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271
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272
W. L. Hartman
DR. HARTMAN: I believe it would be appropriate
to have the background statement in the record, too, as a
matter of information in depth.
At the conclusion of my presentation here, we
will distribute the summary statement also for a briefer
look.
Man is presently responsible for dumping 40 billion
gallons of untreated sewage and many billion gallons more
of partially treated sewage into Lake Erie each year. An
estimated 137,000 pounds of phosphorus enter Lake Erie each
day and the majority from municipal waters. The consequence
of long-term additions to Lake Erie is of such a magnitude
that we have had substantial increases in nutrient level.
Total dissolved solids have elevated over the past
50 years by some 50 parts per million. Some of the individual
changes of interest to some of us have been increases in
sodium and potassium of 13 ppm and increases in calcium of
10 ppm, increases in nitrates of almost a part per million
and phosphorus of 22 ppm.
The latest data we have on Lake Erie shows that
there has been no deacceleration of these increased rates
of additions of nutrients to the water.
The combination of generally warm—water tempera-
tures, slightly increasing over the years, and you can take
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273
W. L. Hartman
2° or you can take 4° as Mr. Harlow indicated this morning,
and the tremendous increases in the nutrient levels have
resulted in tremendous organic production, particularly at
the algal level.
I mentioned the 20-fold increase in plankton
abundance and the growth of filamentous algae. Many of you
have seen on the lake Cladophora which has dramatically
increased.
Adverse changes have occurred in the types of algae
in the plankton, too. The noxious blue-green algaes, Micro-
cystis and Aphanizomenon, have become a dominant summer
species. And in 1969, the late summer blooms of these were
unbelievably dense and widespread.
This organic production has a profound effect on
the oxygen regime in Lake Erie. The fallout of dead algae
sinking through the water column into the lake causes tre-
mendous biological oxygen demands during decomposition. And
the greater this organic production is, of course, the greater
the BOD.
Thermal stratification is quite important here.
The western basin is usually homothermal, uniform, from top
to bottom, except for short periods of column water sometimes
in the summer when temporary thermal stratification will take
place.
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274
W. L. Hartman
Thermal stratification in the central basin is
more stable. It is long-term in the middle of the summer.
Waters deeper than 40 feet are usually well stratified by
mid-July, and this may continue into late September. Strati-
fication in the deeper areas of the eastern basin usually
starts in July and extends into October.
The consequences of thermal stratification — and
this is the point — isolate the bottom waters from freely
mixing with the top waters where we have a continuing replenish-
ing of oxygen.
Now, the oxygen regime has been seriously degraded
in Lake Erie. Synoptic surveys in 1960 and shortly previous
to that revealed that there is less than 1 ppm dissolved
oxygen in the bottom waters in the central basin in areas
between 600 and 1,000 square miles in extent. And more
extensive oxygen depletion has been observed in the bottom
waters in the central basin since that time.
In the eastern basin, critically low dissolved
oxygen has not been reported. Yet we have some lowering of
the levels perhaps down to as low as 5.5 ppm which shows that
degradation of the oxygen regime there is taking place.
The latest data we have confirm these earlier
findings that oxygen deficits are really serious.
The problem of low oxygen levels is doubly complex
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275
W. L. Hartman
in Lake Erie. Although organic production is increased,
the biological oxygen demand in the lower bottom waters in
the central basin does not appear to be sufficient enough to
fully deplete the dissolved oxygen in those bottom waters to
the extent that we have found.
But the sediments themselves have a high oxygen
demand which is both biological and chemical. And recent
tests, for example, have shown that just a small amount of
this type of sediment — maybe 5 grams — can remove almost
all of the dissolved oxygen in a 250 ml column of water in
less than 5 minutes — tremendous demand.
Now, if we were only involved with the biological
oxygen of man from organic production in the water column, we
might be more easily able to solve this problem by reducing
nutrients. But because we have this chemical oxygen demand
in the sediments that have accumulated over the years, we
now do have a second and perhaps even more serious problem
and much more difficult to correct.
The degradation, then, of this oxygen regime has
dramatically altered the population of bottom organisms which
are so important in the diets of many of our valuable fishes.
For example, the mayfly population in the bottom sediments
of the western basin have decreased from 400 per square meter
to 10 per square meter now. The numbers and distribution of
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W. L. Hartman
sludge worms have increased manyfold. Caddisfly larvae on
the bottom sediments have virtually vanished in the western
basin. And we have a favoring, of course, of the bottom
fauna towards those organisms that are low oxygen tolerant.
To the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, then, this
rather narrow stratum in the bottom of Lake Erie with its
associated low oxygen content is so polluted that the status
of the entire lake as a useful producer of fishery products
is uncertain.
Now, let us turn to thermal effluents and how this
fits in.
The number of nuclear powerplants in Lake Erie is
proliferating. We will have two more, I believe it is, by
1975 and another fossil-fuel plant. Considerable concern on
our bureau's part deals with the potential deleterious
effects of these heated effluents on the fisheries and fauna
resources of Lake Erie.
First, a uniform increase of temperature in Lake
Erie will increase the metabolic activities of organisms and
result in increasing levels of oxygen depletion following
this organic reduction. We have already mentioned the whole-
sale destruction of the bottom organisms over hundreds of
square miles of Lake Erie.
Secondly, the highly valuable walleye population
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W. L. Hartman
in Lake Erie have discrete spawning sites on shallow reefs.
The spawning areas are shallow, 2 to 10 feet in depth in
most cases, and the spawning and incubating physiologies of
this species are such that heated discharges could severely
disrupt spawning activities and destroy incubating eggs.
Finally, unpublished data from the Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, Sandusky Laboratory, shows that an
increase in incubation temperatures from 10° to 15° C., for
example, will decrease the incubation period of walleyes
from 20 to 10 days, by 10 days. And it is quite possible
that unnatural heating of the areas where eggs are incubat-
ing would result in an unnaturally early hatching and very
possibly at a time early in the spring when the environment
would be unsuitable to their survival.
German scientists have shown this to be absolutely
the case in some of the reductions of whitefish populations
in Lake Constance.
Thus, for these and other reasons, we are most
apprehensive about the discharge of thermal effluents in
Lake Erie and especially the western basin. From the fisheries
standpoint, there should be, therefore, no additional thermal
inputs into Lake Erie, especially into the western basin,
until the consequences have been assessed by adequate research.
Let us now turn to the valuable fishery resources.
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W. L. Hartman
Lake Erie has always been the most fertile and
most productive in terms of fish of all the Great Lakes.
Surprisingly enough, a total of 19 different species of fish
have been important in the commercial catch at one time or
another. And the catch has averaged about 15 million pounds
for the last 100 years. So it is maintaining itself in
terms of biomass yield, but the value has gone down tre-
mendously. The high-value fishes I mentioned like the
whitefish, the cisco, the sauger, blue pike and sturgeon
have all disappeared. Walleye and yellow perch now constitute
the major remaining species of high and medium value. But
these populations are declining. And stocks of such less
valuable species as freshwater drum, carp, suckers, and gold-
fish are still abundant and are, with few exceptions, greatly
underexploited.
Of great concern now is the instability of the
year class success and sharp decline for western basin popula-
tions of walleye and yellow perch, the two most important
species for commercial and sport fishermen. Not since 1965
has either species had a real successful spawning despite a
large spawning population available for each species from the
very large 1965 year class.
For many years, people have felt that the decline
and disappearance of so many valuable fishes from Lake Erie
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W. L. Hartman
was due primarily to overexploitation. Yet, the decline of
walleye and yellow perch today must be attributed in part
to the deterioration of the environment. In this sense, the
populations are now in double jeopardy.
Research during the walleye spawning season in
1969 tends to support our contentions that the degraded
environment is a primary factor influencing the levels of
these particular fish populations in Lake Erie, at least.
Underwater observations for two weeks during the
first half of the spawning season for walleyes showed a rapid
build-up of algae growth all over the rubble on the spawning
reefs. Although walleye eggs were abundant in the rubble and
lying on the algae mat, they were vulnerable to the effects
of sedimentation in the rubble and predation while exposed on
the algae mat. And this algae mat was Cladophora, and this
is another consequence of increasing nutrification.
Then, following a severe storm out of the northeast,
the spawning reef was dramatically changed. This occurred
half-way through the spawning season. The rubble, including
boulders 2 or 3 feet in diameter, was turned over and all dis-
arranged. The reef was cleared of sediments. The rubble
was scoured free of algae. A seemingly ideal spawning environ-
ment was left for the second half of the spawning season.
Water temperatures were rapidly rising, shortening
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280
W. L. Hartman
the length of the incubation period for eggs and thus lessen-
ing their exposure to sedimentation as it started to silt
again. The resulting year class was unexpectedly good,
though not nearly the magnitude of the one in 1965.
Normally, the rate of sedimentation on the walleye
reefs is quite high. It builds up over time and degrades
the environment in the rubble where the eggs lie on their
bottom. Suffocation through oxygen depletion in the inter-
stitial waters in the rubble is certainly a real problem.
About 15 million tons of sediment are carried into Lake Erie
each year from the watershed and as much more is eroded off
the shore line.
Although our observations in 1969 cannot be supported
with a great deal of data, they have suggested to us that
sedimentation on the walleye reefs may well be reducing the
population levels now and may wind up in doing so for so many
years. Reduction of sediment discharge into Lake Erie is
necessary for the preservation of such bottom egg laying
fishes as walleye, white bass, smelt and to some extent yellow
perch.
Another topic of interest is the introduction of
coho salmon into Lake Erie. And this is a rather interesting
fact. Although salmon fry have been intermittently stocked
in Lake Erie since 1870, it is only this last stocking that
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W. L. Hartman
has shown some resounding success. The newly coordinated
coho program among the States officially began in the spring
of 1968 with the release of 121,000 yearling coho salmon in
the tributary waters of Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York.
Plantings were continued in 1969 with the spring release of
230,000 yearlings. And this past year another 545,000 year-
lings were released.
These fish mature to adult size in the fall follow-
ing the year of release and return more often than not to the
release points. Based on the returns from the 1968 stockings,
the results may range in weight from 4 to 10 pounds which is
fairly good growth in Lake Erie. And sufficient numbers are
being captured now by fishermen so that the States feel
warranted to continue this hatchery and propagation program
on an indefinite basis.
Important research information on the stockings is,
however, meager. Estimates of the success of the first stock-
ing in 1968 to this point is a 10 percent return to fishermen
and spawners to the streams of release, to the weirs. And
this is a respectable return after a first stocking.
Additional data suggests that the cohos move around
the lake in a clockwise direction during the season. Actually,
the midsummer distribution is in the northern end of the
eastern basin where there is still cold water and where there
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282
W. L. Hartman
is enough oxygen at depths for the coho to survive during
the summer period. But further degradation of the oxygen
regime, further increases in the permanency of thermal
stratification, may place some limits on Lake Erie's capacity
to support this cold water form.
Now, let us turn to the problem of insecticides.
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries began monitoring
insecticides in Great Lakes fishes about 5 years ago. The
announcement in early 1969 by FDA that levels of DDT in
Michigan coho salmon were dangerously high and exceeded the
action level of 0.5 ppm prompted an immediate broader sampling
of all the Great Lakes and was focused on the more important
sport and commercial fishes. In only a few months, the Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries was able to obtain considerable more
data than they had at that time.
And we find that excepting for Lake Superior, the
levels of DDT and its derivatives and the dieldrin for Lake
Erie fish are comparatively lower than in any of the other
3 Great Lakes and fall well under the 5 ppm action level.
In the past few years, growing concern locally
and nationally about the build-up of pesticides in our
environment has culminated in the banning of these pesticides,
the banning of the sale in many States. But the most recent
environmental crisis we are facing now is the mercury
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283
W. L. Hartman
contamination of fish.
Certain Canadian officials announced on March 25
of this year that levels of mercury in walleye and other
species taken from Lake St. Clair were considerably in excess
of the 0.5 ppm action level set by the Canadian Food and
Drug Directorate. They subsequently placed a total ban on
taking fish for any purpose from Lake St. Clair and its
tributaries.
Immediately, U. S. Public Health resource agencies
were concerned about Lake Erie, and sampling programs were
initiated. Since then, several hundred fish samples from
the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair areas have been examined by
several Federal and State agencies. As more data become
available during April on fish taken from U. S. waters of
Lake Erie, the States of Ohio, Michigan and New York placed
varying degrees of fish bans on both sport and commercial
fishermen.
Preliminary data from the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries sampling program in Lake Erie give the following
ranges in mercury levels for certain fish from the western
basin.
Now, keep in mind the 0.5 ppm tolerance level set
by FDA.
Yellow perch have mercury levels between 0.2 and
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284
W. L. Hartman
0.5 ppm.
Coho salmon between 0.2 and 1 ppm.
Carp between 0.1 and 0.8 ppm.
White bass between 0.3 and 1.5 ppm.
Channel catfish between 0.3 and 0.6 ppm.
Sheepshead between 0.1 and 1.0 ppm.
And walleye between 1.0 and 3.0 ppm.
An inspection of fish analyses by FDA shows that
most of these values also fall within these ranges that I
have presented here. We have very little data from the
eastern basin. I have been talking about western basin
fish prior to this point. Samples we have from the eastern
basin do show somewhat lower levels.
It is interesting to rank these particular fish
in order of decreasing levels of mercury. And we find that
if we ranked walleye as number one and called it having
100 percent as some base line figure, then white bass would
have half the level of mercury as walleye do. Yellow perch
and catfish would have a quarter of the value that walleye
do. And carp and shad and smelt would have down about 13
percent of the levels that walleyes have.
The consequences of mercury contamination have
been tremendous and have really had a serious effect on the
sport and commercial fisheries in terms of economic losses.
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285
W. L. Hartman
A more detailed report on the entire mercury crisis with
recommendations for corrective actions in future research is
addended to the lengthy statement that the conferees now have
in their hands.
In conclusion, the environmental problems of Lake
Erie here are complex and discouraging. And we certainly are
in for some more crises. Yet, we in the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries are hopeful that the mounting national concern over
the fate of our environment will generate great urgency and
support for all of the programs that are aimed at reducing the
degradation of Lake Erie's environment and its living resources,
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
(The above-mentioned summary statement follows the
statement on Lake Eire.)
MR. STEIN: Thank you, Dr. Hartman.
Are there any comments or questions?
MR. LYON: Dr. Hartman, your talk has given us a
very somber picture for changing the fish population of Lake
Erie. What do you consider the role of the increased commer-
cial fishing to have been as compared to the role of pollution
in the disappearance or diminution of certain species of fish?
DR. HARTMAN: You have asked the question that is
asked so often and unanswered so often, too.
I would say from my own point of view that the
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286
W. L. Hartman
effects of the deterioration of the environment may well have
started in the fifties, even though we had large populations
of walleye, and yellow perch were increasing at that time.
But there is some reason to believe that the failure of year
class strength in the fifties of the walleye population when
there were plenty of spawners available even under high
exploitation was in part due to the effects of the degrada-
tion of the environment starting then.
So in that time and since that time, the impact of
the pressure of the environment has become perhaps by now
at least as important a factor as exploitation rates on the
populations in terms of their stability.
MR. LYON: Well, I read in your statement, though,
the implication, at least, that overfishing of the lake had
something to do with this picture that you have painted for us
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, sir. In the early days when
certain populations were fished heavily and catches were
reduced, then the fishery shifted emphasis to another species
and then to another. And in the earlier days, exploitation
was the dominant factor involved in the successive reductions
in certain populations.
MR, LYON: Do you think that there may be a hidden
research benefit in the mercury crisis insofar as this will
cut back on commercial fishing and you might be able to
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287
W. L. Hartman
observe better than you have more recently the effect of
commercial fishing on the fish population?
DR. HARTMAN: It certainly is an opportunity to
see if there will be any change in the year class or, let
me put it this way, in the age composition of the population
after a year of the moratorium or, in essence, to some
extent a moratorium, yes. So there is a hidden benefit here.
MR. LYON: Does the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
plan to utilize this opportunity to take a look at that
department?
DR. HARTMAN: We are obtaining samples of the.popu-
lation to compare with past samples of the commercial catch.
MR. LYON: Fine.
I have one other comment, Mr. Chairman. And it is
again the picture that Dr. Hartman has painted for us is a
very, I think, significant one in terms of the degradation of
one of our major lakes. Industries and municipalities are
now spending hundreds of millions of dollars on both sides
of the boundary to reduce pollution. However, we really
don't know, as I have said before, what effect this will
have on the ecology of the lake.
And, of course, the conferees have considered and
studied as has the IJC the importance of developing a
mathematical model of the lake that will allow us to relate
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W. L. Hartman
the money we are spending on pollution abatement to what we
hope to obtain from the quality of the lake. We really
don't know what this will do.
At the last conference in Cleveland, we agreed
unanimously that we should have the conferees or the FWQA
contact the IJC Lake Erie Board with the idea in mind that
we would begin to work on a joint effort to develop a
mathematical model of the lake, particularly giving emphasis,
initially at least, to the phosphorus question. My question
is what has been done to initiate that effort?
MR. STEIN: Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: John.
MR. PEMBERTON: Nothing that I know of. I don't
think the board has done anything as a result of the con-
ference .
MR. MAYO: It appears from Mr. Pemberton's comments,
Mr. Chairman, there has not been a follow-up contact with
IJC in connection with that specific recommendation.
MR. LYON: May I again urge, Mr. Chairman, this
be done as soon as possible. It seems to me it is terribly
important that we soon come up with the answer to the ques-
tion as to what this pollution abatement program will do to
water quality and the ecology of the lake. It seems to me
that is a crucial question.
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289
W. L. Hartman
The municipalities and industries who are spend-
ing this money are entitled to the answer.
DR. HARTMAN: Mr. Chairman, I have 2 or 3 more
comments.
MR. STEIN: Well, let's settle this one first, O.K.?
DR. HARTMAN: Pardon. I am sorry. I thought you
were through there.
MR. STEIN: I would like to get this settled first.
You know, this was first proposed by Mr. Lyon in
terms of $20,000 - $25,000. Then when they finally got to
work on it, they got the price up so high — it increased
about tenfold — they priced me out of the market, anyway.
So we had to go here.
Now, let me ask the question: Does the Region want
to take the responsibility for handling the contact in your
capacity as going to the IJC or shall I do it through Mr.
Hendrickson.
MR. MAYO: By way of a little additional back-
ground information, Mr. Chairman, the whole question of the
need for and the availability of model facilities for the
Great Lakes generally has not gone unattended. I think Mr.
Lyon is aware of the program that has been sponsored by the
Great Lakes Basin Commission. And I think the State of
Pennsylvania is participating or stands as a ready participant
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290
W. L. Hartman
in an appraisal of the appropriateness of going ahead with
a full-scale limnological modeling program for the Great
Lakes generally. So that the question of whether models
can be developed and whether they can be used effectively
has not gone unattended.
The issue of what might be appropriate in the way
of a model or models from Lake Erie or for Lake Erie has
not been as specifically explored apparently as the conferees
anticipated it would be as a result of the last conference.
A point that we might keep in mind is that the
Water Quality Act of 1970 in Section 15 authorizes the
appropriation of $20 million to be used to study water
pollution control problems and opportunities in the Great
Lakes Basin. The money is to be used in the form of 75
percent grants, so to speak, by the Federal Government to
be matched by 25 percent of non-Federal funds.
Now, with that authorization, there may very well
be an excellent opportunity to use the Section 15 program
to take a specific look at what modeling opportunities we
can readily put to use and to use the Act as the vehicle
for recommending the appropriation of necessary funds, 75
percent of which would come from the Federal Government and
25 would have to come from non-Federal sources. And this
may very well be the role that the States could effectively
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291
W. L. Hartman
play. The funds, then, could be used on a contract basis
for the conduct of modeling studies.
As far as the relationship with the Canadians is
concerned, Mr. Chairman, as the Chairman of the U. S. section
of the Advisory Board on Control of Pollution of the Great Lakes
and Connecting Channels, I would certainly be glad to work
with Mr. Hendrickson and approach the Canadian counterparts
with some initial discussions with them for looking specifi-
cally at Lake Erie in the context of the concern of this
conference. And I would be glad to take that initiative.
MR. STEIN: Right. And may I suggest that after
that is done that you may want to write to the various States
and tell them that it has been done. And you may want to
meet with some of them and with the Canadians if they are on
the committee.
MR. LYON: I think the important point there is
they are already represented on the International Joint
Commission. And, frankly, the thing that worries me is not
how much it will cost because we can scale it to meet our
budget, but the problem that I see and I tried to express at
the last conference is that as I understand it, the Great
Lakes Basin Commission is interested in modeling and has, I
understand, a certain amount of money for that purpose.
FWQA also does.
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292
W. L. Hartman
The Canadians, I know, are very interested in
this area and are also working on it. And there really is
only one Lake Erie.
So the point is that we ought to put our heads and
our money together and make this one single joint effort.
And I think it is basically a question of coordination and
getting everybody together.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman?
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle.
MR. EAGLE: Dr. Hartman, you gave out one figure
that concerns me very much. And I certainly have inferred
this might be the root of the problem as far as fish in Lake
Erie were concerned. And that is that 40 million gallons of
untreated sewage is discharged to Lake Erie directly. Where
does this figure come from?
DR. HARTMAN: I am glad you brought that up.
MR. EAGLE: Forty million gallons per day.
DR. HARTMAN: I meant to clarify that when I said
it and ran past it.
This is in essence 40 million gallons a day. And
I believe this is from Mr. Harlow's report where he uses a
calculation of 50 percent treatment and then applies this to
the amount of discharge and then indicates that this is
essence.
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293
W. L. Hartman
MR. EAGLE: It is not sewage, it-'is essence.
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, it is essence. It is just like
the janitor who passed our sign downstairs this afternoon
at lunch time and said, "This pollution is a bunch of
garbage."
MR. EAGLE: When you use this essence thing, you
ought to make it very clear what you are talking about be-
cause this could be misconstrued by many people.
DR. HARTMAN: Thank you very much for pointing
th'at out.
MR. STEIN: Did you have some other comments?
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, I did, Mr. Chairman.
In terms of the question specifically aimed at the
impact of commercial fishing on the fishing resources in
past years, I would like to make it abundantly clear for the
record that the broad answer to the demise of the fish popu-
lations and the trouble they are in now is confounded between
exploitation and degradation of the environment and the
introduction of exotic species such as carp and some of
these that degrade the environment, that may be better com-
petitors for the food supply than some of our more valuable
fishes. And I want to make it abundantly clear that the
disappearance of some of these species is a combination of
several factors.
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W. L. Hartman
MR. RICHARDS: Dr. Hartman, I would like for you
to comment with reference to a statement you made that Lake
Erie is a very productive lake.
Now, I have heard many comments about the amount
of the production that is taken out by commercial fishing
and sport fishing in relationship to the production. And
these have been rather low percentages, I believe.
Now, I am repeating hearsay. I would like to
have your comment on this. And if these figures are true,
what happens to the remaining percentage that is not recovered
by commercial fishing and sport fishing? Do they die off in
old age or disease or what happens to them? And if they do,
is this a significant part of the low dissolved oxygen
situation in certain basins?
DR. HARTMAN: Well, I believe this is probably a
question out of my area of competence. I don't know what
figures you refer to in the first place.
I might make one comment and then ask if one of
our delegates might have something else to say.
The one comment is that wherever the organic pro-
duction '.eventually ends up on the levels, ultimately, much
of it is going to drop out into the bottom waters one way or
another and cause the problem you have.
Do any of the other delegates have a comment to make
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W. L. Hartman
on this question?
Mr. Carr.
MR. CARR: Are you talking about the fish that die
and then use the oxygen?
MR. RICHARDS: John, I have heard the figure of
something less than 5 percent of the production is taken
out of the lake by commercial and sport fishing and some 95
percent of that production stays someplace.
MR. CARR: In the first place, most of the produc-
tion is in terms of algae. A very small percentage gets to
the fish. And you remove a relatively small percentage of
the fish. But the fish dying themselves is very, very
insignificant. So the fish themselves, the algae production,
is 95, maybe even 99 percent.
MR. STEIN: Do you have any other comments?
DR. HARTMAN: No, I don't.
MR. STEIN: Thank you very much.
MR. PURDY: I have some questions, Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: Sorry.
MR. PURDY: Dr. Hartman, with respect to thermal
conditions, you mentioned the greatest increase in mean
annual temperatures — and then you say air and water —
occurred between 1925 and 1930. You placed a value upon the
water. Do you have a value to place in the record with
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W. L. Hartman
respect to the air temperature?
DR. HARTMAN: No, I don't, sir. And I am not sure
to what —
MR. PURDY: On page 4 of your presentation.
DR. HARTMAN: Is this the summary statement or the
statement, sir?
MR. PURDY: It is the statement on page 4.
DR. HARTMAN: Mr. Carr.
MR. CARR: It is the same. The temperature went
up 2° , and the water temperature went up 2°.
MR. PURDY: Also, you indicate that this took
place between 1925 and 1930. This morning, Mr. Harlow pre-
sented a report that indicated his 2° to 3° may have been
caused by man-made inputs to the lake. This would seem to
indicate that the man-made inputs to the lake have not had
an influence upon the temperature in the last 40 years.
Could you clarify this for me?
MR. CARR: I am John Carr with the Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor.
The 2° you are talking about came out of the Beeton
study. The rate of increase was in the 1920's. It was
based on water intake records from Erie, Pennsylvania, which
would reflect a very good mixing of the deep water in the
eastern basin. This increased water temperature directly
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W. L. Hartman
paralleled the increase in air temperature based on records
from Ontario.
Now, what Mr. Harlow was talking about was an
entirely different matter. And I am not sure that we have
any data to comment on the information that he presented
this morning.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
We had a discussion this morning with respect to
chlorides that enter into the total dissolved solids. And
you mentioned in your report the significant increases.
But yet as a summary on page 29, item #6, you point out
that this is still well below levels directly lethal to fish
and food organisms even though the solids have increased.
You point out your concern about an accelerated rate of
increase. This is worded with respect to directly lethal
to fish and food organisms.
Is there some indirect influence? And are you
concerned about the present levels if they would be maintained?
DR. HARTMAN: Yes.
Mr. Carr, our limnological expert will handle this
question.
MR. CARR: You are talking about total dissolved
solids and those other —
MR. PURDY: Yes.
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W. L. Hartman
MR. CARR: Well, we started looking at the Great
Lakes to see if they changed. The only long-range chemical
data we had were total dissolved solids, chlorides, calcium,
and a few other easily measured constituents.
Now, we only use these as indicators of change in
the Great Lakes. By no stretch of the imagination are the
levels in any of the Great Lakes approaching toxicity to any
fish that I know of. They are merely an indication that we
can change the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes are changing
and continuing to change despite 5 conferences on pollution
in the Great Lakes or six or how many there are.
That data on the chemistry is strictly an indica-
tion of change. We didn't measure mercury. We didn't
measure pesticides. But we can show since those pesticides
have been introduced, there has certainly been an increase.
MR. PURDY: Of course, there is one sort of action
that needs to be taken to not continue the rate of increase.
There is another sort of action that would need to be taken
if we had to cut back. And I am searching for an answer as
to which sort of action this board should be seeking.
MR. CARR: You mean to —
MR. PURDY: Well, is it necessary to cut back or
should we take action to hold the line with respect to total
dissolved solids?
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W. L. Hartman
MR. CARR: A personal opinion, again, the total
dissolved solids is nowhere near being toxic. I think all
we want to do is stop the increase. I don't think we have
to retreat as far as total dissolved solids unless those
total dissolved solids include mercury, DDT, and a few other
things.
MR. PURDY: In the report on page 9, speaking of
the oxygen deficits and so forth, you say the solution of
the problem merely requires that the input of nutrients be
reduced. And I am wondering if you could define for me
what you mean by nutrients. What is included there?
MR. CARR: Phosphorus. I think in most of the
studies of the Lake Erie Technical Committee, the conclu-
sions they came up with were phosphorus is the one control-
lable nutrient that could have an effect on algae production
in Lake Erie.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
I am again, now, into the area of thermal effluents.
You report that in western Lake Erie, there are discrete
spawning sites on shallow reefs. Have those spawning sites
been identified as a part of any of your studies?
DR. HARTMAN: Yes. As far as we know, the important
walleye reefs have been identified. We have thermal records
from a number of them. And most of them have been mapped,
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W. L. Hartman
sir.
MR. PURDY: We will be real interested in having
our people get together with yours and identify the sites
in the Michigan waters.
In your oral presentation, there was one word
here that you changed. And there is a significant difference
in the word in my mind. And you say in the written report,
"Such that heating discharges would severely disrupt spawn-
ing activities." In your oral presentation, you said "could."
There is quite a difference between those two words in my
mind. Which one do you believe best describes what will
take place?
DR. HARTMAN: My personal opinion is that the word
should be "would." That is not a typographical error or
verbal error. It should be "would" and we perhaps ought to
make it clear in the summary statement that that change
should be made to "would."
MR.PURDY: Thank you.
Again, on this same page in your summary statement,
you added to it. The full report mentions that you will
continue to conduct basic research and that you feel it is
the responsibility of industry and water quality agencies to
recognize and address their resources to the problem. And I
am assuming to the problem of research. But in your oral
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301
W. L. Hartraan
presentation, you included the statement that there should
be no more new thermal inputs to the lake until this had
been accomplished.
Again, this seems to be a significant departure
from the summary report. It leaves me confused as to which
one I should place the most importance upon.
MR. CARR: I believe what we mean is that there
should be no more thermal discharges to the western basin
of Lake Erie until we know what the consequences are.
MR. PURDY: Do you have in mind a program of
research? And do you believe that this research can be con-
ducted out of Lake Erie and still give us the definition that
we need as to what will happen when the thermal input is put
into Lake Erie?
MR. CARR: I think it can be done in Lake Erie.
I think the powerplants are financing the study now up in
Monroe that will give us some clue. I think the mathematical
model that Mr. Lyon was talking about should be done
immediately. I think we have enough theoretical data that
we could come with pretty good guesses on what is going to
happen to this thermal water, whether it is going to increase
the probability of thermal stratification in the western
basin, where it is going to go, and the heat loss to the
atmosphere. I think we have enough knowledge right now to
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W. L. Hartraan
come up with the answers in the very near future.
I am not talking about 30-year research plans.
I am talking about one year/ everybody get on it, and we
get it done.
MR. PURDY: Yes, I am aware of the research that
has been developed, I think in cooperation with you and with
our fish people and with members of our staff. However,
this contemplates that there will be some new thermal inputs
into the lake during this one- or 2-year research period.
And I am wondering if you are making a recommendation that
those thermal inputs ought to be stopped until the research
has been completed.
MR. CARR: I don't know who to speak for — myself
or both of us or the lab or the bureau — but I think the
answer personally is, yes, we should have that information
before the discharge is permitted.
MR. PURDY: Well, to get the effect of the heat
discharge, we have got to have some heat input to the lake.
So I find it hard to understand how we are going to get the
type of information that you are seeking unless we put some
heat in.
MR. CARR: Well, we have some thermal discharges
in certain times of the year in the Maumee River, Raisin
River. We can study those as a thermal discharge and come
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W. L. Hartman
up with some information.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further questions?
MR. PURDY: I have a couple more, Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: Oh, keep going.
MR. PURDY: On page 21, with respect to the stock-
ing of the coho, you point out that since 1870, there have
been a number of failures with respect to success in the
coho stocking program, but that in recent years, that has
met with resounding success. If we don't clarify this, this
would indicate that maybe in the 1870's we had some poor
water quality and now we have some better water quality so
that the coho stocking program can succeed. I think there
are some other factors involved here that ought to be placed
in the record so that we don't have a misunderstanding on
this point.
DR. HARTMAN: Yes, Mr.Purdy, rightly so. I think
we might establish for the sake of the record that our propa-
gation capabilities for coho salmon now and also our knowledge
about age at release and time at release and so forth have
developed to an expertise at this point where there is
greater probability of success in certain areas from stockage.
MR. PURDY: And it is not due to water quality that
it didn't succeed in the early 1900's?
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304
W. L. Hartman
DR. HARTMAN: No, sir.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
That's all, Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: Any other comment or question?
(No response.)
Mr. Carr, I have one point. And I think this is
maybe a philosophical point, but this is an essential one,
I think.
You talk in terms of allowing no more heat in
until you complete your study. And I can understand that.
You don't want to tamper with it. And you figure, given a
mathematical model, you can make a projection.
Then when you get the solids, you don't have that
attitude any more. There we are dealing with toxic levels.
If it is not toxic to fish, you are ready to let the solids
go in.
How come we don't have the same philosophy with
solids as we do with heat?
MR. CARR: Well, total dissolved solids in most
natural water, particularly in the Great Lakes, is about 99.9
percent calcium compounds, natural compounds. If you want
to talk about copper or specific elements, then I would have
a different philosophy. But simply the measure of total
dissolved solids was what I was referring to as being of
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W. L. Hartman
less concern.
MR. STEIN: Well, O.K. And this is what I want to
make clear here, I don't think the conference, I hope, is
going to be concerned about anything as vague as total dis-
solved solids because I don't know how to get at that. We
are dealing with specific sources of specific materials to
try to control them. I think other than that, we may be
tilting at windmills.
Any other comments?
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, based on this discussion
and the fact that the cycle of recognizing pollution and
doing something about it is rather long these days as we
have already found out, I would recommend to the conferees
that we give serious consideration to revising or adding a
new item.
If you remember, originally, in 1965, this con-
ference developed some 26 items. Item 16 says, "Industrial
plants are to improve practices for the segregation and
treatment of waste to effect the maximum reductions of the
following:" And then under that is listed a number of items,
And it includes item (i), Excessive heat.
I would recommend that we pull that out and write
a new conclusion regarding the introduction of heat to Lake
Erie which is designed to essentially eliminate significant
-------
306
W. L. Hartman
discharges of heat to that lake.
MR. STEIN: Well, are you prepared to do that now?
MR. LYON: Not right this moment, but I think we
should do it pretty quick.
MR. STEIN: Well, I do, too. Let me make a
suggestion. We are preparing some material, and I think
this is a very complicated question. And I hope you will
all bear with me on this.
The Department of the Interior, at least the
Assistant Secretaries for Water Quality and Research and
for Fish and Wildlife have made a recommendation on tempera-
ture in Lake Michigan. The conferees at that conference,
some of whom are represented here, have asked for a justifi-
cation. We are now preparing a so-called white paper which
will be presented.
In Lake Michigan, we are dealing with the one
Great Lake which is an American lake. If we deal with this
question of temperature in any of the other Great Lakes, as
I think we must, we are not just dealing with an American
problem, but we are dealing with an international problem.
And I think this becomes a little more sensitive in a
correlation of views than the dealing with reducing pollutants.
We can proceed on our own in pollutants because we
know, at least in a fairly rough estimate, when they started,
-------
307
W. L. Hartman
90 percent of the materials going into the lakes were
coming from the American side and not the Canadian side.
And the more we reduced, the better off we would be. But
when you are dealing with temperature, it seems to me we
need a coordinated approach.
My suggestion is this: I don't think the very
force of events is such that the problem is going to wait.
We are preparing this paper now. It should be available.
I suggest everyone take an interest in what we do in Lake
Michigan. And when that material goes out, we can apply the
lessons we have to the other Great Lakes if you want to do
them, because I suspect once we begin doing that, we are going
to have that other dimension of an international situation
which we don't have on Lake Michigan.
And it seems to me that the wisest course of
action would be try to take the first step, at least, until
we clarify our thinking in the area where you may not be
directly concerned, but in an area which is exclusively
within the United States jurisdiction. I think that would
be the most logical approach and the fastest way to arrive
at solutions to this problem.
MR. LYON: When do you think that will be available?
MR. STEIN: It should be available by the end of
this month. At least, the paper will be available. And
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308
W. L. Hartman
whether you get to it or not, we hope you or a representa-
tive can get to the discussion, but I think you would have
pretty good views when you read the paper whether you agree
with it or do not agree with the rationale.
MR. LYON: Could it be arranged to have the con-
ferees get copies of that?
MR. STEIN: Oh, certainly. I am sure when we
prepare that document, it is going to be one of those best
seller operations because I don't think it is just the con-
ferees. But I think the power industry and press and all
the others will want copies of that throughout the country.
And this will obviously be made available to all.
Well, are there any other comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, thank you very much, gentlemen.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Stein, one question that doesn't
relate to the presentation here, but a comment by Mr. Mayo
relative to the $20 million authorization in Public Law
91-224.
We have a couple of projects in the State of
Michigan. They are interested in making applications for
this money. It is my understanding that at the present
time there has been authorization, but no money appropriated.
Is this correct?
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309
Arthur H. Cratty
MR. MAYO: That is correct. The appropriation
would have to be embodied in the Appropriation Bill for
fiscal 1971.
MR. PURDY: Now, following along that line and
the likelihood that maybe some money might be available in
this for the modeling program that Mr. Lyon talked about,
has a request for this $20 million be made by the Adminis-
tration?
MR. MAYO: Yes, there was a preliminary request.
I am not sure of the exact amount. I understand it is in
the range of about $10 million. A program for the utiliza-
tion of those funds is currently under consideration. And
the invitation is out to conferees to make whatever recom-
mendations they feel are consistent with the purposes of
Section 15 for inclusion as part of the justification for
the appropriation of funds.
MR. PURDY: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, Mr. Mayo, would you continue?
MR. MAYO: The next Federal agency presentation
will be in behalf of the Department of Agriculture, it
will be presented by Mr. Earl Terpstra, the Planning Staff
Leader, Soil Conservation Service, Lansing, Michigan.
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310
A. H. Cratty
STATEMENT OF ARTHUR H. CRATTY
COMMISSIONER, AGRICULTURE
GREAT LAKES BASIN COMMISSION,
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN
AS READ BY EARL A. TERPSTRA
MR. TERPSTRA: Chairman Stein, conferees, ladies
and gentlemen, I am very happy to be here today to present
this statement for the United States Department of Agricul-
ture by Arthur H. Cratty, Commissioner, Agriculture, Great
Lakes Basin Commission, Lansing, Michigan.
This statement will deal specifically with the
problems and needs of the Lake Erie Basin with regard to
pollutants.
The United States side of Lake Erie has been
studied and the amount of sediment contribution has been
identified by hydrologic units.
The total amount of sediment delivered to Lake
Erie from the United States is estimated to be in excess of
2.7 million tons per year. Sheet erosion accounts for 94
percent, streambank erosion contributes more than 1.0
percent, urban construction areas about 4.0 percent, and
less than 1.0 percent is supplied by roadside erosion.
Exhibit 1, Mr. Chairman, summarizes the various
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311
A. H. Cratty
sediment sources by hydrologic units and their totals for
the U. S. side of the basin. Exhibit 2 shows the Lake Erie
Basin divided into hydrologic units and a graphical repre-
sentation of sediment contributions by river systems. These
data are preliminary and subject to revision but illustrate
the relative intensities of sediment production.
In the United States portion of the Lake Erie
Basin, there are approximately 7,500,000 acres of cropland
of which approximately 4,300,000 acres have been adequately
treated to control erosion.
Significant progress has been made to reduce sedi-
ment pollution with the ongoing programs of USDA and others.
For example, 2,300,000 acres are in conservation crop rota-
tions, 53,000 acres of contouring have been applied, 8,300
acres of grass waterways have been installed and 61,000
acres are installed as strip cropping. A total of 73 miles
of terraces, 109 miles of field windbreaks, 89 miles of
streambank protection, and 690 miles of hedgerow plantings
have been installed. Tree plantings totaling 146,000 acres
and pasture and hayland planting of 217,000 acres have been
accomplished. Construction of 1,500 grade stabilization
structures and 9,700 farm ponds has been completed. About
74,000 acres of cropland have been converted to grassland
and 23,000 acres of woodland. Crop residue management has
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312
A. H. Cratty
been applied to 740,000 acres and minimum tillage to 380,000
acres. All of these practices provide erosion and sedimenta-
tion control.
The U. S. Department of Agriculture has two new
pollution reduction practices. One of these practices is
reducing pollution of water by farm wastes. It applies to
barnyards, feedlots, milkrooms and other farm areas from
which runoff constitutes an actual or potential pollution
hazard. The other practice is controlling sedimentation.
This practice is applicable to critical areas on farms adjacent
to streams, ponds, and lakes which are subject to erosion
and which constitute significant pollution hazards* Both
practices are eligible for cost-sharing assistance from the
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service. Techni-
cal assistance is available from the Soil Conservation Ser-
vice.
Good land use and conservation practices serve to
reduce the amounts of nutrients supplied to watercourses by
farms and feedlots.
The best way to reduce erosion and sedimentation
are continuation of programs such as conservation crop
rotations, crop residue management and minimum tillage
practices with pasture and hayland plantings on crop produc-
ing areas. Other practices such as plantings of trees,
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313
A. H. Cratty
hedgerows and grassed waterways and structural measures/
including grade stabilization structures and farm ponds
serve as excellent control measures. The application of
P.L. 566 projects to provide management on a watershed basis
is highly effective for erosion and sediment pollution con-
trol. Municipal erosion and sediment problems are primarily
due to construction in developing areas. The control measures
for agricultural lands are applicable to these urban areas
also. The new publication Community Action Guidebook for
Soil Erosion and Sediment Control by the National Association
of Counties Research Foundation provides an excellent guide
for establishment of action groups and control measures. A
copy of this guidebook is in each Soil Conservation Service
office. USDA is pleased to have had a part in developing
these guidelines.
It is evident from the information presented that
an accelerated land treatment and sediment control program
would significantly reduce sediment delivery to Lake Erie.
The implementation of such a program will require cooperative
efforts of Federal, State and local governmental units and
individual landowners. The USDA does not have jurisdiction
over private lands. It must be emphasized therefore that
carrying out these practices through USDA programs is voluntary
on the part of landowners and community or State action groups.
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314
A. H. Cratty
I can assure you that those USDA agencies (Forest
Service, Soil Conservation Service, Agricultural Stabiliza-
tion and Conservation Service) having programs related to
land use are directing their efforts to reducing pollution
by sediment within authorities and resources available to
them.
The conferees, I'm sure, are aware that USDA
recently suspended the registration of liquid formulations
of the weed killer, 2,4,5-T for use around the home and on
lakes, ponds, and ditch banks.
The USDA is firmly on record as an active partici-
pant in eliminating pollution of our land, water, and air.
Mr. Chairman, this concludes my report.
MR. STEIN: Without objection, the Exhibits 1 and 2
will appear in the record as if read.
(Exhibits 1 and 2 attached to the statement
follow.)
-------
l,akf;i i.;?'ie Basin (U.S, Poi^tion)
315
Estimated A"(""'O•>•;;(-' Annual Sediment Deposition
H_L3Jse_-£r»-i ?_1)y..lJ^.di'.oI-.Qg.ic_ Units - _Tons per year;
(Preliminary)
Unit
Black River
St. Clair Complex
Clinton River
Rouge Rivor
Huron River
Sv;an Creek Complex
Raisin River
Maurree River
Toussaint-Portage Complex
Sandusky River
Huron-Vermillion Complex
Black-Rocky Complex
Cuyahoga
Chagrin Complex
Ashtabula-Conneaut
Erie-Chautauqua
Chattaragus
Tonawanda Complex
;^]0»:t I./
'-52,600
2?, 2 00
=$8,500
J 07, 600
57,1100
58,300
.1 16,200
1 ,159,000
111,900
22 -i, 7 00
214,000
119,100
18^,000
28,500
15,300
50, MOO
16,700
'i'l, 800
2,!,.] U.'iUO
9M
I
Stream-
bank 2/
1,400
1,300
1,500
1,400
1,600
700
2,800
7,000
2,100
2,300
2,000
1,900
1,600
1,000
700
1,600
1,300
3,200
36,800
1.0+
rosion So
Urban 3/
_
-
8,000
22,000
6,000
-
-
13,000
-
-
-
9,000
16,000
8,000
-
8,000
-
17,000
107,000
4.0-
urce
Roadside 4/
21,000
21,000
1.0-
___ lQtal_
34,000
23,500
48,000
131,000
65,000
59,000
119,000
*1,179,000
114,000
* 226,000
216,000
130,000
* 200,600
37,500
16,000
60,000
18,000
55,000
21,000
2,775,100
100
Basin Total
Percent of Total
* Measured USGS Data.
\_/ Based on an average annual rate computed from conservation needs data
by soil resource areas, Pe.Hvery ratios applied based upon drainage
area size averages.
2_/ Based upon average erosion role of 27 tons per square mile found in
recent streaiibank erosion utnJy, Delivery ratio applied.
_3/ From special evaluation ul i.rban erosion, Great Lakes Basin Framework
Study. Deliver-/ rdtiu.s np, ! ied.
_4/ Based upon recent raudsidu ci-osion study in Wisconsin. Delivery
ratios applied.
Exhibit 1
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316
Exhibit 2
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317
A. H. Cratty
MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?
MR. MAYO: I have a couple of questions, Mr.
Chairman.
In looking at the figures in the Exhibits 1 and 2,
it is certainly apparent that the principal source of sedi-
ments is from sheet erosion. And certainly the single
largest source in the drainage basin context is contributed
from the Maumee River.
MR. TERPSTRA: Correct, Mr. Mayo.
MR. MAYO: I wonder if you could make some obser-
vation for us about the significance of current tillage
practices in the Maumee or other tributary drainage basins
to the amounts of sediment that are showing up in the form
of sheet erosion?
MR. TERPSTRA: Increased emphasis on the practice
of minimum tillage, zero tillage — in other words, not
plowing, harrowing the soil -- will tend to decrease the
sheet erosion rates as will such practices as strip cropping.
MR. MAYO: Would you venture the observation that
a major change in tillage practices in the Maumee River
Basin would significantly reduce sediment erosion?
MR. TERPSTRA: Yes, I feel this is correct, sir.
MR. MAYO: Has Agriculture either through SCS or the
ASCS program focused on this tillage practice problem in
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318
A. H. Cratty
the Maumee, for instance?
MR. TERPSTRA: Yes, sir. As the paper indicated,
since there is a voluntary program, all our efforts are
directed in this direction. We seem to be gaining ground.
At times, it does seem like we have got a long way to go.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle.
MR. EAGLE: I would like to elaborate on that a
little further. I don't think you brought out this point.
One of the reasons for the higher contribution in the Maumee
is because about 99.9 percent of the land is under cultiva-
tion, whereas this is not true in the other basins. And I
don't think the practices are any worse or any better probably
than any other basin, but it is the fact that such a high
percentage of this land is under cultivation.
MR. TERPSTRA: A very good point.
MR. MAYO: The point of my inquiry, Mr. Eagle, was
not to be critical unnecessarily, but rather to bring out
the point that the major part of the sediment load for Lake
Erie apparently is the direct consequence of current tillage
practices in the Maumee River Basin. And these are prac-
tices that certainly are capable of being changed.
MR. EAGLE: That's right.
MR. MAYO: I don't know offhand what relationship
tilling practices may have to productivity or agricultural
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319
A. H. Cratty
income. But on the surface, at least, certainly it warrants
taking a very good look at how we might be able to effect a
significant level of improvement, both in the Maumee River
and in Lake Erie proper, by a major change in tillage prac-
tices in the Maumee River Basin.
MR. EAGLE: Yes. And I would like to elaborate
on that a little bit. And I would like to be critical
even though you didn't want to be-
I think this is a very excellent report. And at
least the agricultural people have recognized this problem
and are attempting to do something about it. But yet it is
still a voluntary program. And I think that probably so far
as deterioration of Lake Erie is concerned, the sediment
runoff contributions are equally as important, if maybe not
more important, than the man-made contributions. And I
think it is high time, at least, we make recommendations
that some kind of a mandatory program be exercised in this
area.
And the know-how is available to cut down these
sediment contributions very, very materially. And it seems
to me that agriculture has to get on the same bandwagon as we
have with municipalities and industries that are being forced
to reduce these wastes — these contributions. And I think
that this group certainly should go on record as favoring
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320
A. H. Cratty
some kind of Federal legislation, State legislation, and so
on down the line, to require certain things to be done.
MR. MAYO: As an additional comment, Mr. Eagle,
certainly one of the approaches that may be open for explora-
tion would recognize that while Agriculture does not have
any regulatory authority with regard to tillage practices and
may never have such an authority as far as Federal legisla-
tion is concerned, but if we can once recognize that a
particular practice is detrimental to a particular element
of the environment, certainly it would not be unreasonable
to look at the question of eligibility for the Department of
Agriculture on the farm assistance programs if, on the one
hand, the farmer is participating in the practice that is
resulting in a significant sediment problem.
So that while it may not be practical to try to
regulate the tillage practice directly, it may be appropriate
to explore the question of eligibility for other assistance
programs if undesirable tillage practices are being employed.
MR. EAGLE: I believe those are available now.
I believe those are already available under the Soil Con-
servation Service for the most part.
MR. MAYO: I know that the assistance is available,
but if we are concerned about sediment as a consequence of
deep tillage practices is an undesirable activity, maybe it
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321
A. H. Cratty
is not inappropriate to suggest that a farmer who is engaging
in tillage practices that result in increased sediment run-
off should not be eligible for certain kinds of assistance
programs.
MR. STEIN: I would like to point out, one, we do
have regulatory authority right in the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act. Various wastes were attempted to be
exempted in the legislative proposals before the Congress.
One of them, Mr. Eagle, you may recall, was radioactive
waste. But we proceeded against radioactive material. Another
was agricultural wastes. Both of these exemptions were speci-
fically rejected by the Congress.
Now, right in Mr. Terpstra's paper, he talks about
particular pollution in certain areas which are apt to con-
tain more pollutants than others such as barnyards, feedlots,
milkrooras, and other farm areas. I think we have announced
that very shortly we will hold a hearing on the first 180-
day notice issued against a feedlot. So we are proceeding
against them.
Now, I know possibly, Mr. Terpstra, I am talking
to the convertant here when I talk to you. And I think you
have done a magnificent job because we have been trying to
get something like this from the Department of Agriculture
for years. And you and your group and the Soil Conservation
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322
A. II. Cratty
Service need to be commended. This is the first breakthrough
we have had. However, I think, sir, this is just the begin-
ning. We have attempted again and again — and I think you
have indicated it — to try to get the amount of fertilizer
put on the land from a feedlot, a barnyard, a milkroom or
other farm areas where runoff constitutes an actual or
potential pollution hazard, to determine the phosphate
runoff, the insecticides and pesticides, so we would look
at them in the same way. When you ask, "Why don't you look
for toxic substances" and not know where they are, you should
know what goes in so you know what to look for. If we can't
get these specifics laid out, we are going to be in a bad
spot.
Now, I think our Assistant Secretary, Secretary
Klein, has said he figures with all the slippage and the
problems you might see here, we are getting industrial
cooperation. We are on our way with programs to clean up
industry. That's two-thirds of the problem. The one-third
we are really deficient in going after is from the agricul-
tural wastes that are running off the lands.
Now, this is what I would like to do, just to go
back to your table; for example, in Exhibit 1, you talk in
terms of sheet runoff, streambank runoff and urban runoff.
The question here is: Is there a difference in the
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323
A. H. Cratty
concentration or the pollutants contained, for example,
in sheet runoff or urban runoff? I don't know what the
answer to this question is, really. I am just asking the
question.
We have this large figure on sediments deposited
in the Maumee River Basin. I know they are solids. But
the figure is over one million. Then when you go to an
urban source in the Rouge River area or the Tonawanda
complex, we get much lower figures — 22,000, 17,000 — as
compared with these million figures. I am not sure that the
concentration of pollutants may be such that these 22,000
may be significant figures.
I think we are all looking for the same thing.
This is what we are looking for. I think Mr. Eagle made a
very perceptive remark when he contended that the Maumee
River had gotten the prize here because that was the place
that was cultivated. But looking down your list, in talking
about urban runoffs, you come up with the conclusion that
the high ones are the Rouge River, the Huron River, the
Maumee River, the Black Rocky complex, Cuyahoga, Erie
Chattanooga and the Tonawanda. This is expected, because
this is where we have the centers of urban activity.
When we talk about the problem, I don't think we
should point our finger just at the farmer, because it may
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324
A. H. Cratty
be from a regulatory, management point of view much easier
to control this urban runoff than the thousands of acres
you have to control to get the sheet runoff. And this, again,
is what we don't know — that your urban runoff or the
streambank runoff may contain different characteristics or
there may be certain areas in the river basin where you
have large concentrations. And if we clean those up, you
would really hit pay dirt.
May I just go off this and give you another example?
One of our big problems in the Colorado River Basin is
chlorides or salts, as you might know, coming into the Colo-
rado. We have several sources in the Colorado. But one of
these sources is the natural salt springs. We have identified
about 20 of them. And we figure — and I don't want to be
held to this — for about $5 million you can clean up those
salt springs, picking selected spots in that tremendous
Colorado Basin, which you know is 1400 miles of mainstream
and 6 tributaries and 7 States. And if you go into 20
specific places and you just concentrate on those and you
plug those salt springs and salt wells, you will have
reduced that salt tremendously.
Now, what I am suggesting and asking again — and
again taking your work — if we could go back to the
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325
A. H. Cratty
Department of Agriculture and get those places where we have
a high incidence of pollution and concentrate on these first.
Again, let me give you one more example. This is about the
experience we went through with the Corps of Engineers
with the disposal of the dredgings. I think we and the Corps
agreed that the ones that had top priority were the real
polluted dredgings that had to be handled first.
Now, what we are trying to do and we haven't been
able to do and I ask you — is it at all possible for the
Department of Agriculture to devote its attention to giving
us its analysis of where the real polluted sediment is coming
from and the places that really contain the pollutants, so we
and you and the States can get together and set up a system
of priorities to get at this program? I really ask you that
urgently. The reason I am asking you that is that I
think you have demonstrated you have made a magnificent
start here. I hope you continue working with us on this.
MR. SEEBALD: Mr. Stein, I would assume that your
definition of pollution includes those high in nutrients
also.
MR. STEIN: Yes.
MR. SEEBALD: This is an important factor that
ordinarily escapes.
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326
A. H. Cratty
MR. STEIN: That's right. I am sorry. Maybe I
slipped over that. I thought I said it first. We were
trying to get where they put the fertilizer down; get the
nutrients.
I said when I talked earlier about this during
the noon break that these aren't toxic materials compared
to the insecticides and pesticides. Nitrogen and phosphorus
may be benign, but its effect on the lake may be horrible
in any event. So we would want both the content of the
fertilizers and the content of the insecticides, pesticides,
and other toxic materials. I believe the Department of
Agriculture — and I won't quarrel with your definition now
— calls these in your professional jargon'economic poisons,"
but that is what we are interested in — what they are and
where they are applied and what about them.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman, I would like to make an
observation. We have been talking about this for 5 years
now. And to my recollection — I may be wrong about this —
we never had a high official in the U. S. Department of
Agriculture to come here and talk to us and make any com-
mitment with regard to what their program is on this. And
I think it is high time that we have such an official from
the Department of Agriculture to come here and outline the
Federal program.
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327
A. H. Cratty
MR. STEIN: Sir, give me the privilege of going
off the record.
(Discussion off the record.)
MR. STEIN: Let's go back on the record.
Any other comments or questions?
MR. EAGLE: I was misled by his title here. He
has both titles.
MR. STEIN: Thank you very much.
MR. MAYO: Mr. Chairman, the only remaining
Federal presentation is the mercury report which in keep-
ing with your opening remarks you suggested be held for
the closing statement. We would just defer making that
report until later in the conference program.
MR. STEIN: I think we should give the States
an opportunity to answer the Federal reports. And if we
get off on this mercury program, it may be lost.
Let's take a 10-minute recess. And when we
return, Michigan will make its presentation.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
MR. STEIN: Let's reconvene.
Mr. Mayo, do you have anything to say before we
conclude the Federal Government presentation?
MR. MAYO: We have some representatives here from
the Corps of Engineers who, while they don't have a specific
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328
F. B. Frost
statement to make, will be available for questions as we
proceed with the conference.
MR. STEIN: We will now turn to Michigan. Mr.
Purdy, will you take over?
MR. PURDY: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Chairman, I would like to acknowledge being
joined here by Mr. Vogt who is chairman of the Water
Resources Commission and also director of the Division of
Engineering, Michigan Department of Public Health.
I would like to call upon Mr. Frost, the Chief
Engineer of the Water Resources Commission, now, to present
the State report.
STATEMENT OF FRANCIS B. FROST
CHIEF ENGINEER
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
MR. FROST: Mr. Chairman, conferees, ladies and
gentlemen, my name is Francis B. Frost. I am Chief Engineer
of Michigan Water Resources Commission.
Michigan has a prepared statement, and I am sure
you have a copy of it, Mr. Chairman. I intend to briefly
review this report. And with the exception of the data
contained in Appendix A, I do not intend to go through all
of the data in the remaining appendices unless required or
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329
F. B. Frost
asked. I would ask, however, the entire report be made a
part of the conference record.
MR. STEIN: Without objection, the entire report
will be entered into the conference record as if read.
(The above-referred to report follows in its
entirety.)
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330
FOR THE RECONVENED CONFERENCE
SIXTH SESSION
ON
DILUTION OF THE INTERSTATE AND OHIO INTRASTATE
WATERS OF LAKE ERIE AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
(INDIANA-MICHIGAN-NEW YORK-OHIO-PENNSYLVANIA)
CALLED BY
WALTER J. HICKEL
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
STARTING JUNE 3, 1970
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
ON BEHALF OF
THE
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
MAY 1970
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331
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
JOHN E. VOGT, Chairman, representing the Director, Department of Public Health
STANLEY QUACKENBUSH, Vice Chairman, representing the Director, Department
of Agriculture
GERALD E. EDDY, representing the Director, Department of Natural Resources
JOHN P. WOODFORD, representing the State Highway Commission
GEORGE F. LIDDLE, Muskegon, representing Municipal Groups
JOHN H. KITCHEL, Grand Haven, representing Conservation Groups
JIM GILMORE, Kalamazoo, representing Industrial Management Groups
RALPH W. PURDY
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
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332
PURPOSE
At the reconvened conferences in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1966; in
Buffalo, New York in 1967; and again in Cleveland in 1968 and 1969, the
Michigan Water Resources Commission reviewed the pollution control
program that had been developed to abate pollution and enhance the Michigan
waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries. The reports outlined how Michigan,
in 1965, had established water quality goals for the Detroit River and
Michigan waters of Lake Erie and how a voluntary pollution abatement
program had been formed with the cooperation of industries and munic-
ipalities. The reports further set down the effluent restrictions and
treatment facility construction time schedules required to achieve the
desired water quality goals. Finally, the reports described the
water quality, surveillance and effluent monitoring programs that have
been established by the Michigan Water Resources Commission.
This report wil1 reviewsthe compliance status of the previously
approved abatement programs and time schedules and wfH->presents
information on recent pollution control activities affecting water quality
in Michigan's waters of Lake Erie.
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333
UNDER
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL COMPLIANCE STATUS
Appendix A lists the current performance status of the industrial
plants and municipal units which have stipulations with the Michigan Water
Resources Commission to control their waste discharges to the Detroit River
and Lake Erie.
Appendix B lists the Michigan industries and municipalities which
have discharges in Michigan's portion of the Lake Erie-Detroit River Basin
and indicates those which have nutrient discharges that affect Lake Erie
water quality. There are essentially no industries which presently discharge
nutrients to the Detroit River or Lake Erie without prior treatment or
partial removal. In accordance with Michigan's approved interstate standards
plan of implementation, all affected units of government will be expected to
accomplish phosphorus removal by June 1, 1977 at the latest. Earlier
compliance dates are being required of most of these governmental units.
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Michigan has adopted water quality standards and designated uses for all
of its intrastate waters and interstate waters. The Federal government has
approved these standards with the exception of temperature standards for
fish, wildlife and other aquatic life for interstate waters. Revised
thermal standards were the subject of a public hearing held on March 19, 1970.
IN REGARD TO THE
CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
In June 1969, the Michigan State Legislature passed legislation to im-
plement the $285 million bond program for construction of municipal wastewater
treatment plants. The bond money will enable communities to receive grants
up to 55 percent of the cost of construction of treatment works and intercepting
sewers. This is divided into a 25 percent outright state grant, a 25 percent
state advance of anticipated future Federal funds and an expected 5 percent
Federal grant. An additional $50 million bond issue was approved by Michigan
voters for construction of collecting sewers, and implementing legislation was
passed in July 1969. Michigan has recognized its commitment by assisting its
communities in financing needed treatment facilities and by advancing state
bond moneys for anticipated Federal funds. It is requiring local units to
provide the remaining funds with the assurance that their advanced share will
be reimbursed by future Federal moneys before the state receives reimbursement.
A priority list of projects has been developed and has been approved by
the Commission and the Legislature. At each monthly meeting of the Commission
a report is presented which lists changes in the status of grant offers
and developments since the previous month's meeting and summarizes all action
to date. The report submitted at the May 1970 meeting is included in Appendix C.
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334
WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE OF THE MICHIGAN WATERS OF LAKE ERIE AND ITS
TRIBUTARIES
The water quality surveillance program established by Michigan was
described in detail to the conferees at Buffalo in 1967. The sampling and
testing of the Detroit River and Lake Erie at 72 locations is continuing and
the data obtained from 1966-1969 is available in a report published in
January 1970 entitled, "Water Quality Surveillance Program, Detroit River-
Lake Erie." Similar data for the 88 municipal and industrial waste discharges
along the Detroit, Rouge, Huron and Raisin rivers will be published in June
1970. This report will include all 1969 data and a summary of the 1968 data.
The water quality monitoring of Great Lakes tributary streams was
initiated by the Water Resources Commission in May 1955 to obtain background
radioactivity information. The monitoring program has since been expanded
to its present level of 46 stations located throughout the state. In 1969
eight of these stations were located in Detroit River, Lake Erie or their
tributaries. The results of the 1969 sampling of these stations are presented
in Appendix D.
Beginning in 1963 the monitoring program was expanded to obtain a variety
of background data on the quality of water flowing into the Great Lakes
and connecting waters via the principal watersheds in Michigan's Lower Peninsula.
The specific objectives of the program are to determine long-term trends in the
chemical, physical and bacteriological characteristics of these tributaries.
The monitoring stations are located as close as possible to the mouths of
the drainage basins and below all known sources of waste. Three such stations
are tributary to the Detroit River or Lake Erie. A summary of results of
analyses of the samples collected at these stations and from the Ecorse River
in 1969 are presented in Appendix E.
Beginning in 1967 the Commission inaugurated a program of sampling of
raw water from the Great Lakes. Samples are collected annually from water
treatment plant intakes. The intent of the program is to establish existing
water quality and to indicate long-term changes in water quality. Four intakes
are located in the Detroit River or Lake Erie. The results of analyses of the
samples collected at these stations in 1969 are presented in Appendix F.
In addition to the program conducted by the Water Resources Commission,
the Michigan Department of Public Health requires that each water treatment
plant submit monthly operating reports which contain results of physical, chemical
and bacteriological tests which are made on the raw water supply. The two
programs supplement each other and furnish fairly complete documentation of
the water quality at water intakes.
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335
The Michigan Water Resources Commission conducts an annual summer
sampling program of Michigan's Great Lakes coastline surface waters. The
program, initiated in 1965, is designed to provide bacteriological data during
the summer recreation and vacation season of June to September. Twenty-two
of these sampling points are located on Lake Erie or the Detroit River,
Appendix G presents a summary of the 1969 data collected at these stations.
In conjunction with the existing program for monitoring the bacterial quality,
a program was started in 1969 to collect qualitative and quantitative algal data
from the coastline surface waters during the summer recreation season. Chemical
and physical analyses of water samples were collected concurrently with the
algal samples. The data that was collected in 1969 at the eight stations
located on Lake Erie or the Detroit River is presented in Appendix H.
Part of Michigan's plan of implementation for protection of interstate
waters was to establish a long-range surveillance program on these waters.
In addition to the previously mentioned annual sampling of water intakes, the
interstate river basins are sampled near Michigan's borders and above and below
possible problem areas. These locations are sampled twice a year, once during
a high flow period and once during a low flow period. Two such basins are
tributary to Lake Erie, the Maurnee River basin and the tributaries to North
Maumee Bay. The results of analyses of the samples collected in these two basins
in 1969 are presented in Appendix I.
In 1969 a comprehensive survey of the water quality in the Ecorse River,
a tributary of the Detroit River, was conducted by the staff of the Commission.
The results of this survey and a concurrent survey by the Michigan Department
of Public Health have been published in August 1969 in a report entitled
"Ecorse River Water Quality Study, May-July 1969". Further investigations
are in progress to correct problems in this basin.
DAJA-PRQCESSING
The Michigan Water Resources Commission has began a data storage and
retrieval system which employs the Federal Water Quality Administration's
STORET system cf data handling. The data gathered in the regular monitoring
and surveillance programs described in the preceding paragraphs have been,
or soon will be placed in STORET. In addition to STORET, Michigan is developing
a system to provide monthly control of industrial and municipal performance
activities with file maintenance provided through the use of special
computer programs.
THERMAL MONITORING
Staff of the Commission have conducted investigations of major sources
of thermal inputs to the Great Lakes in the last two years, including most
of the power plants that discharge to Lake Erie or the Detroit River. Additional
surveys and resurveys will be conducted in the summer of 1970. The data will
be made available in published form.
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336
Industries with significant thermal discharges are being required
(in new Orders of Determination) to conduct pre and post operative surveys
in the vicinity of their discharges. Several of the power plants that
discharge to Lake Erie or the Detroit River have employed technical staff
or have engaged consultants to conduct investigations.
WITH REGARD TO
PESTICIDE MONITORING
A Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (now Federal Water
Quality Administration) grant for $40,000 was awarded to the Water Resources
Commission on October 1, 1969 for pesticide monitoring of the Michigan portion
of the Great Lakes basin. Staff has been hired and the laboratory enlarged
and improved to implement this program.
In the Lake Erie-Detroit River basin, monthly water and sediment samples will
be collected at four locations, biological monitoring with clams will be
conducted approximately four times annually at these locations and water samnles
will be collected annually from two water intakes.
REGARDING
DUCK MORTALITY STUDIES
Continued interest in preventing waterfowl mortalities in the Detroit River
area dictated the continuation of studies initiated in the winter of 1967-68.
Random samples of ducks were again collected in two general areas on the
Detroit River during the winter months of 1968-69.
Autopsies were performed and feathers were analyzed for the presence of
foreign oil accumulations. It is hoped that this program wil'I provide
further insight to the wintering problems of these waterfowl and give further
direction in preventing winter mortalities in this area.
REGARDING
CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM WATERCRAFT
As previously reported, the Michigan Water Resources Commission in
January 1968 adopted rules and regulations to control pollution from marine
toilets on watercraft. The rules do not allow the macerator-chlorinator and
do authorize the use of holding tanks or incinerators. The rules became
effective January 1, 1970. Private marina operators are installing pump-out
stations and treatment facilities where needed and the Michigan Waterways
Commission has accelerated its program to provide similar facilities at
state harbors of refuge on the Great Lakes.
IN THE MATTER OF
MANDATORY CERTIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS
Act 209, Public Acts of 1968, requires that all industrial or commercial
establishments discharging liquid wastes into the waters of the state shall
have waste treatment facilities under the specific supervision of persons who
have been certified by the Water Resources Commission as properly qualified to
operate the facilities. It further requires that monthly operating reports
shall be filed with the Commission showing the effectiveness of the treatment
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337
facility operation and the quantity of the wastes discharged. The Commission
has set January 1, 1971 as the date the Act becomes effective. The first
examination of operators will be held on September 9, 1970. The rules
of certification are contained in Appendix J.
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338
APPENDIX A
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL PERFORMANCE
STATUS
-------
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE INDUSTRY STIPULATION
DATES FOR COMPLIANCE
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
339
Industry
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stipulation No.
Date
Adopted
or
Retain
Initiate
Submit Detailed
Preliminary PIans Submit
Engine- and Detailed
enng Specif- Speci f-
Revised Engineers Report ications ications
Arrange Initiate Complete
Finan- Const- Const-
cing ruction ruction
Allied jhemical Corporation
Semet Solvay Division, Stip- 00006 4-5-66
Detroit
Solvay Process Division, Stip. 00024 5-13-66
Detroit
4-1-66
11-1-66
4-1-67 Facilities in operation.
Performance has been variable,
Improved operational
procedures being undertaken
by the Company. Under revaluation
4-1-68 The company has ceased
operations at this location.
American Cement Corporation
Peerless Cement Stip. 00016
Division, Detroit
Jefferson St. Plant
Peerless Cement Stip. 11)i^
Division, Detroit
Brennan St. Plant
5-5-66
5-1-66
5-1-67 In compliance.
2-1-71 Additional treatment
facilities under construction.
Consolidated Packaging Corporation
North Side Plant, Stip, 00033
Monroe
South Side Plant,
Monroe
Stip. 00012
5-23-66
1-3-67
1-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
1-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
1-1-69 The Company has entered into
12-1-70 a contract for secondary
6-1-71 treatment of wastes in the
Monroe municipal metro-
politan treatment plant.
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as for
the city of Monroe. See
comments under City of Monroe.
1-1-69 The Company has entered into
12-1-70 a contract for secondary
6-1-71 treatment of wastes in the
Monroe municipal metro-
politan treatment plant.
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as for
the City of Monroe. See
comments under City of Monroe.
Darling and Company,
Melvindale
Stip. 00044
5-13-66
3-26-68
11-1-66
11-1-67 Compliance is being
9-1-69 obtained through the use
of an interim aerated lagoon.
E. I. duPont deNemours
and Company V'ltnc !
Industrial and Bio-
chemical Division,
Ecorse
Stip. 00019
4-1-67
The company has ceased
operation at this location.
FTi res tone Tire and Rubber
Company
Firestone Steel Stip 00020
Products, Division,
Riverview
11-1-66
The company has entered into
a contract to have spent pickle
liquor removed from the plant
and no longer discharges this
material to the Detroit River.
In compliance.
u
-------
Industry
Ford Motor Company
Monroe Plant
Rouge Plant
other than iron
and suspended
solids
i ron
(in pickling acid)
suspended solids
(including iron
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stipulation No.
Stip. 00005
Stip. 00030
Date
Adopted
or
Revised
3-28-66
5-17-66
Submit
Preliminary
Engine-
Retain ering
Engineers Report
Initiate
Detailed
Plans
and
Specif-
ications
Submit
Detailed
Specif-
ications
12-1-66
Arrange Initiate Complete
Finan- Const- Const-
cing ruction ruction
+24 months
2-15-69
340
Remerks
In compliance.
f. 0. 1369
5-20-70
7-15-70
10-1-66
3-1-67
3-1-67
11-15-70
+17 months In compliance to a certain
1-1-69 degree (see phenol ref-
erence below).
+24 months Conversion to hydrochloric
4-27-69 acid steel pickling lines
with all spent liquor
returned to the supplier
has eliminated most
dissolved iron discharges
from this plant.
1-15-71 11-15-71
National Steel Corporation.
Great Lakes Steel Division'
Steel Rolling Mill, Stip. 00023
Ecorse
other than acid and
iron
other than acid
and iron, No. 3
slabbing mil 1
acid and iron
5-17-66
12-10-69
12-10-69
9-17-69
4-1-67
11-1-66
10-1-67
12-1-67
+27 months Surveillance data of 1969
6-1-69 identified two waste outlets
discharging suspended solids
(including iron solids) and
phenol in excess of
Stipulation limits. Comm-
ission declared Company in
default of Stipulation and
adopted a Final Order of
Determination on May 20,
1970, requiring full
compliance by November 15, 1971.
4-1-68
11-30-71
10-1-68
11-30-71
4-1-69
1-1-70
In partial compliance.
Corrections underway to
eliminate discharge of
soluble oils.
I" compliance.
80" Hot Strip Mill, Stip. 00008
River Rouge
4-5-66
11-1-66
As of April 2, 1970 the
Company ceased its
discharges of waste
pickling acid to the Detroit
River It is now sent
to the City of Detroit
for use in its phosphorus
removal program. In
comol lance.
4-1-68 In compliance.
Blast Furnace,
River Rouge
HcLouth Steel
Corporation, Trenton
Stip. 00028
Stip. 00018
5-13-66
4-5-66
9-1-70
11-1-66
5-1-71
4-1-68 In partial compliance.
5-1-72 Additional facilities under
construction to reduce
excessive solids.
4-1-68 In compliance. Cyanide
discharges, not covered
by the Stipulation, are
under investigation.
Mobil Oil Company, Stip. 00017 4-5-66
Trenton
Monsanto Company
Trenton Plant Stip. 00025 5-13-66
Trenton Resin Plant Stip. 00011 3-30-66
Pennwalt Chemicals
Corporation
East Plant, Myandotte Stip. 00014 4-5-66
West Plant, Riverview Stip. 00013 4-5-66
11-1-67
11-1-66
9-1-67
4-1-67
12-1-67
11-1-66
11-1-66
11-1-67
11-1-69
4-1-68
9-1-68
11-1-68
4-1-68
4-1-68
In compliance. Phenols,
not covered by the
Stipulation, are under
investigation.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In cp"inliance.
Revere Copper and B^ass
Inc.. OetroTt
Scott Paper Company
for BOD
Stip. 00029
Stip. 00036
5-13-66
11-4-66
1-1-69
1-1-67 In compliance
1-1-70 Plant has ceased its
pulping operation and
connected its paper mill
waste discharge to the
Detroit sewerage system.
In compliance.
for solids
4-24-68
5-1-67
5-1-68
8-10-68
In compliance for reasons
listed above.
12
-------
341
Industry
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stipulation No.
Date
Adopted
or
Revised
Submi t
Initiate
Detailed
Preliminary Plans
Retain
Engi neers
Engine-
ering
Report
and
Specif-
ications
Submit
Detailed
Soecif-
ications
Arrange
Fi nan-
cing
Ini tiate
Const-
ruct; on
Comol ete
Const-
ruction
Time Container Corporation
Monroe Paper Products Stip 00010
Division
3-29-66
1-1-67
1-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
Union Bag Camp
Corporation, Monroe
Stip 00022
5-5-66
Wyandotte Chemicals
Corporation
North Works, Wyandotte Stip. 00027
5-17-66
1-1-69
12-1-70
6-1-71
1-1-69
12-1-70
6-1-71
Remarks
The Company has entered into
a contract for secondary
treatment of wastes in the
Monroe municipal metro-
politan treatment plant.
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as
for the City of Monroe.
See comments under City of
Monroe
The Company has entered into
a contract for secondary
treatment of wastes in
the Monroe municipal
metropolitan treatment plant
Compliance dates are now
deemed to be the same as for
the City of Monroe. See
comments under City of
Monroe.
!n compliance.
South Works, Wyandotte Stip. 00026
5-17-66
4-1-61' In compliance. Discharges
1-1-69 of mercury discovered in
'larch 1970 were halted
by a court order
nbtained April 16, 1970
permanently enjoining
mercury discharges
13
-------
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT
STIPULATION DATES FOR COMPLIANCE
MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES
342
Btrlin Township,
Monroe County
Frencntown Township,
Monroe County
Monroe Township,
Monroe County
Grosse He Township,
Wayne County
Final Order of
Determination
or Voluntary
Stimulation No.
stip. 00032
F. 0. 1192
Stip. 00021
F. 0. 1341
Stip. 00004
Stip. 00009
Date
.Adopted
5-23-66
7-26-68
7-17-69
1-15-70
3-5-66
8-13-68
Initiate
Submit Detailed
Preliminary Plans
Engine- and
Submit
Detailed
5-1-67
8-15-68
Specif- Specif-
ications _i cations
5-1-68
8-15-69
4-1-70
5-1-68
11-1-68
Arrange Initiate Complete
Finan- Const- Const-
cing ruction ruction
Remarks
5-1-69 Declared in default of Stipulation
12-31-70 and Final Order. Consent Judgement
1-1-72 by courts established new dates.
5-1-69 Declared in default of Stipulation.
7-1-71 Final Order adopted incorporating
the remaining dates of the
Stipulation. Contractual arrange-
ments with Monroe not yet
completed.
5-1-69 Contracts signed to join Monroe
5-1-70 sewerage system. City's
treatment plant under construction.
11-1-70 Plans approved. Construction of
secondary facilities has not begun.
Sewer construction halted by
citizen's suit injunction.
Wayne County
"renton Plant
Wyandotte Plant
City of Detroit
Stip. 00034
Stip. 00031
Village of Estral Beach
City of Luna Pier
City of Monroe
Stip. 00003
Stip. 00002
Stip. 00007
F. 0. 1314
3-29-66
5-15-68
10-20-69
4-1-67
Ml-1-71
5-1-67
5-1-67
5-1-67
City of Riverview
City of Trenton
Stip. 00015
Stip. 00035
11-1-68
11-1-68
Chemical treatment being added for
improved solids removal and nutrient
1-1-70 reduction. Compliance indicated.
11-1-70 Chemical treatment being added for
'19-1-7? improved solids removal and nutrient
reduction. Substantial compliance
anticipated. Revised Stipulation
providing for secondary treatment
has been developed, with completion
scheduled for October 1, 1972.*
11-1-68 11-1-70 A Stipulation entered into with
the Water Resources Comrnssion by
the City of Detroit on May 19, 1966, limits waste constituents to not more than:
a ) 206,000 Ibs/day of 5-day BOD, F.) 50 fng/1 nor more than 324,000 Ibs/day of
suspended solids, c ) 93 Ibs/day of phenol, d.) 15 rog/1 of oil, e.} 1000 MPN
fecal coliform per 100 ml , f.) 20% of the soluble phosphate nor more than 21,000
Ibs/day The Stipulation called for completion of treatment facilities to
chedule.
5-1-69
Abatement program complete
In compllance
5-1-69 Construction complete
May 1970. In compliance
5-1-68
11-1-68
11-30-69
5-1-69
12-1-70
6-1-71
Compliance dates were originally
modified due to the expanded scope of
the project when contractual agreements
were reached with three paper
companies and an adjoining township
for joint waste treatment in the City's
plant. Contractual arrangements are
underway to provide similar service
for a second township The City was
declared in default of Stipulation and
a Final Order was adopted. Facilities
are under construction.
Construction plans approved but
construction has not started. Official
Plan not acceptable to Water Resources
Commission because it does not comply
with regional concept.
11-1-70 Construction of facilities underway
and almost complete.
-------
343
APPENDIX B
MICHIGAN'S INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
DISCHARGE INVENTORY
-------
344
DIRECT INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
TO LAKE ERIE
Company Name
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment^
Suspended
Flow 5-day BOP Solids
MGD lbs'/day_ Tbs/day
1969*
Pollution Date of
Status Order of
Rating Determination
Affect**
Lake Erie
rtater
Remarks QuaiJi ty
Consumers Power Co. Electricity Erie
J R. Whiting Plant
Ash lagoons
- - - No Data Available - - -
Pollution Status Ratings are as of January 1, 1970 and reflect 1969 performances
Key to Control Status
A - Control Adequate
B - Control provided - adequacy not fully established
C - No control - need not established
D - Control provided - protection unreliable
E - Control inadequate
c - construction underway
p - plans being prepared
s - studies underway
* - denotes Commission Order or Stipulation restricting waste discharges
' Affec
:ts listed for both municipal and industrial discharges refer to nutrients only
17
-------
IDUSTRIAL SURFACE WATER DISCHARGES
IN THE
MICHIGAN PORTION
OF THE
LAKE E P I E BASIN
"AY 1970
345
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment 1969*
Company Name
Detroit River
Allied Chemical
Corporation,
Semet Solvay
Division
Anaconda
American
Brass Company
Chrysler Corp.
Amplex Division
Chrysler Corp.
Chem. Products
Division
Chrysler Corp.
Engine Plant
Dana Corp.
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Detroit Edison
Company
Firestone Steel
Products Co.
Great Lakes
Steel Corp,
Ecorse Rolling
Mill
Product
Foundry
coke and
coke
products
Copper
and
Brass
Products
Pressed
metal
gears
and
parts
Adhesi ves,
brake
linings and
automotive
chemicals
Automobi le
Engines
Auto and
truck
frames and
other
steel
structures
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Elec-
tricity
Automotive
wheels and
parts
Steol
Great Lakes Sheet
Steel Corp. steel
80"Hot Strip Mill
Great Lakes
Steel Corp.
Blast Furnace Di
McLouth Steel
Corp.
McLouth Steel
Corp.
Mobil Oil Co.
Steel
Steel
Steel
Petroleum
Receiving
Location Stream
Detroit
Detroit
Trenton —
Trenton via
Monquagon
Drain
Trenton via
Elizabeth
Park
Canal
Ecorse —
Conners —
Creek
Delray
Plant
River —
Rouge
Trenton —
Wyandotte —
Pennwalt —
Plant
Riverview —
Ecorse
River Rouge —
River Rouge
Trenton
Gibraltar via Frank
and Poet
Drain
Woodhaven —
Suspended Pollution
Treatment Flow 5-day BOD Solids Status I
Provided MGD Ibs/day Ibs/day Rating (
Deep well 5.9
operational
difficulties
Neutral- 0.96
i zation
and
settling
Settling 0 155
pond and
oil sk immer
Holding 0.845
pond
Air 1.14
floatation ,
oil skimmer,
chemi cal
coagulation
None 0.58
Ash 299.5
laqoons
Ash 273.6
lagoons
Ash 691.2
lagoons
Ash 1,468
laqoons
Ash No
lagoons
None - - - No
Oil 2,168
Separator,
ponds
Oil skimmers 69.2
and settling
basins
Oil 72.2
skimmers and
settling basins
Clarifiers, 87
dephenolizer
Chemical 65.7
coagulation,
settling ,
neutralization,
oil separators
Oi 1 skimmers , I .64
lagoons,
neutral ization
Oil 1.1
separator^
settl ing
oonds
7,27& Phenol-E
Oil-E
B
5 10 A
62.5 7.7 ED
447 152 Osp
588 B
B
B
B
3
Data Available - - - Ec
Data Available - - - B
4,620 A
19,154 Oil-Es
Sollds-A
Acid and
Iron-Ec
19,300 Oil-E
Solids-A
64,170 Oll-D
Solids-Ep
Phenols-A
15,152 A
218 Dp
112 Oil-Be
Phenol-E
Date of
Order of
Jeterminatior
)r Stipulatic
4/5/66
7/26/68
6/25/69
2/23/66
7/26/50
1/21/65
4/5/66
5/17/66
7/24/68
12/10/69
4/5/66
5/13/66
4/5/66
8/29/63
4/5/66
Affect**
Lake Erie
i Water
>n Remarks Quality
Facilities provided,
improved operation
reguired.
Discharge to
Detroit Storm
Sewer.
Will connect to
Trenton sewerage
system.
Holding ponds under
construction. Wastes
wil 1 be periodical ly
hauled away.
Toxic wastes
hauled from plant.
Primarily cooling
water.
Primari ly cool i ng
wa te r .
Primarily cooling
water
Primarily cooling
water.
Construction of
settling basins
completed March, 1970.
In compliance.
Waste pickle liquor
hauled from plant.
In compliance.
Partial ly in comp-
1 lance. Corrections
underway to remove
soluble oil waste.
Oil losses corrected.
Now in compl lance.
Additional treatment
facilities under
construction.
In comol iance
Plans approved for
additional treat-
ment facilities.
Program being
developed to reduce
phenol losses.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
18
-------
346
jany Name
Monsanto Co.
Plastic Products
and Resins Div
Monsanto Co.
Inorganic Chem.
iJl V
Park Davis and
Co.
Pennwalt Chem.
Corp. Industrial
Div (East Plant)
Pennwal t Chem.
Corp. Organic
Chemicals Div
{West Plant)
Revere Copper
and Brass, Inc.
U.S. Rubber Co.
Wyandotte Chem-
icals Corp.
North Works
Wyandotte Chem-
icals Corp.
South Works
Rouge River Sasin
Guardian
Al lied Chemical
Corp. Plastics
Division
Al 1 led Chemical
Corp, Industrial
Chemicals Div.
Detroit Chemical
Works
American Cement
Corp. , Peerless
Div. , Jefferson
Street Plant
American Cement
Corp , Peerless
Div. , Brennan
Street Plant
Associated
Springs Corp
BGR Div.
BUr'roucjns Corp.
Cam Chem Co.
Darling and Co.
Enamelum Corp.
and Interlake
Windows
Evans Products
Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Rouge Plant
Ford Motor Co.
Engine and
Foundries Div . ,
Valve Plant
Product
Chemicals
Chemicals
Pharmaceu-
ticals
Chemicals
Chemicals
Metal parts
Rubber and
Chemicals
Chemicals
Chemicals
Photo
Coal tars
and oils
Chemicals.
Cement
Cement
Various
types of
spring
Business
Machines
Petroleum
Products
Rendering
Products
Aluminum
Products
Location
Trenton
Trenton
Detroit
Wyandotte
Riverview
Detroit
Detroit
Wyandotte
Wyandotte
Novi
Detroit
Oetroi t
Detroit
Detroit
Plymouth
Plymouth
Wayne
Melvindale
Novi
Railroad Plymouth
cars and
various metal
products
Steel,
castings ,
glass and
automotive
assembly.
Automotive
parts
Dearborn
Northville
Receiving
Stream
---
---
via
Monguagon
Creek
—
Middle
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Old Channel
Rouge River
Rouge
Ri ver
Middle
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Crouton
Drai n
Rouge
River
Wall Lake
Creek
Middle
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment
Suspended"
Treatment flow 5-day BOD Solids
Provided MGD Ibs/day Ibs/day
Neutral- 0 t 3,590 55
ization,
activated
sludge.
Phosphorous 9.52
removal ,
lagoons
None 8 1
Solids 60 19,010
removal
Lagoons, 6,8 284
oil
skimmers
Oil separators, 2 9 1 ,088
incinerator
Oil 42 12,480
skimmers
Settling 56 141,000
ponds, oil
separater
Settling 15 8 12,460
ponds, oil
skimmers
Aeration and 0 04
lagoons
Depheno 1 1 zer , 0 48
settling basins ,
oil skimmers
Ponds 9.11 4,990
Settling 8 1 4,970
tank
None - - - No Data Available -
None 0 174 60 150
Oil 0.304 81 1 543
sump
Ponds - - - No Data Available -
Aerated 1.13 640 282
lagoons
Lagoons and 0 08 0.0 14
chemical
treatment
Oil 0.213 28.4 33 7
skimmer
Oil skim- 362 311,700
mers, deep
well disposal
and clarifier
None 0.05
1969* Date of Affect**
Pollution Order of Lake Erie
Status Determination Water
Rating or Stipulation Remarks Quality
Ds 3/30/66
6 5/13/56
A
8 4/5/66
B 4/5/66
D 5/13/56
A
A 5/17/66
D 5/17/66
B 4/24/61
Bs
D
B 4/5/66
- - Ep 2/18/70
C
A
- - B 10/29/68
Solids & 5/13/66
Grease-A 3/26/68
Oxygen-A
ED
A 9/8/67
Acid-B 5/17/66
Oil-Ec 5/21/70
Cyanide -A
Solids-Es
Phenol s-Es
A
Now in compl lance
Greater than 80%
phosphorous removal
bei ng achi eved by
the company In
compliance.
Process Wastes
to Detroi*- S T D
Cooli ng water only
In compliance
In compl lance
Now in compliance.
In compliance.
Now in compliance
Treatment facilities
completed
Corrections underway
to improve deep well
disposal of waste.
In compl iance
Treatment facilities
under construction.
are discharged to
murnci pal system
Additional treatment
completed. In
compliance.
In cornel lunce
Treatment facil ities
olanned.
Majority of wastes ave
discharged to municipal
Svstem. In compliance.
New 01 1 separation
facilities in operation.
Program in effect to
provide additional
treatment.
Cooling water only,
industrial wastes are
discharged to municipal
Systems .
No
No
No
No
No
No
Nn
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
-------
347
After Treatment
Company Name
Ford Motor Co.
Auto Assembly
Div.
Federal Mogul
Corp. Haller
Div.
General Filters
Inc.
General Motors
Corp. Detroit
Diesel Engine
Div.
General Motors
Corp. Chevrolet
Motor
Product
Automotive
Assembly
Gears,
Bearings and
other metal
products
Filters
Automotive
parts
Automotive
parts
General Motors Service
Corp. Parts
Distribution Center
Great Lakes Steel Steel
Corp. Blast Furnace
Div. Zug Island
Michigan Seamless
Tube Co . ,
Standard Tube
Div.
Scott Paper
Co.
Townsend Steel
Products
Trilex Corp.
United Green-
field Corp.
Whitman and
Barnes Div.
Huron River Basin
Belleville Plat-
ing Company
Chrysler Corp.
Intro! Div.
D.T. 8 I.
Railroad Yards
Federal Screw
Works
Ford Motor Co.
Automotive
Assembly Div.
Ford Motor Co
General Parts
Div.
General Motors
Corp. Fisher
Body Div.
Hoover Ball 8
Bearing Co.
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co.
Chemical
Products Div.
Huron Valley
Steel Corp.
Longworth
Plating Co.
Michigan
Seamless Tube
Co.
Metal
tubes
Paper
Metal
parts
Plated
metal
parts
Rotary
tools
Plated
metal
parts
Automotive
parts
Railroad
Terminal
Steel
products
Automotive
assembly
Automotive
parts
Automotive
parts
Metal
Bearings
Chemicals
Pig Iron
Plated
metal
parts
Metal
tubing
Location
Wayne
Northville
Novi
Detroit
Livonia
Wayne
River
Rouge
Redford Twp.
Wayne Co.
Detroit
Plymouth
Canton Twp.
Wayne Co .
via Dra i n
Plymouth
Belleville
Scio
Flat Rock
Chelsea
Wixom
Ypsilanti
Willow
Run
Pittsfield
Twp.
Washtenaw Co
Whi tmore
Lake
Belleville
Chelsea
South Lyon
Receiving
Stream
Lower
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Lower
Rouge
River
Rouge
River
Livonia
Drain
Rouge
River
Kiddle
Rouge
River
Lower
Rouge
River
Middle
Rouge
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Smith
Creek
Letts
Creek
Norton
Drain
Huron
River
Willow
Creek
Wood Outlet
Drain
Horseshoe
Lake Outlet
Drain
Huron
River
Letts
Creek
Huron
River
via drain
1969*
luspenaea nonution
Treatment Flow 5-day BOD Solids Status D
Provided MSD Ibs/day Ibs/day Rating o
Settling 0.465
pond for
paint wastes
oil 0.0875
collection
Small 5 (gpm)
earthen
settling pond
Oil separ- - - -
a tors and
settling
tanks
Imhoff tank - - -
and trickling
filter
Clarifiers - - -
and dephenolizer
Oil 0.745
skimmers
and lagoon
Screens, - - -
save-al Is
None - - -
Chemical 0.28
reclamation
units, oil
skimmer and
ponds
No
No
No
No
47
3.6 14.
48
Data
Data
Data
Data
(mg/1) 137
Available
Available
Available
Avai Table
24.9 149
No
No
None 15. (gpm)
Chemical 0.02
treatment and
settling pond
Chemical
treatment,
settling pond,
trickling filter
Oil
Separators
Leach Pits - - -
Chemical 1.411
treatment ,
settling pond,
trickling filter
Primary 0.640
settling and
secondary lagoon
Trickling 0.007
filter
None 0.108
Settling 1.1
ponds
Chemical 0.0104
treatment,
settling tanks
Settling 1.2
tanks
No
No
Data
Data
0
5
1.5
Data
Data
795.89
No Data
800
162
Aval lable
Ava liable
35
(mg/1) 11
1.2
Available
Avai lable
229.13
Available
128
2
966
E
6 A
(mg/1) s'
A
B
A
Oil-E
Solids-Ep
Phenol -A
B
- - - A
E
EC
(mq/1) A
A
Ind.-A
San.-B
- - Ind.-Ep
San.-E
E
Ind.-Ec
San.-E
BSC
Toxic &
Solid-Be
BOO-Bc
Oll-B
San. -A
A
B
E
B
Date of
Order of
etermi nation
r Stipulation
5/13/66
11/4/66
4/24/68
11/30/67
5/28/58
9/29/55
10/31/63
5/23/63
2/28/57
7/24/58
6/27/62
2/18/65
6/13/68
Affect**
Lake Erie
Water
Remarks Quality
Problem under
revaluation.
Further treatment
facilities planned
Cooling water only,
industrial wastes
discharged to municipal
system
Sanitary wastes only
Additional treatment
facilities under
construction.
In compl iance.
Corrective program
underway.
Building additional
facilities. Plan
connection to city
sewerage system.
Coolinq water only
In compliance.
In compliance.
Plan to connect to
city sewerage system.
Under revaluation
Aeration Lagoon
to be completed by
June 1, 1970.
Final discharge to
Ypsilanti S.T.P.
Final discharge to
Wayne County interceptor
In compliance.
In compliance.
No longer discharges
Under evaluation.
Additional treatment
facilities constructed
and operating.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
20
-------
348
Company Name
Moynahan Stearns
Subsidiary of
Federal
Engi neenng
Ottawa Silica
Co. Michigan
">ilica Div
Rockwell Standard
Corp. Spri ng Div
Universi ty
Microfilms
Swan Creek. Basin
Detroit Edison
Co. Enrico Fermi
Plant
Product
Aluminum
Door and
wi ndow
frames
Si 1 ica
Steel
springs
Photo
develnoing
Elec-
tricity
Location
Flat Rock
Rockwood
Chelsea
Ann Arbor
Frenchtown
Twp
Monroe Co
Receiving
Stream
Huron
River
Huron
River
Letts
Creek
Honey
Creek
Swan
Creek
Discharge Characteristics
After Treatment 1969* I
Suspended Pollution C
Treatment Flow 5-day BOD Solids Status Del
Provided MGD Ibs/day Ibs/day Rating or
Acid 0 078 E
neutralization
Settling 5 70 15,710 B
ponds
Oil - - - No Data Available - - - c
col lection
Aeration 0 328 125 36 A
tanks
Trickling 194 4 San ~A
f i Her and
lagoon
)ate of
)rder of
:errmnation
Stipulation
1C/30/67
3/26/64
12/6/56
Affect**
Lake Erie
Hater
Remarks Quail ty
Under revaluation.
Cool i nq water only
In compl lance
In compliance.
No
No
No
No
No
River Raisin Basin
Buckeye
Products
Consol idated
Packaging Corp.
North Side Plant
Consolidated
Packaging Corp
South Side Plant
Cul ligan Soft
Dundee Cement
Co.
Ford Motor Co.
Metal Stamping
Oiv.
Gray-Faraday
Home Canning Co.
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co.
Manchester Oiv
Hoover Ball &
Bearing Co.
Universal Die
Casting Div
Simplex Paper
Co.
Stauffer Chem
Co
Stauffer Chem.
Co
Tecumseh Pro-
ducts Co.
Peerless Gear &
Machinery Div.
fecumseh Prod-
ucts Co
Time Container
Corp Monroe Div
Union Camp
Corp
Plated
parts
Paper
Paper
Water
service
Cement
Au totno 1 1 v e
parts
Plated
parts
Canned
tomatoes
and other
vegetables
Plated
metal
parts
Castings
and plated
metal parts
Paper
Organic
compounds
0 rg a n i c
compounds
Machine
parts
Refrig-
eration
units
Paper
Paper
Adrian
Monroe
Monroe
Adrian
Dundee
Monroe
Adrian
Blissfield
Manches ter
Sal i ne
Palmyra
Weston
Clinton
Tecumseh.
Monroe
Monroe
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
S Branch
River
Raisin
Macon
Creek
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
Saline
River
Raisin
Raisin
Black
Creek
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
River
Raisi n
River
Raisin
Chemical 0.0073 51 4 E
treatment
Clarifiers, 7 5 18,083 7,417 Solids-E
screens BOD-E
Clarifiers, 7 0 3,780 16,627 Solids-E
screens BOD-L
None 0 026 0 66 13
Chemical 3 93 32R 2,400 B
treatment and
settl ing ponds
Chemical 124 Plating-A
treatment and San -B
settl i ng oonds Oi 1 -L
Chemical 0 03 0 8 14 D
treatmen^
Laqoon Q 150 B
Chemical 0 220 R4 1 an D
treatment and
settling oonds
Chemical 0 460 79 B 202 5 I
settling ponds
Save-all 0.348 807 5,206 Ind.-B
San -A
settling ponds ,
activated sludge
Aeration, 0 229 345 164 Bc
settl i nq ponds ,
trickl i ng f i 1 ter
Smal 1 0 05 B
settl ing ponds
Oil 0 55 470 1 ,475 Dp
separation and
acid neutralization
Clarifiers 2 5 110 HI Solids-E
BOD-E
Clanfiers 4 5 8,916 4,512 Solids-E
BOD-E
1/27/54
5/23/66
5/23/66
11/30/61
9/23/58
2/28/66
7/26/62
5/16/6T
7/24/66
2/36/64
6/27/62
5/16/69
3/25/66
4/15/65 &
5/23/66
Comoan> ceased
ooeration at this
location
Company will connect
to Monroe sewerage
system
Company will connect
to '-Ion roe sewerage
syste-r
In compliance
Under evaluation.
Jnder revaluation
underway
Addi tional treatment
facilities under
construction
I n compl i ance.
In compl lance.
In compliance
in compl iance
Plan to connect to
city sewerage system.
Plans to join City of
Monroe sewerage system
Plans to join City of
Monroe sewerage system
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Maumee River Basin
Hudson Plating
Co.
M & S.
Manufacturing Co.
Plated
metal
parts
Metal
parts
Hudson
Hudson
Bean
Creek
Bean
Creek
Chemical 0 057 1,474 E
treatment,
settling
Septic No Data Available - - - E
tank and
field
10/28/55
4/26/57
Court action Bending
Plan to connect to
Hudson sewerage system
No
Ho
21
-------
MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGE INVENTORY
IN THE MI CH IGAN PORTION
OF THE LAKE ERIE BASIN
MAY 1970
349
COBtnunity
Dttrolt River
Detroit
Grosse lie
Township
R1verv1ew
Trenton
Wayne County
Trenton
Wayne County
Wyandotte
Receiving
Waters
Detroit
River
Detroit
River
Detroi t
River
Detroit
River
Detroit
River
Detroi t
River
Treatment
Provided
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Primary
Population
(1964 est.
1 ,620 ,000
6,318
8,000
22,000
44,000
Discharge Characteristics Affect
Suspended Lake
5-day BOD Solids Erie Improvement
Flow Effluent Effluent Water Needs
) MGD mg/1 mg/1 Status and Abatement Action Quality N.R. I.T.
J
720.3 40 90 Stipulation signed May 19, 1966. Yes X X
Phosphate removal in oper-
ation. Advanced Treatment
behind schedule.
1.28 53 40 Stipulation signed March 29, Yes X X
1966.
1.68 150 73 Stipulation signed April 5, Yes X X
1966. Plan not accepted
because it does not comply
with regional concept.
3.09 95 92 Stipulation signed June 7, Yes X X
1966.
1.5 61 44 Wayne County Stipulation Yes X X
signed May 27, 1966.
47.09 85 60 A revised stipulation has Yes X X
been developed providing
for secondary treatment by
October 1, 1972
Compliance Schedule
Plans Start
Approved Constr. Completed
11-1-68 — 11-1-70
11-1-68 — - 11-1-70
11-1-68 — 11-1-70
11-1-69 — 11-1-70
11-1-68 — 11-1-70
11-1-71 --- 10-1-72
River Rouse Basin
Nit
• - - - -no
pa aste me ges er ouge
Huron River Basin
Ann Arbor
Brighton
I
Chelsea
Dexter
Huron-Clinton
Metropolitan
Authority
Mllford
Northfield
Township
Scio-Webster
Autho-ity
South Lyon
"tockbridge
Waterford
Twp. PJ. 11
Waterford
Twp. PI. 12
Huron
River
Huron
River
Mill
Creek
Huron
River
Kent
Lake
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Activated
Sludge
Trickling
Filter
Activated
Sludge
Primary
Sand
Filter
Activated
Sludge
Trickl ing
Filter
Trickling
Filter
Activated
Sludge
Seepage
Lagoons
Trickling
Filter
Trickling
Filter
74,000
2,282
3,600
1,702
5,000
4,900
3,279
1,753
1,097
14.2 44 100 City has agreed to provide Yes X X
phosphate removal by June I,
1970, however, lack of funding
will probably prevent completion
by agreed upon date.
0.63 24 18 City has agreed to accelerate Yes X
its program of phosphate removal.
Completion date, June 1, 1970.
0.34 14 11 A voluntary reduction of phos- Yes X
phorus compounds in the dis-
charge is being sought by
Water Resources Commission
0.13 213 171 Final Order of Determination No X X
adopted on October 20, 1969.
- - No Data Available - Effluent discharges to surface Yes X
waters will be eliminated prior
to June 1, 1970. Ground water
will be monitored and phosphorus
removal provided if necessary.
0.61 17 29 Final Order November 1, 1950. Yes X
The Commission has asked for
phosphorus removal by
June 1, 1970
0.17 14 30 Final Order of Determination Yes X X
adopted on October 20, 1969.
0.055 45 30 No
0.32 5 11 A voluntary reduction of No
phosphorus compounds in the
discharge is being sought
by June 1, 1970
- - - No Data Available - - - No
46 114 Waterford Twp. is in the Yes X X
advanced stages of a water
pollution abatement program.
70 76 Waterford Twp. is in the Yes X X
advanced stages of a water
9-1-70 3-1-71 3-1-72
^
6-1-70 10-1-70 1-1-72
pollution abatement program.
22
-------
350
Community
Receiving Treatment Population Floi
Waters Provided (1964 est.) MGD
Wayne County
Flat Rock
Wayne County
Rockwood
Ypsilanti
Ypsilanti
Township
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
River
Huron
Ri ver
Primary 5 ,100
Primary 2,026
Activated 20,958
Sludge
Activated 22,800
Sludge
0.44 129
0 19 130
48 14
75 39
Swan Creek Basin
Carleton
River Raisin
Adrian
Blissfield
Clinton
Dundee
Manchester
Milan
Monroe
Swan
Creek
Basin
Ri ver
Raisin
Ri ver
Raisin
River
Rais in
River
Raisin
River
Raisin
Saline
River
River
Lagoons 1 ,379
Activated 19,800
Sludge
Primary 2,600
Primary 1 ,481
Primary 2 ,377
Trickling 1,568
Filter
Trickling 3,616
Filter
Primary 25,600
50* 11
2 34 6
0 32 b9
0.07 138
0 13 64
0.25 10
0.81 19
4 46 64
Djscharge; Characteristics
Suspended
5-day BOD Solids
Effluent Effluent
mg/1 mg/1
Affect
Lake
Erie Improvement
Water Needs
_5_ta tus and_Abatement Acjti on Q u a 11jy N^E,- ITTT
Compliance Schedule
Plans Start
Approved Constr. Com.pl e/ted
Sal me Sal me Tri ckl 1 ng 2,334
River Fil ter
Tecumseh River Activated 7,300
Raisin Sludge
Ypsilanti Saline Trickling 4,000
State Hospital River Filter
62
Yes
Final Order adopted May 26,
1967 Construction proceeded
under Court order issued Sept.
10, 1968 Secondary Treatment
facilities in operation May 13,
1970
50 Final Order adopted Yes
January 15, 1969
22 City has agreed to orovide Yes
phosphorus removal by June 1,
1970, however, recent policy
changes regarding their official
plan will probably prevent com-
pletion by the agreed upon date
62 Portions of excess flow are Yes
now diverted to Wayne Co
system Phosphorus remova1
in operation May 25, 1970
46 Expanded laqoon system to be No
completed and in full operation
on or before December 31, 1970
0 32
0.07
0 13
0.25
0.81
4 46
59
138
64
10
19
64
62
132
46
20
14
64
Final Order adopted
Septerber 25, 1951
Final Order adopted
September 25, 1951
Final Order adopted
June 27, 1951
Final Order adopted
September 25, 1951
Stipulation signed f
1966 Final Order adopted
October 20, 1969 Facilities
are under construction
1 07 34 29 Final Order adopted September
25, 1951 Plans to enlarge
and improve treatment facili-
ties have been approved
0 99 16 11 Order of Determination
August ?6, 1949
- No Data Available Vlaste treatment needs, includ-
ing phosphorus removal, are
under study
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
11-30-68 12-31-69
5-1-69 10-1-69 10-1-70
10-1-68 6-1-70
11-1-68 2-1-69 12-1-70
X 11-30-69 4-1-70 6-1-71
Maumee River Basin
NOTET~
Bean
Creek
Bean
Creek
Trickling
Filter
Lagoons
2,300
2,053
28 Preliminary plans for im-
proved treatment have been
submitted
Total Yearly Volume Discharged
N.R.--Nutrient Reduction
I.T.—New or Improved Treatment
23
-------
351
APPENDIX C
CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM - STATUS OF GRANT OFFERS
AND DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE APRIL MEETING
-------
5/70-30 a & b
352
CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
STATUS of GRANT OFFERS
&
DEVELOPMENTS SINCE APRIL MEETING
******************
I. SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS
A. Projects from June 27, 1968 Priority List
1. Since the April meeting, there has been no change in grant offers
made to projects on this list.
2. To date, offers for State Grants and Advances for these projects
total $62,477,939.00 and include 51 projects.
B. Projects eligible for additional grant funds (construction commenced
after June 30, 1967)
1. Since the April meeting, 3 offers of State grants or advances have
been made as follows:
Genesee County (Grand Blanc Township) $618,400.00
Genesee County (City of Grand Blanc) 309,880.00
Genesee County (Flint Township) 47,665.00
TOTAL $975,945.00
2. To date, offers for State Grants and Advances for these projects
total $13,625,289.00 and include 33 projects.
C. Grants for sewage treatment works, fiscal year 1970:
1. Since the April meeting, 1 offer of a State grant has been made
as follows:
Monroe County (Monroe & Monroe Township) $2,695,355.00
2. To date this is the only offer of a State grant and/or advance for
the fiscal year 1970 sewage works projects.
D. Total sewage treatment works commitments from the water pollution control
fund to date equal $78,798,583.00 and include 85 projects.
E. Grant Payments
1. Since the April meeting, grant payments have been made to the
following communities in the amounts indicated:
Eau Claire $ 30,367.00
Flushing 32,909.00
Howard City 28,202.00 .
Kalamazoo 151,272.00
Kent City 23,650.-00
Lakeview 8,621.00
Monroe County (Luna Pier) 81,354.00
Norway 92,971.00
Saranac 46,464.00
$495,810.00
2. To date, grant payments for sewage treatment works projects that
have been made from the water pollution control fund total
$5,143,839.00 and include 18 projects.
27
-------
Page 2 5/70-30 a & b 353
II. COLLECTING SEWERS
A. Grants for collecting sewers, calendar year 1969
1. Since the April meeting, there has been no change in the status of
the collecting sewers grant program.
2. To date, grant offers totalling $633,554.00 have been made for
20 projects.
III. FISCAL YEAR 1970 PROGRAM
A. Certification to the Federal Water Quality Administration has been made
for the following 30 sewage treatment works projects:
Alpha
Flushing
Port Sanilac
Laingsburg
Chassell twp.
Delta Twp.
McMillan Twp.
Escanaba
Evart
Petoskey
Bergland Twp.
Kalamazoo
Byron
Wheat!and Twp.
Elkton
New Lothrop
North field Twp.
Baraga
Holland
Buena Vista
Tuscola Co.
Detroit
Millington
Au Gres
Hastings Twp.
Saline
Twp. Stannard Twp.
(Reese) Macomb Co. (Washington Twp.)
Macomb Co. (Lenox Twp.)
Macomb Co. (Shelby Twp.)
The remaining projects on the fiscal year 1970 sewage treatment works
list approved by the State Legislature have all been reviewed for
deficiencies in their application and supporting documents and the
applicants have been advised accordingly.
28
-------
354
APPENDIX D
1969 RADIOACTIVITY SAMPLES
LAKE ERIE BASIN
-------
355
1969 RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS
LAKE ERIE BASIN
Sampling Location Date Microcuries/ml. x 10 Probable Count Error
River Rouge, 1/24 <4
Zug Island 3/16 <4
4/9 <4
8/21 <4
11/17 <4
Huron River, 1/24 8 6
U.S. 24 Bridge, 3/16 4 10
Flat Rock 4/9 <4
8/21 6 9
12/12 6 10
Huron River, 1/24 6 6
Rockwood at 3/16 6 9
Jefferson Bridge 4/9 <4
8/21 <4
11/17 4 9
Huron River, 3/16 12 9
U.S. 112 Bridge, 4/9 4 6
Ypsilanti 8/21 4 9
Swan Creek, 1/24 8 6
Dixie Hwy. Bridge, 3/16 8 10
Estral Beach 4/9 <4
8/21 6 9
12/12 6 10
Monroe, 1/24 t 6
Water Works 3/16 6 9
4/9 <4
8/21 8 9
River Raisin at 1/24 <4
Dundee Cement Co. 4/9 4 6
8/21 10 10
11/17 10 10
River Raisin, 1/24 6 9
M-50 Bridge, 3/16 4 10
Dundee 4/9 4 6
8/21 8 9
12/22 6 10
31
-------
356
APPENDIX E
1969 WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE
-------
357
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OOCOf--CMr--.«3-COOOOOOOO'— •— <~noOOOa«3-CQOOOOOO ^^1^ ^^ ,—
-------
358
APPENDIX F
1969 DOMESTIC WATER INTAKE SAMPLES
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE
-------
359
g
Q
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-------
360
APPENDIX G
1969 BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA ALONG MICHIGAN'S
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE COASTLINE
-------
361
SUMMARY OF 1969 TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORM DATA
MICHIGAN'S LAKE ERIE-DETROIT RIVER COASTLINE
Sampling
Locations
Erie Road
Camp Lady of
the Lake
Luna Pier
Toledo Beach
S. Otter Creek
Beach
N. Otter Creek
Beach
Bolles Harbor
Sterling State
Park
Detroit Beach
Willow Beach
Grand Beach
New Beach
Assoc.
Indian Trails
Beach
Bay Crest Beach
Brest Bay
Dewey Beach
Stoney Beach
Pte. Aux Peaux
Estral Beach
Milleville Beach
Maple Beach
Belle Isle
Total Coliform (counts/100 ml.)
No. of
Samples
6
6
18
12
12
12
12
60
24
12
6
24
6
6
6
6
6
6
18
6
6
24
Max.
11,000
6,700
6,500
4,200
5,400
4,800
4.800
14,000
200,000
40,000
56,000
30,000
36,000
16,000
80,000
13,400
13,000
9,000
22,000
55,000
21,000
28,000
M1n.
300
1,000
400
100
<100
CIOO
<100
100
500
1,300
500
600
1,300
900
700
100
1,600
800
100
4,000
3,000
<100
Geom
Mean
2,337
2,589
1,817*
894*
1,177*
1,184*
750*
1 ,449*
3,490*
4,382*
3,889
4,078*
3,774
3,851
3,440
1,989
3,085
2,924
3,266*
9,050
7,661
2,951*
Fecal Coliform (counts/100 ml.)
No. of
Samples
6
6
18
12
12
12
12
60
24
12
6
24
6
6
6
6
6
6
18
6
6
24
Max.
480
370
300
200
200
100
100
300
60 ,000
2,700
520
2,300
300
340
510
120
220
200
2,200
750
1,500
300
Min.
<10
CIO
<10
CIO
CIO
CIO
<10
CIO
<10
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
<10
CIO
10
CJO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
CIO
Geom.
Mean
64
47
49*
30*
34*
32*
36*
17*
42*
77*
50
54*
59
41
27
34
31
36
28*
131
48
26*
NOTE: * Where several locations were sampled at the same beach, an average of the
geometrical means at all of these locations was used as the geometrical
mean for that beach.
43
-------
362
APPENDIX H
1969 ALGAL DATA ALONG MICHIGAN'S DETROIT
RIVER-LAKE ERIE COASTLINE
-------
363
INSHORE PHYTOPLANKTON ANALYSES OF LAKE ERIE-DETR0 I T RIVER
FROM 6/24/69-9/3/69
Kinds of Algae per ml.
Station:
Number
B03450
BO 3460
B03560
B03680
B03770
B03780
B03840
BO 3900
S
Station Location
Belle Isle
Beach , opp. 6th.
Lifeguard Tower,
50' out
Maple Beach,
100' S. of
Tryon Rd ,
100' out
Indian Trails
Midpoint of
Beach, 50' out.
end of Pier
Sterling State
Park N. limits,
of Beach, 100 '
out
Sterling State
Park S. limits,
100' out
Bolles Harbor,
near Pumping
Station, 100'
out
Toledo Beach
N limits of
Beach, 100'
out
Erie end of
Erie Rd. , 100'
out
Date
6/24/69
7/8/69
7/23/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/24/69
7/8/69
7/23/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/23/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/5/69
8/19/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/6/69
8/20/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/6/69
8/20/69
9/3/69
6/25/69
7/9/69
7/22/69
8/6/69
8/20/69
9/3/69
Coccoi d
Blue
Green
0
35
147
3
0
3
0
0
28
7
10
7
280
42
24
90
91
168
1,680
112
63
21
14
0
560
0
17
35
42
280
0
0
73
21
224
420
0
14
110
14
140
14
0
175
42
Fila-
mentous
Blue
Green
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
38
7
140
294
208
306
560
1,666
280
224
338
483
1 ,470
0
560
0
213
370
756
910
140
0
609
374
420
1,680
70
0
525
210
322
1,372
0
70
406
Coccoi d
Green
980
232
3
41
0
0
162
448
92
148
158
49
11,340
1,554
764
630
616
952
20,160
1 ,848
111
266
616
18,060
1,240
1 ,176
132
166
434
5,810
1,610
1,617
76
48
406
7,700
1,400
385
440
168
700
1 ,596
1,190
2,345
392
Fila-
mentous
Green
210
270
10
0
0
0
7
112
0
0
0
0
1,820
1 ,848
68
198
0
0
4,760
1,904
7
14
28
4,900
1,960
99
0
0
70
630
490
84
0
n
0
1,120
490
0
407
0
0
42
490
105
14
Flagel-
late
280
35
0
7
0
3
0
0
40
7
10
7
280
0
28
0
28
84
0
0
0
14
'4
0
0
0
14
0
56
0
70
0
13
10
42
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
0
35
14
Di atoms
Centric
140
125
6
24
7
24
0
224
68
216
112
98
140
126
180
468
224
518
0
224
7
189
294
140
420
693
150
339
266
0
210
840
283
321
252
420
910
224
368
1,015
682
126
630
1,225
868
Diatoms
Pennate
70
203
44
20
27
73
282
672
148
23
44
98
0
252
124
90
0
98
840
168
3
7
98
560
280
165
3
45
14
210
0
294
13
C
0
70?
280
35
33
7
28
322
280
350
14
Desmlds
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
70
28
0
0
10
28
14
0
0
22
10
34
0
0
0
21
17
6
42
0
0
35
11
35
28
0
0
70
14
Total
Algae
1,680
900
210
95
51
103
454
1 ,456
376
401
372
266
14,000
4,116
1,396
1,872
1,589
3,514
27,780
4,480
539
1 ,022
2,548
23,660
6,020
2,155
539
989
1,638
7,840
2,520
2,856
1,084
780
1,386
12,040
3,150
714
1,894
1 .449
1 ,900
3,472
2,590
4,375
1,750
Dominant Genera
Actinastrum
Cyclotella
Aphanothece
Cyclotella
—
Di atoma
Nitzschia
Navi cula
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Ankistrodesmus
Cyclotella, Scenedesmus
Anabaena, Oscillator! a
Aphanizomennn
Blue- green*
Actinastrum, Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Anabaena, Oscillatcria
Cyclotella, Aphanizomenon,
Osci 1 latona
Blue green*
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Ankistrodesmus
Ankistrodesmus
Cyclotella, Aphamzomenon
Aphani zomenon
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Scenedesmus
Cyclotella, Oscillatoria
Cyclotella, Aphanizomenon
Stephanodiscus
Scenedesmus, Oscillator! a
Stephanodf scus
Stephanodiscus
Osci 1 latori a
Cyclotella
Cyclotella
Osci 11 a tori a
Stephanodiscus, Ankistrodesmus
Stephanodiscus, Ankistrodesmus
Cyclotella
Temp
°C
14
22
25
25
26
23
22
22
28
28
29
24
18
22
26
26
29
24
19
22
27
27
29
20
22
27
26
29
24
20
20
27
25
25
23
20
20
27
25
24
24
21
22
27
25
21
24
* Unidentified Blue-green Algae
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ALGAE SAMPLING STATIONS
LAKE FRIE
Station
Number Station Location
lemp Hard- Alka-
Date Time _^C_ T.5^ !KS_ N03-N NHrN Org. N-N TP04-P SOPOa-P Cl_ 50^ £H ness linity
803770 Sterling State Park, 7/8/69 1755 22 382 112 1.4 018 1.1
S. limits, 100' out
B03780 Bolles Harbor near 7/9/69 0638 20 176 82
pumping station,
100' out
MOTE: All chemical parameters are reported in mg/1 except pH.
0.23 0.03 23 53 8.2 190 124
1.7 0.27 0.61 0.22 009 27 58 8.0 215 148
-------
364
APPENDIX I
1969 DATA FOR THE MAUMEE RIVER BASIN AND
TRIBUTARIES TO NORTH MAUMEE BAY
-------
365
INTERSTATE WATER QUALITY MONITORING SAMPLING LOCATIONS
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN
1. Mill Stream Drain at M-49, about 1/2 mile north of the Michigan-Ohio
Tine, Hillsdale County.
2. West Fork of the West Branch of the St. Joseph River at M-49 in Camden,
Hillsdale County.
3. West Fork of the West Branch of the St. Joseph River at Austin Road, about
2 miles southeast of the Camden Village limit, Hillsdale County.
4. East Fork of the West Branch of the St. Joseph River at Territorial Road,
about 3/5 mile north of Michigan-Ohio line and 3/4 river mile north
of the state line, Hillsdale County.
5. Clark Fork Creek at Hillsdale Road, about 3/5 mile north of Michigan-Ohio
line and 9/10 river mile north of the state line, Hillsdale County.
6. Silver Creek at Territorial Road, about 1/2 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line and 3/4 river mile north of the state line, Hillsdale County.
7. Unnamed Tributary to the East Branch of the St. Joseph River at Miner
Road, downstream from Pittsford, Hillsdale County.
8. East Branch of the St. Joseph River at Williams County, Road 9, Ohio,
about 1/2 mile south of the Michigan-Ohio line and 1 river mile south
of the state line.
9. Myers Drain at Territorial Road, about 1 mile southeast of Waldron and
about 300 feet north of the Michigan-Ohio line, Hillsdale County.
10. Bean Creek in the impoundment in Addison at Comstock Street, Lenawee County.
11. Bean Creek at US-127 approximately 1/5 mile south of the Addison Village
limit, Lenawee County.
12. Garrison Drain at State Street in Hudson, Lenawee County.
13. Bean Creek at Nelson Road, 1/2 mile south of the Hudson Village limit and
1 river mile below Hudson's waste discharge, Lenawee County.
14. Bean Creek at Main Street in Morenci, about 3/5 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line and about 8/10 river mile north of the state line, Lenawee County.
15. Bean Creek at Fulton County Road T, Ohio, about 9/10 mile south of the
Michigan-Ohio line and about 1 1/5 river miles south of the state line.
16. Silver Creek at M-156 in Morenci, about 1/10 mile north of Michigan-
Ohio line and 1/10 mile from its confluence with Bean Creek, Lenawee County.
51
-------
366
.OD__rWOSTTIH
03 H3NVUB
-J
y
52
-------
367
1969 INlERSTATE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN
HIGH FLOW SAMPLING RUN
MARCH 1, 1970
Parameter
Time
Temp. (°C)
D.O.
B.O.D.c
PH b
T.S.
T.D.S.
S.S.
N03-N
NH3-N
Total P04-P
Sol. ortho P04-P
Ca
Mg
Na
K
Ni (ug/1)
Cu fiia/11
tu ^uy/ i /
Zn (ug/1 )
CN
Cl
Hardness C«COj
Alkal. CaC03
Tot. col i form
(counts /I 00 ml)
Fee. coliform
(counts/100 ml)
Sta.
No. 1
1230
10.5
10.6
2.6
7.8
310
274
36
1.40
0.15
0.11
0.01
68
15
4.5
2.0
6
230
170
1,000
300
Sta.
No. 2
1200
10
12.0
2.8
7.9
298
284
14
1.00
0.10
0.10
0.05
66
15
6.0
2.0
8
225
170
2,000
100
Sta.
No. 3
1215
8.5
11.0
2.6
7.8
296
286
10
1.00
0.10
0.07
0.04
66
15
4.5
1.9
6
225
175
1,700
200
Sta. Sta.
No. 4 No. 5
1245
9.5
11.3
2.5
7.9
302
286
16
1.10
0.10
0.05
0.02
66
15
4.0
2.0
6
225
185
100
100
Sta.
No. 6
1315
10.0
10.4
2.4
8.0
297
256
41
1.10
0.15
0.13
0.02
64
13
5.0
2.0
6
215
170
300
100
Sta.
No. 7
1)15
10.5
11.2
2.0
7.9
370
258
12
1.10
0.10
0.07
0.05
88
18
6.0
2.1
14
295
235
1,700
100
Sta.
No. 8
1345
10.0
10.6
2.2
7.9
320
286
34
1.40
0.10
0.10
0.03
72
16
5.0
2.0
7
245
190
300 11
100
Sta.
No. 9
1355
14.5
12.0
3.2
7 7
400
356
44
2.20
0.35
0.22
0.14
74
16
7.5
2.1
15
250
150
,000
300
Sta.
No. 10
1000
8.5
9.7
3.1
7.8
258
256
2
0.30
0.10
0.14
0.00
52
15
6.0
2 C
11
190
150
300
100
Sts.
No. 11
1015
8.5
11.2
2.8
7.8
326
316
10
0.70
0.10
0.06
0.01
74
18
8.0
2.0
10
260
210
3,600
300
Sta.
No. 12
1040
9.0
13.0
3.0
7.7
409
396
13
1.50
0.20
0.08
0.02
88
16
8.5
2.1
20
0
0
100
0. 00
17
285
175
2,000
1,000
Sta.
No. 13
1050
9.0
11.4
3.0
7.9
346
328
18
1.70
0.25
0.11
0.05
78
18
7.5
2.1
13
270
215
13,000
2,200
Sta.
No. 14
1415
10.0
10.8
2.6
7.9
340
304
36
1.40
0.15
0.10
0.04
70
18
7.5
2.1
14
265
200
6,700
100
Sta.
No. 15
1445
10.0
10.7
2.7
8.0
339
296
43
1.60
0.20
0.25
0.22
78
17
7.5
2.2
0
0
0
0
0.00
14
265
200
8,700
200
St«.
No. 16
1430
13.0
10.5
2.1
7.9
427
388
39
2.90
0.10
0.10
0.05
88
17
7.5
1.9
18
290
• 175
8,900
900
Low FLOW SAMPLING RUN
AUGUST 28, 1970
Parameter
Time
Temp. (°C)
D.O.
B. O.D.5
pH
T.S.
T.O.S.
S.S.
N03-N
NH,-N
Total P04-P
Sol. ortho POi-P
Ca
Mg
Na
K
Cr+6 (ug/1)
N1 (ug/1)
Cu (ug/1)
Zn (ug/1)
CN
Cl
Hardness CaCOs
Alkal. CaCOs
Tot. conform 300
(counts/100 ml)
Fee. collform
(counts/100 ml)
Sta.
No. 1
1430
21.0
7.4
1.4
8.2
396
384
12
0.30
0.05
0.09
0.03
80
22
8.0.
0
0
0
0
0.00
17
290
216
,000
700
Sta.
No. 2
1350
21
10.6
2.0
8.4
478
407
11
0.35
0.05
0.09
0.03
84
27
11.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
18
320
252
7,00
200
.jt.a.
No. 3
1410
20.0
11.0
2.0
8.5
406
390
16
0.30
0.10
0.15
0.07
84
27
11.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
16
320
252
3,000
200
Sta.
No. 4
1445
23.0
10,0
1.6
8.6
368
362
E
0.35
0.00
0.03
0.01
76
22
8.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
15
280
208
1,000
100
Sta.
No. 5
1510
21.0
8.2
1.0
8.5
492
484
8
0.40
0.00
0.04
0.01
96
34
11.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
13
380
284
3,000
100
Sta
No. 6
1530
ao 5
8.2
2.5
8.5
404
382
22
0.10
0.00
0.07
0.00
84
24
9.0
0
0
0
0
0 00
13
310
256
3,000
500
Sta.
No. 7
1220
14.5
7.8
0.7
8.0
548
540
8
0.20
0.00
0.03
0.01
116
34
10.0
0
0
0
C
0.00
23
430
304
7,000 3
<100
Sta.
No. 8
1600
23.0
9.2
1.6
8.5
416
392
24
0.25
0.00
0.04
0.01
84
22
10.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
17
300
252
,000 2
100
Sta
No. 9
1620
24.0
13.8
15,0
8.6
732
612
120
0.50
0.69
1.70
0.44
100
34
65. 0
0
0
0
0
0.00
70
390
360
o.doo <
<100
Sta.
No. 10
1015
23.0
3.6
2.0
8.0
310
302
8
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.01
56
22
9.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
20
230
168
1,000
<100
Sta.
No. 11
1035
19.0
6 2
2.4
8.2
478
438
40
0.60
0.22
0.22
0.15
92
24
13.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
20
330
256
9,000 360
500 <1
Sta.
No. 12
1120
20.0
8.6
6.2
8.0
696
616
80
4.40
0.00
0 19
0.01
108
36
48.0
330
0
0
500
0.00
47
420
300
,000 130
,000 3
Sta.
No. 13
1150
19.5
5.0
4.2
8.0
456
440
16
0.30
0.76
0.76
0.49
34
27
31.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
44
320
264
,000 66
,100
Sta.
No. 14
1650
23.0
9.2
2.2
8.4
466
428
38
0.10
0.17
0.11
0 20
88
27
21.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
28
330
272
,000 29
700
Sta.
No. 15
1720
22.0
9.2
2.0
8.5
458
430
28
0.10
0.17
0.16
0.11
96
27
19.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
27
350
264
,000
300
its.
No. 16
1700
20.5
8.0
1.6
8.3
576
540
36
0.30
0.07
0.11
0.04
108
24
9.0
0
0
0
0
0.00
21
370
200
900
1,000
NOTE: All constituents except pH are expressed as mg./l. unless otherwise noted.
53
-------
368
INTERSTATE WATER QUALITY MONITORING SAMPLING LOCATIONS
TRIBUTARIES TO NORTH MAUMEE BAY
1. North Tenmile Creek at Hicker Road, about 1/2 mile north of the
Michigan-Ohio line and 1 river mile from the state line, Monroe County.
2. Halfway Creek at Smith Road, about 1/2 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line and 7/10 river mile from the state line, Monroe County.
3. Halfway Creek at State Line Road in Lucas County, Ohio, about 1/10
mile south of the Michigan-Ohio line.
4. Halfway Creek at Alternate US-24, about 2/5 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line, Monroe County.
5. Silver Creek adjacent to N. Y. C. railroad tracks about 75 yards upstream
from its confluence with Halfway Creek, about 1/5 mile north of the
Michigan-Ohio line, Monroe County.
6. Ottawa River at Alternate US-24, in Lucas County, Ohio, about 3/5 miles
south of the Michigan-Ohio line.
7- Shantee Creek at Alternate US-24, about 1/5 mile north of the Michigan-
Ohio line, Monroe County.
54
-------
369
-------
370
i— CM i— i— r"** i— Ln
A «*•*
ro o co vD co o o
CT)
'— i— CO CO O
-
- i— iX> {Q
) in CM o cn
Lni-ncM«d-ro
«^j- ..•.
i-^Lni — ^CO
r-~CMi — <*
o o •— r--. o
C\j . - - -
i — r-^i — i — CQOO
i — i — CM C
o o -
..
iCQO
CM r— F-- r—
r-- o o o
^
- o
> o
g t<
o. • in •
__ tr O CD CO O t
I— l~ O CQ CLh- F— t
-------
371
APPENDIX J
RULES OF PROCEDURES FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTE
TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS
-------
372
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
WASTE TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS
Rules of Procedure
Rules 21 - 29
Hied with Secretary of State, January 26, 1970.
(By authority conferred upon the water resources commission by section 2 of Act
No. 245 of the Public Acts of 1929, as amended, being section 323.2 of the Compiled
Laws of 1948.)
R 323.21. Purpose.
Rule 21. Section 6 a of Act No. 245 of the Public Acts of 1929, as added by
Act No. 209 of the Public Acts of 1968, being section 323.206a of the Compiled Laws
of 1948, requires that every industrial or commercial entity which discharges liquid
wastes into any public lake or stream shall have waste treatment Facilities under the
specific supervision and control of persons who have been certified by the water
resources commission as being properly qualified to operate the facilities. These
rules set forth the requirements for certification of such operators.
R 323.22. Definitions.
Rule 22. (1) "Board" means the board of examiners established by the
commission.
(2) "Certificate" means a document issued by the commission attesting that a
person is properly qualified to operate or supervise the operation of certain
designated waste treatment facilities.
(3) "Commission" means the water resources commission, department of natural
resources.
(4) "Owner" means an industrial or commercial entity which discharges liquid
wastes into any public lake or stream.
(5) "Public lake or stream" means a lake or stream which is being used or is
capable of being used by the public or contains fish which are the property of the
public.
R 323.23. Classification of waste treatment facilities.
Rule 23. (1) Each waste treatment facility shall be classified by the commission
as to type. The commission shall notify the owner of the waste treatment facility of
its classification by issuing a certificate of classification. An owner who objects
to the assigned classification may appeal to the commission in accordance with the
commission's rules of procedure. Upon appeal, the commission shall schedule a hearing
and request the owner to present evidence to support his claim. After this hearing,
the commission shall determine the proper waste treatment facility classification.
59
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373
(2) Classifications shall be of 3 types, described as physical, chemical and
biological. Each of these classifications shall be further sub-divided into at
least 3 sub-classifications with the more complex facilities assigned the higher
numbers.
EXAMPLES OF WASTE TREATMENT PLANT CLASSIFICATIONS
A. PHYSICAL
Sub-Classification Ho. 1
Plain sedimentation
Screening
Spray pond
Skimming
Gravity separation
Flotation
Impoundment - regulated discharge
Sub-Classification No. 2
nitration
Thermo control - cooling towers
Incineration - land disposal
Radioactivity monitoring
Air flotation
Gas stripping
Centrifuging
Sub-Classification No. 3
Wet oxidation
Membrane filtration
B. CHEMICAL
Sub-Classification No. 1
Sludge conditioning
Neutralization
Evaporation - condensation
Adsorption
Absorption
Sub-Classification Mo. 2
Chemical coagulation
Precipitation
Emulsion breaking
Ion exchange
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Sub-Classification No. 3
Chemical oxidation - reduction
Chemical recovery
C. BIOLOGICAL
Sub-Classification No. 1
Extended aeration
Aerated lagoons
Natural stabilization basin
Sub-Classification No. 2
Disinfection
Trickling filters
Aerobic and anaerobic digestion
Sub-Classification No. 3
Activated sludge
R 323.24. Board of examiners.
Rule 24. The commission shall appoint a five-member board of examiners, of which
1 member shall be a member of the staff of the commission, 1 shall be a member of the
staff of the Michigan department of public health, 1 shall be an owner of a commercial
or industrial enterprise which operates a waste treatment facility or an employee of
such an owner, 1 shall be a holder of a certificate to operate or supervise the
operation of a waste treatment facility, and 1 shall be chosen at large. Of the
members first appointed, 1 shall be appointed for a term of 1 year, 2 for terms of
2 years and 2 for terms of 3 years. Thereafter, each member shall be appointed for
a term of 3 years. At its first meeting in each calendar year, the board shall
select, from its membership a chairman and such other officers as may be needed to
conduct its business. Members of the board shall be reimbursed for their actual
and necessary expenses in transacting board business.
R 323.25. Applications and examinations.
Rule 25. (1) A person desiring to be certified in 1 or more of the classifications
shall file an application with the commission at least 30 days before the established
date of the examination on an application form provided by the commission. The
information included therein shall constitute a part of the examination.
(2) The board shall, under the direction of the commission, examine applicants
for certification in order to determine their ability and qualifications, at such
times and places as it designates and in accordance with the provisions of these
rules. Examinations shall be held at least annually. Sixty days notice of the
examination date shall be given. The board, as a result of the examination and
the requirements of the act, shall recommend to the commission the issuance or
non-issuance of certificates.
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(3) The commission may maintain reciprocal certification with other states.
S 323.26. Qualifications for certification.
Rule 26. (1) The board may recommend for certification, following an oral
examination and such other examinations, including an evaluation of the applicant's
experience, as the board may require, persons with the following qualifications:
(a) Minimum requirements - all types of classification no. 1:
(i) The ability to read and write.
(ii) Comprehension of the principles and problems of management of the treatment
process and facilities.
(iii) The ability to perform arithmetic calculations necessary to operate the waste
treatment facility and prepare the required report to the commission.
(b) Minimum requirements - all types of classification no. 2:
(i) The equivalent of a high school education with the equivalent of high school
chemistry.
(ii) Comprehension of the principles and problems of management of the treatment
Nrocess and facilities.
(iii) The ability to perform arithmetic calculations necessary to carry out the
operation of the waste treatment facility and prepare the required report to the
commission.
(c) Minimum requirements - all types of classification no. 3:
(i) The equivalent of 2 years of college education in engineering, chemistry,
biological sciences or allied field. Graduation from high school and with at least
4 courses in post-high school level chemistry or biological sciences or both may be
considered to be equivalent.
(ii) Comprehension of the principles and problems of management of the treatment
process and facilities.
(2) The board may recommend for certification in an appropriate classification,
without written examination, or with oral examinations at the board's option, persons
having the following qualifications:
(a) Applicants who are registered professional engineers in Michigan and have
t least 2 years experience in the water pollution control or waste treatment field.
(b) Applicants who have a bachelor of science or higher degree in engineering,
chemistry, biological sciences, or allied field and have at least 3 years experience
in the water pollution control or waste treatment field.
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(c) Applicants who hold a classification no. 1 or 2 certificate, have at least
5 years experience in the water pollution control or waste treatment field, have
proven their competence in their present classification, and have successfully
completed advanced courses in 1 or more of the following: chemistry, biological
sciences and waste treatment operation.
(3) Oral examinations, when held by the board, shall determine the overall
knowledge of the applicant in regard to the operation of the type of facility the
applicant will be responsible for, and the possible effects of discharge of untreated
or inadequately treated waste upon the waters receiving the plant effluent.
(4) The commission may deny a certificate to a person who has given false
information in his application or who has been guilty of fraudulent practices in
his examination. This denial, or any other denial of a certificate, may be appealed
from in accordance with the commission's rules of procedure.
R 323.27. Renewal and revocation of certificates.
Rule 27. (1) A certificate is valid for 5 years from the next July 1st after
the date of issuance. On or after January 1 of the year in which a certificate
expires, the certified person may apply for renewal thereof. The commission may
waive re-examination if the certified operator's operation record justifies such
exceptions. Failure to apply for renewal shall result in termination of such
certification. The commission shall notify the certified operator and the owner
as to the action it has taken.
(2) If the certificate of an operator is not renewed within 30 days after its
renewal date, the commission shall give notice of the non-renewal to the owner and
the operator and 30 days thereafter certification shall be terminated unless
application for renewal has been received in the interim.
(3) The commission may revoke the certificate of a person, who after a hearing,
is adjudged incompetent or unable to properly perform the duties of operator in his
classification, or who has practiced fraud or falsification or who has been negligent
in the discharge of his duties. Notice of revocation shall be given to the owner and
to the person whose certification is being revoked.
R 323.28. Persons in responsible charge and changes.
Rule 28. (1) An owner shall designate a certified operator to be in
responsible charge of the day-to-day operation of each waste treatment facility
and shall inform the commission of the designation. The owner may replace the
designated operator with another properly certified operator at any time and shall
notify the commission within 10 days after the replacement.
(2) A certified operator who changes his address or place of employment shall
notify the commission thereof within 30 days after the change.
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R 323.29. Reports.
Rule 29. The person in responsible charge of a waste treatment facility shall
file with the commission, each month or at such longer interval as the commission
may designate, on forms provided by the commission, operating reports showing the
effectiveness of the treatment facility operation and the quantity and quality of
liquid wastes discharged into the public lake or stream. When the person in
responsible charge is not available to file the report, the owner may appoint
a substitute suitable to the commission to file the report.
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F. B. Frost
MR. FROST: If you would care to follow me in the
report, I will start on page 3.
At the reconvened conferences in Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1966; in Buffalo, New York, in 1967; and again in Cleve-
land in 1968 and 1969, the Michigan Water Resources Commis-
sion reviewed the pollution control program that had been
developed to abate pollution and enhance the Michigan waters
of Lake Erie and its tributaries. The reports outlined how
Michigan, in 1965, had established water quality goals for
the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie and how
a voluntary pollution abatement program had been formed with
the cooperation of industries and municipalities. The
reports further set down the effluent restrictions and
treatment facility construction time schedules required to
achieve the desired water quality goals. Finally, the reports
described the water quality, surveillance and effluent moni-
toring programs that have been established by the Michigan
Water Resources Commission.
This report reviews the compliance status of the
previously approved abatement programs and time schedules
and presents information on recent pollution control activi-
ties affecting water quality in Michigan's waters of Lake
Erie.
Under industrial and municipal compliance status,
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F. B. Frost
Appendix A lists the current performance status of the
industrial plants and municipal units which have stipula-
tions with the Michigan Water Resources Commission to con-
trol their waste discharges to the Detroit River and Lake
Erie.
Mr. Chairman, this is a rather short paragraph,
but it is one of the most important in the entire report.
Appendix A lists all of those units, industrial units and
municipal units, that have stipulations with the Commission
and gives the status of their compliance. I intend to
review this in more detail as we come to it.
Continuing, Appendix B lists the Michigan indus-
tries and municipalities which have discharges in Michigan's
portion of the Lake Erie-Detroit River Basin and indicates
those which have nutrient discharges that affect Lake Erie
water quality. There are essentially no industries which
presently discharge nutrients to the Detroit River or Lake
Erie without prior treatment or partial removal. In accor-
dance with Michigan's approved interstate standards plan
of implementation, all affected units of government will
be expected to accomplish phosphorus removal by June 1,
1977, at the latest. Earlier compliance dates are being
required of most of these governmental units.
Water quality standards. Michigan has adopted
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F. B. Frost
water quality standards and designated uses for all of its
intrastate waters and interstate waters. The Federal Govern-
ment has approved these standards with the exception of
temperature standards for fish, wildlife and other aquatic
life for interstate waters. Revised thermal standards were
the subject of a public hearing held on March 19, 1970.
In regard to the construction grant program, in
June 1969, the Michigan State Legislature passed legislation
to implement the $285 million bond program for construction
of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The bond money
will enable communities to receive grants up to 55 percent
of the cost of construction of treatment works and inter-
cepting sewers. This is divided into a 25 percent outright
State grant, a 25 percent State advance of anticipated future
Federal funds, and an expected 5 percent Federal grant. An
additional $50 million bond issue was approved by Michigan
voters for construction of collecting sewers, and implement-
ing legislation was passed in July 1969.
Michigan has recognized its commitment by assist-
ing its communities in financing needed treatment facilities
and by advancing State bond moneys for anticipated Federal
funds. It is requiring local units to provide the remaining
funds with the assurance that their advanced share will be
reimbursed by future Federal moneys before the State receives
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F. B. Frost
reimbursement.
A priority list of projects has been developed
and has been approved by the Commission and the legislature.
At each monthly meeting of the Commission, a report is pre-
sented which lists changes in the status of grant offers and
developments since the previous month's meeting and summarizes
all action to date. The report submitted at the May 1970
meeting is included in Appendix C.
And interjected here, as Governor Milliken reported
this morning, to date there has been some $58 million in
grant offers covering total construction costs of $140 million.
In 1970, there are 48 projects on the priority list covering
total construction costs of about $270 million.
Water quality surveillance of the Michigan waters
of Lake Erie and its tributaries. The water quality surveil-
lance program established by Michigan was described in
detail to the conferees at Buffalo in 1967. The sampling
and testing of the Detroit River and Lake Erie at 72 loca-
tions is continuing and the data obtained from 1966-1969 is
available in a report published in January 1970 entitled
"Water Quality Surveillance Program, Detroit River-Lake
Erie." Similar data for the 88 municipal and industrial
waste discharges along the Detroit, Rouge, Huron and Raisin
Rivers will be published in June 1970. This report will
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F. B. Frost
include all 1969 data and a summary of the 1968 data.
And in summary here, sir, reviewing the data that
have been obtained during the years 1966 to 1969 and recog-
nizing that reporting average has very little meaning, it
is difficult to show any significant changes in the Detroit
River in relation to the dissolved oxygen in total column.
However, there does seem to be a considerable lowering of
concentration of suspended solids in chlorides. And as we
go through the report, particularly Appendix A, I think we
can show the probable reason for that.
Continuing on page 5, the water quality monitoring
of Greak Lakes tributary streams was initiated by the Water
Resources Commission in May 1955 to obtain background radio-
activity information. The monitoring program has since
been expanded to its present level of 46 stations located
throughout the State. In 1969 eight of these stations were
located in Detroit River, Lake Erie or their tributaries.
The results of the 1969 sampling of these stations are pre-
sented in Appendix D.
Beginning in 1963 thei monitoring program was
expanded to obtain a variety of background data on the
quality of water flowing into the Great Lakes and connect-
ing waters by way of the principal watersheds in Michigan's
Lower Peninsula. The specific objectives of the program are
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F. B. Frost
to determine long-term trends in the chemical, physical and
bacteriological characteristics of these tributaries. The
monitoring stations are located as close as possible to the
mouths of the drainage basins and below all known sources
of waste. Three such stations are tributary to the Detroit
River or Lake Erie. A summary of results of analyses of the
samples collected at these stations and from the Ecorse River
in 1969 are presented in Appendix E.
Beginning in 1967 the Commission inaugurated a
program of sampling of raw water from the Great Lakes.
Samples are collected annually from water treatment plant
intakes. The intent of the program is to establish existing
water quality and to indicate long-term changes in water
quality. Four intakes are located in the Detroit River or
Lake Erie. The results of analyses of the samples collected
at these stations in 1969 are presented in Appendix F.
In addition to the program conducted by the Water
Resources Commission, the Michigan Department of Public
Health requires that each water treatment plant submit
monthly operating reports which contain results of physical,
chemical and bacteriological tests which are made on the raw
water supply. The two programs supplement each other and
furnish fairly complete documentation of the water quality
at water intakes.
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F. B. Frost
The Michigan Water Resources Commission conducts
an annual summer sampling program of Michigan's Great Lakes
coastline surface waters. The program, initiated in 1965,
is designed to provide bacteriological data during the
summer recreation and vacation season of June to September.
Twenty-two of these sampling points are located on Lake
Erie or the Detroit River. Appendix G presents a summary
of the 1969 data collected at these stations.
In conjunction with the existing program for moni-
toring the bacterial quality, a program was started in 1969
to collect qualitative and quantitative algal data from the
coastline surface waters during the summer recreation season.
Chemical and physical analyses of water samples were collec-
ted concurrently with the algal samples. The data that was
collected in 1969 at the eight stations located on Lake
Erie or the Detroit River is presented in Appendix H.
Part of Michigan's plan of implementation for
protection of interstate waters was to establish a long-
range surveillance program on these waters. In addition to
the previously mentioned annual sampling of water intakes,
the interstate river basins are sampled near Michigan's
borders and above and below possible problem areas. These
locations are sampled twice a year, once during a high flow
period and once during a low flow period. Two such basins
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F. B. Frost
are tributary to Lake Erie, the Maumee River Basin and the
tributaries to North Maumee Bay. The results of analyses
of the samples collected in these two basins in 1969 are
presented in Appendix I.
In 1969 a comprehensive survey of the water
quality in the Ecorse River, a tributary of the Detroit
River, was conducted by the staff of the Commission. The
results of this survey and a concurrent survey by the
Michigan Department of Public Health have been published in
August 1969 in a report entitled "Ecorse River Water Quality
Study, May-July 1969". Further investigations are in progress
to correct problems in this basin.
I will skip data processing here and go to thermal
monitoring.
Staff of the Commission have conducted investiga-
tions of major sources of thermal inputs to the Great Lakes
in the last two years, including most of the power plants
that discharge to Lake Erie or the Detroit River. Additional
surveys and resurveys will be conducted in the summer of
1970. The data will be made available in published form.
In this regard, the two major heat sources on the
Detroit River, the Detroit Edison Conners Creek plant and
channel plant, were studied. Warm water could be detected
below these discharges one mile and 3 miles respectively.
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B. F. Frost
Both discharges were fo-nd to follow the west bank of the
river with very little lateral or vertical mixing occurring.
Biological effects of the plumes have yet to be evaluated.
Plume patterns from the Consumers Power Company,
J. R. Whiting Plant on Lake Erie have been established by
Dr. John Ayers, University of Michigan. The plume extends
into the lake a maximum of 3,750 feet with the size and
shape varying as to wind direction and velocity. Biological
aspects of Huron have not yet been evaluated.
Industries with significant thermal discharges
are being required (in new Orders of Determination) to conduct
pre and post operative surveys in the vicinity of their dis-
charges. Several of the power plants that discharge to Lake
Erie or the Detroit River have employed technical staff or
have engaged consultants to conduct investigations.
With regard to pesticide monitoring, a Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration (now Federal Water
Quality Administration) grant for $40,000 was awarded to the
Water Resources Commission on October 1, 1969, for pesticide
monitoring of the Michigan portion of the Great Lakes Basin.
Staff has been hired and the laboratory enlarged and improved
to implement this program.
In the Lake Erie-Detroit River Basin, monthly water
and sediment samples will be collected at four locations,
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B. F. Frost
biological monitoring with clams will be conducted approxi-
mately four times annually at these locations and water
samples will be collected annually from two water intakes.
Regarding duck mortality studies, continued interest
in preventing waterfowl mortalities in the Detroit River
area dictated the continuation of studies initiated in the
winter of 1967-68. Random samples of ducks were again collec-
ted in two general areas on the Detroit River during the
winter months of 1968-69.
Autopsies were performed and feathers were analyzed
for the presence of foreign oil accumulations. It is hoped
that this program will provide further insight in the
wintering problems of these waterfowl and give further
direction in preventing winter mortalities in this area.
Regarding control of pollution from watercraft, as
previously reported, the Michigan Water Resources Commission
in January 1968 adopted rules and regulations to control
pollution from marine toilets on watercraft. The rules do
not allow the macerator-chlorinator and do authorize the use
of holding tanks or incinerators. The rules became effective
January 1, 1970. Private marina operators are installing
pump-out stations and treatment facilities where needed and
the Michigan Waterways Commission has accelerated its program
to provide similar facilities at state harbors of refuge on
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B. F. Frost
the Great Lakes.
In the matter of mandatory certification of indus-
trial treatment plant operators, Act 209, Public Acts of
1968, requires that all industrial or commercial establish-
ments discharging liquid wastes into the waters of the State
shall have waste treatment facilities under the specific
supervision of persons who have been certified by the Water
Resources Commission as properly qualified to operate the
facilities. It further requires that monthly operating
reports shall be filed with the Commission showing the
effectiveness of the treatment facility operation and the
quantity of the wastes discharged. The Commission has set
January 1, 1971, as the date the Act becomes effective. The
first examination of operators will be held on September 9,
1970. The rules of certification are contained in Appendix J.
Now, for just a moment, Appendix A. This is the
status of the stipulations that exist with the industries
and municipalities along the Detroit River and Lake Erie.
I will take each one individually. We will start with the
industrial discharges.
Number one is the Allied Chemical Corporation,
Semet Solvay Division. And here a phenol problem has been
solved by a deep well disposal. However, we are having some
trouble with the deep well, and operation has not been what
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B. F. Frost
we had hoped. And certain changes are being made.
Under the Solvay Process Division, the company has
ceased operation at this location. In this matter, I would
like to indicate the significance of this.
In 1966, on the stipulation side, there were 3
corporations that had major discharges of chloride — Allied
Chemical, Solvay Process Division, the Wyandotte Chemical
Corporation North Plant and South Plant, and the Pennwalt
Company East Plant and West Plant. The total number of
pounds of chlorides covered by those stipulations was 5.2
million pounds per day.
Ceasing operations at the Solvay Processing Divi-
sion removed 2.8 million pounds of that chloride or some 54,
55 percent. The chlorides from those sources have been
removed since 1966. That is one of the explanations for
lowering of chloride in the Detroit River.
Continuing, the American Cement Corporation, the
Jefferson Street plant is now in compliance. The Brennan
Street plant was in existence, but not in operation when the
stipulations were developed. It has since gone into opera-
tion, and a new stipulation has been developed with the
company. And they are under construction for improved
treatment.
Consolidated Packaging Corporation, this is a paper
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B. F. Frost
mill at Monroe. They had primary treatment, and they had
a contract signed with the City of Monroe for secondary
treatment. The completion of this depends upon the comple-
tion of the Monroe plant.
Consolidated Packaging, South Side Division, is
in the same category.
Darling and Company in Melvindale is in compliance.
E. I. duPont deNemours and Company in Ecorse has
to go out of operation.
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company had a waste
pickling acid problem. This is now being hauled out and
used by another industry, and the company is now in compliance.
The Ford Motor Company, Monroe plant, is completely
in compliance.
The Rouge plant is in partial compliance. The
iron in suspended solids on two outlets are not in compliance.
This has been recognized by the Commission. A final order
of determination has been issued. Construction is underway
on one of the sewers and construction is being prepared for
the second.
In regard to the pickling acid conversion to hydro-
chloric acid, steel pickling from these lines with all spent
liquor returned to the supplier has eliminated most dissolved
iron discharges from the plant.
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B. F. Frost
Regarding the suspended solids, again, surveillance
date of 1969 identified two waste outlets discharging sus-
pended solids, and these are iron solids, including phenol,
and in excess of the stipulation limits. Commission declared
company in default of the stipulation and adopted a final
order of determination on May 20, 1970, requiring full com-
pliance by November 15, 1971. Data since then has indicated
that the phenols are probably in compliance. These are way
below the stipulated limits. And regarding iron and sus-
pended solids, correction of one automatically corrects the
other.
National Steel Corporation at the steel rolling
mill in Ecorse, here is partial compliance, too, of one,
and the lead containing soluble oil is not in compliance.
The steps taken to put this into compliance did not work out,
and the company came to the Commission and asked for an
extension of time to construct additional facilities. These
*,
are under construction.
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, I wonder if it isn't
possible for us to shorten this. It is physically impossible
for us to assimilate all this. While the report from the
State of Michigan is very complete, couldn't it be put into
the record?
I am afraid if every one of the States does this,
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F. B. Frost
we will be here for quite a long time.
MR. STEIN: Well, I do think we are going to let
each State make the presentation in its own way.
Also, I think we have to recognize these are
important. And this does deal with Detroit, but it is up
to the State. I am not going to cut him off.
And you proceed in your own way.
MR. PURDY: Well, Mr. Stein, I would have no
objection to placing this in the record if at the end of
this conference no conclusions would be reached. That is
that there would be, then, time for the conferees to read
this report and meet at a later date to reach conclusions.
But if at the end of this conference the conferees are
expected to reach some conclusions, I think it is important
that we understand what is in the report at the present time,
MR. STEIN: Well, maybe we can settle that now.
I am not sure, and I didn't want to jump into this tonight
without giving the conferees an opportunity to sleep on
this overnight. And I think in view of the workshop we are
going to have and the material that is going to be adduced
there, it might be unrealistic to think we are going to have
conclusions at the end of this conference. We may reconvene
after the workshops are completed, but I would hate to give
you or ask you for an immediate judgment from the conferees
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F. B. Frost
on that question on this short notice. I was going to leave
that question with you for consideration over the night.
You possibly may want to meet with your staff or
get together in several States and caucus on this. That
would be a sensible approach to me.
But in any event, why don't you proceed in the
way you wish.
MR. PURDY: Well, beyond that, you have mentioned
that there will be workshops in the other States and at that
time, you will expect to go into the situations in detail
in those States.
MR. STEIN: Yes, sir.
MR. PURDY: There are no workshops scheduled here
in Michigan, and this is the time for Michigan to place the
detailed record.
MR. STEIN: I think your point is well taken, sir.
And as I said, this is the meeting we are going to have in
Detroit.
MR. LYON: I would like to ask Mr. Purdy, then,
how you expect the conferees to reach conclusions based on
this amount of detail. It is physically impossible. It
is a question in persistency, too, whether we can sit and
listen to all this detail. I don't see how we can reach
conclusions based on this large amount of detail.
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F. B. Frost
MR. STEIN: May I make a suggestion? I think we
have raised an issue. I think to get on with this, I am
going to let Mr. Purdy proceed in his own manner as we do
with every State. I would suggest conferees consider this
question overnight, and we might arrive at a judgment on
how we can best handle it. But I don't think that at this
hour of the day, we are going to be very productive in try-
ing to discuss this here and come up with a solution.
So would you proceed, Mr. Purdy, with the presenta-
tion?
MR. PURDY: I would guess there are only about
10 or 15 more minutes, and I would like to present in the
way we were going.
MR. STEIN: Right. Mr. Frost, go on.
MR. FROST: Mr. Chairman, I would guess there are
two or three more minutes.
MR. STEIN: Go ahead. No one is going to be cut
off. Keep going.
MR. FROST: All right. I believe I was on National
Steel Corporation, the steel rolling mill in Ecorse, in
which there is partial compliance. One sewer containing
soluble oils has a new treatment plant under construction
there.
The 80-inch hot strip mill is in compliance.
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F. B. Frost
At the blast furnace, there is one sewer there with
excess quantities of suspended solids. The company has been
with the Commission. A revised stipulation has developed in
which construction is under way for a new treatment plant.
McLouth Steel Corporation is in compliance.
The Mobil Oil Corporation is in compliance. The
stipulation here referred only to suspended solids in oil.
Later a phenol problem was discovered, and this was brought
to the management's attention. And the management has
informed us as of this week that treatment facilities will
be in place by February 1 of 1971 to reduce the phenols 90-
plus percent.
Monsanto Company, the Trenton plant is in compliance,
The Trenton resin plant is in compliance.
The two Pennwalt Corporation plants are in com-
pliance .
Revere Copper and Brass is in compliance.
Scott Paper Company. Here was a major source of
BOD in solution. A pulp mill with 25,000 pounds of BOD has
been discontinued. The paper mill has been connected to the
City of Detroit sewer system for treatment.
Time Container, another paper mill, Monroe, in its
secondary treatment is dependent, too, on the City of Monroe.
Union Bag Camp Corporation is in the same category,
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F. B. Frost
another paper mill in Monroe.
Wyandotte Chemicals, the North Works, is in com-
pliance.
The South Works is in compliance. And there is
a note here. Discharges of mercury discovered in March 1970
were halted by a court order obtained April 16, 1970, per-
manently enjoining mercury discharges.
If I can just have one more minute for a summary —
MR. STEIN: No one is cutting you off, Mr. Frost.
Go ahead.
MR. FROST: I keep waiting for the bell to ring
somewhere.
(Laughter.)
MR. STEIN: If you only hear it inside your head,
it is not.
MR. FROST: On original schedule and in compliance
are municipalities like Trenton, Luna Pier, Estral Beach,
Wyne County, Wyandotte plant and the Trenton plant in Grosse
lie Township.
In industrial, I have Allied Chemical-Solvay Process,
Darling and Company, American Cement, duPont, Firestone,
Great Lakes Steel, 80", McLouth Steel, Mobil Oil, Monsanto
Trenton plant, Monsanto resin plant, Pennwalt East and
Pennwalt West, Revere Copper, Scott paper, Wyandotte Chemical
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F. B. Frost
north plant and south plant, and Ford-Monroe. These are in
compliance on original schedule.
On a modified schedule, but in compliance, Monroe
Township in Monroe County, Consolidated Packaging Corpora-
tion, North and South, Union Bag Corporation, and Time Con-
tainer.
Partial compliance on a modified schedule, addi-
tional voluntary controls, progress underway, there are no
municipalities under here, but Great Lakes Steel-Ecorse,
Great Lakes Steel-Blast Furnace, and Semet Solvay.
Behind schedule, enforcement action taken by the
Water Resources Commission, modified schedules set by final
order, the City of Monroe, Frenchtown Township, Monroe
County and Ford Motor Company, Rouge plant.
Behind schedule, enforcement action upheld by court,
modified schedule set by court, there is one under munici-
pality, Berlin Township.
Behind schedule, Commission action pending, there
are tv/o under municipality, Detroit and Riverview.
This accounts for the 12 stipulations for munici-
palities and the 25 stipulations for industry.
That concludes my portion of the report, sir.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Chairman, we recognize that on the
modified schedules, these will have to be considered by the
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F. B. Frost
conferees.
MR. STEIN: Right.
Now, let me say at least the way I look at this
evaluation. By and large, your industrial waste sources
on the Detroit River are in compliance for the river really
to be cleaned up. The ones not in compliance depend on
connecting to municipal systems, whether it is municipal
treatment in Monroe or Detroit or someplace else. Is this
a fair statement?
MR. FROST: Well, the Detroit River, the Ford
Company is not on it.
MR. STEIN: Yes, the Ford Motor Company.
MR. FROST: And the Great Lakes Division of
National Steel Corporation. This is a soluble oil company
problem to be solved by the company itself.
MR. STEIN: I understand.
MR. FROST: I think you are thinking of the paper
mills in Monroe. There are four there all dependent upon
the city of Monroe for secondary treatment.
MR. STEIN: But by and large, except for Ford and
National Steel, the industries are in compliance on the
Detroit River?
MR. FROST: Yes, sir.
MR. STEIN: Now, is Wyandotte Chemical putting
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F. B. Frost
out any mercury at all?
MR. FROST: I can't say it is zero. It is almost
an immeasurable amount.
MR. STEIN: I just raise this not as a pollution
point but to make the record clear. Are there still
discharges of chlorides from various chemical plants into
the Detroit River?
MR. FROST: There has been no reduction in the
discharge of chlorides from either Wyandotte Chemical or
Pennwalt.
MR. STEIN: All right, I think as far as I can
see, that clarifies it. I think it is a very clear report,
by the way.
I would like to say this to Mr. Lyon: I am not
saying we necessarily need this orally. But I have found
that if we attempt to have any less of a detailed report
than has been given by Michigan — and I think they gave a
very good report — we don't have sufficient detail to answer
the questions here. We can't answer them to the press and
the citizens, and I am sure I can't answer them when we get
back to Washington. We found this over periods of operation
where we have kind of developed a plan of notification of
various things that we put in. I think this is no dif-
ferent than the State. Essentially, it is when they retain
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F. B. Frost
engineers, preliminary plans, detailed plans, arrange
financing, initiate construction and complete construction.
Unless you have that in detail on each specific phase, I am
not sure we know where we are. And then we have to have the
analyses.
Let me ask one more question. How much do you
think Ford is out of compliance? How long are they going
to be over?
MR. FROST: Well, on the tailrace — and this
is from the Porter House — this is under construction now.
And the company assures us the construction will be com-
pleted in January of 1971. The specialty foundry, and this
is a solid material, iron ore solids, this requires an
entirely new treatment plant which is now under design. And
I think the date for completion of construction is November
of 1971.
I did misspeak myself here on Wyandotte Chemical.
There has been a reduction in chlorides resulting from the
treatment of mercury. This has been disposed of into deep
wells.
MR. STEIN: Yes, I think Mr. Purdy referred to
that before. In other words, the Ford Company is running
from about a year-and-a-half to 2 years late.
MR. FROST: On one outlet, yes, sir.
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F. B. Frost
MR.PURDY: Mr. Stein, I would like to ask one
question of Mr. Frost. This is with respect to the
specialty foundry sewer. It is my understanding that a
treatment facility was built, but it failed to operate as
guaranteed.
MR. FROST: That is correct.
MR. PURDY: And that now it has been determined
that this treatment plant will have to be replaced entirely
and that such facilities are under design.
MR. FROST: This is correct. This was a formalized
treatment plant provided by the company which did not work
properly.
MR. STEIN: Right.
By the way, this happens in every business. And
it happened over and over again in a lot of municipal and
industrial complexes. But again let me put it to you this
way: I think the program is fine. But when we first came
here, the big source of pollution that was visible to every-
one was the discharges from the city of Detroit and from
down below, from Monroe and those other places, which
resulted in the closing of Sterling State Park for swimming.
This included the discharges of the River Rouge area — and
Ford is the biggest operator there. I think with all the
progress we have to make, as far as I can see, the Sterling
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F. B. Frost
State Park is still going to be closed this summer. Ford is
behind. And we will hear from Detroit. But if they are
behind, too, I think we still have the big things that we
came out here on when we first came on the case and may not
still be in compliance.
And I recognize that these are very real problems
and very complex problems. There might be very good reasons
for them.
Are there any further comments or questions?
MR. MAYO: One question. I would appreciate it
if Mr. Frost would expand just a little bit on the nature
of the phenol problem at the Semet Solvay Division and also
the cyanide problem at McLouth Steel.
MR. FROST: All right. Semet Solvay Division is
a coal company division processing phenol. About 1955, it
built and operated for years a phenol recovery plant. They
just rebuilt the coke ovens within the last 2 or 3 years.
The phenol recovery plant was not an economical thing to
operate, and they decided to go to deep well disposal with
this particular waste. And the deep well was built, and it
operated for some time, but not very long before troubles
developed in the engine pressures. And they are beginning
to remedy this now. And this is under way there.
The company is fully confident that they can
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F. B. Frost
correct the problem.
MR. MAYO: Will they be going to new phenol
recovery facilities?
MR. FROST: No, deep well disposal.
MR. MAYO: They will continue with deep well dis-
posal?
MR. FROST: Yes.
MR. STEIN: I would like to ask both the Federal
conferee, Mr. Mayo, and the State people — Now that this
process is on record and going again, do you feel that deep
well disposal meets the new Federal policy on deep under-
ground well systems?
MR. MAYO: Certainly Secretary Hickel has raised
the spectrum of the appropriateness of deep well disposal
of wastes when there may be available viable alternatives
for the removal and disposal of those wastes. And certainly
we just offer at this time the observation that if they
were having difficulty getting rid of the wastes in the deep
well disposal, perhaps these are technical difficulties that
can be overcome. But I just comment that certainly deep
well disposal in terms of the Department of the Interior
approach should be considered as essentially the last alter-
native and not resorted to if there are other practical
means of getting rid of the phenol.
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Nina Johnson
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or
questions?
MR. FROST: I didn't complete my answer, Mr.
Chairman. He asked about the cyanide from McLouth Steel.
McLouth Steel does not have its own coke ovens.
It purchased coke. Last winter we detected cyanide coming
from the outlet. This was traced to the coke purchased at
that time. We brought this to the company's attention and
asked that they take immediate steps to reduce this. The
immediate steps were for chlorination of this material, the
waste from the gas moistures on the blast furnace. And
this reduced it some 90 percent. It is still down in that
level.
The permanent solution has not been arrived at
yet. We don't know whether we still have a coke of this
type that will continue to be used in this way. But the
control is achieved by chlorination.
MR. STEIN: Any other problems, questions?
(No response.)
Thank you very much, Mr. Frost.
Mr. Purdy.
MR. PURDY: I am wondering if Nina Johnson is in
the audience at the present time. If so, I would like to
have her make her statement now.
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Nina Johnson
MR. STEIN: Mr. Purdy or Mr. Frost, I want to
commend you people on a very excellent report. This is, I
think, a thorough, comprehensive, clear and candid report
and presents the conferees with a full picture. Thank you
very much.
STATEMENT OF NINA M. JOHNSON
WATER RESOURCES CHAIRMAN
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN
MRS. JOHNSON: I would first like to say it is
very difficult for a mother and a housewife to come here
representing the League of Women Voters and be faced with
these mountains of very technical information. I have tried
to go over some of it, and I certainly admire the attention
and the expertise that has appeared here.
I am Nina M. Johnson, Water Resources Chairman
of the League of Women Voters of Ann Arbor, Michigan, which
is a participating member of the League of Women Voters
Lake Erie Basin Committee.
Our members have been studying the administration
of water resources at all levels of government since the
mid-1950's. Across the nation League members have actively
supported policies and procedures which promote comprehensive
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Nina Johnson
long-range planning for conservation and development of
water resources and improvement of water quality.
In the Lake Erie Basin League members in New York,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan support the imple-
mentation of the Enforcement Conference recommendations.
In addition, they support the setting and enforcement of
the highest possible standards of water quality; coordinated,
cooperative planning, effective implementation and enforce-
ment, and adequate funding of efficient administration.
Lessons from past environmental changes indicate
environmental repair is difficult to justify economically
or politically once the damage has occurred. Too often it
has been too easy to cast the blame on neighbors while
ignoring the local problems which also contribute to the
whole mess.
However, part of this is because the public is
woefully uninformed. Few citizens know the true facts.
Fewer are familiar with local or regional organizations
formed to expedite action. It is even difficult for the
informed citizen to pinpoint responsibility. This is not
surprising if one surveys the legislation, regulations, and
directives which have begat agencies, departments, commis-
sions, offices, and district, basin, and regional organiza-
tions — all stacked into a gigantic inefficient bureaucracy
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Nina Johnson
and sapping the financial needs for effective pollution
control mechanisms.
The principal result of the alarm over Lake Erie,
which triggered the first Enforcement in 1965, has been con-
ferences, papers, meetings, studies, talk and more talk. The
eutrophication of Lake Erie continues to accelerate.
Dissolved solids build up in the lake. Pollutants
continue to pour into Erie's waters. Mayflies have given
way to sludge worms, in some areas numbering up to 30,000
per square yard. Decreasing varieties of algae are burgeon-
ing in numbers. Oxygen depletions have increased in extent
and duration. Trapped nutrients threaten to make Lake Erie's
algal overproductivity self-sustaining. Bacterial contami-
nation fouls our beaches. Solid wastes litter our shores.
Flushing and dumping of brines and oils are in common
practice. Concentrations of toxic metals and exotic chemi-
cals create emergencies. This conglomerate mixed with
radioactivity, viral contamination, and thermal pollution
can toll the death knell of Lake Erie.
In the Lake Erie Report of August 1968, there
was a rundown of the municipality waste problem and the
industrial problem. And the conformity to those schedules
of abatement can best be described as dilatory with munici-
palities. But municipalities are faced with seeking funds
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Nina Johnson
debased by inflation, justifying expenditures to an apathetic
public, awaiting plan approval and program decisions. These
are only some of the hurdles facing municipalities beset
by skyrocketing costs of crisis after crisis.
Industry, because of its very nature, has been a
little more efficient than government. But the fact of the
matter is, we have fallen behind the schedule. Efforts we
are making do not keep up with commercial and industrial
development and the increasing demands of an expanding
population.
We are not so naive that we hope Lake Erie can be
returned to a pristine condition. Nor do we believe an
effective reclamation effort can be accomplished in a day
or a year. But it is evident that unless a decision can be
made for a rational basis of management, Lake Erie will soon
face a cataclysm which will make present difficulties mild
by comparison. The Lake Erie Basin requires a management
program which will provide clear policy guidelines for the
establishment of priorities and the enforcement of quality
standards. The program should include population factors,
power consumption, waste disposal, industrial development,
land management, political coordination, and provision for
extensive public information projects.
Until elected and appointed officials have the
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Nina Johnson
courage to face up to the public, to industry, and to the
respective governmental bodies involved, with this kind of
a clear and comprehensive program which distinctly spells
out the social and economic costs, quite frankly, we will
continue to waste our time and money.
This is not a new nor radical idea. The Delaware
River Basin Commission has organized the efforts of four
States and shows progress in coping with matters of concern
in that area. The Tennessee Valley Authority has provided
a model for river basin development around the world. The
British River Boards, established in 1963, were designed to
identify a priority of uses and to establish channels for
beneficiaries of water quality to provide a fair share of
water management costs. Their success is receiving world-
wide attention.
Earth Day was the focal point of the frustration
being experienced by many across the land — particularly
the young. They are raising legitimate questions of our
assignment of values and priorities. It might be well for
us to remember that the 18-to-25 year age group is the most
viable political force in our country today.
To keep faith with the growing number of concerned
citizens steps need to be taken which will provide meaning-
ful results within a relatively short period of time.
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Nina Johnson
First, strong and active support by the Adminis-
tration for full funding of the $1.25 billion appropriation
for matching moneys for construction of municipal treatment
plants and interceptors is an essential ingredient of a
massive campaign to clean up Lake Erie.
The rest of the possible areas of action would not
require exhaustive studies, detailed engineering, or large
capital investments.
By legislation or taxation a limit of phosphate
content could be imposed upon detergents, a limit of, perhaps,
10 percent. Rather than rushing headlong into accepting NTA
detergents which are still subject to question, let us
rigidly control one of the substances which we know plays
a major role in the eutrophication of Lake Erie.
An imposition of a moratorium on the use of salt
for icy streets and roads for a period of 3 to 5 years would
provide sufficient time to determine how important this
practice is to the chloride content of our lake.
With DDT already prohibited in Canada and Michigan,
a ban on the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the lake
basin might prevent the critical situation now present in
other of the Great Lakes.
Seemingly insurmountable social and political
barriers have prevented efficient development and protection
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Nina Johnson
of Lake Erie. Conservation, health, industrial development,
recreation -- all are different aspects of our water prob-
lems. Even departments and agencies of government view the
same problems differently. Too many agencies more readily
identify with entities they regulate than with the public
they should protect. We need a planned program which can
assess and coordinate the differences for the benefit of all
of us.
Will the future show us resorting to auctioning
our lakes and rivers to the highest bidder? Or do we want
to maintain and protect our waters as a valuable national
resource? The crisis is now. Shall we wait for catastrophe
before we really come to grips with our problems? If we
wait until tomorrow to make our decision, it will be too
late.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mrs. Johnson.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
Thank you very much.
Mr. Purdy.
MR. PURDY: I have one comment, not a question,
Mrs. Johnson. I have no argument with your statement. You
did note in this the fact that industry has met its obligations
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P. M. Reid
somewhat more efficiently than municipalities. And by and
large, the problem with municipalities has been the matter
of financing. And here it seems that everyone wishes to
wait for their turn for a State and Federal grant. And if
we are going to meet what apparently the public wishes in
the way of an accelerated program of pollution control, this
means that somebody is going to have to go ahead without
waiting for Federal and State grants, as I see things today.
I cannot foresee State grants and Federal grants building
up to the level to where we can progress as rapidly as we
should in municipal pollution control projects. So, there-
fore, we, the people, must be ready to say that we are
willing to go ahead and build municipal waste treatment
plants without waiting for grants. And I hope I see that
today.
I would like to call now upon Mr. Reid of the
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments.
STATEMENT OF PAUL M. REID
DIRECTOR, PLANNING DIVISION
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
MR. REID: Thank you, Mr. Purdy.
Mr. Stein and by now worried conferees, I shall
observe the admonition of the mother whale who said to her
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P. M. Reid
young, "Remember, it is when you are spouting you are most
likely to get harpooned."
The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments,
successor to the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning
Commission, has long been concerned with the development of
water pollution abatement plans and the implementation of
such plans in the southeastern Michigan region. In October
1967 the former commission adopted a long-range water supply
and a long-range sewer and treatment plan for its then 4-county
jurisdiction of Wayne, Oakland, Macomb and Washtenaw Counties.
The sewerage plan was based on the study and plan formed by
the National Sanitation Foundation previously. The area of
responsibility was extended to 6 counties, adding Monroe and
St. Glair, when the Council of Governments was established
in January 1968. Steps were instituted shortly thereafter
to expand the original water supply plan and the sewerage
plan to the full 6-county region and to meet the objections
of several of the counties to some elements of these plans.
From the outset, the former Regional Planning
Commission and the now Council of Governments has been con-
cerned with a regional approach to the problems of water
pollution abatement. We were very happy to hear George
Milliken this morning put emphasis on the regional approach.
We recognize that governmental agencies and private
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P. M. Reid
enterprise are both responsible for the pollution problems.
We also realize that governmental agencies primarily are
responsible for the development of pollution abatement plans
and programs on a regional scale.
Further, the Council of Governments is keenly aware
of its obligation and the challenge to formulate plans and
undertake actions, not only to alleviate the current situa-
tion, but also to prevent pollution in the future. Both
current and future pollution abatement are very intimately
related to the extent of population and economic growth on
the one hand, and to the patterns and arrangement of land
uses on the other. Involved likewise are other facilities
such as transportation, recreational areas, open spaces and
new urban areas, etc., all of which are basic components of
a comprehensive regional development plan. In this connec-
tion, it is a highly relevant fact of urban development that,
in acres, since the 1950's it has been increasing at twice
the rate of population growth. The development and occupation
of raw land for residential, industrial and commercial and
other purposes has been greatly accelerated by the modern
process of urbanization.
Our agency participated with county and local units
of government in the process of establishing intrastate water
quality standards in the Detroit region, as undertaken by the
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P. M. Reid
Michigan Water Resources Commission. The setting of these
standards for various streams and bodies of water has been
a beneficial step in determining the critical conditions for
pollution abatement.
In updating and expanding the regional sanitary
sewerage plan, we have sought to get the 6 member counties
to develop their own county plans as a first step. Several
have already done so. In other counties, the problem has
been to obtain agreement on a county sanitary sewerage plan
by some of the local units of government involved. Recent
actions taken by the Michigan Water Resources Commission have
now provided the basis for the resolution of most of these
intracounty and intercounty problems.
As the certified areawide review agency, it is the
responsibility of the Council of Governments — which is con-
stituted under State law as the official planning agency —
to prepare reviews and comments on all applications originating
in the region for Federal grants-in-aid on water pollution
abatement projects. These review statements are concerned
with the relation and harmony of such proposed projects with
regional plans. In discharge of that obligation, we have in
the 29 months since January 1, 1968, examined and prepared
letters of review and comment on 57 such projects where
applications were directed to the Department of Housing and
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P. M. Reid
Urban Development, the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, and the Farmers Home Administration. Of
these five received negative reviews as we found it
necessary in light of their noncompliance with regional
plans. In addition, by law under the Michigan State water
pollution abatement program, we have examined and prepared
reviews on 16 official local community pollution abatement
plans and 6 State grant-in-aid projects proposed by local
communities under the State program. Under this State pro-
gram, we have written 2 negative reviews.
By Act of Congress, regional water supply, sanitary
sewerage and storm drainage plans must be developed and
adopted by October 1, 1970, in order to establish local
eligibility for Federal grants-in-aid for subh facilities.
Our agency is working earnestly to meet that deadline. The
cooperation and active participation of the member counties
in the formulation of these plans has been sought and is
expected in time to provide the necessary basis for the
/
regional plans.
The speeding up of the process of regional planning
and the construction of these needed facilities means the
avoidance of short-term or temporary pollution abatement
measures and paves the way for the earlier completion of the
major elements of the regional systems.
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Patricia Kaltwasser
The Council of Governments is committed to the full
development of a regional pollution abatement system, in
the interests of the health and enterprises of the people, the
governmental units, and the private enterprises of business
establishments of this region.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
If not, thank you very much, sir.
MR. PURDY: Mr. Stein, we have several others that
I would like to put over until tomorrow. And at this time,
I would understand you would have someone you would like to
call on.
MR. STEIN: Yes. We have someone who traveled a
long distance to come here and has a short statement. May
we call on Patricia Kaltwasser.
STATEMENT OF MRS. CARL M. KALTWASSER
HOUSEWIVES TO END POLLUTION
MRS. KALTWASSER: Thank you very much, Mr. Stein,
for the privilege of speaking to you.
I would like to introduce myself first. My name
is Patricia Kaltwasser. And although I have traveled from
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Patricia Kaltwasser
Buffalo, which is a long distance, I am a native of Detroit
and have been living in Buffalo for 10 years now and summer
on Lake Huron. So I have kind of surrounded the lake and
brought my children up and been raised on the lake as well
as under the urging of my children which is one of the
reasons why I have been concerned with the water problem on
our lake. They won't drink our water that we are getting at
home any more. So I promised them when we return in the
fall, we will start buying water because I am concerned
about their health, too.
I am a member of Cause which is an association
action group in Buffalo and also another group which is
called "Housewives to End Pollution" which is an outgrowth
of Cause. And we have taken the direct approach as far as
the phosphate content of Lake Erie is concerned. And I
just want to tell you what we have done.
We call ourselves Housewives to End Pollution,
HEP, which is a group of concerned women in the Buffalo
metropolitan area who have banded together to attack immediate
local pollution problems that center around the home. In
our first effort, we have succeeded in getting all area food
chain stores to agree to post lists of laundry products with
their phosphate percentages.
On May 8, HEP met with the Buffalo Food Council
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Patricia Kaltwasser
which represents area food retailers and brokers. The
chairman of the Soap and Detergent Association was present,
in addition to representatives of the Big Three soap manu-
facturers, Proctor and Gamble, Lever Brothers, and Colgate-
Palmolive. We let it be known that we were willing and
able to supply pressure tactics if our requests were not
answered within a certain time. There was an immediate
consensus among the food stores to post the lists, and the
three soap representatives were asked to supply us with
their own phosphate figures. We gave them a time limit of
two weeks, after which time we would proceed with posting
alternative lists if necessary.
Last week the soap companies belatedly sent us a
partial listing. We are now in the process of assembling the
manufacturers' figures in conjunction with a list from the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. The stores
will have this list printed at their own expense on large,
visible signs to be placed in their detergent aisles. And
from this, we hope that the consumer can at least have the
opportunity to make a decision.
Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any comments or questions?
(No response.)
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Patricia Kaltwasser
If you want a suggestion, Mrs.Kaltwasser/ if you
are going to stay in this soap and detergent business, the
way they tell the amateurs from the pros is the way you
spell Proctor and Gamble — P-r-o-c-t-e-r.
MRS. KALTWASSER: Thanks.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
(No response.)
If not, we will stand recessed until 9:30 tomorrow
morning.
(Whereupon, at 5 p.m. the conference
recessed, to reconvene at 9:30 a.m. on Thursday, June 4,
1970.)
- U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1970 O - 407-609 (Vol. I)
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