Risk Assessment
Management, Communication
A Guide to Selected Sources
UPDATE
C O IVl IVI LJ N IC A ~T IO N
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PROPERTY OF THE
OFFICE OF SUPERFUND
Risk Assessment,
Management, Communication
A Guide to Selected Sources
RCMCMAL 1WONSE BRANCH
Jm ^
t V
C O rvi IVI U N I C A TI O N
Office of Information
Resources Management
and
Office of Toxic Substances
May 1987
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
RISK ASSESSMENT 3
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 5
ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES 9
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT AND
PHARMACOKINETICS 11
METHODS OF ESTIMATING AND MEASURING
RISK 21
HEALTH RISKS 31
GENERAL 31
CANCER 41
GENOTOXICITY AND REPRODUCTIVE
EFFECTS 51
NEUROTOXICITY *
CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT .. 59
HAZARDOUS WASTE 73
RADIATION *
ECOLOGICAL RISKS 75
CORPORATE RISK ASSESSMENT 81
POLICY 83
LEGAL ASPECTS 85
USES OF RISK ASSESSMENT *
BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER SOURCES ... 87
EPA INFORMATION SYSTEMS INVENTORY .. *
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS .. *
OFFICE OF RADIATION RESEARCH .. *
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT *
RISK MANAGEMENT 91
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 93
POLICY 99
LEGAL ASPECTS *
HEALTH RISKS 101
CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK MANAGEMENT .. *
HAZARDOUS WASTE *
RADIATION *
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 103
CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT 105
BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER SOURCES ...107
* Indicates that no references were found for
this section.
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RISK COMMUNICATION 109
INFORMING THE DECISION-MAKER *
INFORMING THE PUBLIC Ill
INFORMING THE WORKER 115
OTHER SOURCES *
ORGANIZATIONS *
MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES *
EDUCATION *
APPENDIX A *
EPA Regional Network for Risk Assessment/
Risk Management *
APPENDIX B *
EPA LIBRARIES *
APPENDIX C *
DATABASES SEARCHED *
11
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This first update to the Guide has been prepared
and reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). Due to the rapidly expanding field
of risk information, EPA cannot guarantee that all
relevant sources are cited. Publication does not
signify that the contents reflect the views of EPA
or that EPA endorses the coverage and scope of the
subject matter as comprehensive, complete, and
appropriate.
111
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INTRODUCTION
This is the first update to the initial March 1987
publication Risk Assessment, Management, and Communication; A
Guide to Selected Sources (Guide). Updates are produced on a
quarterly basis. The references in this update are from the
following databases: Toxline, Conference Papers Index,
ENVIROLINE, National Technical information Service (NTIS),
Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), ABI Inform, and
Legal Resources Index. They cover the period from October
through December 1986. Additional references were obtained
from manual searches.
The risk update series is subdivided like the initial
Guide into three major sections: Assessment, Management, and
Communications. The citations for Chemical Risk Assessment
and Chemical Specific Risk Management subsections are
arranged alphabetically by title. This update also contains
several additional subsections.
Hazardous Waste and Radiation.
Hazardous waste references have been added
because of the increasing importance of this
environmental issue. References addressing
radiation were included in the initial Guide
under "Risk Assessment — Health Risks —
Cancer."
Specific chemicals.
Due to the expanding literature on risk, other new
subsections may be added in the future. The Table of
Contents contains the complete list of subsections. Not
every update will contain references to all subdivisions.
Where no references for subsections have surfaced, the Table
of Contents will have an asterisk (*) for its page number.
The EPA library network can assist EPA staff and EPA
contractors in obtaining materials. Reference copies of the
Guide are available at all EPA libraries. For those outside
of EPA, the Guide is available for distribution through NTIS
at the following address:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
703-487-4650
Order number: PB87-185500
This update is also being placed in NTIS and its
order number should be available for inclusion in the next
update.
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Contributions for the update can be sent to:
>
EPA HQ Library - PM-211A
Risk Update
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, B.C. 20460
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RISK
ASSESSMENT
.... IS THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS THAT EVALUATES THE
POTENTIAL FOR OCCURRENCE OF ADVERSE EFFECT.
General Perspective 5
Assessment Guidelines 9
Quantitative Risk Assessment and
Pharmacokinetics 11
Methods of Estimating and Measuring Risk 21
Health Risks 31
General 31
Cancer 41
Genotoxicity and Reproductive Effects 51
Neurotoxicity *
Chemical Specific Risk Assessment 59
Hazardous Waste 73
Radiation *
Ecological Risks 75
Corporate Risk Assessment 81
Policy 83
Legal Aspects 85
Uses of Risk Assessment *
Bibliographies and Other Sources 87
EPA Information Systems Inventory *
Office of Pesticide Programs *
Office of Radiation Programs *
Office of Research and Development *
Office of Toxic Substances *
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GENERAL PERSPECTIVE — includes cross-media approach, de
minimis risk, and uncertainty in assessment.
**ANATOMY OF RISK
Rowe, William D.
MALABAR, FLA., RE KRICGER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1985
Type of Document: Book
Keywords: TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; RISK; DECISION-MAKING
Notes: REPRINT. ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED: NEW YORK: WILEY, 1977.
EPA Libraries: EKE OAQPS-RTP
T174.5.R68
**APPROACHES TO CHEMICAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF
LIMITED DATA
FARLAND WH, AUER CW
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN EPA POLLUTION
(NLM)
**ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL RISKS: BASED ON A SYMPOSIUM
SPONSORED BY THE DIVISION OF CHEMICAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AT THE
184TH MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, KANSAS CITY,
MISSOURI, SEPTEMBER 12-17, 1982.
Rodricks, Joseph; Tardiff, Robert G.
WASHINGTON, DC, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 1984
Keywords: TOXICITY TESTING; HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
EPA Libraries: EKC GBREEZE
RA1199.A77 1984
BENEFITS ASSESSMENT. THE STATE OF THE ART.
Bentkover, Judith D; Covello, Vincent T; Mumpower, Jeryl
Higham, Ma; Kluwer Academic, 1985
255p.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: Risk and Regulation:
Proceedings of a Seminar Services.
WASHINGTON, DC, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
SCIENCE, 1985
TP248.2.B5513
EPA Libraries: EJE OTS
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**CHEMICAL RISK: A Primer
Department of Government Relations and science Policy
Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, 1984
12 p.
**THE CULTURE OF RISK ASSESSMENT AT EPA
YOSIE TF
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT POLLUTION (NLM)
**Data base for risk assessment.
Tarkowski S
5ci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P19-25
Health risk assessment associated with exposure to toxic
chemicals is a process consisting of three basic elements: (i)
hazard identification, (ii) risk estimation, and (iii) risk
evaluation. Each of these elements provides a data base for
making decisions regarding the control of chemical hazards for
the prevention of health risk. Each of these elements involves
various degrees of uncertainty, yet credibility of the management
of risk requires that risk assessment be made with the highest
possible accuracy and degree of confidence. (NLM)
ELEMENTS OF TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
ENVIRON CORP
1986
Notes: A handbook written in nontechnical language that provides
guidance in understanding the fundamentals of toxicology and the
concepts of chemical risk assessment.
IDENTIFICATION OF RISK
ROWE WD
OFTEDAL, P. AND A. BROGGER (ED.). PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 208. RISK AND REASON: RISK ASSESSMENT
IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS; SATELLITE
SYMPOSIUM TO THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS, OSLO, NORWAY, JUNE 21-22, 1985. XV+189P. ALAN R. LISS,
INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., USA. ILLUS. ISBN 0-8451-5058-8.; 0 (0).
1986. 3-22.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN RISK ANALYSIS ACCIDENTS
SAFETY (NLM)
** NEW RISK ASSESSMENT INITIATIVES IN EPA.
Anderson, Elizabeth; EHRLICH, ALAN M.
Toxicology and Industrial Health (1985), 1 ( 4) : 7-22 .
This paper describes EPA's recent efforts to ensure consistency
and technical competence of the agency's risk assessments. These
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include five risk assessment guidelines proposed in November 1984
and January 1985 and establishment of a Risk Assessment Forum.
The technical provisions of the five guidelines have been
outlined.
**RISK ACCEPTABILITY ACCORDING TO THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Douglas, Mary Tew
New York, Russell SAGE FOUNDATION, 1985
TYPE OF DOCUMENT: SERIES: SOCIAL RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE; II
KEYWORDS: Risk Perception — Social Aspects
H91.1J67 1985
**RISK ANALYSIS — THE UNFULFILLED POTENTIAL.
Russell, Milton
Assistant Administrator, Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation, EPA.
Paper Presented at the Society for Risk Analysis,
Boston, Mass., Nov. 10. 1986. p!8.
**THE USES AND ABUSES OF SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY INRISK
ASSESSMENT.
Silbergeld, Ellen
Natural Resources & Environment (Fall 1986), 2(2): 17-20, 57.
**RATING THE RISKS
SLOVIC P, FISCHHOFF B LICHTENSTEIN S
ENVIRONMENT 1979, 21(3) 14-20, 36-39 (NLM)
Process and assumptions in risk assessment.
Hart RW, Turturro A
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079
Ann Clin Lab Sci; VOL 16, ISS 5, 1986, P353-7
Keywords: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,
Environmental Exposure *, Human, Risk (NLM)
THE APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTALS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
KOLBYE AC JR
ACS (AM. CHEM. SOC.) SYMP. SER. [N.D.], 15 PP.
Keywords: DNA, ANIMAL, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, NEOPLASMS, RISK,
MODELS, THEORETICAL, CARCINOGENS, MUTATION, GENETICS,
HYPERPLASIA, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG,
DNA REPAIR
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
THE MEANING OF RISK ASSESSMENT.
BROWN AL
ONCOLOGY 1980, 37(4) 302-305
Keywords: SACCHARIN,ANIMAL,BIOLOGICALASSAY, BLADDER
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NEOPLASMS, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, COMPARATIVE STUDY,
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG, FEMALE, HUMAN,
MALE, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL, NEOPLASMS,
NITROSO COMPOUNDS, TOXICITY, PROBABILITY, RATS, RISK,
SWEETENING AGENTS
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 81-07-2 (NLM)
RECENT ADVANCES IN RISK ASSESSMENT.
FARMER FR
ANN. OCCUP. HYG. 1981, 24(3) 297-301
Keywords: VARIATION (GENETICS), HUMAN, OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES,
OCCURRENCE, RISK (NLM)
**THE MORALS OF RISK ASSESSMENT.
YODAIKEN RE
J. TOXICOL. ENVIRON. HEALTH 1980, 6(5/6) 1297-1301
Keywords: UNITED STATES, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL, ETHICS, HUMAN,
NEOPLASMS, OCCURRENCE, OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES,
ETIOLOGY, PROBABILITY, RISK (NLM)
RISK ASSESSMENT IN FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCIES.
ALBERT RE
J. ENVIRON. PATHOL. TOXICOL. 1980, 4(2/3) 581-585
Keywords: DRUG EFFECTS, CARCINOGENS, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP,
DRUG, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, RISK, UNITED STATES (NLM)
**Treatment of Risk in Environmental Impact Assessment
Suter, G. W. ; Barnthouse, L. W. ; O'Neill, R. V.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report NO.: CONF-8511148-1
1985 30p
DE86004781/XAB
Task force meeting on risk and policy analysis under
conditions of uncertainity, Laxenburg, Austria, 25 Nov 1985.
Contract No.: AC05-840R21400
The purpose of this paper is to distinguish risk assessment from
other environmental assessment activities, define the role of
uncertainty in risk assessment, explain and illustrate
the utility of environmental risk assessment, and present
research recommendations. (ERA citation 11:017373) (NTIS)
**WHITE HOUSE PERSPECTIVES ON RISK ASSESSMENT
YOUNG AL
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN LEGISLATION USA
EPA FOOD TOXICITY WATER POLLUTION CARCINOGEN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
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ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
** The Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Assessment
Guidelines.
Preuss, Peter; EHRLICH, Alan M
US EPA, Office of Health and Environmenal Assessment 11/20/86
Paper presented at the 79th Meeting of the Air
Pollution Control Association June 23, 1986.
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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT AND PHARMACOKINETICS includes
clinical and physiological pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism,
acceptable daily intake (ADI), quantitative structure-activity
relationaship (QSAR), dose-response relationship
**Application of Multimedia Pollutant Transport Models to Risk
Analysis.
McKone TE, Kastenberg WE
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
California Univ., Los Angeles. Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace and
Nuclear Engineering.
NTIS/DE86010157, 28p
UCRL-93068, CONF-860156-2, Contract W-7405-ENG-48
TD3: This paper will explore how multimedia models can be used in
an environmental health risk analysis. The purpose of risk
analysis is to assess and manage the adverse consequences of
human activities. Multimedia models offer a way of organizing
information about landscape and chemical properties in order to
provide a comprehensive picture of the link between source and
receptor for toxic chemicals. We begin with an overview of the
risk-analysis process, including risk assessment and management.
This is followed by a description of a multimedia model, called
GEOTOX, which was developed for use in evaluating the health
risks of trace elements, radionuclides, and organic chemicals.
The model uses landscape properties such as run-off,
precipitation, evaporation, biomass density, and soil properties
and chemical properties such as molecular weight, vapor pressure,
and solubility to determine how a substance partitions within the
environment. The predicted environmental concentrations are used
with exposure models and combined with health^effects data to
estimate the potential human health risks associated with a given
source. We demonstrate the use of GEOTOX by a sample application
to three chemicals. We examine how these models can be used in
risk assessment to better define the relationship between
contaminant releases and resulting doses to humans. We also
examine how these models can provide risk managers and decision
makers with a means for determining the value of reducing
uncertainties about chemical and landscape properties. (ERA
citation 11:034728) Workshop on pollutant transport and
accumulation in a multimedia environment, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
22 Jan 1986. (NLM)
IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF HOST FACTORS CAUSING LARGE
PHARMACOKINETIC VARIATIONS
VESELL ES
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL AND HEALTH; 1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 135-152.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN SMOKING ALCOHOL ORAL
CONTRACEPTIVE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION AGE SEX DIET DRUG TOXICITY
11
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PHARMACOGENETICS NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH EPA
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 64-17-5 (NLM)
**INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND THEIR
ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT JULY 1-3 1985
ANON
PESTIC SCI; 17 (3). 1986. 256-325.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL. ABS. RRM MEETING PESTICIDE POLLUTION
A Lagrange-gamma multihit dose-response model for risk assessment
Janardan KG
Dep. Math., Eastern Michigan Univ., Ypsilanti
Math. Biosci.; VOL 80, ISS 2, 1986,209-22
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS The use of Lagrange-gamma multihit
dose-response model (LMHM) to perform toxic chem. risk assessment
is investigated. A biol. interpolation of the model in terms of
the occurrence of k hits to cause toxicity response and a
statistical interpretation in terms of a Lagrange-gamma tolerance
d. are given. The parameters of the model are obtained by the
method of max. likelihood and are used to est. a virtual safe
dose. Application of the LMHM was illustrated using actual
exptl. data on toxic responses induced by vinyl chloride
[75-01-4], span oil [12738-60-2], DDP [17109-49-8], DMN
[62-75-9], dieldrin [60-57-1], TCDD [1746-01-6], 2,4,5-T
[93-76-5], and ethylenethiourea [96-45-7).
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 50-29-3; 60-57-1; 62-75-9; 75-01-4; 93-76-5;
96-45-7; 1746-01-6; 12738-60-2 (NLM)
Macromolecule adducts, target dose and risk assessment.
Ehrenberg L, Osterman-Golkar S, T:ornqvist M
Department of Radiobiology, University of Stockholm, Sweden.
Prog Clin Biol Res; VOL 209B, 1986, P253-60
Keywords: Carcinogens *, Chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship,
Drug, DNA ANALYSIS, Hemoglobins ANALYSIS, Human, Kinetics,
Mutagens *, Risk, Support, Non-U.S, Gov't
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR INDUSTRIAL METALLIC AEROSOLS IN-VITRO
ASSESSMENT OF DELIVERED DOSE PER UNIT EXPOSURE
STERN RM
OFTEDAL, P. AND A. BROGGER (ED.).
PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICA RESEARCH, VOL. 208.
RISK AND REASON: RISK ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS; SATELLITE
SYMPOSIUM TO THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS, OSLO, NORWAY, JUNE 21-22, 1985. XV+189P. ALAN R. LISS,
INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., USA. ILLUS. ISBN 0-8451-5058-8.; 0 (0).
1986. 121-124.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN NICKEL CHROMIUM
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7440-47-3; 7440-02-0 (NLM)
** Quantitative Determination of Smoke Toxic ity Hazard - A Practical
Approach for Current Use.
Bukowski RW
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg, MD. Fire Safety
Technology Div.
NTIS/PB86-210713, 12p
TD3: The concepts of fire hazard assessment are discussed. The
development of these concepts into the framework for a hazard
assessment model is described. This model, which is actually a
group of interacting models, is presented in terms of the
component functions and the interactions necessary to accomplish
a hazard analysis. The most critical research issues which must
be resolved in order to use this hazard analysis model for
practical problems are identified. Preliminary results of
experiments to assess the predictive accuracy of the
multi-compartment transport model used within the hazard model
are presented. A simple, engineering approach to toxicity
evaluation included in the current model is also discussed.
Final rept., (NLM)
**Quantitative Risk Assessment of Ionizing Radiation. Lessons from
Chemical Carcinogens.
Martinelli M, Ricci PF
ENEA, Casaccia (Italy). Direzione Central Studi - Unita
Valutazioni Ambientali.
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
NTIS/DE86900962, U.S. Sales Only. Portions of this document are
illegible in microfiche products., 14p
ENEA-RT/STUDI-84-1, IAEA-SM-266/77
TD3: This paper contains a synthesis of the information required
to understand the mechanisms of dose-response commonly found in
health risk analysis. The focus is on carcinogenesis from
chemicals and ionizing radiations. There are two sections: the
stochastic functions of carcinogenesis, and the role of animal
study and epidemiology in producing the parameters of these
functions. The emphasis is on how long-term experimental results
in animals and epidemiological studies are used to determine the
carcinogenic potencies of pollutants at the low doses normally
encountered in the environment or in the workplace. The key
conclusion is that (although there is much uncertainty that must
be resolved) some of the necessary knowledge now exists to make
judgements about the usefulness of dose-response models of
cancers from environmental pollution, but if and only if the
associated uncertainty is included in the results of the
analysis. 21 refs. (ERA citation 11:026333) IAEA/WHO symposium
on biological effects of low level radiation, Venice, Italy, 11
Apr 1983. (NLM)
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**HAZAKD ANALYSIS OF SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
RANDHAVA R, CALDERONE S
CHEM ENG PROG; 81 (6). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 59-62.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM PETROCHEMICAL
Risk analysis of multiple environmental factors: radiation, zinc,
cadmium, and calcium.
Matsubara J, Ishioka K, Shibata Y, Katoh K
Environ Res; VOL 40, ISS 2, 1986, P525-30
Simultaneous effects of four risk factors, i.e., radiation
exposure at a sublethal dose and excessive administration of zinc
or cadmium and calcium deprivation, were examined by animal
experiments. Deaths among 360 mice within 30 days after the whole
body irradiation of 524-617 rad gamma rays were observed under 36
experimental conditions set by all possible combinations of
varied levels of the four risk factors. A similar experiment was
conducted a month later to check the reproducibility by using
another 360 mice. The reproducibility of the experiment was
confirmed and therefore the data from the two experiments were
pooled. The analysis of data based on a multiple logistic model
suggested that administration of zinc acts protectively against
radiation.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7440-66-6; 7440-70-2 (NLM)
The role of pharmacokinetics in risk assessment.
Reitz RH, Fox TR, Watanabe PG
Basic Life Sci; VOL 38, 1986, P499-507
KEYWORDS: Animal, Comparative Study, Dose-Response Relationship,
Drug Kinetics, Liver Neoplasms FAMILIAL & GENETIC/PATHOLOGY, Liver
ANALYSIS, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Models, Biological, Oncogenes *
Risk Toxicology * (NLM)
The time to tumor approach in risk assessment.
Albert RE
Basic_J^ife_Sci ; VOL 38, 1986, P551-6
The multistage model is currently a widely used mathematical tool
in carcinogen risk assessment to obtain a low-dose linear
non-threshold slope for estimating cancer risks and comparing
carcinogens with respect to potency. However, the multistage
model is a single pathway model, whereas biological evidence
indicates that carcinogenesis proceeds through multiple pathways.
Furthermore, recent studies suggest that carcinogens induce a
generalized increase in the susceptibility to neoplastic
transformation triggered as rare events by cell proliferation.
Such evidence supports the dtn = c time to tumor model in a
modified form.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
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**STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY CONSIDERATIONS IN RISK ASSESSMENT A SIMULATION
STUDY
LAVENHAR SR, MACZKA CA
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH; 1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 249-260.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM EPA CARCINOGENESIS
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 20265-97-8; 17026-81-2; 7727-37-9; 7704-34-9;
6369-59-1; 5307-14-2; 5131-60-2; 3165-93-3; 2735-04-8; 1777-84-0;
823-40-5; 624-18-0; 619-17-0; 615-66-7; 615-28-1; 615-05-4; 541-69-5;
142-04-1; 137-17-7; 134-29-2; 121-14-2; 120-71-8; 119-34-6;
118-92-3; 106-47-8; 102-50-1; 99-59-2; 99-56-9; 99-55-8; 97-00-7;
95-83-0; 95-80-7; 95-79-4; 95-74-9; 95-53-4; 75-09-2 (NLM)
**The use of decision-theoretic approach in regulating toxicity.
Chen JJ, Gaylor DW
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
72079.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol; VOL 6, ISS 3, 1986, P274-83
This paper presents a general decision model for quantitative
risk analysis to help in solving the problem of setting the
optimal exposure level of a potential carcinogen in regulatory
decision-making. This model consists of a probability function
and two loss functions. The probability function describes the
dose-response relationship for a potential carcinogen at various
exposure levels. The two loss functions include the cost of using
a potential carcinogen, e.g., health loss, and the cost of not
using the compound, e.g., economic loss. Using the principle of
minimum expected loss, a fundamental formula for setting the
optimal beneficial dose level is derived. The formula equates the
probability function to a ratio of loss functions. The general
form of loss functions is described in the paper. Under certain
conditions, the current approach for quantitative risk assessment
is a special situation of this general model. (NLM)
**QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH.
Hallenbeck, William H; Cunningham, KM
TYPE OF DOCUMENT: Book
Chelsea, Mich, Lewis Publishers, 1986
KEYWORDS: Health Risk Assessment -- Statistical Methods;
Environmental Health; Industrial Hygiene
Call Number: RA427.3.H35 1986
EPA*Libraries: ELA R5
**The Changing Role of Risk Assessment in Federal Regulation.
Preuss, Peter W; White, Paul D.
IN: Banbury Report 19: Risk Quantitation and Regulatory
Policy. 331-342p.
15
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985.
**Principles of Drug Action: the basis of Pharmacology. 2nd ed.
Goldstein, Avram; Aronow, Lewis; Kalman, Sumner
New York, Wiley, 1974
KEYWORDS: Drugs — Physiological effects
Call Numbers: RM300.G63
EPA Libraries: EJE OTS; EKB RTP; EKC GULF BREEZE QV38.G624P;
ELB CINC QP909.G56 1974
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT.
VAN RYZIN J
J. OCCUP. MED. 1980, 22(5) 321-326
Keywords: POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS,ANIMAL,CARCINOGENS,DISEASE
MODELS, ANIMAL, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG
HUMAN, NEOPLASMS, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, RISK (NLM)
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT.
FOOD SAFETY COUNCIL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
FOOD COSMET. TOXICOL. 1980, 18(6) 711-734
Keywords: NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID,AFLATOXIN Bl, ETHYLENE
THIOUREA, DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE, VINYL CHLORIDE,
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN,
HEXACHLOROBENZENE, BIS[CHLOROMETHYL]ETHER,
SODIUM SACCHARIN, DIELDRIN, P,P'-DDT, HUMAN,
ANIMAL, DOGS, GUINEA PIGS, MICE, RABBITS, RATS,
FOOD, ADVERSE EFFECTS, RISK, TOXICITY, MUTAGENS,
CARCINOGENS, MODELS, THEORETICAL, MATHEMATICS,
STATISTICS, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG,
FATS OR OILS, RAPESEED OIL, CATS, ANALYSIS,
FOOD ANALYSIS, BOTULISM, DIOXINS, AFLATOXINS,
NITROSAMINES
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 139-13-9, 1162-65-8, 96-45-7,
62-75-9, 75-01-4, 1746-01-6, 118-74-1, 542.-88-1,
128-44-9, 60-57-1, 50-29-3 (NLM)
OVERVIEW OF SOME ASPECTS OF QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT.
FISHBEIN L
J. TOXICOL. ENVIRON. HEALTH 1980, 6(5/6) 1275-1296
EIS: Epidemiology Information System
Keywords: LEUKEMIA, EXPERIMENTAL, CARCINOGENS, TOXICITY,
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG, HUMAN, KINETICS,
MODELS, THEORETICAL, NEOPLASMS, CHEMICALLY INDUCED,
PROBABILITY, REVIEW, RISK, STATISTICS, TIME FACTORS
(NLM)
16
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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE RISKS ASSOCIATED
WITH POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB) EXPOSURE.
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
REVIEW DIVISION
U.S. ENVIRON. PROT. AGENCY REP. 1983, 63 PP.
Keywords: AROCLOR 1254, WATER, HUMAN, PREGNANCY, INFANT,
NEWBORN, INFANT, ANIMAL, RATS, ADVERSE EFFECTS,
CHEMICAL EFFECTS, NEOPLASMS, OCCURRENCE, RISK,
RHESUS MONKEYS, POLYCHLOROBIPHENYL COMPOUNDS,
REPRODUCTION, BIRTH WEIGHT, MODELS, BIOLOGICAL,
SKIN, MOTHERS, MILK, HUMAN, ADMINISTRATION AND
DOSAGE, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, CHEMICAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 11097-69-1, 7732-18-5 (NLM)
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT.
FDA COMMENT: SUPPLEMENT 2 TITLE: PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR FOOD SAFETY
ASSESSMENT.
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, FOOD SAFETY COUNCIL.
FOOD COSMET. TOXICOL. 1978, 16(SUPPL. 2) 109-136
Keywords: SPECIES SPECIFICITY, ANIMAL, FOOD ADDITIVES, TOXICITY,
FOOD ANALYSIS, FOOD CONTAMINATION, FOOD, STANDARDS,
FAMILIAL AND GENETIC, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, HUMAN,
LEGISLATION, FOOD, MUTAGENS, RESEARCH, RISK,
TOXICOLOGY, METHODS (NLM)
**Dose-Response Analysis of Heavy Metal Toxicants in Man.
Direct in VivoAssessment of Body Burden
Ellis, K. J.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: BNL-38301; CONF-8506299-1
Jun 85 lip
19. annual conference on trace substances in environmental
health,
Columbia, MO, USA, 3 Jun 1985.
DE86013915/XAB
Contract No.: AC02-76CH00016
Differences in uptake, metabolism, and excretion of heavy metals
makes selection of a suitable biological media as a monitor of
body burden very difficult. Exposure assessments based on body fluid
levels can provide, at best, only general population estimates.
The most frequently monitored media are blood, urine, nail or
hair clippings, sweat, and saliva. Unfortunately each of these
tissues can be influenced by recent exposure conditions and are not
accurate indices of the total dose or body burden. However, direct
in vivo measurements of body burden in humans, have recently
been performed. This nuclear technique has focused on the
measurements of kidney and liver cadmium (Cd) by neutron
activation analysis and bone lead (Pb) determinations using x-ray
fluorescence. The dose-response relationship for renal dysfunction
17
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based on the direct in vivo body burden for Cd is presented. The
most probable Cd value for the kidney associated with renal impairment
is approximately 35 mg. Approximately 10% of the subjects with
20 mg Cd in the kidney will have moderately elevated beta sub 2
-microglobulin, an early indicator of potential renal functional
changes. 11 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs. (ERA citation 11:005667)
(NTIS)
**Management of Risk for Industrial Metallic Aerosols: In vitro
Assessment of Delivered Dose per Unit Exposure
Stern, R. M.
Svejsecentralen, Brondby (Denmark).
Report No.: PUB-85.42
C1985 18p
PB86-163250/XAB
Country of Publication: Denmark
The successful management of occupational health risk requires
the availability of reliable information which not only
permits the identification of sources of risk, but which,
in the absence of quantitative measures of risk, permits at
the very least, a relative ranking of risk from various sources and
their contemplated alternatives so as to provide the necessary basis
for priority setting. The routine use of such reliable tools for risk
assessment would permit the orderly removal of high risk exposures and
the reduction of exposure for high risk individuals or groups in
absolute terms. (Copyright (c) The Danish We'lding Institute
Copenhagen, 1985). (NTIS)
Quantitative Studies of Environmental Risk: An Overview. Revision
Morgan, M. G.
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA. Dept. of Engineering and
Public Policy.
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report NO.: DOE/ER/60138-T3
Dec 85 25p
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
DE86006148/XAB
Contract No.: AC02-83ER60138
A variety of basic ideas and issues in risk analysis, assessment
and management are reviewed. A four part framework comprised of
exposure processes, effects processes, human perception
processes, and human valuation processes is introduced.
The talk focuses on three fundamental problems that are
commonly encountered in quantitative risk analysis: the selection
of objective functions and management strategies, the
characterization and treatment of scientific and technical
uncertainty, and what to do when experts do not agree.
21 refs., 7 figs. (ERA citation 11:016295) (NTIS)
-------
**Relationship of Safety Factors and Linear Extrapolation for
isk Assessment
(Final rept.)
Gaylor, D. W.
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR.
Report No.: NCTR-6069; FDA/NCTR-86/82
Nov 81 17p
PB86-161247/XAB
Safety factors often are applied to animal bioassay data on toxic
effects to establish dosage levels for which it is hoped that low
levels of disease risk are obtained. Risk is defined as the
probability that an animal will develop a specific disease within
a given period of time under a given set of experimental conditions.
For example, the highest no observable effect level (NOEL) may
be divided by 100 to establish an allowable dosage of a chemical.
Since the NOEL is taken to be a relatively safe dose for the
experimental animals, an additional safety factor is applied to
allow for potentially higher sensitivities of humans compared to
the experimental animals and for differences in sensitivities among
individuals. The size of a safety factor may depend upon the
seriousness of the biological effect. For example, a safety
factor of 100 may be used for reversible disease conditions whereas
a safety factor of 1000 may be employed for an irreversible
disease such as cancer. The procedure does not provide an
assessment of the risk that may result. (NTIS)
19
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METHODS OF ESTIMATING AND MEASURING RISK
The assessment of major hazards: the factors affecting lethal
toxicity estimates and the associated uncertainties
Withers RM J, Lees FP
Dep. Chem. Eng., Loughborough Univ. Techno1.,
Loughborough/Leicestershire
Inst. Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser.; VOL 97, ISS Hazards Process Ind.:
Hazards 9, 1986,185-99
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Toxic gas hazard assessment
review,-Health hazard Of toxic gases, assessment of, lethal
toxicity ests. in relation to,-Hygiene Of hazardous gases, lethal
toxicity estn. in relation to Industrial;Poisons Gases, hazard
of, assessment of, lethal toxicity ests. in relation to (NLM)
The development and testing of "count-mass" concentration
relationship for assessment of airborne mineral dust
Noweir MH
High Inst. Public Health, Univ. Alexandria, Hadra
Ann. Am. Conf. Gov. Ind. Hyg.; VOL 14,, 1986,177-83
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Mineral dust limit exposure assessment
Dust exposure mine permissible std;Air pollution By mineral
dusts, in mines, occupational exposure to, assessment of,
count-mass relationship for;Dust Occupational exposure to, in
mines, assessment of, count-mass relationship for MineraljHealth
hazard Of mineral dust, in mines, assessment of, permissible with
in Occupational;Silicosis Mineral dust exposure permissive std.
in control of;Standards For mineral dust concn. in mine air, in
lung disease control. Legal and permissive (NLM)
**Elaboration of a practical method for priority selections and
risk assessment among existing chemicals.
SAMPAOLO A, BINETTI R
Lab. Applied Toxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale
Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
REGUL TOXICOL PHARMACOL; 6 (2). 1986. 129-154.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. An original pragmatic approach is
presented for priority setting among existing chemicals, as a
result of a study requested by the European Community Commission.
On the basis of a set of physicochemical, toxicological, and
ecotoxicological properties considered as fundamental for a first
evaluation of the substance, the proposed system develops a score
for each property in both the presence and absence of the datum.
The properties in this first set are considered additive. Other
information on the substance (quantity on the market, plurality
of possible exposures, bioconcentration, environmental diffusion,
persistence and size of risk population) is included in a second
set of multiplier parameters. Through this simple and
self-improving system it is possible to work out, using different
21
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final formulas, different lists for different needs. Using 30
well-known substances as examples with which to check the system,
it is possible to see how these substances distribute themselves
as to priority for environmental or for direct personal exposure.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7786-34-7; 7446-11-9; 3173-72-6; 1912-24-9;
540-59-0; 131-79-3; 127-18-4; 117-81-7; 111-44-4; 109-66-0;
107-30-2; 107-13-1; 106-93-4; 106-46-7; 100-42-5; 95-50-1; 94-74-6;
91-64-5; 87-86-5; 75-71-8; 75-34-3; 75-21-8; 74-83-9; 71-55-6;
71-43-2; 62-53-3; 58-89-9; 56-38-2; 52-68-6; 50-00-0 (NLM)
**A comparison of three risk assessment techniques for evaluating a
hazardous waste landfill
Budd WW
Program Environ. Sci. Reg. Plann., Washington State Univ.,
Pullman, WA 99164-4430
Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater.; VOL 3, ISS 3, 1986,309-20
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Hazardous waste landfill risk
assessment;Health hazard Of waste landfills, risk assessment in
relation to;Wastes Landfills for, risk assessment of Hazardous
(NLM)
**Groundwater contamination site ranking methodology
Olivieri AW, Eisenberg DM, Cooper RC
Eisenberg, Olivieri, and Associates, Inc., Oakland
J. Environ. Eng. (N. Y.); VOL 112, ISS 4, 1986,757-69
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Risk assessment groundwater
contamination landfill Hazardous waste groundwater contamination
assessment;Wastes Land disposal site for, groundwater
contamination in relation to, risk assessment method for estn. of
Hazardous,-Water pollution At hazardous waste site, of
groundwater, risk assessment method for (NLM)
**On ranking chemicals for environmental hazard
Halfon E, Reggiani MG
Natl. Water Res. Inst., Canada Cent. Inland Waters, Burlington
Environ. Sci. Techno1.; VOL 20, ISS 11, 1986,1173-9
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Org chem environmental hazard
assessment;Amines Environmental pollution by, hazards of,
assessment of Aryl;Cyprinodon variegatus Chlorobenzene toxicity
to, environmental pollution hazard assessment in relation
to;Daphnia magna Chlorobenzene toxicity to, environmental
pollution hazard assessment in relation to Environmental
pollution By org. chem., hazards of, assessment of;Guppy
Chlorobenzene toxicity to, environmental pollution hazard
assessment in relation to;Lepomis macrochirus Chlorobenzene
toxicity to, environmental pollution hazard assessment in
relation to;0rganic compounds Environmental pollution by, hazards
of, assessment of;Photobacterium phosphoreum Chlorobenzene
toxicity to, environmental pollution hazard assessment in
relation to;Salmo gairdneri Chlorobenzene toxicity to,
environmental pollution hazard assessment in relation to;Toxicity
Of org. chem., environmental pollution hazard assessment in
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relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 50-30-6; 62-53-3; 65-85-0; 71-43-2; 82-68-8;
87-61-6; 87-86-5; 88-06-2; 91-94-1; 92-52-4; 92-87-5; 95-50-1;
95-94-3; 100-02-7; 106-46-7; 106-47-8; 108-39-4; 108-70-3; 108-86-1;
108-88-3; 108-90-7; 108-95-2; 118-74-1; 120-82-1; 120-83-2; 123-31-9;
128-39-2; 541-73-1; 586-76-5; 608-93-5; 611-06-3; 634-66-2; 634-90-2;
634-93-5; 1817-47-6; 13029-08-8; 16606-02-3; 25265-76-3; 34883-43-7;
39485-83-1; 62796-65-0 (NLM)
Paradoxical elevation of plasma cholinesterase.
ALEXIOU NG, WILLIAMS JF, YEUNG HW, HUSTING EL
Dep. Comprehensive Med., Univ. South Florida Coll. Med., 12901
North 30th St., MDC 41 Tampa, Fla. 33612.
AM J PREV MED; 2 (4). 1986. 235-238.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Biological monitoring of workers
exposed to hazardous or toxic substances is common in industry.
Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase activity level
monitoring is used to detect early toxic effects of exposure to
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. However, the validity
of plasma cholinesterase level monitoring alone in such exposures
is of questionable value since depressed, normal, and elevated
levels of activity in test results lead to risk assessment
dilemmas. The finding of an elevated plasma cholinesterase level
in an exposed plant pathologist led to referral for evaluation of
test results. We reviewed the prevalence and significance of
elevated plasma cholinesterase levels. The prevalence of elevated
plasma cholinesterase values ranges from 1.0 percent to 12.9
percent, depending on the kind of testing and populations
surveyed. The benefits and/or risks of elevated levels over time
remain to be elucidated.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 14484-64-1
**PRESTO-II: A Low-Level Waste Environmental Transport and Risk
Assessment Code.
Fields DE, Emerson CJ, Chester RO, Little CA, Hiromoto G
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86010061, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 470p
ORNL-5970, Contract AC05-84OR21400
TD3: PRESTO-II (Prediction of Radiation Effects from Shallow
Trench Operations) is a computer code designed for the evaluation
of possible health effects from shallow-land and, waste-disposal
trenches. The model is intended to serve as a non-site-specific
screening model for assessing radionuclide transport, ensuing
exposure, and health impacts to a static local population for a
1000-year period following the end of disposal operations. Human
exposure scenarios considered include normal releases (including
leaching and operational spillage), human intrusion, and limited
site farming or reclamation. Pathways and processes of transit
from the trench to an individual or population include
ground-water transport, overland flow, erosion, surface water
23
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dilution, suspension, atmospheric transport, deposition,
inhalation, external exposure, and ingestion of contaminated
beef, milk, crops, and water. Both population doses and
individual doses, as well as doses to the intruder and farmer,
may be calculated. Cumulative health effects in terms of cancer
deaths are calculated for the population over the 1000-year
period using a life-table approach. Data are included for three
example sites: Barnwell, South Carolina; Beatty, Nevada; and West
Valley, New York. A code listing and example input for each of
the three sites are included in the appendices to this report.
(ERA citation 11:032761) (NLM)
Pulmonary function in asbestos cement workers: a dose-response
study.
Finkelstein M
Br J Ind Med; VOL 43, ISS 6, 1986, P406-13
This study has found that residence time weighted exposure
(asbestos dose) may be used to model the risk and extent of
pulmonary function abnormalities in a cohort of asbestos cement
workers. This parameter, which incorporates both exposure
concentration and latency, had previously proved useful for
modelling the risk of radiographic abnormalities in this cohort.
Asbestos dose and smoking were independent and additive
contributors to decreased pulmonary function. It was also found
that lung function results could be used as surrogates for dose
in the assessment of mortality risk in this cohort.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 1332-21-4 (NLM)
**Stream Transport and Agricultural Runoff of Pesticides for
Exposure Assessment: A Methodology. Part A. Text and Appendices A
through F.
Donigian AS, Meier DW, Jowise PP
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
SPONSORING AGENCY: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
NTIS/PB86-199882, 774p
Contract EPA-068-03-3116
TD3: To predict the potential environmental or human health risk
posed by agricultural pesticides, exposure assessments require
the estimation of chemical concentrations in field runoff and in
associated streams. In the report, a methodology is described for
estimating the mean, maximum, frequency, and duration of
pesticide concentrations, and the maximum daily pesticide runoff
and its frequency for various agricultural crops and regions
across the country. The Stream Transport and Agricultural Runoff
of Pesticides for Exposure Assessment Methodology (called STREAM
for'convenience of reference) is designed for screening level
analyses to provide the order-of-magnitude accuracy appropriate
for exposure assessment with minimal investment in time and
resources. Final rept. Aug 83-Sep 85-, See also PB86-199890.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. (NLM)
24
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**Stream Transport and Agricultural Runoff of Pesticides for
Exposure Assessment: A Methodology- Part B. Appendices G through
K.
Donigian AS, Meier DW, Jowise PP
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
SPONSORING AGENCY: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
NTIS/PB86-199890, 413p
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
TD3: To predict the potential environmental or human health risk
posed by agricultural pesticides, exposure assessments require
the estimation of chemical concentrations in field runoff and in
associated streams. In the report, a methodology is described for
estimating the mean, maximum, frequency, and duration of
pesticide concentrations, and the maximum daily pesticide runoff
and its frequency for various agricultural crops and regions
across the country. The Stream Transport and Agricultural Runoff
of Pesticides for Exposure Assessment Methodology (called STREAM)
is designed for screening level analyses to provide the
order-of-magnitude accuracy appropriate for exposure assessment
with minimal investment in time and resources. The specific crops
included in STREAM are corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat, and
sorghum. Final rept. Aug 83-Sep 85, See also PB86-199882.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. (NLM)
Erythrocyte protein conjugates as a principle of biological
monitoring for pesticides.
Lewalter J, Korallus U
Address: Medical Department, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, F.R.G.
Toxicol Lett; VOL 33, ISS 1-3, 1986, P153-65
The determination of erythrocyte protein conjugates is
recommended for monitoring worker's exposure to reactive
pesticides or group of pesticides. Under the assumption that
reversible and especially irreversible toxic effects of these
substances occur in parallel to the formation of erythrocyte
adducts, the determination of the amount of adduct can be seen as
a parameter for monitoring stress and strain by these substances.
The application of this method is demonstrated in some practical
examples with several groups of compounds. In the case of unknown
dose-effect relationships, the absence of conjugate formation in
the erythrocyte initially will be considered as a no-toxic effect
level, which can be substituted later by a tolerable
substance-adduct concentration in the erythrocyte as more field
experience has been gained. In contrast to the determination of
chemicals and/or metabolites in the different body fluids, the
examination of internal stress of substances by the determination
of erythrocyte adducts has facilitated individual risk assessment
for exposure to these substances. The appropriateness of
individual tolerance values for active substances will be
discussed. Sufficient valid and non-invasive methods are
available for the routine detection of substance conjugates in
erythrocytes. (NLM)
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FUNDAMENTAL CARCINOGENIC PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR
LOW-DOS E RISK ASSESSMENT. UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES FOR
LOW-DOSE-RATE EXTRAPOLATIONS OF ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA.:
LETTER.
MANTEL N
CANCER RES. 1978, 38(6) 1835-1838
Keywords: METHODS, ANIMAL,CARCINOGENS, ADMINISTRATIONAND
DOSAGE, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG,
NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL, CHEMICALLY INDUCED,
RESEARCH DESIGN, RISK (NLM)
EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS FOR HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT
MACK TM, PIKE MC, CASAGRANDE JT
COLD SPRING HARBOR CONF. CELL PROLIFERATION 1977, 4(BOOK A)
1749-1763
Keywords: ISRAEL, HUMAN, RISK, EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS (NLM)
**Evaluation of occupational exposures: A proposed sampling method
Brunn IO, Campbell JS, Hutzel RL
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal Apr. 1986,
Vol.47, No.4, p.229-235. Illus. 12 ref.
This method uses a 4h sampling strategy rather than the
traditional 7 or 8h periods. 4h sampling periods have been found
to improve monitoring efficiency without significantly reducing
the precision or accuracy of exposure evaluation. The development
of an Acceptable Risk Level (ARL) is another important element of
the proposed method. An ARL is a variable based on risk
assessment and risk management principles which have been
established by the employer for each contaminant. (NLM)
*86-063914
**HEALTH RISK COMPARISON BETWEEN GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT MODELS AND
FIELD DATA,
HWANG SEONG T., EPA, DC,
ENV PROGRESS, FEB 86, V5, Nl, P66(5)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE POTENTIAL OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION IS
ONE OF THE MAJOR CONCERNS OVER LAND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE.
VARIOUS RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACHES ARE SURVEYED, AND RESULTS
ARE PRESENTED OF CASE STUDIES COMPARING HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND
PLUME DELINEATION BASED ON STATE OF THE ART MODELING MID
MONITORING DATA. DESPITE UNCERTAIN PARAMETERS, THE FATE AND
TRANSPORT MODELS ARE AN IMPORTANT TOOL IN SUPPORTING THE HEALTH
RISK ASSESSMENT, WHICH IS BASED ON MONITORING DATA OR CONDUCTED IN
THE ABSENCE OF SUCH DATA. (ENVL)
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**IMPROVING THE USE OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
ERDREICH LS, BURNETT C
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH; 1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 65-82.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN WORKER DIOXINS 2 4 5-T
CHLOROPHENOLS PHENOXYACETIC ACIDS SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA
CARCINOGENESIS
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 25167-82-2; 25167-80-0; 1746-01-6; 122-59-8;
93-76-5 (NLM)
Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Applications
Higgins, J. C.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Sponsor: Nuclear Regulatory Commission, King of Prussia, PA.
Region I.
Report No.: BNL-NUREG-51914
Jan 86 40p
Sponsored by Nuclear Regulatory Commission, King of Prussia, PA.
Region I.
NUREG/CR-437 2/XAB
The report presents the methodology developed to utilize the results
of a plant specific Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) for onsite
plant review and inspection purposes. The report then presents the
results performed using these techniques at the Limerick Generating
Station. Additionally, system reliability insights obtained from
the PRA were compared with pertinent NRC Inspection Procedures to
determine if changes were warranted. Finally, conclusions regarding
the usefulness methods and results are presented. (NTIS)
RISK ANALYSIS AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S.
Hingham, Ma, Kluwer Academic, 1985
236 p.
**RISK ASSESSMENT EXTRAPOLATIONS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELING
CLEWELL H J III, ANDERSEN MW
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH;! (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 111-132.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN ANIMAL RAT STYRENE CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER TOXICOKINETICS
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 24959-67-9; 630-08-0; 100-42-5; 75-01-4;
74-97-5; 74-95-3; 56-23-5 (NLM)
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**WORKSHOPS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY FOR HEALTH RISK
ASSESSMENT.
Stara, Jerry; et al.
Cincinnati, OH ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ASSESSMENT Office, USEPA,
Aug. 1986.
PB84-227 008
EPA Libraries EJB HQ
EPA 600/S9-85/027
**SCREEN; Identifying Effective Input Variables
(Software)
Vaurio, J. K.
Argonne National Lab., IL.
Report No.: ANL/NESC-1002
1985 mag tape
Price includes documentation. Tapes can be prepared in most
recording modes for one-half inch tape. Specify recording mode
desired. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
DE8604002/XAB
SCREEN is a statistical sensitivity analysis procedure for ranking
input data of large computer codes in the order of sensitivity
importance. The problem is to determine a group of the most
important input parameters of a computer code wahen the total
number of input variables is large, so large that standard
sensitivity evaluations varying each input variable (one or two
at a time) would be prohibitively expensive. Maxima of 1000
input parameter variables 6 output/consequence variables When
selecting the cases to be run (knot-points), eight optional
distributions are available for the input parameters, including
uniform, exponential, normal, truncated normal, log-normal, and
beta distributions...Software Description: IBM370,303x. FORTRAN
IV (93%) and Assembler language (7%).. OS/MVT, MVS. 250K bytes
of memory are required for execution. (NTIS)
**Tecnnical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Toxics Control
Brandes, R. ; Newton, B. ; Owens, M. ; Southerland, E.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits.
Report NO.: EPA/440/4-85/032
PB86-150067/XAB
Sep 85 114p
The reports provides guidance for each step in the water
quality-based toxics control process from screening to compliance
monitoring; Section 1 discusses the advantages and disadvantages
of two approaches to toxics control: toxicity testing and chemical
specific assessment; Section 2, Water Quality Criteria and Standards,
contains a brief discussion of water quality standards and the
derivation of ambient criteria to attain and maintain standards;
Section 3, Effluent Characterization, describes procedures that
provide the data needed to make decisions regarding toxic impact.
A two-tiered assessment approach is recommended; Section 4, Human
Health Hazard Assessment, describes procedures for assessing
potential human health hazards associated with effluents; Sectio
28
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5, Exposure assessment, describes procedures for estimating
exposure to toxicants and calculating effluent requirements
based on ambient criteria and exposure; Section 6, Permit
Requirements, describes methods to develop water quality-based
NPDES permits. (NTIS)
Use of distribution coefficients for the evaluation of soils with
regard to their radiological risk
Carini F, Silva S, Fontana P
Fac. Agraria, Univ. Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Piacenza
Ann. Fac. Agrar. (Univ. Cattol. Sacro Cuore); VOL 25, ISS 1,
1985,79-96
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Radionuclide soil plant radiol
risk;Alfalfa Radioelements uptake by, from soils, transfer
factors for, radiol. risk assessment in relation to;Carrot
Radioelements uptake by, from soils, transfer factors for,
radiol. risk assessment in relation to,-Corn Radioelements uptake
by, from soils, transfer factors for, radiol. risk assessment in
relation to;Health physics Radioelements of soils distribution
coeffs. and transfer factors to plants in relation to
Environmental;PIant metabolism Of radioelements, from soils,
transfer factors for, radiol. risk assessment in relation
to;Radioelements Of soils, plant transfer factors for, radiol.
risk assessment in relation to;Soils Radioelements of, plant
transfer factors for, radiol. risk assessment in relation
to;Tomato Radioelements uptake by, from soils, transfer factors
for, radiol. risk assessment in relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 13966-31-9; 13967-70-9; 13981-38-9;
14158-31-7; 14596-12-4 (NLM)
29
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HEALTH RISKS
GENERAL
BASIC TOXICOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS TARGET ORGANS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LU, F. C. BASIC TOXICOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS, TARGET ORGANS, AND RISK
ASSESSMENT. XVI+276P. HEMISPHERE PUBLISHING CORPORATION: NEW
YORK, N.Y., USA; LONDON, ENGLAND (DIST. OUTSIDE THE U.S. BY
MCGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL BOOK CO.: AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND;
LONDON, ENGLAND. ILLUS. ISBN 0-89116-389-1(CLOTH); ISBN
0-89116-468-5(PAPER).; 0 (0). 1985 (RECD. 1986). XVI+276P.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK TOXICOKINETICS
CARCINOGENESIS MUTAGENESIS TERATOGENESIS (NLM)
**BIOTECHNOLOGY RISKS A REPLACEMENT FOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
ORGANISMS
GILLETT JW
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT CROP ANIMAL PESTICIDE
BIOCONTROL RECOMBINANT DNA GENETIC ENGINEERING RISK ASSESSMENT
AGRICULTURAL PEST PUBLIC HEALTH PEST (NLM)
Geographic distribution of unexplained low birth weight.
Jason CJ, Samuhel ME, Click BJ, Welsh AK
Centers for Disease Control, Perinatal and Child Health Division,
Atlanta, GA 30333.
J Occup Med; VOL 28, ISS 8, 1986, P728-40
Low birth weight, largely in the form of intrauterine growth
retardation, has been used in animal studies as a sensitive
indicator of adverse reproductive outcomes to suspect toxic
agents. Methodological problems have severely curtailed studies
of low birth weight for human risk assessment. For white and
black births, we explore the use of statistical techniques to
adjust for maternal risk factors and to isolate US counties
having a significantly elevated rate of unexplained
low-birth-weight births in 1979. The data are derived from
individual birth certificate information made available by the
National Center for Health Statistics. Removing variation due to
socioeconomic and other intrinsic factors available on birth
certificates, clusters of high-risk counties appear. This paper
discusses the methodology used to identify these counties.
(NLM)
31
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Heavy Gas and Risk Assessment - 3. [Proceedings of the 3rd
Symposium on Heavy Gas and Risk Assessment, Bonn,
Wissenschaftszentrum, November 12-13, 1984]
1986,388 pp.
Hartwig S, Editor
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Book heavy gas risk assessment Safety
dense gas book;Gases Safety of, risk assessment of Dense,-Safety
Of dense gases, risk assessment of (NLM)
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES
STARA JF, ERDREICH LS
TOXICOL IND HEALTH; 1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 1-333.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM MEETING
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 62450-07-1; 62450-06-0; 34465-46-8;
33857-26-0; 23746-34-1 ;22248-79-9; 21884-44-6; 14901-08-7;
13292-46-1; 13256-22-9 ; 12789-03-6 ; 12663-46-6; 12192-57-3;
10034-93-2; 8001-35-2; 7440-47-3; 7440-43-9; 7440-38-2;
5307-14-2; 5131-60-2; 3771-19-5 3761-53-3; 2385-85-5;
2303-16-4; 2243-62-1; 2164-17-2 1937-37-7; 1836-75-5; 1746-01-6;
1582-09-8; 1330-20-7; 1024-57-3 924-16-3; 842-07-9; 609-20-1;
604-75-1; 602-87-9; 590-96-5 542-88-1; 532-82-1; 510-15-6;
218-01-9; 206-44-0; 194-59-2;
150-68-5; 143-50-0; 142-46-1;
139-65-1; 137-17-7; 136-40-3
132-32-1; 127-18-4; 126-07-8
120-58-1; 120-12-7; 118-74-1
115-32-2; 112-40-3; 111-44-4
108-38-3; 107-06-2; 106-42-3
101-80-4; 101-61-1; 101-14-4
492-80-8; 309-00-2; 303-47-9
192-97-2; 156-10-5; 151-56-4
141-90-2; 140-57-8; 139-94-6
135-88-6; 135-20-6; 133-90-4
123-91-1; 120-71-8; 120-62-7
117-84-0; 117-81-7; 117-79-3
110-02-1; 108-88-3; 108-46-3
105-67-9; 103-23-1; 103-03-7
100-75-4; 99-59-2; 99-55-8; 97-56-3; 95-83-0; 95-80-7; 95-79-4
95-53-4
92-67-1
86-74-8
76-44-8
68-22-4
60-57-1
57-30-7
50-32-8
95-47-6; 94-59-7; 94-58-6 94-52-0
92-62-6; 92-52-4; 91-59-8 90-94-8
85-68-7; 84-74-2; 84-66-2 82-28-0
75-21-8; 75-01-4; 72-56-0 72-55-9
67-72-1; 67-66-3; 64-17-5 62-75-9
60-11-7; 59-89-2; 58-89-9 58-08-2
57-14-7; 56-55-3; 56-23-5 55-18-5
50-18-0; 50-00-0
(NLM)
92-87-5; 92-83-1;
88-06-2; 87-29-6;
79-34-5; 79-01-6
71-55-6; 71-43-2
62-55-5; 61-82-5
57-97-6; 57-57-8
53-70-3; 51-98-9
ISSUES ON HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES AND
RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES IN REGION II
CAM V
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH;
1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 271-276.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM LAND DISPOSAL SUPERFUND
PRIORITY POLLUTANT USA EPA
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7647-01-0; 7440-47-3; 7440-43-9; 7440-41-7;
7440-38-2; 7440-02-0; 7439-97-6; 7439-92-1; 630-08-0; 124-38-9;
50-32-8; 50-00-0 (NLM)
32
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**Location of Mines and Factors Affecting Exposure.
Anon
BUG and Associates, Washington, DC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
NTIS/PB86-219409, 79p
Contract EPA-68-01-7234
TD3: The report provides a qualitative perspective on the risks
that mining wastes pose by first determining the locations of
mines and potential receptor populations (human and wildlife) and
then comparing selected factors which affect exposure of mine
sites with those at hazardous waste sites. The approach
represents the first stage of exposure analysis, one of the
components of a formal risk assessment. However, transport, fate,
and effects of contaminants released from mine waste are not
covered by the report. Final draft rept. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste. (NTIS)
Permeation of chemicals through the skin
Schwope AD
Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge
ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ.; VOL 900, ISS Perform. Prot. Clothing,
1986,221-34
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS An overall risk/benefit anal, relative
to the use of chem. protective clothing for protection from
potentially harmful chems. must ultimately consider the barrier
effectiveness of the skin to the chems. in question. In this
context, the function and behavior of skin as a barrier material
is studied, beginning with a brief discussion of risk assessment
from the perspective of skin permeation. Next, the compn. of and
mechanisms for transport through skin are described. Skin
permeation data from several sources are then presented. The
paper concludes with a series of questions intended to stimulate
thinking and lab. work toward developing an understanding of the
crit. factors in the mechanism described. Hopefully this
information will be a starting point for those involved with
clothing testing and selection, but with little background on the
subject of skin, to begin to consider the role and importance of
the skin in protecting the body. (NLM)
**A proposal for the reduction of animal numbers required for the
acute toxicity to fish test (LC50 determination)
Douglas MT, Chanter DO, Pell IB, Burney GM
Huntingdon Res. Cent, pic, Huntingdon/Cambridgeshire
Aquat. Toxicol.; VOL 8, ISS 4, 1986,243-9
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) were exposed to 10 common industrial and agricultural
chems. in a series of acute toxicity tests to provide data for
the evaluation of the test design currently employed in hazard
assessment for novel chems. in the aquatic environment. Anal, of
33
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these data revealed that the widely employed design of 10 fish at
each of 5 concns. covering 1 order of magnitude could be modified
to 1 of 7 fish at each of 4 concns. with minimal redn. in the
precision of the result, i.e., the LC50 (median lethal concn.)
value. The adoption of this modification to test design would
result in a redn. of .apprx.40% of the no. of exptl. animals used
in bioassays.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 60-57-1; 62-53-3; 63-25-2; 87-86-5; 120-82-1;
121-75-5; 141-78-6; 573-58-0; 1461-22-9; 27176-87-0 (NLM)
RADIATION AND AN INDEX OF HARM, IN: RISK AND REASON: RISK
ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS
POCHIN EE
PROG CLIN BIOL RES; 208:73-84,1986
Keywords: RADIATION, MAMMAL,HUMAN, HOMO SAPIENS (NLM)
**TERATOGENICITY STUDIES IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CAFFEINE
SULLIVAN FM
TERATOLOGY; 33(2):48A,1986
Keywords: GROWTH, MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, CAFFEINE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 58-08-2 (NLM)
**SYMPOSIUM: RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY
SCHARDEIN JL
FUNDAM APPL TOXICOL; 5:607-608, 1985 (NLM)
**TERATOGENICITY STUDIES IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT
SULLIVAN FM
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHARMACOKINETICS IN TERATOGENESIS,
WEST BERLIN, WEST GERMANY, SEPT. 13-15, 1985.
TERATOLOGY; 33 (2). 1986. 48A.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT RODENT CAFFEINE
TERATOGEN LOW BIRTHWEIGHT RETARDED OSSIFICATION PHARMACOKINETICS
CARDIOVASCULAR ACTION ENDOCRINE ACTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 58-08-2 (NLM)
**THE VALIDITY OF RISK ASSESSMENT FOR RADON DAUGHTER INDUCED LUNG
CANCER
STEINHAEUSLER F
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
STUDIES ANIMAL INHALATION STUDIES THEORETICAL DOSIMETRIC MODELING
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10043-92-2 (NLM)
34
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**CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS IN RISK ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH
2378 TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN DIOXIN
PAUSTENBACH DJ, SHU HP, MURRAY FJ
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PA AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT CHILD FISH FLY ASH USA
EUROPE DERMAL ORAL SOIL POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 1746-01-6; 828-00-2 (NLM)
**BIOTECHNOLOGY RISKS A REPLACEMENT FOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
ORGANISMS
GILLETT JW
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT CROP ANIMAL PESTICIDE
BIOCONTROL RECOMBINANT DNA GENETIC ENGINEERING RISK ASSESSMENT
AGRICULTURAL PEST PUBLIC HEALTH PEST (NLM)
**THE CULTURE OF RISK ASSESSMENT AT EPA
YOSIE TF
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT POLLUTION (NLM)
**APPROACHES TO CHEMICAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF
LIMITED DATA
FARLAND WH, AUER CW
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN EPA POLLUTION (NLM)
**UNCERTAINTIES IN DIOXIN RISK ASSESSMENT
HOUK VN
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN ANIMAL MISSOURI
USA CARCINOGEN SOIL POLLUTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 828-00-2 (NLM)
**CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS INDUCED IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES BY LOW DOSES
35
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OF COBALT-60 GAMMA-RAYS DELIVERED AT DIFFERENT DOSE RATES
FABRY L
19TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION
BIOLOGY, PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, AUG. 26-30, 1985. INT J RADIAT
BIOL RELAT STUD PHYS CHEM MED; 49 (4). 1986. 720.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT RADIATION EXPOSURE
GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10198-40-0 (NLM)
THE DEVELOPMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF A GENETICALLY ENGINEERED
MICROBIAL INSECTICIDE
KAUFMAN RJ
SYMPOSIUM ON MOLECULAR ENTOMOLOGY HELD AT THE 15TH ANNUAL MEETING
OF THE UCLA (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-LOS ANGELES) SYMPOSIA ON
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, MAR. 20-APR. 6, 1986. J CELL
BIOCHEM SUPPL; 0 (10 PART C). 1986. 94.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT
BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-KURSTAKI PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CORN
DELTA ENDOTOXIN GENETIC ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
MICROBIAL CONTROL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 11034-88-1 (NLM)
BASIC TOXICOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS TARGET ORGANS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LU, F. C. BASIC TOXICOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS, TARGET ORGANS, AND RISK
ASSESSMENT. XVI+276P. HEMISPHERE PUBLISHING CORPORATION: NEW
YORK, N.Y., USA; LONDON, ENGLAND (DIST. OUTSIDE THE U.S. BY
MCGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL BOOK CO.: AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND;
LONDON, ENGLAND. ILLUS. ISBN 0-89116-389-1(CLOTH); ISBN
0-89116-468-5(PAPER).; 0 (0). 1985 (RECD. 1986). XVI+276P.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK TOXICOKINETICS
CARCINOGENESIS MUTAGENESIS TERATOGENESIS (NLM)
A critical review of multigeneration studies.
CHRISTIAN MS
Argus Res. Lab., Inc., 905 Sheey Dr., Horsham, PA 19044,
J AM COLL TOXICOL; 5 (2). 1986. 161-180.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The Chemical Manufacturers
Association has an ongoing project to summarize information
required to evaluate various approaches to assessment of
reproductive hazards in the workplace. The information presented
in this manuscript was generated as part of that project and
included (1) a search of the published literature to identify,
among other items (a) the procedures used in animal toxicological
reproduction testing and (b) whether the database identified
could be used for determining the number of generations and
litters per generation to be required to provide reproductive
risk assessment data for use in a multigeneration evaluation; and
(2) a review and tabulation of information on scientific
rationale, regulatory history and US and international regulatory
guidelines for conduct of animal toxicological reproduction
testing procedures. The search and review were inclusive only to
their limits, and reports may have been omitted from
36
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consideration because they were unobtainable or unidentified. Of
817 publications identified as relevant, it was possible to
obtain at least 73 rat or mouse multigeneration studies that met
the minimal criteria of at least 4 animals per dosage group and a
premating dosage period of at least 10 days (female animals) or
60 days (male animals). Of these 73 studies, 35 were "negative"
(no effect reported) and 38 were "positive" (some effect
reported), Twenty of the positive studies had effects that were
more severe or first detected in the sec or subsequent
generations than in the first generation. These 20 studies were
selected for use in identifying appropriate testing procedures
because each (1) reported one or more primary adult or litter
reproductive effects, (2) had adequate controls, (3) had more
than one dosage group, and (4) used the rat as the test species.
The chemicals tested in these 20 studies were classified as
insecticides (4 studies), herbicides (3 studies), food/food
additives (3 studies), fungicides (2 studies), drugs (2 studies),
a metal, an "other agent," a hydrocarbon, a detergent, a
plasticizer, and a dioxin (1 study each). These 20 studies were
critically reviewed to identify adult and litter primary
reproductive effects (present in the absence of adult toxicity)
and adult toxic effects. In general, the quality of the published
data was poor. Some measurement of adult toxicity was reported in
18 of the 20 studies; only 13 of these 18 studies reported an
effect. Each of the 20 studies reported some evaluation of
litter parameters; each had some effect. Only 10 of the 20
studies reported an adult primary reproductive effect (9 in the
first generation and 1 in the second generation). The affected
second-generation adults came from a population of compromised
first-generation pups (primary litter reproductive effects:
decreased viability and litter weight). In contrast, all 20
studies had a primary litter reproductive effect present in the
first generation Observations for control litters were erratic
from litter to litter, although findings from the first litter
from generation to generation were essentially reproducible.
Three of the 9 studies with "increasing" primary reproductive
effects were of agents with bioaccumulative properties. On the
basis of this limited sample size (20 studies), it appears that
if the objective the study is to identify the lowest dosage
producing a primary reproductive effect, litter parameters are
those that are most sensitive, and one generation appears to be
sufficient for evaluation. If there is evidence of bioaccumulat
(NLM)
**Priority setting for industrial chemicals of health and
environmental relevance.
SCHULZE H, MUECKE W
Bavarian State Ministry Regional Development and Environment
Protection, Rosenkavalieplatz 2, D-8000 Muenchen 81, FR Germany.
CHEMOSPHERE; 15 (6). 1986. 771-780.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Decision-making for the reduction
of health and far-reaching ecological hazards caused by
environmental chemicals must be based on a scientifically founded
risk assessment. An Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of
37
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Environmental Relevance found an approach for dealing with
industrial chemicals which are already on the market. Selection
was carried out on the basis of criteria applied first as an
aggregate and then individually in combination. (NLM)
Macromolecule adducts, target dose and risk assessment.
Ehrenberg L, Osterman-Golkar S, Trornqvist M
Department of Radiobiology, University of Stockholm, Sweden.
Prog Clin Biol Res; VOL 209B, 1986, P253-60
Keywords: Carcinogens *, Chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship,
Drug, DNA ANALYSIS, Hemoglobins ANALYSIS, Human, Kinetics,
Mutagens *, Risk, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
A risk assessment of lung cancer due to indoor airborne radon and
radon daughters
Cunningham-Burns KM
Health Sci. Cent., Univ. Illinois, Chicago
Piss. AbStr. Int. B 1986, 47(1), 155-6; 1985,201 pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Radon lung cancer building Health
physics radon lung cancer,-Buildings Radon in, risk assessment of
lung cancer from;Health physics Of radon in buildings;Lung From
radon in buildings, risk of
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10043-92-2 (NLM)
Risk assessment approaches for ground water contamination by
pesticides and other organic substances
Stara JF, Patterson J, Dourson ML
U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Cincinnati
ACS Symp. Ser.; VOL 315, ISS Eval. Pestic. Ground Water,
1986 ,445-61
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Groundwater org risk assessment review
Pesticide groundwater risk assessment review Pollution
groundwater risk assessment review;0rganic compounds Groundwater
pollution by, health hazard of, assessment of;Pesticides
Groundwater pollution by, health hazard of, assessment of;Water
pollution By pesticides and org. compds., health hazards of,
assessment of (NLM)
Risk assessment of trace element emissions from an urban
oil-fired power plant
Saperstein MD
Univ. California, Los Angeles
Piss. Abstr. Int. B 1986, 47(4), 1473; 1986,125 pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Trace element pollution power plant
Flue gas trace element pollution Oil fired power trace
element;Air pollution By trace elements and flue gases from urban
oil-fired power plant, risk assessment of;Flue gases Air
pollution by trace elements in, from urban oil-fired power plant,
risk assessment of,-Trace elements Air pollution by flue gases
contg., from urban oil-fired power plant, risk assessment of
38
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(NLM)
A RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM FOR TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY WASTE
DISPOSAL
NEMCHIN RG, COCO JA
WALTERS, D. B. AND C. W. JAMESON (ED.).
HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR TOXICITY TESTING; SYMPOSIUM ON CHEMISTRY AND
SAFETY FOR TOXICITY TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS HELD AT THE
183RD NATIONAL CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING, LAS VEGAS, NEV., USA,
MAR. 1982.
XV+339P. BUTTERWORTH PUBLISHERS: STONEHAM, MASS., USA; LONDON,
ENGLAND. ILLUS. ISBN 0-250-40546-6.; 0 (0). 1984 (RECD. 1986).
283-298.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM LAND DISPOSAL HAZARDOUS WASTE
INCINERATION MODEL LEGISLATION (NLM)
A suggested role of combustion toxicity in fire risk assessment
Alexeeff GV, Packham SC
California Public Health Found., Berkeley, CA 94704
J Test. Eval.; VOL 14, ISS 6, 1986,321-5
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Fire combustion product toxicity
Health risk fire combustion product,-Combustion Health hazard of
products of, assessment of;Combustion Products of, toxicity of,
in fires, risk assessment in relation to;Health hazard Of
combustion product exposure, in fires, assessment of (NLM)
**DETERMINATION OF AIR ROUTE EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES USED IN AND
AROUND THE HOME
LEWIS RG, BOND AE, JOHNSON DE, HSU J-P
192ND AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, SEPT. 7-12, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 192 (0). 1986.
NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT EXPOSURE RISK
ASSESSMENT (NLM)
EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF TOXICOLOGIC
STUDIES: AN APPROACH TO RISK ASSESSMENT IN HUMANS
WOODS JS
FED. PROC. 1979, 38(5) 1891-1896
Keywords: VINYL CHLORIDE, HUMAN, ANIMAL, CHEMICALLY INDUCED,
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS, RISK,
TIME FACTORS, ANGIOSARCOMA, STATISTICS, CARCINOGENS,
TOXICOLOGY, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL, METHODS,
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG, LIVER NEOPLASMS,
VINYL COMPOUNDS, MUTATION, SPECIES SPECIFICITY
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 75-01-4
39
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Development and risk assessment of a genetically engineered
microbial insecticide
Kaufman, R.J.
Sixth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry 8630083
Ottawa (Canada) 10-15 Aug 1986
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
Blackwell Scientific Publications, Osney Mead, Oxford
0X2 OEL (UK),
Paper No. 2F-01 (CPI)
**Management of Risk for Industrial Metallic Aerosols. In Vitro
Assessment of Delivered Dose Per Unit Exposure
Stern, R. M.
Svejsecentralen, Glostrup (Denmark).
Report No.: SVC-85.42
1985 14p
EFP-84.
U.S. Sales Only. Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products.
DE86752100/XAB
Country of Publication: Denmark
For many complex industrial exposures, and for the case of
metallic aerosols in particular, causality between adverse
health effects and exposures has been demonstrated without
characterization of the causative agent beyond the presence of
the putative toxic element. For the case of nickel and chromium
in particular, both historical human epidemiological and experimental
animal data clearly demonstrate an extremely wide range of potencies
for complex occupational exposure and for pure substances which
have, in one form or other, one of these elements in common. With
only few exceptions, current practice for the control of these and
most metals is to regulate exposure of the element per se,
although hexavalent chromium (CrVI) and soluble (unspecified
further) nickel have specific, stringent exposure limits. The
mechanisms underlying the variation in potency have been obscure,
but it is evident that cumulative exposure to the element is
not a reliable index of risk. (ERA citation 11:038961) (NTIS)
40
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HEALTH RISKS
CANCER includes carcinogenesis, carcinogens,
carcinogenicity, genetics, epidemiology, and multi-media
exposure.
Assessment of oxidative metabolism in adults with hepatocellular
carcinoma in the Sudan.
HOMEIDA M MA, DANESHMEND TK, ALI EM, YOUSIF-ELKADARU A GM
ARBAB B MO
University Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW,
Avon.
GUT; 27 (4). 1986. 382-385.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The hypothesis that an increased
rate of oxidative metabolism may be an initiator or promoter of
hepatocellular carcinoma was tested in vivo. Elimination of
antipyrine (phenazone) was used as an index of the activity of
microsomal mixed function oxidative enzymes. Plasma antipyrine
kinetics were examined in 10 patients with hepatocellular
carcinoma and in 10 normal Sudanese adults. The half life, volume
of distribution and clearance of antipyrine in patients were 18.8
U 7.9 hours (mean : SD), 33.8 : 7.7 litres and 23.7 : 10.1
ml/min, respectively; and in normal adults were 20.3 : 8.8 hours,
40.1 : 10.4 litres and 25.7 : 12.0 ml/min, respectively. These
differences were not significant. Antipyrine plasma clearance
when corrected for weight was similar in the two groups. This
study suggests that in a population at risk for hepatocellular
carcinoma, the overall activity of mixed function oxidative
enzymes is not an important determinant in selectively increasing
this risk. (NLM)
**Chemical carcinogens: a review of the science and its associated
principles. U.S. Interagency Staff Group on Carcinogens.
Environ Health Perspect; VOL 67, 1986, P201-82 (REF: 756)
In order to articulate a view of chemical carcinogenesis that
scientists generally hold in common today and to draw upon this
understanding to compose guiding principles that can be used as a
bases for the efforts of the regulatory agencies to establish
guidelines for assessing carcinogenic risk to meet the specific
requirements of the legislative acts they are charged to
implement, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive
Office, the White House drew on the expertise of a number of
regulatory agencies to elucidate present scientific views in
critical areas of the major disciplines important to the process
of risk assessment. The document is composed of two major
sections, Principles and the State-of-the-Science. The latter
consists of subsections on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis,
short-term and long-term testing, and epidemiology, which are
important components in the risk assessment step of hazard
41
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identification. These subsections are followed by one on exposure
assessment, and a final section which includes analyses of
dose-response (hazard) assessment and risk characterization. The
principles are derived from considerations in each of the
subsections. Because of present gaps in understanding, the
principles contain judgmental (science policy) decisions on major
unresolved issues as well as statements of what is generally
accepted as fact. These judgments are basically assumptions which
are responsible for much of the uncertainty in the process of
risk assessment. There was an attempt to clearly distinguish
policy and fact. The subsections of the State-of-the-Science
portion provide the underlying support to the principles
articulated, and to read the "Principles: section without a full
appreciation of the State-of-the-Science section is to invite
oversimplification and misinterpretation. Finally, suggestions
are made for future research efforts which will improve the
process of risk assessment.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
**CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; NOTICE OF REVIEW OF THE SCIENCE AND ITS
ASSOCIATED PRINCIPLES
JENNINGS JD
FED. REG. 1984, 49(100) 21594-21661 (NLM)
Comparative potency method for cancer risk assessment:
application to the quantitative assessment of the contribution of
combustion emissions to lung cancer risk.
Lewtas J
Genetic Bioassay Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
Prog Clin Biol Res; VOL 209B, 1986, P529-35
Keywords: Automobile Exhaust *TOXICITY, Carcinogens, Comparative
Study, Human, Lung Neoplasms *CHEMICALLY INDUCED/OCCURRENCE,
Mutagenicity Tests, Mutagens, Risk (NLM)
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPARATIVE POTENCY METHOD FOR CANCER RISK
ASSESSMENT OF COMPLEX MIXTURES USING SHORT-TERM IN-VIVO AND
IN-VITRO BIOASSAYS
LEWTA J
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH;
1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 193-204.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN MOUSE CHO CELL SMOKING
AIR POLLUTION MUTAGENESIS AMES TEST SKIN CANCER LUNG CANCER
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 68334-30-5; 65996-77-2; 8007-45-2; 8006-61-9
(NLM)
Mechanisms of DNA damage and repair. Implications for
carcinogenesis and risk assessment. Proceedings of a symposium.
June 2-7, 1985, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
42
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Basic Life Sci; VOL 38, 1986, Pl-578
CODEN: 9KO
KEYWORDS: DNA Repair *, DNA *, Neoplasms *ETIOLOGY, Risk,
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.,
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
RISK ANDREASON RISK ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS SATELLITE SYMPOSIUM TO THE
FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS
OSLO NORWAY JUNE 21-22 1985
OFTEDAL, P. AND A. BROGGER (ED.).
PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 208. RISK AND REASON: RISK ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS; SATELLITE
SYMPOSIUM TO THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS, OSLO, NORWAY, JUNE 21-22, 1985. XV+189P. ALAN R. LISS,
INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., USA. ILLUS. ISBN 0-8451-5058-8.; 0 (0).
1986. XV+189P.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK MEETING HUMAN RISK
RECOGNITION RADIATION GENETICS DECISION MAKING (NLM)
A QUANTITATIVE CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY USING
SHORT-TERM GENETIC BIOASSAYS THE COMPARATIVE POTENCY METHOD
LEWTAS J OFTEDAL, P. AND A. BROGGER (ED.).
PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 208. RISK AND REASON: RISK ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS; SATELLITE
SYMPOSIUM TO THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS, OSLO, NORWAY, JUNE 21-22, 1985. XV+189P. ALAN R. LISS,
INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., USA. ILLUS. ISBN 0-8451-5058-8.; 0 (0).
1986. 107-120.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN SOOT CARCINOGENESIS
(NLM)
**Quantitative Risk Assessment of Ionizing Radiation. Lessons from
Chemical Carcinogens.
Martinelli M, Ricci PF
ENEA, Casaccia (Italy). Direzione Central Studi - Unita
Valutazioni Aiabientali.
SPONSORING AGENCY: Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
NTIS/DE86900962, U.S. Sales Only. Portions of this document are
illegible in microfiche products., 14p
ENEA-RT/STUDI-84-1, IAEA-SM-266/77
TD3: This paper contains a synthesis of the information required
to understand the mechanisms of dose-response commonly found in
health risk analysis. The focus is on carcinogenesis from
chemicals and ionizing radiations. There are two sections: the
stochastic functions of carcinogenesis, and the role of animal
study and epidemiology in producing the parameters of these
functions. The emphasis is on how long-term experimental results
in animals and epidemiological studies are used to determine the
43
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carcinogenic potencies of pollutants at the low doses normally
encountered in the environment or in the workplace. The key
conclusion is that (although there is much uncertainty that must
be resolved) some of the necessary knowledge now exists to make
judgements about the usefulness of dose-response models of
cancers from environmental pollution, but if and only if the
associated uncertainty is included in the results of the
analysis. 21 refs. (ERA citation 11:026333) IAEA/WHO symposium
on biological effects of low level radiation, Venice, Italy, 11
Apr 1983. (NLM)
**Science and trans-science in radiation risk assessment: child
cancer around the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield,
U.K.
Crouch D
Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton,
United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ; VOL 53, ISS 3, 1986, P201-16
The assessment of health risks to the population from
radionuclides in the environment is a complex and as yet
incomplete science: biogeochemical mechanisms of environmental
transfer and concentration are poorly understood; models of
radionuclide metabolism rely largely on inconclusive and
contradictory experiments with animals, and the principles by
which results may be extrapolated to humans are unknown;
uncertainties in the dosimetry of alpha-emitters in children and
the foetus are acute; and chronic doubt persists over the
magnitude of low-level dose-response for radiation
carcinogenesis. To deny uncertainties of this nature is to court
public distrust of scientific risk assessment; public confidence
in nuclear power technologies might be strengthened through a
more open discussion of the technical difficulties involved.
These problems are described with reference to the assessment of
cancer risks at a large nuclear facility in the north of England.
The extent of uncertainties in a recent radiological risk
assessment are found to be such that, should scientific concern
persist over the exceptional incidence of child cancer in the
locality, greater consideration should be given to a reappraisal
of the risk calculation. (NLM)
The scientific aspects of carcinogens at work as seen by the
Institute of Occupational Health in Oslo
Norseth T
Inst. Occup. Health, Oslo 0033
Med. Lav.; VOL 77, ISS 4, 1986,338-42
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Review occupational
carcinogen;Carcinogens Occupational exposure to, risk assessment
for;Hygiene Occupational carcinogen exposure risk assessment in
relation to Industrial;Neoplasm Occupational carcinogen exposure
risk assessment in relation to (NLM)
44
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**Identification and comparative risk assessment of airborne
carcinogens from combustion sources
Lewtas J, Nisioka MG, Peterson BA
Address: Health Effects Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park
Report; ISS EPA/600/D-86/013; Order No. PB86-145786/GAR,, 1986,54
PP.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Flue gas carcinogen risk assessment
Urban air carcinogen identification;Air analysis Carcinogen
identification in;Air pollution By carcinogens from flue gases,
risk assessment of;Carcinogens In flue gas-derived air
pollutants, identification and risk assessment of,-Flue gases
Carcinogens in, identification and risk assessment of (NLM)
Opportunity of conservative risk assessment in carcinogenesis
Zapponi GA, Bucchi AR, Lupi C, Rossi L
Lab. Tossicol. Comp. Ecotossicol., 1st. Super. Sanita, Rome
Med. Lav.; VOL 77, ISS 4, 1986,361-9
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS A review with 17 refs. on the
assessment of risk of carcinogenesis from low-level, long-term
carcinogen exposure in humans. (NLM)
**CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT AND GOVERNMENT REGULATION TO PROTECT
PUBLIC HEALTH
SCROGGIN DG
192ND AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, SEPT. 7-12, 1986.
AB5TR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 192 (0).
1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN EPA RADIOACTIVE
FALLOUT POLLUTION CONTROL (NLM)
**SOME ISSUES IN THE QUANTITATIVE MODELING PORTION OF CANCER RISK
ASSESSMENT.
SIELKEN RL JR
REGUL. TOXICOL. PHARMACOL. 1985, 5(2) 175-181
EIS: Epidemiology Information System SEVERAL QUESTIONS SHOULD BE
ASKED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE RELEVANCE AND SCIENTIFIC MERIT OF
A QUANTITATIVE CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT. TWENTY SUCH QUESTIONS ARE
FORMULATED HERE AND BRIEFLY DISCUSSED. THESE QUESTIONS ARE
INTENDED TO IDENTIFY IMPORTANT ISSUES AND SERVE AS A CHECKLIST
FOR RISK MANAGERS AND DEVELOPERS OF QUANTITATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENTS. AMONG THE MANY FACTORS INVOLVED IN THESE QUESTIONS
ARE THE CARCINOGENIC RESPONSE, QUANTAL RESPONSE MODELS, TIME TO
RESPONSE, COMPETING RISKS, MODEL SHAPES, GOODNESS OF FIT, DOSE
SCALE, HIGH-TO-LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATION, CONSISTENCY ACROSS
DIFFERENT SUBJECTS, ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN EXTRAPOLATION, ROUTE-TO-ROUTE
EXTRAPOLATION, EXPOSURE DURATIONS AND PATTERNS, SHORT-TERM TESTS,
CONSISTENCY WITH HUMAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA, HUMAN EXPOSURES,
STATISTICAL VARIABILITY, IMPACTS OF ASSUMPTIONS AND POLICY
DECISIONS AND VALUE JUDGMENTS, RISK CHARACTERIZATION, UPPER AND
LOWER BOUNDS, AND KEEPING PACE WITH SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES.
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MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF CANCER AND THEIR USE IN RISK ASSESSMENT.
WHITTEMORE AS
J. ENVIRON. PATHOL. TOXICOL. 1979, 3(1/2) 353-362
Keywords: SWEETENING AGENTS, AGE FACTORS, ANIMAL, ENVIRONMENTAL
EXPOSURE, HUMAN,MATHEMATICS,MICE,MODELS,
BIOLOGICAL, NEOPLASMS, DIAGNOSIS, NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL
RISK (NLM)
**CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT
CORNFIELD J
SCIENCE 1977, 198() 693-699
EIS: Epidemiology Information System
Keywords: FOOD PRESERVATION,HUMAN,ANIMAL,ANALYSIS,FOOD,
REVIEW, RISK, METHODS, PROBABILITY, CARCINOGENS,
KINETICS, MODELS, THEORETICAL (NLM)
CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT: ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
RAMSEY JC, PARK CN, OTT MG, GEHRING PJ
TOXICOL. APPL. PHARMACOL. 1979, 47(2) 411-414
Keywords: ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE,RISK, NEOPLASMS, MODELS,
MATHEMATICAL, BIOLOGICAL ASSAY, OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES,
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CAS Registry Numbers: 106-93-4
FUNDAMENTAL CARCINOGENIC PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR LOW
DOSE RISK ASSESSMENT
CRUMP KS, HOEL DG, LANGLEY CH, PETO R
CANCER RES. 1976, 36() 2973-2979
Keywords: LIVERNEOPLASMS, ANALYSIS, RISK, CARCINOGENS,
OCCURRENCE, MODELS, BIOLOGICAL, MATHEMATICS, KINETICS
(NLM)
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS AND HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT.
CAMPBELL TC
FED. PROC. 1980, 39(8) 2467-2484
Keywords: RATS, CARCINOGENS, CHEMISTRY, COCARCINOGENESIS, DRUG
INTERACTIONS, DRUGSCREENING,METHODS,FOOD
CONTAMINATION,HUMAN,LEGISLATION,DRUG,MODELS,
THEORETICAL, MUTATION, NEOPLASMS, CHEMICALLY INDUCED,
PROBABILITY, REVIEW, RISK, SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,
DRUG EFFECTS, WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL, ADVERSE EFFECTS
(NLM)
**AIR POLLUTION AND CANCER: RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
CEDERLOF R, DOLL R, FOWLER B, FRIBERG L, NELSON N, VOUK V,
ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. 1978, 22() 1-12
Keywords: MODELS, THEORETICAL, HUMAN, CHEMICALLY INDUCED,
RISK, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, CARCINOGENS,
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DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG, LUNG NEOPLASMS,
URBAN POPULATION (NLM)
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: REPORT OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON
ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS, NATIONAL CANCER ADVISORY BOARD
SAMUELS SW, ADAMSON RH
J. NATL. CANCER INST. 1985, 74(4) 945-951
Keywords: PULMONARY FIBROSIS, HUMAN, ANIMAL, EPIDEMIOLOGIC
METHODS, METHODS, RISK, TOXICITY, CARCINOGENS,
BIOLOGICAL ASSAY, DATA COLLECTION, MODELS,
MATHEMATICAL, MODELS, THEORETICAL, UNITED STATES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NLM)
OBSERVABLE TUMOURS, RISK ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN.
CARLBORG FW
FOOD CHEM. TOXICOL. 1984, 22(1) 69-73
Keywords: PETROLEUM, ANIMAL, CARCINOGENS, ENVIRONMENTAL,
TOXICITY, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG, FEMALE,
HUMAN, MALE, MATHEMATICS, MICE, MODELS, BIOLOGICAL,
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, RISK,
SKIN ABSORPTION, SKIN NEOPLASMS
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 8002-05-9 (NLM)
APPLICATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT TO FOOD SAFETY DECISION MAKING.
RODRICKS J, TAYLOR MR
REGUL. TOXICOL. PHARMACOL. 1983, 3(3) 275-307
Keywords: ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, ANIMAL, CARCINOGENS, ENVIRONMENTAL,
ADVERSE EFFECTS, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG,
FOOD, STANDARDS, HUMAN, LEGISLATION, FOOD, RISK,
SPECIES SPECIFICITY, UNITED STATES (NLM)
**CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT: LETTER.
WILLIAMS GM, WEISBURGER JH
SCIENCE 1983, 221(4605) 6
Keywords: SOYBEANS, ANIMAL, CARCINOGENS, PHARMACODYNAMICS,
HUMAN, RISK (NLM)
RISK ASSESSMENT: SUBJECT LISTING
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY UNIT, FOOD AND DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE COVERAGE LISTING, UNPUBLISHED 1982, 1 P.
Keywords: OCCURRENCE, BIBLIOGRAPHY, DOCUMENTATION, INDEXES, RISK
(NLM)
**Derivation of Cumulated Age Adjusted Tumor Rates for Use
in Low Dose Extrapolation
(Final rept.)
Gaylor, D. W. ; Kodell, R. L. ; Chen, J. J.
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR.
47
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Report NO.: NCTR-6222; FDA/NCTR-86/68
Nov 84 29p
PB86-150794/XAB
If crude experimental proportions of animals with tumors from
chronic bioassays for carcinogenicity are used for low-dose
extrapolation in a risk analysis, different dose-specific
patterns of mortality due to competing risks can bias the results.
In order to adjust tumor rates for differential mortality across
dose groups, Farmer, Kodell and Gaylor (1982) recommended
using nonparametric estimates of probability distributions of
times to onset of tumors, with competing causes of death removed,
when performing a risk analysis. The paper extends the approach
of Farmer, et al (1982) by proposing a method for adjusting
tumor rates to reflect lifetime or near-lifetime tumor
incidences that would be obtained if all dose groups experienced
the control mortality rate from causes other the tumor of
interest. Thus natural mortality due to competing risks
is explicitly included, rather than removed. The proposed
standardized tumor rates are calculated as a summation of
adjusted age-specific probabilities of dying with a tumor
during the course of an animal bioassay for carcinogenicity
Xplus the probability of being alive with a tumor at the
terminal sacrifice. In a dose-response bioassay involving
two or more treatment groups, comparable standardized tumor rates
can be estimated only through the time of the last death in the
shortest surviving dose group, which generally will be the time of
the terminal sacrifice. (NTIS)
A STANDARDIZED BENCHMARK APPROACH TO THE USE OF CANCER
EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT
SMITH AH, SHARP DS
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH;
1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 205-212.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN WORKER BENZENE RADON
DAUGHTER LEUKEMIA LUNG CANCER
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10043-92-2; 71-43-2
STUDIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS IN JAPAN
SUGIMURA T
SCIENCE (WASH D C); 233 (4761). 1986. 312-318.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM REVIEW VIRAL CARCINOGENESIS 4
NITROQUINOLINE 1-OXIDE FOOD ADDITIVE AF-2 COOKED FOODS REGULATORY
ETHICS RISK ANALYSIS PREVENTION HISTORY GOVERNMENT
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 3688-53-7; 56-57-5
*86-064458
**USING CANCER RISK ASSESSMENTS TO DETERMINE 'HOW CLEAN IS CLEAN*,
FERLAND ROGER K.
TWITTY SIEVWRIGHT & MILLS, AZ,
AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSN GROUNDWATER CONTAM & RECLAMATN
48
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SYM, TUCSON, AUG 14-15, 85, PI3(1)
CONF PAPER STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER AS WELL AS FOR AIR
QUALITY AND GROUNDWATER RECLAMATION ARE INCREASINGLY BASED
ON CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT CALCULATIONS. THE TECHNIQUES USED IN
SUCH ASSESSMENTS AND THE ACCURACY AND ISSUES RAISED BY THOSE
TECHNIQUES ARE CONSIDERED. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN DETERMINING
THE RISK OF CANCER TO HUMANS POSED BY VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ON THE
BASIS OF ANIMAL TESTS ARE ADDRESSED; ISSUES RAISED BY CONVERTING
ANIMAL TEST RESULTS TO HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENTS ARE UNDERSCORED.
SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND THE MANNER IN WHICH
THAT PROCESS IS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD-SETTING ARE SUGGESTED.
(ENVL)
49
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HEALTH RISKS
GENOTOXICITY AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS .... includes development
and reproductive effects; embryo and fetal effects, fertility,
exposure during pregnancy, teratogenicity, mutagenesis and
mutagenicity; genetics and carcinogenesis; and neoplasia.
Assessing the risks of Rn exposure: the influence of cigarette
smoking.
Ginevan ME, Mills WA
Health Phys; VOL 51, ISS 2, 1986, P163-74
CODEN: G2H
The principal hazard associated with exposure to Rn progeny is
lung cancer. However, most lung cancer is caused by smoking,
which raises a dual problem of deriving Rn-progeny cancer risk
estimates from miner populations who, in large part, are smokers
and applying these estimates to the general population whose lung
cancer risk, in large part, is determined by smoking habits. We
examine current risk estimates for Rn-progeny-induced lung cancer
using a cohort life table methodology. Estimates of lifetime
probability of dying of lung cancer, average loss in life
expectancy due to premature lung cancer death, and loss in life
expectancy per premature lung cancer death are calculated for the
general population for 1969 and 1978, nonsmokers, and smokers.
These calculations demonstrate that such risk estimates are
affected by smoking, and by trends in smoking habits, in several
ways. Major smoking-related factors in this interaction are the
proportion of smokers in the mining population used to derive
lung cancer risk estimates, the proportion of smokers in the
"general: population, and the assumed interaction (additive or
multiplicative) between lung cancer risk, Rn-progeny exposure,
and smoking history. At this time the data are not sufficient to
recommend one particular modeling approach. However, our
evaluation demonstrates that broad statements about Rn-progeny
lung cancer risk such as "x cancers/10(6) person working level
month,: while informative, are incomplete without further
specification. Any risk assessment must clearly state the
population assumed to be at risk and the risk model assumed to be
operating. Finally, the caveats appropriate to these assumptions
should also be enunciated.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10043-92-2; 7439-92-1; 7440-08-6; 7440-61-1;
7440-69-9 (NLM)
CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS INDUCED IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES BY LOW DOSES
OF COBALT-60 GAMMA-RAYS DELIVERED AT DIFFERENT DOSE RATES
FABRY L
19TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION
BIOLOGY, PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, AUG. 26-30, 1985. INT J RADIAT
BIOL RELAT STUD PHYS CHEM MED; 49 (4). 1986. 720.
51
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BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT RADIATION EXPOSURE
GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10198-40-0 (NLM)
The estimation of risks from the induction of recessive mutations
after exposure to ionising radiation.
Searle AG, Edwards JH
J Med Genet; VOL 23, ISS 3, 1986, P220-6
Since recent assessments of genetic risks from radiation have
concentrated on harmful dominant effects, a quantitative
assessment of risks from recessives is needed. Presumably,
harmful recessives can arise at all loci coding for essential
proteins (perhaps 10 000), but mutation to dominant alleles is
likely to be a property of relatively few loci. While many
recessives doubtless remain to be discovered, those known at
present tend to have earlier and more severe effects than
dominants. Induced recessive mutations can cause harm by
partnership with a defective allele already established in the
population; partnership with another recessive mutation induced
at the same locus; the formation of homozygous descendants, that
is, identity by descent; and heterozygous effects. Calculations
based on a combination of data from observations on human
populations and from mouse experiments suggest that an extra
genetically significant dose of 1 cGy (centiGray, equivalent to 1
rad) X or gamma irradiation received by each parent in a stable
population with a million liveborn offspring would induce up to
1200 extra recessive mutations. From partnership effects, about
one extra case of recessive disease would be expected in the
following 10 generations. Homozygosity resulting from identity by
descent could not normally occur until the fourth generation
after exposure but, on certain assumptions, about ten extra cases
of recessive disease would be expected from this cause by the
tenth generation. In the same period, about 250 recessive alleles
would be eliminated in heterozygotes (that is, Muller's 'genetic
deaths') given 2.5% heterozygous disadvantage. These deleterious
heterozygous effects should not be combined with those of
dominants, as has been done in some previous risk
estimates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) (NLM)
A critical review of multigeneration studies.
CHRISTIAN MS
Argus Res. Lab., Inc., 905 Sheeny Dr., Horsham, PA 19044.
J AM COLL TOXICOL; 5 (2). 1986. 161-180.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The Chemical Manufacturers
Association has an ongoing project to summarize information
required to evaluate various approaches to assessment of
reproductive hazards in the workplace. The information presented
in this manuscript was generated as part of that project and
included (1) a search of the published literature to identify,
among other items (a) the procedures used in animal toxicological
reproduction testing and (b) whether the database identified
could be used for determining the number of generations and
litters per generation to be required to provide reproductive
52
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risk assessment data for use in a multigeneration evaluation; and
(2) a review and tabulation of information on scientific
rationale, regulatory history and US and international regulatory
guidelines for conduct of animal toxicological reproduction
testing procedures. The search and review were inclusive only to
their limits, and reports may have been omitted from
consideration because they were unobtainable or unidentified. Of
817 publications identified as relevant, it was possible to
obtain at least 73 rat or mouse multigeneration studies that met
the minimal criteria of at least 4 animals per dosage group and a
premating dosage period of at least 10 days (female animals) or
60 days (male animals). Of these 73 studies, 35 were "negative"
(no effect reported) and 38 were "positive" (some effect
reported). Twenty of the positive studies had effects that were
more severe or first detected in the sec or subsequent
generations than in the first generation. These 20 studies were
selected for use in identifying appropriate testing procedures
because each (1) reported one or more primary adult or litter
reproductive effects, (2) had adequate controls, (3) had more
than one dosage group, and (4) used the rat as the test species.
The chemicals tested in these 20 studies were classified as
insecticides (4 studies), herbicides (3 studies), food/food
additives (3 studies), fungicides (2 studies), drugs (2 studies),
a metal, an "other agent," a hydrocarbon, a detergent, a
plasticizer, and a dioxin (1 study each). These 20 studies were
critically reviewed to identify adult and litter primary
reproductive effects (present in the absence of adult toxicity)
and adult toxic effects. In general, the quality of the published
data was poor. Some measurement of adult toxicity was reported in
18 of the 20 studies; only 13 of these 18 studies reported an
effect. Each of the 20 studies reported some evaluation of
litter parameters; each had some effect. Only 10 of the 20
studies reported an adult primary reproductive effect (9 in the
first generation and 1 in the second generation). The affected
second-generation adults came from a population of compromised
first-generation pups (primary litter reproductive effects:
decreased viability and litter weight). In contrast, all 20
studies had a primary litter reproductive effect present in the
first generation. Observations for control litters were erratic
from litter to litter, although findings from the first litter
from generation to generation were essentially reproducible.
Three of the 9 studies with "increasing" primary reproductive
effects were of agents with bioaccumulative properties. On the
basis of this limited sample size (20 studies), it appears that
if the objective the study is to identify the lowest dosage
producing a primary reproductive effect, litter parameters are
those that are most sensitive, and one generation appears to be
sufficient for evaluation. If there is evidence of bioaccumulat
(NLM)
53
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INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS PERSPECTIVES ON THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
IN GENETIC TOXICOLOGY
BRIDGES BA
OFTEDAL, P. AND A. BROGGER (ED.).
PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 208.
RISK AND REASON: RISK ASSESSMENT
IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS; SATELLITE
SYMPOSIUM TO THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS, OSLO, NORWAY, JUNE 21-22, 1985. XV+189P. ALAN R. LISS,
INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., USA. ILLUS. ISBN 0-8451-5058-8.; 0 (0).
1986. 175-182.
CODEN: PCBRD
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN GERM CELL GENETIC
HYPERSENSITIVITY CARCINOGENESIS EPIDEMIOLOGY (NLM)
Interpretation of genotoxicity data in assessing the risks of
genetic diseases.
Denniston C
Basic Life Sci; VOL 38, 1986, P519-27
Two aspects of genetic risk assessment have been discussed
briefly. Some new results concerning the logical development of
mutagenic screening programs have been reviewed. In addition, a
brief introduction to quantitative risk estimation has been
given. (NLM)
Intragenomic heterogeneity in DNA damage processing: potential
implications for risk assessment.
Hanawalt PC
Basic Life Sci; VOL 38, 1986, P489-98
KEYWORDS: Carcinogens *, Cell Line, Cell Transformation,
Neoplastic * DNA Repair *, DNA GENETICS, Genes *, Human,
Mutagens *, Mutation*, Risk, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Support,
U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Xeroderma
Pigmentosum
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9007-49-2 (NLM)
Issues in risk assessment in male reproductive toxicology
Zenick H, Clegg ED
Off. Health Environ. Effects, EPA, Washington
J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. ; VOL 5, ISS 4, 1986,249-59
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS A review with 12 refs. of hazard
identification in male reproductive risk assessment and
dose-response relationship in the risk assessment. (NLM)
Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE.
Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, McKinney JD, Carxeras N, Hardy P, Thullen J,
Tinglestad J, Tully M
J Pediatr; VOL 109, ISS 2, 1986, P335-41
Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) were
54
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examined in a study of 912 infants. Birth weight, head
circumference, and neonatal jaundice showed no relationship to
PCBs or DDE. We also administered the Brazelton Neonatal
Behavioral Assessment Scales, which are psychologic and
neurologic tests designed for use in newborn infants. The results
of these tests showed that higher PCB levels were associated with
hypotonicity and hyporeflexia and that higher DDE levels were
associated with hyporeflexia.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 72-55-9 (NLM)
Reproductive and developmental toxicity risk assessment
Smith JM
Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia
ACS Symp. Ser. ; VOL 315, ISS Eval. Pestic. Ground Water,
1986,414-22
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS A review with 13 refs. on reprodn. and
developmental toxicity assessment for environment-polluting
pesticides. (NLM)
**Reproductive Effects Assessment Group's Review of the
Mutagenicity of Vinylidene Chloride.
Jacobson-Kram D
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment.
NTIS/PB86-204666, lip
EPA/600/J-86/065
TD3: A large number of studies indicate that vinylidene chloride
is mutagenic to bacteria and that this activity is largely
dependent on microsomal activation. Vinylidene chloride was
reported to produce positive results for gene reversion and
conversion in yeast, which was also dependent on metabolic
activation, and was positive in tradescantia. In mammalian
systems vinylidene chloride failed to induce gene mutations in
V79 cells at two separate loci, failed to induce chromosomal
aberrations in mouse bone marrow in vivo, and failed to induce
dominant lethals in either mice or rats. Vinylidene chloride was
found to bind to DNA of mice exposed through inhalation and may
have caused unscheduled DNA synthesis in the kidneys of similarly
exposed mice. Analysis of the data relating to the potential of
vinylidene chloride to behave as a human germ-cell mutagen
indicates that, based on the criteria established in EPA's
Proposed Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment, the
evidence at the present time is classified as limited. Journal
article, Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 8, p!61-169 Jan 86.
(NLM)
SEQUENTIAL METHODS IN GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT.
HOEL DG
GENETICS 1979, 92(SUPPL. 1, PT. 1) S195-S198
Keywords: SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS, MUTATION, PROBABILITY, RISK,
STATISTICS (NLM)
55
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GUIDANCE FOR THE EVALUATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF
CHEMICAL EMBRYO-FETOTOXINS.
KARRH BW, CARMODY TW, CLYNE RM, GOULD KG, PORTELA-CUBRIA G,
SMITH JM, FREIFELD M
J. OCCUP. MED. 1981, 23(6) 397-399
Keywords: REVIEW .ANIMAL , EMBRYO, DRUG EFFECTS, FEMALE, FETAL
DISEASES, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, HUMAN, JURISPRUDENCE,
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, PREVENTION AND CONTROL,
PREGNANCY, RISK, TERATOGENS, ANALYSIS, UNITED STATES
(NLM)
^DIFFERENTIATION OF GENETIC VERSUS EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF
TOXICITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO RISK ASSESSMENT.
STOTT WT, WATANABE PG
DRUG METAB. REV. 1982, 13(5) 853-873
Keywords: P-DIOXANE, TETRACHLOROETHYLENE, HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE,
DNA, ANIMAL, BIOLOGICAL ASSAY, BUTADIENES,
CARCINOGENS, COMPARATIVE STUDY, DIOXANES, DOSE-RESPONSE
RELATIONSHIP, DRUG, DNA REPAIR, METABOLISM, KIDNEY
NEOPLASMS, CHEMICALLY INDUCED, KINETICS, LIVER
NEOPLASMS, MODELS, BIOLOGICAL, MUTAGENICITY TESTS,
MUTATION, NEOPLASMS, REVIEW, RISK
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 123-91-1, 127-18-4, 87-68-3, 9007-49-2 (NLM)
**Aneuploidy and Health Risk Assessment: Current Status
and Future Directions
(Journal article)
Dellarco, V. L. ; Mavournin, K. H. ; Tice, R. R.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Reproductive
Effects Assessment Group.
Sponsor: Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.; ; Brookhaven National Lab.,
Upton, NY.
Report NO.: EPA/600/J-85/316
C1985 22p
PB86-164845/XAB
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7, p405-424 May 85.
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.,
and Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a workshop
to discuss (1) the contribution of aneuploidy to human disease
and disability, (2) the development of tests for detecting chemicals
that induce aneuploidy and the relevance of these tests to human
risk, and (3) the current understanding of mechanisms by which
aneuploidy arises. The summary is based on the presentations
given at the workshop. It is hoped that the summary will stimulate
thinking in the vitally important area of risk assessment and
contribute to the establishment of priorities for basic
research, development of new test methods, and validation of
existing test approaches. Such research is needed to enhance the
scientific basis of risk assessment for aneuploidy-producing
chemicals. (NTIS)
56
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**Reproductive Health Hazards in the Workplace.
Volume 1. Selected Ethical Issues in the Management of
Reproductive Health Hazards in the Workplace
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC.
Jan 86 117p
PB86-172152/XAB
See also Volume 2, PB86-172160.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB86-172145.
Volume I: Selected ethical issues in the management of
reproductive health hazards in the workplace; The moral issues;
Ethical issues in risk assessment and the 'right to know';
The policy options before Congress; Ethical issues in
discrimination and job termination; Ethical analysis of legislative
option: Compensation for reproductive damage resulting from the
workplace; Ethics, risk assessment and reproductive hazards. (NTIS)
Study designs appropriate for the workplace
Hogue CJ R
Div. Reprod. Health, Cent. Health Promot. Educ., Atlanta
Occup. Med.; State of the Art Rev.; VOL 1, ISS 3, 1986,457-72
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Reproductive hazard assessment
workplace review,-Health hazard Reproductive, assessment of,
research design for Occupational;Reproduction Occupational
health hazard effect on, assessment of, research design for
(NLM)
TERATOGENICITY STUDIES IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT
SULLIVAN FM
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHARMACOKINETICS IN TERATOGENESIS,
WEST BERLIN, WEST GERMANY, SEPT. 13-15, 1985. TERATOLOGY; 33 (2).
1986. 48A.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT RODENT CAFFEINE
TERATOGEN LOW BIRTHWEIGHT RETARDED OSSIFICATION PHARMACOKINETICS
CARDIOVASCULAR ACTION ENDOCRINE ACTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 58-08-2 (NLM)
**TERATOGENICITY STUDIES IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CAFFEINE
SULLIVAN FM
TERATOLOGY; 33(2):48A,1986
Keywords: GROWTH, MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, CAFFEINE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 58-08-2 (NLM)
SYMPOSIUM: RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY
SCHARDEIN JL
FUNDAM APPL TOXICOL; 5:607-608, 1985 (NLM)
57
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CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT
Neoplasm risk in men occupationally exposed to asbestos dust
Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Wilczyrnska U, Szymczak W
Z Zakradu Epidemiologii i Statystyki Instytutu Medycyny Pracy w
Lodzi.
Med Pr; VOL 37, ISS 3, 1986, P129-38
Language: Polish
To evaluate the magnitude of cancer risk in those occupationally
exposed to asbestos dust, a historically prospective cohort has
been investigated. The observation covered 2403 men employed for
at least 3 months, within 1945-1973, in a factory producing
various asbestos products—including chrysotile. The cohort
availability on 31 Dec. 1981 was 91.3%. The risk analysis was
based on the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) calculated by the
man-years method. The reference group was composed of general men
population in Poland. Totally, in the test cohort 401 deaths were
certified, in this 73 due to malignant tumours and 31 due to the
respiratory system cancer. The total standardized mortality ratio
(SMR) came to 85, for malignant tumours, SMR = 104.8 for the
respiratory system cancer SMR = 144.7, lung cancer-139.5%. Those
values were not statistically significant. In the cohort of those
employed during 1945-1955, selected due to a very high
concentration of asbestos dust at this time and long observation
time from the first contact with asbestos dust, the total SMR was
90.7, the one for malignant tumours-136.2 (p less than 0.05). In
this cohort 21 deaths for the respiratory system cancer were
observed, the total SMR = 191.1 (p less than 0.01), in this 18
for the lung cancer, SMR = 187.1 (p less than 0.05). The other
cancer groups did not exhibit any statistically significant
standardized mortality rate. The analysis points to a
considerable lung cancer risk in those occupationally exposed to
asbestos dust at the time of high non-controlled asbestos dust
concentrations.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 1332-21-4
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Asphalt
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment,
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report NO.: SRC-TR-85-188
Jul 85 44p
PB86-155082/XAB
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
59
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relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and manual
literature searches for the period extending back approximately
ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to exhaustively review the
toxicologic literature; where appropriate the reader is referred
to comprehensive reviews on this topic. Special attention in this
report was focused on summarizing the available information
regarding the carcinogenic potential of the chemical.
(NTIS)
**The assessment of major hazards: the lethal toxicity of bromine
Withers RM J, Lees FP
Dep. Chem. Eng., Loughborough Univ. Techno1.,
Loughborough/Leicestershire
J. Hazard. Mater.; VOL 13, ISS 3, 1986,279-99
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Lethal toxicity bromine assessment
model Bromine exposure hazard assessment model Health hazard
bromine exposure model;Air pollution By bromine, exposure to,
lethal toxicity of, model for,-Health hazard Of bromine exposure,
assessment of, lethal toxicity model for,-Process simulation Of
bromine lethal toxicity, for exposure hazaird assessment
Physicochemical;Toxicity Lethal, of bromine, to humans, model for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7726-95-6 (NLM)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Cadmium
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment.
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst. , Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report NO.: SRC-TR-84-665
Jul 85 48p
PB86-155140/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on the topic.
Special attention in the report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NYMBERS: 7440-43-9 (NTIS)
**CARBARYL A TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW AND RISK ANALYSIS
CRANMER MF
NEUROTOXICOLOGY (LITTLE ROCK); 7 (1). 1986. 247-328.
60
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BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN ANIMAL SEVIN
NEUROTOXICITY TERATOGEN MUTAGEN CARCINOGEN IMMUNOTOXICITY
INSECTICIDE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 63-25-2 (NLM)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Carbon Black
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment,
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-84-1015
Jul 85 44p
PB86-152048/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on this topic.
Special attention in this report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential
of the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 1333-86-4 (NTIS)
**Health effects assessment for 1,1-dichloroethylene
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/051;
Order No. PB86-134624/GAR,, 1984,45pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Chloroethylene exposure health hazard
review,-Health hazard Of dichloroethylene exposure, assessment
of;Hygiene Dichloroethylene exposure health hazard assessment in
relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 75-35-4 (NLM)
**CRITICAL ASSUMPTIONS IN RISK ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH
2378 TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN DIOXIN
PAUSTENBACH D J, SHU HP, MURRAY FJ
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC ; 191 (0). 1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT CHILD FISH FLY ASH USA
EUROPE DERMAL ORAL SOIL POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 1746-01-6; 828-00-2
61
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**UNCERTAINTIES IN DIOXIN RISK ASSESSMENT
HOUK VN
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN ANIMAL MISSOURI
USA CARCINOGEN SOIL POLLUTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 828-00-2 (NLM)
**HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND
DIBENZOFURANS OTHER THAN 2378 TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
BELLIN JS, BARNES DG
AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES.
TOXICOL IND HEALTH; 1 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 235-248.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN FLY ASH EPA SOIL
POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 72918-21-9; 70648-26-9; 60851-34-5; 57653-85-7;
57117-44-9; 57117-41-6; 57117-31-4; 51207-31-9; 40321-76-4;
39227-28-6; 19408-74-3; 1746-01-6 (NLM)
THE DEVELOPMENT AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF A GENETICALLY ENGINEERED
MICROBIAL INSECTICIDE
KAUFMAN RJ
SYMPOSIUM ON MOLECULAR ENTOMOLOGY HELD AT THE 15TH ANNUAL MEETING
OF THE UCLA (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-LOS ANGELES) SYMPOSIA ON
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, MAR. 20-APR. 6, 1986.
J CELL BIOCHEM SUPPL; 0 (10 PART C). 1986. 94.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT
BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-KURSTAKI PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CORN
DELTA ENDOTOXIN GENETIC ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
MICROBIAL CONTROL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 11034-88-1 (NLM)
FIELD CONFIRMATION OF A LABORATORY-DERIVED HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF
THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF FENTHION TO PINK SHRIMP PENAEUS-DUORARUM
BORTHWICK PW, CLARK JR, MONTGOMERY RM, PATRICK J M JR, LORES EM
BAHNER, R. C. AND D. J. HANSEN (ED.). ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR
TESTING AND MATERIALS) SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION, 891.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT; EIGHT SYMPOSIUM, FORT
MITCHELL, KY., USA, APR. 15-17, 1984. X+480P. AMERICAN SOCIETY
FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS: PHILADELPHIA, PA., USA. ILLUS. ISBN
0-8031-0437-5.; 0 (0). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 177-190.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM LC-50 INSECTICIDE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 55-38-9 (NLM)
**Health effects assessment for glycol ethers
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/052;
62
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Order No. PB86-134632/GAR,, 1984,90pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Glycol ether health hazard
review;Health hazard Of glycol ether exposure, assessment
of,-Hygiene Glycol ether exposure health hazard assessment in
relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 109-86-4; 110-80-5; 111-76-2; 112-34-5;
1320-67-8; 52125-53-8 (NLM)
**Health effects assessment for hexachlorobutadiene
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/053;
Order No. PB86-134640/GAR,, 1984,34pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Chlorobutadine exposure health hazard
review;Health hazard Of hexachlorobutadiene exposure, assessment
of;Hygiene Hexachlorobutadiene exposure health risk assessment in
relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 87-68-3 (NLM)
**Hycanthone: an unresolved case study in risk assessment.
de Serres FJ
Mutat Res; VOL 164, ISS 4, 1986, P199-201
Keywords: Animal, Hycanthone *TOXICITY, Mutagens *, Research
Design, Risk, Species Specificity, Thioxanthenes *TOXICITY
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 3105-97-3 (NLM)
**Monograph on Human Esposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Hydrazine
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment,
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-84-533
July 85
PB86-155108/XAB
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were extending back approximately ten
years from 1984. No attempt was made to exhaustively review the
toxicologic literature; where appropriate the reader is referred
to comprehensive reviews on this topic. Special attention in this
report was focused on summarizing the available information
regrading the carcinogenic potential of the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 302-01-2 (NLM)
**Health effects assessment for iron {and compounds)
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/054;
Order No. PB86-134657/GAR,, 1984,45pp.
63
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CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Iron exposure health hazard
review;Health hazard Of iron exposure, assessment of;Hygiene iron
exposure health risk assessment in relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7439-89-6 (NLM)
**Health effects assessment for lindane
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/056;
Order NO. PB86-134673/GAR,, 1984,49pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Lindane health hazard assessment
review;Health hazard Of lindane exposure, assessment of;Hygiene
Lindane exposure health effect assessment in relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 58-89-9 (NLM)
**Inhalation toxicity of lithium combustion aerosols in rats.
Greenspan B J, Allen MD, Rebar AH
J Toxicpl Environ Health; VOL 18, ISS 4, 1986, P627-37
Studies of the acute inhalation toxicity of lithium combustion
aerosols were undertaken to aid in evaluating the health hazards
associated with the proposed use of lithium metal in fusion
reactors. A system was developed to generate lithium combustion
aerosols by sweeping vapor from molten lithium metal into a
controlled air atmosphere. Male and female F344/Lov rats, 9-12 wk
of age, were exposed once for 4 h to concentrations of 2600,
2300, 1400, or 620 mg/m3 of aerosol (MMAD =0.69 micrometer,
sigma g = 1.45) that was approximately 80% lithium carbonate and
20% lithium hydroxide to determine the acute toxic effects.
Fourteen-day LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of 1700
(1300-2000) mg/m3 for the male rats and 2000 (1700-2400) mg/m3
for the female rate were calculated. Clinical signs of anorexia,
dehydration, respiratory difficulty, and perioral and perinasal
encrustation were observed. Body weights were decreased the first
day after exposure in relation to the exposure concentration. In
animals observed for an additional 2 wk, body weights, organ
weights, and clinical signs began to return to preexposure
values. Histopathologic examination of the respiratory tracts
from the animals revealed ulcerative or necrotic laryngitis,
focal to segmental ulcerative rhinitis often accompanied by areas
of squamous metaplasia, and, in some cases, a suppurative
bronchopneumonia or aspiration pneumonia, probably secondary to
the laryngeal lesions. The results of these studies indicate the
moderate acute toxicity of lithium carbonate aerosols and will
aid in the risk analysis of accidental releases of lithium
combustion aerosols. (NLM)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7439-93-2
**Health effects assessment for manganese (and compounds)
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/057;
Order No. PB86-134681/GAR,, 1984,66pp.
64
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CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Manganese health hazard assessment
review;Health hazard Of manganese exposure, assessment
of,,-Hygiene Manganese health effect assessment in relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7439-96-5 (NLM)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Mercaptans
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment,
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-85-187
Jul 85 37p
PB86-155090/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on the topic.
Special attention in the report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
(NTIS)
**Hazard evaluation of monochloroacetone
Sargent EV, Kirk GD, Kite M
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal July 1986,
Vol.47, No.7, p.375-378. 9 ref.
This compound was introduced in 1914 as a war gas, and is
presently used as a chemical intermediate in various industrial
processes. Risk assessment indicates that monochloroacetone is
extremely irritating to the eyes and skin; exposure leads to
delayed vesication and swelling of the skin; inhalation of MCA
produces irritation to the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract.
MCA has been shown to be an initiator of tumours in mouse skin;
MCA may therefore be considered as a presumptive tumorigen, even
though it was negative in Ames mutagenicity tests. It is
recommended that direct contact with liquid and vapours be
prevented through strict engineering controls and that air
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 78-95-5 (NLM)
**Models for respiratory cancer in nickel refinery workers.
Kaldor J, Peto J, Easton D, Doll R, Hermon C, Morgan L
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Agency
for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
JNCI; VOL 77, ISS 4, 1986, P841-8
65
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Lung and nasal sinus cancer death rates among employees of a
nickel refinery in South Wales were examined from the standpoint
of quantifying the relationship between exposure and the risk of
these two cancers. Areas in the refinery associated with high
risk were identified by using a matched case-control approach,
and a simple index of exposure for each man was constructed
accordingly based on the duration of time spent in these areas.
The dependence of relative risk and absolute excess risk for lung
and nasal sinus cancers on age at first employment, calendar
period of first employment, time since first employment, and
duration of exposure in high-risk areas was then analyzed. The
relative risk for nasal sinus cancer increased sharply with
increasing age at first exposure but remained roughly constant
throughout the period of follow-up, while that for lung cancer
was independent of age at first exposure and dropped sharply with
increasing time since first employment. The implications and
limitations of these analyses are discussed in relation to the
multistage theory of carcinogenesis and occupational risk
assessment.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7440-02-2 (NLM)
RELATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF NITRITE
TANNENBAUM SR
PROC. MEAT IND. RES. CONF. 1979, PP. 67-73
Keywords: NITRITE, ETIOLOGY, METABOLISM, RISK, NITRITES, FOOD
ADDITIVES, NITRATES, SALIVA, INTESTINES, STOMACH
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 14797-65-0 (NLM)
**Evaluation of the Oil Spill Risk Analysis as Presented in St.
George Basin Sale 89 EIS.
Anon
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
NTIS/PB86-190337, 102p
TD3: The report describes and evaluates the current approach to
the oil spill risk analysis as conducted for St. George Basin
Sale 89. An oil spill trajectory analysis (OTSA) model was
developed for the U.S. Minerals Management Service to calculate
the risk of oil spills damaging environmentally sensitive
resources. The purpose of the report is to review the Minerals
Management Service oil spill risk analysis as presented in the
Lease Sale 89 EIS. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Seattle, WA. Region X. (NLM)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the
Workplace: Pentachlorophenol
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-84-535
66
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Jul 85 45p
PB86-155116/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on this topic.
Special attention in this report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 87-86-5 (NTIS)
**Health effects assessment for phenanthrene
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criteria Assessment Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/029;
Order No. PB86-134400/GAR,, 1984,24pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Health hazard assessment
phenanthrene;Health hazard Of phenanthrene
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 85-01-8 (NLM)
AN AQUATIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT PICLORAM
MAYES MA, OLIVER GR
BAHNER, R. C. AND D. J. HANSEN (ED.). ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR
TESTING AND MATERIALS) SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION, 891.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT; EIGHT SYMPOSIUM, FORT
MITCHELL, KY., USA, APR. 15-17, 1984. X+480P. AMERICAN SOCIETY
FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS: PHILADELPHIA, PA., USA. ILLUS. ISBN
0-8031-0437-5.; 0 (0). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 253-269.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH
PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS GAMMARUS-LACUSTRIS DAPHNIA-MAGNA
CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA TORDON GRAZON AMDON HERBICIDE STORMWATER
RUNOFF LC-50 NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 1918-02-1 (NLM)
**A REVIEW OF THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION RISK ANALYSIS FOR
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FISH.
MAXIM LD, HARRINGTON L
REGUL.r TOXICOL. PHARMACOL. 1984, 4() 192-219
Keywords: HYPERTENSION, HUMAN, ANIMAL, ANALYSIS, REVIEW, RISK
UNITED STATES, POLYCHLOROBIPHENYL COMPOUNDS, FISH, UNITED STATES
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, TOLERANCE, STANDARDS, RESEARCH
MODELS, MATHEMATICAL, MODELS, BIOLOGICAL (NLM)
**Health effects assessment for pyrene
United States Environmental Protection Agency
67
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Environ. Criteria Assessment Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/030;
Order No. PB86-134418/GAR,, 1984,25pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Health hazard assessment pyrene;Health
hazard Of pyrene, assessment of
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 129-00-0 (NLM)
Assessing the risks of radon exposure: The influence of cigarette
smoking.
GINEVAN ME, MILLS WA
George Washington Univ., ICU Research, 2300 K. Street NW,
Washington, DC 20037.
HEALTH PHYS ; 51 (2). 1986. 163-174.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The principal hazard associated
with exposure to Rn progeny is lung cancer. However, most lung
cancer is caused by smoking, which raises a dual problem of
deriving Rn-progeny cancer risk estimates from miner populations
who, in large part, are smokers and applying these estimates to
the general population whose lung cancer risk, in large part, is
determined by smoking habits. We examine current risk estimates
for Rn-progeny-induced lung cancer using a cohort life table
methodology. Estimates of lifetime probability of dying of lung
cancer, average loss in life expectancy due to premature lung
cancer death, and loss in life expectancy per premature lung
cancer death are calculated for the general population for 1969
and 1978, nonsmokers, and smokers. These calculations demonstrate
that such risk estimates are affected by smoking, and by trends
in smoking habits, in several ways. Major smoking-related factors
in this interaction are the proportion of smokers in the mining
population used and the assumed interaction (additive of
multiplicative) between lung cancer risk, Rn-progeny exposure,
and smoking history. At this time the data are not sufficient to
recommend one particular modeling approach. However, our
evaluation demonstrates that broad statements about Rn-progeny
lung cancer risk such as "xcancers/106 person working level
month", while informative, are incomplete without further
specification. Any risk assessment must clearly state the
population assumed to be at risk and the risk model assumed to be
operating. Finally, the caveats appropriate to these assumptions
should also be enunciated.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10043-92-2 (NLM)
**THE VALIDITY OF RISK ASSESSMENT FOR RADON DAUGHTER INDUCED LUNG
CANCER
STEINHAEUSLER F
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
STUDIES ANIMAL INHALATION STUDIES THEORETICAL DOSIMETRIC MODELING
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 10043-92-2 (NLM)
68
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**Health effects assessment for selenium (and compounds)
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Environ. Criter. Assess. Off., Cincinnati
Report; ISS EPA/540/1-86/058;
Order No. PB86-134699/GAR,, 1984,63pp.
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Health hazard assessment selenium
review;Health hazard Of selenium exposure, assessment of,-Hygiene
Selenium health effect assessment in relation to
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7782-49-2 (NLM)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Styrene
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-84-1124
Jul 85 68p
PB86-155132/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on the topic.
Special attention in the report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 100-42-5 (NTIS)
**Health risks of sulfur dioxide released from coal-fired plants:
a model for general evaluations
De Santis V, Onufrio G
Dep. Phys., Univ. Bologna, Bologna
Environ. Res.; VOL 41, ISS 1, 1986,130-8
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Health risk sulfur dioxide pollution
Model health assessment sulfur dioxide Coal firing health sulfur
dioxide;Air pollution By sulfur dioxide, exposure to, health risk
assessment of, model for, from coal-fired plants,-Health hazard
From sulfur dioxide exposure, assessment of, model for;Power
Generation of, coal-fired plants for, sulfur dioxide from, health
risk of, model for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7446-09-5 (NLM)
69
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**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Titanium Dioxide
(Final rept.)
Santondonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment.
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report NO.: SRC-TR-84-804
Jul 85 35p
PB86-155074/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on the topic.
Special attention in the report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 13463-67-7 (NTIS)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Vinyl Acetate
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment,
Corp. Source Codes: 059452001
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-85-190
Jul 85 45p
PB86-155157/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on the topic.
Special attention in the report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential
of the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 108-05-4 (NTIS)
70
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**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace:
Xylene
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment.
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-84-1126
Jul 85 5Ip
PB86-155124/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on this topic.
Special attention in this report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 106-42-3; 108-38-3; 95-47-6 (NTIS)
**Monograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace: Zinc
Chromate
(Final rept.)
Santodonato, J.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment.
Sponsor: National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Report No.: SRC-TR-84-1125
Jul 85 45p
PB86-155165/XAB
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div.
of Cancer Etiology.
Contract No.: N01-CP-26002-03
The report presents a summary and evaluation of information
relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.
Pertinent toxicologic data were located through on-line and
manual literature searches for the period extending back
approximately ten years from 1984. No attempt was made to
exhaustively review the toxicologic literature; where appropriate
the reader is referred to comprehensive reviews on the topic.
Special attention in the report was focused on summarizing
the available information regarding the carcinogenic potential of
the chemical.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 13530-65-9 (NTIS)
71
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**Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored
Smoke Munitions: Aerosol Measurements in the Workplace at Pine
Bluff, Arkansas.
Henderson RF, Newton GJ, Cheng Y, Chen B, Hanson RL
Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Inst.
Albuquerque, NM.
NTIS/AD-A166 459/8, 35p
TD3: The Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology R€;search Institute has
been conducting inhalation toxicity studies on the organic dyes
used in colored smoke munitions to provide a health hazard
assessment for the workers engaged in fabrication of these smoke
munitions. This report summarizes the results of a field sampling
effort at the United States Army's Pine Bluff Arsenal to measure
the size distributions and aerosol concentrations to which
workers might be exposed. Aerosol samples were taken in the
workplace during routine operation of the colored smoke grenade
fabrication facility. During this sampling period, the M18 yellow
smoke grenade was being produced. Filter samples were used to
determine the concentration of airborne dye-containing material
and cascade impactors were used to determine the particle size
distributions. Aerosol samples were analyzed for solvent yellow
(SY) by reverse-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography
(HPLC). Dye-containing aerosol concentrations ranged from 0.1 to
about 1.5 mg/m3 in the general vicinity of some of the workers.
Chemical analyses showed that 40 percent of the total airborne
particulate matter was SY dye. Impactor samples indicated that
50-70% of the aerosol was of a size that could be inhaled. Thus
the range of air concentrations for worker exposures to the SY
dye was <0.5 mg/cum. Inside protective acrylic curtains that are
used to reduce personnel exposures, the concentration was about
10 fold higher with a maximum of 32 mg/cum at a fill and press
station. Final rept. Sep 84-Nov 85, (NLM)
Exposure to rare earth dusts - Risk analysis
Peltier A
Cahiers de notes documentaires - S:ecuritne et hygiiene du
travail 1st Quarter 1986, No.122, Note No.1566-122-86, p.21-23.
17 ref.
Rare earth elements (or lanthanides) are 15 metallic elements
with similar chemical properties. Their properties are described,
as are their uses in industry (which are rapidly increasing) and
their toxicity. About 40 samples from the environment were
analysed in order to determine the cerium, neodymium, lanthanum
and samarium concentration in the air of selected workplaces. The
concentrations were highly variable (0.001 to 15mg/m:3:), and
difficult to evaluate because of the lack of reference exposure
limits.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7439-91-0; 7440-45-1, 7440-00-8, 7440-19-9
(NLM)
72
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
A generic probabilistic risk analysis for a high-level waste
repository.
Cohen BL
Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Health Phys; VOL 51, ISS 4, 1986, P519-28
A generic probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) is developed for
high-level radioactive waste buried in a repository. The basic
assumption is that an atom of buried waste has the same
probability of escape as an atom of average rock at the same
depth. Corrections are applied for variation of ground-water flow
with depth, and for the fraction of ingested material derived
from rock versus from soil. The final result is that we may
eventually expect 0.012 deaths/GWe-yr. It is shown that this
analysis is a PRA, and that the basic assumption is a
conservative one—more likely to overestimate than to
underestimate the hazard. This health impact is compared with
those from other wastes generated in producing electricity.
(NLM)
**Hazardous Waste Tanks Risk Analysis.
Anon
ICF, inc., Washington, DC.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
NTIS/PB86-212289, 324p
Contract EPA-68-01-6621
TD3: The purpose of the analysis was to assess the human health
risks associated with: (1) the population of hazardous waste
tanks under the current regulatory approach; and (2) the
population of hazardous waste tanks under the various regulatory
strategies considered in the analysis included interim status and
permitted hazardous waste tanks, 90-day accumulation tanks, and
small quantity generator interim status, permitted or 180-day
accumulation tanks. The regulatory alternatives examined in the
analysis included no revisions, full secondary containment,
partial secondary containment and ground water monitoring, leak
testing and ground water monitoring, and corrosion protection.
Analysis of these regulatory alternatives allows for direct
comparisons between risks presented by hazardous waste tanks
under alternative regulatory scenarios. Draft rept. Supersedes
PB86-192937. Prepared in cooperation with Pope-Reid Associates,
Inc., St. Paul, MN. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste. (NLM)
73
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ECOLOGICAL RISKS
ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL
PUBLICATION 854. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT SEVENTH
SYMPOSIUM MILWAUKEE WISCONSIN USA APRIL 17-19 1983
CARDWELL, R. D., R. PURDY AND R. C. BAHNER (ED.). ASTM (AMERICAN
SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS) SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION,
854. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM,
MILWAUKEE, WISC., USA, APR. 17-19, 1983. X+587P. AMERICAN SOCIETY
FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS: PHILADELPHIA, PA., USA. ILLUS. ISBN
0-8031-0410-3.; 0 (0). 1985 (RECD. 1986). X+587P.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK MEETING BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
BIOASSAY BIOMONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL FATE BIOACCUMULATION
BIOAVAILABILITY SEDIMENT WATER POLLUTION WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
USA (NLM)
ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL
PUBLICATION 891. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT EIGHT
SYMPOSIUM FORT MITCHELL KENTUCKY USA APRIL 15-17 1984
BAHNER, R. C. AND D. J. HANSEN (ED.). ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR
TESTING AND MATERIALS) SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION, 891.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT; EIGHT SYMPOSIUM, FORT
MITCHELL, KY., USA, APR. 15-17, 1984. X+480P. AMERICAN SOCIETY
FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS: PHILADELPHIA, PA., USA. ILLUS. ISBN
0-8031-0437-5.; 0 (0). 1985 (RECD. 1986). X+480P.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK MEETING WATER POLLUTION
(NLM)
**Assessing chemical hazards
Kenaga EE
Environ. Sci. Technol.; VOL 20, ISS 7, 1986,660-2
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Review toxic chem hazard
assessment;Chemicals Environmental pollution by, assessment of
Toxic;Environmental pollution By toxic chems., assessment
of;Water pollution By toxic chems., assessment of (NLM)
**Assessment of the safety of dioctyl adipate in freshwater
env i ronment s
Felder JD, Adams WJ, Saeger VW
Monsanto Co., St. Louis
Environ. Toxicol. Chem.; VOL 5, ISS 8, 1986,777-84
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS The safety of dioctyl adipate (DOA)
[103-23-1] in freshwater environments was studied. DOA is
relatively insol. in water and is likely to partition to sediment
and biota in the aquatic environment. Biodegrdn. was rapid and
extensive under conditions simulating sewage systems and the
natural environment. Measured environmental concns. of DOA
averaged <0.5 mug/L in natural surface waters. DOA was not
75
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acutely toxic to algae and fish at or above its water soly. of
0.78 mg/L. It was acutely and chronically toxic to Daphnia magna
at 480-850 and 24-52 mug/L, resp. A bioconcn. study with
bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) showed that DOA is not an
accumulative or persistent chem. in this species. The mean
28-day bioconcn. factor was 27. A comparison of the mean
environmental water concns. of DOA with lab. chronic toxicity
values for D. magna showed a safety margin of .apprx.3 under
present use and disposal patterns, DOA presents a small hazard to
the freshwater aquatic environment.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 103-23-1 (NLM)
**ECOLOGY AND ESTUARINE IMPACT ASSESSMENT LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE
HUDSON RIVER USA AND OTHER ESTUARINE EXPERIENCES
LIMBURG KE, LEVIN SA, HARWELL CC
J ENVIRON MANAGE; 22 (3). 1986. 255-281.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FIELD EXPERIMENTS MICROCOSM MESOCOSM
MATHEMATICAL MODEL HISTORY (NLM)
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept:
application to bivalve shellfish purification systems.
West PA
J R Soc Health; VOL 106, ISS 4, 1986, P133-40
Keywords: Animal, England, Food Poisoning *PREVENTION & CONTROL,
Gastroenteritis *PREVENTION & CONTROL, Hepatitis *PREVENTION &
CONTROL, Human, Shellfish *STANDARDS, Wales (NLM)
**Margins of uncertainty in ecotoxicological hazard assessment
Slooff W, Van Oers JA M, De Zwart D
Natl. Inst. Public Health Environ. Hyg., Bilthoven
Environ. Toxicol. Chem.; VOL 5, ISS 9, 1986,841-52
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Margins of uncertainty in predicting
toxicity from 1 species to another, from acute to chronic
exposures and from single species to higher levels of biol.
organization were detd. by regression and correlation analyses.
Based on the acute sensitivities of 35 aquatic species to 15
compds., no species was found to be particularly sensitive to all
chems. and the 95% uncertainty factor (UF) ranged from 3 to 1985.
Analyses of acute and chronic sensitivities for the same species
to 164 chems. resulted in the acute/chronic relationship log NOEC
= -1.28 + 0.95 log L(E)C50 (r = 0.89) and the UF of 25.6 (where
NOEC is the no obsd. effect concn.). The comparison of the lowest
acute arid corresponding ecosystem effect levels for 34 chems.
indicated the relationship log NOEC(ecosystems) = -0.55 + 0.81
log L(E)C50 (r = 0.77) and the UF of 85.7. As to the
predictability of ecosystem effect levels from chronic single
species data, the following relation was found: log
NOEC (ecosystems) =-- 0.63 + 0.85 log NOEC (r = 0.85), with a UF of
33.5. These data indicate that acute testing is not pointless;
it offers a statistical base for the use of acute toxicity
information in the hazard assessment of chems. in the aquatic
76
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environment.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 50-00-0; 50-29-3; 56-38-2; 60-57-1; 72-43-5;
79-01-6; 84-74-2; 86-50-0; 87-86-5; 88-06-2; 88-30-2; 92-52-4;
94-75-7; 95-76-1; 106-48-9; 115-28-6; 120-83-2; 127-18-4; 298-00-0;
330-54-1; 554-00-7; 1194-65-6; 1397-94-0; 1912-24-9; 2385-85-5;
2764-72-9; 7439-97-6; 7440-38-2; 7440-43-9; 7440-50-8; 7440-66-6;
7722-64-7; 7773-06-0; 7775-09-9; 8001-35-2; 11067-82-6; 35367-38-5;
52315-07-8 (NLM)
**PESTICIDES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
NIMMO DR
192ND AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, SEPT. 7-12, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 192 (0).
1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT WATER POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ANALYSIS (NLM)
**Population and Ecosystem Theory in Ecological Risk Assessment.
Barnthouse LW, O'Neill RV, Bartell SM, Suter GW
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86008992, 31p
CONF-860203-16, Contract AC05-840R21400
TD3: Assessments of ecological risks associated with toxic
contaminant releases necessarily involve extrapolation from
observed responses of simplified laboratory systems to predicted
responses of complex natural systems. In this paper we evaluate
the utility of population and ecosystem theory for making these
extrapolations, based on: (1) the success of the theory when
applied to other environmental assessment and resource management
problems, and (2) the degree of scientific consensus concerning
the appropriate approaches to modeling populations and
ecosystems. The applications we review include fisheries
management, water-quality assessment and management, and
power-plant-impact assessment. We conclude that neither
population nor ecosystem theory can now provide models that
accurately predict the long-term ecological consequences of toxic
contaminant releases. However, we show how short-term effects of
toxic contaminants on fish populations can be projected by use of
models employed in fisheries management. Further, we show how
ecosystem theory can, in spite of its relative immaturity, make
immediate contributions to understanding the qualitative
responses of complex ecological systems to toxic contaminants.
(ERA citation 11:028386) 19. midyear topical symposium on health
physics considerations in decontamination and decommissioning,
Knoxville, TN, USA, 2 Feb 1986. (NLM)
**A proposal for the reduction of animal numbers required for the
acute toxicity to fish test (LC50 determination).
DOUGLAS MT, CHANTER DO, PELL IB, BURNEY GM
Huntingdon Res. Cent, pic, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE18 6ES,
77
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UK.
AQUAT TOXICOL (AMST); 8 (4). 1986. 243-250.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) were exposed to 10 common industrial and agricultural
chemicals in a series of acute toxicity to provide data for the
evaluation of the test design currently employed in hazard
assessment for novel chemicals in the aquatic environment.
Analysis of these data revealed than the widely employed design
of 10 fish at each of 5 concentrations covering one order of
magnitude could be modified to one of 7 fish at each of 4
concentrations with minimal reduction in the precision of the
result (i.e., the LC50 value). The adoption of this modification
to test design, however, would result in a reduction of
approximately 40% of the number of experimental animals used in
bioassay programmes.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 27176-87-0; 1461-22-9; 573-58-0; 141-78-6;
121-75-5; 120-82-1; 87-86-5; 63-25-2; 62-53-3; 60-57-1 (NLM)
**Rapid Aquatic Toxicity Assay Using Incorporation of
Tritiated-Thymidine into Sea Urchin, 'Arbacia punctulata'.
Embryo: Evaluation of Toxicant Exposure Procedures,
Nacci DE, Jackim E,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, RI.
JRB Associates, Inc., Narragansett, RI. Marine Services Branch.
NTIS/PB86-184454, 15p
ERLN-632, EPA/600/D-86/077
TD3: Toxicity of substances in seawater was measured using growth
inhibition of embryonic sea urchins during a short period after
fertilization. Growth of Arbacia punctulata embryos was monitored
by incorporation of tritium-labeled thymidine. The paper presents
a comparison of toxicant exposure procedures using the Arbacia
embryo thymidine incorporation test. Toxicant exposure began
before, at the time of, or after fertilization and continued for
4 h following fertilization. In addition to the eight organic
chemicals tested for comparison to acute toxicity values for
other species, several chemicals with embryotoxic potentials
(tumor promoters and teratogens) were tested to determine
differential sensitivities of exposed life-stages: unfertilized
egg, fertilization, and early embryo. EC50 values for any one
substance were not significantly changed by exposure
modification. Toxicity values for exposures that included
fertilization as well as early embryo growth were at least as
sensitive as post-fertilization exposure values for all compounds
tested except one. Because of technical ease and potential
sensitivity, toxicant exposure that includes fertilization as
well as early embryo growth (but not unfertilized egg exposure)
is recommended for future testing. Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology
and Hazard Assessment: Eighth Symposium, ASTM STP 891, p382-394
1985. Prepared in cooperation with JRB Associates, Inc.,
Narragansett, RI. Marine Services Branch. (NLM)
78
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**User»s Manual for Ecological Risk Assessment.
Barnthouse LW, Suter GW
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86010063, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 222p
ORNL-6251, Contract AC05-840R21400
TD3: This report presents the results of a four-year project on
environmental risk analysis of synfuels technologies. The overall
objective was to develop a risk assessment methodology capable
of: (1) ranking the waste streams in a process by risk to the
environment; (2) estimating the change in environmental risk that
would be achieved using alternative control technology options;
(3) estimating the sensitivity of risk estimates to
site-dependent variables; and (4) identifying research problems
contributing the greatest uncertainty to risk estimates. An
initial suite of five potentially useful techniques was applied
in a preliminary risk analysis of indirect coal liquefaction
technologies. As a result of this application, it was determined
that two of the original five techniques were unsuitable for
synfuels risk assessments. The remaining three were developed
further and applied in a unit-release risk assessment, a revised
indirect liquefaction risk assessment, a direct liquefaction risk
assessment, and an oil shale risk assessment. This users' manual
is intended to facilitate wider use of ecological risk analysis
techniques by: (1) presenting the rationale for the approach
developed in this project; (2) describing the derivation and
mechanics of the three techniques used in the synfuels risk
assessments; and (3) discussing the limitations and other
potential applications of ecological risk assessment methods.
(ERA citation 11:031413) (NLM)
79
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CORPORATE RISK ASSESSMENT
Chemical process hazard review
Hoffmann JM, Maser DC
American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth St., NW, Washington, DC
20036, USA, 1985. 121p. Illus. Bibl.
Based on a symposium at St. Louis, Missouri (USA), 8-13 April
1984, this book provides a comprehensive discussion of potential
hazards of new and existing chemical processes. It is intended
for process developers and safety personnel. Contents: chemical
process hazard review; process hazard review in a chemical
research environment; hazard evaluation in process development;
risk assessment techniques for experimentalists; hazard and
operability study, a flexible technique for process system safety
and reliability analysis; hazard avoidance in the processing of
Pharmaceuticals; thermochemical hazard evaluation; thermal
runaway reactions - hazard evaluation; the thermochemical and
hazard data of chemicals - estimation using the ASTM CHETAH
prgramme; kinetic and reactor modeling - hazard evaluation and
scale-up of a complex reaction; the nitration of
5-chloro-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole - risk assessment before pilot
plant scale-up. (NLM)
**Environmental risk assessment of industrial facilities:
techniques, regulatory initiatives and insurance.
Murphy, MJ
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P185-96
CODEN: UJO
Most companies that manufacture, handle or dispose of chemicals
or petroleum products have the potential to cause environmental
impairment, especially by longterm or gradual release of
materials into the environment. This impairment creates potential
liabilities that result from numerous regulations as well as from
common law. One way to identify these potential environmental
liabilities and exposures is through environmental risk
assessment. The primary focus of an environmental risk assessment
is to evaluate the potential for off-site gradual impairment
arising from a company's operations. Such an assessment reviews
the status of the firm's environmental risk exposure and is a
useful internal tool for corporate planning. There are three
major objectives in performing an environmental risk assessment:
risk identification, risk evaluation and risk reduction. To
identify risk, numerous criteria are used to determine the
individual factors contributing to the potential for off-site
exposure. The interaction of these individual risk factors is
then used to evaluate the overall potential for gradual
environmental impairment. After the risks have been evaluated,
recommendations are made to reduce the potential exposures. In
addition, implementation of risk reduction strategies accomplish
the objective of legislative initiatives for protecting human
81
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health and the environment. Environmental risk management can and
should be encouraged through legislative initiatives. (NLM)
**The industrial role in risk assessment.
Sci Total Environ; Vol. 51m 1986, P75-80
Moolenarr RJ
Industry has a major role in the assessment and management of
risk to society from its operations. Much of the basic knowledge
of manufacturing operations, product distribution, use and
ultimate disposal of products and byproducts resides in industry.
Basic data on the health and environmental effects of materials
in commerce has been generated by industry. This information must
be utilized in the evaluation of risk so that appropriate
management decisions can be made. Experience gained in the
industrial sector with risk assessment and management should be
of value to government in its oversight role on behalf of
society. There is growing realization in both industry and
government of the need for more effective communication of risk
to the general public in the context of management decisions.
(NLM)
82
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POLICY
**Governmental factors in establishment of risk assessment
procedures in the United States.
Robinson WJ
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P69-73
Those political and governmental factors that affect the
establishment of risk assessment policies will be identified in
terms of their overall impact upon regulatory behavior. Within
this description, relevant accounts will be given of actual
legislative and political initiatives and actions put forth by
concerned industrial, environmental and governmental groups
during recent consideration by the U.S. Congress of proposals to
establish a central science panel. These accounts will illuminate
some of the critical events and deficiencies in industry, science
and governmental decision-makers experience in establishing
comprehensive, sound risk assessment policies. Lastly, a modestly
optimistic scenario is presented in which impending public health
issues posed by advances in biotechnology and other developments
may give rise to politically acceptable and improved risk
assessment and risk management functions. (NLM)
RISK ASSESSMENT AND REGULATORY DECISION MAKING
MUNRO 1C , KREWSKI DR
FOOD COSMET. TOXICOL. 1981, 19() 549-560
Keywords: UNITED STATES , REVIEW, RISK, DECISION MAKING ,
CARCINOGENS, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL, MODELS, THEORETICAL
THEORETICAL, DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG (NLM)
RISK ASSESSMENT POLICY IN THE USA
FLAMM WG
OFTEDAL, P. AND A. BROGGER (ED.).
PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 208.
RISK AND REASON: RISK ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL
MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS; SATELLITE SYMPOSIUM TO THE FOURTH
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS, OSLO, NORWAY,
JUNE 21-22, 1985. XV+189P.
ALAN R. LISS, INC.: NEW YORK, N.Y., USA. ILLUS.
ISBN 0-8451-5058-8.; 0 (0). 1986. 141-150.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HUMAN MUTAGENS CARCINOGENESIS
TOXICOLOGY (NLM)
The role of risk assessment in food safety policy.
Scheuplein RJ
Basic Life Sci; VOL 38, 1986, P563-71
Carcinogens *, Food Coloring Agents, Food *STANDARDS, Human
Legislation *, Quality Control, Risk, United States Food and Drug
Administration *, United States (NLM)
83
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SCIENCE POLICY, ETHICS, AND ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY.
Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S.
Hingham, Ma, Kluwer Academic, 1985
336 p.
84
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LEGAL ASPECTS
**ABA standing committee symposium, dealing with risk: the courts
the agencies and Congress.
Environmental Lav Reporter 16:10187-10229 Ag '86
American Bar Association conference report, with panel discussions.
Environmental risk assessment. (PAIS)
85
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER SOURCES .... this section highlights a
variety of documents, including bibliographies, serial
publications, directories, special subject collections, indexes,
etc. These sources lead to information and data on specific
chemicals and chemical groups as well as on many of the intricate
components of risk assessment including exposure, fate, toxicity,
chemical safety and handling, physical and chemical properties,
standards and regulations, manufacturing and use, etc.
CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT: A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE
KREWSKI D, BROWN C
BIOMETRICS 1981, 37(2) 353-366
Keywords: TEA, ANIMAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, NEOPLASMS,
REVIEW,RISK,TIME FACTORS,STATISTICS,BIOLOGICAL
ASSAY, CARCINOGENS (NLM)
**National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Identified in Human
Biological Media, 1984. Volume 7, Part 1.
Cone MV. Ferguson M, Powers CD, Hammons AS
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Public
Information and Presentations.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86004687, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 624p
EPA-560/5-84-003-V.7-Pt.l, Contract AC05-810R20837
TD3: The database provides a central source of systematically
collected and organized body-burden data that facilitates the
early identification of actual or potential human exposure to
environmental contaminants and the assessment of the significance
of such exposure. Data included are obtained through routine
manual searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the separately
published files, Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
and Chemicals Identified in Feral and Food Animals, contains
information on more than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in
exposure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential human
and environmental health problems including sources of
contamination; planning research and comparing results; and in
teaching at medical and public health schools. The database is
under the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and
is maintained by the Health and Environmental Information
Section, Science Applications International Corporation under the
direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division, US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Funding is provided through interagency
agreements involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028338) (NLM)
87
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**A COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT
DUNNETTE DA
192ND AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, SEPT. 7-12, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 192 (0).
1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT POLLUTION (NLM)
**National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Identified in Feral and
Food Animals, 1984. Volume 4, Part 2.
Cone MV, Ferguson M, Powers CD, Hanunons AS
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Public
Information and Presentations.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86004684, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 623p
EPA-560/5-84-004-V.4-Pt.2, Contract AC05-810R20837
TD3: The database provides a central source of systematically
collected and organized body-burden data that facilitates the
early identification of actual or potential human exposure to
environmental contaminants and the assessment of the significance
of such exposure. Data included are obtained through routine
manual searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the separately
published files, Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
and Chemicals Identified in Feral and Food Animals, contains
information on more than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in
exposure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential human
and environmental health problems including sources of
contamination; planning research and comparing results; and in
teaching at medical and public health schools. The database is
under the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI),
and is maintained by the Health and Environmental Information
Section, Science Applications International Corporation under the
direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division, US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Funding is provided through interagency
agreements involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028342) (NLM)
**National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Identified in Human
Biological Media, 1984. Volume 7, Part 2.
Cone MV, Ferguson M, Powers CD, Hammons AS
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Public
Information and Presentations.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86004688, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 420p
EPA-560/5-84-003-V.7-Pt.2, Contract AC05-81OR20837
TD3: The database provides a central source of systematically
88
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collected and organized body-burden data that facilitates the
early identification of actual or potential human exposure to
environmental contaminants and the assessment of the significance
of such exposure. Data included are obtained through routine
manual searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the separately
published files, Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
and Chemicals Identified in Feral and Food Animals, contains
information on more than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in
exposure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential human
and environmental health problems including sources of
contamination; planning research and comparing results; and in
teaching at medical and public health schools. The database is
under the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and
is maintained by the Health and Environmental Information
Section, Science Applications International Corporation under the
direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division, US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Funding is provided through interagency
agreements involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028341) (NLM)
**National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Identified in Human
Biological Media, 1984. Volume 7, Part 3.
Cone MV, Ferguson M, Powers CD, Hammons AS
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Public
Information and Presentations.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86004686, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 517p
EPA-560/5-84-003-V.7-Pt.3, Contract AC05-810R20837
TD3: The database provides a central source of systematically
collected and organized body-burden data that facilitates the
early identification of actual or potential human exposure to
environmental contaminants and the assessment of the significance
of such exposure. Data included are obtained through routine
manual searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the separately
published files, Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
and Chemicals Identified in Feral and Food Animals, contains
information on more than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in
exposure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential human
and environmental health problems including sources of
contamination; planning research and comparing results; and in
teaching at medical and public health schools. The database is
under the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and
is maintained by the Health and Environmental Information
Section, Science Applications International Corporation under the
direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division, US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Funding is provided through interagency
agreements involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028340) (NLM)
89
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**National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals Identified in Feral and
Food Animals, 1984. Volume 4, Part 1.
Cone MV, Ferguson M, Powers CD, Hammons AS
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Public
Information and Presentations.
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
NTIS/DE86004685, Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is
exhausted., 551p
EPA-560/5-84-004-V.4-Pt.l, Contract AC05-81OR20837
TD3: The database provides a central source of systematically
collected and organized body-burden data that facilitates the
early identification of actual or potential human exposure to
environmental contaminants and the assessment of the significance
of such exposure. Data included are obtained through routine
manual searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the separately
published files, Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media
and Chemicals Identified in Feral and Food Animals, contains
information on more than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in
exposure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential human
and environmental health problems including sources of
contamination; planning research and comparing results; and in
teaching at medical and public health schools. The database is
under the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI),
and is maintained by the Health and Environmental Information
Section, Science Applications International Corporation under the
direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division, US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Funding is provided through interagency
agreements involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA Citation 11:028339) (NLM)
RISK ASSESSMENT: SUBJECT LISTING
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY UNIT, FOOD AND DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE COVERAGE LISTING, UNPUBLISHED 1982, 1 P.
Keywords: OCCURRENCE, BIBLIOGRAPHY, DOCUMENTATION, INDEXES, RISK
(NLM)
90
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RISK
MANAGEMENT
.... DESCRIBES REGULATORY DECISION-MAKING
PROCESSES TO CONTROL AND MANAGE RISK
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE 93
POLICY 99
LEGAL ASPECTS *
HEALTH RISKS 101
CHEMICAL SPECIFIC RISK MANAGEMENT *
HAZARDOUS WASTE *
RADIATION *
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 103
CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT 105
BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER SOURCES 107
91
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RISK MANAGEMENT
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE includes decision-making, acceptable
risk, risk-taking (psychology), multi-media approach, cross-media
approach, applications, uncertainty, risk/benefit.
**Analysis of the decision making process in chemical safety.
Stern RM
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P27-62
Risk management, for the control of toxic chemicals in
particular, and risky human activity in general, begins with the
perception of risk and the identification of hazards. The
machinery of quantification and evaluation of risk proceeds in a
climate of risk perception, and is affected by the state of such
perception among all participants in the process. The management
of risk, either through legislation or corporate decision making,
although ideally objective, is frequently governed by subjective
considerations, especially when those individuals or bodies
responsible for management decisions develop a 'local' perception
of risk. The details of decision making and the sensitivity of
the process to various sources of information is reviewed with
emphasis on the control of toxic chemicals. (NLM)
BENEFIT/RISK: WHOSE? WHAT? HOW MUCH?
OSER BL
FOOD TECHNOL. 1978, 32() 55-58 (NLM)
Risk Management
Wideman, R. Max
Project Mgmt Jrnl v!7n4 PP: 20-26 Sep 1986
Risk management is the formal process by which risk
factors systematically are identified, assessed, and provided
for throughout the life of a project and in the best interests
of its objectives. Project risk, in the context of project
management, is the chance of certain occurrences affecting project
goals adversely, the degree of exposure to negative events, and
their probable consequences. Project risk is characterized by
these risk factors: 1. the risk event, 2. the risk probability,
and 3. the amount at stake. A diagram of the risk management
breakdown structure is provided that follows the typical order
of the Project Management Institute's Body of Knowledge management
functions. Risk may be: 1. ignored by default, 2. recognized with
no action taken due to policy, or 3. reduced, transferred or shared
as part of response planning. Response planning may include
defensive actions, such as: 1. mitigation by risk avoidance,
2. deflection with an insurance or contractual plan, and 3. the
management of budgeted contingency allowances for uncertainties.
Tables. Charts. References. (ABI)
93
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**The chemical risk management process in Italy. A case study: the
Seveso accident.
Pocchiari F, Silano V, Zapponi G
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P227-35
This paper describes, by means of a unique case study, i.e. the
ICMESA accident at Seveso, the process of chemical risk
management in Italy under emergency conditions which involved
more than 200,000 people and about 1800 ha of a densely populated
area. The paper also deals with the aims, the results, and the
organizational aspects of the medium- and long-term activities
that were carried out to rehabilitate the affected ecological and
social systems. Problems of co-ordination at different levels
(national, regional, provincial and local), as well as of
interaction of decision-makers with scientific and technical
experts and local staff responsible for action, have also been
addressed.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 1746-01-6 (NLM)
**Hazards: Technology and Fairness.
Anon
National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC.
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New York.
NTIS/PB86-200151, 123p
ISBN-0-309-03644-5
TD3: The papers in the volume define some important issues in
hazard management that are emerging during our national
reexamination of environmental policies. Authors have identified
three principal themes that resonate throughout current public
debate about technological hazards. Part 1 addresses the question
of how to regulate hazards—those arising from chronic, low-level
exposures and from high-consequence hazards. Part 2 presents
articles in hazards equity, compensation, hazardous waste
facility siting and hazard compensation. Part 3 presents a set of
practical lessons and cautions about managing hazardous
technologies. Series on technology and social priorities.
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-2412. Proceedings of a
symposium held June 3-4, 1985. Sponsored by Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation, New York. (NLM)
Heinrich Revisited
Zeller, Dudley B.
Professional Safety v30nlO pp: 40-42 Oct 1986
The industrial safety movement in England began in the early
1800s in response to the recognition that the toll of killed
and injured employees and their dependents was draining society
at large. As a result, laws began to slowly emerge. In 1927,
H. W. Heinrich of The Travelers Insurance Co. began the first
large-scale scientific study of industrial accidents. In so
doing, he established 3 basic principles of ''scientific
accident prevention'': 1. the creation and maintenance of an
active interest in safety, 2. fact finding, and 3. corrective
94
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action based on the facts. Heinrich's contribution was to raise
the status of industrial safety to a logical science in which the
causes of past accidents could be deduced and those findings used
inductively to prevent future accidents. Today, industrial
safety is shifting to the concept of risk management, a business
discipline designed to prevent, reduce, or protect a company
from any source of loss. Risk management is based primarily on
financial concerns and is anticipatory in nature. References.
(ABI)
**Risk management in chemical safety: some general observations
relating to the state of the art.
Rice AP
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, Pl-17
Risk management for chemical safety begins with judgement and
produces arbitrary regulations. In between, technical risk
assessment has value in clarifying the behaviour of particular
chemical risk systems. Risk quantification can be useful in some
cases and quite misleading in others. In no case can it alone be
the decisive factor. In the public's perception, chemicals are
feared most for potential insidious exposure in the general
environment. Risk management then must deal with high system
uncertainty and information heavily influenced by value
judgements. The technical contribution to risk assessment is
reduced, in real terms, as the decision-making scenario expands
with its increasing exposure to system 'noise', interference and
misinformation. Improved communication in the system requires the
use of simplified language. The suitability of risk estimation
methodologies must be assessed in terms of general
comprehensibility in the management for chemical safety will
remain, perhaps always, more of an art than a science, concerned
with an interplay of information that can be 'rationalised' with
other information that defies such rationalisation. (NLM)
**RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY UNDER THE TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL
ACT AND THE FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE
ACT.
TODHUNTER JA
REGUL. TOXICOL. PHARMACOL. 1983, 3() 163-171
*86-064138
**REGULATING INDUSTRIAL RISKS,
MAINI J. S. ; PELTU M. ; OTWAY H.
IIASA, AUSTRIA,
IIASA REPORT 8, NOV 85 (20)
ASSN REPORT AN APPROPRIATE BALANCE IS NEEDED BETWEEN
INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS BASED ON TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND THE
POTENTIAL RISK FROM THESE NEW DEVELOPMENTS TO HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL WELL-BEING. EFFECTIVE REGULATIONS MUST BE
APPROPRIATE TO NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CULTURES. IMPORTANT
STAGES OF THE REGULATORY PROCESS ARE IDENTIFIED AS STANDARDS
SETTING, MONITORING, ENFORCEMENT, AND EVALUATION. GUIDELINES FOR
95
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DECISION MAKERS AND FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RISK
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ARE INCLUDED. (ENVL)
Risk management and regulatory decisions on pesticides
Moore, J.A.
Sixth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry 8630083
Ottawa (Canada) 10-15 Aug 1986
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
Blackwell Scientific Publications, Osney Mead,
Oxford OX2 OEL (UK),
Paper No. 8S-04
Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING; ANIMAL AND
PLANT SCIENCE (CPI)
**Societal considerations in implementing risk management
decisions: towards improving the process.
Todhunter JA
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P63-8
The risk management process can be seen as a public health
activity which requires the expenditure of both public and
private resources. As such, an effective risk management system
must actually produce gains in public health to justify its cost.
Similarly, the system should not force risk managers into
decisions which are counterproductive. This requires that risk
management take into consideration a variety of societal and
technical factors. Among these are the actual nature of the risk
involved and the risk trade-offs inherent in a management
decision; the benefits associated with the risk generating
activity; the practicality of various control options; and the
nature of the various parties interested in the control decision.
The degree of flexibility with which risk managers have to
consider the various factors above depends on the risk management
style under which they are constrained to operate. This is
usually determined by the governing statutes or policies of the
relevant regulatory agencies. These risk management styles run
the gamut from zero risk approaches to risk/risk and risk/benefit
balancing. Assuming that the risk manager has sufficient
flexibility to produce cost effective decisions, the risk
management process must still be sufficiently defined,
procedurally and technically, to be accessible to interested
parties. It also needs to effectively distinguish between risks
which can be calculated or postulated and those which can have a
practical outcome. (NLM)
**Summary and analysis. (Standing Committee Symposium on
Risk Management)
Wilson, Richard
Environmental Law Reporter 16 10226-10229 Aug 1986
JURISDICTION: United States
Keywords: Environmental protection—conferences and
congresses; Risk-benefit assessment—conferences and
congresses; Administrative agencies—environmental policy;
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Risk management—conferences and congresses (LRI)
Updating the ABCs of Risk Management
Head, George L.
Risk Mgmt v33nlO PP: 50-56 Oct 1986
Risk management is the application of structured common sense to
loss exposures. Risk management is also a decision process for
selecting and putting into practice those risk management
techniques that are most cost-effective for a particular
organization. The risk management decision process involves:
1. identifying and analyzing loss exposures and the likelihood
of the occurrence of accidents, 2. examining the feasibility of
alternative risk management techniques, such as exposure avoidance
and loss reduction, 3. selecting the best risk control techniques,
based on selected criteria, 4. implementing the chosen methods,
and 5. monitoring and improving the program. The management
of risk is the responsibility of every manager within every
organization because the activities that every manager directs
create loss exposures. Charts. (ABI)
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POLICY includes federal, state and local policy, science,
public and regulatory policy.
RIMS Asia/Pacific Conference: Risk Management May Get U.N. Boost
Katz, David M.
National Underwriter (Property/Casualty) v90n44 PP: 3,30
Oct 31, 1986
According to the draft of a study requested by the United Nations
(UN), top executives of Third World operations must seek to
control losses as vigorously as they pursue profits if risk
management is to play a major role in curbing the effects of
disasters such as that suffered by Bhopal, India. The study,
discussed by Georgia State insurance professor Harold D. Skipper,
Jr., at the Risk and Insurance Management Society's first
Asia/Pacific Conference, indicates further that multinationals
doing business in developing countries should make it a matter
of policy to disclose real or potential dangers in the
processing of hazardous chemicals. The study also calls for the
participation of local governments, local and international
insurers, reinsurers, intermediaries, associations, and educators in
promoting the notion of risk management in the Third World.
Governments, for example, should enact tax policies favorable to
risk management. Insurers are urged to give greater credit for
deductibles and to improve their risk-management-related services.
(ABI)
**Nitrates in ground and drinking water: analysis of policies and
regulations.
Conrad J
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P209-25
On the societal level, risks are the result of collective
processes of definition. Accepted risks are mainly the output and
secondarily the (scientific) input of these processes. As a
consequence, in this paper the question of risk management of the
nitrate burden to ground and drinking water is analysed within
the framework of comparative policy analysis. Various actors
pursue their respective interests in different policy arenas
within the given rules of the policy game. The impacts of the
policy outputs on the policy addressees, namely farmers and water
companies, (substantially) determine the level of actual risk.
Different national regulatory styles and traditions towards
nitrate regulation shape the policy outputs. Consequently, the
assumption or normative postulate of a 'rational' (scientific)
risk assessment and risk management appears to be utterly heroic
and, in the end, misleading. (NLM)
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HEALTH RISKS includes occupational and non-occupational
management of risks, radiation, risk/benefit, margin of safety,
cancer, genetics and public health.
**Non-occupational exposure to asbestos in buildings: a practical
risk management program
Paull JM, Corn M, Lee PS J, Breysse PN
Sen. Hyg. Public Health, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.; VOL 47, ISS 8, 1986,497-504
CBAC COPYRIGHT: CHEM ABS Asbestos exposure risk management
program,-Air pollution By asbestos fiber, risk management program
in relation to Indoor,'Asbestos Air pollution by, indoor,
exposure risk management program in relation to (NLM)
**Priority setting for industrial chemicals of health and
environmental relevance.
MUECKE W:, SCHULZE H.
Bavarian State Ministry Regional Development and Environment
Protection, Rosenkavalierplatz 2, D-8000 Muenchen 81, FR Germany.
CHEMOSPHERE; 15 (6). 1986. 771-780.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Decision-making for the reduction
of health and far-reaching ecological hazards caused by
environmental chemicals must be based on a scientifically founded
risk assessment. An Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of
Environmental Relevance found an approach for dealing with
industrial chemicals which are already on the market. Selection
was carried out on the basis of criteria applied first as an
aggregate and then individually in combination. (NLM)
**Risk management in chemical safety.
Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany, 8-10 November 1984.
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, Pl-263
Keywords: Environmental Exposure, Human, Poisoning *PREVENTION &
CONTROL, Risk (NLM)
ROLE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ASSESSMENT OF RISK AND IN ATTEMPTS
TO DEFINE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.
WINBUSH JS:, FLAMM WG,
FUNDAM. APPL. TOXICOL. 1984, 4(3, PT. 2) S395-S401 (NLM)
**Reproductive Health Hazards in the Workplace.
Volume 1. Selected Ethical Issues in the Management of
Reproductive Health Hazards in the Workplace
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC.
Jan 86 117p
See also Volume 2, PB86-172160.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB86-172145.
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PB86-172152/XAB
Volume I: Selected ethical issues in the management of
reproductive health hazards in the workplace; The moral issues;
Ethical issues in risk assessment and the 'right to know';
The policy options before Congress; Ethical issues in discrimination
and job termination; Ethical analysis of legislative option:
Compensation for reproductive damage resulting from the workpleice;
Ethics, risk assessment and reproductive hazards. (NTIS)
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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .... includes cost/benefit, cost/effectiveness.
**Dioxin risk management at Times Beach, Missouri (USA): An
evaluation.
MCKONE TE
Univ. Calif., L-453, P.O. Box 5507, Livermore, Calif. 94550.
ENVIRON PROF; 8 (1). 1986. 13-24.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The dioxin contamination problem at
Times Beach, Missouri, is evaluated in order to determine the
implicit cost-benefit ratio employed and to compare this to
cost-benefit ratios used for radioactive contamination. An
overview on risk analysis is provided in order to lay the
analytical framework for later discussions. The events that took
place at Times Beach are reviewed with emphasis on those aspects
that came under the category of "risk management." The historical
data is used to carry out a risk assessment, based on the
information that was likely to be available when the incidents at
Times Beach were in the EPA decision arena. Information derived
from this assessment is used to assess the cost-benefit raito
which was implicit in the decision to buy out the community. This
cost-benefit ratio is compared to that in use by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission for dealing with radioactive contamination
in the nuclear fuel cycle. Consideration is given to those
factors that contribute to the difference between this ratio for
dioxin and that used for radionuclides. Particular attention is
given to the role of uncertainty.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 828-00-2 (NLM)
**Economic aspects of risk assessment in chemical safety.
Drummond MF, Shannon HS
Sci Total Environ; VOL 51, 1986, P81-124
This paper considers how the economic aspects of risk assessment
in chemical safety can be strengthened. Its main focus is on how
economic appraisal techniques, such as cost-benefit and
cost-effectiveness analysis, can be adapted to the requirements
of the risk-assessment process. Following a discussion of the
main methodological issues raised by the use of economic
appraisal, illustrated by examples from the health and safety
field, a number of practical issues are discussed. These include
the consideration of the distribution of costs, effects and
benefits, taking account of uncertainty, risk probabilities and
public perception, making the appraisal techniques useful to the
early stages of the risk-assessment process and structuring the
appraisal to permit continuous feedback to the participants in
the risk-assessment process. It is concluded that while the way
of thinking embodied in economic appraisal is highly relevant to
the consideration of choices in chemical safety, the application
of these principles in formal analysis of risk reduction
procedures presents a more mixed picture. The main suggestions
for improvement in the analyses performed are the undertaking of
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sensitivity analyses of study results to changes in the key
assumptions, the presentation of the distribution of costs and
benefits by viewpoint, the comparison of health and safety
measures in terms of their incremental cost per life-year (or
quality-adjusted life-year) gained and the more frequent
retrospective review and revision of the economic analysis that
are undertaken. (NLM)
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CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT
The Environmental Elephant
Tiller, Michael H.
Risk Mgmt v33nll PP: 48-53 Nov 1986
Recent US regulations require active environmental monitoring
from companies. Risk managers can help provide solutions to
environmental liability problems. Various options are available
to companies to pay for the cost of such monitoring/environmental
exploration, including: 1. obtaining coverage under old liability
insurance policies, 2. third-party contributors, 3. potential
purchasers, 4. superfunds, or 5. exchange of the value of the
recovered product. Environmental monitoring should produce a
representative picture of conditions under a plant. Time-sensitive
issues involved in environmental explorations are: 1. Boreholes
need to be properly sealed prior to commencement of drilling.
2. Excavations should be performed during the driest season
of the year. 3. Delays in obtaining permits and entry into
noncompany property should be anticipated. 4. Fresh soil and water
samples will be required by regulators. (ABI)
Environmental Risk Management
Kane, Raymond W.; Morrel, Mark H.
Secured Lender v42n5 pp: 23-32 Sep/Oct 1986
All properties represent a potential environment risk to
lenders. Present case law affecting lenders in instances
of environmental contamination primarily relates to clean-up
responsibilities. There is potential that lenders also may be
exposed to personal injury and property damage litigation and awards
where title to a business or property has been taken. Sometimes in
a contamination, the clean-up and liability costs may exceed the
value of the property. Costs of the clean-up depend on: 1. the
nature of the contamination, 2. the extent of the contamination, and
3. the regulatory requirements imposed by the state involved. There
are a number of actions lenders can take to identify and
eliminate or reduce the liability. Environment audits and risk
assessments also are useful in identifying and minimizing liabilities.
For example, lenders can require environmental impairment liability
insurance. Government agencies and courts are likely to
continue to look to the available "deep pocket" to cover the
financial responsibility for cleaning up environmental
contamination. Tables. Charts. References. (ABI)
Thoughts for small and medium sized businesses on risk
management of toxic materials spills.
Godfrey, Thomas W.; Stevens, Charles P.
Insurance Counsel Journal 53 382-388 July 1986
JURISDICTION: United States
Keywords: Liability for hazardous substances pollution damages--law
and legislation; Risk management—technique (LRI)
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER SOURCES this section highlights a
variety of documents, including bibliographies, guides,
handbooks, and other general reference works which describe
management tools useful in environmental risk management.
Mhos's who in risk management, 1986.
Wolff, Donald E., ed.
1986 224p
ORDER INFO: Underwriter Printing and Pub Co
$50 plus $3 postage and handling
Keywords: *Directories-- Risk management; *Directories--
United States (PAIS)
**Dynamic Programming. 1976-April 1986
(Citations from the Management Contents Database)
(Rept. for 1976-Apr 86)
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Apr 86 113p
PB86-862562/XAB
Supersedes PB84-863638.
This bibliography contains citations concerning dynamic
programming models and their many applications to risk management,
game theory, and problem solving-decision analysis. Mathematical
programming techniques are discussed relative to the varying
degrees of their usage in different segments of American business,
Examples of this modern management tool in all facets of corporate
business are provided. (This updated bibliography contains 191
citations, 16 of which are new entries to the previous
edition.) (NTIS)
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Risk
COMMUNICATION
.... THE PROCESS OF EDUCATING AND INFORMING AN
AUDIENCE TO MAKE BETTER PERSONAL AND SOCIETAL
DECISIONS REGARDING RISK.
INFORMING THE DECISION-MAKER *
INFORMING THE PUBLIC 111
INFORMING THE WORKER 115
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COMMUNICATION
INFORMING THE PUBLIC
**COMPLIANCE WITH STATE AND FEDERAL RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAWS WHAT ARE WE
ALL FACING
LEONARD DL
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT OSHA LAWS (NLM)
**HAZARD COMMUNICATION THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA AND EFFECTS OF
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW
ADKINS JM
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT (NLM)
**AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO HAZARD COMMUNICATION COMPLIANCE
THOMANN WR, FEILD RA
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAWS
HAZARDOUS WASTE MICROCOMPUTERS DATA-BASE MANAGEMENT (NLM)
**Armageddon in North Carolina
Reid, Dee
Technology Review v89n6 PP: 48-49 Aug/Sep 1986
The North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Project
(NCOSH) was working toward the enactment of ''right-to-know''
ordinances at the local and state levels shortly before an
accidental gas explosion at Armageddon Recycling Co. (Durham,
North Carolina) forced residents to be evacuated. If a right-to-
know ordinance had existed at the time of the leak, the city
would have been better able to handle the situation. The
coalition, now known as the Durham Toxics Coalition,
continued to work on the right-to-know ordinance. A month
after the final public hearing concerning the drafted ordinance,
the city council received statements for the Chamber of Commerce
and the city's largest manufacturing employer. Several concerns
were addressed, including the revelation of trade secrets and the
fear that new businesses would choose to locate in areas
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that had no local right-to-know regulations. Compromises were
made and the ordinance was passed. Since that time, a state law
has been passed, preempting everything Durham had done. However,
the work done on the local ordinance has had a lasting effect at
both the state and local levels. (ABI)
**Labeling in hazard communication
Hall, S.K.
189th ACS National Meeting 8520050 Miami, FL (USA)
28 Apr-3 May 85
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Abstracts available. Contact the American Chemical Society,
Distribution, Room 210, 1155 16th Street, N.W.,
Washington, DC 20036, USA
Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (CPI)
**Looking behind the factory gates: right-to-know laws
requiring businesses to divulge information about chemicals
they use may help improve public health.
Chess, Caron.
Tech R 89:42-7+ Ag/S '86, il
Evolution and implementation of laws in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Massachusetts.
Keywords: *Industrial toxicology; *Freedom of information—
Legislation; *Hazardous materials— Regulation; *Public
health— United States; *Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; *New
Jersey; *Massachusetts (PAIS)
New Superfund Act widens lawyers' role
Roberts, Charley
Los Angeles Daily Journal v99 p5 Oct 21 1986
EDITION: Tue
JURISDICTION: United States
Keywords: Superfund—law and legislation; Hazardous waste
management industry—law and legislation; Right to know
(Hazardous substances)--law and legislation (LRI)
*86-063765
*PESTICIDE RESISTANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY,
DOVER MICHAEL J. ; CROFT BRIAN A.
(OREGON STATE UNIV),
BIOSCIENCE, FEB 86, V36, N2, P78(8)
JOURNAL ARTICLE TO PROTECT CROPS, LIVESTOCK, AND PUBLIC HEALTH
FROM THE DAMAGE WROUGHT BY RESISTANT PESTS, RESEARCHERS ARE
NOW DEVELOPING RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT. THE LATTER SEEKS TO PREVENT,
DELAY, OR REVERSE THE EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES
BY A VARIETY OF CHEMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL TACTICS. A REVIEW FOCUSES
ON HOW RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT RELATES TO THE RESEARCH, REGULATORY,
EDUCATIONAL, AND MARKETING INSTITUTIONS THAT ESTABLISH AND IMPLEMENT
THE COMPLEX POLICIES GOVERNING PESTICIDE USE. IMPORTANT COMPONENTS
OF A RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ARE IDENTIFIED AS RESISTANCE
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MONITORING, RESISTANCE RISK ASSESSMENT, FEDERAL PESTICIDE
REGULATION, AND EDUCATION AND EXTENSION. (ENVL)
Reducing the risk of chemical accidents: the post-Bhopal era.
Montgomery, Christian
Environmental Lav Reporter 16 10300-10305 Oct 1986
JURISDICTION: United States
Keywords: Chemical industries—safety measures; Industrial
safety—Law and legislation; Right to know (Hazardous
substances)—law and legislation (LRI)
**PANEL DISCUSSION ON HAZARD COMMUNICATION TRAINING AND
IMPLEMENTATION
MECK L, MARSICK D
192ND AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, SEPT. 7-12, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 192 (0).
1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN WORKER OSHA
(NLM)
The right to know: does OSHA's toxic hazard communication
rule preempt state statutes requiring public disclosure of
workplace toxics?
March, Charles W.
University of Detroit Law Review 62 463-497 Spr 1985
JURISDICTION: United States; states
Keywords: Right to know (Hazardous substances)—law
and legislation; Exclusive and concurrent legislative
powers—law and legislation (LRI)
Tennessee's Hazardous Chemical Right to Know Law.
Fisher, Bruce D.; Massingale, Cheryl S.
Tennessee Bar Journal 22 25(5) May-June 1986
CODEN: TBJOD2
JURISDICTION: Tennessee
Tennessee Hazardous Chemicals Right to Know Act
Keywords: Hazardous substances—Law and legislation;
Chemicals—Safety measures (LRI)
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INFORMING THE WORKER
**BUSINESS RESPONSE TO RIGHT-TO-KNOW TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
MUSSELMAN VC, HARRIS LR
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY (NLM)
**ETHICAL CODE FOR AN EVOLVING PROFESSION
BENASHSKI R, BERG SF
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
CHEMICAL HAZARD COMMUNICATION (NLM)
**Notifying workers at risk: the politics of tlie right-to-know.
Bayer R
Hastings Center, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706.
Am J Public Health; VOL 76, ISS 11, 1986, P1352-6
Keywords: Consumer Advocacy *LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDEN,
Environmental Exposure *, Government Agencies, Human, Public
Health *, Risk Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, United States (NLM)
Hazard communication and right-to-know: passion, progress,
practice.
Solomon CJ
AAOHN J; VOL 34, ISS 6, 1986, P264-8
Keywords: Communication *, Environmental Exposure *,
Environmental Pollutants *, Human Rights *, Human, Occupational
Diseases CHEMICALLY INDUCED/PREVENTION & CONTROL, Occupational
Health Nursing, United States (NLM)
Hazard communication. Workers' right to know—nurses' need to
know.
Babbitz MA
AAOHN J; VOL 34, ISS 6, 1986, P261-3
Environmental Pollutants *, Human, Legislation *, Occupational
Diseases CHEMICALLY INDUCED/*PREVENTION & CONTROL, Occupational
Health Nursing, Societies, Nursing, United States Occupational
Safety and Health Administration, United States (NLM)
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INFORMATION TRANSFER BEYOND THE HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD
ASHFORD NA
71ST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL
ASSOCIATION, DENVER, COLO., USA, APR. 27-MAY 2, 1986.
J OCCUP MED; 28 (4). 1986. 310.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN OSHA
RIGHT-TO-KNOW MEDICAL ACCESS RULE TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
EPA (NLM)
Medical surveillance: biological, social, and ethical parameters.
Samuels SW
AFL-CIO Industrial Union Department, Washington, DC 20006.
J Occup Med; VOL 28, ISS 8, 1986, P572-?
The need for a graded response to environmental risks, including
the need to extend medical surveillance, for which screening is
one tool, to populations at high risk of occupationally
attributable disease is discussed from ethical, social, and
biological perspectives. Ethical judgments need to be understood
in terms of their derivation and implications in the form of
rights or criteria for moral management of such populations.
These rights must be exercised in an appropriate social context
enabling the right-to-know and notification. Discussion of the
biological perspective heuristically is conducted in terms of
"population thinking.: Critical methodologic problems emanate
from this approach that impact on deterministic orientations in
the interpretation of individual surveillance data. Nelson's
concept of "added burden of risk: is seen as a valid postulate
for management of populations at risk. (NLM)
**SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR HAZARD
COMMUNICATION
MARSICK DJ
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT OSHA (NLM)
**SELECTED AUDIO-VISUAL PROGRAMS FOR CHEMICAL SAFETY AND INDUSTRIAL
HYGIENE
URIARTE RJ
192ND AMERICAN CHEMICAL, SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, SEPT. 7-12, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 192 (0).
1986. NO PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN STUDENT
RIGHT-TO-KNOW (NLM)
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**TRAINING TO COMPLY WITH THE HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD
LAY CR
191ST AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, NEW YORK, N.Y.,
USA, APR. 13-18, 1986.
ABSTR PAP AM CHEM SOC; 191 (0). 1986. NO
PAGINATION.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT (NLM)
UNDERSTANDING OSHA'S HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD
FLYNN LT
DRUG COSMET IMP; 139 (1). 1986. 32, 35, 71-72.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (NLM)
The Workers' Right to Know, Participate and Refuse Hazardous
Work: A Manifesto Right
Sass, Robert
Jrnl of Business Ethics (Netherlands) v5n2 PP: 129-136 Apr 1986
The importance of health and safety on the job brings out arguments
for increased worker rights in regard to the chemicals with which
they work, to participate in work environment rules, and the
right to refuse a job believed to be dangerous. Considering these
issues leads to the argument of extending worker rights to include
dealing with work organization matters and job design. Present
conceptions, which have evolved from feudalism to capitalism, place
most rights in the domain of the employer. However, the work
agreement should be, in essence, a voluntary agreement. Critics of
this view believe that it is necessary to sacrifice equity to
preserve efficiency. Yet, in instances of worker participation,
studies find that productivity increases with such participation.
In regard to health and safety, meaningful participation and
greater control have positive effects on worker health and safety.
The often-held management view that accidents result from worker
carelessness endures because it is tactically advantageous, not
because of any empirical foundations. References. (ABI)
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