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HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION
DATABASE
THESAURUS
ifp^
INFORMATION SERVICES BRANCH
OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
December 1987
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
INTRODUCTION iii
HIERARCHICAL DISPLAY 1
Overview of the Major
Subject Headings 3
Guide to the Format 5
ALPHABETICAL DISPLAY 21
Guide to the Format 23
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Hazardous Waste Collection Database Thesaurus has been
produced to provide an index to terminology dealing with hazardous
waste and to facilitate the use of the Hazardous Waste Collection
Database.
We sincerely want to thank the following individuals for their
contributions to this project:
Monique Currie, Headquarters Library staff, for
her dedication in the design and creation of the
Thesaurus;
Beth Ann Kyle, Headquarters Library staff, for
her imaginative ideas in formatting and editing
the document; and
Jean Davis, Information Services Branch, for her
persistence in the production of the document.
Loretta A. Marzetti
Chief, Information Services Branch
Office of Information Resources Management
Barbara Roth
Information Services Branch
Office of Information Resources Management
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INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Hazardous Waste
Collection is a collection of EPA reports, policy, and guidance
directives from the EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER), commercial books, legislation, regulations, and reports from
selected Government Agencies, such as the General Accounting Office,
concerning the subject of hazardous waste.
Each item in the Collection corresponds to a record in the
Hazardous Waste Collection Database. This Thesaurus lists some 300
subject terms used to classify the documents in the Collection. It is
hoped that by using this Thesaurus of controlled terms, the searcher of
the database will formulate more effective searches and retrieve more
pertinent records.
The Thesaurus is divided into two parts: the Hierarchical and the
Alphabetical Display. The Hierarchical Display is used to familiarize
oneself with the terms within broad subject areas. If one is looking
for a particular, specific term, it is much quicker to consult the
Alphabetical Display. The Hierarchical Display consists of groupings,
by subject, of terms that are listed alphabetically in the Alphabetical
Display. It starts with very broad terms such as "Superfund" or
"Control Methods" and displays their narrower terms.
The Alphabetical Display lists the terms alphabetically and in
many cases provides for an accompanying definition. Also, beneath each
listed term is found other terms and their relationship to the listed
term: "broader", "narrower", or "related".
The terms and their accompanying definitions have not been subject
to peer review. This Thesaurus is meant as an aid to individuals
searching only the Hazardous Waste Collection Database. These terms
and their definitions in no way reflect the official views or policy of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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HIERARCHICAL DISPLAY
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OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR SUBJECT HEADINGS
Listed below are the nine major subject areas and their
respective second tier terms. Each of the 300 keywords in the
Alphabetical Display falls within one of these nine major subject
headings: Assessment, Legal Aspects, Emergency Preparedness,
Control Methods, Superfund, Management, Government, Hazardous
Substances, and Waste Types. A more detailed breakdown follows
the Overview.
ASSESSMENT
Analysis
Ecological Risk
Economic Assessment
Generators
Human Health Risk
Methodology
Monitoring
LEGAL ASPECTS
Enforcement
Legislation
Liability
Regulations
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Community Awareness
Emergency Response
CONTROL METHODS
Alternative Technologies
Conventional Treatment
Equipment
In-situ
Ocean Dumping
Waste Minimization
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SUPERFUND
CERCLIS
Cleanup
Mixed Funding
National Contingency Planning
National Priorities List
Record of Decision (ROD)
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
MANAGEMENT
Contracts
Information Sources
Policy
Training
GOVERNMENT
International
Local
State
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Carcinogens
Inorganic Chemicals
Mutagens
Organic Chemicals
Pesticides
WASTE TYPES
Emissions
Infectious Wastes
Leachates
Liquid Wastes
Solid Wastes
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GUIDE TO THE FORMAT
Shown below is a sample entry from the Hierarchical Display.
! ->CONTROL METHODS
2 >ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BDAT)
Biological Treatment
Aeration
Aerated Lagoons
Aerobic Biodegradation
Anaerobic Biodegradation
Stabilizing Ponds
Trickling Filters
Chemical Treatment
Chlorinolysis
Dechlorination
Hydrolysis
Neutralization
Precipitation
Reduction/Oxidation
Ozonation
UV/Ozonation
(1) Main Heading - This represents the broadest level of terms.
While these terms can be used as keywords, they are usually
too general. There are nine main headings in this thesaurus.
(2) Second Tier Term - From this point on, the further indented a
term is, the more specific the term. Each term encompasses
every term that lies to the right of it in the hierarchy.
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ASSESSMENT
ANALYSIS
Corrosivity
EP Toxicity
Gas Chromatography
Ignitability
Incompatability
Reactivity
ECOLOGICAL RISK
Contamination
EIS
Indian Lands
Natural Resources
Environmental Media
Air
Soil
Aquifer
Water
Drinking Water
Groundwater
Oceans
Surface Water
Restoration
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Audits
Costs
Economic Impact
Fee Systems
Taxes
-7-
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ASSESSMENT
GENERATORS
Energy
Geothermal
Radioactivity
Utilities
Federal Facilities
Industry
Batteries
Construction
Detergents
Electroplating
Mining
Transformers
Municipalities
Households
Sewage
Sites
Abandoned Sites
Off^site
On-site
Uncontrolled Sites
Small Quantity Generators
HUMAN HEALTH RISK
Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
Worker Protection
MONITORING
Inspection
Migration
Sensing Techniques
Bioassay
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ASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGY
Data
Design
Models
Quality Assurance
Sampling
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LEGAL ASPECTS
ENFORCEMENT
Consent Decree
lljegal Actions
Litigation
Civil Judicial Action
Criminal Judicial Action
Mediation
Negotiations
Settlements
De Mini mis
LEGISLATION
CERCLA
Post-Closure Liability Fund
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
311(K) Fund
Funds
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
Section 3008(h)
OSHA
RCRA
Interim Prohibition
Subtitle C
Subtitle D
Subtitle I
LUST Trust Fund
SARA
Right-to-Know
TSCA
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LEGAL ASPECTS
LIABILITY
Claims
Cost Recovery
Indemnification
Insurance
Private Insurance
Non-binding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility
(NBAR)
Penalties
Potentiajly Responsible Parties (PRP)
Responsible Parties
REGULATIONS
Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL)
California List
Compliance
Exemptions
Facility Standards
Financial Responsibility Requirements
Hazardous Substance lists
Appendix VIII Constituents
Delisting
Interim Status
Location Standards
Loss of Interim Status
Minimum Technological Requirements
Non-compliance
Recordkeeping Requirements
Reporting Requirements
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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
COMMUNITY AWARENESS
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Notification
Confidentiality
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Emergency Response Plans
Environmental Response Team
Releases
Fires
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CONTROL METHODS
ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BDAT)
Biological Treatment
Aeration
Aerated Lagoons
Aerobic Biodegradation
Anaerobic Biodegradation
Stabilization Ponds
Trickling Filters
Chemical Treatment
Chlorinolysis
Dechlorination
Hydrolysis
Neutralization
Precipitation
Reduction/Oxidation
Ozonation
UV/Ozonation
Mobile Treatment
Physical Treatment
Activated Carbon Adsorption
Air Stripping
Distillation
Evaporation
Extraction
Soil Flushing/Soil Washing
Supercritical Extraction
Filtration
Belt Filter Press
Chamber Pressure Filters
Granular Media Filtration
Vacuum Filtration
Flocculation
Ion Exchange
Mechanical Aeration
Membrane Separation
Electrodialysis
Reverse Osmosis
Phase Separation
Centrification
Dissolved Air Flotation
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CONTROL METHODS
Physical Treatment, cont'd
Sedimentation
Slurry Trenching
Steam Stripping
Stabilization/Solidification
Cementing
Polymerization
Pozzolanic Process
Sorption
Surface Encapsulation
Thermal Treatment
Calcination
Incineration
Boilers
Circulation Bed Combustion
Fluidized Bed Incineration
CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT
Land Treatment
Landfills
Capping
Open Landfills
Liners
Storage
Containers
Drums
Corrosion
Storage Tanks
Underground Storage Tanks
Surface Impoi
Transportatioi
Surface Impoundments
lion
Manifest
Underground Injection
Capping
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CONTROL METHODS
EQUIPMENT
Repair
Retro-Fit
IN-SITU
OCEAN DUMPING
WASTE MINIMIZATION
Materials Recovery
Recycling
Source Reduction
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SUPERFUND
CERCLIS
CLEANUP
Remedial Actions
Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
Removal Actions
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
MIXED FUNDING
NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST
Mitre Model
RECORDS OF DECISION (ROD)
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION (SITE)
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MANAGEMENT
CONTRACTS
INFORMATION SOURCES
Bibliographies
Case Studies
Databases
Directories
Inventories
Technology Transfer Documents
POLICY
Directives
Guidance
Regions
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Region 5
Region 6
Region 7
Region 8
Region 9
Region 10
TRAINING
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GOVERNMENT
INTERNATIONAL
LOCAL
STATE
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
CARCINOGENS
Asbestos*
Dioxins*
Phenol
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
INORGANIC CHEMICALS
Acids*
Asbestos*
Metals
Solvents*
MUTAGENS
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
Acids*
Dioxins
Fuels
Oils
Solvents*
PESTICIDES
* These terms fall under numerous categories.
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WASTE TYPES
EMISSIONS
INFECTIOUS WASTES
LEACHATES
LIQUID WASTES
Slurry
SOLID WASTES
Dusts
Sludge
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ALPHABETICAL DISPLAY
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GUIDE TO THE FORMAT
Shown below is a sample entry from the Alphabetical Display.
1 > RGRiedJal Action - Those solutions, either proposed or
2 > actually undertaken, for the permanent cleanup at
a Superfund site. Use for Remedial Designs,
Remedial Response.
3 > BT _ Cleanup
4 > NT _ Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
5 _> RT _ Removal Action
Remedial Designs
6 -> use Remedial Action
(1) Keyword
(2) Definition
(3) BT - "Broader Term". Indicates that the keyword following
BT is the more general concept under which the
listed keyword would fall. The user might choose to
search using the broader keyword for a more
comprehensive search.
(4) NT - "Narrower Term". Indicates that the keyword following
NT is a more specific concept under the listed
keyword. The user may choose to search using the
narrower keyword for a more refined search.
(5) RT - "Related Term". The keyword following RT is a concept
closely related to the listed keyword other than the NT
or BT relationships. The searcher may wish to search
on the related keyword for a more comprehensive search.
(6) Use - Directs the user from a term not recognized as a
keyword to a used keyword. The searcher would never
search on the non-recognized term, rather he/she should
search on the synonym or newer keyword which follows
the phrase "use...".
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A List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Abandoned Sites - A hazardous site, facility or generator whose
use has been permanently discontinued or which is in a
state of disrepair such that it cannot be used for its
intended purpose.
BT - Sites
- Compounds, either organic or inorganic, that have certain
similar properties, one being a pH of less than 7.0.
BT - Inorganic Chemicals
BT Organic Chemicals
NT - Phenol
Activated Carbon AdSOrption - A physical treatment technology
whereby soluble substances are collected on the surface of
activated carbon by surface attraction phenomena.
BT - Physical Treatment
Activated Sludge
use Aerobic Biodegradation
Advanced EleCtriC ReaCtOr Type of pyrolysis. Uses radiation
instead of combustion, convection or conduction.
Destruction of hazardous waste achieved by pure heat in a
vessel and hydrogen. Use for High Temperature Fluid Wall.
BT - Pyrolysis
Aerated LagOOnS - Natural or artificial wastewater pond or basin
in which mechanical or diffused air is used to supplement
natural oxygen supply.
BT - Aeration
Aerated Ponds
use Aerated Lagoons
Aeration - Biological treatment where oxygen is circulated
through a substance such as wastewater.
BT Biological Treatment
NT - Aerated Lagoons
RT - Aerobic Biodegradation
RT - Anaerobic Biodegradation
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Aerobic BiodegradatJOn - Biological treatment where
microorganisms metabolize biodegradable organics in aqueous
waste in anoxygen environment. Includes activated sludge
process.
BT Biological Treatment
RT Anaerobic Biodegradation
RT Aeration
Air
BT Environmental Media
Air Stripping - System which provides for mass transfer of
volatile organic contaminants from a liquid phase to a gas
phase. A type of physical treatment.
BT Physical Treatment
Alternate Concentration Limits
use Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL)
Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL) - EPA regional
administrator can permit higher levels of hazardous
substances if it will not pose a present or potential threat
to human health or the environment.
BT Regulations
Alternative Technologies - Any unit operations and the related
equipment that permanently alters the composition of
hazardous waste through biological, physical, thermal,
chemical treatment or through a stabilization/solid-
ification process to significantly reduce the toxicity.
BT Control Methods
NT Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BDAT)
NT Biological Treatment
NT Chemical Treatment
NT Mobile Treatment
NT Physjcal Treatment
NT Solidification/Stabilization
NT Thermal Treatment
RT Conventional Treatment
RT Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
Programs (SITE)
RT Waste Minimization
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Anaerobic Biodegradatlon - Biological treatment where
microorganisms metabolize biodegradable organics in
aqueous waste in an oxygen deficient environment.
BT - Biological Treatment
RT - Aerobic Biodegradation
RT - Aeration
Analysis - The testing of substances to determine their chemical
composition or hazardous characteristics. Use for
testing.
BT Assessment
NT Corrosivity
NT - EP Toxicity
NT Gas Chromatography
NT Ignitability
NT - Incompatibility
NT Reactivity
RT - Methodology
RT Monitoring
Appendix VIII Constituents - AS listed in 40 CFR 201. These
chemicals when found present in a substance are criteria
used for placing it on one of the Hazardous Substance Lists.
Includes Principal Organic Constituents.
BT Hazardous Substance Lists
Aquifer - Underground bed or layer of earth, gravel, or porous
stone containing water.
BT - Soil
- Fibrous magnesium silicate. Highly carcinogenic.
BT Inorganic Chemicals
BT - Carcinogens
- The quantative and qualitative study of hazardous
waste and its sources. May include its effects on the
environment, including the human population.
NT Analysis
NT Ecological Risk
NT - Economic Assessment
NT Generators
NT Human Health Risk
NT - Methodplogy
NT - Monitoring
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Audits
BT - Economic Assessment
Available Technologies
use Alternative Technologies
B List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Batteries
BT - Industry
Belt Filter PreSS - Filtration process where a press continuously
squeezes sludge through a series of rollers which apply
increasing pressure and shear force on the sludge.
BT - Filtration
Best Demonstrated Available Treatment (BDAT) - Ranking of
hazardous waste alternative technologies for each specific
waste. Ranking is based on factors such as availability and
performance.
BT - Alternative Technologies
Bibliographies
BT Information Sources
- Use of living organisms to measure the effect of a
substance on the environment.
BT - Sensing Techniques
Biological Treatment - Alternative technology proces whereby the
organic components of hazardous waste are biologically
decomposed or altered under controlled conditions to a state
which is either non-toxic or less toxic than its
pretreatment state. Includes composting.
BT - Alternative Technologies
NT - Aeration
NT - Aerobic Biodegredation
NT Anaerobic Biodegradation
NT Stabilization Ponds
NT - Trickling Filters
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Boilers - Vessels where hazardous waste is used as supplementary
fuel to coal or oil.
BT - Incineration
Burial
use Landfills
Burning
use Incineration
C List
use Technology Transfer Documents
Calcination - Process of heating waste material to high
temperatures without fusing. Often used with high-level
radioactive waste.
BT - Thermal Treatment
California List - List of liquid hazardous wastes containing
certain metals, cyanides, PCBs, corrosives, etc. List
subsequently incorporated into the provisions of the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments.
BT - Regulations
Capping - The covering of a landfill, injection well, etc., after
operations have ceased.
BT - Landfills
BT - Underground Injection
Carcinogens - Chemicals which cause cancer. Includes polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
BT - Hazardous Substances
NT - Asbestos
NT - Dioxins
NT - Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
NT - Phenol
Case Studies
BT - Information Sources
Cement Kiln Dust
use Pozzolanic Process
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C9 men ting - Wastes are stirred with the water and mixed directly
with cement. Suspended particles are incorporated into
hardened concrete.
BT ~ Stabilization/Solidification
Centrification - Components of the hazardous waste are separated
mechanically by the application of centrifugal force to
a rapidly rotating mixture in a confined vessel.
BT - Phase Separation
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act.
BT - Legislation
RT Post-Closure Liability Fund
RT - Non-binding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility
(NBAR)
RT SARA
RT Superfund
RT CERCLIS
CERCLIS - Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation and
Liability Information System. EPA database which tracks
Superfund cleanup actions.
BT - Superfund
RT CERCLA
RT - Databases
Chamber PreSSUre Filters - Filtration technique where a group of
cloth covered plates compresses the waste with the filtrate
exiting through the cloth.
BT - Filtration
Chemical Treatment - Alternative technology processes and related
equipment which alter the chemical structure of the
hazardous constituents so that the resulting material is
less hazardous than the original waste.
BT - Alternative Technologies
NT - Chlorinolysis
NT Dechlorination
NT - Hydrolysis
NT - Neutralization
NT - Precipitation
NT - Reduction/Oxidation
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ChlorinolySIS - Chemical treatment process where excess chlorine
is added to waste at high temperatures rendering it less
hazardous.
8T - Chemical Treatment
RT - Dechlorination
Circulating Bed Combustion - variation of riuidi/cd bed
technology which does not employ a fixed bed depth.
BT - Incineration
RT - Fluidized Bed Incineration
Civil Judicial Action - Legal action brought about by the EPA to
enforce or protect the private rights of citizens concerning
the environment. In general, all types of legal action
other than criminal proceedings.
BT - Litigation
RT - Criminal Judicial Action
Claims
BT - Liability
Clean Air Act
BT - Legislation
Clean Water Act
BT Legislation
NT 311(K) Fund
Cleanup - Process of restoring a hazardous waste site under the
Superfund program.
BT - Superfund
NT - Remedial Actions
NT - Removal Actions
NT Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
RT - Restoration
Commercial
use Industry
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Community AwareneSS - The disclosure of the dangers of hazardous
chemicals to workers and community at large; also the
participation of community groups in the preparation of
emergency plans.
BT - Emergency Preparedness
NT Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
NT - Notification
NT - Right-to-Know
Compliance
BT - Regulations
RT - Non-compliance
Composting
use Biological Treatment
Confidentiality - Withholding of precise chemical information
considered proprietary by chemcial companies.
BT - Notification
Consent Decree - Agreement by defendant to cease activities
asserted as illegal by EPA. Upon approval of agreement by
the court, the EPA action against the defendant is dropped.
BT - Enforcement
Construction - Erection of both residential and nonresidential
buildings. Source of hazardous waste.
BT - Industry
Containers - Any package, can, barrel, or containing device other
than tanks or drums, used to enclose a hazardous waste.
BT - Storage
NT - Drums
NT - Corrosion
NT - Storage Tanks
Contamination
BT - Ecological Risk
Contingency Plan
use National Contingency Plan
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Contracts - Agreements in which one party performs a service in
exchange for financial renumeration or a return service.
BT - Management
Control Methods - Means by which the toxicity of hazardous waste
is lessened or its impact minimized through either
containment and storage (Conventional Treatment),
treated (see Alternative Technologies) or minimized at
the source of generation (Waste Minimization).
NT - Alternative Technologies
NT - Conventional Treatment
NT - Equipment
NT - In-situ
NT - Ocean Dumping
NT - Waste Minimization
Conventional Treatment - Removal or containment of hazardous
waste to regulated land treatment sites. Waste is neither
treated nor destroyed. Continued maintenance is required to
monitor potential contamination of surrounding environment.
Solution is not permanent.
BT - Control Methods
NT - Land Treatment
NT Landfills
NT - Liners
NT - Storage
NT - Surface Impoundments
NT - Transportation
NT Underground Injection
RT Alternative Technologies
RT - Waste Minimization
Corrective Actions
use Removal Actions or Remedial Actions
Corrosion - The gradual wearing away of storage tanks. Can lead
to leakage and contamination.
BT - Containers
BT - Drums
BT - Storage Tanks
- Characteristic of a hazardous waste whereby it
dissolves metals or burns the skin.
BT - Analysis
RT - EP Toxjcity
RT - Ignitability
RT - Reactivity
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COSt Recovery - Process by which EPA documents and attempts to
recover maximum practical amount of money due from
responsible parties for Superfund financed cleanups.
BT - Liability
RT - Responsible Parties
RT Settlements
Costs
BT - Economic Assessment
RT Mixed Funding
Criminal Judicial Action - Legal action brought by EPA against
those parties charged with violating criminal laws.
BT Litigation
RT Civil Judicial Action
Data
BT Methodology
RT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
Data Quality Objectives (DQO) - Quantitative and qualitative
statements outlining the decisionmaking process and data
required to support EPA remedial actions decisions.
BT Remedial Actions
RT - Methodology
RT Data
Databases
BT Information Sources
RT CERCLIS
- Type of settlement where parties that contribute very
small amounts of hazardous wastes to a site will settle with
the HPA for small or "de minimis" amounts.
BT Settlements
- Chemical treatment process where chlorine is
chemically removed from chlorinated organic compounds such
as PCBs and dioxins.
BT Chemical Treatment
RT Chlorinolysis
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- Process of excluding a waste from regulation as
hazardous.
BT - Hazardous Substance Lists
RT Exemptions
Design
BT - Methodology
Detergents
BT - Industry
DiOXJnS - Family of compounds with common triple ring structure
of two benzene rings interconnected with a pair of oxygen
atoms.
BT - Organic Chemicals
BT - Carcinogens
Directives - Special series of policy and guidance documents
which provide interpretation, suggestions, or
recommendations consistent with legislation. Guidance
materials do not supercede legislation.
BT - Policy
Directories
BT - Information Sources
Disposal
use Conventional Treatment
Dissolved Air Flotation - A physical treatment technique whereby
air is dissolved under high pressure. As the pressure is
dropped, waste accumulates at the air-water surface and the
waste is skimmed off.
BT - Phase Separation
Distillation - A physical treatment technique that separates
components of a liquid mixture by partially vaporizing the
mixture.
BT - Physical Treatment
Drinking Water
BT - Water
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Drums
BT - Containers
NT - Corrosion
Dumps
use Landfills or Ocean Dumping
Dusts
BT - Solid Wastes
Ecological Risk - Discussion of the risk or damage to organic
matter (plant and animal life) as well as inorganic matter
(air, water, soil, etc.).
BT - Assessment
NT Contamination
NT EIS
NT - Indian Lands
NT - Natural Resources
NT - Restoration
Economic Assessment - Estimating the monetary value of a program,
procedure or event, and/or the monetary value of the effects
of such a procedure, program, or event.
BT - Assessment
NT Audits
NT - Costs
NT - Economic Impact
NT Fee Systems
NT - Taxes
Economic Impact - Includes the social and/or economic impact of a
particular decision or action.
BT - Economic Assessment
RT Liability
EIS - Environmental Impact Statement. Provides information
concerning the positive and negative effects on the
environment of major projects or legislative proposals.
BT Ecological Risk
- A physical treatment process whereby heat
energy is applied to a solution, slurry, or suspended solid
mixture to vaporize part of the mixture while concentrating
the semisolid components.
BT - Membrane Separation
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Electroplating - Production of a thin coat of metal on a surface.
Source of hazardous waste.
BT - Industry
Emergency Preparedness - Rignt-to-Know provision of Title 3 of
SARA mandates preparation of emergency measures for
hazardous spills.
NT - Community Awareness
NT - Emergency Response
RT - Right-to-Know
Emergency Response - Action(s) taken to contain the release of
hazardous substances in the environment.
BT - Emergency Preparedness
NT - Emergency Response Plans
NT - Environmental Response Team
NT - Releases
NT - Removal Actions
Emergency Response Plans - Those plans developed at State or
local level which detail procedures and responses to
hazardous spills and releases in local communities.
BT - Emergency Response
Emissions - Gaseous waste materials discharged into the
environment.
BT Waste Types
Energy
BT Generators
NT - Geothermal
NT Radioactivity
NT - Utilities
Enforcement - The means employed to force violators or potential
violators of the law to obey the laws or make restitution
for the transgression of those laws.
BT - Legal Aspects
NT - Consent Decree
NT - I Mega I Actions
NT Litigation
NT - Mediation
NT Negotiations
NT - Settlements
RT Section 3008(h)
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Environmental Media
BT Natural Resources
NT Air
NT Soil
NT - Water
Environmental Response Team - Group of hazardous waste experts
who provide multidisciplinary assistance to EPA's other
hazardous waste experts.
BT Emergency Response
EP TOXicity - Characteristic of a hazardous waste whereby an
extract of the waste contains high concentrations of heavy
metals or specific pesticides.
BT Analysis
RT Corrosivity
RT Iqnitability
RT Reactivity
Equipment
BT Control Methods
NT Repair
NT Reiro-fit
Evaporation - A physical treatment process whereby heat energy is
applied to a solution, slurry, or suspended solid mixture to
vaporize part of the mixture while concentrating the
semisolid components.
BT - Physical Treatment
Exemptions
BT Regulations
RT DeTisting
Extraction - Physical treatment process where dissolved or
absorbed substances are transferred from a liquid or solid
phase of a solvent.
BT Physical Treatment
NT Soil Washing/Soil Flushing
NT Supercritical Extraction
Facility Standards
BT Regulations
RT Location Standards
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Feasibility Study
use Remedial Investigation/ Feasibility Study
Federal Facilities - Federal buildings or programs which are a
source of hazardous waste.
BT - Generators
Fee Systems - Method for funding hazardous waste disposal where
"user' is assessed a fee for use of disposal program.
BT - Economic Assessment
Filtration - A physical treatment process where suspended solids
are removed from a fluid by passage through a porous
media with a force of gravity.
BT - Physical Treatment
NT - Granular Media Filtration
NT - Belt Filter Press
NT - Chamber Pressure Filters
NT - Vacuum Filtration
Financial Responsibility Requirements - owners and operators are
to prove adequate funding is available either through
insurance or trust funds for their closure or post-closure
plans.
BT - Regulations
FireS - The combustion of a release of hazardous materials.
BT - Releases
Fixation
use Stabilization/Solidification
FlOCCUlatJOn - Physical treatment process where small suspended
particles are transformed into larger more settled ones by
the addition of a chemical, typically alum, lime, or
polyelectrolytes.
BT - Physical Treatment
Bed Incinerator - Type of incineration. Using
refractory-lined vessels containing a bed of graded, inert
granular material.
BT - Incineration
RT - Circulating Bed Combustion
-39-
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Fly Ash
use Pozzolanic Process
Fuels - Includes motor fuels, gasoline, etc.
BT - Organic Chemicals
Funds - Sources of money for hazardous waste cleanup and control,
raised through taxes and authorized by legislation.
BT - Legislation
NT 3fi(K) Fund
NT LUST Trust Fund
NT - Post-Closure Liability Fund
RT - Superfund
RT Taxes
Garbage
use Municipalities
GaS ChrOmatOgraphy - Method for separating and anlyzing complex
mixtures of volatile organic and inorganic compounds.
BT - Analysis
Gasoline
use Fuels
Generators - Producers of hazardous waste. May be further
defined by industry, quantity, or source.
BT Assessment
NT Energy
NT Federal Facilities
NT Industry
NT - Municipalities
NT Sites
NT Small Quantity Generators
RT - Waste Types
Geo thermal
BT - Energy
-40-
-------
Government - Reserved for items of very general nature. Use
international, local, or State for issues addressed at such
levels; otherwise, items are assumed to address issues,
policies, programs, etc., at the national level.
NT - International
NT - Local
NT - State
RT - Legislation
RT - Regulations
Granular Media Filtration - Use of gravity to remove solids from
a fluid by passage of the fluid through a bed of granular
material. A physical treatment technique.
BT Filtration
- Fresh water below the earth's surface.
BT - Water
Guidance - Documents or portions of documents which provide
interpretation, suggestions, or recommendations consistent
with legislation. Guidance materials do not supercede
legislation.
BT - Policy
Hazard Ranking System
use Mitre Model
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) - Amendments
to RCRA. Use for RCRA Amendments.
BT - Legislation
BT RCRA
NT Section 3008(H)
HazardOUS Substance ListS Total of four lists of substances
which meet requirements as hazardous as defined by 40 CFR
sec. 261 subpart D. Use for Listed Hazardous Waste.
BT - Regulations
NT - Appendix VIII Constituents
NT - Delisting
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
use Superfund
-41-
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HazardOUS SubStanCeS - Substances which adversely affect the life
process.
NT - Carcinogens
NT - Inorganic Chemicals
NT - Mutagens
NT - Organic Chemicals
NT - Pesticides
RT Waste Types
Hazardous Waste Trust Fund
use Superfund
Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS) special type
of document prepared to support listings under RCRA and
provide health-related limits for emergency actions under
CERCLA.
RT Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
RT - Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
BT Human Health Risk
RT lexicological Profile
Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS) - special type
of document prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents under Section 3001 of RCRA and provide health-
related limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of
CERCLA.
RT - Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT - Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
BT Human Health Risk
RT lexicological Profile
Health Effects Assessment (HEAS) - special type of document which
summarizes and evaluates adverse health effects associated
with a particular chemical.
RT Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HELPS)
BT - Human Health Risk
RT lexicological Profile
Herbicides
use Pesticides
High Temperature Fluid Wall
use Advance Electric Reactor
-42-
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Households
BT - Municipalities
Human Health Risk - Includes health risks to individuals as well
as the public at large. For more general discussion of
environmental risks use ecological risk.
BT - Assessment
NT - Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDS)
NT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
NT Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
NT - lexicological Profile
NT - Worker Protection
Hydrolysis - Chemical treatment process in which compounds react
with water leading to the breakage of the chemical bonds.
Accelerates the degradation of a variety of organic
compounds.
BT - Chemical Treatment
Hyperfiltration
use Membrane Separation
- Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is
easily combustible or flammable.
BT - Analysjs
RT Corrosivity
RT - EP Tpxicity
RT - Reactivity
Illegal Actions
BT - Enforcement
Immobilization
use Stabilization/Solidification
ln~SJtU - Treatment of contaminated soils applied without the
excavation of the materials to be treated.
BT Control Methods
-43-
-------
Incineration - Controlled process that uses combustion to convert
a waste to a less bulky, less toxic material in an
oxygenated environment.
BT - Circulating Bed Combustion
BT - Thermal Treatment
NT - Boilers
NT - Fluidized Bed Incineration
NT - Industrial Kilns
NT Infrared Incineration
NT Liquid Injection Incineration
NT Microwave Discharge
NT Molten Salt Incineration
Incompatability
BT - Analysis
indemnification - Securing against loss or damage.
BT - Liability
Indian Lands
BT Ecological Risk
Industrial KilnS - Vessels constructed of steel casings and lined
with refractory brick in which hazardous waste is burned as
fuel. Includes cement, lime, aggregated, and clay kilns.
BT - Incineration
NT - Rotary Kilns
Industry - Private generators of hazardous waste. Use for
commercial.
BT - Generators
NT Batteries
NT Construction
NT Detergents
NT Electroplating
NT Mining
NT - Transformers
Infectious Wastes
BT - Waste Types
-44-
-------
Information Sources - Sources of information pertaining to
hazardous waste.
BT Management
NT - Bibliographies
NT - Case Studies
NT - Databases
NT Directories
NT - Inventories
NT - Technology Transfer Documents
Infrared Incineration - Process to destroy hazardous waste which
uses infrared energy as the auxilary heat source.
BT - Incineration
Injection Wells
use Underground Injection
Innovative Technologies
use Alternative Technologies
Inorganic Chemicals - Non-carbon chemical compounds.
BT Hazardous Substances
NT - Acids
NT - Asbestos
NT - Metals
NT - Solvents
RT - Organic Chemicals
Inspection
BT - Monitoring
Insurance
BT - Liability
NT - Private Insurance
Interim Prohibition - section 9oo3(g) of RCRA. Prohibits the
installation of underground storage tanks for storing
hazardous substances unless certain requirements are met.
BT RCRA
-45-
-------
interim StatUS - Status of hazardous waste disposal facility
until a permit to operate the facility under RCRA guidelines
is granted or denied.
BT Regulation
RT Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
RT Permits
RT RCRA
International - Includes items which discuss the United States
and other nations, or those which just discuss nations other
than the United States.
BT Government
Inventories - Lists of particular items.
BT Information Sources
Ion Exchange - A physical treatment technique where toxic ions in
a solution are exchanged for nontoxic ions to form a solid
resin.
BT Physical Treatment
Land Treatment - Mean waste management in which wastes are
deposited and worked into the soil where natural processes
degrade and demobilize the hazardous constituents within the
soil.
BT - Conventional Treatment
Landfills - Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed
in containers, or in bulk form, covered with soils and left
indefinitely.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Capping
NT Open Landfills
Lawsuits
use Litigation
- Materials that pollute water as it seeps through
solid waste.
BT - Waste Types
Leaching - Process by which hazardous chemicals are dissolved or
carried away by water or moved into a lower layer of soil.
BT - Migration
-46-
-------
Legal ASpeCtS - The legislation and resultant regulations, funds,
enforcement procedures, and liability.
NT - Enforcement
NT - Legislation
NT - Liability
NT Regulations
Legislation - Laws, amendments, and particular funds created by
the laws.
BT - Legal Aspects
NT CERCLA
NT - Clean Air Act
NT - Clean Water Act
NT - Funds
NT - Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
NT OSHA
NT RCRA
NT SARA
NT TSCA
RT - Government
Liability - Economic responsibility for costs involved in cleanup
of a site.
BT - Legal Aspects
NT - Claims
NT - Cost Recovery
NT - Indemnification
NT - Insurance
NT - Non-binding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility
(NBAR)
NT - Penalties
NT - Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
NT - Responsible Parties
RT Economic Impact
RT - Mixed Funding
Liners - Materials used to prevent the migration of hazardous
waste to the surrounding environment.
BT - Conventional Treatment
Liquid Injection Incineration Process which uses series of
atomizing devices to introduce finely divided droplets of
waste mixed with air into a refractory-lined combustion
chamber.
BT - Incineration
-47-
-------
Liquid Wastes
NT - Waste Types
NT - Slurry
Listed Hazardous Waste
use Hazardous Substance Lists
Litigation - Use for lawsuits.
BT Enforcement
NT - Civil Judicial Action
NT Criminal Judicial Action
- Includes Government agencies, programs, laws, etc., below
the State level such as municipal or county.
BT Government
Location Standards
BT Regulations
RT - Facility Standards
LOSS Of Interim StatUS (LOIS) The interim status of hazardous
waste facilities is automatically revoked if certain
requirements set forth by RCRA are not met.
BT Regulations
RT Interim Status
RT Permits
RT RCRA
LUST TrUSt Fund - Created by Subtitle I of the HSWA for Federal
response to the problem of leaking undergorund storage
tanks.
BT Funds
BT Subtitle I
Management - The supervision of programs, policies, regulations,
etc., and the tools used in such supervision.
NT Contracts
NT Information Sources
NT Policy
NT - Training
-48-
-------
Manifest - Invoice of cargo for a shipment of hazardous waste.
Regulations require every shipment of hazardous waste to
have a manifest with copies submitted to State and regional
offices.
BT Transportation
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) - Document(s) which delineate
physical properties, exposure limits, emergency procedures,
etc., for specific hazardous chemicals.
BT - Community Awareness
RT Training
Materials Recovery - Reclamation of useful constituent fractions
within a waste material or the removal of contaminants from
a waste source that allows it to be reused.
BT Waste Minimization
Mechanical Aeration - A physical treatment process where clean
air is put in contact with contaminated soil in order to
transfer the volatile organics from the soil to the air
stream. Subsequent treatment of the air stream must then be
applied.
BT - Physical Treatment
Mediation - The process of the settling of a dispute by a third
party.
BT - Enforcement
RT Negotiations
RT - Settlements
Membrane Separation - Separation of solutes or contaminants from
liquids through the use of semipermeable membranes. The
membranes selectively reject contaminants. Includes
ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration. A physical treatment
process.
BT - Physical Treatment
NT - Electrodialysis
NT - Reverse Osmosis
MetalS - Includes trace metals and heavy metals.
BT - Inorganic Chemicals
-49-
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Methodology - Procedures used, or the evaluation of procedures.
BT - Assessment
NT - Data
NT - Design
NT Models
NT - Quality Assurance
NT - Sampling
RT - Analysis
RT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
RT - Monitoring
Microwave Discharge - Process to destroy hazardous waste which
uses microwave discharge as the auxiliary heat source.
BT Incineration
Migration - Uncontrolled movement of hazardous waste through the
environment.
BT Monitoring
NT Leaching
Minimum Technological Requirements Minimum standards required
tor the operation of a hazardous waste facility as defined
by section 3004(o) of RCRA.
in - Regulations
RT RCRA
Mining
BT - Industry
Mitre Model - Developed by Mitre Corporation in 1981. Calculates
score for potential Superfund sites. Those with high enough
scores are placed on the National Priorities List.
in - Models
BT National Priorities List
Mixed Funding - Monies from both Superfund and the responsible
parties are used to pay for cleanup at Superfund sites.
BT - Superfund
RT Costs
RT Liability
-50-
-------
Mobile Treatment - Modular equipment and the corresponding
processes that can be brought to a hazardous waste site and
transported to a number of sites. Generally, the equipment
is smaller than conventional equipment used in permanent
structures.
BT - Alternative Technologies
Models
BT - Methodology
RT - Mitre Model
Molten Salt Incineration - Waste material is injected beneath a
bed of molten salt for incineration.
BT - Incineration
Monitoring - Periodic or continuous review of a program,
facility, or the environment.
BT - Assessment
NT - Inspection
NT - Migration
NT - Sensing Techniques
NT - Analysis
RT - Methodology
Municipalities
BT - Generators
NT - Households
NT - Sewage
Mutagens
BT - Hazardous Substances
National Contingency Plan - Establishes basic Government
procedures for coordinating State and Federal response at
Superfund sites. Use for National Oil and Hazardous
Substances Contingency Plan.
BT - Superfund
National Priorities List - List of the most hazardous sites under
the Superfund program.
BT - Superfund
NT - Mitre Model
-51-
-------
Natural Resources - Land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, and
other resources belonging to, managed by, or held in trust
by the United States.
BT - Ecological Risk
NT - Environmental Media
Negotiations - The submitting and consideration of offers until
an acceptable offer is made and accepted.
BT - Enforcement
RT Mediation
RT Settlements
Neutralization- Chemical treatment process in which the
interaction of an acid or base with another solution results
in solution or mixture with a ph of between 5 and 9.
BT Chemical Treatment
Non-Binding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility (NBAR)
Part of CERCLA legislation; allows EPA to allocate
percentage of total cost of response among potentially
responsible parties at the hazardous waste facility.
BT Liability
RT CERCLA
RT Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
RT Responsible Parties
Non-compliance
BT - Regulations
RT Compliance
Notification - As required by Right-to-Know Provision, Title 3 of
SARA, companies must alert residents of the release of a
hazardous substance.
BT - Community Awareness
NT - Confidentiality
Nuclear
use Radioactivity
Ocean Dumping - Disposal of hazardous waste at sea, subject to
the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act.
BT Control Methods
-52-
-------
Oceans
BT - Water
Off~Site - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous
waste other than at the site of its generation.
BT Sites
Oils - Nonspecific term applied to several groups of organic
mixtures. Includes petroleum oils and lubricants.
BT - Organic Compounds
On~SJte - Treatment, regulation, production, etc., of hazardous
waste on the property of the generator of the hazardous
waste.
BT - Sites
Open Landfills - Any facility or site where hazardous waste is
disposed of which is not a sanitary landfill meeting the
criteria promulgated under section 4004 of RCRA.
BT - Landfills
Organic Chemicals - Chemical compounds of carbon, excluding
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbolic acid, metallic
carbides, metallic carbonates, and ammonium carbonate.
Includes VOC, "volatile organic compounds."
BT - Hazardous Substances
NT - Acids
NT - Dioxins
NT - Fuels
NT - Oils
NT - Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
NT - Solvents
RT - Inorganic Chemicals
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Act
BT - Legislation
Oxidation
use Reduction/ Oxidation
- Chemical treatment process where the oxidation of the
compound is achieved with ozone as the oxidizing agent.
NT - Reduction/ Oxidation
NT - UV/Ozonation
-53-
-------
Pen3ltieS - Includes both civil and criminal penalties.
BT - Liability
Permits - Compliance of a hazardous waste facility with
requirements of RCRA.
BT - Regulations
RT - Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
RT - Interim Status
Pesticides - Chemical agents used to kill both plant and animal
life that interferes with agricultural productivity.
Includes herbicides.
BT Hazardous Substances
Phenol - Carbolic acid.
BT - Acids
BT - Carcinogens
Physical Treatment - Processes which separate the waste stream by
either applying physical forces or changing the physical
form of the waste. In either case, the chemical structure
of the waste stays the same.
BT - Alternative Technologies
NT - Activated Carbon Adsorption
NT - Air Stripping
NT - Distillation
NT - Evaporation
NT - Extraction
NT Filtration
NT - Flocculation
NT - Ion Exchange
NT - Mechanical Aeration
NT - Membrane Separation
NT - Phase Separation
NT - Sedimentation
NT - Slurry Trenching
NT Steam Stripping
Plasma ArC - Type of pyrolsis where hazardous waste is passed
through a plasma or electrical arc generated by electrodes.
The waste substances are reduced to elemental constituents.
BT - Pyrolysis
-54-
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Policy - The general principles by which the Government is guided
in its management of public affairs. May also include the
intended audience of the policy.
in - Management
NT Directives
NT - Guidance
NT - Regions
Pollution Fund
use 311(K) Fund
PolychlOrinated BiphenylS (PCB) - Any of several organic
compounds used in plastics manufacturing or transformers
that are toxic and persistent environmental pollutants.
BT - Carcinogens
BT - Organic Chemicals
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
use Carcinogens
Polymerization - Process which uses catalysts to convert a lower
order polymer of a particular compound to a larger order
chemical multiple with different properties for in-place
stabilization/solidification.
BT - Stabilization/Solidification
POSt-CIOSUre Liability Fund - Originally authorized by CERCLA to
pay cost of monitoring and maintenance of hazardous waste
site. Repealed by SARA.
BT CERCLA
BT Funds
BT SARA
Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP) Parties identified by EPA
which may be responsible for the hazardous waste at an
uncontrolled hazardous waste site.
BT - Liability
RT - Non-binding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility
(NEAR)
RT - Responsible Parties
POZZOlaniC PrOCeSS - Method of solidification/stabilization in
which waste is mixed with fine grained silicious materials
such as fly ash or cement kiln dust to produce a solid.
BT Stabilization/Solidification
-55-
-------
Precipitation - A chemical process in which dissolved chemical
species in solution are transformed into solid phases for
removal.
BT - Chemical Treatment
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents
use Appendix VIII Constituents
Private Insurance
BT - Insurance
Public Health
use Human Health Risk
- Thermal decomposition of hazardous materials in an
oxygen deficient atmosphere.
BT - Thermal Treatment
NT Advanced Electric Reactor
NT Plasma Arc
Quality Assurance
BT Methodology
Radioactivity - Emission of alpha, beta, or gamma rays either
naturally or as the result of human manipulation. Use for
nuclear.
BT - Energy
RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
BT Legislation
NT Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
NT Interim Prohibition
NT Subtitle C
NT Subtitle D
NT Subtjtle I
RT - Interim Status
RT Loss of Interim Status (LOTS)
sr Minimum Technological Requirements
RCRA Amendments
use Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
-56-
-------
Reactivity - Characteristic of hazardous waste whereby it is
unstable or rapidly undergoes a chemical reaction with other
materials.
BT - Analysjs
RT - Corrosiyity
RT - EP Toxjcity
RT - Ignitability
Record Of Decision (ROD) - Compiled for each site on the National
Priorities List. Delineates contamination, cleanup, and
liability issues for each site.
BT - Superfund
RT - Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
ReCOrdkeeping Requirements Those requirements set forth in the
Code of Federal Regulations for the transportation,
collection, and disposal of hazardous waste.
BT - Regulations
RT - Reporting Requirements
Recycling - The use or reuse of a waste as an effective
substitute for a commercial product or as an ingredient of
feedstock in an industrial process.
BT - Waste Minimization
Reduction
use Reduction/Oxidation
Reduction/Oxidation - A chemical treatment process where the
oxidized state of one reactant is raised while that of
another is lowered. This process destroys or lessens the
toxicity of many organics and heavy metals. Use for
oxidation or reduction.
BT - Chemical Treatment
NT - Ozonation
Region 1 - Includes States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
BT - Regions
Region 2 - Includes States of New York and New Jersey; Puerto
Rico and the Virgin Islands.
BT - Regions
-57-
-------
Region 3 - Includes States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware,
West Virginia, Virginia; and the District of Columbia.
in - Regions
Region 4 - Includes States of Kentucky, Tennessee, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and
Mississippi.
in Regions
Region 5 - Includes States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan,
Illinois, and Ohio.
BT Regions
Region 6 - Includes States of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma,
Arkansas, and Louisiana.
Region 7 - Includes States of Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and
Missouri.
BT Regions
Region 8 - Includes States of Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado.
BT - Regions
Region 9 - Includes States of California, Nevada, Arizona,
Hawaii; and Guam.
BT Regions
Region 10 - Includes States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and
Alaska.
BT
Regions
BT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Regions
- IIPA administrative unit.
Policy
- Region 1
- Region 2
Region 3
- Region 4
Region 5
Region 6
Region 7
Region 3
Region 9
Region 10
-58-
-------
Regulations - Rules or orders issued by governmental departments
to carry our the intent of the law. Use for standards.
BT - Legal Aspects
NT - Alternative Concentration Limits (ACL)
NT - California List
NT - Compliance
NT - Exemptions
NT - Facility Standards
NT - Financial Responsibility Requirements
NT - Hazardous Substance Lists
NT - Interim Status
NT - Location Standards
NT - Loss of Interim Status (LOIS)
NT - Minimum Technological Requirements
NT - Non-compliance
NT - Permits
NT - Recordkeeping Requirements
NT - Reporting Requirements
RT - Government
Releases - The unintentional spill or emission of hazardous
materials into the environment.
BT - Emergency Response
NT - Fires
Remedial Actions - Those solutions, either proposed or actually
undertaken for the permanent cleanup at a Superfund site.
Use for Remedial Designs, Remedial Response.
BT - Cleanup
RT - Removal Actions
NT Data Quality Objectives (DQO)
Remedial Designs
use Remedial Actions
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) - TWO studies
conducted at all National Priority List sites. RI
determines the type and extent of contamination. FS
evaluates the cleanup alternatives.
BT - Cleanup
RT Record of Decision (ROD)
Remedial Response
use Remedial Actions
Remedy Selection
use Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
-59-
-------
Removal Actions - Deal with cleanup at emergency Superfund sites.
This cleanup solution is not necessarily permanent.
BT - Cleanup
RT Remedial Actions
BT - Emergency Response
Repair
BT Equipment
Reporting Requirements - Certain requirements for the reporting
of a spill or unintentional release of hazardous waste into
the environment.
BT - Regulations
RT - Recordkeeping Requirements
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
use RCRA
Resource Recovery
use Materials Recovery
Responsible Parties - Parties identified by EPA which are
responsible for hazardous wastes at a controlled hazardous
waste site. Such parties are liable for costs incurred by
the Government for removal or immediate action, etc.
BT - Liability
RT - Cost Recovery
RT Non-blinding Preliminary Allocation of Responsibility
(NBAR)
RT - Potentially Responsible Parties (PRP)
Restoration - Process of returning a damaged environment to its
pre-damaged state, excludes Superfund program. Use for non-
Superfund program cleanup.
BT Ecological Risk
RT - Cleanup
- The addition of a new item, modification or removal
of an existing item of equipment beyond that of regular
maintenance.
NT Equipment
-60-
-------
Reverse OsmOSIS - A membrane separation technique which allows a
solvent to be removed from a solution containing solutes by
the application of a pressure driven membrane process.
BT - Membrane Separation
Right"tO~KnOW - Title III of SARA, "Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986." Establishes
regulatory program requiring disclosure of more information
about the danger of hazardous chemicals to public;
establishes emergency response plans.
NT SARA
RT - Community Awareness
RT - Emergency Preparedness
Rotary KllnS - Kilns in which the combustion of the waste is
enhanced through the rotation of the kiln on its axis.
BT - Industrial Kilns
SARA - Super fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
BT - Legislation
RT CERCLA
NT - Right-to-Know
NT Post Closure Liability Fund
Section 3008(H) - Part of the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments. Allows the EPA to take enforcement action to
require corrective action or other responses necessary to
protect human life whenever there has been a hazardous
release in the environment.
BT - Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
RT - Enforcement
Sedimentation - A physical treatment process whereby solids are
allowed to settle out of liquid hazardous waste.
BT - Physical Treatment
Sensing Techniques - Specific means by which monitoring of the
environment is accomplished.
BT - Monitoring
NT Bioassay
-61-
-------
Settlements
BT - Enforcement
NT - De Minimis
RT - Cost Recovery
RT - Mediation
RT - Negotiations
Sewage - Human body wastes.
BT - Municipalities
Sites - The land or water area or facility where hazardous waste
is either generated, stored, or treated, including adjacent
land used in conjunction with such activities.
BT - Generators
NT Abandoned Sites
NT Off-Site
NT On-Site
NT - Uncontrolled Sites
Sludge - The concentration of solids removed from sewage during
wastewater treatment.
BT Solid Wastes
Slurry - A watery mixture of insoluble matter that results from
some pollution control techniques.
BT - Liquid Wastes
Slurry Trenching - A subsurface cut-off or wall of low
permeability placed near a polluting waste source in order
to capture or contain resulting contamination.
BT Physical Treatment
Slurry Walls
use Slurry Trenching
Small Quantity Generators - Businesses that produce less than
1,000 kilograms or 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in a
month.
BT Generators
Soil
BT Environmental Media
NT - Aquifer
-62-
-------
Soil Washing/ Soil Flushing - Physical treatment process which
extracts contaminants from a sludge-soil matrix using a
liquid medium process. An extraction process specifically
for soils.
BT - Extraction
Solid Wastes
BT - Waste Types
NT - Dusts
NT - Sludge
Solvent Extraction
use Extraction
Solvents - A substance which dissolves other materials, reducing
them to molecular or ionic form.
BT - Inorganic Chemicals
BT - Organic Chemicals
- Method of solidification/stabilization in which hazard
contaminants are bound up in pozzolan type matrices through
either physical or chemical sorption.
BT - Stabilization/ Solidification
Source Reduction - The reduction or elimination of waste
generated at the source, usually within a process. Source
reduction implies any action that reduces the amount from a
process.
BT - Waste Minimization
Sources
use Generators
Stabilization PondS - A large shallow basin for purifying
industrial wastes which encourages the growth of bacteria
and algae in converting organic materials to nontoxic
organic substances.
BT - Biological Treatment
-63-
-------
Stabilization/Solidification - Treatment to improve the
structural stability and reduce the migration of waste.
Often involves the conversion of a liquid waste to a solid
waste. An alternative technology. Includes related
equipment. Use for immobilization or fixation.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT - Cementing
NT - Polymerization
NT Sorption
NT Surface Incapsulation
Standards
use Regulations
State - Includes interstate as well as intrastate items.
BT Government
Steam Stripping - Physical treatment process in which hazardous
organic constituents are removed by volatilization through
the heating of wastewater to its boiling point and forcing
the steam through the water.
BT Physical Treatment
Storage
BT Conventional Treatment
NT Containers
Storage TankS - Stationary devices constructed primarily of non-
earthen materials designed to contain an accumulation of
hazardous waste.
BT - Containers
NT - Corrosion
NT Underground Storage Tanks
Subtitle C - Part of RCRA. Concerns the management of hazardous
waste.
BT RCRA
Subtitle D - Part of RCRA. Establishes a framework for
coordinating Federal, State, and local government in the
management of non-hazardous solid waste.
BT RCRA
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Subtitle I - Part of RCRA. Concerns the regulations of
Underground Storage Tanks.
BT RCRA
NT LUST Trust Fund
Supercritical Extraction - Extraction process which is more
efficient than traditional extraction. By applying
extremely high temperatures and pressures, fluids reach
their critical point beyond which their solvent properties
are greatly altered.
BT Extraction
Supercritical Water Oxidation - Process in which air mixed with
aqueous wastes above the critical temperature and pressure
of water oxidizes organic wastes to carbon monoxide and
water.
BT - Wet Oxidation
- Created by CERCLA the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Includes
Hazardous Waste Trust Fund, popularly known as Superfund,
and the programs developed for cleaning up the worst
existing hazardous waste sites.
NT CERCLIS
NT - Cleanup
NT - Mixed Funding
NT - National Contingency Plan
NT - National Priorities List
NT - Record of Decision (ROD)
NT - Superfund innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
RT CERCLA
RT Funds
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) - TWO
programs to accelerate development and use of new
alternative technologies for cleanup at Superfund
sites.
BT Superfund
RT - Alternative Technologies
Surface Encapsulation - Waste is pressed or bonded together and
enclosed in a coating of inert materials.
BT - Stabilization/ Solidification
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Surface Impoundments - Facility or part of a facility which is a
natural topographic depression, manmade excavation, or diked
area formed primarily of earthen materials, though may be
lined with manmade materials, designed to hold hazardous
waste.
BT - Conventional Treatment
Surface Water
BT - Water
Taxes - Means of raising money for various funds.
BT Economic Assessment
RT - Funds
Technology Transfer Documents A set of key documents,
identified by EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response for the exchange of information on hazardous waste
both within and outside of the EPA. Use for A List, B List,
or C List.
BT Information Sources
Testing
use Analysis
Thermal Destruction
use Thermal Treatment
Thermal Treatment - Alternative technology where high temperature
is used as the principle means of destroying or detoxifying
hazardous waste. Includes related equipment.
BT Alternative Technologies
NT Calcination
NT Incineration
NT Pyrolysis
NT Wet Oxidation
Title III
use Right-to-Know
Toxic Substances
use Hazardous Substances
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Profile - Characterizes the lexicological and
health effects information for a particular hazardous
substance. Prepared by the Agency for Toxic Sustances and
Disease Registry.
RT - Health and Environmental Effects Document (HEEDS)
RT Health and Environmental Effects Profile (HEEPS)
RT Health Effects Assessment (HEAS)
BT - Human Health Risk
Training - Includes the teaching or implementation of procedures
for safe handling of hazardous waste materials.
BT - Management
RT Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
RT - Worker Protection
Transformers
BT - Industry
Transportation - The intentional movement of hazardous waste by
any mode, including a pipeline. For transportation by a
common or contract carrier, this also includes stoppage in
transit. For the unintentional movement of hazardous waste,
use migration.
BT - Conventional Treatment
NT Manifest
Trickling Filters - Biological treatment device. Wastewater is
trickled over a bed of stones covered with bacterial growth.
The bacteria breaks down the organic waste into less toxic
forms.
BT - Biological Treatment
TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act.
BT Legislation
Uncontrolled Sites - Sources of hazardous waste where the
contamination is increasing or migrating. No removal
procedures or remedial actions have been undertaken.
BT Sites
Underground Injection - The disposal of liquid hazardous waste in
deep wells drilled in land formations which ideally have no
resource value and are non-permeable. Use for injection
wells.
BT Conventional Treatment
NT - Capping
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Underground Storage Tanks - stationary devices, typically
constructed of non-earthen materials designed to contain an
accumulation of hazardous waste, typically petroleum related
products which are held underground.
Utilities
BT - Energy
UV/OZOnatJOn - Chemical treatment process in which wastewater is
simultaneously subject to ozone and ultraviolet radiation.
The ultraviolet radiation enhances the oxidation power of
ozone and increases the reaction rate.
BT Ozonation
VaCUUm Filtration - Type of filtration process in which a
mechanically supported, cylindrical rotating drum, covered
by a filter medium, employes a center vacuum to draw water
into the drum while the solids are scrapped off of the
filter.
BT Filtration
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
use Organic Chemicals
Waste Minimization - The reduction, to the fullest extent
feasible, of the hazardous waste that is generated or
subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of.
BT - Control Methods
NT - Materials Recovery
NT Recycling
NT Source Reduction
RT Alternative Technologies
RT - Conventional Treatment
Waste Reduction
use Waste Minimization
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WaStG Types - Any solid, liquid or gaseous material, no longer
used, that is either listed as hazardous under RCRA
regulations or can be identified as hazardous by the
characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or
EP toxicity.
NT Emissions
NT - Infectious Wastes
NT Leachates
NT - Liquid Wastes
NT - Solid Wastes
RT - Hazardous Substances
RT - Generators
Water
BT - Environmental Media
NT - Drinking Water
NT - Ground water
NT - Oceans
NT - Surface Water
Wet Air Oxidation - Thermal treatment which breaks down organic
materials by oxidation in a high temperature and pressure
aqueous environment and in the presence of compressed air.
BT - Wet Oxidation
Wet Oxidation - Thermal treatment of hazardous waste in which
organic materials are broken down through the use of
elevated temperatures and pressures in a water solution or
suspension.
BT - Thermal Treatment
NT - Supercritical Water Oxidation
NT - Wet Air Oxidation
Worker Protection - Includes the risks encountered in the
workplace. For procedures concerning the safe handling of
hazardous waste, see Training.
BT - Human Health Risk
RT - Training
>US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1988-0-518-147
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U.S. Environmental Prcfectkm Ass*
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Chicago, IL 6v€v?,-ij^f'
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ATTACHMENT 9
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE
HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION DATA BASE
Before you begin to install the Hazardous Waste Collection
Database, be sure you have read Section 3.0 of this
manual, "Equipment and Storage Requirements",
These installation instructions assume that you will always
be loading the database using drive A of your personal
computer.
If you have previously installed the database on your
system, follow the instructions beginning with 4.1.
If you have never installed the database, start with the
instructions numbered 4.2.
4.1 Deleting the Existing If you have previously installed the Hazardous Waste
HAZARD.DBF File | Collection Database on your personal computer, you must
first delete the existing database. (It will be replaced by a
new one.)
At the DOS C prompt, type: (User input is in boldface
type,)
C:\>CD\DBASE
followed by:
C:\DBASE>DEL HAZARD.DBF DIR
The screen will respond with a list of files contained in the
dBASE directory. HAZARD.DBF should no longer be on<
of them. You cannot proceed to the next step unti
HAZARD.DBF has been deleted from your system.
Once you are sure that HAZARD.DBF has been remove
from your system, follow the instructions as listed in ste
4.2.
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4.2
Installing the
Database
Check to see if the HWC directory already exists on the hard
drive of your system by typing: (Remember, in this manual
user input is in boldface type.)
C:\>CD
followed by:
C:\>DIR HWC
A:INSTALL
Proceed to section 4.2.3
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If it says:
"Insert backup diskette 01 in drive A:, proceed to strike any
key when ready"
Insert backup diskette 01 and
Type:
Then, proceed to section 4.2,3.
4.2.2
Creating a New
Directory
Insert the installation disk in drive A and type:
C:\>A: CREATE DIRECTORY NAME
Use any name, except HWC, that is eight characters or less
to replace "directory name" in the command line above.
Consult your operating system manual for more complete
specifications on naming your directory.
When the screen prompts you with the question:
"Are
you
sure (Y/N)?"
Answer
Y
Next, follow the instructions as listed 4.2.3.
4.2.3
Restoring the
Database
Follow the instructions as displayed on the screen to insert
and restore all of the numbered disks.
4.2.4
Final Steps
After restoring all of the numbered disks the computer will
display one of two messages:
If the screen displays:
"Batch File Missing"
You have completed installing the Hazardous Waste
Collection Database.
If the screen displays:
"Insert disk with batch file and press any key when ready"
Then, insert the installation disk back into drive A and press
any key. You have now completed installing the database.
To access the database consult Section 5.0, "Accessing the
Menu".
T
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