan. This is the fourth largest treat-
ment plant in the Lake Erie Basin. And, again, we have a
schedule provided for Wayne County plant at Wyandotte show-
ing completion also for November 1, 1970.
The State has approved preliminary plans at this
time for some intermediate facilities to serve until the
city can acquire or the county can acquire land on which to
build an expanded secondary treatment plant. And this
difficulty, I understand, in acquiring the land for the
treatment plant has caused them to fall significantly behind
schedule. In the report I have here, they are supposed to
begin construction on their secondary facilities sometime
in 1971.
The city of Monroe, Michigan, operates a primary
treatment plant at Monroe, discharging to the Raisin River.
And the schedule for completion of that plant to secondary
treatment was May 1, 1969, which was not met. The city and
its surrounding suburbs and its paper mill industry have
-------
138
G. L. Harlow
agreed for joint treatment of all the municipal and
industrial wastes in this area. And I understand that the
time that it took to reach this agreement for combined
treatment was one of the reasons which caused them to fall
behind schedule.
I happen to think that when you have this kind of
an industrial waste like a paper mill waste that is amenable
for treatment in a municipal system that this is the best
way to go.
Fort Wayne, Indiana, on page 15, operates a secon-
dary treatment plant in Indiana discharging to the Maumee
River serving a population of around 200,000. And this
facility was listed in the conference as needing disinfec-
tion or chlorination of the effluent. And our information
that we have shows that they were scheduled to have disinfec-
tion by December 1968, but it still has not been provided.
On page 16, we have listed Euclid, Ohio, which is
a city of about 100,000 directly on Lake Erie immediately
east of Cleveland. Euclid has a population of about 83,000
and operates a primary plant discharging directly to the
lake. They were to be completed with their secondary treat-
ment plant by June of 1970, but Euclid has yet even to draw
preliminary plans on what they plan to do. These preliminary
plans were due in May of 1967, so they are approximately 3
-------
139
G. L. Harlow
years behind.
Euclid has another problem that has been nagging
us from time to time. It has aQproblem of industrial
*-
wastes being discharged to one of its city storm sewers
which have reached the lake from time to time. And at one
time, February 7 and 8, 1970, we had 2 separate fires on the
lake caused by the discharges from these storm sewers.
And on October 24, 1969, our office estimated
10,000 fish, Lake Erie fish, were killed by discharges from
these 2 storm sewer systems. This is the East 22nd Street
sewer and the Babbitt Road sewer in Euclid.
Then going on to Cleveland, Ohio, Cleveland operates
3 treatment plants — the easterly plant, the southerly plant
and the westerly plant. The southerly plant serves about
500,000 people with a flow of about 80 million gallons per
day. And it discharges to the Cuyahoga River. It is a
secondary treatment plant, but needing expansion and needing
waste treatment facilities.
The State has ordered Cleveland to provide temporary
treatment at southerly by January 1973, and to upgrade its
facilities in the meantime to provide phosphate treatment and
disinfection which is a conference requirement. At the
present time, they are not disinfecting, although they do
have plans for doing so this summer. And they are not removing
-------
140
G. L. Harlow
phosphates.
And the easterly plant at Cleveland is also a
secondary plant discharging approximately 123 million gallons
per day directly to the lake. This^plant has also been
required by the State to upgrade secondary facilities to
meet conference requirements and primary treatment and also
additional secondary clarification. And they have fallen
approximately 18 months behind in meeting this commitment.
The westerly plant of Cleveland is a primary plant
which discharges directly into the lake. This is the only
one of the 3 Cleveland plants that has provided disinfection.
They were required to complete facilities in December of
1971. And they have also fallen significantly behind in
doing this.
One of the reasons that they fell behind at this
plant was the change in scheme or concept on how they were
going to design and build the plant. Originally it was
scheduled to be placed on an island in Lake Erie. And later
these plans were abandoned by the city. And now they plan
to construct facilities on shore. This change in plan has
caused them to become delayed.
And we have also some sewer problems in the Cleve-
land area that you may have heard about from time to time.
The conferees have brought up, I know, a number of times the
-------
141
G. L. Harlow
Big Creek sewer which seems to want to break every year in
the spring sometime. And you can almost set your watch by
the time it breaks. I don't think it broke this year,
though. But the city has scheduled a program to completely
replace the troublesome section of the Big Creek sewer by
installing a completely new sewer so that the breaks will
cease.
In the meantime, the last several years, they have
just been patching the troublesome part. They have fallen
behind on construction of this replacement for the Big Creek
sewer as well as another troublesome sewer along the Cuyahoga
River called the Jennings Road sewer which frequently by-
passes to the lower Cuyahoga River municipal waste as well as
oils from the research oil and refining company.
Now, in addition, Cleveland serves 33 suburbs in
its 3 treatment plants. And they have had difficulty getting
the dry weather sewage to the 3 treatment plants because of
the inability of the present sewer system to handle the entire
dry weather flow. And the city has proposed and the State
has approved express sewers to these 33 suburbs or relief
sewers to pick up the wastes and carry them directly to the
treatment plant. And detailed plans were to be drawn for
these sewers by December 1968 and construction started in
July of 1969. To date, they have not drawn detailed plans
-------
142
G. L. Harlow
so they are approximately a year and a half behind schedule
in this phase of this program. And because they fell behind
schedule on these express or relief sewers, this was the
primary reason that the State imposed a building ban on
Cleveland and its 33 suburbs.
And from information that I have in my office, it
shows that Cleveland has chosen to ignore this building ban
and is going ahead and making connections. I have not
delved into this with any great detail on why they chose
not to abide by the building ban, but they did provide a
letter to the State explaining their reasons why they thought
that they were now meeting the requirements imposed in the
building ban and that they could go ahead making water con-
nections.
And beginning on page 21, I have listed the schedules
of the cities covered, major cities covered, in the Lake Erie
Basin, listing those that are behind and why they are behind
and how many months they are behind schedule.
And flipping over to page 25, there is discussion
beginning on industrial wastes. And it shows that as of
May 1, 1970, there were 83 industries that have now completed
facilities. And this list, Mr. Chairman, is growing larger
every time we meet or reconvene for the conference.
There is one industry behind schedule on an inter-
-------
143
G. L. Harlow
mediate phase of its program to abate pollution and 43
industries that have missed their final construction date
for abating pollution. The table shows that there are 44
industries out of 130 with schedules that have fallen
behind. Presently, there are 47 industries still in some
intermediate phase of their improvement. Only three are
meeting their original conference schedule. And there are
38 of these that are over one year behind.
I previously mentioned, beginning on page 26, the
paper companies in the Monroe area. And their reason for
falling behind was because of the agreement that they reached
with the City of Monroe for a joint municipal-industrial
waste treatment. Because of this agreement that they made
with the State, they have been provided a new schedule which
calls for completion of facilities in June of 1971. And I
understand-the municipal waste treatment plant is under con-
struction.
I mention this for one reason — to point out that
we had a large number of pollution problems in the Monroe
area. These were originally pointed out as being the primary
cause of the bacterial pollution problems at Sterling State
Park which is posted as unsatisfactory for swimming. And
getting this pollution abated hinges on getting the Monroe
treatment plant built quickly which is now according to the
-------
144
G. L. Harlow
State schedule by June of 1971. So it is very important,
I think, here that this treatment plant, municipal waste
treatment plant, being built by Monroe be completed as
quickly as possible to start to solve a large pollution
problem in the entire area.
The Ford Motor Company operates a plant, large
industrial facility, here in the River Rouge area in Detroit
and also one at Monroe, Michigan. This facility here at
Rouge is probably one of the largest industrial facilities
in the country and with a variety of complex waste problems.
There have been from time to time oils plaguing the river
being discharged by Ford. And this problem is largely abated
now, although I understand there are reports from time to
time of oil escaping occasionally from the various treatment
units that they have provided to retain oil.
They also still have a problem of suspended solids
from this facility which has caused them to fall behind
schedule in meeting their conference requirements. I under-
stand that substantial compliance has been met for all their
operations with the exception of the suspended solids.
The Great Lakes Steel Company operates 3 large
industrial facilities along the Detroit River — the blast
furnace on Zug Island, the 80-inch hot strip mill, and the
Ecorse rolling mill. At the Ecorse rolling mill, they have
-------
145
G. L. Harlow
fallen behind schedule on meeting their commitments for
soluble oil. And based on the information I have, there
has also been a problem from time to time of remaining
suspended solids discharged from the blast furnace area.
Treatment was provided at the blast furnace area to meet
conference requirements, and the treatment provided was not
quite enough to meet the State stipulation.
Republic Steel operates a complex of industrial
facilities in the Cleveland area. And because they fell
behind schedule, they were a party to a 180-day notice by
the Secretary of the Interior for abatement of waste treat-
ment facilities. And since that notice has been issued and
meetings have been held with Republic, Republic has fallen
back in line in meeting their commitments, but they still
have large facilities under construction and large facilities
in the planning stage which need to be constructed in order
to meet their final commitments for waste abatement.
Their original schedule called for completion in
December of 1969. And now with the new improvements required
being pointed out, their schedule for completion of all
facilities is under order by the Secretary of the Interior
for completion by December of 1971.
J & L Steel Corporation has large facilities along
the Cuyahoga River in the Cleveland area. And they also
-------
146
G. L. Harlow
received 180-day notice from the Secretary of the Interior
for abatement of waste treatment facilities. And since
that meeting and subsequent meetings with J & L, they have
also fallen into schedule now and are providing facilities
to meet the original conference requirements. Although
they were scheduled for completion by December 1969, it now
looks as if they will complete another one of their facili-
ties needed by June of 1971 and another facility by August
of 1972 to completely solve their waste problems.
The Midland Ross Corporation industrial rayon
plant, fibers plant, at Painesville, Ohio, operates a large
industrial facility discharging directly into the lake.
And they have met some conference requirements. But from
information we have obtained, they still need additional
facilities to completely abate their pollution.
I will pause for a moment here. We have a dis-
tinguished guest, and I would like to yield.
MR. STEIN: Thank you. I am glad you yielded so
graciously. I just had the mallet raised up.
We will call on Mr. Purdy.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Chairman, fellow conferees, ladies
and gentlemen, at this time it is certainly a great pleasure
to introduce to you a man who has made it very clear that
he is deeply concerned about the future quality of our
-------
147
Governor Milliken
environment. This man is the Governor of our State, Governor
Milliken.
The Governor has informed me that immediately
after his discussion, he has other commitments and will have
to leave.
(Standing applause.)
STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE WILLIAM G. MILLIKEN,
GOVERNOR OF MICHIGAN
GOVERNOR MILLIKEN: Thank you very much, Ralph
Purdy.
Mr. Stein, ladies and gentlemen, participants in
this conference, I appreciate very much the opportunity to
be here. And I particularly want to apologize to the
previous speaker. He said he was glad that I interrupted
his remarks, but I expect and I hope that shortly after I
conclude mine he will be back to resume his discussion. I
trust he will.
I appreciate very much the opportunity to be here
this morning. I want particularly to welcome those of you
from the other States represented here to Michigan. We are
happy to have this conference which is one of a series which
have already been held. We want you to know that you are
welcome to Michigan.
-------
148
Governor Milliken
This weather which is quite gray and quite dark
is very — and I want to assure you of this fact — untypical
of Michigan. Usually for about 362 or 363 days out of the
year, the sun shines brightly. And you just happened to
catch it.
(Laughter.)
That is known as widening the credibility gap.
It is a great pleasure for me to have this oppor-
tunity to meet with you today. This enforcement conference,
I need not tell you, is undertaking a program in which the
citizens of southeastern Michigan have a very deep interest
and a large stake and a very vital interest.
In Michigan we have placed priority emphasis on
confronting and on solving our problems of environment
deterioration. I can remember some years ago, some several
years ago, when I was Lieutenant Governor, I met in my
office with Dr. Ralph McMullen. I am not sure whether Ralph
is present this morning, but we were talking in an extended
session that morning about the problems confronting Michigan,
confronting the country. And he said, "You know, I think
the greatest problem that we have is clearly the problem of
man's pollution of his own environment."
And among all of the problems with which I deal
as Governor in this State today, I consider the problem of
-------
149
Governor Milliken
preserving our environment to be really the critical problem
because it relates to almost everything else we are trying
to do. Unless we are able and unless we are willing to pre-
serve and to save our land, our water and our air, the
quality of life as we know it today will simply no longer
exist, not only in Michigan but all throughout the United
States.
And during the last few years, we believe in
Michigan that we have made tremendous progress in controlling
the problems of water pollution in the Michigan portion of
the Lake Erie Basin. Much more remains obviously to be done,
and you know this better than I. And to this task we in
Michigan are fully committed. There can be no question that
saving the quality of our environment must be the major goal
of this decade of the 1970's.
I feel that in Michigan we have established through
our actions over the past year, year and a half, some solid
base upon which to pursue this goal. Our clean waters and
quality recreation bond issues are financing an accelerated
program of water pollution control facilities and recreation
areas. In March of 1969 I created an Environmental Quality
Control Council which has worked diligently in reviewing
State policies and programs for environmental quality manage-
ment. In January of this year, I sent to the Michigan
-------
150
Governor Milliken
legislature a special message, a 20-point action program,
for the environment focusing on problems such as water
pollution, solid wastes, litter, land use and related
topics. Many of these programs, I am happy to report to
you, have been implemented already. A number of these pro-
grams at this very moment are under active and, I hope,
ultimately favorable consideration by the Michigan legis-
lature as it now begins to wind up at least the first part
of its 1970 session.
We have, as many of you realize, a longstanding
policy against the leasing of Great Lakes bottom lands for
the purpose of oil and gas exploration. Our reasoning, of
course, behind this policy is very simple. The environmen-
tal risks which may be involved far outweigh the potential
benefits from such drilling activities.
The dumping of polluted dredge spoil into the
open waters of the Great Lakes is another matter of concern.
My position has been and my position is now that the threat
to the water environment is too great to continue such
practices. In this enforcement conference and those on
Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, Michigan's representatives
have formally agreed with the other State representatives
and the Department of the Interior that the disposal of
polluted dredge spoil to the open lakes should be discontinued.
-------
151
Governor Milliken
This position has just recently been reaffirmed at the
reconvened Lake Michigan conference.
I have also taken the position that the additional
cost of polluted dredge spoil disposal should properly be
a project cost and, therefore, not borne either by State or
by local entities.
A program is now being worked out between Michigan
agencies and the Corps of Engineers to assure that no polluted
dredge spoil from any Michigan harbor will be dumped in the
open waters of the Greak Lakes this year.
These past actions indicate, I think, the depth
and the scope of our concern over environmental deteriora-
tion. Several programs are now in the decision-making pro-
cess which will provide new approaches to environmental
problems. A major new program of Great Lakes shoreland
management is presently in the legislature in Lansing
receiving legislative consideration. This proposal would
provide for the comprehensive planning of our Great Lakes
shorelands and required local zoning of high risk erosion
areas and significant environmental areas. If local govern-
mental entities fail to enact adequate zoning controls, the
program as it is now before the legislature would provide
for State assumption of this responsibility.
We are also engaged in further strengthening our
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Governor Milliken
water pollution control statute. Presently, the Water Re-
sources Commission is empowered to work out on a voluntary
basis with industries and municipalities in the Detroit area
comprehensive programs, but we do not yet have the legal
teeth to properly follow through where the voluntary compre-
hensive programs break down. And this proposal is now before
the Michigan legislature. And I have every reason to believe
that it will be affirmatively acted upon by the legislature.
The recent mercury contamination crisis has also
caused us to reappraise our existing environmental protection
programs. It is clear that State Governments in this Nation
must become more concerned about these substances and others
that have been contaminating our environment for decades.
As you know very well, the discharge of mercury into the
waters in this area has not been a recent occurrence. This
discharge, we have now only recently recognized, has been
going on for more than 30 years.
To remedy this deficiency, I have proposed new
legislation designed to greatly augment our present environ-
mental protection programs. One major part of this program
would require State Government registration of all materials
used in manufacturing and all byproducts and waste products
of such manufacturing. This information would help to pin-
point waste sources and to anticipate and avoid possible
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Governor Milliken
water quality problems.
I urge other States to adopt similar legislation
because we all share a common interest in preventing con-
tamination of our waters.
The second major part of this legislation provides
for the levying of a surveillance fee on all industrial and
commercial enterprises in the State which discharge wastes
other than sanitary sewage. The revenue obtained through
such fees will be used to provide for additional staff and
equipment to enable our Water Resources Commission to increase
its surveillance of industrial waste discharges. Initially,
we estimate that the surveillance of industrial waste dis-
charges will produce something between $750,000 and $1 million.
Both of these proposals have received already the
approval of the Michigan House of Representatives. They are
now both before the Michigan Senate. And I feel very hopeful
that they will receive favorable legislative treatment.
I have also proposed a similar surveillance fee for
industries discharging wastes into the air in Michigan.
I also believe that the mercury crisis clearly
represents the need for new national efforts. If our 5 States
represented here undertake these proposals, but other States
throughout the country in similar situations do not do it,
then there is no hope that we can really adequately protect
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Governor Milliken
our environmental quality. Mercury compounds are only one
group of the thousands of compounds now in daily use in
industry and in the home. Additional compounds are being
introduced daily without any knowledge of their environ-
mental effects. And it is our position here in this State
that all new compounds should be systematically screened
before they are marketed. And we support the establishment
of a national clearinghouse to implement such a program.
Moreover, having been so personally involved as I
have with the mercury contamination problem of the St. Clair
River, the Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River and Lake Erie,
and more particularly the problem of fish contamination, a
deficiency in handling such emergencies has become very
apparent to me. There exists the necessity for a stronger
communication and coordination link between the United States
Greak Lakes and the Canadian Great Lakes Provinces. We have
undertaken in the most rigorous way, vigorous way, we know
possible to open up these lines of communication as a result
of the mercury crisis and other developments. I think we
have made great progress in our dealings with Canada and with
the other States. I think we need to move even further in
that direction.
As I have previously said, there has been a tremen-
dous amount of progress in providing treatment systems to
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Governor Milliken
serve the Michigan portion of the Lake Erie Basin. To date,
we have through our clean water bonding programs in Michigan
made grant offers totaling $58 million to help finance over
$140 million in construction of needed treatment and collec-
tion facilities. In addition, there are 48 waste treatment
and collection projects on the 1970 priority lists which
represent over $228 million in construction.
We are not interested in merely building treatment
facilities, but the best type of facilities for the long run.
And a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the develop-
ment of regional systems which in our opinion offer the best
approach to meeting the needs of southeastern Michigan. It
should be clearly recognized, however, that it is much easier
and there are fewer potential delays in dealing with individual
units of government than with groups of communities and with
multiple levels of government. And I have personally found
that to be true because we have had a good deal of difficulty
in some instances trying to move toward the regional systems
which are desirable. We believe they definitely are more
desirable than the individual approach. But nevertheless, we
must be willing to afford the time and the effort necessary
for the implementation of the regional systems.
In conclusion, I want to stress that we are in full
accord with the goals of the Lake Erie Enforcement Conference
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G. L. Harlow
and that we have begun a major effort to take those actions
necessary in the Michigan portion of the Lake Erie Basin to
achieve these goals.
I appreciate the opportunity to come down here to
make this very brief statement. I hope your conference will
turn out to be a very productive one. I hope that I can
continue to participate in future conferences.
Thank you very much.
(Applause.)
MR. STEIN: Let's recess for 10 minutes.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene.
I would like to ask all the participants to give
a copy of their statements to the stenographer first and if
you have them to the conferees before you deliver your state-
ment.
Mr. Harlow, would you continue?
STATEMENT (RESUMED) OF GEORGE L. HARLOW,
CHIEF, LAKE ERIE BASIN,
CLEVELAND, OHIO
MR. HARLOW: Yes, I will continue with my statement,
returning to page 29 of the report.
Mr. Chairman, I don't mind being interrupted by
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G. L. Harlow
governors. In fact, you get a certain good feeling when a
governor interrupts you.
At the bottom of page 29, I was talking about the
Midland Ross Corporation — actually, this plant is now
American Cyanamid — in regard to a problem they had with
suspended solids which seems to still need correcting.
Turning over to page 30, there is a reference to
Diamond Shamrock Corporation in Painesville, Ohio. Treat-
ment has been provided at this plant to meet conference
requirements, but it does appear that more treatment will
be needed, especially for suspended solids, to fully meet
conference requirements.
This company is also a large discharger of dis-
solved solids, including a very heavy chloride load to Lake
Erie as well as other plants around the Lake Erie Basin,
including, I think, 3 different corporations on the Detroit
River who also have large discharges of chlorides — Penwalt
Corporation, Allied Chemical and Wyandotte Chemical Corpora-
tion.
Now, in the middle of page 30, I have made reference
to a number of companies all in the Ashtabula area — Detrex
Chemical, Reactive Metals, Olin Mathieson, General Tire,
Diamond Shamrock, and Cabot Titanium. Treatment has been
provided at these companies in Ashtabula, but the adequacy
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G. L. Harlow
of treatment does appear to be uncertain based on our
records. And this is one of the reasons, I think one of the
large reasons, why the Secretary has announced one of the
workshops in Ashtabula, Ohio, to go over with these companies,
that I just previously mentioned, what they are doing in regard
to pollution abatement and what more they need to do.
I have got listed here U. S. Steel plant of Lorain.
And they are listed primarily because of a remaining problem
with coke plant wastes at their steel mill.
And on page 31, there is a reference to Haramermill
Paper Company at Erie, Pennsylvania. This is by far the
largest source of industrial wastes along the lake from the
Pennsylvania area. They were to have facilities completed
by December 1970 in accordance with the original conference
dates. Since the conference they have now entered into an
agreement with the city of Erie for joint treatment, much
like the kind of arrangement I previously discussed with
regard to municipal wastes and industrial wastes at Monroe.
And I mention this because the abatement of the industrial
waste facilities hinges on the municipal waste facilities
being constructed on time. And the information that I have
available in my office shows that the construction of the
Erie sewage treatment plant, the expanded Erie sewage treat-
ment plant, to handle this large flow from Hammermill Paper
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G. L. Harlow
Company has fallen somewhat behind schedule, or the project
seems to have been delayed somewhat.
And the last company I have listed here is Mobil
Oil in Buffalo, New York. When the original conference
schedules were established in March of 1967 in Buffalo, the
plans at that time according to the company were to close
the plant in 1968. However, they were given a schedule any-
way by the State of New York for abatement sometime in 1969.
The plant did not close. These facilities that were scheduled
for completion in 1969 still have not been constructed, and
there is a remaining problem at this plant with oils and
phenols.
Beginning on page 32, I have listed some of the
major industries, some of which I previously discussed, stating
their exact status and how many months they are behind the
original conference deadlines.
And skipping over to page 37 of the report, I would
like to complete my statement by reading through this informa-
tion I have on thermal inputs to western Lake Erie.
Presently there are 14 electric power generating
plants now discharging waste heat at approximately 34 billion
BTU per hour to the connecting channels and western Lake Erie
between Port Huron, Michigan, and Toledo, Ohio. All but the
relatively small Enrico Fermi I plant are fossil-fueled.
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G. L. Harlow
Three large new plants are scheduled to be built
on the shores of western Lake Erie within the next 5 years.
Two of these, the Davis-Besse plant in Ohio and Enrico
Fermi II in Michigan, are nuclear-fueled and will discharge
together about 13 billion BTU per hour. A fossil-fueled
plant in Michigan will discharge 10 billion BTU per hour.
Thus the total power industry waste heat discharge will rise
from the present 34 billion to 57 billion BTU per hour, an
increase of 68 percent, all within 5 years. Prediction of
power needs for the future indicate the prospect of even
greater increases in waste heat.
Based on the information that I have available at
my office, I understand that at present there are no company
plans for cooling facilities to reduce the existing or
potential heat input to the lake from these 3 nuclear power
plants going up.
Western Lake Erie gains heat from all sources,
natural and cultural, during the warming season at the rate
of 587 billion BTU per hour. As long as water temperature
lags air temperature, as it does in Lake Erie, regardless
of other factors, it is possible for the artificial heat
input to contribute measurably to the lake water temperature.
It is estimated present temperatures in the entire western
basin are already 2° F. to 3° F. above natural temperatures
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G. L. Harlow
during the warming season. By 1975 the increase could be
as much as 4° F. above natural temperatures.
It is doubtful with existing Lake Erie temperatures
that the western lake can support Coho salmon. Additionally,
the temperatures are nearing the critical level for support
of walleye and yellow perch. With elevated temperatures,
algae, especially the troublesome varieties, will become
even more abundant. Since western Lake Erie already has
algal problems enhanced by higher temperatures, and the
remaining valuable fish species are in distress, cooling
facilities at major heat sources should be required.
Now, Mr. Chairman, that completes the prepared
statement that I have. I would also like to mention a report
that I have provided for each of the conferees regarding our
cooperative local-State-Federal water quality intake surveil-
lance program in Lake Erie at the 17 Ohio water intakes going
into the lake. And I have handed out this data which lists
the facts we have obtained during the year 1969 at these
intakes.
I would like to mention that this is a very fine
local-State-Federal cooperative sampling program at the
intakes. This is a rather large report, and I would leave
it up to you whether you think it should be in the record
or just made available for reference.
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G. L.'Harlow
MR. STEIN: If I can see one of those, I would be
glad to consider it.
(Mr. Stein was handed a copy of the report.)
This will be included as an exhibit and be avail-
able in the Regional Office and in headquarters for inspec-
tion during normal business hours.
(The above-mentioned report, marked Exhibit 1, is
on file at Hq., FWPCA, and the Regional Office, Chicago, 111.)
Are there any comments or questions?
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, perhaps it would be best
if I comment on this during my regular presentation. There
are points of clarification that need to be made.
MR. STEIN: Right.
Mr. Purdy.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Harlow, in your discussion about
temperature increase in Lake Erie, in past discussions, it
has been brought out that the temperature of Lake Erie has
increased in recent years — I don't know — some 2° F.,
3° F. And at that time, it was attributed largely to the
increased algal content of the lake, the fact that the lake
does not reflect as much heat, and that this is now absorbed
in the lake. Now, is this the 2 to 3° that you are talking
about here or what?
MR. HARLOW: That is another 2 to 3°. This is a
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G. L. Harlow
calculation, Mr. Purdy, based upon the artificial heat inputs
and is not based on what the air temperature is, which I
think was the reference in discussing those other tempera-
ture rises. And I thought the 2° that you have mentioned
applied to the lake as a whole and not just the western
basin and was that temperature during the entire period at
which time the lake is not frozen.
MR. PURDY: Is the western basin cooler or warmer
than the eastern basin?
MR. HARLOW: It is warmer. Of course, the western
basin returns to freezing in the wintertime every year
regardless of what the artificial or natural heat inputs
are. It still freezes and returns to 32° every winter.
And it is only during the warming season that we have made
these calculations that the lake is 2° higher because of
artificial heat inputs. It does take into account the tem-
perature absorbed by the lake from the sun's radiation.
There is no question, Ralph, that most of the temperature
rise in the lake comes from the sun.
I think we have made earlier calculations that
the artificial waste input to Lake Erie during the warming
season is about one-tenth of one percent of the total warming
coming from the sun.
MR. PURDY: Our people have attended a number of
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G. L. Harlow
conferences in the past several years to discuss thermal
problems, thermal inputs. And in many of those conferences,
there have been a number of papers presented on how to calcu-
late equilibrium temperatures in a large body of water such
as Lake Erie. I am not aware of there being universal
agreement on how these calculations should be made.
I for one would be interested in having your sup-
porting information to go with this report to indicate how
you arrived at the conclusion of 2 to 3° F. at the present
time due to artificial heat inputs, and how you arrived at
the conclusions at 1975 that this would be increased another
4°.
MR. HARLOW: Doesn't it say increased to 4°?
MR. PURDY: By 1975, the increase could be as much
as 4° F. So this would be only 1°.
MR.HARLOW: Two above the present level.
MR. PURDY: I would be interested in seeing figures
on this.
MR. HARLOW: We would be glad to furnish that cal-
culation.
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments?
MR. SEEBALD: Mr. Chairman, I think at this time
the record should show as long as comments have been made
about Mobil Oil in Buffalo, although it is included in our
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G. L. Harlow
statement, I would like to state at this time the matter has
been referred to the Attorney General, State of New York,
for prosecution in this delinquent polluter case.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any other comments or statements?
(No response.)
I have been asked to get some information in the
record — and I don't know if you or the States want to put
this in — particularly from a group in the Office of Saline
Water about the discharge of chloride from chemical or soda
ash plants, or what have you, into the lake and what is being
done about it and whether or not sources have been identified.
Do you want to comment on that?
MR. HARLOW: Well, I know that during our studies
on the Detroit River from 1962 to 1965, we identified a
number of large discharges of chloride which I previously
mentioned. At that time, it was called pennsalts Corporation,
I understand it is now called Pennwalt. it was Allied
Chemical and Wyandotte Chemical.
And if my memory tells me right, from my studies
on the Detroit River — and correct me if I am wrong, Ralph —
I think it was around 10 million pounds per day of chloride
from these 3 industries going to the Detroit River.
MR. STEIN: Do we have any remedial program?
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G. L. Harlow
MR. HARLOW: There was a requirement specified to
each of these companies in the Michigan stipulations that
the present level of discharge of chlorides from these com-
panies will not be allowed to increase, which implies that
the company stay the same as it was in 1965. But there was
no program as far as I know to reduce it.
MR. STEIN: Well, here is a specific question that
has been given to me. And, again, I think they are going
to be interested in this back in the Department. I think per-
haps that the mercury incident created this, because the
question or the information that I have been asked to deduce
specifically is that when the Wyandotte Chemical Company was
discharging mercury, did you have a remedial program to stop
that discharge of mercury? There is no program under way
for that company to abate its present discharge of chloride,
is that correct?
MR. HARLOW: As far as I know.
Another thing, I think, that should be pointed out
in our studies in the Detroit area from 1962 to 1965 and
those that have continued, is the only water use interference
that we have been able to identify — this doesn't mean there
might not be some — but we have not been able to identify water
use interference from chlorides, with the exception that we
felt that at some industrial facilities they should be having
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G. L. Harlow
some corrosion problems from the high levels of chloride in
the river. But they were not at the level, as I understand
it, that would interfere with our drinking water supply. I
think if my memory serves me, the levels in the Trenton channel
of the Detroit River were about 50 to 60 mg/1, whereas you
wouldn't begin to have a water supply problem until it reached
about 250.
MR. STEIN: I understand that, but I think again
you can appreciate I am asking questions which were given to
me. But the thrust of this operation is this, Mr. Harlow: If
we are talking about minute changes in clarity such as in Lake
Superior and if you are talking, as you did in the later part
of your presentation, about one or 2° of temperature, that is
one thing. But in talking about the question of the discharge
of chlorides which might possibly be removed or talking in
terms that we used to use years ago — whether the water was
polluted or not, whether pollutant substances interfered with
the water supply — this approach may be antiquated. I think
we are looking for more subtle effects, more subtle changes than
that. I suspect that unless the conferees get at that, we
are going to hear more about this problem.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman, Mr. Richards would like
to make a comment.
MR. RICHARDS: Mr. Chairman and ladies and gentlemen,
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G. L. Harlow
I think that Mr. Stein when he referred to the Office of
Saline Water is referring to a study that they did with
respect to reduction of chlorides from the chemical plant,
not in the Great Lakes Basin or any of the States. On the
basis of a news release from the Department of the Interior,
an arrangement was made for these people to meet with an
industry from Ohio that is a large chloride discharger. It
was determined that the method of reduction of chloride that
had been proposed was one that this company was using to
recover calcium chloride. The company in question was recover-
ing all the calcium chloride that they could sell on the mar-
ket. If they recovered more than this, it would mean that
they would have to have a means of disposal of a solid product.
This did not appear to be very feasible. And I
believe it is recognized that about the only way you are going
to get rid of chloride from this type of an operation -- and
this is the soda ash operation — is that it means discon-
tinuance of this type of thing on inland water, really.
MR. STEIN: Well, I appreciate those remarks because
I think you have given one side and a very potent side of
this question. But I think the question that has been
raised — and again I don't want to keep repeating because
I am an emissary — is whether we really are going to use the
judgmental factor of whether someone can sell the chlorides
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G. L. Harlow
they take out at a profit, and just take that amount out of
the water as long as there is a market for it, or they have
an obligation to take more out even though they can't sell
it. This is the kind of argument that we used to get into
on a variety of pollution control measures. If it wasn't
very profitable, no one wanted to put in the devices.
/
The question that has been raised is: Is the cut-
off on removing chlorides going to be dependent upon the
market?
MR. RICHARDS: Mr. Chairman, this industry in Ohio
is a large contributor to Lake Erie and does have a schedule
and a commitment to the State for discontinuance of this
operation in due course of time.
MR. STEIN: Well, thank you.
MR. PURDY: I would like to comment on this, Mr.
Stein.
You asked the question if the conferees didn't take
this up under the Federal Act under which this conference is
held. It is my understanding that for the conferees to take
up a matter such as this that it would have to be shown that
the discharge of these chlorides caused an injury to the
health and welfare of people in a State other than in which
the discharge arose.
If I have listened correctly and at past conferences,
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G. L. Harlow
I don't believe that any information has been presented to
show that the chlorides at present levels are causing an
injury to the health and welfare of people of a different
State. I haven't heard any information that would indicate
to the conferees that if the levels were maintained at the
present quantity that we could anticipate a problem in the
future. So I am wondering what action the conferees could
take on this basis.
Now, speaking specifically about this matter,
Assistant Secretary Klein did send a letter to us sometime
ago regarding the soda ash industry and certain things that
he felt it would be possible to do in the soda ash industry.
Conferences have been held in industry here on
the Detroit River. A complete report on those conferences
and the conclusions reached in those conferences have been
forwarded to Assistant Secretary Klein. And we are awaiting
a response from him.
Speaking about the brine problem as it may relate
to the mercury problem, the solution to the mercury problem
here as it relates to Wyandotte Chemical on the Detroit
River involved closing up the process. And in so closing
the process, this eliminated the brine discharge from the
mercury salt operations of that chloride alkali plant.
So to say that no attention or nothing has been
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G. L. Harlow
done to reduce the brine discharges is an error when, in
fact, for that particular operation, they have been com-
pletely eliminated.
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or
questions?
MR. MAYO: Just for the record and for purposes
of highlighting some of the information in your report, I
would like to refer to page 3 and the 2 tables on page 3.
As I interpret them, the tables tell us that of
190 municipalities, 61 of them have adequate facilities
and that then 129 either have no established schedule for
improvements or the improvements are behind schedule.
MR. HARLOW: That's close.
MR. MAYO: All right, would you clarify it?
MR. HARLOW: This table on page 3 does not tell
you anything about who was behind and who isn't. This just
lists that in 1968, for example, in the Maumee River, there
were 12 cities scheduled for completion of facilities in
1968.
MR. MAYO: Let's couple that table with the table
on page 8 where your final column under the general heading
of "not meeting schedule'1 gives us a total of 129.
MR. HARLOW: The ones not meeting schedule are the
22 plus the 56.
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G. L. Harlow
MR. MAYO: So that heading, then, may be somewhat —
MR. HARLOW: The "not meeting schedule" should not
have extended over the "total" column.
MR. STEIN: Here I wanted to ask you some questions
because I think you have made an excellent analysis if the
analysis of the figures is correct. The point is, I think
if I read your table and analysis correctly, 28 cities have
completed their work. That places 82 cities still in incom-
pletion in some intermediate phase.
MR.HARLOW: That's right.
MR. STEIN: The problem here that we have is, I
think, we all commend the 28 cities, but when we deal with
the 82, then the statistics begin to get a little grim
because of the 82 cities still in an intermediate phase, only
four are on schedule, which leaves 78 cities which are behind
schedule according to Mr. Harlow's analysis. Right?
MR. HARLOW: That's right.
MR. STEIN: Of these 78, 49 are over a year behind.
I raise this question — and I will raise it with
the industries — it seems to me that with a record like that,
someone is going to have to look very carefully to see if
180-day notices are appropriate, as we had in the cases I
mentioned in Ohio.
Going over to your industry operation, the completion
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G. L. Harlow
is a little better there. Eighty-three industries are com-
pleted. Mr. Harlow says we are getting this list smaller
and smaller all the time. I think this is going to be the
name of the game from now on — making that industry and
municipal list as small as possible. This leaves 47 industries
still in an intermediate stage. Then the statistics get
grim again because of the 47 industries still in intermediate
stage, only three are meeting their conference schedules,
which means that 44 are behind.
Of these 44, 38 are over a year behind schedule.
That, again, raises the question unless there is a satisfac-
tory explanation for this, it seems to me that someone might
argue that you almost have a prima facie case here for 180-
day notice of some kind of action. I believe in our work
sessions, if we find probably in the state reports there is
a valid explanation for these delays, or if the information
supplied by Mr. Harlow needs modification or updating or
correction, this should be done.
Are there any other comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, thank you very much, Mr. Harlow.
At this point, I would like to call on Mr. Lyon
who has some people who should be heard now because they have
to leave.
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Reid Bennett
Mr. Lyon.
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, thank you very much.
Pennsylvania's continuing dedication to the abate-
ment of pollution of Lake Erie is evidenced by the fact that
we have 4 representatives from our General Assembly here
today. Two of them have asked to speak briefly. I would
like to introduce first the two that have not asked to speak.
First, Mr. Ralph Abele who is Executive Secretary
of the Joint Legislative Air and Water Pollution Control and
Conservation Committee.
Ralph, if you would just stand up.
And next is Representative Wendell Good from Erie,
Pennsylvania. Good to have you here.
And then there are 2 representatives who would
like to speak briefly. First, Mr. Reid Bennett. Mr. Bennett
is Chairman of the House Committee on Bureaus, Vice Chairman
of a local government committee. He is also a member of the
Joint Senate Air and Water Pollution Control Committee, the
House Committee of Game and Fish and the ad hoc Pesticide
Commi ttee.
Representative Bennett.
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Hon. Reid Bennett
STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE REID L. BENNETT,
REPRESENTATIVE, STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
MR. BENNETT: Chairman Stein, conferees, ladies
and gentlemen, as Mr. Lyon has just informed you, Pennsyl-
vania is deeply interested in Lake Erie. Although we have
the smallest shoreline along Lake Erie, we do have a vital
and continuing interest.
My purpose in being here today is to inform the
conferees, the press and all those interested in the pollu-
tion of Lake Erie that we have formed an interim legislative
Commission on Lake Erie Pollution. This commission comprises
the 4 States of Michigan, Ohio, New York and Pennsylvania.
And we have invited and do have the participation of the
Province of Ontario.
We have conducted several meetings recently in all
the States concerned with the pollution of Lake Erie. And
the chairman of the interim legislative commission from
Pennsylvania and the secretary of the commission, Representa-
tive Laudadio, will speak more on that commission in his pre-
sentation.
Personally, I would like to say to the conference
that as an individual State legislator, I appreciate what
the conference is doing. I appreciate the feelings of the
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Hon.Reid Bennett
Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Hickel, in his concern for
Lake Erie. I personally feel that President Nixon's
statement on pollution leaves much to be desired. Personally,
I feel that a $10 billion program over 10 years will not
scratch the surface of the pollution problems.
MR. STEIN: Pardon. That is 4 years, not 10 years.
MR. BENNETT: I stand corrected. It will not
scratch the surface of the pollution problem of the entire
United States, much less the pollution of Lake Erie and of
all the Great Lakes.
I also am of the opinion that the method in which
the financing is proposed by the Federal Government leaves
something to be desired. I believe that the Federal Govern-
ment could and should be spending a lot more money in pollu-
tion problems than what it is spending. I don't know if the
individual States have the financial wherewithal to combat
these problems.
Again, Representative Laudadio will speak on what
Pennsylvania is doing in that respect. As I said, I do
appreciate what the conference is doing. I appreciate the
multitude of problems that all of you gentlemen face.
And I do want to say to the conference that the
interim legislative commission that has been established is
a working group. We have several legislators from each State
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177
Hon.Reid Bennett
who are represented on the commission. This commission was
spark plugged by the Ohio House of Representatives Speaker,
the Honorable Charles Kurfess. And the various legislative
bodies have created their own commissions.
I would like to say to the conference at this time
that I am in complete accord with the feelings of Walter
x
Lyon that not only the mercury pollution should be studied,
but all of the toxic substances that are being introduced
into not only Lake Erie but all of the Great Lakes. And
I again feel that the Federal Government ought to be moving
more rapidly in that direction.
Mr. Chairman, my statement is purposely brief. I
would now or later be happy to answer any questions that any
of the gentlemen might have. I feel that our chairman, Mr.
Laudadio, will more adequately cover the things that should
be said here today.
I thank you for the opportunity of appearing.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
We will withhold questions and comments until after
the next speaker.
Mr. Lyon.
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, the next speaker is
Representative John Laudadio who is the Chairman of the House
Committee on Conservation of Pennsylvania's General Assembly.
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178
Hon. J. F. Laudadio, Sr.
He is also a member of the Joint Legislative Committee on
Air and Water Pollution and as Representative Bennett
indicated is the secretary of the legislative Commission on
Lake Erie. Representative Laudadio has been the sponsor of
a great number of controversial bills in Pennsylvania's
General Assembly. He has been a key leader in the legisla-
ture in strengthening the clean streams and clean air laws
of Pennsylvania.
Representative Laudadio.
STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE JOHN F. LAUDADIO, SR.,
REPRESENTATIVE, STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
MR. LAUDADIO: Thank you, Walter.
Chairman Murray Stein, ladies and gentlemen, I
think my colleague stole a little bit of my thunder.
I would like to observe briefly that the Governor's
statement was a very strong statement made here today, and
we certainly want to have a copy of his proposals to the
General Assembly of Michigan because it has great merit.
I would like to elaborate a little further on what
Representative Bennett had indicated that we did form a group
of the 4 States. Michigan had already a policy of no leasing
of land under Lake Erie for gas and oil exploration. Ohio,
Pennsylvania and New York did not. Speaker Kurfess called
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179
Hon. J. F. Laudadio, Sr.
for the conference first, and we followed through with
resolutions in the respective States which set up the
Interstate Legislative Commission on Lake Erie.
I think we have made some great progress in a
short period of time. Pennsylvania had already 35,000 acres
of land under the lake leased, and that has stopped. Ohio
has taken the position for 2 years that there would be no
further consideration of leasing under the lake. New York
has followed suit.
We now have an agreement which says in effect to
the 4 States, although, as I indicated, Michigan has already
had the policy of no leasing, but together we are now opera-
ting with a 2-year moratorium that there will be no more
land leased under Lake Erie for exploration. We have
broadened the commission now to take a further look into
participating in all other pollutant problems of the lake.
I might also add that the legislative bodies of
the respective States feel that in some instances, many of
the regulatory agencies have not followed through. Not to
sound critical of any governmental group or any individual,
we like to point out that we as elected representatives in
our respective States do find the pressure of the voter much
more than the people who serve on the regulatory bodies.
For that purpose also we have formed the commission to move
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180
Hon. J. F. Laudadio, Sr.
swifter in meeting and dealing with its pollution problems.
I would like to point out that we have moved in
Pennsylvania a great deal in the last 10 years in the area
of conservation legislation, much more, we feel, than many
of the States. The problem in Pennsylvania is much more
severe in some instances such as in the mining than the other
problems of water pollution. But we would like to comment
also that we want to aid and work with the conference to the
fullest extent that we can.
But we would also like to sound a little critical
today, at the Federal level, that the Government at the Federal
level is talking a lot more than the action financially. We
would like to see more money pumped into helping the States
and the local municipalities to meet their obligation.
In Pennsylvania, we have approved a $500 million
bond issue. And it is geared for a 10-year program starting
in 1967 and ending in 1977. We find that that falls very
short of meeting our responsibility in Pennsylvania. The
matching dollar to meet with Federal money is far short.
Here again we say that money is the answer to many of the
problems if we are going to do the job and move as swiftly
as we need to.
We would like to also point out that — and I am
sure that the States in the surrounding area of Lake Erie
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181
Hon. j. F. Laudadio, Sr.
find themselves in the same position as Pennsylvania — for
every dollar we send to Washington, we get 24 cents back.
And we are sick and tired of that. And I am certainly sure
that the States surrounding New York, Ohio and Michigan find
themselves in the same financial situation. And we are
going to make much of this with our Congressmen.
I am sure the people of America are sick and tired
of some of the things that happen nationally. Nationally we
want to see more priorities directed into the area of trying
to protect our environment. Let's move in the other direc-
tion because the hour is late.
We feel that the amount that we had last year that
Congress had put up in the 1969-1970 budaet of the $800 million
certainly was an improvement over what Nixon had proposed in
the $214 million. And $1 billion is not enough for the 50
States to meet their responsibilities in the area of the
environment.
And so I think here, again, that we have a job to
do to get back and talk to our Congressmen in the various
States and direct new priorities for more money in the area
of pollution control and cleaning up of our environment.
And I might say that in Pennsylvania in the last
8 years, we found the most effective weapon to get the law-
makers to meet their responsibility is the ballot box. I
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182-183
Hon. j. p. Laudadio, Sr.
am certainly sure that the public, the American people,
want action and not too much of this talk that is going on.
Everyone is now talking about the environment, but how much
action? And the need for action in the area, as I repeat
again, financially, we need more help from the Federal
Government. We ought to start talking about taking some of
the monies away from the various programs such as the Far
East, the Middle East and other areas and put it to work in
the United States of America.
And with that, I hope, Murray, that you will be
able to convince your Department to pressure the Federal
Government as much as you can. We will support you in every
way we can to get the improvement in the financial situation
that is necessary if you are going to do the job through
the conference. And we in the States can assist if we have
the money.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
Thank you for a very excellent and decisive state-
ment.
And with that, I think we will recess for lunch
until half-past one.
(Whereupon at 11:50 a.m. the conference recessed, to reconvene
at 1:30 p.m. the same day.)
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184
AFTERNOON SESSION
(1:32 p.m.)
MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene.
Before we go on, do any conferees have anything they
may want to suggest?
MR. SEEBALD: Mr. Chairman, in order to'clarify the
record as presented by the Federal Government as to the status
of polluters, it would be most helpful if in addition to estab-
lishing those industries or municipalities not meeting schedule,
there be some indication that plants are not only under con-
struction or in the final planning stages, but also in very
active scheduling. Because I don't think it reflects to the
benefit of this conference that the mere not meeting of a date,
in the face of actual progress, should stand as an indication
of failure on the part of the initial scheduling of work.
MR. STEIN: I think I indicated that several times.
I agree the statements I have made here today are that we are
probably in the throes of the biggest municipal-industrial
cleanup. The fact that the schedules are not being met does
not mean there is not progress. I think I was asked that
question yesterday, and I answered it the same way.
Are there any other comments or questions?
MR. LYON: Only by way of suggestion, Mr. Chairman,
you might want to give some consideration to using the same
-------
185
kind of bookkeeping on this as has been developed by the
Joint Committee on Water Quality Data Management with the
help of FWQA and is used by ORSANCO and DRBC to indicate cases
as being either in compliance or, if they are not in com-
pliance, in violation, satisfactory progress, not satisfactory
progress, and so forth. We have found that kind of categori-
zation to be quite —
MR. STEIN: What was the outfit after ORSANCO?
MR. LYON: This is Delaware River Basin Commission
and ORSANCO.
MR. STEIN: I think their waters are so clean in
both the Delaware and the Ohio that the system automatically
commends itself to us.
MR. LYON: I am afraid I can't agree with you about
the water being clean, but they do have a fairly good system
of reporting the status of cases.
MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions?
MR. PURDY: Mr. Stein, Yes. I think this relates
to that point and also an earlier point that you made with
respect to the 180-day notices, which I think would be under
the interstate standards program rather than this conference.
Certainly, for those municipalities and industries
that are behind the original schedules that had been set for
it in the stipulations with the Water Resources Commission,
-------
186
our commission is as distressed that these original schedules
have not been met as I think the Federal Government might be.
I would hope that in the consideration of the
180-day notices, though, that the Federal Government would
give consideration to what can be accomplished by this. That
is, if following along the lines of Mr. Seebald, the plant
is under construction, I see little to be gained by the mere
issuance of a 180-day notice. So I hope this matter can be
considered at the time the subject of 180-day notices is
considered.
MR. STEIN: Those points are all well taken, cer-
tainly. And I think, as I said several times during the
luncheon, what you are going to have to have is an explanation
in each case of what the situation is. But I think all these
points are well taken.
Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: The next portion of the Federal presen-
tation will be a report on the status of compliance of Federal
installations with the recommendations and conclusions of
the Lake Erie Enforcement Conference. The presentation will
be made by Mr. Merrill Garnet of the Regional Office staff
Of FWQA.
-------
187
M. B. Garnet
STATEMENT OF MERRILL B. GAMET,
REGIONAL OFFICE,
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
MR. GAMET: Mr. Chairman, conferees, ladies and
gentlemen, this is a brief report of the status of compliance
of Federal installations in the Lake Erie Enforcement Con-
ference area. There are more complete details included in
the status report which has been distributed to the conferees,
I would like to make these statements in regard
to each Federal agency report and with specific reference to
particular installations.
First of all, the U. S. Coast Guard: The Buffalo
Coast Guard station will have disinfection facilities
installed by December 31, 1972.
A contract is being negotiated with the city of
Toledo to connect the Toledo Coast Guard station to the
municipal sewer system. Connection is expected to be com-
pleted by December 1970.
The Detroit River light station will be unmanned
and automated by 1971.
U. S. Army: NIKE Site 51-52, Hamburg, New York,
has been declared excess in the Army.
MR. STEIN: Let me interupt you there, Mr. Garnet.
-------
188
M. B. Garnet
What does that mean in terms of pollution control? We have
had these places declared excess and nothing gets done. And
they go on for year after year after year. Do you have a
date?
MR. GAMET: I do not have a date. As far as I
know, it has been closed.
/
MR. STEIN: Well, that is wonderful. Then we have
a pertinent statement if it is closed. Then there is no
discharge.
MR. GAMET: That's right.
NIKE Site 02, Cleveland, Ohio, completed installa-
tion of chlorination facilities in March 1970.
NIKE Site D-57, Newport, Michigan, chlorination
facilities to be installed by December 1970.
NIKE Site D-87 (Control Area), Union Lake, Michigan.
New sand filter to be installed by June 1970, and chlorina-
tion facilities by December 1970.
NIKE Site D-87 (Launch Area). Chlorination facili-
ties to be installed by December 1970.
NIKE Site D-61 (Launch Area) Romulus, Michigan.
Site deactivated.
NIKE Sites D-15 and D-16, Selfridge Air Force Base,
Michigan. Connections are to be made to the air base sewer
system or Harrison Township interceptor. No firm date has
-------
189
M. B. Garnet
been reported to us by the army.
Detroit Arsenal, Warren, Michigan. Sanitary
wastes are discharged to the Warren municipal sewer system.
Cooling water and boiler blowdown has been diverted from
the storm to the sanitary sewer system. The industrial waste
system will be connected to the Detroit interceptor or be
under way by December 31, 1972.
Michigan Army Missile Plant, Warren, Michigan.
An architect-engineer study is in progress to determine the
most suitable method to provide for diversion of all wastes
to the Detroit metropolitan interceptor. The study is
scheduled for completion by June 15, 1970. Preliminary plans
are anticipated to be completed by September 15, 1970, and
the entire project of connecting to the Detroit system is
projected for completion or to be under way by December 31,
1972.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration:
Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Sanitary
wastes are discharged to the City of Cleveland sewer system.
Industrial wastes from research and testing activities are
adequately treated and monitored before discharge to the Rocky
River. Corrosion inhibitors containing phosphates and
chromates for cooling water treatment have been discarded
in favor of the use of a compound without these ingredients.
-------
190
M. B. Garnet
This process is operating satisfactorily.
Lewis Research Center, Plum Brook Station, San-
dusky , Ohio. This installation has secondary treatment
facilities with chlorination. The treatment plant also has
capability for phosphate removal. A 1500 gpd aerobic diges-
tion plant has been installed to replace a septic tank, tile
field system at Test Site B-2.
U. S. Air Force:
Selfridge Field, Michigan. The Air Force signed a
contract with Harrison Township on September 23, 1968, whereby
the township will construct a sewer under and across the
Clinton River to convey the air base wastes to the township
interceptor, and thence to the Detroit interceptor. Present
plans are to complete this project as soon as the Detroit
interceptor is available for connection to it. Negotiations
are in progress to provide for a sewer connection from the
northwest area of the air base and from the Capehart housing
area to the Detroit interceptor. The project to divert air-
craft washing and maintenance wastes from the storm to the
sanitary sewer system, and to install facilities to remove
oil from a lagoon at the northeast side of the base and from
the storm water pumping station on the south side is approxi-
mately 80 percent complete.
MR. POOLE: what happens to the waste?
-------
191
M. B. Garnet
MR. GAMET: Probably discharged the same as it was
from the air base with a total personnel of 17, I am told.
MR. STEIN: But what is the treatment before it
discharges?
MR. GAMET: Primary.
MR. STEIN: Primary? And the plant is running on
automatic pilot, I guess, without maintenance.
MR. GAMET: I believe there are one or two main-
tenance navy personnel. That would make 19 personnel.
MR. STEIN: You mean those maintenance personnel
take care of the waste treatment facility?
MR. GAMET: I imagine other utilities have to be
maintained also.
U. S. Navy:
Naval Air Station, Grosse lie, Michigan. This
station has been deactivated by the Navy. The only remaining
occupant is the FWQA Lake Huron Basin Office.
(Laughter.)
I would like to insert at this point we are report-
ing on Federal vessels in this conference area at this time
for the first time. We have considered Federal vessels as
Federal installations for some time. And because of the
increased concern and actions to be taken, we feel that this
is properly included in this report.
-------
192
M. B. Garnet
U. JS. Coast Guard. There are two 110-foot tugs
with macerator-chlorinators installed, and one 110-foot tug
with no waste disposal facility, all berthed at Buffalo, New
York. There is one 180-foot cutter with no waste facilities,
berthed at Detroit. All vessels operate in Lake Erie.
Evaluation is in progress on a package type treatment plant
plus chlorination for on-board installation on these vessels.
Upon successful completion of tests, it is planned to install
these facilities by December 31, 1972. Dockside pump-out
facilities will also be provided for use when the vessels are
in port.
U. S. Corps of Engineers.
a) Detroit District. This district has 12 float-
ing plants operating in the Detroit River and vicinity,
ranging in size from 120 feet to 45 feet, with comple-
ments ranging from one to four personnel on each vessel.
Seven vessels are berthed at Detroit, two at Amherstburg,
Ontario, two at Marine City, Michigan, and one at Toledo.
All are equipped with macerator-chlorinators, except one
which uses a portable holding tank. All vessels will
have portable holding tanks in'use by December 1970.
Future plans call for installation of permanent holding
tanks with dockside evacuation facilities,
b) Buffalo District. Seven floating plants are
-------
193
M. B. Garnet
under the jurisdiction of this district that operates
in Lake Erie. They range in size from 339 feet to 86
feet with complements ranging from 4 to 55 personnel,
and are all berthed at Cleveland, Ohio. The dredge
MARKHAM, the largest of all of these vessels, has an
experimental aerobic digestion package treatment plant
in operation. The Corps of Engineers design office is
evaluating the feasibility of using this type of treat-
ment on all vessels in this category. It is reported
that space is not available to install holding tanks
on large dredges. Two other dredges have no treatment
at present. Four vessels have macerator-chlorinators
in use. Holding tanks will be installed with pump-out
facilities for dockside evacuation on all vessels
presently equipped with macerator-chlorinators.
I would like to insert at this point, that I was
informed this morning that we had not included, a report on
vessels operated by the U. S. Lake Survey. This was an
oversight on our part, and the information will be obtained.
And I would like to request permission to insert this as an
appendix to this report as soon as the information is pre-
pared.
MR. STEIN: Without objection that will be done.
And I hope you get it in within a few days so we can put it
in the record. (The above-mentioned report follows.)
-------
193a
The U.S. Lake Survey has three (3) vessels, the SHENEHON, the
LAIDLY, and the JOHNSON that operate in Lake Erie. These vessels are
owned by the Corps of Engineers and assigned to the Lake Survey for survey
work. Each of these vessels is equipped with a macerator—chlorinator
and portable holding tank for shore disposal of wastes. On this basis
these vessels are considered to have adequate waste disposal facilities
and to be in compliance with enforcement conference recommendations.
-------
194
M. B. Garnet
MR. GAMET: You will have it as quickly as possible.
Operating Reports: Information has been received
that the Department of Defense has liberalized its regula-
tions regarding the release of operating data for waste water
treatment plants. This has been done in order Jto assure com-
pliance with the intent of Executive Order 11507, wherever
possible, but recognizing that there may be some limitations
in the interest of national defense. Each State has been
requested to submit to the Regional Office a list of facili-
ties from which operating records are desired. These opera-
ting records will be submitted to the appropriate FWQA Regional
Office, and forwarded to the requesting State. To date, we
have received a list of installations from the State of New
York, and action has been initiated to obtain operating data.
As soon as requests are received from the other States, similar
action will be initiated.
Finally, frequent contacts are made with the instal-
lations and Federal agencies having responsibilities in the
Lake Erie Enforcement Conference area to obtain updated
information regarding progress made in pollution abatement
and compliance with conference recommendations. We will con-
tinue our efforts towards 100 percent compliance at the
earliest possible date.
-------
195
M. B. Gamet
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?
Yes, Mr. Poole.
MR. POOLE: I would like for the record to show that
this report indicates to me that substantial progress is
being made on Federal installations. But at the same time,
the report is entirely out of context with the report that
was submitted by Mr. Harlow with respect to State installa-
tions. There is nothing in this report to indicate what the
original agreement was for completion date on these Federal
facilities whereas Mr. Harlow's, as you recall, are full of
tables that show this was 16 months behind schedule and that
one is 21 months behind schedule and so on. I can't tell
from this one whether all the Federal installations are on
schedule or whether they are in the same boat the States are.
MR. STEIN: Do you have any comment on that, Mr.
Gamet?
MR. GAMET: Well, all I can say at this point is
that that information can be prepared. We have not coordinated
this report with Mr. Harlow in connection with preparation
of his report. But I see no reason why it can't be done.
And we could prepare data in the same form.
MR. STEIN: How long would it take you to do that?
MR. GAMET: Well, I don't know that I can pin it
-------
196
M. B. Garnet
down. But it wouldn't take very long.
MR. STEIN: Two weeks?
MR. GAMET: I am pretty sure it can be done in that
length of time.
MR. STEIN: All right, you get it in in two weeks.
Mail it to the States and send me a copy in Washington. And
we will print it in the record.
(The above-mentioned document follows:)
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-------
196-N
M. B. Garnet
MR. POOLE: I would like it to go to press also.
That is where ours is going to today.
MR. STEIN: That's where we intend to transfer it
to the press, to get it printed. But I have no objection to
making this available. Certainly, we have no secrets here.
With the distribution such as we are going to make of it to
the five States and printed in the record, unless my faith
in the American press is mistaken, try and keep it from the
press with a distribution like that.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask why
does it take 2-1/2 years to put in the chlorination or dis-
infection facility at Buffalo Coast Guard station? I just
don't understand it.
MR. GAMET: That's a good question. We have been
trying to find the answer to that for a long time. We see
no reason why it should take that long either. The excuses
that we get are pending the receipt of necessary funds.
-------
197
M. B. Garnet
Requests are made and funds are apparently not appropriated.
We keep pushing and pushing as hard as we can, and
we get the same kind of an answer all the time.
MR. STEIN: I don't know, but let me try my hand
at this. We may have a little better handle on this now with
the new Presidential Executive Order. I think President Nixon
recognized this.
What our problem was in the past, we get an agree-
ment to go ahead and a request for an appropriation going,
and you people who follow Federal appropriations, particu-
larly the Defense Department appropriations, know that it
takes you full time to keep your eye on a particular item,
particularly when it is a small item like this, following it
through the various stages. Then if the appropriation hasn't
been refused, sometimes it gets lost in the congressional
shuffle, and I don't think intentionally. But in the negotia-
tion to cut down the budget, some items always have to give.
And I think for anyone running an installation,
generally, at least, the habit has been for these items we
have had for waste treatment to have an unusually high mor-
tality. And they got put out. And sometimes when the funds
were appropriated, they get over in the Bureau of the Budget.
And for one reason or another, there were limitations on
expenditures and freezes. And again, when you have to spend
-------
198
M. B. Garnet
money and you are running a defense establishment and your
primary mission is to patrol something or provide guns or
ammunition or men, this tended to not be the item that got
a high priority on the unfreezing.
And sometimes when the funds were put out to the
installations, the commanders thought these funds could be
better used for other purposes to promote the defense and
the securities of the United States. And they found their
way into other areas.
Now, the President has put out an Executive Order
trying to stop this. And I think the Executive Order —
and I am sure it will be carried out — will be effective.
And that is, these funds are to be made available by Presi-
dential direction to set up a budget to be carried forth in
the next few years. And once the funds are made available,
then we have our prohibitions against their being diverted by
any of the various devices that I have so painfully recounted
to you up to now. So I think we may do a little better.
Did you want to go off the record?
(Discussion off the record.)
MR. STEIN: Let'sgo back.
MR. EAGLE: Thank you, Mr. Stein. You were equally
vocal on the defensive as you are on the offensive.
(Laughter.)
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M. B. Garnet
MR. POOLE: I just wanted to make one additional
point, Mr. Stein. And I wanted the audience — and I am
sorry the press isn't here the way it was this morning — to
understand this. I opened my remarks by saying as far as I
was concerned, this report recommended substantial progress
on the part of the Federal installations. But to mer it also
indicates that you have the same kind of problems with
respect to Federal installations that the States have with
respect to municipal and industrial installations. And I
have got one in here that is waiting on a Detroit sewer to
become available so they can connect to it.
Now, when you look into the State reports, you
probably find some industries that are in exactly that same
boat. And I just hope that we keep this thing in the same
perspective all the way across the board.
That's all.
MR. STEIN: I am sure we will, as we will keep in
mind the relative volume of waste coming from all these
Federal installations and the ones coming from the munici-
palities and industries.
MR. POOLE: You taught me 10 years ago in the
Kansas City hearings as far as the Federal law was concerned,
that was no point. I remember you and I argued about a
warehouse that had 7 employees. This was in the Kansas City
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M. B. Garnet
hearing.
MR. STEIN: That's right.
MR. GAMET: I would like to add another comment if
I may in regard to the last question. And that is that I
can show you in our records where some smaller installations
have made application or submitted projects in 3 >and 4 con-
secutive years without the funds having been appropriated.
So they keep on requesting, requesting, requesting.
MR. POOLE: But that's exactly the same thing.
We have been saying this in the Lake Michigan and Lake Erie
conference for years that the States are in with the munici-
palities. The municipalities say that when a Federal grant
becomes available, they will go. And until the Federal
grant becomes available, you have the same problem in finan-
cing the municipal job that these various Federal departments
are having in getting Congress to appropriate the money to
start the job. There is no difference.
MR. STEIN: Well, this may be the case, but, Mr.
Poole, we have taken action. The President has taken action.
We have this Executive Order. We have this commitment. And
let's hope that the States — I am not talking only about the
States, but the industries and cities — will do as well.
We recognize this problem, and it was a difficult one. And
I think the President's Executive Order indicates the
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M. B. Garnet
recognition of that problem.
MR. MAYO: Mr. Chairman, to respond in part, perhaps
in conclusion, to Mr. Poole's remarks, the first, second and
third sessions of the conference recommended that the neces-
sary treatment facilities for Federal installations be com-
pleted and in operation by August 1966.
MR. POOLE: Thank you, Mr. Mayo.
Let's go on.
MR. STEIN: Well, I have a couple of things. I will
put it this way: I don't think if any of the States gave us
a report like this or any of the communities gave us a report
like this that we would be apt to accept it.
Let me call your attention to item 8 and item 9 on
your first list. Detroit arsenal, Warren, Michigan. I
don't know what that means. Connected to the Detroit inter-
ceptor or be under way by December 31, 1972.
Michigan Ajrmy missile plant, Warren, Michigan.
Projected for completion or to be under way by December 31,
1972.
MR. GAMET: That is the language which is used in
Executive Order 11507.
(Laughter.)
MR. STEIN: I know. But don't you think you could
be a little more precise in doing this? If you are going to
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M. B. Garnet
translate that slavishly into your report, what are we going
to do if a State comes in with a report like that?
MR. GAMET: I assume to be under way that they
are actually under construction whether the project is com-
pleted or not. But we hope they will be completed by that
time.
MR. STEIN: What we are looking for with the
Federal installation or what we are looking for with anyone
is that magic date of completion.
Now, I would recommend that if we are not talking
about completion dates on these projects that you are talk-
ing about here, we don't have anything. Because this is the
most significant date of all. And I don't think fudging it
with language like that helps a bit.
I have got one more point. I would like to refer
you — and I don't know why this happened — to NIKI Site
D-61. That was de-activated. Couldn't that join the Detroit
system, the site at Romulus, Michigan? Because I was ready
for that to happen when Romulus would be handled by Remus.
(Laughter.)
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, is it contemplated that
the conference will ask the Secretary of the Interior to
issue a 180-day notice to the FWQA facility on Grosse lie?
MR. STEIN: As I understand it, the Federal law
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M. B. Garnet
in the 180-day notices does not apply to Federal installa-
tions.
Now, as you know, Mr» Lyon, after working with me
in the Federal Government for years, this rule has long
obtained in any legislation we have that the sovereign does
not regulate itself unless it specifically says so. This
is not within our jurisdiction. And that is what the
Executive Order is designed to take care of.
But the 180-day notices or anything of that sort
do not apply. As a matter of fact, the Administration pro-
posals call for Federal installations to be included in the
conference proceedings for the first time. We had just
taken this on because we feel, and I am sure the States feel,
it is our duty. But legally, we have nothing to rely on
here for compliance except that Executive Order.
MR. LYON: Legally, all of the legalities aside,
are you going to clean up the pollution? I have some inside
information there is a public sewer a few hundred yards away.
And it seems to me this might be an easier way to solve that
problem.
MR. STEIN: Well, we could ask. How about that?
MR. GAMET: I think Mr. O'Leary probably could
answer that question better than I.
MR. STEIN: Can we get an answer for Mr. Lyon?
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M. B. Garnet
MR. O'LEARY: We don't own the property.
Shall I answer? The property still belongs to the
navy. And we have plans to take care of the pollution prob-
lem if and when it ever should come under our jurisdiction.
At the present time we are just occupying space that belongs
to the Navy.
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments on Federal
installations?
MR. PURDY: Mr. Stein, I can't drop it where
Blucher left it. You mentioned that the Federal Government
through its Executive Order and so forth has taken action
and you have a commitment with respect to the Federal instal-
lations. I think the States have also taken action.
From the Governor this morning, you received a
commitment on behalf of the State of Michigan. From Mr.
Barlow's report, there are some Michigan municipalities that
are behind schedule. We are distressed that we have fallen
behind. There are some municipalities in some of the other
States that have fallen behind. There is a total of some 78.
I suspect if we had an opportunity for each one of
these to present a statement that you would hear much the
same sort of information as has been presented with respect
to the Federal installations. And that is the financial
problem. So this really is a universal problem.
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M. B. Garnet
I don't know that it is nice to hear that the
Federal Government shares the same problem, but at least
maybe there is some comfort in it that this problem exists
from the top level of the Federal Government right on down
into the local levels.
MR. STEIN: I don't know that there is any comfort
in that. Mr. Klassen of Illinois isn't here, but he swears
I told this story on him one time. A discussion like this
was going on, and I said that it reminded me of the old
western story where in the waiting room of the brothel, 2 of
the girls were discussing it. As a matter of fact, one
madam was visiting the other, and they were having a big
argument as to which one was more respectable than the other,
I don't know what to say to you.
MR. POOLE: We made our point, Mr. Chairman. Go
ahead.
MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions?
MR. PURDY: I have a question with respect to the
base at Grosse lie. And is it contemplated that the FWQA
will maintain their occupation of this property for some
time in the future?
MR. MAYO: The agency has just gotten a permit to
occupy one of the larger buildings on the site. There are
some appraisals going on at the present time that if they
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W. L. Hartman
are consummated would lead to a fairly long-range occupancy
at Grosse lie.
MR. HJRDY: In that case, then, are there discus-
sions between the FWQA and the Navy from the standpoint of
taking over the operation of the utilities, in particular
the sewage treatment plant, or is there any thought under
way to join the Grosse lie municipal system?
MR. MAYO: The discussions with the Navy in terms
of occupancy include consideration of the treatment plant.
And certainly the close proximity of a sewer line introduces
an opportunity to bring that into the total discussion.
MR. PURDY: Is there any time schedule for a final
decision?
MR. MAYO: No, I can't give you one.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Any other comment or question?
(No response.)
If not, thank you very much, Mr. Garnet.
Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: The next Federal agency presentation
will be from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The state-
ment will be given by Dr. Wilbur L. Hartman, the Investiga-
tion Chief for the Lower Great Lakes Program of the Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries.
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207
W. L. Hartman
STATEMENT OF WILBUR L. HARTMAN,
INVESTIGATION CHIEF, LOWER GREAT LAKES
PROGRAM, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
MR. HARTMAN: Mr. Chairman, conferees, ladies and
gentlemen, before I begin the presentation of the statement,
I would like to introduce my fellow delegates from the
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries with us today. Later on, we
may want to direct some of the questions to these people in
their particular area of competence.
Mr. Robert Schueler is here, our water resources
studies coordinator, who has participated over the many years
in basinwide resource management planning programs.
Mr. John Carr, investigation chief for our environ-
mental research has conducted limnological research on Lakes
Huron and Michigan.
And Mr. Harry Seagron, director of our technology
laboratory in Ann Arbor, has assumed most recently the leader-
ship of the bureau's role in the mercury crisis in the Great
Lakes.
Although there are many facets to Lake Erie's
environmental and pollution problems, it is the aquatic life
organisms from the smallest algal cells to the largest fish
that have borne the brunt of the changes and are the principal
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W. L. Hartman
vectors for transmitting the effects of change to man.
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has been engaged in
research on all of these organisms and their environment for
almost 50 years. Today it is virtually the only U. S. Federal
agency conducting basic research directly on the fish and
aquatic life resources of the Great Lakes. Our statement
for the June 3, 1970, Lake Erie Enforcement Conference was
prepared from this perspective.
Despite the tremendous value of the Great Lakes,
a malaise is seriously destroying their worth. Accelerated
enrichment, unabated pollution, over-exploitation, and intro-
ductions of exotic species, have all been guided — more
often misguided — by man.
For over 100 years Lake Erie has supported a viable
commercial fishery. Even today, more than 50 million pounds
of fishes are landed annually by U. S. and Canadian fishermen.
The U. S. sport fishery has tremendously increased in the
past few years. The current value of the sport fishery and
the commercial fishery, U. S. and Canada, is approximately
$5 million today. This represents 70 million pounds of fish.
Unfortunately, there has been a drastic change in
the commercial and sport harvest from high value fishes to
medium and low value fishes. The famous commercial and sport
fisheries for lake trout, northern pike, blue pike and sauger
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209
W. L. Hartman
are things of the past now. Sturgeon, the whitefish and
ciscoes have become almost commercial extinct. An emphasis
now is on catching such medium-value fishes as yellow perch
and white bass.
Many other changes in the living aquatic resources
and environment of Lake Erie have been more directly caused
by industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution and
enrichment — specifically, massive nuisance and toxic algal
blooms of Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, destruction of the
valuable mayfly benthos in the western and central basins, a
20-fold increase in plankton which is the diet staple for
several nuisance and low-value fishes that are now prolifera-
ting in Lake Erie, dangerous mercury levels in the fishes,
high pesticide levels, the destruction of spawning areas of
some of our most valuable fishes, and the disappearance of
oxygen from extensive regions in the bottom waters of the
central basin.
Unless major action is taken immediately to remedy
the deleterious activities of man, Lake Erie tomorrow will
have very few walleyes, an unhealthy yellow perch population,
increasingly larger populations of low-value fishes such as
carp, goldfish, suckers, freshwater drum and alewives.
Without effective action, Lake Erie tomorrow will
have increased fish kills, smothering algal blooms, greater
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210
W. L. Hartman
bacterial contamination and more extensive oxygen depletion.
The quality of water so desperately needed by so many users
will continue to be degraded.
Now, idt us focus our attention on a series of
topics. Only the highlights will be presented here. A great
deal of detailed information on these topics and others,
especially the status of the fishery resources by species in
Lake Erie are presented in a detailed background statement
that has been distributed to the conferees.
MR. STEIN: Do you want that in the record?
Without objection, that statement distributed to
the conferees will be entered as if read.
Go ahead.
(The above-referred to report follows in its
entirety.)
-------
Ann Arbor
^Michigan
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212
STATEMENT ON LAKE ERIE
by
U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Department of the Interior
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Presented at
The Lake Erie Enforcement Conference
Cobo Hall
Detroit, Michigan
June 3, 1970
Delivered by Dr. Wilbur L. Hartman, Investigation Chief,
Lower Great Lakes Program.
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213
PREFACE
Although there are many facets to Lake Erie's environmental and
pollution problems, it is the aquatic life organisms from the smallest
algal cells to the largest fish that have borne the brunt of the changes
and are the principal vectors for transmitting the effects of change to
man. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has been engaged in research
on all of these organisms and their environment for almost 50 years.
Today it is virtually the only U.S. Federal agency conducting basic
research directly related to fish and aquatic life resources of the Great
Lakes. Our statement for the June 3, 1970 Lake Erie Enforcement Conference
was prepared from this perspective.
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214
INTRODUCTION
Despite the tremendous value of the Great Lakes, America's greatest
freshwater resource, a malaise is seriously destroying their worth. Accel-
erated enrichment, unabated pollution, over-exploitation, and introductions
of exotic species, have all been guided—more often misguided—by man. Of
all five Great Lakes, Lake Erie stands out as the one most seriously damaged
and in the greatest jeopardy at the present time.
For over 100 years Lake Erie has supported a viable commercial fishery.
Even today, more than 50 million pounds of fishes are landed annually by U. S.
and Canadian fishermen which is comparable to levels dating back to 1915. The
U. S. sport fishery has tremendously increased in the last decade. The cur-
rent value of these combined U. S. fisheries in Lake Erie is nearly $5,000,000.
This represents nearly 70 million pounds of fish. The capital investment in
gear for these fisheries is hundreds of millions of dollars when the thousands
of pleasure boats are considered.
Unfortunately there has been a drastic shift in the commercial and sport
harvest from high-value fishes to medium- and low-value fishes. The famous •
commercial and sport fisheries for lake trout, northern pike, blue pike, and
sauger are now a thing of the past. Sturgeon, whitefish, and ciscoes have
also nearly reached extinction. Emphasis now is on catching such medium-value
fishes as yellow perch and white bass.
Many other changes in the aquatic living resources and environment of
Lake Erie have been more directly caused by industrial, municipal, and
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215
-2-
agricultural pollution and enrichment: specifically, massive nuisance and
toxic algal blooms of Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, destruction of the
valuable mayfly benthos in the western and central basins, a 20-fold increase
in plankton which is the diet staple for several nuisance and low-value fishes
that have undergone population explosions in the last 15 years, increased
levels of such pesticides as DDT and Dieldrin in fish flesh, dangerously high
levels of mercury in many fishes, the destruction of spawning areas of some of
our most valuable fishes, and disappearance of oxygen from the bottom waters
of the central basin during the summer.
Unless major action is taken immediately to remedy these deleterious
activities of man—Lake Erie tomorrow will have very few walleyes, an
unhealthy perch population, increasingly larger populations of low-value
fishes such as carp, goldfish, suckers, freshwater drum (sheepshead), and
alewives. Without effective action, Lake Erie tomorrow will have increased
fish kills, smothering algal blooms, greater bacterial contamination, and
more extensive oxygen depletion.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE ERIE
Morphometry
Lake Erie is fourth in size among the Great Lakes. It is 241 miles long,
57 miles wide at its widest point, and has a surface area of 9,900 square
miles (Figure 1). Its drainage area is 32,490 square miles. It is the
shallowest of the Great Lakes; over 90 percent of its total area is less than
80 feet in depth.
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216
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The lake Is about evenly divided between the United States and Canada;
four states (Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York) share Jurisdiction
with the province of Ontario. The 13 million people that live around Lake
Erie depend in many ways on its fishery and aquatic resources. This popula-
tion is expected to double by the year 2020.
Lake Erie is geologically divided into three basins—western, central,
and eastern. The western basin extends east to a line connecting the tip
of Point Pelee and the tip of Cedar Point. It contains numerous shoals and
islands and has an average depth of less than 25 feet. This basin, represent-
ing 12 percent of the lake area, is often considered the fish spawning and
nursery grounds for the entire lake, and it is the site of very extensive
boating, fishing, and other recreational activities. Because of its shallow
depth, however, it has been more vulnerable to change caused by man's activities.
The large central basin, making up 64 percent of the lake area, extends east to
a line connecting the base of Long Point and the base of Presque Isle. It is
somewhat deeper than the western basin and has a huge flat plain between 60
and 78 feet deep. The eastern basin, the deepest of the three, has a maximum
depth of 210 feet, and represents 24 percent of the lake area.
Lake Erie receives the waters of the Detroit River at an average flow of
177,600 cfs. It discharges through the Niagara River, which can vary in flow
from 162,000 to 330,000 cfs in a week but averages 195,800 cfs. Aside from
the Detroit River, the lake drainage contributes an average of only
18,200 cfs.
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218
-4-
Thermal Conditions
The waters of Lake Erie undergo considerable thermal change each season.
During severe-winters 95 percent of the surface may be ice covered. Gradual
warming begins in March or April and continues through the spring. Warming
progresses somewhat faster along the shore and around islands, and may be
4 to 6 F higher in these areas than in the open lake. Summer surface tem-
peratures exceed 75 F every year.
The western basin is usually homothermous but prolonged periods of hot,
calm weather can cause temporary thermal stratification during the summer
period. Thermal stratification in the central basin is more stable. Waters
deeper than 40 feet are usually well stratified by mid-July every year although
transitory stratification may occur a month earlier. This stratification
usually breaks down in early September. Stratification in the deeper areas of
the eastern basin starts in July and may continue into October.
At the present time Lake Erie averages about 2 F warmer than during the
early 1920's. The greatest increase in mean annual temperatures (air and
water) occurred between 1925 and 1930.
Currents
The surface currents are greatly influenced by wind action. Their
general west to east direction is caused by the predominantly westerly winds
along the axis of the lake. The Detroit River flow usually does not spread
out over the entire western basin. Entering the lake, it flows toward the
north shore and enters the central basin between Pelee Point and Pelee Island.
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219
-5-
Polluted waters from the Maumee and Raisin Rivers and the west side of the
Detroit River usually flow through the southern part of the western basin and
between Pelee and Kelleys Islands and Kelleys Island and Marblehead Peninsula
into the central basin. The usual flow pattern in the central basin is
dominated by a west to east current along the Ohio shore. Little information
j
is available on currents in the eastern basin, but these currents are probably
dominated by the influence of the Niagara River.
Water Chemistry
Lake Erie waters are bicarbonate (average total alkalinity, as CaCOo,
95 ppm). The average pH is 8.3 and the specific conductance is 242 umhos at
18 C. Sulfate concentrations (24.0 ppm) are virtually the same as chlorides
(23.4 ppm). Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium concentrations are
38.3, 8.9, 9.6, and 1.4 ppm respectively. In general, the concentrations of
the major cations and anions increase from west to east. Silica concentrations
average 1.5 ppm although at times only traces may be found due to the high
demand of diatom algae.
M;m is presently responsible for dumping about 40 billion gallons of
untreated municipal sewage and many billion gallons more of partially treated
sewage into the lake each year. An estimated 137,000 pounds of phosphorous
enter Lake Erie each day, the majority (72%) from municipal waters. The con-
sequence of long-term additions to Lake Erie of such a magnitude has been
substantial increases in nutrient levels.
Total dissolved solids all increased significantly (50 ppm) in Lake Erie :
during the past 50 years. The rate of change of the major ions during recent
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220
-6-
years has been: sodium-plus-potassium 0.16 ppm/yr, chloride 0.35 ppm/yr,
sulfate 0.19 ppm/yr, and calcium 0.13 ppm/yr (Figure 2).
Available information on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus
is not fully reliable. However, free ammonia in the western basin was
measured at 0.013 ppm in 1930, 0.036 ppm in 1942, 0.033 ppm in 1946, and
0.092 ppm in 1958. Nitrites increased from 0.005 ppm in 1930 to 0.008 ppm
in 1942. Nitrates increased from 0.10 ppm in 1930 to 0.83 ppm in 1958. The
concentration of total phosphorus varies from 49 to 474 parts per billion (ppb)
at Pte Mouille, from 33 to 206 ppb near Maumee Bay, from 8 to 175 ppb (median
50 ppb) around the islands, and from 9 to 22 ppb in the western part of the
central basin.
Phosphorus concentrations have evidently increased. The average total
phosphorus in the island region was 14.4 ppb in 1942, 33 ppb in 19-58, and
36 ppb in 1959. The most recent data on water chemistry of Lake Erie indicates
that there has been no slowdown in the increase rates.
Besides such enriching and fertilizing agents as phosphates and nitrates,
other chemicals that are clearly toxic and harmful to aquatic life are dis- •
charged into Lake Erie in industrial wastes. The levels of DDT and the other
pesticides have been found at moderate levels in Lake Erie fishes. Oil
spillages from commercial shipping are frequent. Phenols, cyanides, acids,
and exotic organic compounds are among the many outright pollutants. Increased
siltation is another physical factor with potentially great impact on the
fishery resources, especially for those fishes such as whitefish and walleye
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221
40
35
30
1
W
a,
20
15
10
Calcium
Sodium and Potassium
Sulfate
I
1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 i960 1970
YEAR
Over the past 50 years a considerable increase in the chemical
content of Lake Erie water has taken place. Total dissolved
solids have risen from 140 to 185 parts per million. Increases
in certain specific ions are shown here.
FIGURR 2
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222
that broadcast their eggs along the lake bottom. About 33,000,000 tons of
sediment reach Lake Erie each year, with about half coming from lakeshore
erosion. Use of the open lake as a dumping grounds for dredgings from
channel excavations still remains a critical problem. The smothering effect
of sedimentation on fish eggs and other bottom associated organisms has
unquestionably been detrimental and may be a major factor in the decline of
some of our valuable fish stocks.
Plankton (floating plants and animals)
The combination of generally warm water temperatures, slightly increas-
ing over the years, and tremendous increases in nutrient levels has resulted
in dramatic increases in organic production, particularly at the algal level.
There has been a 20-fold increase in the abundance of plankton algae over
the past 50 years. The growths of filamentous algae such as Cladophora have
dramatically increased. This combination has created a real nuisance problem
along the shores of Lake Erie costing the economy millions of tax dollars
via devalued properties.
During the past 26 years a consistent increase had been noted in the
quantity of phytoplankton at the Cleveland water intake. Periods of peak
abundance now last longer than in the past. Asterionella, the dominant diatom
in the spring in earlier years has been replaced by Melosira. Synedra dominated
the fall pulse in the 1920's, but it has been replaced by Melosira. More
recently, Fragilaria and the blue-green alga, Ababaena, have become important
in the composition of the summer phytoplankton.
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223
Adverse changes have occurred in the composition of other plankton algae.
The noxious blue-green algaes, Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, have recently
become dominant summer species. In 1969, the late summer blooms of these
noxious forms in the western basin were unusually and unbelievably dense and
widespread.
Oxygen Levels
Organic production has a direct impact on the oxygen regime in Lake Erie.
The fallout of dead algae sinking through the water column to the lake bottom
creates a tremendous biological-oxygen-demand (BOD) during decomposition. The
greater the organic production, the higher will be this BOD. This phenomenon
plus the introduction of reduced, oxygen-demanding organic and inorganic
materials into Lake Erie have seriously degraded the oxygen levels.
Dissolved-oxygen content in the surface waters may vary considerably.
Diurnal changes can be significant. During temporary stratification of the
western basin, dissolved oxygen in bottom waters is seriously depleted, some-
times to levels far below those which can support fish life. Synoptic surveys
conducted in 1959 and 1960 revealed that less than 1 ppm dissolved oxygen was
found to be in bottom water over between 641 and 1,390 square miles of Lake
Erie. Much more extensive oxygen depletion has been observed in the bottom
waters of the central basin every year since 1959.
Critically low dissolved oxygen has not been reported to date in the
eastern basin, although in this "deep hole", concentrations as low as 5.5 ppm
(47 percent saturation) have been reported, indicating that the depletion
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-9-
process has already started. The latest data available confirm these earlier
findings. Oxygen deficits are at least as serious as they were 10 years ago.
The problem of low oxygen levels in Lake Erie is doubly complex. Although
organic production has greatly increased, the biological-oxygen-demand even in
the lower waters does not appear to be sufficient to fully deplete the dissolved
oxygen to the enormous extent we have seen. However, the sediments have a high
oxygen demand which is both biological and chemical. Recent laboratory tests
showed that a small amount of western basin sediment (5 gm) can remove almost
all the dissolved oxygen in a 250 ml water sample in less than 5 minutes.
The fallout of plankton cells is one of the two primary sources of oxygen
demand. Solution of this problem merely requires that the input of nutrients
be reduced. From the fishery resources standpoint, every encouragement should
be given to achieving this removal which is technically possible. But,
oxygen-demanding materials have accumulated in the sediments for many years,
and the problem is obviously more complex. It will be correspondingly more
difficult to correct.
Bottom Organisms
Degradation of the oxygen regime has dramatically altered the populations
of bottom organisms so essential in the diet of certain valuable fish. Since
1953, this phenomenon has reduced the abundance of mayfly larvae (Hexagenia)
from 400 to 10 individuals per square meter (Figure 3), and in places, entirely
eliminated them; increased the numbers and distribution of sludge worms
(oligochaetes) many-fold^ reduced caddisfly larvae almost to the vanishing
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225
AMHERSTBUAO
Hexogenio Nymphs
Number Per Squore Meter
1930
AKMEBSIBURO
STATE
TlTiE
Hexogenia Nymphs
Number Per Square Meter
1961
In 1930, the general abundance of mayfly nymphs in the western basin
of Lake Erie was between 50 and 500 per square meter of bottom. Low
oxygen caused by polluted sediments virtually destroyed this valuable
fish food resource by 1961.
Up until 20 years ago there was enough dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters of the
central basin of Lake Erie all summer long to sustain insect and fish life. A synop-
tic survey in the summer of 1960 showed oxygen levels lower than 2 parts per million
over vast areas of the bottom.
FIGURE 3
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226
-10-
point, favored large increases in the populations of low oxygen-tolerant forms
of midges; reduced the nontolerant midge forms; caused an increase in some
species of fingernail clams; and generally reduced the numbers of all pollution-
sensitive bottom organisms. The original community of organisms was an essen-
tial part of the food chain which contributed vital components to the survival
and normal growth of the various species of fish that were desirable in the
fishery. Changes in this community of food organisms have adversely affected
the more desirable fish populations and, in turn, the economics of the fishing
industry. To the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, this rather narrow stratum
in the bottom of Lake Erie, with its associated low dissolved oxygen content,
is so polluted that the status of the entire lake as a useful producer of
fishery products is uncertain.
LAKE ERIE FISHERY RESOURCES
Lake Erie has consistently produced the greatest variety of commercial
species of fishes of any of the Great Lakes (Figure 4). No less than nineteen
species have been significant in the landings at one time or another in the
more than 150 years since fishing began. Records of fish production from Lake
Erie were collected as early as 1867 in Ontario and 1885 in the United States.
The combined United States and Canadian catch has averaged 50 million pounds
per year over the past 55 years (Figure 5). It has often equaled the combined
production of the remaining four Great Lakes, and has always accounted for at
least a third of the total Great Lakes production. Presumably the shallowness
of Lake Erie, its warmer water temperatures, and the much higher level of
fertility has been responsible for its greater productivity.
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227
COMMERCIAL
FISHES
RECREATIONAL
FISHES
— WALLEYE
• YELLOW PERCH
-r WHITE BASS -
FRESHWATER DRUM
CATFISH
SMELT
— CARP
COHO SALMON
BLACK BASS -
FORAGE FISHES
EMERALD SHINERS
SPOTTAIL SHINERS
GIZZARD SHAD
The fish resource of Lake Erie is a complex biological system involving
predator fish—walleye—, forage fish—emerald shiners—, competitor
fish—yellow perch and freshwater drum—, parasitic fish—sea lamprey—,
and fish that seriously disturb the environment—carp—.
FIGURE 4
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229
—11—
Despite continued high productivity, a number of valuable species have
virtually disappeared from the commercial landings. Early records suggest
a fairly stable production until 1913. This early fishery was based on
sturgeon, Cisco, whitefish, and northern pike. By the 1920's the populations
of sturgeon and northern pike were virtually depleted and the cisco and
whitefish bore the brunt of the fishery. Production was fairly stable
between 1930 and 1950, although by 1950 the cisco were in a rapid and
unexplained decline. By 1955 they were commercially extinct.
Beginning in the early 1950's a period of great instability in the Lake
Erie fish population began. Walleyes and yellow perch began explosive
increases. This change from the cold-water forms to the warm-water species
reflected environmental changes in the lake. Canadian fish production rose
in the decade 1950-60 because of increased landings of walleyes and yellow
perch due to increased effort and such technological advances as nylon gill
nets and ship-to-ship radio transceivers. During this time, however, United
States catches were substantially reduced as three "high-value" species—the
whitefish, blue pike, and sauger—declined drastically in abundance. White-
fish landings abruptly decreased in 1955 and have become virtually nil since
then. By 1963, for example, less than 1,000 pounds per year were being
landed. Blue pike production dropped from over 10 million pounds in 1957
to less than 2 million in 1958. The population then completely collapsed,
and the blue pike is now on the national endangered species list. Saugers
began to decline in 1945 and are now almost extinct in Lake Erie.
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230
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In summary, we have seen the commercial extinction of six species of fish
that were historically of great importance to the Lake Erie fishery: sturgeon.
northern pike, cisco, whitefish, blue pike, and sauger.
Over the last 55 years the composition of the commercial catch has
dramatically shifted to medium-value and low-value fishes (Figure 6). Between
1920 and 1940, five of these high-value fishes dominated the catch. By 1960
the only high-value fish represented in the commercial catch was the w,?1" eye.
In 1920, only three low-value fishes, carp, freshwater drum, and suckers, w^re
minor components of the catch. Today these three low-value fishes toge';""-•;
with smelt and goldfish dominate the catch. Table 1 summarizes thr \. k" "->
commercial fish landings for 1969.
Dramatic changes in the aquatic environment in L?.lc? Erie over the r~"
30 years have paralleled the disappearance of some high-i's? ue fishes
explosive appearance of low-value fishes, and wide fluctuations ir. •"• "
strength of such fishes as walleye, yellow perch. .:.•:• ..'*•<• ":ass.
Although the pounds of fish landed hav net .'scTeas^c : th '.-•-
the U. S. share has declined steadily. T"ie C"~ • " -~ J.-'s'-'c1--
than 25 percent of the catch in the ~.?20'r., -r.r " ba-c" " -.---'•
Now they produce more than 80 perce""- -^" C.'.P cc • --. r _ -.
Another area of man's influence ~-~ ' ~-~ -~ -' ^~- - o"r f
in the introduction of exotic fishes. Sc- • '-• jro-v:"'1"' jr. -
such as that of the sea lamprey which entered .^ir _'• " " _' '^a^.c.i.
impact of the sea lamprey on the fishery resources o.T ".^ ' e Iric car
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231
ABUNDANCE
1920
PERCH
WHITEFISH
SHEEPSHEAD
SUCKER
WALLEYE
CHANNEL
LOWEST CATFISH
1969
YELLOW
PERCH
SMELT
CARP
SHEEPSHEAD
WHITE BASS
WALLEYE
CHANNEL
CATFISH
SUCKER
•GOLDFISH
BULLHEAD
CODE: HIGH-VALUE
MED-VALUE
LOW-VALUE
In 1920, the commercial catch from Lake Erie was dominated by
five high-value fishes—cisco, blue pike, sauger, whitefish,
and walleye. Now only the walleye is left and it is in serious
decline. The pressures of rapid environmental degradation and
heavy exploitation have left us with a fishery resource composed
only of medium and low-value fishes.
FIGURE 6
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233
-13-
measured, but undoubtedly was less severe than in the upper Great Lakes.
Other species either intentionally or indiscriminately planted in Lake Erie
waters over the years include carp, buffalofish, goldfish, eel, smelt,
alewife, and salmon. Just what effect these releases have had on existing
aquatic resources are unknown, but they did supply some species capable of
proliferating in a degraded environment.
Current Status
The last "high-value" species, the walleye, is in sharp decline. The
Lake Erie fishery now depends on such "medium-value" species as yellow perch,
white bass, and channel catfish, and such "low-value" species as carp,
goldfish, smelt, and freshwater drum. A few brief statements follow for
the major commercial and sport fishes in Lake Erie today.
Walleye.—The walleyes have long provided one of the primary commercial
and sport fisheries in Lake Erie. In the mid-1930's, commercial landings
began to increase and the trend of production was upward, slowly at first,
then rising rapidly in the 1950's to an unprecedented catch of 15.5 million
pounds in 1956. Since that date the production has dropped abruptly to
pre-1935 levels.
In the 1940's and early 1950's the commercial harvest was composed of
significant numbers of six or more year classes. Since 1955, fishing for
the few relatively successful year classes of walleye has become intensive.
It has been determined that strong year classes of walleye were produced in
nearly all years from 1943 to 1954. Comparatively weak year classes were
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234
-14-
produced In 1955-58. Within the past decade, good fry hatches have been pro-
duced in only 3 years—1959, 1962, and 1965 (Figure 7). Exploitation has
been concentrated on only a few year classes and catches have sharply
declined. For example, 1969 landings were the lowest recorded for Lake Erie
dating back to the 1913 era (the period when complete statistics were first
available).
The recent downward trend in walleye production has taken place
entirely in the western and central basins of the lake. Catches at eastern
basin ports have increased. The eastern basin fish are an independent
self-sustaining sub-population. It is not fully clear what has brought on
this long period of generally unsuccessful walleye hatches in the western
basin. It seems reasonable, however, to assume that environmental degradation
is a causative factor, perhaps intensified by heavy utilization.
Yellow perch.—Long a significant element in the fish population of Lake
Erie, the yellow perch has contributed consistently to the commercial landings.
Until the 1950's, the yellow perch was considered of secondary importance.
However, in recent years producers have come to depend increasingly upon the
yellow perch.
Relatively strong year classes of perch are known to have been produced
in the mid-1950's, culminating in an exceptionally good hatch in 1959.
Unfortunately, the spawning success and survival of young perch has undergone
considerable fluctuation during the past decade. Good hatches did occur in
1962 and 1965. On the other hand, all other year classes since 1960 have been
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235
WALLEYE
1959 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
YEAR
1959 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
YEAR
Here are shown the relative numbers of young-of-the-year
walleye and freshwater drum (sheepshead) sampled with bottom
trawls in Western Lake Erie at permanent index stations, 1959-
69. The walleye, the last high value fish in Lake Erie, is in
drastic decline with good hatches only every third or fourth
year. Freshwater drum on the other hand are rapidly increasing
in numbers and constitute a huge underutilized resource.
FIGURE 7
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236
-15-
comparatively weak. The lack of a relatively good year class being produced
within the past 3 years is discouraging. These poor hatches and low survivals
from a stock more than adequate to replenish the population points toward
"deteriorating environmental conditions" as a contributing factor.-
The unusually high production of yellow perch during the past several
years tends to mask the pessimistic outlook for this species. The commercial
production has been extremely high in comparison to that of former years. In
fact, the 1969 production of 33 million pounds is the highest in the history
of the yellow perch fishery. However, a marked decline in production is fore-
cast for 1970 and will continue a downward trend thereafter until other
successful year classes are produced.
The anticipated decline of yellow perch will have a tremendous economic
impact on both the commercial and sport fisheries of Lake Erie. Biologists
associated with the sport fishery have estimated the annual harvest of yellow
perch in Ohio waters in recent years to be equal to or greater than that of
the commercial fishery. Although statistics are not available for the other
state sectors, the sport fishery is steadily increasing in all areas and its
significance is becoming fully recognized.
Smelt.—The smelt in Lake Erie apparently owe their origin to fish that
escaped from an inland lake into Lake Michigan. First reported in Lake Erie
in 1932, the smelt was not commercially important until the early 1950's.
Since 1959, Canadian fishermen have harvested over 10 million pounds annually
mostly with trawls. During the past year, over 15 million pounds of smelt
were landed, second only to yellow perch in production.
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237
-16-
Smelt frequent the deeper waters of the central and eastern basins and
migrate into Canadian waters of the western basin only in winter and early
spring. A variable but generally good hatch and survival of the species has
occurred in all recent years.
Freshwater drum.—The freshwater drum (sheepshead) has always been
plentiful in Lake Erie, but in the last 10 years the strength of year classes
has substantially increased. Commercial landings have averaged over 3 million
pounds annually since the early 1900's. However, the catches fail to reflect
abundance since freshwater drum have been harvested only in quantities that
would meet a restricted demand. -Recently, some increase in landings have
been made to meet a demand for animal food. Some progress is also being made
to market this species for human consumption.
The importance of this species cannot be over-stressed due to their
increasing abundance and potential as a commercial fish. The freshwater drum
probably constitutes the largest underexploited fish population in Lake Erie
today. Greater catches might benefit the stocks of other fishes in the lake
that are considered more desirable.
White bass.—Since 1952 (when complete production figures were first
available for this species) total landings have ranged from 2 to 9 million
pounds annually. In the earlier years of the Lake Erie fishery, the white
bass was considered an "incidental" species and was not actively sought by
the fisherman. Today the white bass, along with yellow perch, are the most
"sought after" species by the commercial and sport fishery alike.
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238
-17-
Channel catfish.—The channel catfish has supported a relatively stable
fishery for the past 15 years with annual landings ranging from 1.2 to 2.0
million pounds. A good market for live catfish is always available and the
demand far exceeds the supply. There is evidence that the population may now
be slightly overexploited. The landings in 1969, for example, were less than
838,000 pounds. Channel catfish are rather slow growing, requiring between
6 and 7 years to attain the legal minimum commercial size of 14 inches (Ohio
and Michigan). This species is also highly sought by sportsmen, particularly
during the late spring period when the catfish congregate in shoal areas.
Carp, goldfish, suckers, and bullheads.—These species are frequently
classified as "coarse" or "noxious" fishes. It is unlikely that commercial
production in recent years has ever fully exploited the available stocks of
any of these rather abundant species. Collectively, they have significant
value as a potential industrial resource because of their high abundance and
flourishing recruitment.
Forage species.—There are two species, while not presently of commercial
significance in Lake Erie, that should be mentioned. These are the alewife
and gizzard shad. Although both fluctuate greatly in abundance, it is believed
that these among other low-value fishes have considerable potential in the
industrial market.
The alewife, first recorded in Lake Erie in 1931, became established at
a modest level of density. Gizzard shad are indigenous to Lake Erie and have
exhibited drastic population fluctuations from year to year. These presently
non-commercial species represent a huge biomass currently tied up in non-
productive uses.
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239
-18-
Coho salmon.—The recent stocking of coho salmon in Lake Erie has been
purposeful and interest in this sport fish is rapidly expanding. There are no
indications yet just what effect this introduction will have on the various
fishery resources. If it is deleterious, at least this experiment can be
terminated by discontinuing the stocking program. This introduction, however,
can prove beneficial not only as an attraction to the sportsman's eye, but also
as a terminal predator that is needed.
Collectively, all the aforementioned species provide a valuable resource
that cannot be overlooked nor neglected. The current value of the U. S.
landings alone of commercial, bait, and sport fish in Lake Erie is estimated
at nearly $5,000,000. This represents nearly 70 million pounds of fish. The
capital investment for gear for these fisheries is hundreds of millions of
dollars when the thousands of pleasure boats are considered. Shore property
values are worth billions of dollars. All these values are, however, declining
because of the changing environment.
FISHERY RESOURCES - SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Thermal Effluents
The number of nuclear power plants on Lake Erie is proliferating. Con-
siderable concern on our Bureau's part deals with potential deleterious effects
of heated discharges on the fishery and associated aquatic resources for the
following reasons:
First, a uniform increase of temperature in Lake Erie will increase the
metabolic activities of organisms and result in ever-increasing levels of
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240
-19-
organic production. This, in turn, would increase the rates of BOD and the
degradation of the oxygen regime. We have already mentioned the wholesale
destruction of bottom organisms over hundreds of square miles of Lake Erie.
Second, the highly valuable walleye in western Lake Erie have discrete
spawning sites on shallow reefs. The spawning areas are shallow, 2 to 10 feet
in depth, and the spawning and incubation physiologies of this species are
such that heated discharges would severely disrupt spawning activities and
destroy incubating eggs.
Third, unpublished data from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Sandusky
Fishery Laboratory show that an increase in incubation temperatures, for
example from 10 to 15 C, will decrease the incubation period of walleyes from
20 days down to 10 days. It is quite possible that unnatural heating in areas
where eggs are incubating would result in unnaturally earlier hatching when
the environment could be unsuitable to their survival. German scientists have
demonstrated this phenomenon for the reduction of whitefish in Lake Constance.
Thus, for these and other reasons we are most apprehensive about the
discharge of any heated effluents into Lake Erie, and especially the western
basin. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will continue to conduct basic
research related to this problem. We feel it is also the responsibility of
industry and all water quality agencies to recognize and address their
resources to the problem.
Walleye Spawning Reefs
Of great concern now is the instability of year class success and sharp
decline for western basin populations of both walleye and yellow perch, the
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241
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two most important species for commercial and sport fishermen. Not since
1965 have either species had a real successful spawning, despite a large
spawning population available in 1968 and 1969 from the 1965 year class.
For years many people have felt that the decline and disappearance of so
many valuable species of fishes from Lake Erie were due to over-exploitation.
But the decline of the walleye and yellow perch today must be attributed in
part to deterioration of the environment. In this sense, the populations are
in double jeopardy.
Research on the walleye spawning season in 1969 tend to support our con-
tentions that the degraded environment is a primary factor influencing the
levels of abundance of certain fish populations in Lake Erie.
Underwater observations for 2 weeks during the first half of the spawning
season showed a rapid buildup of algae growth (Cladophora) all over the
rubble on the spawning reef. Eggs were abundant in the rubble and laying on
the algae mat. Then, following a severe "Northeaster" storm, the spawning
reef was dramatically changed. The rubble, including boulders 2 feet in
diameter, had been overturned and disarranged. The rubble was scoured bare
of algae. The reef was cleared of sediment. A seemingly ideal spawning
environment remained for the second half of the spawning season. Water
temperatures were rapidly rising, shortening the length of the incubation
period. The resultant year class was unexpectedly good though not nearly
the magnitude of the one in 1965.
Normally, the rate of sedimentation on the walleye reefs is quite high. About
15,000,000 tons of sediment are carried into Lake Erie each year and as much
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242
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more is eroded off the shoreline. Although our observations in 1969 cannot
be supported with a great deal of data, they have suggested to us that
sedimentation on the walleye reefs may be already reducing population levels
of walleye. The reduction of sediment discharge into Lake Erie is undoubtedly
necessary for the preservation of such bottom egg-laying fishes as walleye,
white bass, smelt, and yellow perch to some extent.
Introduction of Coho Salmon
Although several species of salmon fry have been repeatedly stocked in
Lake Erie since 1870 without triumph, the experimental introductions of
yearling coho salmon in recent times appear to be gaining steady momentum
with resounding success. The newly coordinated coho program officially began
in the spring of 1968 with the release of 121,000 salmon in the tributary
waters of Ohio, Pennsylvania-, and New York. Plantings were continued in 1969
with the spring release of 230,000 yearlings and again this spring with
another 545,000 fish.
Most of these coho salmon were fin clipped for identification of state
origin. These fish mature to adult size in the fall of the following year
and return to their origin of release to spawn. Based on the returns from
the 1968 stockings, the adults may range in weight from 4 to 10 pounds.
Sufficient numbers are being captured in the fall to initiate and continue
a hatchery and propagation program on an indefinite basis.
Important research information on these stockings, however, is meager.
Estimates of harvest of coho from the original 1968 stocking were about 10
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243
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percent. These catches represent sportsmen's landings and returns to weirs
on the spawning streams. The commercial fishery is prohibited from taking
this species. Additional data suggests that the cohos move slowly about the
lake in a clockwise direction. Little, however, is known about their rate
of growth, feeding habits, and association with other fishes. We have no idea
what the impact of coho salmon will be on the other valuable commercial and
sport fishery resources such as yellow perch, smelt, and the forage fishes.
The most important questions currently are unanswered and will remain so until
such time that more emphasis can be given to the coho.
Insecticides
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries began monitoring insecticide residues
in Great Lakes fishes about 5 years ago. It was not until early 1969 with the
discovery of dangerously high levels of insecticides in Lake Michigan coho
salmon, however, that the subject received national headlines. This announce-
\
ment prompted a monitoring program for all of the Great Lakes and was focused
on the more important sport and commercial fishes.
Excepting Lake Superior, the levels of DDT and its derivatives and Dieldrin
for Lake Erie fish are comparatively lower than in the other Great Lakes.
Nevertheless, its presence is still a serious problem. In the past few years
growing concern about the buildup of DDT in the environment has culminated in
banning the sale of these pesticides in several states. We can only hope that
such restrictions on the widespread use of pesticides reflect the beginning of
an awareness of the harmful effects of pesticide pollution. The only sure
control will be the replacement of these insecticides with less persistent
materials.
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244
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The Mercury Crisis
The most recent environmental crisis in Lake Erie is mercury contamination
of fish. Canadian officials announced on March 25 this year that levels of
mercury in walleye, northern pike, and other species taken from Lake St. Glair
were considerably in excess of the 0.5 ppm action level set by the Canadian
Food and Drug Directorate. They subsequently placed a total ban on taking fish
for any purpose from Lake St. Glair and its tributaries. Immediately U. S.
public health and resource agencies were concerned about Lake Erie and sampling
programs were initiated. Since then, several hundred fish samples from the
Lake Erie - St. Clair areas have been examined by the several federal and state
agencies. As more data became available on fish taken from U. S. waters of
Lake Erie, the State of Ohio, Michigan, and New York instituted varying degrees
of fishing bans. The consequences of mercury contamination have been tremendous
and sport and commercial fisheries have suffered considerable economic losses.
A more detailed report on the entire mercury crisis with recommendations for
corrective actions on future research is addended to the lengthy background
statement that we are submitting here today.
FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
A major National objective of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and both its
Bureaus, is the protection and enhancement of fishery and related aquatic
resources. BCF translates its mission in Lake Erie into two broad goals:
1. To understand the population dynamics, the life history, and the
ecology of such valuable food and recreational fishes as the walleye,
yellow perch, freshwater drum, white bass, coho salmon, channel
catfish, and associated species.
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245
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2. To determine the relationship between the changing physical, chemical,
and biological environments and the survival, growth, and reproduction
of valuable Lake Erie fishes.
Over the past years, a great deal of experience and expertise in handling
resource problems in Lake Erie has been gained by BCF. For example, research
by the Bureau on the oxygen regime in the central basin first alerted appropriate
agencies and the public 10 years ago to the, rate and consequences of eutrophica-
tion (lake enrichment by pollution) in Lake Erie. On the fishery side, our
findings on survival, growth, abundance, and movements of such valuable fishes
as walleye and yellow perch have been continually used by State fishery managers
as a basis for rational management of the fish stocks. Valuable information
has constantly been transmitted to such Federal agencies as the Army Corps of
Engineers and the Federal Water Quality Administration and to the four States
involved with Lake Erie, and to the Industry. The research foundation, in
terms of past performance and experience and expertise, exists in the BCF for
a continued and expanded program on the fishery and associated aquatic
resources of Lake Erie.
Research and Development Program
The BCF research and development program in Lake Erie is deeply involved
in three related critical problem areas: (1) instability and decline in the
valuable commercial and sport fish populations, (2) the explosion and under-
utilization of low-value fishes, and (3) the effect of a deteriorating environ-
ment on the fishery resources. The main framework of our program is described
below in brief form.
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1. Statistical compilations.—Catch and effort statistics for the U. S.
commercial fishery are gathered from all four States. In addition, biological
samples of the commercial catch are taken during both the spring and fall
fisheries. Statistics on the valuable sport fishery not now being gathered
should be obtained in the near future.
2. Monitoring fish stocks.—-Systematic analyses of the year class
strength of valuable Lake Erie fishes is done each year by trawling at indicator
stations during July, August, and September. The results are used to forecast
the strength of the populations when they will become vulnerable to the com-
mercial and sport fisheries.
Other collections of fishes are made throughout the year to provide
material for specific studies. Studies on the diet of freshwater drum and
walleyes, the fecundity of walleyes, the occurrence of fishes in Lake Erie,
and embryonic development of walleye eggs have recently been completed.
Underway are studies on the fecundity of yellow perch, age and growth of
walleyes, yellow perch and white bass, and fish predation on walleye eggs.
3. Delineation and assessment of populations.—The existence of sub-
populations of certain fishes in Lake Erie must be determined for management
purposes. Not only differences in distribution may exist, but differences
in age composition, growth, survival, and fecundity may also occur. Tagging
studies on western and eastern basin walleye populations are nearly complete.
These populations prove to be isolated from each other with no intermixing at
any time of the year. Similar studies should be carried out on yellow perch
and other valuable fishes.
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4. Biology, physiology, and behavior.—Basic to any fishery resource
management program on Lake Erie fishes is information on their fecundity, diet,
age and growth, survival rates, mortality factors, physiology, behavior,
spawning requirements, and interrelations with other fishes. Many of our
current and scheduled studies attack these questions. Yet more emphasis and
greater funding should be directed towards the effects of domestic wastes,
industrial wastes, and resultant environmental changes on fish and fish-food
organisms in all life-history stages.
5. Diseases, parasites, pesticides, heavy metals.—Little is known of
the influence of diseases, parasites, pesticides such as DDT and Dieldrin, and
heavy metals such as mercury and chromium on growth, longevity, fecundity, and
egg viability of Lake Erie's fishes. Several studies in this area have been
designed and submitted for funding. However, at present, we do have a con-
tinuing monitoring program on all valuable Lake Erie fishes for levels of
pesticides and mercury.
6. Genetic improvement and new species.—Accidental and intentional
introduction of species such as the alewife, sea lamprey, and carp plus
environmental modifications due to climatic change or water use have markedly
altered the ecology of Lake Erie. The greatest challenge in resource manage-
ment is to initiate beneficial changes or set up measures to counteract
accidental or natural adverse changes. Genetic modifications of established
species or introductions of new species should be carefully screened by
extensive physiological and behavioral tests. The chosen species must exhibit
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a reasonable chance of being more beneficial than species already present.
The current introductions of coho salmon are being accompanied by only a
modicum of research and population assessment. We have virtually no informa-
tion on their lake movements, diet, and impact on other valuable fishery
resources such as smelt and yellow perch.
7. Fishery limnology.—Deterioration of the lake environment has reached
a point where it is now the dominant factor controlling the distribution and
abundance of fishes. Several studies have been completed on oxygen depletion
and changes in bottom organisms. We are continuing other studies that directly
relate to environmental factors with the well-being of certain fish populations.
Yet we need to increase our evaluations of the changes in the fish,
plankton, benthic, and water resources, to determine what and how certain
factors are causing these environmental changes, and to predict what the future
changes in all resources will be under different levels of pollution abatement.
Bottom organisms are consumed by almost all fish at some stage of their
lives, and the scarcity of certain forms may significantly affect the growth
and survival of fish. Bottom organisms are also useful indicators of subtle
physiochemical changes in water quality. A sound plan for research on the
bottom organisms would also involve measurement of: the rate of sedimentation,
oxygen required to oxidize the newly deposited sediment, the components of the
collected sediment, and the BOD of the hypolimnetic waters.
The role of bacteria as the causative agent in producing significant
chemical changes in both the overlying water and the sediment should be
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investigated. We must learn the rate of synthesis, the rate of decomposition,
the mechanisms of decomposition, the micro-organisms concerned, and the
nature of the resulting products. Concurrently, a biological investigation
should be made of bacteria as key organisms in the cycling of oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, iron, and carbon through the ecosystem.
The amounts and rates of nutrient fixation by plankton are considered by
many to be the most influencial factors in controlling the levels of abundance
and potential yield of fish stocks. Thus, the mechanics and role of this
system must be measured to predict fluctuations and levels of fish abundance,
and to discover means of achieving higher levels of sustained yield.
It is also imperative for us to continue and expand our overall research
on the fish and associated aquatic resources as expensive and expansive
pollution abatement programs are implemented by Government and Industry. We
need a firm baseline of present fishery and environmental conditions in Lake
Erie so that we can measure the effects of the pollution abatement programs.
It would be an oversight of the highest degree to spend billions of dollars on
abating pollution around Lake Erie without substantially increasing environ-
mental research on the fish and the associated resources of Lake Erie.
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SUMMARY
Based on analysis of all available data, the following conclusions are
drawn concerning the past, present and future status of the commercial and
sport fishery and related aquatic resources of Lake Erie.
1. Lake Erie has been the most fertile and productive of all the Great
Lakes. A total of 19 species have been significant in the commercial landings
at one time or another. Annual combined U. S. and Canadian production has
fluctuated little in the past 50 years, averaging approximately 50 million
pounds.
2. The value of the catch is declining, however, which reflects the
changing conditions of the fish stocks from high-value to low-value species.
High-value species like the sturgeon, northern pike, whitefish, cisco, blue
pike, and sauger, have virtually disappeared from the catch. Walleye, yellow
perch, white bass, and channel catfish constitute the major remaining species
of higher and medium value. These species are declining and show signs of
difficulty in perpetuating themselves. Stocks of such less valuable species
as freshwater drum, carp, suckers, and goldfish are, with few exceptions,
greatly underexploited.
3. Prior to 1954, U. S. fishermen landed more pounds of fish than
Canadian fishermen. Now, however, the U. S. catch is less than 20 percent of
the total catch from Lake Erie.
4. Three States bordering Lake Erie have been introducing yearling coho
salmon since 1968. Growth and survival have been relatively good. However,
very little open-lake research has been conducted and little is known about
the impact of coho salmon on other valuable fishery resources such as yellow
perch and smelt.
5. By most criteria accepted by limnologists, Lake Erie is classified
as a eutrophic lake with changing water quality in both inshore and open waters.
Industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution and enrichment of Lake Erie
has caused: (a) massive nuisance and toxic algal blooms of Microcystis and
Aphanizomenon, (b) destruction of the valuable mayfly benthos in the western
and central basins, (c) a 20-fold increase in plankton, the diet staple for
several nuisance and low-value fishes that have undergone population explosions
in the last 15 years, (d) increased levels of such pesticides as DDT and
Dieldrin in fish flesh, (e) dangerously high levels of mercury in many fishes,
(f) the destruction of spawning areas of some of our most valuable fishes, and
(g) disappearance of oxygen from the bottom waters of the central basin during
the summer.
6. The concentration of dissolved solids is still well below levels
directly lethal to fish and food organisms even though solids have increased
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by 50 ppm since 1920. However, the continued accelerated rate of increase is
cause for future concern.
7. Warm water temperatures and high nutrient levels have led to tremendous
algae blooms. This organic production has created in turn a large BOD during
decomposition. Furthermore, reduced materials have accumulated in the sediments
over the years. The combined BOD and chemical oxygen demand from these two
phenomena have caused widespread oxygen depletion in the bottom waters of the
western and central basins during periods of summer thermal stratification.
The consequence of this has been widespread destruction of bottom organisms so
important in the diet of many Lake Erie fishes. Any increase in nutrient levels
or average water temperatures will undoubtedly worsen this situation.
8. Pesticides, heavy metals such as mercury, phenols, cyanides, acids
and exotic inorganic and organic chemicals are among the many outright pollutants
discharged into Lake Erie. Pesticide levels (DDT and Dieldrin) are moderately
low in Lake Erie fishes and all fall safely under the 5.0 ppm level set by the
FDA. Mercury levels are, on the other hand, dangerously high. Values in some
walleyes and white bass especially have exceeded the action level of 0.5 ppm
set by the FDA.
9. Observations on walleye reefs during the 1969 spawning season suggest
that the smothering effect of sedimentation on fish eggs and other bottom
associated organisms may be detrimental and a major factor in the decline of
some of our valuable fish stocks. Obviously, increasing siltation is a
serious problem that needs full attention by the appropriate agencies now.
10. The historical record and current status of all the valuable sport and
commercial fishes in Lake Erie are presented. The Bureau's program of fishery-
limnology research on the fishery and aquatic resources of Lake Erie is
described with special emphasis on the continuing effects of environmental
degradation on the fishery and related aquatic resources.
11. Practically and legally speaking, halting degradation of the water
quality of Lake Erie will require the establishment of sound and workable water
quality standards, including standards and criteria for fish and aquatic life.
This is an area where acceleration of research is needed. Interim standards
will probably have to be set before the results of such research become
available.
12. Because of their inherent sensitivity to subtle, long-range environ-
mental changes, fish and aquatic organisms make excellent indicators of such
changes. This has not been recognized sufficiently in the past. As more
expensive and expansive pollution abatement programs are initiated, more
aquatic research on Lake Erie will be needed to measure the effects of such
abatement programs.
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ADDENDUM FOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
STATEMENT AT JUNES, 1970, LAKE ERIE ENFORCEMENT
CONFERENCE AT DETROIT, MICHIGAN
MERCURY IN FISHP
by
Harry L. Seagran
Laboratory Director
BCF Technological Laboratory
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Current Situation
Late in 1969, following significant warnings of insidious mercury pollution of the
central provinces, studies were quietly initiated by Canadian environmentalists to
define the situation. Shortly thereafter, several commercial catches of fish (wall-
eye, northern pike, bass, and jackfish) taken from Lake Winnipeg, Cedar Lake,
Saskatchewan River, and Red River in the Province of Manitoba, Canada, were
detained by the Canadian Federal Department of Fisheries and Forestries, because
they contained mercury residues deemed unsafe for human consumption. Concen-
trations of mercury in the fish ranged from 5 to 10 parts per million (ppm). As an
immediate result, more than 700,000 pounds of fish were confiscated and destroyed,
Further, all fish from the Saskatchewan River system of Canada henceforth were to
be held under detention and tested for mercury content before being exported.
Mercury residues less than 0.5 ppm (wet weight) were required to clear the emer-
gency embargo. Somewhat later, on April 21, 1970, the Provincial Government
announced the general closure of these waters to commercial fishing and also
warned anglers of the danger of eating fish taken from these sources, because of
their relatively high degree of mercury contamination.
As a result of concurrent testing by Ontario officials, the Canadian government
embargoed all commercial fish taken from Lake St. Clair effective March 23, and
at the same time cautioned the public against eating fish taken from this lake.
Ever widening ripples spread from this first public announcement of the mercury
contamination problem. Probably the most staggering revelation at this time,
however, was the depth of information that had been developed in Canada on this
J/ Taken from the paper "Mercury in Fish," by Harry L. Seagran, LIMNOS, The
Magazine of the Great Lakes Foundation, Vol. 3, No. 2, Summer, 1970.
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matter over the last 18-month period, with apparently no awareness in this country
as to the seriousness of the situation until mid-March 1970, when the matter was
made public. A total ban on taking fish for any purpose from Lake St. Clair and
the St. Clair, Clay, Wabigoon, and Detroit Rivers was subsequently announced by
Canadian authorities on April 6. These actions were taken after Canadian officials
found levels of mercury in walleye, pike, and other species taken from Lake St.
Clair considerably in excess of the 0.5 ppm action level set by the Canadian Food
and Drug Directorate. Typical of preliminary data (wet weight basis of market form)
that resulted in the Canadian closure of the Lake St. Clair commercial fishery were,
for walleye, 1.3- 1.9 ppm; sucker, 0.8-2.0 ppm Hg. Less predacious species
and non-bottom feeders showed slightly lower values, according to Canadian spokes-
men. Some values as high as 5 ppm in walleye muscle from Lake St. Clair were
reported, however.
Following further testing, a similar embargo on walleye and yellow perch from Lake
Erie was announced by the Canadian government April 1. Preliminary Canadian
mercury data on walleye muscle from western Lake Erie was in the range 0.50 - 2.0
ppm; perch ranged downward from slightly less than 0.5 ppm; smelt appeared well
below 0.5 ppm (0.05 - 0.20 ppm). Early in May, the Canadian walleye and white
bass fisheries were closed in Lake Erie, as well as walleye in southern Lake Huron,
because of the consistent high degree of contamination shown by these species.
United States and Great Lakes states public health officials immediately began in-
vestigating the matter from the standpoint of a possible public health threat in this
country. In the absence of useful data on the mercury content of commercial- and
sport-caught fish in this general area, they initially took a cautious, wait and see
attitude. As data became available on fish taken from U.S. waters of the Great
Lakes, however, Ohio, Michigan, and New York began instituting varying degrees
of fishing bans. Lake St. Clair and connecting waterways have been closed to all
types of fishing, with general closures on walleye in western Lake Erie. Embargoes
on practically all Lake Erie food fish also are in effect; commercial catches of
walleye, yellow perch, and white bass are being rigorously checked before release
to the market. Current FDA and state action levels in the U.S. also are at 0.5
ppm, although FDA agency officials have expressed their concern that this level
may be undesirably high to adequately protect human health.
There are no official tolerances in the United States or Canada for mercury residues
in any food products. The World Health Organization has not established a toler-
ance for mercury residues in fish, although it has set a recommended general toler-
ance for mercury in foods at 0.05 ppm. Sweden has set a tolerance of 1 ppm in
fish. The U.S.. and Canadian Food and Drug Directorates, on the other hand, have
established the interim administrative guideline (action level) at 0.5 ppm for this
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food commodity. This figure should be regarded as interim, however, pending
additional toxicological and survey studies in progress.
Fish present a particular problem, because of a relatively high natural background
level of mercury and the role of this commodity in the human diet and its value to
the recreational sector. Since early April 1970, several hundred fish samples from
the Lake Erie - St. Clair area have been examined by several state and federal
agencies. Over one-half of all samples examined thus far from Lake St. Clair
exceed 0.5 ppm; about one-fourth of those taken from Lake Erie are in excess of
this value. Relatively few values less than 0.2 ppm have thus far been obtained
for fish of the highly valuable Erie - St. Clair fishery. A significant lowering of
the current action level could therefore have far-reaching impact on the recrea-
tional and commercial fisheries of this area.
Sources of Contamination
Canadian authorities have now revealed the history of their contamination problem.
As in the earlier recognized Swedish situation, it was largely attributed to a number
of chlor-alkali plants using a mobile mercury electrode, losing the metal to the en-
vironment as a contaminant of the discharged, exhausted electrolytic brines. It is
estimated that the chlor-alkali industry loses approximately 0.45 pounds of mercury
to the environment per ton of chlorine produced. Based simply on chlorine tonnage
figures, the loss of mercury may therefore beas much as 1.2 million pounds per year.
Not overlooked as sources of contamination though are probable contributions from
other users of mercury in the Great Lakes area; these are for slimicides in pulp and
paper mills, in plastics manufacture (vinyl chloride), agricultural uses (seed dressing
and insecticides), antifouling paints (fungicides), and others. During the last decade
the annual consumption of mercury has risen from an average of 4 million to an esti-
mated 6 million pounds per year. The major users of mercury in this country are
manufacturers of electrical apparatus (25%) and the chlor-alkali industry (20%).
Those uses which present the greater potential for pollution of the environment are
in chlorine and caustic soda production and agricultural and related uses (as mildew
proofing compounds and pesticides); this latter use comprises about 1 million pounds
annually.
In the St. Clair area, specific losses of up to 200 pounds of mercury wastes per day
have been discharged by the chlor-alkali industry at Sarnia, Ontario, according
to Canadian authorities. Several other plants in this general area, both in Canada
and the U.S., were also found to be discharging brine wastes containing mercury,
although at a lesser rate. During the 20 - 30 years these plants have been operating,
considerable mercury has obviously been discharged to the environment. Recent
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255
work by U.S. investigators has shown significant mercury concentrations in bottom
sediments in areas below the outfalls of discharging plants. Values up to 430 ppm .
have been obtained by investigators working on U.S. waters. According to On-
tario spokesmen, levels up to 1800 ppm of mercury were detected in muds imme-
diately below the outfall of one Sarnia plant. Gradients are evident, concentra-
tions dropping to background levels (generally ranging from less than the detectable
limit to approximately 2 ppm) within a few miles of the source of contamination.
Mercury levels in water generally have been below detectable levels (10 ppb),
based on current work in the St. Clair - Erie western basin system.
While various investigations are far from complete at the present time, the follow-
ing pattern is evident.
1. Where there are chlor-alkali plants, there is good evidence of
mercury escapement to the environment. The magnitude of the
loss can be minimized by control procedures in the plant.
2. Sources of mercury pollution are being rapidly identified by U.S.,
state, and Canadian authorities and rigid control procedures (with
monitoring) are being made mandatory. No known mercury losses
to the environment are being tolerated.
3. While the ecology in a mercury polluted area is undoubtedly
affected, the degree of contamination of fish is related to the
species, the size, the age, and where the fish is caught. Feed-
ing habits appear to be involved.
Economic Assessment
Any assessment of the economic cost of the current mercury pollution situation in
the Great Lakes must be both tentative and non-quantitative in nature. The actual
level of physical risk is not yet determined; political and.regulatory reaction has
been variable from state to state and is subject to continuing revision. The per-
manence of the impact of this general publicity on the consuming public is also
difficult to determine at this point-in-time.
The problem developed just prior to the opening of the commercial fishing season
and caught the processing industry with reduced inventories of lake perch and wall-
eye. A very early and informal survey of the industry reflects that total fish sales
from all sources in the Midwest have been reduced about 15 percent since the
mercury ban was announced. Although Great Lakes species are re-entering com-
mercial channels, it is anticipated that Midwest sales of lake perch could be re-
duced by 50 percent over the course of the 1970 season.
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The cost to society is very difficult to define and calculate. The following kinds
of cost are, in fact, being incurred and their longer term extent can only be guessed.
1. Cost of added enforcement, regulation, inspection, and control.
2. Promotional expense by processors, wholesalers, and retailers
disassociating ocean species from Great Lakes species.
3. Cost of holding inventories pending decision.
4. Cost of subsidies (currently under consideration by the state govern-
ments, for example) to compensate businessmen hurt from either the
commercial or sport fish bans.
5. Loss of revenues to commercial fishermen. Although these business-
men are relatively few in number, the loss to them as individuals is
absolute and catastrophic.
6. Loss to processors and distributors of both Great Lakes and marine
fish due to reduced volume. This is particularly significant to
processors and distributors in the Midwest, since the ban coincides
with high-volume season.
7. Loss to producers of ocean fish products to the extent that the total
demand for all fish products is reduced by adverse publicity to any
single product.
8. Loss of revenues occurring from the sports fishery, as well as lesser
sportsman satisfaction.
9. Loss to the consuming public in that their range of choice is effec-
tively reduced by fear of a whole class of food products.
In all these cases, the loss to each level and sector of the economy has "multiplier"
impact on many other sectors. It is far too early to anticipate what the net,longer-
term economic and social consequence of the mercury pollution problem will be.
Current BCF Work
One of the actions taken by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF), U.S.D.I.,
following the release of information suggesting the relative seriousness of this con-
tamination problem, was to initiate, on a cooperative basis with other agencies,
immediate and preliminary monitoring of fish taken from the Great Lakes system
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257
for their mercury content. This initial action was based largely on an evaluation of
Canadian Information concerning concentrations of mercury in fish caught in inter-
national waters, as well as on information gained from the literature and public
health related agencies. Initial BCF monitoring had as its objectives an assessment
of possible direct harm to commercial and sport fishes of the affected areas, as well
as of the indirect adverse impact that would undoubtedly result to the commercial
fisheries from this contamination problem and responses available to the commercial
industry. The details of this work and resulting data are being made available on
an immediate basis to other agencies of the public sector, recognizing the criteria
of evaluation will .perhaps differ.
To date, the Ann Arbor, Michigan, Technological Laboratory has been coordinating
the BCF collection of appropriate fish samples from the Great Lakes for mercury
determinations. Extensive samples have been collected and analyzed from Lake St.
Clair and the western basin of Lake Erie. Additional samples are currently being
examined from the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie, from southern Lake Huron
and Saginaw Bay, and from the southeast sector and Green Bay areas of Lake Michi-
gan. Sampling is also in progress for northern Lake Michigan, and Lakes Superior
and Ontario. Sampling is being performed generally by field staff of the BCF Great
Lakes Fishery Laboratory, Ann Arbor, with assistance by field staff of the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources.
To the extent possible, approximately 15 individual fish are taken randomly (by
trained biologists) by on-site sampling from commercial fishing gear in the imme-
diate area of fishing. Data collected include species, date, location, depth,
method of harvest, length and weight (of individual fish), and a scale sample (for
subsequent age data). All fish of one lot are separated into "marketable product"
(headed, dressed, scaled, tail-off) and "offal" (processing waste). Edible and
offal composites (after pooling) are weighed for yield data, ground, and sub-
sampled for analysis.
Thus far, samples are being analyzed for total mercury content using one or more
of several analytical sources. Most of the data have been obtained on samples
shipped to Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), Madison, Wisconsin.
WARF employs a dithizone extraction of an acid digested sample coupled with
atomic absorption using a boat technique. Some samples are also being examined
on a cross-check basis by the Phoenix Memorial Laboratory, The University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, employing a neutron activation method. Plans are being
laid to develop an in-house testing capacity at the earliest possible time.
Recommendations
Corrective actions and future research by industry and by state and federal agencies
on mercury contamination could take the following steps:
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258
1. The first step, which has already been taken on an emergency basis
in the Great Lakes area, is to identify all sources of mercury pollu-
tion to the environment and to stop these losses. Extreme measures
may be necessary in some cases.
2. A next7 very important step is to determine the fate of mercury already
in the environment. If, as Swedish studies have indicated, elemental
and inorganic mercury discharged as wastes from plant outfalls can
serve as precursors to methyl-mercury through biological processes in
the environment, then the complex problem of removal may need to
be considered. Dredging may be a possibility, but if this is done,
the mercury must be deposited in a suitable location to permanently
avoid re-entry. Disturbance of the bottom ecology with resulting
consequences would be one obvious drawback. Chemical complexing
of the mercury to prevent its methylation is another possibility; this
approach is currently being evaluated by the Swedes. Any proposal
will certainly require careful study and the close cooperation of those
involved.
3. A third important action would be to achieve a better understanding
of the health hazard as related to the ingestion of various types of
mercury compounds and the establishment of realistic food tolerances.
Such tolerances would not only better protect the consumer (and in-
directly the angler), but would also help protect enterprises dealing
with this food commodity from unwarranted seizures.
4. Consideration should be given to requiring the recording of the sale,
use, and loss of mercury, particularly for monitoring inventories and
possible losses to the environment. Communication of such informa-
tion through agencies of the public sector concerned with public
health and natural resources could create awareness to problem areas
before disasters occur.
5. Toxicological studies should be conducted on selected fish species
at all stages of their life history to determine acute and sub-lethal
effects of the mercury pollutant. Also, studies of the food chain
of these fish should be conducted where there is evidence of a con-
centration effect through the food chain. A profile of various mercury
compounds would also be useful in selected species of fishery organ-
isms, to facilitate a better understanding of changes evidenced by
monitoring the environment.
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259
Technical conferences should be held at appropriate intervals
involving scientists qualified in areas of environmental concern.
If held at the international level, prompt dissemination of current
research findings could be insured. Coordination of programs is
essential. Information must flow freely and rapidly among those
concerned. Strong, non-partisan leadership will be required to
overcome interagency and geographical hindrances.
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272
W. L. Hartman
DR. HARTMAN: I believe it would be appropriate
to have the background statement in the record, too, as a
matter of information in depth.
At the conclusion of my presentation here, we
will distribute the summary statement also for a briefer
look.
Man is presently responsible for dumping 40 billion
gallons of untreated sewage and many billion gallons more
of partially treated sewage into Lake Erie each year. An
estimated 137,000 pounds of phosphorus enter Lake Erie each
day and the majority from municipal waters. The consequence
of long-term additions to Lake Erie is of such a magnitude
that we have had substantial increases in nutrient level.
Total dissolved solids have elevated over the past
50 years by some 50 parts per million. Some of the individual
changes of interest to some of us have been increases in
sodium and potassium of 13 ppm and increases in calcium of
10 ppm, increases in nitrates of almost a part per million
and phosphorus of 22 ppm.
The latest data we have on Lake Erie shows that
there has been no deacceleration of these increased rates
of additions of nutrients to the water.
The combination of generally warm—water tempera-
tures, slightly increasing over the years, and you can take
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273
W. L. Hartman
2° or you can take 4° as Mr. Harlow indicated this morning,
and the tremendous increases in the nutrient levels have
resulted in tremendous organic production, particularly at
the algal level.
I mentioned the 20-fold increase in plankton
abundance and the growth of filamentous algae. Many of you
have seen on the lake Cladophora which has dramatically
increased.
Adverse changes have occurred in the types of algae
in the plankton, too. The noxious blue-green algaes, Micro-
cystis and Aphanizomenon, have become a dominant summer
species. And in 1969, the late summer blooms of these were
unbelievably dense and widespread.
This organic production has a profound effect on
the oxygen regime in Lake Erie. The fallout of dead algae
sinking through the water column into the lake causes tre-
mendous biological oxygen demands during decomposition. And
the greater this organic production is, of course, the greater
the BOD.
Thermal stratification is quite important here.
The western basin is usually homothermal, uniform, from top
to bottom, except for short periods of column water sometimes
in the summer when temporary thermal stratification will take
place.
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274
W. L. Hartman
Thermal stratification in the central basin is
more stable. It is long-term in the middle of the summer.
Waters deeper than 40 feet are usually well stratified by
mid-July, and this may continue into late September. Strati-
fication in the deeper areas of the eastern basin usually
starts in July and extends into October.
The consequences of thermal stratification — and
this is the point — isolate the bottom waters from freely
mixing with the top waters where we have a continuing replenish-
ing of oxygen.
Now, the oxygen regime has been seriously degraded
in Lake Erie. Synoptic surveys in 1960 and shortly previous
to that revealed that there is less than 1 ppm dissolved
oxygen in the bottom waters in the central basin in areas
between 600 and 1,000 square miles in extent. And more
extensive oxygen depletion has been observed in the bottom
waters in the central basin since that time.
In the eastern basin, critically low dissolved
oxygen has not been reported. Yet we have some lowering of
the levels perhaps down to as low as 5.5 ppm which shows that
degradation of the oxygen regime there is taking place.
The latest data we have confirm these earlier
findings that oxygen deficits are really serious.
The problem of low oxygen levels is doubly complex
-------
275
W. L. Hartman
in Lake Erie. Although organic production is increased,
the biological oxygen demand in the lower bottom waters in
the central basin does not appear to be sufficient enough to
fully deplete the dissolved oxygen in those bottom waters to
the extent that we have found.
But the sediments themselves have a high oxygen
demand which is both biological and chemical. And recent
tests, for example, have shown that just a small amount of
this type of sediment — maybe 5 grams — can remove almost
all of the dissolved oxygen in a 250 ml column of water in
less than 5 minutes — tremendous demand.
Now, if we were only involved with the biological
oxygen of man from organic production in the water column, we
might be more easily able to solve this problem by reducing
nutrients. But because we have this chemical oxygen demand
in the sediments that have accumulated over the years, we
now do have a second and perhaps even more serious problem
and much more difficult to correct.
The degradation, then, of this oxygen regime has
dramatically altered the population of bottom organisms which
are so important in the diets of many of our valuable fishes.
For example, the mayfly population in the bottom sediments
of the western basin have decreased from 400 per square meter
to 10 per square meter now. The numbers and distribution of
-------
276
W. L. Hartman
sludge worms have increased manyfold. Caddisfly larvae on
the bottom sediments have virtually vanished in the western
basin. And we have a favoring, of course, of the bottom
fauna towards those organisms that are low oxygen tolerant.
To the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, then, this
rather narrow stratum in the bottom of Lake Erie with its
associated low oxygen content is so polluted that the status
of the entire lake as a useful producer of fishery products
is uncertain.
Now, let us turn to thermal effluents and how this
fits in.
The number of nuclear powerplants in Lake Erie is
proliferating. We will have two more, I believe it is, by
1975 and another fossil-fuel plant. Considerable concern on
our bureau's part deals with the potential deleterious
effects of these heated effluents on the fisheries and fauna
resources of Lake Erie.
First, a uniform increase of temperature in Lake
Erie will increase the metabolic activities of organisms and
result in increasing levels of oxygen depletion following
this organic reduction. We have already mentioned the whole-
sale destruction of the bottom organisms over hundreds of
square miles of Lake Erie.
Secondly, the highly valuable walleye population
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277
W. L. Hartman
in Lake Erie have discrete spawning sites on shallow reefs.
The spawning areas are shallow, 2 to 10 feet in depth in
most cases, and the spawning and incubating physiologies of
this species are such that heated discharges could severely
disrupt spawning activities and destroy incubating eggs.
Finally, unpublished data from the Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, Sandusky Laboratory, shows that an
increase in incubation temperatures from 10° to 15° C., for
example, will decrease the incubation period of walleyes
from 20 to 10 days, by 10 days. And it is quite possible
that unnatural heating of the areas where eggs are incubat-
ing would result in an unnaturally early hatching and very
possibly at a time early in the spring when the environment
would be unsuitable to their survival.
German scientists have shown this to be absolutely
the case in some of the reductions of whitefish populations
in Lake Constance.
Thus, for these and other reasons, we are most
apprehensive about the discharge of thermal effluents in
Lake Erie and especially the western basin. From the fisheries
standpoint, there should be, therefore, no additional thermal
inputs into Lake Erie, especially into the western basin,
until the consequences have been assessed by adequate research.
Let us now turn to the valuable fishery resources.
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278
W. L. Hartman
Lake Erie has always been the most fertile and
most productive in terms of fish of all the Great Lakes.
Surprisingly enough, a total of 19 different species of fish
have been important in the commercial catch at one time or
another. And the catch has averaged about 15 million pounds
for the last 100 years. So it is maintaining itself in
terms of biomass yield, but the value has gone down tre-
mendously. The high-value fishes I mentioned like the
whitefish, the cisco, the sauger, blue pike and sturgeon
have all disappeared. Walleye and yellow perch now constitute
the major remaining species of high and medium value. But
these populations are declining. And stocks of such less
valuable species as freshwater drum, carp, suckers, and gold-
fish are still abundant and are, with few exceptions, greatly
underexploited.
Of great concern now is the instability of the
year class success and sharp decline for western basin popula-
tions of walleye and yellow perch, the two most important
species for commercial and sport fishermen. Not since 1965
has either species had a real successful spawning despite a
large spawning population available for each species from the
very large 1965 year class.
For many years, people have felt that the decline
and disappearance of so many valuable fishes from Lake Erie
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279
W. L. Hartman
was due primarily to overexploitation. Yet, the decline of
walleye and yellow perch today must be attributed in part
to the deterioration of the environment. In this sense, the
populations are now in double jeopardy.
Research during the walleye spawning season in
1969 tends to support our contentions that the degraded
environment is a primary factor influencing the levels of
these particular fish populations in Lake Erie, at least.
Underwater observations for two weeks during the
first half of the spawning season for walleyes showed a rapid
build-up of algae growth all over the rubble on the spawning
reefs. Although walleye eggs were abundant in the rubble and
lying on the algae mat, they were vulnerable to the effects
of sedimentation in the rubble and predation while exposed on
the algae mat. And this algae mat was Cladophora, and this
is another consequence of increasing nutrification.
Then, following a severe storm out of the northeast,
the spawning reef was dramatically changed. This occurred
half-way through the spawning season. The rubble, including
boulders 2 or 3 feet in diameter, was turned over and all dis-
arranged. The reef was cleared of sediments. The rubble
was scoured free of algae. A seemingly ideal spawning environ-
ment was left for the second half of the spawning season.
Water temperatures were rapidly rising, shortening
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280
W. L. Hartman
the length of the incubation period for eggs and thus lessen-
ing their exposure to sedimentation as it started to silt
again. The resulting year class was unexpectedly good,
though not nearly the magnitude of the one in 1965.
Normally, the rate of sedimentation on the walleye
reefs is quite high. It builds up over time and degrades
the environment in the rubble where the eggs lie on their
bottom. Suffocation through oxygen depletion in the inter-
stitial waters in the rubble is certainly a real problem.
About 15 million tons of sediment are carried into Lake Erie
each year from the watershed and as much more is eroded off
the shore line.
Although our observations in 1969 cannot be supported
with a great deal of data, they have suggested to us that
sedimentation on the walleye reefs may well be reducing the
population levels now and may wind up in doing so for so many
years. Reduction of sediment discharge into Lake Erie is
necessary for the preservation of such bottom egg laying
fishes as walleye, white bass, smelt and to some extent yellow
perch.
Another topic of interest is the introduction of
coho salmon into Lake Erie. And this is a rather interesting
fact. Although salmon fry have been intermittently stocked
in Lake Erie since 1870, it is only this last stocking that
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281
W. L. Hartman
has shown some resounding success. The newly coordinated
coho program among the States officially began in the spring
of 1968 with the release of 121,000 yearling coho salmon in
the tributary waters of Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York.
Plantings were continued in 1969 with the spring release of
230,000 yearlings. And this past year another 545,000 year-
lings were released.
These fish mature to adult size in the fall follow-
ing the year of release and return more often than not to the
release points. Based on the returns from the 1968 stockings,
the results may range in weight from 4 to 10 pounds which is
fairly good growth in Lake Erie. And sufficient numbers are
being captured now by fishermen so that the States feel
warranted to continue this hatchery and propagation program
on an indefinite basis.
Important research information on the stockings is,
however, meager. Estimates of the success of the first stock-
ing in 1968 to this point is a 10 percent return to fishermen
and spawners to the streams of release, to the weirs. And
this is a respectable return after a first stocking.
Additional data suggests that the cohos move around
the lake in a clockwise direction during the season. Actually,
the midsummer distribution is in the northern end of the
eastern basin where there is still cold water and where there
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282
W. L. Hartman
is enough oxygen at depths for the coho to survive during
the summer period. But further degradation of the oxygen
regime, further increases in the permanency of thermal
stratification, may place some limits on Lake Erie's capacity
to support this cold water form.
Now, let us turn to the problem of insecticides.
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries began monitoring
insecticides in Great Lakes fishes about 5 years ago. The
announcement in early 1969 by FDA that levels of DDT in
Michigan coho salmon were dangerously high and exceeded the
action level of 0.5 ppm prompted an immediate broader sampling
of all the Great Lakes and was focused on the more important
sport and commercial fishes. In only a few months, the Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries was able to obtain considerable more
data than they had at that time.
And we find that excepting for Lake Superior, the
levels of DDT and its derivatives and the dieldrin for Lake
Erie fish are comparatively lower than in any of the other
3 Great Lakes and fall well under the 5 ppm action level.
In the past few years, growing concern locally
and nationally about the build-up of pesticides in our
environment has culminated in the banning of these pesticides,
the banning of the sale in many States. But the most recent
environmental crisis we are facing now is the mercury
-------
283
W. L. Hartman
contamination of fish.
Certain Canadian officials announced on March 25
of this year that levels of mercury in walleye and other
species taken from Lake St. Clair were considerably in excess
of the 0.5 ppm action level set by the Canadian Food and
Drug Directorate. They subsequently placed a total ban on
taking fish for any purpose from Lake St. Clair and its
tributaries.
Immediately, U. S. Public Health resource agencies
were concerned about Lake Erie, and sampling programs were
initiated. Since then, several hundred fish samples from
the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair areas have been examined by
several Federal and State agencies. As more data become
available during April on fish taken from U. S. waters of
Lake Erie, the States of Ohio, Michigan and New York placed
varying degrees of fish bans on both sport and commercial
fishermen.
Preliminary data from the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries sampling program in Lake Erie give the following
ranges in mercury levels for certain fish from the western
basin.
Now, keep in mind the 0.5 ppm tolerance level set
by FDA.
Yellow perch have mercury levels between 0.2 and
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284
W. L. Hartman
0.5 ppm.
Coho salmon between 0.2 and 1 ppm.
Carp between 0.1 and 0.8 ppm.
White bass between 0.3 and 1.5 ppm.
Channel catfish between 0.3 and 0.6 ppm.
Sheepshead between 0.1 and 1.0 ppm.
And walleye between 1.0 and 3.0 ppm.
An inspection of fish analyses by FDA shows that
most of these values also fall within these ranges that I
have presented here. We have very little data from the
eastern basin. I have been talking about western basin
fish prior to this point. Samples we have from the eastern
basin do show somewhat lower levels.
It is interesting to rank these particular fish
in order of decreasing levels of mercury. And we find that
if we ranked walleye as number one and called it having
100 percent as some base line figure, then white bass would
have half the level of mercury as walleye do. Yellow perch
and catfish would have a quarter of the value that walleye
do. And carp and shad and smelt would have down about 13
percent of the levels that walleyes have.
The consequences of mercury contamination have
been tremendous and have really had a serious effect on the
sport and commercial fisheries in terms of economic losses.
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285
W. L. Hartman
A more detailed report on the entire mercury crisis with
recommendations for corrective actions in future research is
addended to the lengthy statement that the conferees now have
in their hands.
In conclusion, the environmental problems of Lake
Erie here are complex and discouraging. And we certainly are
in for some more crises. Yet, we in the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries are hopeful that the mounting national concern over
the fate of our environment will generate great urgency and
support for all of the programs that are aimed at reducing the
degradation of Lake Erie's environment and its living resources,
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
(The above-mentioned summary statement follows the
statement on Lake Eire.)
MR. STEIN: Thank you, Dr. Hartman.
Are there any comments or questions?
MR. LYON: Dr. Hartman, your talk has given us a
very somber picture for changing the fish population of Lake
Erie. What do you consider the role of the increased commer-
cial fishing to have been as compared to the role of pollution
in the disappearance or diminution of certain species of fish?
DR. HARTMAN: You have asked the question that is
asked so often and unanswered so often, too.
I would say from my own point of view that the
-------
286
W. L. Hartman
effects of the deterioration of the environment may well have
started in the fifties, even though we had large populations
of walleye, and yellow perch were increasing at that time.
But there is some reason to believe that the failure of year
class strength in the fifties of the walleye population when
there were plenty of spawners available even under high
exploitation was in part due to the effects of the degrada-
tion of the environment starting then.
So in that time and since that time, the impact of
the pressure of the environment has become perhaps by now
at least as important a factor as exploitation rates on the
populations in terms of their stability.
MR. LYON: Well, I read in your statement, though,
the implication, at least, that overfishing of the lake had
something to do with this picture that you have painted for us
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, sir. In the early days when
certain populations were fished heavily and catches were
reduced, then the fishery shifted emphasis to another species
and then to another. And in the earlier days, exploitation
was the dominant factor involved in the successive reductions
in certain populations.
MR, LYON: Do you think that there may be a hidden
research benefit in the mercury crisis insofar as this will
cut back on commercial fishing and you might be able to
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W. L. Hartman
observe better than you have more recently the effect of
commercial fishing on the fish population?
DR. HARTMAN: It certainly is an opportunity to
see if there will be any change in the year class or, let
me put it this way, in the age composition of the population
after a year of the moratorium or, in essence, to some
extent a moratorium, yes. So there is a hidden benefit here.
MR. LYON: Does the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
plan to utilize this opportunity to take a look at that
department?
DR. HARTMAN: We are obtaining samples of the.popu-
lation to compare with past samples of the commercial catch.
MR. LYON: Fine.
I have one other comment, Mr. Chairman. And it is
again the picture that Dr. Hartman has painted for us is a
very, I think, significant one in terms of the degradation of
one of our major lakes. Industries and municipalities are
now spending hundreds of millions of dollars on both sides
of the boundary to reduce pollution. However, we really
don't know, as I have said before, what effect this will
have on the ecology of the lake.
And, of course, the conferees have considered and
studied as has the IJC the importance of developing a
mathematical model of the lake that will allow us to relate
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W. L. Hartman
the money we are spending on pollution abatement to what we
hope to obtain from the quality of the lake. We really
don't know what this will do.
At the last conference in Cleveland, we agreed
unanimously that we should have the conferees or the FWQA
contact the IJC Lake Erie Board with the idea in mind that
we would begin to work on a joint effort to develop a
mathematical model of the lake, particularly giving emphasis,
initially at least, to the phosphorus question. My question
is what has been done to initiate that effort?
MR. STEIN: Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: John.
MR. PEMBERTON: Nothing that I know of. I don't
think the board has done anything as a result of the con-
ference .
MR. MAYO: It appears from Mr. Pemberton's comments,
Mr. Chairman, there has not been a follow-up contact with
IJC in connection with that specific recommendation.
MR. LYON: May I again urge, Mr. Chairman, this
be done as soon as possible. It seems to me it is terribly
important that we soon come up with the answer to the ques-
tion as to what this pollution abatement program will do to
water quality and the ecology of the lake. It seems to me
that is a crucial question.
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W. L. Hartman
The municipalities and industries who are spend-
ing this money are entitled to the answer.
DR. HARTMAN: Mr. Chairman, I have 2 or 3 more
comments.
MR. STEIN: Well, let's settle this one first, O.K.?
DR. HARTMAN: Pardon. I am sorry. I thought you
were through there.
MR. STEIN: I would like to get this settled first.
You know, this was first proposed by Mr. Lyon in
terms of $20,000 - $25,000. Then when they finally got to
work on it, they got the price up so high — it increased
about tenfold — they priced me out of the market, anyway.
So we had to go here.
Now, let me ask the question: Does the Region want
to take the responsibility for handling the contact in your
capacity as going to the IJC or shall I do it through Mr.
Hendrickson.
MR. MAYO: By way of a little additional back-
ground information, Mr. Chairman, the whole question of the
need for and the availability of model facilities for the
Great Lakes generally has not gone unattended. I think Mr.
Lyon is aware of the program that has been sponsored by the
Great Lakes Basin Commission. And I think the State of
Pennsylvania is participating or stands as a ready participant
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W. L. Hartman
in an appraisal of the appropriateness of going ahead with
a full-scale limnological modeling program for the Great
Lakes generally. So that the question of whether models
can be developed and whether they can be used effectively
has not gone unattended.
The issue of what might be appropriate in the way
of a model or models from Lake Erie or for Lake Erie has
not been as specifically explored apparently as the conferees
anticipated it would be as a result of the last conference.
A point that we might keep in mind is that the
Water Quality Act of 1970 in Section 15 authorizes the
appropriation of $20 million to be used to study water
pollution control problems and opportunities in the Great
Lakes Basin. The money is to be used in the form of 75
percent grants, so to speak, by the Federal Government to
be matched by 25 percent of non-Federal funds.
Now, with that authorization, there may very well
be an excellent opportunity to use the Section 15 program
to take a specific look at what modeling opportunities we
can readily put to use and to use the Act as the vehicle
for recommending the appropriation of necessary funds, 75
percent of which would come from the Federal Government and
25 would have to come from non-Federal sources. And this
may very well be the role that the States could effectively
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W. L. Hartman
play. The funds, then, could be used on a contract basis
for the conduct of modeling studies.
As far as the relationship with the Canadians is
concerned, Mr. Chairman, as the Chairman of the U. S. section
of the Advisory Board on Control of Pollution of the Great Lakes
and Connecting Channels, I would certainly be glad to work
with Mr. Hendrickson and approach the Canadian counterparts
with some initial discussions with them for looking specifi-
cally at Lake Erie in the context of the concern of this
conference. And I would be glad to take that initiative.
MR. STEIN: Right. And may I suggest that after
that is done that you may want to write to the various States
and tell them that it has been done. And you may want to
meet with some of them and with the Canadians if they are on
the committee.
MR. LYON: I think the important point there is
they are already represented on the International Joint
Commission. And, frankly, the thing that worries me is not
how much it will cost because we can scale it to meet our
budget, but the problem that I see and I tried to express at
the last conference is that as I understand it, the Great
Lakes Basin Commission is interested in modeling and has, I
understand, a certain amount of money for that purpose.
FWQA also does.
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W. L. Hartman
The Canadians, I know, are very interested in
this area and are also working on it. And there really is
only one Lake Erie.
So the point is that we ought to put our heads and
our money together and make this one single joint effort.
And I think it is basically a question of coordination and
getting everybody together.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman?
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle.
MR. EAGLE: Dr. Hartman, you gave out one figure
that concerns me very much. And I certainly have inferred
this might be the root of the problem as far as fish in Lake
Erie were concerned. And that is that 40 million gallons of
untreated sewage is discharged to Lake Erie directly. Where
does this figure come from?
DR. HARTMAN: I am glad you brought that up.
MR. EAGLE: Forty million gallons per day.
DR. HARTMAN: I meant to clarify that when I said
it and ran past it.
This is in essence 40 million gallons a day. And
I believe this is from Mr. Harlow's report where he uses a
calculation of 50 percent treatment and then applies this to
the amount of discharge and then indicates that this is
essence.
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W. L. Hartman
MR. EAGLE: It is not sewage, it-'is essence.
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, it is essence. It is just like
the janitor who passed our sign downstairs this afternoon
at lunch time and said, "This pollution is a bunch of
garbage."
MR. EAGLE: When you use this essence thing, you
ought to make it very clear what you are talking about be-
cause this could be misconstrued by many people.
DR. HARTMAN: Thank you very much for pointing
th'at out.
MR. STEIN: Did you have some other comments?
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, I did, Mr. Chairman.
In terms of the question specifically aimed at the
impact of commercial fishing on the fishing resources in
past years, I would like to make it abundantly clear for the
record that the broad answer to the demise of the fish popu-
lations and the trouble they are in now is confounded between
exploitation and degradation of the environment and the
introduction of exotic species such as carp and some of
these that degrade the environment, that may be better com-
petitors for the food supply than some of our more valuable
fishes. And I want to make it abundantly clear that the
disappearance of some of these species is a combination of
several factors.
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W. L. Hartman
MR. RICHARDS: Dr. Hartman, I would like for you
to comment with reference to a statement you made that Lake
Erie is a very productive lake.
Now, I have heard many comments about the amount
of the production that is taken out by commercial fishing
and sport fishing in relationship to the production. And
these have been rather low percentages, I believe.
Now, I am repeating hearsay. I would like to
have your comment on this. And if these figures are true,
what happens to the remaining percentage that is not recovered
by commercial fishing and sport fishing? Do they die off in
old age or disease or what happens to them? And if they do,
is this a significant part of the low dissolved oxygen
situation in certain basins?
DR. HARTMAN: Well, I believe this is probably a
question out of my area of competence. I don't know what
figures you refer to in the first place.
I might make one comment and then ask if one of
our delegates might have something else to say.
The one comment is that wherever the organic pro-
duction '.eventually ends up on the levels, ultimately, much
of it is going to drop out into the bottom waters one way or
another and cause the problem you have.
Do any of the other delegates have a comment to make
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W. L. Hartman
on this question?
Mr. Carr.
MR. CARR: Are you talking about the fish that die
and then use the oxygen?
MR. RICHARDS: John, I have heard the figure of
something less than 5 percent of the production is taken
out of the lake by commercial and sport fishing and some 95
percent of that production stays someplace.
MR. CARR: In the first place, most of the produc-
tion is in terms of algae. A very small percentage gets to
the fish. And you remove a relatively small percentage of
the fish. But the fish dying themselves is very, very
insignificant. So the fish themselves, the algae production,
is 95, maybe even 99 percent.
MR. STEIN: Do you have any other comments?
DR. HARTMAN: No, I don't.
MR. STEIN: Thank you very much.
MR. PURDY: I have some questions, Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: Sorry.
MR. PURDY: Dr. Hartman, with respect to thermal
conditions, you mentioned the greatest increase in mean
annual temperatures — and then you say air and water —
occurred between 1925 and 1930. You placed a value upon the
water. Do you have a value to place in the record with
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W. L. Hartman
respect to the air temperature?
DR. HARTMAN: No, I don't, sir. And I am not sure
to what —
MR. PURDY: On page 4 of your presentation.
DR. HARTMAN: Is this the summary statement or the
statement, sir?
MR. PURDY: It is the statement on page 4.
DR. HARTMAN: Mr. Carr.
MR. CARR: It is the same. The temperature went
up 2° , and the water temperature went up 2°.
MR. PURDY: Also, you indicate that this took
place between 1925 and 1930. This morning, Mr. Harlow pre-
sented a report that indicated his 2° to 3° may have been
caused by man-made inputs to the lake. This would seem to
indicate that the man-made inputs to the lake have not had
an influence upon the temperature in the last 40 years.
Could you clarify this for me?
MR. CARR: I am John Carr with the Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor.
The 2° you are talking about came out of the Beeton
study. The rate of increase was in the 1920's. It was
based on water intake records from Erie, Pennsylvania, which
would reflect a very good mixing of the deep water in the
eastern basin. This increased water temperature directly
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W. L. Hartman
paralleled the increase in air temperature based on records
from Ontario.
Now, what Mr. Harlow was talking about was an
entirely different matter. And I am not sure that we have
any data to comment on the information that he presented
this morning.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
We had a discussion this morning with respect to
chlorides that enter into the total dissolved solids. And
you mentioned in your report the significant increases.
But yet as a summary on page 29, item #6, you point out
that this is still well below levels directly lethal to fish
and food organisms even though the solids have increased.
You point out your concern about an accelerated rate of
increase. This is worded with respect to directly lethal
to fish and food organisms.
Is there some indirect influence? And are you
concerned about the present levels if they would be maintained?
DR. HARTMAN: Yes.
Mr. Carr, our limnological expert will handle this
question.
MR. CARR: You are talking about total dissolved
solids and those other —
MR. PURDY: Yes.
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W. L. Hartman
MR. CARR: Well, we started looking at the Great
Lakes to see if they changed. The only long-range chemical
data we had were total dissolved solids, chlorides, calcium,
and a few other easily measured constituents.
Now, we only use these as indicators of change in
the Great Lakes. By no stretch of the imagination are the
levels in any of the Great Lakes approaching toxicity to any
fish that I know of. They are merely an indication that we
can change the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes are changing
and continuing to change despite 5 conferences on pollution
in the Great Lakes or six or how many there are.
That data on the chemistry is strictly an indica-
tion of change. We didn't measure mercury. We didn't
measure pesticides. But we can show since those pesticides
have been introduced, there has certainly been an increase.
MR. PURDY: Of course, there is one sort of action
that needs to be taken to not continue the rate of increase.
There is another sort of action that would need to be taken
if we had to cut back. And I am searching for an answer as
to which sort of action this board should be seeking.
MR. CARR: You mean to —
MR. PURDY: Well, is it necessary to cut back or
should we take action to hold the line with respect to total
dissolved solids?
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W. L. Hartman
MR. CARR: A personal opinion, again, the total
dissolved solids is nowhere near being toxic. I think all
we want to do is stop the increase. I don't think we have
to retreat as far as total dissolved solids unless those
total dissolved solids include mercury, DDT, and a few other
things.
MR. PURDY: In the report on page 9, speaking of
the oxygen deficits and so forth, you say the solution of
the problem merely requires that the input of nutrients be
reduced. And I am wondering if you could define for me
what you mean by nutrients. What is included there?
MR. CARR: Phosphorus. I think in most of the
studies of the Lake Erie Technical Committee, the conclu-
sions they came up with were phosphorus is the one control-
lable nutrient that could have an effect on algae production
in Lake Erie.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
I am again, now, into the area of thermal effluents.
You report that in western Lake Erie, there are discrete
spawning sites on shallow reefs. Have those spawning sites
been identified as a part of any of your studies?
DR. HARTMAN: Yes. As far as we know, the important
walleye reefs have been identified. We have thermal records
from a number of them. And most of them have been mapped,
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W. L. Hartman
sir.
MR. PURDY: We will be real interested in having
our people get together with yours and identify the sites
in the Michigan waters.
In your oral presentation, there was one word
here that you changed. And there is a significant difference
in the word in my mind. And you say in the written report,
"Such that heating discharges would severely disrupt spawn-
ing activities." In your oral presentation, you said "could."
There is quite a difference between those two words in my
mind. Which one do you believe best describes what will
take place?
DR. HARTMAN: My personal opinion is that the word
should be "would." That is not a typographical error or
verbal error. It should be "would" and we perhaps ought to
make it clear in the summary statement that that change
should be made to "would."
MR.PURDY: Thank you.
Again, on this same page in your summary statement,
you added to it. The full report mentions that you will
continue to conduct basic research and that you feel it is
the responsibility of industry and water quality agencies to
recognize and address their resources to the problem. And I
am assuming to the problem of research. But in your oral
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W. L. Hartraan
presentation, you included the statement that there should
be no more new thermal inputs to the lake until this had
been accomplished.
Again, this seems to be a significant departure
from the summary report. It leaves me confused as to which
one I should place the most importance upon.
MR. CARR: I believe what we mean is that there
should be no more thermal discharges to the western basin
of Lake Erie until we know what the consequences are.
MR. PURDY: Do you have in mind a program of
research? And do you believe that this research can be con-
ducted out of Lake Erie and still give us the definition that
we need as to what will happen when the thermal input is put
into Lake Erie?
MR. CARR: I think it can be done in Lake Erie.
I think the powerplants are financing the study now up in
Monroe that will give us some clue. I think the mathematical
model that Mr. Lyon was talking about should be done
immediately. I think we have enough theoretical data that
we could come with pretty good guesses on what is going to
happen to this thermal water, whether it is going to increase
the probability of thermal stratification in the western
basin, where it is going to go, and the heat loss to the
atmosphere. I think we have enough knowledge right now to
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W. L. Hartraan
come up with the answers in the very near future.
I am not talking about 30-year research plans.
I am talking about one year/ everybody get on it, and we
get it done.
MR. PURDY: Yes, I am aware of the research that
has been developed, I think in cooperation with you and with
our fish people and with members of our staff. However,
this contemplates that there will be some new thermal inputs
into the lake during this one- or 2-year research period.
And I am wondering if you are making a recommendation that
those thermal inputs ought to be stopped until the research
has been completed.
MR. CARR: I don't know who to speak for — myself
or both of us or the lab or the bureau — but I think the
answer personally is, yes, we should have that information
before the discharge is permitted.
MR. PURDY: Well, to get the effect of the heat
discharge, we have got to have some heat input to the lake.
So I find it hard to understand how we are going to get the
type of information that you are seeking unless we put some
heat in.
MR. CARR: Well, we have some thermal discharges
in certain times of the year in the Maumee River, Raisin
River. We can study those as a thermal discharge and come
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W. L. Hartman
up with some information.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further questions?
MR. PURDY: I have a couple more, Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: Oh, keep going.
MR. PURDY: On page 21, with respect to the stock-
ing of the coho, you point out that since 1870, there have
been a number of failures with respect to success in the
coho stocking program, but that in recent years, that has
met with resounding success. If we don't clarify this, this
would indicate that maybe in the 1870's we had some poor
water quality and now we have some better water quality so
that the coho stocking program can succeed. I think there
are some other factors involved here that ought to be placed
in the record so that we don't have a misunderstanding on
this point.
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, Mr.Purdy, rightly so. I think
we might establish for the sake of the record that our propa-
gation capabilities for coho salmon now and also our knowledge
about age at release and time at release and so forth have
developed to an expertise at this point where there is
greater probability of success in certain areas from stockage.
MR. PURDY: And it is not due to water quality that
it didn't succeed in the early 1900's?
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W. L. Hartman
DR. HARTMAN: No, sir.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
That's all, Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: Any other comment or question?
(No response.)
Mr. Carr, I have one point. And I think this is
maybe a philosophical point, but this is an essential one,
I think.
You talk in terms of allowing no more heat in
until you complete your study. And I can understand that.
You don't want to tamper with it. And you figure, given a
mathematical model, you can make a projection.
Then when you get the solids, you don't have that
attitude any more. There we are dealing with toxic levels.
If it is not toxic to fish, you are ready to let the solids
go in.
How come we don't have the same philosophy with
solids as we do with heat?
MR. CARR: Well, total dissolved solids in most
natural water, particularly in the Great Lakes, is about 99.9
percent calcium compounds, natural compounds. If you want
to talk about copper or specific elements, then I would have
a different philosophy. But simply the measure of total
dissolved solids was what I was referring to as being of
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W. L. Hartman
less concern.
MR. STEIN: Well, O.K. And this is what I want to
make clear here, I don't think the conference, I hope, is
going to be concerned about anything as vague as total dis-
solved solids because I don't know how to get at that. We
are dealing with specific sources of specific materials to
try to control them. I think other than that, we may be
tilting at windmills.
Any other comments?
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, based on this discussion
and the fact that the cycle of recognizing pollution and
doing something about it is rather long these days as we
have already found out, I would recommend to the conferees
that we give serious consideration to revising or adding a
new item.
If you remember, originally, in 1965, this con-
ference developed some 26 items. Item 16 says, "Industrial
plants are to improve practices for the segregation and
treatment of waste to effect the maximum reductions of the
following:" And then under that is listed a number of items,
And it includes item (i), Excessive heat.
I would recommend that we pull that out and write
a new conclusion regarding the introduction of heat to Lake
Erie which is designed to essentially eliminate significant
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W. L. Hartman
discharges of heat to that lake.
MR. STEIN: Well, are you prepared to do that now?
MR. LYON: Not right this moment, but I think we
should do it pretty quick.
MR. STEIN: Well, I do, too. Let me make a
suggestion. We are preparing some material, and I think
this is a very complicated question. And I hope you will
all bear with me on this.
The Department of the Interior, at least the
Assistant Secretaries for Water Quality and Research and
for Fish and Wildlife have made a recommendation on tempera-
ture in Lake Michigan. The conferees at that conference,
some of whom are represented here, have asked for a justifi-
cation. We are now preparing a so-called white paper which
will be presented.
In Lake Michigan, we are dealing with the one
Great Lake which is an American lake. If we deal with this
question of temperature in any of the other Great Lakes, as
I think we must, we are not just dealing with an American
problem, but we are dealing with an international problem.
And I think this becomes a little more sensitive in a
correlation of views than the dealing with reducing pollutants.
We can proceed on our own in pollutants because we
know, at least in a fairly rough estimate, when they started,
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W. L. Hartman
90 percent of the materials going into the lakes were
coming from the American side and not the Canadian side.
And the more we reduced, the better off we would be. But
when you are dealing with temperature, it seems to me we
need a coordinated approach.
My suggestion is this: I don't think the very
force of events is such that the problem is going to wait.
We are preparing this paper now. It should be available.
I suggest everyone take an interest in what we do in Lake
Michigan. And when that material goes out, we can apply the
lessons we have to the other Great Lakes if you want to do
them, because I suspect once we begin doing that, we are going
to have that other dimension of an international situation
which we don't have on Lake Michigan.
And it seems to me that the wisest course of
action would be try to take the first step, at least, until
we clarify our thinking in the area where you may not be
directly concerned, but in an area which is exclusively
within the United States jurisdiction. I think that would
be the most logical approach and the fastest way to arrive
at solutions to this problem.
MR. LYON: When do you think that will be available?
MR. STEIN: It should be available by the end of
this month. At least, the paper will be available. And
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W. L. Hartman
whether you get to it or not, we hope you or a representa-
tive can get to the discussion, but I think you would have
pretty good views when you read the paper whether you agree
with it or do not agree with the rationale.
MR. LYON: Could it be arranged to have the con-
ferees get copies of that?
MR. STEIN: Oh, certainly. I am sure when we
prepare that document, it is going to be one of those best
seller operations because I don't think it is just the con-
ferees. But I think the power industry and press and all
the others will want copies of that throughout the country.
And this will obviously be made available to all.
Well, are there any other comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, thank you very much, gentlemen.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Stein, one question that doesn't
relate to the presentation here, but a comment by Mr. Mayo
relative to the $20 million authorization in Public Law
91-224.
We have a couple of projects in the State of
Michigan. They are interested in making applications for
this money. It is my understanding that at the present
time there has been authorization, but no money appropriated.
Is this correct?
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Arthur H. Cratty
MR. MAYO: That is correct. The appropriation
would have to be embodied in the Appropriation Bill for
fiscal 1971.
MR. PURDY: Now, following along that line and
the likelihood that maybe some money might be available in
this for the modeling program that Mr. Lyon talked about,
has a request for this $20 million be made by the Adminis-
tration?
MR. MAYO: Yes, there was a preliminary request.
I am not sure of the exact amount. I understand it is in
the range of about $10 million. A program for the utiliza-
tion of those funds is currently under consideration. And
the invitation is out to conferees to make whatever recom-
mendations they feel are consistent with the purposes of
Section 15 for inclusion as part of the justification for
the appropriation of funds.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, Mr. Mayo, would you continue?
MR. MAYO: The next Federal agency presentation
will be in behalf of the Department of Agriculture, it
will be presented by Mr. Earl Terpstra, the Planning Staff
Leader, Soil Conservation Service, Lansing, Michigan.
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310
A. H. Cratty
STATEMENT OF ARTHUR H. CRATTY
COMMISSIONER, AGRICULTURE
GREAT LAKES BASIN COMMISSION,
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN
AS READ BY EARL A. TERPSTRA
MR. TERPSTRA: Chairman Stein, conferees, ladies
and gentlemen, I am very happy to be here today to present
this statement for the United States Department of Agricul-
ture by Arthur H. Cratty, Commissioner, Agriculture, Great
Lakes Basin Commission, Lansing, Michigan.
This statement will deal specifically with the
problems and needs of the Lake Erie Basin with regard to
pollutants.
The United States side of Lake Erie has been
studied and the amount of sediment contribution has been
identified by hydrologic units.
The total amount of sediment delivered to Lake
Erie from the United States is estimated to be in excess of
2.7 million tons per year. Sheet erosion accounts for 94
percent, streambank erosion contributes more than 1.0
percent, urban construction areas about 4.0 percent, and
less than 1.0 percent is supplied by roadside erosion.
Exhibit 1, Mr. Chairman, summarizes the various
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A. H. Cratty
sediment sources by hydrologic units and their totals for
the U. S. side of the basin. Exhibit 2 shows the Lake Erie
Basin divided into hydrologic units and a graphical repre-
sentation of sediment contributions by river systems. These
data are preliminary and subject to revision but illustrate
the relative intensities of sediment production.
In the United States portion of the Lake Erie
Basin, there are approximately 7,500,000 acres of cropland
of which approximately 4,300,000 acres have been adequately
treated to control erosion.
Significant progress has been made to reduce sedi-
ment pollution with the ongoing programs of USDA and others.
For example, 2,300,000 acres are in conservation crop rota-
tions, 53,000 acres of contouring have been applied, 8,300
acres of grass waterways have been installed and 61,000
acres are installed as strip cropping. A total of 73 miles
of terraces, 109 miles of field windbreaks, 89 miles of
streambank protection, and 690 miles of hedgerow plantings
have been installed. Tree plantings totaling 146,000 acres
and pasture and hayland planting of 217,000 acres have been
accomplished. Construction of 1,500 grade stabilization
structures and 9,700 farm ponds has been completed. About
74,000 acres of cropland have been converted to grassland
and 23,000 acres of woodland. Crop residue management has
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312
A. H. Cratty
been applied to 740,000 acres and minimum tillage to 380,000
acres. All of these practices provide erosion and sedimenta-
tion control.
The U. S. Department of Agriculture has two new
pollution reduction practices. One of these practices is
reducing pollution of water by farm wastes. It applies to
barnyards, feedlots, milkrooms and other farm areas from
which runoff constitutes an actual or potential pollution
hazard. The other practice is controlling sedimentation.
This practice is applicable to critical areas on farms adjacent
to streams, ponds, and lakes which are subject to erosion
and which constitute significant pollution hazards* Both
practices are eligible for cost-sharing assistance from the
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service. Techni-
cal assistance is available from the Soil Conservation Ser-
vice.
Good land use and conservation practices serve to
reduce the amounts of nutrients supplied to watercourses by
farms and feedlots.
The best way to reduce erosion and sedimentation
are continuation of programs such as conservation crop
rotations, crop residue management and minimum tillage
practices with pasture and hayland plantings on crop produc-
ing areas. Other practices such as plantings of trees,
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313
A. H. Cratty
hedgerows and grassed waterways and structural measures/
including grade stabilization structures and farm ponds
serve as excellent control measures. The application of
P.L. 566 projects to provide management on a watershed basis
is highly effective for erosion and sediment pollution con-
trol. Municipal erosion and sediment problems are primarily
due to construction in developing areas. The control measures
for agricultural lands are applicable to these urban areas
also. The new publication Community Action Guidebook for
Soil Erosion and Sediment Control by the National Association
of Counties Research Foundation provides an excellent guide
for establishment of action groups and control measures. A
copy of this guidebook is in each Soil Conservation Service
office. USDA is pleased to have had a part in developing
these guidelines.
It is evident from the information presented that
an accelerated land treatment and sediment control program
would significantly reduce sediment delivery to Lake Erie.
The implementation of such a program will require cooperative
efforts of Federal, State and local governmental units and
individual landowners. The USDA does not have jurisdiction
over private lands. It must be emphasized therefore that
carrying out these practices through USDA programs is voluntary
on the part of landowners and community or State action groups.
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A. H. Cratty
I can assure you that those USDA agencies (Forest
Service, Soil Conservation Service, Agricultural Stabiliza-
tion and Conservation Service) having programs related to
land use are directing their efforts to reducing pollution
by sediment within authorities and resources available to
them.
The conferees, I'm sure, are aware that USDA
recently suspended the registration of liquid formulations
of the weed killer, 2,4,5-T for use around the home and on
lakes, ponds, and ditch banks.
The USDA is firmly on record as an active partici-
pant in eliminating pollution of our land, water, and air.
Mr. Chairman, this concludes my report.
MR. STEIN: Without objection, the Exhibits 1 and 2
will appear in the record as if read.
(Exhibits 1 and 2 attached to the statement
follow.)
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l,akf;i i.;?'ie Basin (U.S, Poi^tion)
315
Estimated A"(""'O•>•;;(-' Annual Sediment Deposition
H_L3Jse_-£r»-i ?_1)y..lJ^.di'.oI-.Qg.ic_ Units - _Tons per year;
(Preliminary)
Unit
Black River
St. Clair Complex
Clinton River
Rouge Rivor
Huron River
Sv;an Creek Complex
Raisin River
Maurree River
Toussaint-Portage Complex
Sandusky River
Huron-Vermillion Complex
Black-Rocky Complex
Cuyahoga
Chagrin Complex
Ashtabula-Conneaut
Erie-Chautauqua
Chattaragus
Tonawanda Complex
;^]0»:t I./
'-52,600
2?, 2 00
=$8,500
J 07, 600
57,1100
58,300
.1 16,200
1 ,159,000
111,900
22 -i, 7 00
214,000
119,100
18^,000
28,500
15,300
50, MOO
16,700
'i'l, 800
2,!,.] U.'iUO
9M
I
Stream-
bank 2/
1,400
1,300
1,500
1,400
1,600
700
2,800
7,000
2,100
2,300
2,000
1,900
1,600
1,000
700
1,600
1,300
3,200
36,800
1.0+
rosion So
Urban 3/
_
-
8,000
22,000
6,000
-
-
13,000
-
-
-
9,000
16,000
8,000
-
8,000
-
17,000
107,000
4.0-
urce
Roadside 4/
21,000
21,000
1.0-
___ lQtal_
34,000
23,500
48,000
131,000
65,000
59,000
119,000
*1,179,000
114,000
* 226,000
216,000
130,000
* 200,600
37,500
16,000
60,000
18,000
55,000
21,000
2,775,100
100
Basin Total
Percent of Total
* Measured USGS Data.
\_/ Based on an average annual rate computed from conservation needs data
by soil resource areas, Pe.Hvery ratios applied based upon drainage
area size averages.
2_/ Based upon average erosion role of 27 tons per square mile found in
recent streaiibank erosion utnJy, Delivery ratio applied.
_3/ From special evaluation ul i.rban erosion, Great Lakes Basin Framework
Study. Deliver-/ rdtiu.s np, ! ied.
_4/ Based upon recent raudsidu ci-osion study in Wisconsin. Delivery
ratios applied.
Exhibit 1
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316
Exhibit 2
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317
A. H. Cratty
MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?
MR. MAYO: I have a couple of questions, Mr.
Chairman.
In looking at the figures in the Exhibits 1 and 2,
it is certainly apparent that the principal source of sedi-
ments is from sheet erosion. And certainly the single
largest source in the drainage basin context is contributed
from the Maumee River.
MR. TERPSTRA: Correct, Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: I wonder if you could make some obser-
vation for us about the significance of current tillage
practices in the Maumee or other tributary drainage basins
to the amounts of sediment that are showing up in the form
of sheet erosion?
MR. TERPSTRA: Increased emphasis on the practice
of minimum tillage, zero tillage — in other words, not
plowing, harrowing the soil -- will tend to decrease the
sheet erosion rates as will such practices as strip cropping.
MR. MAYO: Would you venture the observation that
a major change in tillage practices in the Maumee River
Basin would significantly reduce sediment erosion?
MR. TERPSTRA: Yes, I feel this is correct, sir.
MR. MAYO: Has Agriculture either through SCS or the
ASCS program focused on this tillage practice problem in
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318
A. H. Cratty
the Maumee, for instance?
MR. TERPSTRA: Yes, sir. As the paper indicated,
since there is a voluntary program, all our efforts are
directed in this direction. We seem to be gaining ground.
At times, it does seem like we have got a long way to go.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle.
MR. EAGLE: I would like to elaborate on that a
little further. I don't think you brought out this point.
One of the reasons for the higher contribution in the Maumee
is because about 99.9 percent of the land is under cultiva-
tion, whereas this is not true in the other basins. And I
don't think the practices are any worse or any better probably
than any other basin, but it is the fact that such a high
percentage of this land is under cultivation.
MR. TERPSTRA: A very good point.
MR. MAYO: The point of my inquiry, Mr. Eagle, was
not to be critical unnecessarily, but rather to bring out
the point that the major part of the sediment load for Lake
Erie apparently is the direct consequence of current tillage
practices in the Maumee River Basin. And these are prac-
tices that certainly are capable of being changed.
MR. EAGLE: That's right.
MR. MAYO: I don't know offhand what relationship
tilling practices may have to productivity or agricultural
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319
A. H. Cratty
income. But on the surface, at least, certainly it warrants
taking a very good look at how we might be able to effect a
significant level of improvement, both in the Maumee River
and in Lake Erie proper, by a major change in tillage prac-
tices in the Maumee River Basin.
MR. EAGLE: Yes. And I would like to elaborate
on that a little bit. And I would like to be critical
even though you didn't want to be-
I think this is a very excellent report. And at
least the agricultural people have recognized this problem
and are attempting to do something about it. But yet it is
still a voluntary program. And I think that probably so far
as deterioration of Lake Erie is concerned, the sediment
runoff contributions are equally as important, if maybe not
more important, than the man-made contributions. And I
think it is high time, at least, we make recommendations
that some kind of a mandatory program be exercised in this
area.
And the know-how is available to cut down these
sediment contributions very, very materially. And it seems
to me that agriculture has to get on the same bandwagon as we
have with municipalities and industries that are being forced
to reduce these wastes — these contributions. And I think
that this group certainly should go on record as favoring
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320
A. H. Cratty
some kind of Federal legislation, State legislation, and so
on down the line, to require certain things to be done.
MR. MAYO: As an additional comment, Mr. Eagle,
certainly one of the approaches that may be open for explora-
tion would recognize that while Agriculture does not have
any regulatory authority with regard to tillage practices and
may never have such an authority as far as Federal legisla-
tion is concerned, but if we can once recognize that a
particular practice is detrimental to a particular element
of the environment, certainly it would not be unreasonable
to look at the question of eligibility for the Department of
Agriculture on the farm assistance programs if, on the one
hand, the farmer is participating in the practice that is
resulting in a significant sediment problem.
So that while it may not be practical to try to
regulate the tillage practice directly, it may be appropriate
to explore the question of eligibility for other assistance
programs if undesirable tillage practices are being employed.
MR. EAGLE: I believe those are available now.
I believe those are already available under the Soil Con-
servation Service for the most part.
MR. MAYO: I know that the assistance is available,
but if we are concerned about sediment as a consequence of
deep tillage practices is an undesirable activity, maybe it
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321
A. H. Cratty
is not inappropriate to suggest that a farmer who is engaging
in tillage practices that result in increased sediment run-
off should not be eligible for certain kinds of assistance
programs.
MR. STEIN: I would like to point out, one, we do
have regulatory authority right in the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act. Various wastes were attempted to be
exempted in the legislative proposals before the Congress.
One of them, Mr. Eagle, you may recall, was radioactive
waste. But we proceeded against radioactive material. Another
was agricultural wastes. Both of these exemptions were speci-
fically rejected by the Congress.
Now, right in Mr. Terpstra's paper, he talks about
particular pollution in certain areas which are apt to con-
tain more pollutants than others such as barnyards, feedlots,
milkrooras, and other farm areas. I think we have announced
that very shortly we will hold a hearing on the first 180-
day notice issued against a feedlot. So we are proceeding
against them.
Now, I know possibly, Mr. Terpstra, I am talking
to the convertant here when I talk to you. And I think you
have done a magnificent job because we have been trying to
get something like this from the Department of Agriculture
for years. And you and your group and the Soil Conservation
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322
A. II. Cratty
Service need to be commended. This is the first breakthrough
we have had. However, I think, sir, this is just the begin-
ning. We have attempted again and again — and I think you
have indicated it — to try to get the amount of fertilizer
put on the land from a feedlot, a barnyard, a milkroom or
other farm areas where runoff constitutes an actual or
potential pollution hazard, to determine the phosphate
runoff, the insecticides and pesticides, so we would look
at them in the same way. When you ask, "Why don't you look
for toxic substances" and not know where they are, you should
know what goes in so you know what to look for. If we can't
get these specifics laid out, we are going to be in a bad
spot.
Now, I think our Assistant Secretary, Secretary
Klein, has said he figures with all the slippage and the
problems you might see here, we are getting industrial
cooperation. We are on our way with programs to clean up
industry. That's two-thirds of the problem. The one-third
we are really deficient in going after is from the agricul-
tural wastes that are running off the lands.
Now, this is what I would like to do, just to go
back to your table; for example, in Exhibit 1, you talk in
terms of sheet runoff, streambank runoff and urban runoff.
The question here is: Is there a difference in the
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323
A. H. Cratty
concentration or the pollutants contained, for example,
in sheet runoff or urban runoff? I don't know what the
answer to this question is, really. I am just asking the
question.
We have this large figure on sediments deposited
in the Maumee River Basin. I know they are solids. But
the figure is over one million. Then when you go to an
urban source in the Rouge River area or the Tonawanda
complex, we get much lower figures — 22,000, 17,000 — as
compared with these million figures. I am not sure that the
concentration of pollutants may be such that these 22,000
may be significant figures.
I think we are all looking for the same thing.
This is what we are looking for. I think Mr. Eagle made a
very perceptive remark when he contended that the Maumee
River had gotten the prize here because that was the place
that was cultivated. But looking down your list, in talking
about urban runoffs, you come up with the conclusion that
the high ones are the Rouge River, the Huron River, the
Maumee River, the Black Rocky complex, Cuyahoga, Erie
Chattanooga and the Tonawanda. This is expected, because
this is where we have the centers of urban activity.
When we talk about the problem, I don't think we
should point our finger just at the farmer, because it may
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324
A. H. Cratty
be from a regulatory, management point of view much easier
to control this urban runoff than the thousands of acres
you have to control to get the sheet runoff. And this, again,
is what we don't know — that your urban runoff or the
streambank runoff may contain different characteristics or
there may be certain areas in the river basin where you
have large concentrations. And if we clean those up, you
would really hit pay dirt.
May I just go off this and give you another example?
One of our big problems in the Colorado River Basin is
chlorides or salts, as you might know, coming into the Colo-
rado. We have several sources in the Colorado. But one of
these sources is the natural salt springs. We have identified
about 20 of them. And we figure — and I don't want to be
held to this — for about $5 million you can clean up those
salt springs, picking selected spots in that tremendous
Colorado Basin, which you know is 1400 miles of mainstream
and 6 tributaries and 7 States. And if you go into 20
specific places and you just concentrate on those and you
plug those salt springs and salt wells, you will have
reduced that salt tremendously.
Now, what I am suggesting and asking again — and
again taking your work — if we could go back to the
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325
A. H. Cratty
Department of Agriculture and get those places where we have
a high incidence of pollution and concentrate on these first.
Again, let me give you one more example. This is about the
experience we went through with the Corps of Engineers
with the disposal of the dredgings. I think we and the Corps
agreed that the ones that had top priority were the real
polluted dredgings that had to be handled first.
Now, what we are trying to do and we haven't been
able to do and I ask you — is it at all possible for the
Department of Agriculture to devote its attention to giving
us its analysis of where the real polluted sediment is coming
from and the places that really contain the pollutants, so we
and you and the States can get together and set up a system
of priorities to get at this program? I really ask you that
urgently. The reason I am asking you that is that I
think you have demonstrated you have made a magnificent
start here. I hope you continue working with us on this.
MR. SEEBALD: Mr. Stein, I would assume that your
definition of pollution includes those high in nutrients
also.
MR. STEIN: Yes.
MR. SEEBALD: This is an important factor that
ordinarily escapes.
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326
A. H. Cratty
MR. STEIN: That's right. I am sorry. Maybe I
slipped over that. I thought I said it first. We were
trying to get where they put the fertilizer down; get the
nutrients.
I said when I talked earlier about this during
the noon break that these aren't toxic materials compared
to the insecticides and pesticides. Nitrogen and phosphorus
may be benign, but its effect on the lake may be horrible
in any event. So we would want both the content of the
fertilizers and the content of the insecticides, pesticides,
and other toxic materials. I believe the Department of
Agriculture — and I won't quarrel with your definition now
— calls these in your professional jargon'economic poisons,"
but that is what we are interested in — what they are and
where they are applied and what about them.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman, I would like to make an
observation. We have been talking about this for 5 years
now. And to my recollection — I may be wrong about this —
we never had a high official in the U. S. Department of
Agriculture to come here and talk to us and make any com-
mitment with regard to what their program is on this. And
I think it is high time that we have such an official from
the Department of Agriculture to come here and outline the
Federal program.
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327
A. H. Cratty
MR. STEIN: Sir, give me the privilege of going
off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
MR. STEIN: Let's go back on the record.
Any other comments or questions?
MR. EAGLE: I was misled by his title here. He
has both titles.
MR. STEIN: Thank you very much.
MR. MAYO: Mr. Chairman, the only remaining
Federal presentation is the mercury report which in keep-
ing with your opening remarks you suggested be held for
the closing statement. We would just defer making that
report until later in the conference program.
MR. STEIN: I think we should give the States
an opportunity to answer the Federal reports. And if we
get off on this mercury program, it may be lost.
Let's take a 10-minute recess. And when we
return, Michigan will make its presentation.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene.
Mr. Mayo, do you have anything to say before we
conclude the Federal Government presentation?
MR. MAYO: We have some representatives here from
the Corps of Engineers who, while they don't have a specific
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328
F. B. Frost
statement to make, will be available for questions as we
proceed with the conference.
MR. STEIN: We will now turn to Michigan. Mr.
Purdy, will you take over?
MR. PURDY: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Chairman, I would like to acknowledge being
joined here by Mr. Vogt who is chairman of the Water
Resources Commission and also director of the Division of
Engineering, Michigan Department of Public Health.
I would like to call upon Mr. Frost, the Chief
Engineer of the Water Resources Commission, now, to present
the State report.
STATEMENT OF FRANCIS B. FROST
CHIEF ENGINEER
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
MR. FROST: Mr. Chairman, conferees, ladies and
gentlemen, my name is Francis B. Frost. I am Chief Engineer
of Michigan Water Resources Commission.
Michigan has a prepared statement, and I am sure
you have a copy of it, Mr. Chairman. I intend to briefly
review this report. And with the exception of the data
contained in Appendix A, I do not intend to go through all
of the data in the remaining appendices unless required or
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329
F. B. Frost
asked. I would ask, however, the entire report be made a
part of the conference record.
MR. STEIN: Without objection, the entire report
will be entered into the conference record as if read.
(The above-referred to report follows in its
entirety.)
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330
FOR THE RECONVENED CONFERENCE
SIXTH SESSION
ON
DILUTION OF THE INTERSTATE AND OHIO INTRASTATE
WATERS OF LAKE ERIE AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
(INDIANA-MICHIGAN-NEW YORK-OHIO-PENNSYLVANIA)
CALLED BY
WALTER J. HICKEL
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
STARTING JUNE 3, 1970
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
ON BEHALF OF
THE
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
MAY 1970
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331
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
JOHN E. VOGT, Chairman, representing the Director, Department of Public Health
STANLEY QUACKENBUSH, Vice Chairman, representing the Director, Department
of Agriculture
GERALD E. EDDY, representing the Director, Department of Natural Resources
JOHN P. WOODFORD, representing the State Highway Commission
GEORGE F. LIDDLE, Muskegon, representing Municipal Groups
JOHN H. KITCHEL, Grand Haven, representing Conservation Groups
JIM GILMORE, Kalamazoo, representing Industrial Management Groups
RALPH W. PURDY
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
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332
PURPOSE
At the reconvened conferences in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1966; in
Buffalo, New York in 1967; and again in Cleveland in 1968 and 1969, the
Michigan Water Resources Commission reviewed the pollution control
program that had been developed to abate pollution and enhance the Michigan
waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries. The reports outlined how Michigan,
in 1965, had established water quality goals for the Detroit River and
Michigan waters of Lake Erie and how a voluntary pollution abatement
program had been formed with the cooperation of industries and munic-
ipalities. The reports further set down the effluent restrictions and
treatment facility construction time schedules required to achieve the
desired water quality goals. Finally, the reports described the
water quality, surveillance and effluent monitoring programs that have
been established by the Michigan Water Resources Commission.
This report wil1 reviewsthe compliance status of the previously
approved abatement programs and time schedules and wfH->presents
information on recent pollution control activities affecting water quality
in Michigan's waters of Lake Erie.
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333
UNDER
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL COMPLIANCE STATUS
Appendix A lists the current performance status of the industrial
plants and municipal units which have stipulations with the Michigan Water
Resources Commission to control their waste discharges to the Detroit River
and Lake Erie.
Appendix B lists the Michigan industries and municipalities which
have discharges in Michigan's portion of the Lake Erie-Detroit River Basin
and indicates those which have nutrient discharges that affect Lake Erie
water quality. There are essentially no industries which presently discharge
nutrients to the Detroit River or Lake Erie without prior treatment or
partial removal. In accordance with Michigan's approved interstate standards
plan of implementation, all affected units of government will be expected to
accomplish phosphorus removal by June 1, 1977 at the latest. Earlier
compliance dates are being required of most of these governmental units.
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Michigan has adopted water quality standards and designated uses for all
of its intrastate waters and interstate waters. The Federal government has
approved these standards with the exception of temperature standards for
fish, wildlife and other aquatic life for interstate waters. Revised
thermal standards were the subject of a public hearing held on March 19, 1970.
IN REGARD TO THE
CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
In June 1969, the Michigan State Legislature passed legislation to im-
plement the $285 million bond program for construction of municipal wastewater
treatment plants. The bond money will enable communities to receive grants
up to 55 percent of the cost of construction of treatment works and intercepting
sewers. This is divided into a 25 percent outright state grant, a 25 percent
state advance of anticipated future Federal funds and an expected 5 percent
Federal grant. An additional $50 million bond issue was approved by Michigan
voters for construction of collecting sewers, and implementing legislation was
passed in July 1969. Michigan has recognized its commitment by assisting its
communities in financing needed treatment facilities and by advancing state
bond moneys for anticipated Federal funds. It is requiring local units to
provide the remaining funds with the assurance that their advanced share will
be reimbursed by future Federal moneys before the state receives reimbursement.
A priority list of projects has been developed and has been approved by
the Commission and the Legislature. At each monthly meeting of the Commission
a report is presented which lists changes in the status of grant offers
and developments since the previous month's meeting and summarizes all action
to date. The report submitted at the May 1970 meeting is included in Appendix C.
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334
WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MICHIGAN WATERS OF LAKE ERIE AND ITS
TRIBUTARIES
The water quality surveillance program established by Michigan was
described in detail to the conferees at Buffalo in 1967. The sampling and
testing of the Detroit River and Lake Erie at 72 locations is continuing and
the data obtained from 1966-1969 is available in a report published in
January 1970 entitled, "Water Quality Surveillance Program, Detroit River-
Lake Erie." Similar data for the 88 municipal and industrial waste discharges
along the Detroit, Rouge, Huron and Raisin rivers will be published in June
1970. This report will include all 1969 data and a summary of the 1968 data.
The water quality monitoring of Great Lakes tributary streams was
initiated by the Water Resources Commission in May 1955 to obtain background
radioactivity information. The monitoring program has since been expanded
to its present level of 46 stations located throughout the state. In 1969
eight of these stations were located in Detroit River, Lake Erie or their
tributaries. The results of the 1969 sampling of these stations are presented
in Appendix D.
Beginning in 1963 the monitoring program was expanded to obtain a variety
of background data on the quality of water flowing into the Great Lakes
and connecting waters via the principal watersheds in Michigan's Lower Peninsula.
The specific objectives of the program are to determine long-term trends in the
chemical, physical and bacteriological characteristics of these tributaries.
The monitoring stations are located as close as possible to the mouths of
the drainage basins and below all known sources of waste. Three such stations
are tributary to the Detroit River or Lake Erie. A summary of results of
analyses of the samples collected at these stations and from the Ecorse River
in 1969 are presented in Appendix E.
Beginning in 1967 the Commission inaugurated a program of sampling of
raw water from the Great Lakes. Samples are collected annually from water
treatment plant intakes. The intent of the program is to establish existing
water quality and to indicate long-term changes in water quality. Four intakes
are located in the Detroit River or Lake Erie. The results of analyses of the
samples collected at these stations in 1969 are presented in Appendix F.
In addition to the program conducted by the Water Resources Commission,
the Michigan Department of Public Health requires that each water treatment
plant submit monthly operating reports which contain results of physical, chemical
and bacteriological tests which are made on the raw water supply. The two
programs supplement each other and furnish fairly complete documentation of
the water quality at water intakes.
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335
The Michigan Water Resources Commission conducts an annual summer
sampling program of Michigan's Great Lakes coastline surface waters. The
program, initiated in 1965, is designed to provide bacteriological data during
the summer recreation and vacation season of June to September. Twenty-two
of these sampling points are located on Lake Erie or the Detroit River,
Appendix G presents a summary of the 1969 data collected at these stations.
In conjunction with the existing program for monitoring the bacterial quality,
a program was started in 1969 to collect qualitative and quantitative algal data
from the coastline surface waters during the summer recreation season. Chemical
and physical analyses of water samples were collected concurrently with the
algal samples. The data that was collected in 1969 at the eight stations
located on Lake Erie or the Detroit River is presented in Appendix H.
Part of Michigan's plan of implementation for protection of interstate
waters was to establish a long-range surveillance program on these waters.
In addition to the previously mentioned annual sampling of water intakes, the
interstate river basins are sampled near Michigan's borders and above and below
possible problem areas. These locations are sampled twice a year, once during
a high flow period and once during a low flow period. Two such basins are
tributary to Lake Erie, the Maurnee River basin and the tributaries to North
Maumee Bay. The results of analyses of the samples collected in these two basins
in 1969 are presented in Appendix I.
In 1969 a comprehensive survey of the water quality in the Ecorse River,
a tributary of the Detroit River, was conducted by the staff of the Commission.
The results of this survey and a concurrent survey by the Michigan Department
of Public Health have been published in August 1969 in a report entitled
"Ecorse River Water Quality Study, May-July 1969". Further investigations
are in progress to correct problems in this basin.
DAJA-PRQCESSING
The Michigan Water Resources Commission has began a data storage and
retrieval system which employs the Federal Water Quality Administration's
STORET system cf data handling. The data gathered in the regular monitoring
and surveillance programs described in the preceding paragraphs have been,
or soon will be placed in STORET. In addition to STORET, Michigan is developing
a system to provide monthly control of industrial and municipal performance
activities with file maintenance provided through the use of special
computer programs.
THERMAL MONITORING
Staff of the Commission have conducted investigations of major sources
of thermal inputs to the Great Lakes in the last two years, including most
of the power plants that discharge to Lake Erie or the Detroit River. Additional
surveys and resurveys will be conducted in the summer of 1970. The data will
be made available in published form.
-------
336
Industries with significant thermal discharges are being required
(in new Orders of Determination) to conduct pre and post operative surveys
in the vicinity of their discharges. Several of the power plants that
discharge to Lake Erie or the Detroit River have employed technical staff
or have engaged consultants to conduct investigations.
WITH REGARD TO
PESTICIDE MONITORING
A Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (now Federal Water
Quality Administration) grant for $40,000 was awarded to the Water Resources
Commission on October 1, 1969 for pesticide monitoring of the Michigan portion
of the Great Lakes basin. Staff has been hired and the laboratory enlarged
and improved to implement this program.
In the Lake Erie-Detroit River basin, monthly water and sediment samples will
be collected at four locations, biological monitoring with clams will be
conducted approximately four times annually at these locations and water samnles
will be collected annually from two water intakes.
REGARDING
DUCK MORTALITY STUDIES
Continued interest in preventing waterfowl mortalities in the Detroit River
area dictated the continuation of studies initiated in the winter of 1967-68.
Random samples of ducks were again collected in two general areas on the
Detroit River during the winter months of 1968-69.
Autopsies were performed and feathers were analyzed for the presence of
foreign oil accumulations. It is hoped that this program wil'I provide
further insight to the wintering problems of these waterfowl and give further
direction in preventing winter mortalities in this area.
REGARDING
CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM WATERCRAFT
As previously reported, the Michigan Water Resources Commission in
January 1968 adopted rules and regulations to control pollution from marine
toilets on watercraft. The rules do not allow the macerator-chlorinator and
do authorize the use of holding tanks or incinerators. The rules became
effective January 1, 1970. Private marina operators are installing pump-out
stations and treatment facilities where needed and the Michigan Waterways
Commission has accelerated its program to provide similar facilities at
state harbors of refuge on the Great Lakes.
IN THE MATTER OF
MANDATORY CERTIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS
Act 209, Public Acts of 1968, requires that all industrial or commercial
establishments discharging liquid wastes into the waters of the state shall
have waste treatment facilities under the specific supervision of persons who
have been certified by the Water Resources Commission as properly qualified to
operate the facilities. It further requires that monthly operating reports
shall be filed with the Commission showing the effectiveness of the treatment
-------
337
facility operation and the quantity of the wastes discharged. The Commission
has set January 1, 1971 as the date the Act becomes effective. The first
examination of operators will be held on September 9, 1970. The rules
of certification are contained in Appendix J.
-------
338
APPENDIX A
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL PERFORMANCE
STATUS
-------
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE INDUSTRY STIPULATION
DATES FOR COMPLIANCE
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
339
Industry
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stipulation No.
Date
Adopted
or
Retain
Initiate
Submit Detailed
Preliminary PIans Submit
Engine- and Detailed
enng Specif- Speci f-
Revised Engineers Report ications ications
Arrange Initiate Complete
Finan- Const- Const-
cing ruction ruction
Allied jhemical Corporation
Semet Solvay Division, Stip- 00006 4-5-66
Detroit
Solvay Process Division, Stip. 00024 5-13-66
Detroit
4-1-66
11-1-66
4-1-67 Facilities in operation.
Performance has been variable,
Improved operational
procedures being undertaken
by the Company. Under revaluation
4-1-68 The company has ceased
operations at this location.
American Cement Corporation
Peerless Cement Stip. 00016
Division, Detroit
Jefferson St. Plant
Peerless Cement Stip. 11)i^
Division, Detroit
Brennan St. Plant
5-5-66
5-1-66
5-1-67 In compliance.
2-1-71 Additional treatment
facilities under construction.
Consolidated Packaging Corporation
North Side Plant, Stip, 00033
Monroe
South Side Plant,
Monroe
Stip. 00012
5-23-66
1-3-67
1-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
1-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
1-1-69 The Company has entered into
12-1-70 a contract for secondary
6-1-71 treatment of wastes in the
Monroe municipal metro-
politan treatment plant.
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as for
the city of Monroe. See
comments under City of Monroe.
1-1-69 The Company has entered into
12-1-70 a contract for secondary
6-1-71 treatment of wastes in the
Monroe municipal metro-
politan treatment plant.
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as for
the City of Monroe. See
comments under City of Monroe.
Darling and Company,
Melvindale
Stip. 00044
5-13-66
3-26-68
11-1-66
11-1-67 Compliance is being
9-1-69 obtained through the use
of an interim aerated lagoon.
E. I. duPont deNemours
and Company V'ltnc !
Industrial and Bio-
chemical Division,
Ecorse
Stip. 00019
4-1-67
The company has ceased
operation at this location.
FTi res tone Tire and Rubber
Company
Firestone Steel Stip 00020
Products, Division,
Riverview
11-1-66
The company has entered into
a contract to have spent pickle
liquor removed from the plant
and no longer discharges this
material to the Detroit River.
In compliance.
u
-------
Industry
Ford Motor Company
Monroe Plant
Rouge Plant
other than iron
and suspended
solids
i ron
(in pickling acid)
suspended solids
(including iron
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stipulation No.
Stip. 00005
Stip. 00030
Date
Adopted
or
Revised
3-28-66
5-17-66
Submit
Preliminary
Engine-
Retain ering
Engineers Report
Initiate
Detailed
Plans
and
Specif-
ications
Submit
Detailed
Specif-
ications
12-1-66
Arrange Initiate Complete
Finan- Const- Const-
cing ruction ruction
+24 months
2-15-69
340
Remerks
In compliance.
f. 0. 1369
5-20-70
7-15-70
10-1-66
3-1-67
3-1-67
11-15-70
+17 months In compliance to a certain
1-1-69 degree (see phenol ref-
erence below).
+24 months Conversion to hydrochloric
4-27-69 acid steel pickling lines
with all spent liquor
returned to the supplier
has eliminated most
dissolved iron discharges
from this plant.
1-15-71 11-15-71
National Steel Corporation.
Great Lakes Steel Division'
Steel Rolling Mill, Stip. 00023
Ecorse
other than acid and
iron
other than acid
and iron, No. 3
slabbing mil 1
acid and iron
5-17-66
12-10-69
12-10-69
9-17-69
4-1-67
11-1-66
10-1-67
12-1-67
+27 months Surveillance data of 1969
6-1-69 identified two waste outlets
discharging suspended solids
(including iron solids) and
phenol in excess of
Stipulation limits. Comm-
ission declared Company in
default of Stipulation and
adopted a Final Order of
Determination on May 20,
1970, requiring full
compliance by November 15, 1971.
4-1-68
11-30-71
10-1-68
11-30-71
4-1-69
1-1-70
In partial compliance.
Corrections underway to
eliminate discharge of
soluble oils.
I" compliance.
80" Hot Strip Mill, Stip. 00008
River Rouge
4-5-66
11-1-66
As of April 2, 1970 the
Company ceased its
discharges of waste
pickling acid to the Detroit
River It is now sent
to the City of Detroit
for use in its phosphorus
removal program. In
comol lance.
4-1-68 In compliance.
Blast Furnace,
River Rouge
HcLouth Steel
Corporation, Trenton
Stip. 00028
Stip. 00018
5-13-66
4-5-66
9-1-70
11-1-66
5-1-71
4-1-68 In partial compliance.
5-1-72 Additional facilities under
construction to reduce
excessive solids.
4-1-68 In compliance. Cyanide
discharges, not covered
by the Stipulation, are
under investigation.
Mobil Oil Company, Stip. 00017 4-5-66
Trenton
Monsanto Company
Trenton Plant Stip. 00025 5-13-66
Trenton Resin Plant Stip. 00011 3-30-66
Pennwalt Chemicals
Corporation
East Plant, Myandotte Stip. 00014 4-5-66
West Plant, Riverview Stip. 00013 4-5-66
11-1-67
11-1-66
9-1-67
4-1-67
12-1-67
11-1-66
11-1-66
11-1-67
11-1-69
4-1-68
9-1-68
11-1-68
4-1-68
4-1-68
In compliance. Phenols,
not covered by the
Stipulation, are under
investigation.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In cp"inliance.
Revere Copper and B^ass
Inc.. OetroTt
Scott Paper Company
for BOD
Stip. 00029
Stip. 00036
5-13-66
11-4-66
1-1-69
1-1-67 In compliance
1-1-70 Plant has ceased its
pulping operation and
connected its paper mill
waste discharge to the
Detroit sewerage system.
In compliance.
for solids
4-24-68
5-1-67
5-1-68
8-10-68
In compliance for reasons
listed above.
12
-------
341
Industry
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stipulation No.
Date
Adopted
or
Revised
Submi t
Initiate
Detailed
Preliminary Plans
Retain
Engi neers
Engine-
ering
Report
and
Specif-
ications
Submit
Detailed
Soecif-
ications
Arrange
Fi nan-
cing
Ini tiate
Const-
ruct; on
Comol ete
Const-
ruction
Time Container Corporation
Monroe Paper Products Stip 00010
Division
3-29-66
1-1-67
1-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
Union Bag Camp
Corporation, Monroe
Stip 00022
5-5-66
Wyandotte Chemicals
Corporation
North Works, Wyandotte Stip. 00027
5-17-66
1-1-69
12-1-70
6-1-71
1-1-69
12-1-70
6-1-71
Remarks
The Company has entered into
a contract for secondary
treatment of wastes in the
Monroe municipal metro-
politan treatment plant.
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as
for the City of Monroe.
See comments under City of
Monroe
The Company has entered into
a contract for secondary
treatment of wastes in
the Monroe municipal
metropolitan treatment plant
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as for
the City of Monroe. See
comments under City of
Monroe.
!n compliance.
South Works, Wyandotte Stip. 00026
5-17-66
4-1-61' In compliance. Discharges
1-1-69 of mercury discovered in
'larch 1970 were halted
by a court order
nbtained April 16, 1970
permanently enjoining
mercury discharges
13
-------
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT
STIPULATION DATES FOR COMPLIANCE
MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES
342
Btrlin Township,
Monroe County
Frencntown Township,
Monroe County
Monroe Township,
Monroe County
Grosse He Township,
Wayne County
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stimulation No.
stip. 00032
F. 0. 1192
Stip. 00021
F. 0. 1341
Stip. 00004
Stip. 00009
Date
.Adopted
5-23-66
7-26-68
7-17-69
1-15-70
3-5-66
8-13-68
Initiate
Submit Detailed
Preliminary Plans
Engine- and
Submit
Detailed
5-1-67
8-15-68
Specif- Specif-
ications _i cations
5-1-68
8-15-69
4-1-70
5-1-68
11-1-68
Arrange Initiate Complete
Finan- Const- Const-
cing ruction ruction
Remarks
5-1-69 Declared in default of Stipulation
12-31-70 and Final Order. Consent Judgement
1-1-72 by courts established new dates.
5-1-69 Declared in default of Stipulation.
7-1-71 Final Order adopted incorporating
the remaining dates of the
Stipulation. Contractual arrange-
ments with Monroe not yet
completed.
5-1-69 Contracts signed to join Monroe
5-1-70 sewerage system. City's
treatment plant under construction.
11-1-70 Plans approved. Construction of
secondary facilities has not begun.
Sewer construction halted by
citizen's suit injunction.
Wayne County
"renton Plant
Wyandotte Plant
City of Detroit
Stip. 00034
Stip. 00031
Village of Estral Beach
City of Luna Pier
City of Monroe
Stip. 00003
Stip. 00002
Stip. 00007
F. 0. 1314
3-29-66
5-15-68
10-20-69
4-1-67
Ml-1-71
5-1-67
5-1-67
5-1-67
City of Riverview
City of Trenton
Stip. 00015
Stip. 00035
11-1-68
11-1-68
Chemical treatment being added for
improved solids removal and nutrient
1-1-70 reduction. Compliance indicated.
11-1-70 Chemical treatment being added for
'19-1-7? improved solids removal and nutrient
reduction. Substantial compliance
anticipated. Revised Stipulation
providing for secondary treatment
has been developed, with completion
scheduled for October 1, 1972.*
11-1-68 11-1-70 A Stipulation entered into with
the Water Resources Comrnssion by
the City of Detroit on May 19, 1966, limits waste constituents to not more than:
a ) 206,000 Ibs/day of 5-day BOD, F.) 50 fng/1 nor more than 324,000 Ibs/day of
suspended solids, c ) 93 Ibs/day of phenol, d.) 15 rog/1 of oil, e.} 1000 MPN
fecal coliform per 100 ml , f.) 20% of the soluble phosphate nor more than 21,000
Ibs/day The Stipulation called for completion of treatment facilities to
chedule.
5-1-69
Abatement program complete
In compllance
5-1-69 Construction complete
May 1970. In compliance
5-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
5-1-69
12-1-70
6-1-71
Compliance dates were originally
modified due to the expanded scope of
the project when contractual agreements
were reached with three paper
companies and an adjoining township
for joint waste treatment in the City's
plant. Contractual arrangements are
underway to provide similar service
for a second township The City was
declared in default of Stipulation and
a Final Order was adopted. Facilities
are under construction.
Construction plans approved but
construction has not started. Official
Plan not acceptable to Water Resources
Commission because it does not comply
with regional concept.
11-1-70 Construction of facilities underway
and almost complete.
-------
343
APPENDIX B
MICHIGAN'S INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
DISCHARGE INVENTORY
-------
344
DIRECT INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
TO LAKE ERIE
Company Name
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment^
Suspended
Flow 5-day BOP Solids
MGD lbs'/day_ Tbs/day
1969*
Pollution Date of
Status Order of
Rating Determination
Affect**
Lake Erie
rtater
Remarks QuaiJi ty
Consumers Power Co. Electricity Erie
J R. Whiting Plant
Ash lagoons
- - - No Data Available - - -
Pollution Status Ratings are as of January 1, 1970 and reflect 1969 performances
Key to Control Status
A - Control Adequate
B - Control provided - adequacy not fully established
C - No control - need not established
D - Control provided - protection unreliable
E - Control inadequate
c - construction underway
p - plans being prepared
s - studies underway
* - denotes Commission Order or Stipulation restricting waste discharges
' Affec
:ts listed for both municipal and industrial discharges refer to nutrients only
17
-------
IDUSTRIAL SURFACE WATER DISCHARGES
IN THE
MICHIGAN PORTION
OF THE
LAKE E P I E BASIN
"AY 1970
345
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment 1969*
Company Name
Detroit River
Allied Chemical
Corporation,
Semet Solvay
Division
Anaconda
American
Brass Company
Chrysler Corp.
Amplex Division
Chrysler Corp.
Chem. Products
Division
Chrysler Corp.
Engine Plant
Dana Corp.
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Firestone Steel
Products Co.
Great Lakes
Steel Corp,
Ecorse Rolling
Mill
Product
Foundry
coke and
coke
products
Copper
and
Brass
Products
Pressed
metal
gears
and
parts
Adhesi ves,
brake
linings and
automotive
chemicals
Automobi le
Engines
Auto and
truck
frames and
other
steel
structures
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Automotive
wheels and
parts
Steol
Great Lakes Sheet
Steel Corp. steel
80"Hot Strip Mill
Great Lakes
Steel Corp.
Blast Furnace Di
McLouth Steel
Corp.
McLouth Steel
Corp.
Mobil Oil Co.
Steel
Steel
Steel
Petroleum
Receiving
Location Stream
Detroit
Detroit
Trenton —
Trenton via
Monquagon
Drain
Trenton via
Elizabeth
Park
Canal
Ecorse —
Conners —
Creek
Delray
Plant
River —
Rouge
Trenton —
Wyandotte —
Pennwalt —
Plant
Riverview —
Ecorse
River Rouge —
River Rouge
Trenton
Gibraltar via Frank
and Poet
Drain
Woodhaven —
Suspended Pollution
Treatment Flow 5-day BOD Solids Status I
Provided MGD Ibs/day Ibs/day Rating (
Deep well 5.9
operational
difficulties
Neutral- 0.96
i zation
and
settling
Settling 0 155
pond and
oil sk immer
Holding 0.845
pond
Air 1.14
floatation ,
oil skimmer,
chemi cal
coagulation
None 0.58
Ash 299.5
laqoons
Ash 273.6
lagoons
Ash 691.2
lagoons
Ash 1,468
laqoons
Ash No
lagoons
None - - - No
Oil 2,168
Separator,
ponds
Oil skimmers 69.2
and settling
basins
Oil 72.2
skimmers and
settling basins
Clarifiers, 87
dephenolizer
Chemical 65.7
coagulation,
settling ,
neutralization,
oil separators
Oi 1 skimmers , I .64
lagoons,
neutral ization
Oil 1.1
separator^
settl ing
oonds
7,27& Phenol-E
Oil-E
B
5 10 A
62.5 7.7 ED
447 152 Osp
588 B
B
B
B
3
Data Available - - - Ec
Data Available - - - B
4,620 A
19,154 Oil-Es
Sollds-A
Acid and
Iron-Ec
19,300 Oil-E
Solids-A
64,170 Oll-D
Solids-Ep
Phenols-A
15,152 A
218 Dp
112 Oil-Be
Phenol-E
Date of
Order of
Jeterminatior
)r Stipulatic
4/5/66
7/26/68
6/25/69
2/23/66
7/26/50
1/21/65
4/5/66
5/17/66
7/24/68
12/10/69
4/5/66
5/13/66
4/5/66
8/29/63
4/5/66
Affect**
Lake Erie
i Water
>n Remarks Quality
Facilities provided,
improved operation
reguired.
Discharge to
Detroit Storm
Sewer.
Will connect to
Trenton sewerage
system.
Holding ponds under
construction. Wastes
wil 1 be periodical ly
hauled away.
Toxic wastes
hauled from plant.
Primarily cooling
water.
Primari ly cool i ng
wa te r .
Primarily cooling
water
Primarily cooling
water.
Construction of
settling basins
completed March, 1970.
In compliance.
Waste pickle liquor
hauled from plant.
In compliance.
Partial ly in comp-
1 lance. Corrections
underway to remove
soluble oil waste.
Oil losses corrected.
Now in compl lance.
Additional treatment
facilities under
construction.
In comol iance
Plans approved for
additional treat-
ment facilities.
Program being
developed to reduce
phenol losses.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
18
-------
346
jany Name
Monsanto Co.
Plastic Products
and Resins Div
Monsanto Co.
Inorganic Chem.
iJl V
Park Davis and
Co.
Pennwalt Chem.
Corp. Industrial
Div (East Plant)
Pennwal t Chem.
Corp. Organic
Chemicals Div
{West Plant)
Revere Copper
and Brass, Inc.
U.S. Rubber Co.
Wyandotte Chem-
icals Corp.
North Works
Wyandotte Chem-
icals Corp.
South Works
Rouge River Sasin
Guardian
Al lied Chemical
Corp. Plastics
Division
Al 1 led Chemical
Corp, Industrial
Chemicals Div.
Detroit Chemical
Works
American Cement
Corp. , Peerless
Div. , Jefferson
Street Plant
American Cement
Corp , Peerless
Div. , Brennan
Street Plant
Associated
Springs Corp
BGR Div.
BUr'roucjns Corp.
Cam Chem Co.
Darling and Co.
Enamelum Corp.
and Interlake
Windows
Evans Products
Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Rouge Plant
Ford Motor Co.
Engine and
Foundries Div . ,
Valve Plant
Product
Chemicals
Chemicals
Pharmaceu-
ticals
Chemicals
Chemicals
Metal parts
Rubber and
Chemicals
Chemicals
Chemicals
Photo
Coal tars
and oils
Chemicals.
Cement
Cement
Various
types of
spring
Business
Machines
Petroleum
Products
Rendering
Products
Aluminum
Products
Location
Trenton
Trenton
Detroit
Wyandotte
Riverview
Detroit
Detroit
Wyandotte
Wyandotte
Novi
Detroit
Oetroi t
Detroit
Detroit
Plymouth
Plymouth
Wayne
Melvindale
Novi
Railroad Plymouth
cars and
various metal
products
Steel,
castings ,
glass and
automotive
assembly.
Automotive
parts
Dearborn
Northville
Receiving
Stream
---
---
via
Monguagon
Creek
—
Middle
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Old Channel
Rouge River
Rouge
Ri ver
Middle
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Crouton
Drai n
Rouge
River
Wall Lake
Creek
Middle
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment
Suspended"
Treatment flow 5-day BOD Solids
Provided MGD Ibs/day Ibs/day
Neutral- 0 t 3,590 55
ization,
activated
sludge.
Phosphorous 9.52
removal ,
lagoons
None 8 1
Solids 60 19,010
removal
Lagoons, 6,8 284
oil
skimmers
Oil separators, 2 9 1 ,088
incinerator
Oil 42 12,480
skimmers
Settling 56 141,000
ponds, oil
separater
Settling 15 8 12,460
ponds, oil
skimmers
Aeration and 0 04
lagoons
Depheno 1 1 zer , 0 48
settling basins ,
oil skimmers
Ponds 9.11 4,990
Settling 8 1 4,970
tank
None - - - No Data Available -
None 0 174 60 150
Oil 0.304 81 1 543
sump
Ponds - - - No Data Available -
Aerated 1.13 640 282
lagoons
Lagoons and 0 08 0.0 14
chemical
treatment
Oil 0.213 28.4 33 7
skimmer
Oil skim- 362 311,700
mers, deep
well disposal
and clarifier
None 0.05
1969* Date of Affect**
Pollution Order of Lake Erie
Status Determination Water
Rating or Stipulation Remarks Quality
Ds 3/30/66
6 5/13/56
A
8 4/5/66
B 4/5/66
D 5/13/56
A
A 5/17/66
D 5/17/66
B 4/24/61
Bs
D
B 4/5/66
- - Ep 2/18/70
C
A
- - B 10/29/68
Solids & 5/13/66
Grease-A 3/26/68
Oxygen-A
ED
A 9/8/67
Acid-B 5/17/66
Oil-Ec 5/21/70
Cyanide -A
Solids-Es
Phenol s-Es
A
Now in compl lance
Greater than 80%
phosphorous removal
bei ng achi eved by
the company In
compliance.
Process Wastes
to Detroi*- S T D
Cooli ng water only
In compliance
In compl lance
Now in compliance.
In compliance.
Now in compliance
Treatment facilities
completed
Corrections underway
to improve deep well
disposal of waste.
In compl iance
Treatment facilities
under construction.
are discharged to
murnci pal system
Additional treatment
completed. In
compliance.
In cornel lunce
Treatment facil ities
olanned.
Majority of wastes ave
discharged to municipal
Svstem. In compliance.
New 01 1 separation
facilities in operation.
Program in effect to
provide additional
treatment.
Cooling water only,
industrial wastes are
discharged to municipal
Systems .
No
No
No
No
No
No
Nn
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
-------
347
After Treatment
Company Name
Ford Motor Co.
Auto Assembly
Div.
Federal Mogul
Corp. Haller
Div.
General Filters
Inc.
General Motors
Corp. Detroit
Diesel Engine
Div.
General Motors
Corp. Chevrolet
Motor
Product
Automotive
Assembly
Gears,
Bearings and
other metal
products
Filters
Automotive
parts
Automotive
parts
General Motors Service
Corp. Parts
Distribution Center
Great Lakes Steel Steel
Corp. Blast Furnace
Div. Zug Island
Michigan Seamless
Tube Co . ,
Standard Tube
Div.
Scott Paper
Co.
Townsend Steel
Products
Trilex Corp.
United Green-
field Corp.
Whitman and
Barnes Div.
Huron River Basin
Belleville Plat-
ing Company
Chrysler Corp.
Intro! Div.
D.T. 8 I.
Railroad Yards
Federal Screw
Works
Ford Motor Co.
Automotive
Assembly Div.
Ford Motor Co
General Parts
Div.
General Motors
Corp. Fisher
Body Div.
Hoover Ball 8
Bearing Co.
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co.
Chemical
Products Div.
Huron Valley
Steel Corp.
Longworth
Plating Co.
Michigan
Seamless Tube
Co.
Metal
tubes
Paper
Metal
parts
Plated
metal
parts
Rotary
tools
Plated
metal
parts
Automotive
parts
Railroad
Terminal
Steel
products
Automotive
assembly
Automotive
parts
Automotive
parts
Metal
Bearings
Chemicals
Pig Iron
Plated
metal
parts
Metal
tubing
Location
Wayne
Northville
Novi
Detroit
Livonia
Wayne
River
Rouge
Redford Twp.
Wayne Co.
Detroit
Plymouth
Canton Twp.
Wayne Co .
via Dra i n
Plymouth
Belleville
Scio
Flat Rock
Chelsea
Wixom
Ypsilanti
Willow
Run
Pittsfield
Twp.
Washtenaw Co
Whi tmore
Lake
Belleville
Chelsea
South Lyon
Receiving
Stream
Lower
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Lower
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Livonia
Drain
Rouge
River
Kiddle
Rouge
River
Lower
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Smith
Creek
Letts
Creek
Norton
Drain
Huron
River
Willow
Creek
Wood Outlet
Drain
Horseshoe
Lake Outlet
Drain
Huron
River
Letts
Creek
Huron
River
via drain
1969*
luspenaea nonution
Treatment Flow 5-day BOD Solids Status D
Provided MSD Ibs/day Ibs/day Rating o
Settling 0.465
pond for
paint wastes
oil 0.0875
collection
Small 5 (gpm)
earthen
settling pond
Oil separ- - - -
a tors and
settling
tanks
Imhoff tank - - -
and trickling
filter
Clarifiers - - -
and dephenolizer
Oil 0.745
skimmers
and lagoon
Screens, - - -
save-al Is
None - - -
Chemical 0.28
reclamation
units, oil
skimmer and
ponds
No
No
No
No
47
3.6 14.
48
Data
Data
Data
Data
(mg/1) 137
Available
Available
Available
Avai Table
24.9 149
No
No
None 15. (gpm)
Chemical 0.02
treatment and
settling pond
Chemical
treatment,
settling pond,
trickling filter
Oil
Separators
Leach Pits - - -
Chemical 1.411
treatment ,
settling pond,
trickling filter
Primary 0.640
settling and
secondary lagoon
Trickling 0.007
filter
None 0.108
Settling 1.1
ponds
Chemical 0.0104
treatment,
settling tanks
Settling 1.2
tanks
No
No
Data
Data
0
5
1.5
Data
Data
795.89
No Data
800
162
Aval lable
Ava liable
35
(mg/1) 11
1.2
Available
Avai lable
229.13
Available
128
2
966
E
6 A
(mg/1) s'
A
B
A
Oil-E
Solids-Ep
Phenol -A
B
- - - A
E
EC
(mq/1) A
A
Ind.-A
San.-B
- - Ind.-Ep
San.-E
E
Ind.-Ec
San.-E
BSC
Toxic &
Solid-Be
BOO-Bc
Oll-B
San. -A
A
B
E
B
Date of
Order of
etermi nation
r Stipulation
5/13/66
11/4/66
4/24/68
11/30/67
5/28/58
9/29/55
10/31/63
5/23/63
2/28/57
7/24/58
6/27/62
2/18/65
6/13/68
Affect**
Lake Erie
Water
Remarks Quality
Problem under
revaluation.
Further treatment
facilities planned
Cooling water only,
industrial wastes
discharged to municipal
system
Sanitary wastes only
Additional treatment
facilities under
construction.
In compl iance.
Corrective program
underway.
Building additional
facilities. Plan
connection to city
sewerage system.
Coolinq water only
In compliance.
In compliance.
Plan to connect to
city sewerage system.
Under revaluation
Aeration Lagoon
to be completed by
June 1, 1970.
Final discharge to
Ypsilanti S.T.P.
Final discharge to
Wayne County interceptor
In compliance.
In compliance.
No longer discharges
Under evaluation.
Additional treatment
facilities constructed
and operating.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
20
-------
348
Company Name
Moynahan Stearns
Subsidiary of
Federal
Engi neenng
Ottawa Silica
Co. Michigan
">ilica Div
Rockwell Standard
Corp. Spri ng Div
Universi ty
Microfilms
Swan Creek. Basin
Detroit Edison
Co. Enrico Fermi
Plant
Product
Aluminum
Door and
wi ndow
frames
Si 1 ica
Steel
springs
Photo
develnoing
Elec-
tricity
Location
Flat Rock
Rockwood
Chelsea
Ann Arbor
Frenchtown
Twp
Monroe Co
Receiving
Stream
Huron
River
Huron
River
Letts
Creek
Honey
Creek
Swan
Creek
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment 1969* I
Suspended Pollution C
Treatment Flow 5-day BOD Solids Status Del
Provided MGD Ibs/day Ibs/day Rating or
Acid 0 078 E
neutralization
Settling 5 70 15,710 B
ponds
Oil - - - No Data Available - - - c
col lection
Aeration 0 328 125 36 A
tanks
Trickling 194 4 San ~A
f i Her and
lagoon
)ate of
)rder of
:errmnation
Stipulation
1C/30/67
3/26/64
12/6/56
Affect**
Lake Erie
Hater
Remarks Quail ty
Under revaluation.
Cool i nq water only
In compl lance
In compliance.
No
No
No
No
No
River Raisin Basin
Buckeye
Products
Consol idated
Packaging Corp.
North Side Plant
Consolidated
Packaging Corp
South Side Plant
Cul ligan Soft
Dundee Cement
Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Metal Stamping
Oiv.
Gray-Faraday
Home Canning Co.
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co.
Manchester Oiv
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co.
Universal Die
Casting Div
Simplex Paper
Co.
Stauffer Chem
Co
Stauffer Chem.
Co
Tecumseh Pro-
ducts Co.
Peerless Gear &
Machinery Div.
fecumseh Prod-
ucts Co
Time Container
Corp Monroe Div
Union Camp
Corp
Plated
parts
Paper
Paper
Water
service
Cement
Au totno 1 1 v e
parts
Plated
parts
Canned
tomatoes
and other
vegetables
Plated
metal
parts
Castings
and plated
metal parts
Paper
Organic
compounds
0 rg a n i c
compounds
Machine
parts
Refrig-
eration
units
Paper
Paper
Adrian
Monroe
Monroe
Adrian
Dundee
Monroe
Adrian
Blissfield
Manches ter
Sal i ne
Palmyra
Weston
Clinton
Tecumseh.
Monroe
Monroe
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
S Branch
River
Raisin
Macon
Creek
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
Saline
River
Raisin
Raisin
Black
Creek
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisi n
River
Raisin
Chemical 0.0073 51 4 E
treatment
Clarifiers, 7 5 18,083 7,417 Solids-E
screens BOD-E
Clarifiers, 7 0 3,780 16,627 Solids-E
screens BOD-L
None 0 026 0 66 13
Chemical 3 93 32R 2,400 B
treatment and
settl ing ponds
Chemical 124 Plating-A
treatment and San -B
settl i ng oonds Oi 1 -L
Chemical 0 03 0 8 14 D
treatmen^
Laqoon Q 150 B
Chemical 0 220 R4 1 an D
treatment and
settling oonds
Chemical 0 460 79 B 202 5 I
settling ponds
Save-all 0.348 807 5,206 Ind.-B
San -A
settling ponds ,
activated sludge
Aeration, 0 229 345 164 Bc
settl i nq ponds ,
trickl i ng f i 1 ter
Smal 1 0 05 B
settl ing ponds
Oil 0 55 470 1 ,475 Dp
separation and
acid neutralization
Clarifiers 2 5 110 HI Solids-E
BOD-E
Clanfiers 4 5 8,916 4,512 Solids-E
BOD-E
1/27/54
5/23/66
5/23/66
11/30/61
9/23/58
2/28/66
7/26/62
5/16/6T
7/24/66
2/36/64
6/27/62
5/16/69
3/25/66
4/15/65 &
5/23/66
Comoan> ceased
ooeration at this
location
Company will connect
to Monroe sewerage
system
Company will connect
to '-Ion roe sewerage
syste-r
In compliance
Under evaluation.
Jnder revaluation
underway
Addi tional treatment
facilities under
construction
I n compl i ance.
In compl lance.
In compliance
in compl iance
Plan to connect to
city sewerage system.
Plans to join City of
Monroe sewerage system
Plans to join City of
Monroe sewerage system
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Maumee River Basin
Hudson Plating
Co.
M & S.
Manufacturing Co.
Plated
metal
parts
Metal
parts
Hudson
Hudson
Bean
Creek
Bean
Creek
Chemical 0 057 1,474 E
treatment,
settling
Septic No Data Available - - - E
tank and
field
10/28/55
4/26/57
Court action Bending
Plan to connect to
Hudson sewerage system
No
Ho
21
-------
MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGE INVENTORY
IN THE MI CH IGAN PORTION
OF THE LAKE ERIE BASIN
MAY 1970
349
COBtnunity
Dttrolt River
Detroit
Grosse lie
Township
R1verv1ew
Trenton
Wayne County
Trenton
Wayne County
Wyandotte
Receiving
Waters
Detroit
River
Detroit
River
Detroi t
River
Detroit
River
Detroit
River
Detroi t
River
Treatment
Provided
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Population
(1964 est.
1 ,620 ,000
6,318
8,000
22,000
44,000
Discharge Characteristics Affect
Suspended Lake
5-day BOD Solids Erie Improvement
Flow Effluent Effluent Water Needs
) MGD mg/1 mg/1 Status and Abatement Action Quality N.R. I.T.
J
720.3 40 90 Stipulation signed May 19, 1966. Yes X X
Phosphate removal in oper-
ation. Advanced Treatment
behind schedule.
1.28 53 40 Stipulation signed March 29, Yes X X
1966.
1.68 150 73 Stipulation signed April 5, Yes X X
1966. Plan not accepted
because it does not comply
with regional concept.
3.09 95 92 Stipulation signed June 7, Yes X X
1966.
1.5 61 44 Wayne County Stipulation Yes X X
signed May 27, 1966.
47.09 85 60 A revised stipulation has Yes X X
been developed providing
for secondary treatment by
October 1, 1972
Compliance Schedule
Plans Start
Approved Constr. Completed
11-1-68 — 11-1-70
11-1-68 — - 11-1-70
11-1-68 — 11-1-70
11-1-69 — 11-1-70
11-1-68 — 11-1-70
11-1-71 --- 10-1-72
River Rouse Basin
Nit
• - - - -no
pa aste me ges er ouge
Huron River Basin
Ann Arbor
Brighton
I
Chelsea
Dexter
Huron-Clinton
Metropolitan
Authority
Mllford
Northfield
Township
Scio-Webster
Autho-ity
South Lyon
"tockbridge
Waterford
Twp. PJ. 11
Waterford
Twp. PI. 12
Huron
River
Huron
River
Mill
Creek
Huron
River
Kent
Lake
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Activated
Sludge
Trickling
Filter
Activated
Sludge
Primary
Sand
Filter
Activated
Sludge
Trickl ing
Filter
Trickling
Filter
Activated
Sludge
Seepage
Lagoons
Trickling
Filter
Trickling
Filter
74,000
2,282
3,600
1,702
5,000
4,900
3,279
1,753
1,097
14.2 44 100 City has agreed to provide Yes X X
phosphate removal by June I,
1970, however, lack of funding
will probably prevent completion
by agreed upon date.
0.63 24 18 City has agreed to accelerate Yes X
its program of phosphate removal.
Completion date, June 1, 1970.
0.34 14 11 A voluntary reduction of phos- Yes X
phorus compounds in the dis-
charge is being sought by
Water Resources Commission
0.13 213 171 Final Order of Determination No X X
adopted on October 20, 1969.
- - No Data Available - Effluent discharges to surface Yes X
waters will be eliminated prior
to June 1, 1970. Ground water
will be monitored and phosphorus
removal provided if necessary.
0.61 17 29 Final Order November 1, 1950. Yes X
The Commission has asked for
phosphorus removal by
June 1, 1970
0.17 14 30 Final Order of Determination Yes X X
adopted on October 20, 1969.
0.055 45 30 No
0.32 5 11 A voluntary reduction of No
phosphorus compounds in the
discharge is being sought
by June 1, 1970
- - - No Data Available - - - No
46 114 Waterford Twp. is in the Yes X X
advanced stages of a water
pollution abatement program.
70 76 Waterford Twp. is in the Yes X X
advanced stages of a water
9-1-70 3-1-71 3-1-72
^
6-1-70 10-1-70 1-1-72
pollution abatement program.
22
-------
350
Community
Receiving Treatment Population Floi
Waters Provided (1964 est.) MGD
Wayne County
Flat Rock
Wayne County
Rockwood
Ypsilanti
Ypsilanti
Township
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
Ri ver
Primary 5 ,100
Primary 2,026
Activated 20,958
Sludge
Activated 22,800
Sludge
0.44 129
0 19 130
48 14
75 39
Swan Creek Basin
Carleton
River Raisin
Adrian
Blissfield
Clinton
Dundee
Manchester
Milan
Monroe
Swan
Creek
Basin
Ri ver
Raisin
Ri ver
Raisin
River
Rais in
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
Saline
River
River
Lagoons 1 ,379
Activated 19,800
Sludge
Primary 2,600
Primary 1 ,481
Primary 2 ,377
Trickling 1,568
Filter
Trickling 3,616
Filter
Primary 25,600
50* 11
2 34 6
0 32 b9
0.07 138
0 13 64
0.25 10
0.81 19
4 46 64
Djscharge; Characteristics
Suspended
5-day BOD Solids
Effluent Effluent
mg/1 mg/1
Affect
Lake
Erie Improvement
Water Needs
_5_ta tus and_Abatement Acjti on Q u a 11jy N^E,- ITTT
Compliance Schedule
Plans Start
Approved Constr. Com.pl e/ted
Sal me Sal me Tri ckl 1 ng 2,334
River Fil ter
Tecumseh River Activated 7,300
Raisin Sludge
Ypsilanti Saline Trickling 4,000
State Hospital River Filter
62
Yes
Final Order adopted May 26,
1967 Construction proceeded
under Court order issued Sept.
10, 1968 Secondary Treatment
facilities in operation May 13,
1970
50 Final Order adopted Yes
January 15, 1969
22 City has agreed to orovide Yes
phosphorus removal by June 1,
1970, however, recent policy
changes regarding their official
plan will probably prevent com-
pletion by the agreed upon date
62 Portions of excess flow are Yes
now diverted to Wayne Co
system Phosphorus remova1
in operation May 25, 1970
46 Expanded laqoon system to be No
completed and in full operation
on or before December 31, 1970
0 32
0.07
0 13
0.25
0.81
4 46
59
138
64
10
19
64
62
132
46
20
14
64
Final Order adopted
Septerber 25, 1951
Final Order adopted
September 25, 1951
Final Order adopted
June 27, 1951
Final Order adopted
September 25, 1951
Stipulation signed f
1966 Final Order adopted
October 20, 1969 Facilities
are under construction
1 07 34 29 Final Order adopted September
25, 1951 Plans to enlarge
and improve treatment facili-
ties have been approved
0 99 16 11 Order of Determination
August ?6, 1949
- No Data Available Vlaste treatment needs, includ-
ing phosphorus removal, are
under study
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
11-30-68 12-31-69
5-1-69 10-1-69 10-1-70
10-1-68 6-1-70
11-1-68 2-1-69 12-1-70
X 11-30-69 4-1-70 6-1-71
Maumee River Basin
NOTET~
Bean
Creek
Bean
Creek
Trickling
Filter
Lagoons
2,300
2,053
28 Preliminary plans for im-
proved treatment have been
submitted
Total Yearly Volume Discharged
N.R.--Nutrient Reduction
I.T.—New or Improved Treatment
23
-------
351
APPENDIX C
CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM - STATUS OF GRANT OFFERS
AND DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE APRIL MEETING
-------
5/70-30 a & b
352
CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
STATUS of GRANT OFFERS
&
DEVELOPMENTS SINCE APRIL MEETING
******************
I. SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS
A. Projects from June 27, 1968 Priority List
1. Since the April meeting, there has been no change in grant offers
made to projects on this list.
2. To date, offers for State Grants and Advances for these projects
total $62,477,939.00 and include 51 projects.
B. Projects eligible for additional grant funds (construction commenced
after June 30, 1967)
1. Since the April meeting, 3 offers of State grants or advances have
been made as follows:
Genesee County (Grand Blanc Township) $618,400.00
Genesee County (City of Grand Blanc) 309,880.00
Genesee County (Flint Township) 47,665.00
TOTAL $975,945.00
2. To date, offers for State Grants and Advances for these projects
total $13,625,289.00 and include 33 projects.
C. Grants for sewage treatment works, fiscal year 1970:
1. Since the April meeting, 1 offer of a State grant has been made
as follows:
Monroe County (Monroe & Monroe Township) $2,695,355.00
2. To date this is the only offer of a State grant and/or advance for
the fiscal year 1970 sewage works projects.
D. Total sewage treatment works commitments from the water pollution control
fund to date equal $78,798,583.00 and include 85 projects.
E. Grant Payments
1. Since the April meeting, grant payments have been made to the
following communities in the amounts indicated:
Eau Claire $ 30,367.00
Flushing 32,909.00
Howard City 28,202.00 .
Kalamazoo 151,272.00
Kent City 23,650.-00
Lakeview 8,621.00
Monroe County (Luna Pier) 81,354.00
Norway 92,971.00
Saranac 46,464.00
$495,810.00
2. To date, grant payments for sewage treatment works projects that
have been made from the water pollution control fund total
$5,143,839.00 and include 18 projects.
27
-------
Page 2 5/70-30 a & b 353
II. COLLECTING SEWERS
A. Grants for collecting sewers, calendar year 1969
1. Since the April meeting, there has been no change in the status of
the collecting sewers grant program.
2. To date, grant offers totalling $633,554.00 have been made for
20 projects.
III. FISCAL YEAR 1970 PROGRAM
A. Certification to the Federal Water Quality Administration has been made
for the following 30 sewage treatment works projects:
Alpha
Flushing
Port Sanilac
Laingsburg
Chassell twp.
Delta Twp.
McMillan Twp.
Escanaba
Evart
Petoskey
Bergland Twp.
Kalamazoo
Byron
Wheat!and Twp.
Elkton
New Lothrop
North field Twp.
Baraga
Holland
Buena Vista
Tuscola Co.
Detroit
Millington
Au Gres
Hastings Twp.
Saline
Twp. Stannard Twp.
(Reese) Macomb Co. (Washington Twp.)
Macomb Co. (Lenox Twp.)
Macomb Co. (Shelby Twp.)
The remaining projects on the fiscal year 1970 sewage treatment works
list approved by the State Legislature have all been reviewed for
deficiencies in their application and supporting documents and the
applicants have been advised accordingly.
28
-------
354
APPENDIX D
1969 RADIOACTIVITY SAMPLES
LAKE ERIE BASIN
-------
355
1969 RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS
LAKE ERIE BASIN
Sampling Location Date Microcuries/ml. x 10 Probable Count Error
River Rouge, 1/24 <4
Zug Island 3/16 <4
4/9 <4
8/21 <4
11/17 <4
Huron River, 1/24 8 6
U.S. 24 Bridge, 3/16 4 10
Flat Rock 4/9 <4
8/21 6 9
12/12 6 10
Huron River, 1/24 6 6
Rockwood at 3/16 6 9
Jefferson Bridge 4/9 <4
8/21 <4
11/17 4 9
Huron River, 3/16 12 9
U.S. 112 Bridge, 4/9 4 6
Ypsilanti 8/21 4 9
Swan Creek, 1/24 8 6
Dixie Hwy. Bridge, 3/16 8 10
Estral Beach 4/9 <4
8/21 6 9
12/12 6 10
Monroe, 1/24 t 6
Water Works 3/16 6 9
4/9 <4
8/21 8 9
River Raisin at 1/24 <4
Dundee Cement Co. 4/9 4 6
8/21 10 10
11/17 10 10
River Raisin, 1/24 6 9
M-50 Bridge, 3/16 4 10
Dundee 4/9 4 6
8/21 8 9
12/22 6 10
31
-------
356
APPENDIX E
1969 WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE
-------
357
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-------
358
APPENDIX F
1969 DOMESTIC WATER INTAKE SAMPLES
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE
-------
359
g
Q
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o i o o o o
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•i-i— 3 r— 3 r- 3
_o ro "o ro o ro o
S- J* C +J O O O
n t— o o — 01- —
U. (— eC o 1— U-
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CD
-a
-------
360
APPENDIX G
1969 BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA ALONG MICHIGAN'S
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE COASTLINE
-------
361
SUMMARY OF 1969 TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORM DATA
MICHIGAN'S LAKE ERIE-DETROIT RIVER COASTLINE
Sampling
Locations
Erie Road
Camp Lady of
the Lake
Luna Pier
Toledo Beach
S. Otter Creek
Beach
N. Otter Creek
Beach
Bolles Harbor
Sterling State
Park
Detroit Beach
Willow Beach
Grand Beach
New Beach
Assoc.
Indian Trails
Beach
Bay Crest Beach
Brest Bay
Dewey Beach
Stoney Beach
Pte. Aux Peaux
Estral Beach
Milleville Beach
Maple Beach
Belle Isle
Total Coliform (counts/100 ml.)
No. of
Samples
6
6
18
12
12
12
12
60
24
12
6
24
6
6
6
6
6
6
18
6
6
24
Max.
11,000
6,700
6,500
4,200
5,400
4,800
4.800
14,000
200,000
40,000
56,000
30,000
36,000
16,000
80,000
13,400
13,000
9,000
22,000
55,000
21,000
28,000
M1n.
300
1,000
400
100
<100
CIOO
<100
100
500
1,300
500
600
1,300
900
700
100
1,600
800
100
4,000
3,000
<100
Geom
Mean
2,337
2,589
1,817*
894*
1,177*
1,184*
750*
1 ,449*
3,490*
4,382*
3,889
4,078*
3,774
3,851
3,440
1,989
3,085
2,924
3,266*
9,050
7,661
2,951*
Fecal Coliform (counts/100 ml.)
No. of
Samples
6
6
18
12
12
12
12
60
24
12
6
24
6
6
6
6
6
6
18
6
6
24
Max.
480
370
300
200
200
100
100
300
60 ,000
2,700
520
2,300
300
340
510
120
220
200
2,200
750
1,500
300
Min.
<10
CIO
<10
CIO
CIO
CIO
<10
CIO
<10
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
<10
CIO
10
CJO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
Geom.
Mean
64
47
49*
30*
34*
32*
36*
17*
42*
77*
50
54*
59
41
27
34
31
36
28*
131
48
26*
NOTE: * Where several locations were sampled at the same beach, an average of the
geometrical means at all of these locations was used as the geometrical
mean for that beach.
43
-------
362
APPENDIX H
1969 ALGAL DATA ALONG MICHIGAN'S DETROIT
RIVER-LAKE ERIE COASTLINE
-------
363
INSHORE PHYTOPLANKTON ANALYSES OF LAKE ERIE-DETR0 I T RIVER
FROM 6/24/69-9/3/69
Kinds of Algae per ml.
Station:
Number
B03450
BO 3460
B03560
B03680
B03770
B03780
B03840
BO 3900
S
Station Location
Belle Isle
Beach , opp. 6th.
Lifeguard Tower,
50' out
Maple Beach,
100' S. of
Tryon Rd ,
100' out
Indian Trails
Midpoint of
Beach, 50' out.
end of Pier
Sterling State
Park N. limits,
of Beach, 100 '
out
Sterling State
Park S. limits,
100' out
Bolles Harbor,
near Pumping
Station, 100'
out
Toledo Beach
N limits of
Beach, 100'
out
Erie end of
Erie Rd. , 100'
out
Date
6/24/69
7/8/69
7/23/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/24/69
7/8/69
7/23/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/23/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/6/69
8/20/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/6/69
8/20/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/6/69
8/20/69
9/3/69
Coccoi d
Blue
Green
0
35
147
3
0
3
0
0
28
7
10
7
280
42
24
90
91
168
1,680
112
63
21
14
0
560
0
17
35
42
280
0
0
73
21
224
420
0
14
110
14
140
14
0
175
42
Fila-
mentous
Blue
Green
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
38
7
140
294
208
306
560
1,666
280
224
338
483
1 ,470
0
560
0
213
370
756
910
140
0
609
374
420
1,680
70
0
525
210
322
1,372
0
70
406
Coccoi d
Green
980
232
3
41
0
0
162
448
92
148
158
49
11,340
1,554
764
630
616
952
20,160
1 ,848
111
266
616
18,060
1,240
1 ,176
132
166
434
5,810
1,610
1,617
76
48
406
7,700
1,400
385
440
168
700
1 ,596
1,190
2,345
392
Fila-
mentous
Green
210
270
10
0
0
0
7
112
0
0
0
0
1,820
1 ,848
68
198
0
0
4,760
1,904
7
14
28
4,900
1,960
99
0
0
70
630
490
84
0
n
0
1,120
490
0
407
0
0
42
490
105
14
Flagel-
late
280
35
0
7
0
3
0
0
40
7
10
7
280
0
28
0
28
84
0
0
0
14
'4
0
0
0
14
0
56
0
70
0
13
10
42
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
0
35
14
Di atoms
Centric
140
125
6
24
7
24
0
224
68
216
112
98
140
126
180
468
224
518
0
224
7
189
294
140
420
693
150
339
266
0
210
840
283
321
252
420
910
224
368
1,015
682
126
630
1,225
868
Diatoms
Pennate
70
203
44
20
27
73
282
672
148
23
44
98
0
252
124
90
0
98
840
168
3
7
98
560
280
165
3
45
14
210
0
294
13
C
0
70?
280
35
33
7
28
322
280
350
14
Desmlds
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
70
28
0
0
10
28
14
0
0
22
10
34
0
0
0
21
17
6
42
0
0
35
11
35
28
0
0
70
14
Total
Algae
1,680
900
210
95
51
103
454
1 ,456
376
401
372
266
14,000
4,116
1,396
1,872
1,589
3,514
27,780
4,480
539
1 ,022
2,548
23,660
6,020
2,155
539
989
1,638
7,840
2,520
2,856
1,084
780
1,386
12,040
3,150
714
1,894
1 .449
1 ,900
3,472
2,590
4,375
1,750
Dominant Genera
Actinastrum
Cyclotella
Aphanothece
Cyclotella
—
Di atoma
Nitzschia
Navi cula
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Ankistrodesmus
Cyclotella, Scenedesmus
Anabaena, Oscillator! a
Aphanizomennn
Blue- green*
Actinastrum, Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Anabaena, Oscillatcria
Cyclotella, Aphanizomenon,
Osci 1 latona
Blue green*
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Ankistrodesmus
Ankistrodesmus
Cyclotella, Aphamzomenon
Aphani zomenon
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Cyclotella, Oscillatoria
Cyclotella, Aphanizomenon
Stephanodiscus
Scenedesmus, Oscillator! a
Stephanodf scus
Stephanodiscus
Osci 1 latori a
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Osci 11 a tori a
Stephanodiscus, Ankistrodesmus
Stephanodiscus, Ankistrodesmus
Cyclotella
Temp
°C
14
22
25
25
26
23
22
22
28
28
29
24
18
22
26
26
29
24
19
22
27
27
29
20
22
27
26
29
24
20
20
27
25
25
23
20
20
27
25
24
24
21
22
27
25
21
24
* Unidentified Blue-green Algae
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ALGAE SAMPLING STATIONS
LAKE FRIE
Station
Number Station Location
lemp Hard- Alka-
Date Time _^C_ T.5^ !KS_ N03-N NHrN Org. N-N TP04-P SOPOa-P Cl_ 50^ £H ness linity
803770 Sterling State Park, 7/8/69 1755 22 382 112 1.4 018 1.1
S. limits, 100' out
B03780 Bolles Harbor near 7/9/69 0638 20 176 82
pumping station,
100' out
MOTE: All chemical parameters are reported in mg/1 except pH.
0.23 0.03 23 53 8.2 190 124
1.7 0.27 0.61 0.22 009 27 58 8.0 215 148
-------
364
APPENDIX I
1969 DATA FOR THE MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AND
TRIBUTARIES TO NORTH MAUMEE BAY
-------
365
INTERSTATE WATER QUALITY MONITORING SAMPLING LOCATIONS
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN
1. Mill Stream Drain at M-49, about 1/2 mile north of the Michigan-Ohio
Tine, Hillsdale County.
2. West Fork of the West Branch of the St. Joseph River at M-49 in Camden,
Hillsdale County.
3. West Fork of the West Branch of the St. Joseph River at Austin Road, about
2 miles southeast of the Camden Village limit, Hillsdale County.
4. East Fork of the West Branch of the St. Joseph River at Territorial Road,
about 3/5 mile north of Michigan-Ohio line and 3/4 river mile north
of the state line, Hillsdale County.
5. Clark Fork Creek at Hillsdale Road, about 3/5 mile north of Michigan-Ohio
line and 9/10 river mile north of the state line, Hillsdale County.
6. Silver Creek at Territorial Road, about 1/2 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line and 3/4 river mile north of the state line, Hillsdale County.
7. Unnamed Tributary to the East Branch of the St. Joseph River at Miner
Road, downstream from Pittsford, Hillsdale County.
8. East Branch of the St. Joseph River at Williams County, Road 9, Ohio,
about 1/2 mile south of the Michigan-Ohio line and 1 river mile south
of the state line.
9. Myers Drain at Territorial Road, about 1 mile southeast of Waldron and
about 300 feet north of the Michigan-Ohio line, Hillsdale County.
10. Bean Creek in the impoundment in Addison at Comstock Street, Lenawee County.
11. Bean Creek at US-127 approximately 1/5 mile south of the Addison Village
limit, Lenawee County.
12. Garrison Drain at State Street in Hudson, Lenawee County.
13. Bean Creek at Nelson Road, 1/2 mile south of the Hudson Village limit and
1 river mile below Hudson's waste discharge, Lenawee County.
14. Bean Creek at Main Street in Morenci, about 3/5 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line and about 8/10 river mile north of the state line, Lenawee County.
15. Bean Creek at Fulton County Road T, Ohio, about 9/10 mile south of the
Michigan-Ohio line and about 1 1/5 river miles south of the state line.
16. Silver Creek at M-156 in Morenci, about 1/10 mile north of Michigan-
Ohio line and 1/10 mile from its confluence with Bean Creek, Lenawee County.
51
-------
366
.OD__rWOSTTIH
03 H3NVUB
-J
y
52
-------
367
1969 INlERSTATE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN
HIGH FLOW SAMPLING RUN
MARCH 1, 1970
Parameter
Time
Temp. (°C)
D.O.
B.O.D.c
PH b
T.S.
T.D.S.
S.S.
N03-N
NH3-N
Total P04-P
Sol. ortho P04-P
Ca
Mg
Na
K
Ni (ug/1)
Cu fiia/11
tu ^uy/ i /
Zn (ug/1 )
CN
Cl
Hardness C«COj
Alkal. CaC03
Tot. col i form
(counts /I 00 ml)
Fee. coliform
(counts/100 ml)
Sta.
No. 1
1230
10.5
10.6
2.6
7.8
310
274
36
1.40
0.15
0.11
0.01
68
15
4.5
2.0
6
230
170
1,000
300
Sta.
No. 2
1200
10
12.0
2.8
7.9
298
284
14
1.00
0.10
0.10
0.05
66
15
6.0
2.0
8
225
170
2,000
100
Sta.
No. 3
1215
8.5
11.0
2.6
7.8
296
286
10
1.00
0.10
0.07
0.04
66
15
4.5
1.9
6
225
175
1,700
200
Sta. Sta.
No. 4 No. 5
1245
9.5
11.3
2.5
7.9
302
286
16
1.10
0.10
0.05
0.02
66
15
4.0
2.0
6
225
185
100
100
Sta.
No. 6
1315
10.0
10.4
2.4
8.0
297
256
41
1.10
0.15
0.13
0.02
64
13
5.0
2.0
6
215
170
300
100
Sta.
No. 7
1)15
10.5
11.2
2.0
7.9
370
258
12
1.10
0.10
0.07
0.05
88
18
6.0
2.1
14
295
235
1,700
100
Sta.
No. 8
1345
10.0
10.6
2.2
7.9
320
286
34
1.40
0.10
0.10
0.03
72
16
5.0
2.0
7
245
190
300 11
100
Sta.
No. 9
1355
14.5
12.0
3.2
7 7
400
356
44
2.20
0.35
0.22
0.14
74
16
7.5
2.1
15
250
150
,000
300
Sta.
No. 10
1000
8.5
9.7
3.1
7.8
258
256
2
0.30
0.10
0.14
0.00
52
15
6.0
2 C
11
190
150
300
100
Sts.
No. 11
1015
8.5
11.2
2.8
7.8
326
316
10
0.70
0.10
0.06
0.01
74
18
8.0
2.0
10
260
210
3,600
300
Sta.
No. 12
1040
9.0
13.0
3.0
7.7
409
396
13
1.50
0.20
0.08
0.02
88
16
8.5
2.1
20
0
0
100
0. 00
17
285
175
2,000
1,000
Sta.
No. 13
1050
9.0
11.4
3.0
7.9
346
328
18
1.70
0.25
0.11
0.05
78
18
7.5
2.1
13
270
215
13,000
2,200
Sta.
No. 14
1415
10.0
10.8
2.6
7.9
340
304
36
1.40
0.15
0.10
0.04
70
18
7.5
2.1
14
265
200
6,700
100
Sta.
No. 15
1445
10.0
10.7
2.7
8.0
339
296
43
1.60
0.20
0.25
0.22
78
17
7.5
2.2
0
0
0
0
0.00
14
265
200
8,700
200
St«.
No. 16
1430
13.0
10.5
2.1
7.9
427
388
39
2.90
0.10
0.10
0.05
88
17
7.5
1.9
18
290
• 175
8,900
900
Low FLOW SAMPLING RUN
AUGUST 28, 1970
Parameter
Time
Temp. (°C)
D.O.
B. O.D.5
pH
T.S.
T.O.S.
S.S.
N03-N
NH,-N
Total P04-P
Sol. ortho POi-P
Ca
Mg
Na
K
Cr+6 (ug/1)
N1 (ug/1)
Cu (ug/1)
Zn (ug/1)
CN
Cl
Hardness CaCOs
Alkal. CaCOs
Tot. conform 300
(counts/100 ml)
Fee. collform
(counts/100 ml)
Sta.
No. 1
1430
21.0
7.4
1.4
8.2
396
384
12
0.30
0.05
0.09
0.03
80
22
8.0.
0
0
0
0
0.00
17
290
216
,000
700
Sta.
No. 2
1350
21
10.6
2.0
8.4
478
407
11
0.35
0.05
0.09
0.03
84
27
11.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
18
320
252
7,00
200
.jt.a.
No. 3
1410
20.0
11.0
2.0
8.5
406
390
16
0.30
0.10
0.15
0.07
84
27
11.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
16
320
252
3,000
200
Sta.
No. 4
1445
23.0
10,0
1.6
8.6
368
362
E
0.35
0.00
0.03
0.01
76
22
8.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
15
280
208
1,000
100
Sta.
No. 5
1510
21.0
8.2
1.0
8.5
492
484
8
0.40
0.00
0.04
0.01
96
34
11.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
13
380
284
3,000
100
Sta
No. 6
1530
ao 5
8.2
2.5
8.5
404
382
22
0.10
0.00
0.07
0.00
84
24
9.0
0
0
0
0
0 00
13
310
256
3,000
500
Sta.
No. 7
1220
14.5
7.8
0.7
8.0
548
540
8
0.20
0.00
0.03
0.01
116
34
10.0
0
0
0
C
0.00
23
430
304
7,000 3
<100
Sta.
No. 8
1600
23.0
9.2
1.6
8.5
416
392
24
0.25
0.00
0.04
0.01
84
22
10.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
17
300
252
,000 2
100
Sta
No. 9
1620
24.0
13.8
15,0
8.6
732
612
120
0.50
0.69
1.70
0.44
100
34
65. 0
0
0
0
0
0.00
70
390
360
o.doo <
<100
Sta.
No. 10
1015
23.0
3.6
2.0
8.0
310
302
8
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.01
56
22
9.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
20
230
168
1,000
<100
Sta.
No. 11
1035
19.0
6 2
2.4
8.2
478
438
40
0.60
0.22
0.22
0.15
92
24
13.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
20
330
256
9,000 360
500 <1
Sta.
No. 12
1120
20.0
8.6
6.2
8.0
696
616
80
4.40
0.00
0 19
0.01
108
36
48.0
330
0
0
500
0.00
47
420
300
,000 130
,000 3
Sta.
No. 13
1150
19.5
5.0
4.2
8.0
456
440
16
0.30
0.76
0.76
0.49
34
27
31.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
44
320
264
,000 66
,100
Sta.
No. 14
1650
23.0
9.2
2.2
8.4
466
428
38
0.10
0.17
0.11
0 20
88
27
21.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
28
330
272
,000 29
700
Sta.
No. 15
1720
22.0
9.2
2.0
8.5
458
430
28
0.10
0.17
0.16
0.11
96
27
19.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
27
350
264
,000
300
its.
No. 16
1700
20.5
8.0
1.6
8.3
576
540
36
0.30
0.07
0.11
0.04
108
24
9.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
21
370
200
900
1,000
NOTE: All constituents except pH are expressed as mg./l. unless otherwise noted.
53
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368
INTERSTATE WATER QUALITY MONITORING SAMPLING LOCATIONS
TRIBUTARIES TO NORTH MAUMEE BAY
1. North Tenmile Creek at Hicker Road, about 1/2 mile north of the
Michigan-Ohio line and 1 river mile from the state line, Monroe County.
2. Halfway Creek at Smith Road, about 1/2 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line and 7/10 river mile from the state line, Monroe County.
3. Halfway Creek at State Line Road in Lucas County, Ohio, about 1/10
mile south of the Michigan-Ohio line.
4. Halfway Creek at Alternate US-24, about 2/5 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line, Monroe County.
5. Silver Creek adjacent to N. Y. C. railroad tracks about 75 yards upstream
from its confluence with Halfway Creek, about 1/5 mile north of the
Michigan-Ohio line, Monroe County.
6. Ottawa River at Alternate US-24, in Lucas County, Ohio, about 3/5 miles
south of the Michigan-Ohio line.
7- Shantee Creek at Alternate US-24, about 1/5 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line, Monroe County.
54
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369
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370
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371
APPENDIX J
RULES OF PROCEDURES FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE
TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS
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372
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
WASTE TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS
Rules of Procedure
Rules 21 - 29
Hied with Secretary of State, January 26, 1970.
(By authority conferred upon the water resources commission by section 2 of Act
No. 245 of the Public Acts of 1929, as amended, being section 323.2 of the Compiled
Laws of 1948.)
R 323.21. Purpose.
Rule 21. Section 6 a of Act No. 245 of the Public Acts of 1929, as added by
Act No. 209 of the Public Acts of 1968, being section 323.206a of the Compiled Laws
of 1948, requires that every industrial or commercial entity which discharges liquid
wastes into any public lake or stream shall have waste treatment Facilities under the
specific supervision and control of persons who have been certified by the water
resources commission as being properly qualified to operate the facilities. These
rules set forth the requirements for certification of such operators.
R 323.22. Definitions.
Rule 22. (1) "Board" means the board of examiners established by the
commission.
(2) "Certificate" means a document issued by the commission attesting that a
person is properly qualified to operate or supervise the operation of certain
designated waste treatment facilities.
(3) "Commission" means the water resources commission, department of natural
resources.
(4) "Owner" means an industrial or commercial entity which discharges liquid
wastes into any public lake or stream.
(5) "Public lake or stream" means a lake or stream which is being used or is
capable of being used by the public or contains fish which are the property of the
public.
R 323.23. Classification of waste treatment facilities.
Rule 23. (1) Each waste treatment facility shall be classified by the commission
as to type. The commission shall notify the owner of the waste treatment facility of
its classification by issuing a certificate of classification. An owner who objects
to the assigned classification may appeal to the commission in accordance with the
commission's rules of procedure. Upon appeal, the commission shall schedule a hearing
and request the owner to present evidence to support his claim. After this hearing,
the commission shall determine the proper waste treatment facility classification.
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(2) Classifications shall be of 3 types, described as physical, chemical and
biological. Each of these classifications shall be further sub-divided into at
least 3 sub-classifications with the more complex facilities assigned the higher
numbers.
EXAMPLES OF WASTE TREATMENT PLANT CLASSIFICATIONS
A. PHYSICAL
Sub-Classification Ho. 1
Plain sedimentation
Screening
Spray pond
Skimming
Gravity separation
Flotation
Impoundment - regulated discharge
Sub-Classification No. 2
nitration
Thermo control - cooling towers
Incineration - land disposal
Radioactivity monitoring
Air flotation
Gas stripping
Centrifuging
Sub-Classification No. 3
Wet oxidation
Membrane filtration
B. CHEMICAL
Sub-Classification No. 1
Sludge conditioning
Neutralization
Evaporation - condensation
Adsorption
Absorption
Sub-Classification Mo. 2
Chemical coagulation
Precipitation
Emulsion breaking
Ion exchange
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374
Sub-Classification No. 3
Chemical oxidation - reduction
Chemical recovery
C. BIOLOGICAL
Sub-Classification No. 1
Extended aeration
Aerated lagoons
Natural stabilization basin
Sub-Classification No. 2
Disinfection
Trickling filters
Aerobic and anaerobic digestion
Sub-Classification No. 3
Activated sludge
R 323.24. Board of examiners.
Rule 24. The commission shall appoint a five-member board of examiners, of which
1 member shall be a member of the staff of the commission, 1 shall be a member of the
staff of the Michigan department of public health, 1 shall be an owner of a commercial
or industrial enterprise which operates a waste treatment facility or an employee of
such an owner, 1 shall be a holder of a certificate to operate or supervise the
operation of a waste treatment facility, and 1 shall be chosen at large. Of the
members first appointed, 1 shall be appointed for a term of 1 year, 2 for terms of
2 years and 2 for terms of 3 years. Thereafter, each member shall be appointed for
a term of 3 years. At its first meeting in each calendar year, the board shall
select, from its membership a chairman and such other officers as may be needed to
conduct its business. Members of the board shall be reimbursed for their actual
and necessary expenses in transacting board business.
R 323.25. Applications and examinations.
Rule 25. (1) A person desiring to be certified in 1 or more of the classifications
shall file an application with the commission at least 30 days before the established
date of the examination on an application form provided by the commission. The
information included therein shall constitute a part of the examination.
(2) The board shall, under the direction of the commission, examine applicants
for certification in order to determine their ability and qualifications, at such
times and places as it designates and in accordance with the provisions of these
rules. Examinations shall be held at least annually. Sixty days notice of the
examination date shall be given. The board, as a result of the examination and
the requirements of the act, shall recommend to the commission the issuance or
non-issuance of certificates.
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(3) The commission may maintain reciprocal certification with other states.
S 323.26. Qualifications for certification.
Rule 26. (1) The board may recommend for certification, following an oral
examination and such other examinations, including an evaluation of the applicant's
experience, as the board may require, persons with the following qualifications:
(a) Minimum requirements - all types of classification no. 1:
(i) The ability to read and write.
(ii) Comprehension of the principles and problems of management of the treatment
process and facilities.
(iii) The ability to perform arithmetic calculations necessary to operate the waste
treatment facility and prepare the required report to the commission.
(b) Minimum requirements - all types of classification no. 2:
(i) The equivalent of a high school education with the equivalent of high school
chemistry.
(ii) Comprehension of the principles and problems of management of the treatment
Nrocess and facilities.
(iii) The ability to perform arithmetic calculations necessary to carry out the
operation of the waste treatment facility and prepare the required report to the
commission.
(c) Minimum requirements - all types of classification no. 3:
(i) The equivalent of 2 years of college education in engineering, chemistry,
biological sciences or allied field. Graduation from high school and with at least
4 courses in post-high school level chemistry or biological sciences or both may be
considered to be equivalent.
(ii) Comprehension of the principles and problems of management of the treatment
process and facilities.
(2) The board may recommend for certification in an appropriate classification,
without written examination, or with oral examinations at the board's option, persons
having the following qualifications:
(a) Applicants who are registered professional engineers in Michigan and have
t least 2 years experience in the water pollution control or waste treatment field.
(b) Applicants who have a bachelor of science or higher degree in engineering,
chemistry, biological sciences, or allied field and have at least 3 years experience
in the water pollution control or waste treatment field.
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376
(c) Applicants who hold a classification no. 1 or 2 certificate, have at least
5 years experience in the water pollution control or waste treatment field, have
proven their competence in their present classification, and have successfully
completed advanced courses in 1 or more of the following: chemistry, biological
sciences and waste treatment operation.
(3) Oral examinations, when held by the board, shall determine the overall
knowledge of the applicant in regard to the operation of the type of facility the
applicant will be responsible for, and the possible effects of discharge of untreated
or inadequately treated waste upon the waters receiving the plant effluent.
(4) The commission may deny a certificate to a person who has given false
information in his application or who has been guilty of fraudulent practices in
his examination. This denial, or any other denial of a certificate, may be appealed
from in accordance with the commission's rules of procedure.
R 323.27. Renewal and revocation of certificates.
Rule 27. (1) A certificate is valid for 5 years from the next July 1st after
the date of issuance. On or after January 1 of the year in which a certificate
expires, the certified person may apply for renewal thereof. The commission may
waive re-examination if the certified operator's operation record justifies such
exceptions. Failure to apply for renewal shall result in termination of such
certification. The commission shall notify the certified operator and the owner
as to the action it has taken.
(2) If the certificate of an operator is not renewed within 30 days after its
renewal date, the commission shall give notice of the non-renewal to the owner and
the operator and 30 days thereafter certification shall be terminated unless
application for renewal has been received in the interim.
(3) The commission may revoke the certificate of a person, who after a hearing,
is adjudged incompetent or unable to properly perform the duties of operator in his
classification, or who has practiced fraud or falsification or who has been negligent
in the discharge of his duties. Notice of revocation shall be given to the owner and
to the person whose certification is being revoked.
R 323.28. Persons in responsible charge and changes.
Rule 28. (1) An owner shall designate a certified operator to be in
responsible charge of the day-to-day operation of each waste treatment facility
and shall inform the commission of the designation. The owner may replace the
designated operator with another properly certified operator at any time and shall
notify the commission within 10 days after the replacement.
(2) A certified operator who changes his address or place of employment shall
notify the commission thereof within 30 days after the change.
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377
R 323.29. Reports.
Rule 29. The person in responsible charge of a waste treatment facility shall
file with the commission, each month or at such longer interval as the commission
may designate, on forms provided by the commission, operating reports showing the
effectiveness of the treatment facility operation and the quantity and quality of
liquid wastes discharged into the public lake or stream. When the person in
responsible charge is not available to file the report, the owner may appoint
a substitute suitable to the commission to file the report.
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378
F. B. Frost
MR. FROST: If you would care to follow me in the
report, I will start on page 3.
At the reconvened conferences in Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1966; in Buffalo, New York, in 1967; and again in Cleve-
land in 1968 and 1969, the Michigan Water Resources Commis-
sion reviewed the pollution control program that had been
developed to abate pollution and enhance the Michigan waters
of Lake Erie and its tributaries. The reports outlined how
Michigan, in 1965, had established water quality goals for
the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie and how
a voluntary pollution abatement program had been formed with
the cooperation of industries and municipalities. The
reports further set down the effluent restrictions and
treatment facility construction time schedules required to
achieve the desired water quality goals. Finally, the reports
described the water quality, surveillance and effluent moni-
toring programs that have been established by the Michigan
Water Resources Commission.
This report reviews the compliance status of the
previously approved abatement programs and time schedules
and presents information on recent pollution control activi-
ties affecting water quality in Michigan's waters of Lake
Erie.
Under industrial and municipal compliance status,
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379
F. B. Frost
Appendix A lists the current performance status of the
industrial plants and municipal units which have stipula-
tions with the Michigan Water Resources Commission to con-
trol their waste discharges to the Detroit River and Lake
Erie.
Mr. Chairman, this is a rather short paragraph,
but it is one of the most important in the entire report.
Appendix A lists all of those units, industrial units and
municipal units, that have stipulations with the Commission
and gives the status of their compliance. I intend to
review this in more detail as we come to it.
Continuing, Appendix B lists the Michigan indus-
tries and municipalities which have discharges in Michigan's
portion of the Lake Erie-Detroit River Basin and indicates
those which have nutrient discharges that affect Lake Erie
water quality. There are essentially no industries which
presently discharge nutrients to the Detroit River or Lake
Erie without prior treatment or partial removal. In accor-
dance with Michigan's approved interstate standards plan
of implementation, all affected units of government will
be expected to accomplish phosphorus removal by June 1,
1977, at the latest. Earlier compliance dates are being
required of most of these governmental units.
Water quality standards. Michigan has adopted
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380
F. B. Frost
water quality standards and designated uses for all of its
intrastate waters and interstate waters. The Federal Govern-
ment has approved these standards with the exception of
temperature standards for fish, wildlife and other aquatic
life for interstate waters. Revised thermal standards were
the subject of a public hearing held on March 19, 1970.
In regard to the construction grant program, in
June 1969, the Michigan State Legislature passed legislation
to implement the $285 million bond program for construction
of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The bond money
will enable communities to receive grants up to 55 percent
of the cost of construction of treatment works and inter-
cepting sewers. This is divided into a 25 percent outright
State grant, a 25 percent State advance of anticipated future
Federal funds, and an expected 5 percent Federal grant. An
additional $50 million bond issue was approved by Michigan
voters for construction of collecting sewers, and implement-
ing legislation was passed in July 1969.
Michigan has recognized its commitment by assist-
ing its communities in financing needed treatment facilities
and by advancing State bond moneys for anticipated Federal
funds. It is requiring local units to provide the remaining
funds with the assurance that their advanced share will be
reimbursed by future Federal moneys before the State receives
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381
F. B. Frost
reimbursement.
A priority list of projects has been developed
and has been approved by the Commission and the legislature.
At each monthly meeting of the Commission, a report is pre-
sented which lists changes in the status of grant offers and
developments since the previous month's meeting and summarizes
all action to date. The report submitted at the May 1970
meeting is included in Appendix C.
And interjected here, as Governor Milliken reported
this morning, to date there has been some $58 million in
grant offers covering total construction costs of $140 million.
In 1970, there are 48 projects on the priority list covering
total construction costs of about $270 million.
Water quality surveillance of the Michigan waters
of Lake Erie and its tributaries. The water quality surveil-
lance program established by Michigan was described in
detail to the conferees at Buffalo in 1967. The sampling
and testing of the Detroit River and Lake Erie at 72 loca-
tions is continuing and the data obtained from 1966-1969 is
available in a report published in January 1970 entitled
"Water Quality Surveillance Program, Detroit River-Lake
Erie." Similar data for the 88 municipal and industrial
waste discharges along the Detroit, Rouge, Huron and Raisin
Rivers will be published in June 1970. This report will
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382
F. B. Frost
include all 1969 data and a summary of the 1968 data.
And in summary here, sir, reviewing the data that
have been obtained during the years 1966 to 1969 and recog-
nizing that reporting average has very little meaning, it
is difficult to show any significant changes in the Detroit
River in relation to the dissolved oxygen in total column.
However, there does seem to be a considerable lowering of
concentration of suspended solids in chlorides. And as we
go through the report, particularly Appendix A, I think we
can show the probable reason for that.
Continuing on page 5, the water quality monitoring
of Greak Lakes tributary streams was initiated by the Water
Resources Commission in May 1955 to obtain background radio-
activity information. The monitoring program has since
been expanded to its present level of 46 stations located
throughout the State. In 1969 eight of these stations were
located in Detroit River, Lake Erie or their tributaries.
The results of the 1969 sampling of these stations are pre-
sented in Appendix D.
Beginning in 1963 thei monitoring program was
expanded to obtain a variety of background data on the
quality of water flowing into the Great Lakes and connect-
ing waters by way of the principal watersheds in Michigan's
Lower Peninsula. The specific objectives of the program are
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383
F. B. Frost
to determine long-term trends in the chemical, physical and
bacteriological characteristics of these tributaries. The
monitoring stations are located as close as possible to the
mouths of the drainage basins and below all known sources
of waste. Three such stations are tributary to the Detroit
River or Lake Erie. A summary of results of analyses of the
samples collected at these stations and from the Ecorse River
in 1969 are presented in Appendix E.
Beginning in 1967 the Commission inaugurated a
program of sampling of raw water from the Great Lakes.
Samples are collected annually from water treatment plant
intakes. The intent of the program is to establish existing
water quality and to indicate long-term changes in water
quality. Four intakes are located in the Detroit River or
Lake Erie. The results of analyses of the samples collected
at these stations in 1969 are presented in Appendix F.
In addition to the program conducted by the Water
Resources Commission, the Michigan Department of Public
Health requires that each water treatment plant submit
monthly operating reports which contain results of physical,
chemical and bacteriological tests which are made on the raw
water supply. The two programs supplement each other and
furnish fairly complete documentation of the water quality
at water intakes.
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384
F. B. Frost
The Michigan Water Resources Commission conducts
an annual summer sampling program of Michigan's Great Lakes
coastline surface waters. The program, initiated in 1965,
is designed to provide bacteriological data during the
summer recreation and vacation season of June to September.
Twenty-two of these sampling points are located on Lake
Erie or the Detroit River. Appendix G presents a summary
of the 1969 data collected at these stations.
In conjunction with the existing program for moni-
toring the bacterial quality, a program was started in 1969
to collect qualitative and quantitative algal data from the
coastline surface waters during the summer recreation season.
Chemical and physical analyses of water samples were collec-
ted concurrently with the algal samples. The data that was
collected in 1969 at the eight stations located on Lake
Erie or the Detroit River is presented in Appendix H.
Part of Michigan's plan of implementation for
protection of interstate waters was to establish a long-
range surveillance program on these waters. In addition to
the previously mentioned annual sampling of water intakes,
the interstate river basins are sampled near Michigan's
borders and above and below possible problem areas. These
locations are sampled twice a year, once during a high flow
period and once during a low flow period. Two such basins
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385
F. B. Frost
are tributary to Lake Erie, the Maumee River Basin and the
tributaries to North Maumee Bay. The results of analyses
of the samples collected in these two basins in 1969 are
presented in Appendix I.
In 1969 a comprehensive survey of the water
quality in the Ecorse River, a tributary of the Detroit
River, was conducted by the staff of the Commission. The
results of this survey and a concurrent survey by the
Michigan Department of Public Health have been published in
August 1969 in a report entitled "Ecorse River Water Quality
Study, May-July 1969". Further investigations are in progress
to correct problems in this basin.
I will skip data processing here and go to thermal
monitoring.
Staff of the Commission have conducted investiga-
tions of major sources of thermal inputs to the Great Lakes
in the last two years, including most of the power plants
that discharge to Lake Erie or the Detroit River. Additional
surveys and resurveys will be conducted in the summer of
1970. The data will be made available in published form.
In this regard, the two major heat sources on the
Detroit River, the Detroit Edison Conners Creek plant and
channel plant, were studied. Warm water could be detected
below these discharges one mile and 3 miles respectively.
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386
B. F. Frost
Both discharges were fo-nd to follow the west bank of the
river with very little lateral or vertical mixing occurring.
Biological effects of the plumes have yet to be evaluated.
Plume patterns from the Consumers Power Company,
J. R. Whiting Plant on Lake Erie have been established by
Dr. John Ayers, University of Michigan. The plume extends
into the lake a maximum of 3,750 feet with the size and
shape varying as to wind direction and velocity. Biological
aspects of Huron have not yet been evaluated.
Industries with significant thermal discharges
are being required (in new Orders of Determination) to conduct
pre and post operative surveys in the vicinity of their dis-
charges. Several of the power plants that discharge to Lake
Erie or the Detroit River have employed technical staff or
have engaged consultants to conduct investigations.
With regard to pesticide monitoring, a Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration (now Federal Water
Quality Administration) grant for $40,000 was awarded to the
Water Resources Commission on October 1, 1969, for pesticide
monitoring of the Michigan portion of the Great Lakes Basin.
Staff has been hired and the laboratory enlarged and improved
to implement this program.
In the Lake Erie-Detroit River Basin, monthly water
and sediment samples will be collected at four locations,
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387
B. F. Frost
biological monitoring with clams will be conducted approxi-
mately four times annually at these locations and water
samples will be collected annually from two water intakes.
Regarding duck mortality studies, continued interest
in preventing waterfowl mortalities in the Detroit River
area dictated the continuation of studies initiated in the
winter of 1967-68. Random samples of ducks were again collec-
ted in two general areas on the Detroit River during the
winter months of 1968-69.
Autopsies were performed and feathers were analyzed
for the presence of foreign oil accumulations. It is hoped
that this program will provide further insight in the
wintering problems of these waterfowl and give further
direction in preventing winter mortalities in this area.
Regarding control of pollution from watercraft, as
previously reported, the Michigan Water Resources Commission
in January 1968 adopted rules and regulations to control
pollution from marine toilets on watercraft. The rules do
not allow the macerator-chlorinator and do authorize the use
of holding tanks or incinerators. The rules became effective
January 1, 1970. Private marina operators are installing
pump-out stations and treatment facilities where needed and
the Michigan Waterways Commission has accelerated its program
to provide similar facilities at state harbors of refuge on
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B. F. Frost
the Great Lakes.
In the matter of mandatory certification of indus-
trial treatment plant operators, Act 209, Public Acts of
1968, requires that all industrial or commercial establish-
ments discharging liquid wastes into the waters of the State
shall have waste treatment facilities under the specific
supervision of persons who have been certified by the Water
Resources Commission as properly qualified to operate the
facilities. It further requires that monthly operating
reports shall be filed with the Commission showing the
effectiveness of the treatment facility operation and the
quantity of the wastes discharged. The Commission has set
January 1, 1971, as the date the Act becomes effective. The
first examination of operators will be held on September 9,
1970. The rules of certification are contained in Appendix J.
Now, for just a moment, Appendix A. This is the
status of the stipulations that exist with the industries
and municipalities along the Detroit River and Lake Erie.
I will take each one individually. We will start with the
industrial discharges.
Number one is the Allied Chemical Corporation,
Semet Solvay Division. And here a phenol problem has been
solved by a deep well disposal. However, we are having some
trouble with the deep well, and operation has not been what
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B. F. Frost
we had hoped. And certain changes are being made.
Under the Solvay Process Division, the company has
ceased operation at this location. In this matter, I would
like to indicate the significance of this.
In 1966, on the stipulation side, there were 3
corporations that had major discharges of chloride — Allied
Chemical, Solvay Process Division, the Wyandotte Chemical
Corporation North Plant and South Plant, and the Pennwalt
Company East Plant and West Plant. The total number of
pounds of chlorides covered by those stipulations was 5.2
million pounds per day.
Ceasing operations at the Solvay Processing Divi-
sion removed 2.8 million pounds of that chloride or some 54,
55 percent. The chlorides from those sources have been
removed since 1966. That is one of the explanations for
lowering of chloride in the Detroit River.
Continuing, the American Cement Corporation, the
Jefferson Street plant is now in compliance. The Brennan
Street plant was in existence, but not in operation when the
stipulations were developed. It has since gone into opera-
tion, and a new stipulation has been developed with the
company. And they are under construction for improved
treatment.
Consolidated Packaging Corporation, this is a paper
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B. F. Frost
mill at Monroe. They had primary treatment, and they had
a contract signed with the City of Monroe for secondary
treatment. The completion of this depends upon the comple-
tion of the Monroe plant.
Consolidated Packaging, South Side Division, is
in the same category.
Darling and Company in Melvindale is in compliance.
E. I. duPont deNemours and Company in Ecorse has
to go out of operation.
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company had a waste
pickling acid problem. This is now being hauled out and
used by another industry, and the company is now in compliance.
The Ford Motor Company, Monroe plant, is completely
in compliance.
The Rouge plant is in partial compliance. The
iron in suspended solids on two outlets are not in compliance.
This has been recognized by the Commission. A final order
of determination has been issued. Construction is underway
on one of the sewers and construction is being prepared for
the second.
In regard to the pickling acid conversion to hydro-
chloric acid, steel pickling from these lines with all spent
liquor returned to the supplier has eliminated most dissolved
iron discharges from the plant.
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B. F. Frost
Regarding the suspended solids, again, surveillance
date of 1969 identified two waste outlets discharging sus-
pended solids, and these are iron solids, including phenol,
and in excess of the stipulation limits. Commission declared
company in default of the stipulation and adopted a final
order of determination on May 20, 1970, requiring full com-
pliance by November 15, 1971. Data since then has indicated
that the phenols are probably in compliance. These are way
below the stipulated limits. And regarding iron and sus-
pended solids, correction of one automatically corrects the
other.
National Steel Corporation at the steel rolling
mill in Ecorse, here is partial compliance, too, of one,
and the lead containing soluble oil is not in compliance.
The steps taken to put this into compliance did not work out,
and the company came to the Commission and asked for an
extension of time to construct additional facilities. These
*,
are under construction.
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, I wonder if it isn't
possible for us to shorten this. It is physically impossible
for us to assimilate all this. While the report from the
State of Michigan is very complete, couldn't it be put into
the record?
I am afraid if every one of the States does this,
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F. B. Frost
we will be here for quite a long time.
MR. STEIN: Well, I do think we are going to let
each State make the presentation in its own way.
Also, I think we have to recognize these are
important. And this does deal with Detroit, but it is up
to the State. I am not going to cut him off.
And you proceed in your own way.
MR. PURDY: Well, Mr. Stein, I would have no
objection to placing this in the record if at the end of
this conference no conclusions would be reached. That is
that there would be, then, time for the conferees to read
this report and meet at a later date to reach conclusions.
But if at the end of this conference the conferees are
expected to reach some conclusions, I think it is important
that we understand what is in the report at the present time,
MR. STEIN: Well, maybe we can settle that now.
I am not sure, and I didn't want to jump into this tonight
without giving the conferees an opportunity to sleep on
this overnight. And I think in view of the workshop we are
going to have and the material that is going to be adduced
there, it might be unrealistic to think we are going to have
conclusions at the end of this conference. We may reconvene
after the workshops are completed, but I would hate to give
you or ask you for an immediate judgment from the conferees
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F. B. Frost
on that question on this short notice. I was going to leave
that question with you for consideration over the night.
You possibly may want to meet with your staff or
get together in several States and caucus on this. That
would be a sensible approach to me.
But in any event, why don't you proceed in the
way you wish.
MR. PURDY: Well, beyond that, you have mentioned
that there will be workshops in the other States and at that
time, you will expect to go into the situations in detail
in those States.
MR. STEIN: Yes, sir.
MR. PURDY: There are no workshops scheduled here
in Michigan, and this is the time for Michigan to place the
detailed record.
MR. STEIN: I think your point is well taken, sir.
And as I said, this is the meeting we are going to have in
Detroit.
MR. LYON: I would like to ask Mr. Purdy, then,
how you expect the conferees to reach conclusions based on
this amount of detail. It is physically impossible. It
is a question in persistency, too, whether we can sit and
listen to all this detail. I don't see how we can reach
conclusions based on this large amount of detail.
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F. B. Frost
MR. STEIN: May I make a suggestion? I think we
have raised an issue. I think to get on with this, I am
going to let Mr. Purdy proceed in his own manner as we do
with every State. I would suggest conferees consider this
question overnight, and we might arrive at a judgment on
how we can best handle it. But I don't think that at this
hour of the day, we are going to be very productive in try-
ing to discuss this here and come up with a solution.
So would you proceed, Mr. Purdy, with the presenta-
tion?
MR. PURDY: I would guess there are only about
10 or 15 more minutes, and I would like to present in the
way we were going.
MR. STEIN: Right. Mr. Frost, go on.
MR. FROST: Mr. Chairman, I would guess there are
two or three more minutes.
MR. STEIN: Go ahead. No one is going to be cut
off. Keep going.
MR. FROST: All right. I believe I was on National
Steel Corporation, the steel rolling mill in Ecorse, in
which there is partial compliance. One sewer containing
soluble oils has a new treatment plant under construction
there.
The 80-inch hot strip mill is in compliance.
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F. B. Frost
At the blast furnace, there is one sewer there with
excess quantities of suspended solids. The company has been
with the Commission. A revised stipulation has developed in
which construction is under way for a new treatment plant.
McLouth Steel Corporation is in compliance.
The Mobil Oil Corporation is in compliance. The
stipulation here referred only to suspended solids in oil.
Later a phenol problem was discovered, and this was brought
to the management's attention. And the management has
informed us as of this week that treatment facilities will
be in place by February 1 of 1971 to reduce the phenols 90-
plus percent.
Monsanto Company, the Trenton plant is in compliance,
The Trenton resin plant is in compliance.
The two Pennwalt Corporation plants are in com-
pliance .
Revere Copper and Brass is in compliance.
Scott Paper Company. Here was a major source of
BOD in solution. A pulp mill with 25,000 pounds of BOD has
been discontinued. The paper mill has been connected to the
City of Detroit sewer system for treatment.
Time Container, another paper mill, Monroe, in its
secondary treatment is dependent, too, on the City of Monroe.
Union Bag Camp Corporation is in the same category,
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F. B. Frost
another paper mill in Monroe.
Wyandotte Chemicals, the North Works, is in com-
pliance.
The South Works is in compliance. And there is
a note here. Discharges of mercury discovered in March 1970
were halted by a court order obtained April 16, 1970, per-
manently enjoining mercury discharges.
If I can just have one more minute for a summary —
MR. STEIN: No one is cutting you off, Mr. Frost.
Go ahead.
MR. FROST: I keep waiting for the bell to ring
somewhere.
(Laughter.)
MR. STEIN: If you only hear it inside your head,
it is not.
MR. FROST: On original schedule and in compliance
are municipalities like Trenton, Luna Pier, Estral Beach,
Wyne County, Wyandotte plant and the Trenton plant in Grosse
lie Township.
In industrial, I have Allied Chemical-Solvay Process,
Darling and Company, American Cement, duPont, Firestone,
Great Lakes Steel, 80", McLouth Steel, Mobil Oil, Monsanto
Trenton plant, Monsanto resin plant, Pennwalt East and
Pennwalt West, Revere Copper, Scott paper, Wyandotte Chemical
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F. B. Frost
north plant and south plant, and Ford-Monroe. These are in
compliance on original schedule.
On a modified schedule, but in compliance, Monroe
Township in Monroe County, Consolidated Packaging Corpora-
tion, North and South, Union Bag Corporation, and Time Con-
tainer.
Partial compliance on a modified schedule, addi-
tional voluntary controls, progress underway, there are no
municipalities under here, but Great Lakes Steel-Ecorse,
Great Lakes Steel-Blast Furnace, and Semet Solvay.
Behind schedule, enforcement action taken by the
Water Resources Commission, modified schedules set by final
order, the City of Monroe, Frenchtown Township, Monroe
County and Ford Motor Company, Rouge plant.
Behind schedule, enforcement action upheld by court,
modified schedule set by court, there is one under munici-
pality, Berlin Township.
Behind schedule, Commission action pending, there
are tv/o under municipality, Detroit and Riverview.
This accounts for the 12 stipulations for munici-
palities and the 25 stipulations for industry.
That concludes my portion of the report, sir.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Chairman, we recognize that on the
modified schedules, these will have to be considered by the
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F. B. Frost
conferees.
MR. STEIN: Right.
Now, let me say at least the way I look at this
evaluation. By and large, your industrial waste sources
on the Detroit River are in compliance for the river really
to be cleaned up. The ones not in compliance depend on
connecting to municipal systems, whether it is municipal
treatment in Monroe or Detroit or someplace else. Is this
a fair statement?
MR. FROST: Well, the Detroit River, the Ford
Company is not on it.
MR. STEIN: Yes, the Ford Motor Company.
MR. FROST: And the Great Lakes Division of
National Steel Corporation. This is a soluble oil company
problem to be solved by the company itself.
MR. STEIN: I understand.
MR. FROST: I think you are thinking of the paper
mills in Monroe. There are four there all dependent upon
the city of Monroe for secondary treatment.
MR. STEIN: But by and large, except for Ford and
National Steel, the industries are in compliance on the
Detroit River?
MR. FROST: Yes, sir.
MR. STEIN: Now, is Wyandotte Chemical putting
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F. B. Frost
out any mercury at all?
MR. FROST: I can't say it is zero. It is almost
an immeasurable amount.
MR. STEIN: I just raise this not as a pollution
point but to make the record clear. Are there still
discharges of chlorides from various chemical plants into
the Detroit River?
MR. FROST: There has been no reduction in the
discharge of chlorides from either Wyandotte Chemical or
Pennwalt.
MR. STEIN: All right, I think as far as I can
see, that clarifies it. I think it is a very clear report,
by the way.
I would like to say this to Mr. Lyon: I am not
saying we necessarily need this orally. But I have found
that if we attempt to have any less of a detailed report
than has been given by Michigan — and I think they gave a
very good report — we don't have sufficient detail to answer
the questions here. We can't answer them to the press and
the citizens, and I am sure I can't answer them when we get
back to Washington. We found this over periods of operation
where we have kind of developed a plan of notification of
various things that we put in. I think this is no dif-
ferent than the State. Essentially, it is when they retain
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F. B. Frost
engineers, preliminary plans, detailed plans, arrange
financing, initiate construction and complete construction.
Unless you have that in detail on each specific phase, I am
not sure we know where we are. And then we have to have the
analyses.
Let me ask one more question. How much do you
think Ford is out of compliance? How long are they going
to be over?
MR. FROST: Well, on the tailrace — and this
is from the Porter House — this is under construction now.
And the company assures us the construction will be com-
pleted in January of 1971. The specialty foundry, and this
is a solid material, iron ore solids, this requires an
entirely new treatment plant which is now under design. And
I think the date for completion of construction is November
of 1971.
I did misspeak myself here on Wyandotte Chemical.
There has been a reduction in chlorides resulting from the
treatment of mercury. This has been disposed of into deep
wells.
MR. STEIN: Yes, I think Mr. Purdy referred to
that before. In other words, the Ford Company is running
from about a year-and-a-half to 2 years late.
MR. FROST: On one outlet, yes, sir.
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F. B. Frost
MR.PURDY: Mr. Stein, I would like to ask one
question of Mr. Frost. This is with respect to the
specialty foundry sewer. It is my understanding that a
treatment facility was built, but it failed to operate as
guaranteed.
MR. FROST: That is correct.
MR. PURDY: And that now it has been determined
that this treatment plant will have to be replaced entirely
and that such facilities are under design.
MR. FROST: This is correct. This was a formalized
treatment plant provided by the company which did not work
properly.
MR. STEIN: Right.
By the way, this happens in every business. And
it happened over and over again in a lot of municipal and
industrial complexes. But again let me put it to you this
way: I think the program is fine. But when we first came
here, the big source of pollution that was visible to every-
one was the discharges from the city of Detroit and from
down below, from Monroe and those other places, which
resulted in the closing of Sterling State Park for swimming.
This included the discharges of the River Rouge area — and
Ford is the biggest operator there. I think with all the
progress we have to make, as far as I can see, the Sterling
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F. B. Frost
State Park is still going to be closed this summer. Ford is
behind. And we will hear from Detroit. But if they are
behind, too, I think we still have the big things that we
came out here on when we first came on the case and may not
still be in compliance.
And I recognize that these are very real problems
and very complex problems. There might be very good reasons
for them.
Are there any further comments or questions?
MR. MAYO: One question. I would appreciate it
if Mr. Frost would expand just a little bit on the nature
of the phenol problem at the Semet Solvay Division and also
the cyanide problem at McLouth Steel.
MR. FROST: All right. Semet Solvay Division is
a coal company division processing phenol. About 1955, it
built and operated for years a phenol recovery plant. They
just rebuilt the coke ovens within the last 2 or 3 years.
The phenol recovery plant was not an economical thing to
operate, and they decided to go to deep well disposal with
this particular waste. And the deep well was built, and it
operated for some time, but not very long before troubles
developed in the engine pressures. And they are beginning
to remedy this now. And this is under way there.
The company is fully confident that they can
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F. B. Frost
correct the problem.
MR. MAYO: Will they be going to new phenol
recovery facilities?
MR. FROST: No, deep well disposal.
MR. MAYO: They will continue with deep well dis-
posal?
MR. FROST: Yes.
MR. STEIN: I would like to ask both the Federal
conferee, Mr. Mayo, and the State people — Now that this
process is on record and going again, do you feel that deep
well disposal meets the new Federal policy on deep under-
ground well systems?
MR. MAYO: Certainly Secretary Hickel has raised
the spectrum of the appropriateness of deep well disposal
of wastes when there may be available viable alternatives
for the removal and disposal of those wastes. And certainly
we just offer at this time the observation that if they
were having difficulty getting rid of the wastes in the deep
well disposal, perhaps these are technical difficulties that
can be overcome. But I just comment that certainly deep
well disposal in terms of the Department of the Interior
approach should be considered as essentially the last alter-
native and not resorted to if there are other practical
means of getting rid of the phenol.
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Nina Johnson
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or
questions?
MR. FROST: I didn't complete my answer, Mr.
Chairman. He asked about the cyanide from McLouth Steel.
McLouth Steel does not have its own coke ovens.
It purchased coke. Last winter we detected cyanide coming
from the outlet. This was traced to the coke purchased at
that time. We brought this to the company's attention and
asked that they take immediate steps to reduce this. The
immediate steps were for chlorination of this material, the
waste from the gas moistures on the blast furnace. And
this reduced it some 90 percent. It is still down in that
level.
The permanent solution has not been arrived at
yet. We don't know whether we still have a coke of this
type that will continue to be used in this way. But the
control is achieved by chlorination.
MR. STEIN: Any other problems, questions?
(No response.)
Thank you very much, Mr. Frost.
Mr. Purdy.
MR. PURDY: I am wondering if Nina Johnson is in
the audience at the present time. If so, I would like to
have her make her statement now.
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Nina Johnson
MR. STEIN: Mr. Purdy or Mr. Frost, I want to
commend you people on a very excellent report. This is, I
think, a thorough, comprehensive, clear and candid report
and presents the conferees with a full picture. Thank you
very much.
STATEMENT OF NINA M. JOHNSON
WATER RESOURCES CHAIRMAN
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN
MRS. JOHNSON: I would first like to say it is
very difficult for a mother and a housewife to come here
representing the League of Women Voters and be faced with
these mountains of very technical information. I have tried
to go over some of it, and I certainly admire the attention
and the expertise that has appeared here.
I am Nina M. Johnson, Water Resources Chairman
of the League of Women Voters of Ann Arbor, Michigan, which
is a participating member of the League of Women Voters
Lake Erie Basin Committee.
Our members have been studying the administration
of water resources at all levels of government since the
mid-1950's. Across the nation League members have actively
supported policies and procedures which promote comprehensive
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Nina Johnson
long-range planning for conservation and development of
water resources and improvement of water quality.
In the Lake Erie Basin League members in New York,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan support the imple-
mentation of the Enforcement Conference recommendations.
In addition, they support the setting and enforcement of
the highest possible standards of water quality; coordinated,
cooperative planning, effective implementation and enforce-
ment, and adequate funding of efficient administration.
Lessons from past environmental changes indicate
environmental repair is difficult to justify economically
or politically once the damage has occurred. Too often it
has been too easy to cast the blame on neighbors while
ignoring the local problems which also contribute to the
whole mess.
However, part of this is because the public is
woefully uninformed. Few citizens know the true facts.
Fewer are familiar with local or regional organizations
formed to expedite action. It is even difficult for the
informed citizen to pinpoint responsibility. This is not
surprising if one surveys the legislation, regulations, and
directives which have begat agencies, departments, commis-
sions, offices, and district, basin, and regional organiza-
tions — all stacked into a gigantic inefficient bureaucracy
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Nina Johnson
and sapping the financial needs for effective pollution
control mechanisms.
The principal result of the alarm over Lake Erie,
which triggered the first Enforcement in 1965, has been con-
ferences, papers, meetings, studies, talk and more talk. The
eutrophication of Lake Erie continues to accelerate.
Dissolved solids build up in the lake. Pollutants
continue to pour into Erie's waters. Mayflies have given
way to sludge worms, in some areas numbering up to 30,000
per square yard. Decreasing varieties of algae are burgeon-
ing in numbers. Oxygen depletions have increased in extent
and duration. Trapped nutrients threaten to make Lake Erie's
algal overproductivity self-sustaining. Bacterial contami-
nation fouls our beaches. Solid wastes litter our shores.
Flushing and dumping of brines and oils are in common
practice. Concentrations of toxic metals and exotic chemi-
cals create emergencies. This conglomerate mixed with
radioactivity, viral contamination, and thermal pollution
can toll the death knell of Lake Erie.
In the Lake Erie Report of August 1968, there
was a rundown of the municipality waste problem and the
industrial problem. And the conformity to those schedules
of abatement can best be described as dilatory with munici-
palities. But municipalities are faced with seeking funds
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Nina Johnson
debased by inflation, justifying expenditures to an apathetic
public, awaiting plan approval and program decisions. These
are only some of the hurdles facing municipalities beset
by skyrocketing costs of crisis after crisis.
Industry, because of its very nature, has been a
little more efficient than government. But the fact of the
matter is, we have fallen behind the schedule. Efforts we
are making do not keep up with commercial and industrial
development and the increasing demands of an expanding
population.
We are not so naive that we hope Lake Erie can be
returned to a pristine condition. Nor do we believe an
effective reclamation effort can be accomplished in a day
or a year. But it is evident that unless a decision can be
made for a rational basis of management, Lake Erie will soon
face a cataclysm which will make present difficulties mild
by comparison. The Lake Erie Basin requires a management
program which will provide clear policy guidelines for the
establishment of priorities and the enforcement of quality
standards. The program should include population factors,
power consumption, waste disposal, industrial development,
land management, political coordination, and provision for
extensive public information projects.
Until elected and appointed officials have the
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Nina Johnson
courage to face up to the public, to industry, and to the
respective governmental bodies involved, with this kind of
a clear and comprehensive program which distinctly spells
out the social and economic costs, quite frankly, we will
continue to waste our time and money.
This is not a new nor radical idea. The Delaware
River Basin Commission has organized the efforts of four
States and shows progress in coping with matters of concern
in that area. The Tennessee Valley Authority has provided
a model for river basin development around the world. The
British River Boards, established in 1963, were designed to
identify a priority of uses and to establish channels for
beneficiaries of water quality to provide a fair share of
water management costs. Their success is receiving world-
wide attention.
Earth Day was the focal point of the frustration
being experienced by many across the land — particularly
the young. They are raising legitimate questions of our
assignment of values and priorities. It might be well for
us to remember that the 18-to-25 year age group is the most
viable political force in our country today.
To keep faith with the growing number of concerned
citizens steps need to be taken which will provide meaning-
ful results within a relatively short period of time.
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Nina Johnson
First, strong and active support by the Adminis-
tration for full funding of the $1.25 billion appropriation
for matching moneys for construction of municipal treatment
plants and interceptors is an essential ingredient of a
massive campaign to clean up Lake Erie.
The rest of the possible areas of action would not
require exhaustive studies, detailed engineering, or large
capital investments.
By legislation or taxation a limit of phosphate
content could be imposed upon detergents, a limit of, perhaps,
10 percent. Rather than rushing headlong into accepting NTA
detergents which are still subject to question, let us
rigidly control one of the substances which we know plays
a major role in the eutrophication of Lake Erie.
An imposition of a moratorium on the use of salt
for icy streets and roads for a period of 3 to 5 years would
provide sufficient time to determine how important this
practice is to the chloride content of our lake.
With DDT already prohibited in Canada and Michigan,
a ban on the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the lake
basin might prevent the critical situation now present in
other of the Great Lakes.
Seemingly insurmountable social and political
barriers have prevented efficient development and protection
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Nina Johnson
of Lake Erie. Conservation, health, industrial development,
recreation -- all are different aspects of our water prob-
lems. Even departments and agencies of government view the
same problems differently. Too many agencies more readily
identify with entities they regulate than with the public
they should protect. We need a planned program which can
assess and coordinate the differences for the benefit of all
of us.
Will the future show us resorting to auctioning
our lakes and rivers to the highest bidder? Or do we want
to maintain and protect our waters as a valuable national
resource? The crisis is now. Shall we wait for catastrophe
before we really come to grips with our problems? If we
wait until tomorrow to make our decision, it will be too
late.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mrs. Johnson.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
Thank you very much.
Mr. Purdy.
MR. PURDY: I have one comment, not a question,
Mrs. Johnson. I have no argument with your statement. You
did note in this the fact that industry has met its obligations
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P. M. Reid
somewhat more efficiently than municipalities. And by and
large, the problem with municipalities has been the matter
of financing. And here it seems that everyone wishes to
wait for their turn for a State and Federal grant. And if
we are going to meet what apparently the public wishes in
the way of an accelerated program of pollution control, this
means that somebody is going to have to go ahead without
waiting for Federal and State grants, as I see things today.
I cannot foresee State grants and Federal grants building
up to the level to where we can progress as rapidly as we
should in municipal pollution control projects. So, there-
fore, we, the people, must be ready to say that we are
willing to go ahead and build municipal waste treatment
plants without waiting for grants. And I hope I see that
today.
I would like to call now upon Mr. Reid of the
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments.
STATEMENT OF PAUL M. REID
DIRECTOR, PLANNING DIVISION
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
MR. REID: Thank you, Mr. Purdy.
Mr. Stein and by now worried conferees, I shall
observe the admonition of the mother whale who said to her
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P. M. Reid
young, "Remember, it is when you are spouting you are most
likely to get harpooned."
The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments,
successor to the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning
Commission, has long been concerned with the development of
water pollution abatement plans and the implementation of
such plans in the southeastern Michigan region. In October
1967 the former commission adopted a long-range water supply
and a long-range sewer and treatment plan for its then 4-county
jurisdiction of Wayne, Oakland, Macomb and Washtenaw Counties.
The sewerage plan was based on the study and plan formed by
the National Sanitation Foundation previously. The area of
responsibility was extended to 6 counties, adding Monroe and
St. Glair, when the Council of Governments was established
in January 1968. Steps were instituted shortly thereafter
to expand the original water supply plan and the sewerage
plan to the full 6-county region and to meet the objections
of several of the counties to some elements of these plans.
From the outset, the former Regional Planning
Commission and the now Council of Governments has been con-
cerned with a regional approach to the problems of water
pollution abatement. We were very happy to hear George
Milliken this morning put emphasis on the regional approach.
We recognize that governmental agencies and private
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P. M. Reid
enterprise are both responsible for the pollution problems.
We also realize that governmental agencies primarily are
responsible for the development of pollution abatement plans
and programs on a regional scale.
Further, the Council of Governments is keenly aware
of its obligation and the challenge to formulate plans and
undertake actions, not only to alleviate the current situa-
tion, but also to prevent pollution in the future. Both
current and future pollution abatement are very intimately
related to the extent of population and economic growth on
the one hand, and to the patterns and arrangement of land
uses on the other. Involved likewise are other facilities
such as transportation, recreational areas, open spaces and
new urban areas, etc., all of which are basic components of
a comprehensive regional development plan. In this connec-
tion, it is a highly relevant fact of urban development that,
in acres, since the 1950's it has been increasing at twice
the rate of population growth. The development and occupation
of raw land for residential, industrial and commercial and
other purposes has been greatly accelerated by the modern
process of urbanization.
Our agency participated with county and local units
of government in the process of establishing intrastate water
quality standards in the Detroit region, as undertaken by the
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P. M. Reid
Michigan Water Resources Commission. The setting of these
standards for various streams and bodies of water has been
a beneficial step in determining the critical conditions for
pollution abatement.
In updating and expanding the regional sanitary
sewerage plan, we have sought to get the 6 member counties
to develop their own county plans as a first step. Several
have already done so. In other counties, the problem has
been to obtain agreement on a county sanitary sewerage plan
by some of the local units of government involved. Recent
actions taken by the Michigan Water Resources Commission have
now provided the basis for the resolution of most of these
intracounty and intercounty problems.
As the certified areawide review agency, it is the
responsibility of the Council of Governments — which is con-
stituted under State law as the official planning agency —
to prepare reviews and comments on all applications originating
in the region for Federal grants-in-aid on water pollution
abatement projects. These review statements are concerned
with the relation and harmony of such proposed projects with
regional plans. In discharge of that obligation, we have in
the 29 months since January 1, 1968, examined and prepared
letters of review and comment on 57 such projects where
applications were directed to the Department of Housing and
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P. M. Reid
Urban Development, the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, and the Farmers Home Administration. Of
these five received negative reviews as we found it
necessary in light of their noncompliance with regional
plans. In addition, by law under the Michigan State water
pollution abatement program, we have examined and prepared
reviews on 16 official local community pollution abatement
plans and 6 State grant-in-aid projects proposed by local
communities under the State program. Under this State pro-
gram, we have written 2 negative reviews.
By Act of Congress, regional water supply, sanitary
sewerage and storm drainage plans must be developed and
adopted by October 1, 1970, in order to establish local
eligibility for Federal grants-in-aid for subh facilities.
Our agency is working earnestly to meet that deadline. The
cooperation and active participation of the member counties
in the formulation of these plans has been sought and is
expected in time to provide the necessary basis for the
/
regional plans.
The speeding up of the process of regional planning
and the construction of these needed facilities means the
avoidance of short-term or temporary pollution abatement
measures and paves the way for the earlier completion of the
major elements of the regional systems.
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Patricia Kaltwasser
The Council of Governments is committed to the full
development of a regional pollution abatement system, in
the interests of the health and enterprises of the people, the
governmental units, and the private enterprises of business
establishments of this region.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, thank you very much, sir.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Stein, we have several others that
I would like to put over until tomorrow. And at this time,
I would understand you would have someone you would like to
call on.
MR. STEIN: Yes. We have someone who traveled a
long distance to come here and has a short statement. May
we call on Patricia Kaltwasser.
STATEMENT OF MRS. CARL M. KALTWASSER
HOUSEWIVES TO END POLLUTION
MRS. KALTWASSER: Thank you very much, Mr. Stein,
for the privilege of speaking to you.
I would like to introduce myself first. My name
is Patricia Kaltwasser. And although I have traveled from
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Patricia Kaltwasser
Buffalo, which is a long distance, I am a native of Detroit
and have been living in Buffalo for 10 years now and summer
on Lake Huron. So I have kind of surrounded the lake and
brought my children up and been raised on the lake as well
as under the urging of my children which is one of the
reasons why I have been concerned with the water problem on
our lake. They won't drink our water that we are getting at
home any more. So I promised them when we return in the
fall, we will start buying water because I am concerned
about their health, too.
I am a member of Cause which is an association
action group in Buffalo and also another group which is
called "Housewives to End Pollution" which is an outgrowth
of Cause. And we have taken the direct approach as far as
the phosphate content of Lake Erie is concerned. And I
just want to tell you what we have done.
We call ourselves Housewives to End Pollution,
HEP, which is a group of concerned women in the Buffalo
metropolitan area who have banded together to attack immediate
local pollution problems that center around the home. In
our first effort, we have succeeded in getting all area food
chain stores to agree to post lists of laundry products with
their phosphate percentages.
On May 8, HEP met with the Buffalo Food Council
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Patricia Kaltwasser
which represents area food retailers and brokers. The
chairman of the Soap and Detergent Association was present,
in addition to representatives of the Big Three soap manu-
facturers, Proctor and Gamble, Lever Brothers, and Colgate-
Palmolive. We let it be known that we were willing and
able to supply pressure tactics if our requests were not
answered within a certain time. There was an immediate
consensus among the food stores to post the lists, and the
three soap representatives were asked to supply us with
their own phosphate figures. We gave them a time limit of
two weeks, after which time we would proceed with posting
alternative lists if necessary.
Last week the soap companies belatedly sent us a
partial listing. We are now in the process of assembling the
manufacturers' figures in conjunction with a list from the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. The stores
will have this list printed at their own expense on large,
visible signs to be placed in their detergent aisles. And
from this, we hope that the consumer can at least have the
opportunity to make a decision.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
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Patricia Kaltwasser
If you want a suggestion, Mrs.Kaltwasser/ if you
are going to stay in this soap and detergent business, the
way they tell the amateurs from the pros is the way you
spell Proctor and Gamble — P-r-o-c-t-e-r.
MRS. KALTWASSER: Thanks.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
(No response.)
If not, we will stand recessed until 9:30 tomorrow
morning.
(Whereupon, at 5 p.m. the conference
recessed, to reconvene at 9:30 a.m. on Thursday, June 4,
1970.)
- U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1970 O - 407-609 (Vol. I)
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