United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Information Services
And Library
Washington DC 20460
EPA/IMSD/88-004
May 1988
&EPA Bibliographic Series
Technology Transfer:
An Overview
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: AN OVERVIEW
MAY 1988
EPA HEADQUARTERS LIBRARY
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES DIVISION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
401 M STREET, S.W., ROOM 2904M
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
ii/" £0504
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AGENCYWIDE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER STAFF
MISSION STATEMENT
The Environmental Protection Agency's technology transfer mission is to achieve
improved environmental results by creating a climate that fosters cooperative approaches
for solving environmental problems, building the knowledge and skills needed to take
positive action, and expanding use of technology transfer through technical assistance,
training, and focused information dissemination.
The goals to support our mission are to:
• promote cooperative, mutually-supportive relationships between EPA and
States to establish more effective environmental management at State and
local levels
• build an understanding, results-oriented climate and acceptance within EPA
and the States that balanced cooperation with the regulated community will
make a positive contribution to environmental protection by increasing
voluntary compliance.
• meet environmental needs more effectively by increasing and institution-
alizing communication among all levels of government, business/industry,
academia, and the international community.
• maximize all available resources by tapping the many sources of expertise
and information that exist within and outside EPA/and by linking these
resources as directly as possible with those who need assistance to solve
environmental problems.
• encourage increased public awareness and ability to participate in environ-
mental decision-making thereby stimulating increased demand for and
delivery of technology transfer.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. POLICY 1
II. PURPOSE 9
III. IMPLEMENTATION 13
IV. CASE STUDIES
A. GENERAL 21
B. ENVIRONMENTAL 25
V. PERSPECTIVES
A. LABORATORIES/RESEARCH CENTERS 27
B. STATES 35
C. UNIVERSITIES 39
VI. OTHER TITLES AVAILABLE FROM THE EPA 41
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INTRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: AN OVERVIEW was prepared for the use of
the Agencywide Technology Transfer staff and Focal Points by Mary
Hoffman, Head Librarian. The bibliography serves to improve
awareness of major technology transfer issues and projects.
The Library Staff wishes to thank Tom Parker and Bob
Hardaker, Agencywide Technology Transfer staff, Office of
Regional Operations, for their advice and support in the
development of this bibliography.
Citations were selected for their relevance to EPA's
technology transfer effort. The bibliography is organized
according to the following major areas: 1) Policy, 2) Purpose, 3)
Implementation, 4) Case Studies, and 5) Perspectives in
Laboratories/Research Centers, State and local government and
universities.
The articles in the bibliography were taken directly from
the database that cited them; no editing was done by the
compiler. Citations preceded by an asterisk (*) are held in the
U.S. EPA Headquarters Library. Other articles can be borrowed
for EPA employees through interlibrary loan. The source of the
citation is noted by an alphabetical code enclosed in
parentheses at the end of the entry. The databases and code
abbreviations are listed below:
(ABI) ABI/Infonn
Data Courier, Inc.
Customer Services Department
620 South Fifth Street
Louisville, KY 40202
(COM) COMPENDEX PLUS
Communications Services Department
Engineering Information, Inc.
345 E. 47th Street
New York, NY 10017
(ENV) ENVTROLINE
Environment Information Center, Inc.
292 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10017
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(INS) INSPEC
IEEE Service Center
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854-4150
(LISA) LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE ABSTRACTS
Library Assocation Publishing
7 Ridgmount Street
London, WCIE 7AE
England
(MAG) Magazine Index
Information Access Company
11 Davis Drive
Belmont, CA 94002
(NTIS) National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22041
(PAIS) Public Affairs Information Service, Inc.
11 West 40th Street
New York, NY 10018
(POLL) Pollution Abstracts
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
5161 River Road
Bethesda, MD 20816
(PROM) PTS PROMT
Predicasts, Inc.
Online Services Department
200 University Circle Research Center
11001 Cedar Avenue
Cleveland, OH 44106
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Technology transfer can be defined as the use of technical
knowledge in an area other than the one for which the research
and development was originally performed. The technology which is
transferred can be ideas and techniques, computer applications,
management tools, products or expertise. The transfer can be
accomplished in a variety of ways, through joint development
projects, continuing professional education, consulting
arrangements, clearinghouses and information centers, or
libraries.
The process of technology transfer maximizes the benefits
of research and development investments. This bibliography
focuses on the use of unclassified technical material generated
by government funds to help solve problems in both the public and
the private sector. Some important factors in technology transfer
include the need for new and innovative technology, effective
transfer mechanisms, receptiveness to federal technology, the
support of top management, availability of funds and personnel,
and cooperation with federal laboratories.
The transfer of technical information is dependent on
successful communications and requires active participation by
the technology supplier and user. Some of the components of the
transfer system may include technical assistance, expert-to-
expert exchange and training. Information dissemination
techniques include library services, telephone hotlines,
newsletters, customized research services and standard products.
This bibliography provides an overview of technology
transfer.
I. POLICY. This section contains articles describing guidelines
for the collection, processing and dissemination of technical
information from the federal government to state and local
governments, private industry and universities.
II. PURPOSE. The articles in the second section of the
bibliography discuss the mission of the federal government to
"actively seek" utilization of federally-developed technologies
to the widest possible extent.
TTT . TMPT.FMra\)TATION. This section examines mechanisms which
allow the federal technology and technical information to be
identified and utilized by others in the private and non-federal
sectors.
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IV. CASE STUDIES. Citations in this section fall into two
categories: general and environmental case studies. The case
studies describe specific examples of organized technology
transfer activities conducted by the agencies of the federal
government.
V. PERSPECTIVES. The three -parts- in- this section contain
information on technology transfer from the perspective of
research centers, states and universities.
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i. FCUCY
GOVERNMENT GIVES SCIENTISTS THE KO2AL TREAOMEOT.
Lee, Don
* Government Executive, V. 20, No. 3, March 1988, pp. 28-32.
After years of receiving only token, awards when their inventions
were patented, government scientists and engineers can now
receive a share of the royalty payments the government collects
on their inventions. The Technology Transfer Act of 1986 provides
inventors with a share of the royalties collected from inventions
that have been licensed for commercial use. Royalty sharing is a
major part of the latest congressional effort to promote the
transfer of technology from federal laboratories to businesses
and better compensate talented government scientists. In the past
nearly all royalty income went to the U.S. Treasury.
1494784
Federal government labs can now enter into cooperative R&D with
industry.
* Chemical Engineering October 27, 1986 p. 12
Congress has amended the 1980 Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act
to allow federal government labs to enter into cooperative Research and
Development ventures with industry, state govts and universities. V Beldavs
of the Technology Transfer Soc expects the amended law to increase the flow
of funding and technology from 700 federal labs to private industry. Access
to federal funds may also provide an incentive for industrial researchers,
who often have difficulty in raising money for new projects. Foreign
researchers will be allowed to acquire US government unclassified
technology as long as their countries offer US researchers similar data.
(FRCM)
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1418470
US should put more into materials R&D says Alcoa researcher.
Iron Age-Metal Producing Mgmt Edition October 3, 1986 p. 15
The US must encourage greater participation at the university level in
materials R&D, according to RA Bonewitz, Alcoa Laboratories, speaking
before the recent 9th Biennial Conference on National Materials Policy. The
lack of both professors and graduate students- in doctoral'programs ranging
from materials research to computer science is one of the most significant
social and technical issues facing the US today. Bonewitz also suggested
that the US continue its efforts to support science and technology. An
example is in the area of supercomputers. According to a study by the
advanced computer panel of the Federal Coordinating Council on Science and
Engineering Priorities, the US spent $280 million in 1985 on advanced
computer research, but that was only 1/3 the amount spent by the federal
government to subsidize the tobacco industry. A third suggestion is to do
something about the way we handle our research activities, an area that has
been plagued by duplication, suboptimization and poor technology transfer.
Bonewitz also recommended that the US find ways to meet national security
secrecy requirements, while at the same time making knowledge available to
US industry. A tax structure that provides incentives for research would
also be beneficial. Bonewitz stressed the need for further changes in laws
to support the creation and functioning of Research and Development
consortia. Such legislation would greatly stimulate US industry, creating
more interaction, joint training programs and shared consultancies.
(PRCM)
86028770
The Federal Bole in Connercial Technology Developnent
Alic, J. A.
Technovation (Netherlands) v4n4 PP: 253-267 Aug 1986 ISSN: 0166-4972
JRNL CCDE: TCH
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 15 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/TNFORM
The technology base for US industry depends on science, and the
technology base contains gaps due to its rapid expansion and complex
nature. Therefore, most firms are unable to use scientific knowledge fully
for commercial innovations. Many of the federal government's recent
experiences with coimercial technologies have been negative, but its
ventures have been modest. A consciously experimental approach seems
desirable for the near future, and the federal government should complement
state technology extension services. This participation can teach it more
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about the ingredients of successful programs and can extend time horizons
to projects with, longer payback periods. Since diffusing technical
knowledge to industry is as important to international competitiveness as
developing new technologies, the federal government should expand its role
to provide support for companies that are not technologically
self-sufficient. Hie government could begin by providing funds on a
continuing basis for technology centers to develop and diffuse commercially
oriented technologies. Charts. References. Appendix.
(ABI)
86028741
Building Bridges Between Public and Private R&D
Ticer, Scott
* Business Week n2959( Industrial/Technology Edition) PP: 66J,L Aug 11,
1986 CODEN: BUWEA3 ISSN: 0007-7135 JRNL CCDE: BWE
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 2 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFORM
As a result of a 1980 law, national laboratories funded by the
government have been attempting to identify research and development (R&D)
with commercial potential and pass it on to industry. One example of how
this is being handled is the Research Institute for the Management of
Technology, or Riintech, a nonprofit company attempting to make available to
commercial interests the technology developed by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (Pasadena, California). Rimtech accomplishes this by: 1. finding
solutions to specific problems for a fee, 2. ascertaining a company's
technical problems and referring them to Jet Propulsion researchers, and 3.
marketing technology developed at the lab to likely prospects. So far,
attempts at technology transfer generally have met with little success. A
law currently under congressional consideration will attempt to strengthen
links between the labs and industry. Many US companies still are ignorant
of the new openness of the federal labs, and visits to the labs from
businesspeople of foreign countries, especially Japan, far exceed those
from representatives of US companies.
(ABI)
180113 87-1883 Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA)
OB issues final policy directive on the management of
federal information sources
* Information Hotline
SOURCE: 18 (3) Mar 86, 1-23
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Comprises the USA Office of Management and Budget (CMB) directive OMB
circular no. A-130 on the management of federal information resources, and
appendices on: maintaining information about individuals; cost accounting;
and resource sharing; and security of federal automated information
systems. The directive sets basic guidelines for the collection,
processing, and dissemination of information by federal agencies, and for
the management of federal information systems and technology, as well as
revising existing directives on privacy, computer security, and cost
accounting for federal computer and telecomnunication facilities
(LISA)
86002464
Government R&D: A Wealth of New Product Ideas
McDermott, Kevin
D&B Reports v33n6 PP: 40-42 Nbv/Dec 1985 ISSN: 0164-517X
JKNL CODE: DBR
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 3 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFOPM
Although the US government holds about 28,000 patents, only about 4%
have ever been licensed for commercial development. D. Bruce Merrifield of
the Department of Commerce has targeted the transfer of government
technology as a specific goal of his office. The current restructuring of
the National Technical Information Service (NITS) is a significant part of
the effort to make government-sponsored research more available to private
interests. NITS publishes reports on new government-sponsored research. The
Bayh-Dole legislation of 1980 for the first time allowed small businesses
and universities doing government-funded research to take ownership of
their efforts and earn royalties through licenses. In 1984, Bayh-Dole was
extended to federal laboratories, except that royalties have to be returned
to the lab. Proposals now in Congress would extend Bayh-Dole to big
businesses and would give more authority to managers of government labs in
dealing with the private sector.
(ABI)
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02066682 Monthly No: EIM8601-003945
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND TOF. FEDERAL ROLE IN INDUSTRIAL
CXMFErrnVENESS.
Moxley, James C.
Carolina Power & Light Co, Raleigh, NC, USA
Conference Title: Winter Annual Meeting - American Society of Mechanical
Engineers.
Conference Location: Miami Beach, FL, USA conference Date: 1985 Nov
17-21
Sponsor: ASME, New York, NY, USA
E.I. Conference No.: 07096
Source: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper) Publ by ASME,
New York, NY, USA 85-WA/Aero-2, 4p
CCDEN: ASMSA4 ISSN: 0402-1215
Language: English
Document Type: PA; (Conference Paper)
Journal Announcement: 8601
The vast potential that technological innovation offers in fulfilling our
national goals for economic well-being has become more visible to
government policy makers as well as to industrial and business leaders as a
result of the efforts of a Presidential Commission. The President's
Commission on Industrial Competitiveness examined the issues and the roles
of the Federal government and the private sector and recommended
significant actions to enhance our national ability to successfully compete
in the international marketplace. The author addresses the issues,
Commission findings and recommendations relevant to science and technology
from the perspective of a participant in the Commission activities while
serving as an ASME Fellow. (Author abstract)
(CCM)
83005232
Redefining the Federal Government's Role in Technology Transfer
Herrmann, John F.
* Research Mgmt v26nl PP: 21-24 Jan/Feb 1983 CCDEN: RESMA3 ISSN:
0034-5334 JRNL CCDE: RM3
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 4 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCEM
Technology transfer refers to the use of technical knowledge in an area
other than the one for which the research and development (R&D) was
originally performed. Government efforts to increase the private use of
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technology developed at taxpayer expense nave not only failed but have
helped prevent more widespread use of this technology. US government policy
on technology transfer rests on the validity of the idea that there exists
a federally controlled reservoir of technology with significant economic
value that is available for use by interested parties. However, this
reservoir concept is misleading as a way to describe what is available for
the purpose of technology transfer. Many federal R&D expenditures are tied
to secret or specialized missions which, when completed, provide US
taxpayers with technology that is inaccessible, unusable, or of no future
economic worth. Expenditures in these areas may reflect how much R&D in
other areas has had to be foregone. The government's role in technology
transfer needs to be redefined to focus on: 1. developing a policy
encouraging private use of government-owned patents, 2. creating a tax and
regulatory environment that stimulates technological entrepreneurship, and
3. restricting governmental activity in technology transfer to that of a
technological librarian. References.
(PAIS)
889823 FB82-147851
Policy Mbkers* Views on the application of Research and
Technology to Local Government: A Preliminary Assessment
National League of Cities, Washington, DC.
Corp. Source Codes: 019360000
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Report No.: NSF/ISP-81025
8 Jun 81 31p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8208
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NSF-ISP80-17279
The role of technology and reserch in the public sector is discussed in
an attempt to identify programs or approaches sponsored by the Federal
government which have been effective or could be enhanced by local
governments. Major topics examined include: (1) the need for a national
communications network; (2) the risk element in the application of new
technology; (3) technical assistance and training for local governments;
and (4) local government direct participation in science and technology
agenda-setting. It is noted that local government officials are, in
essence, searching for technology which has a potential for reducing or at
least stabilizing the costs of community services and improving the
productivity of those services and the manner in which they are provided.
(NTIS)
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793815 PB80-209232
Papers Commissioned as Inputs to Annual Science and
Technology Report (ASTR) (2nd). VDlume I. Science and
Technology at the State and local Levels: The Role of the
Federal Government
Helminski, Edward L. ; Burgess, Philip M. ; Gruber, Michael ; Feller,
Irwin ; Doctors, Samuel I.
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of Policy Research and
Analysis.
Corp. Source Codes: 019603097
Report No.: NSF-80-21-A1
1980 230p
See also Volume 2, PB80-209240. Prepared in cooperation with Colorado
Univ. at Boulder. Graduate School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State
Univ., university Park. Inst. for Policy Research and Evaluation, and
Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB80-209224.
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC All/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8024
Country of Publication: United States
The increased influence of science and technology poses a unique
challenge to state and local governments. For the most part they are the
victims of science and technological advances, thrust into the role of
controlling the effects in the interest of the public welfare. As a result,
decisions by state and local policy makers have a far-reaching and
long-lasting effect upon the social, economic, and physical well being of
their constituents. To understand the role that science and technology can
and must play at the state and local levels (therefrom to structure
effective national policies) it is necessary to define in some manner the
functions of state and local government. A public management model which
divides the functions of state and local government into three distinct
elements: policy management, resource management and program management, is
useful in this regard. Within each element science and technology has a
significant and distinct role to play. The synergetic relationship among
the elements, however, means that a use of science and technology within
one element will be manifested in some manner in the others.
(NITS)
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793816 FB80-209240
Papers Commissioned as Inputs to Annual Science and
Technology Report (ASTR) (2nd). TOlume H. The Federal
Role in the Development and Oannercialization of Technology
Myers, Sumner ; Gold, Bela
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of Policy Research and
Analysis.
Corp. Source Codes: 019603097"
Report Nb.: NSF-80-21-A2
1980 89p
See also Volume 1, PB80-209232 and Volume 3, PB80-209257.
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Public
?idministration, Washington, DC, and Case Western Reserve Univ.,
Cleveland, CH.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB80-209224.
Languages: Fnglish
NITS Prices: PC A05/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8024
Country of Publication: United States
Public concern about energy and productivity has led to increasing
government sponsorship of technologies for private and mixed markets where
the federal government is no longer the primary consumer. This new
situation is beyond the experience of most government officials and raises
several basic issues in public policy and administration. Two such
fundamental issues are addressed in this paper, First, what should
government's investment policy be in support of the development and
commercialization of technologies, energy or other, for private and mixed
markets. And, second, what role should government play to maximize the
likelihood of its investment success while minimizing its intrusion into
traditional domains of the private sector. The level of government support
is a function of the value of the technology to the nation as a whole.
(NTIS)
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n. PURPOSE
1270993 PB87-216586/XAB
Federal Policy, Basic Research, and Technological
Innovation: Final Report
Lairibright, W. H. ; Price, E. M. ; Teich, A. H.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Science and Technology Policy-Center.
Corp. Source Codes: 059452005
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of Policy
Research and Analysis.
Report No.: NSF/PRA-87004
Jun 87 140p
See also PB87-216578. Sponsored by National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC. Div. of Policy Research and Analysis.
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8721
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NSF-PRA85-12966
The study was designed to improve understanding of the relationship
between basic scientific research funded primarily by the Federal
Government, and industrial innovation. Three emerging technologies were
selected using the following criteria: (1) the technologies had reached the
point of early commercialization; (2) they reflected varying mixes of
government, industry, university relations along the way; and (3) they were
of national policy significance. The technologies that were then selected
and studied were: (1) fiber optic comiunications; (2) rDNA biotechnology;
and (3) high-technology ceramic engines. Study models are described in the
report. (NTIS)
1155618 DE85016622/XAB
Technology Transfer Is Opportunity Transfer
Levinson, T. M. ; Schmid, L. C. ; Watts, R. L.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Corp. Source Codes: 048335000; 9512268
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: PNL-SA-12976; CONF-8506175-1
Jun 85 lip
10. annual meeting of the Technology Transfer Society, San Francisco, CA,
USA, 24 Jun 1985.
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8526; NSA1000
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC06-76RL01830
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In this paper the management of intellectual property and the decision
process of selecting federal technologies for transfer is approached from
the perspective of how they can be packaged as business opportunities. The
package is usually provided by a technologist who is the technology
provider and the opportunity must be perceived as such by the business
person. Thoughts are provided on the different perspectives of the
technology provider and the technology seeker and the environment in which
the transfer process occurs-. The different perspectives and" the •environment
can cause a disconnect between the research result and its uses. By using
selection criteria based on the business person's perspective and by
presenting the technology in terms of what it can become helps to mitigate
this disconnect. (ERA citation 10:044465)
(NITS)
1094367 DE84014481/XAB
Federal Governnent Agency Activities in Technology
Transfer: An Historical View
Miller, c. F.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 068147000; 9513035
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: UCRL-91039; CCNF-8406176-1
Jun 84 lOp
Technology Transfer Society annual meeting and international symposium,
Boston, m, USA, 25 Jun 1984.
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8502; NSA0900
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: W-7405-ENG-48
For 200 years the federal government has increased its support to, and
involvement with, scientific and technological research and development. In
each case, effort was initiated in response to a perceived or expressed
need or was otherwise deemed to be in the national interest. Also in each
case, the principal thrust of each new initiative was to conduct research
in such a manner that the results would be available to American commerce,
industry, and the public. Clearly, from the Morrill Act to
Stevenson-Wydler, the federal government and its agencies not only have the
right, but the responsibility, to take actions leading to the effective
transfer of federally-developed technology. These involved with federal
technology transfer, or who otherwise follow the issue, are often told that
something needs to be done on a national level to transfer federal
technology more effectively. With the exceptions of the Agricultural
10
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Extension Service and NASA's Technology Utilization Program, emphasis
seemed to be on collecting, archiving, and disseminating - a passive
federal role. Dissatisfaction with the results of this approach led to
pressures for the federal government to assume a more active role. The
Stevenson-Wydler Act clearly states that it is part of the mission of each
federal agency with research and development programs to actively seek
utilization of federally-developed technologies to the widest possible
extent. (ERA citation 09:045278)
(NTIS)
81001440
Managerial Response to Technological Innovation in Public
Sector Organizations
Feller, Irwin
* Management Science v26nlO PP: 1021-1030 Oct 1980 CODEN: MSCIAM
ISSN: 0025-1909 JRNL CCDE: MCI
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFORM
Technological innovation is often viewed as a way of raising
productivity levels in state and local government. There is growing
evidence to suggest that senior level bureaucrats have primary
responsibility for decisions that concern the adoption of innovations and
that innovations adopted by state and local governments are either
cost-reducing or service-augmenting. A formal explanation is proposed for
the apparent preference of bureaucrats for service-augmenting innovations.
It seems that service-augmenting innovations tend to increase agency
budgets to which bureaucratic emoluments are positively correlated, to
expand to clientele served by an agency, and to obscure agency production
costs by simultaneously altering both the input mixes and the services
provided. Federal policies designed to encourage a more rapid diffusion of
technological innovations are partially based on the expectation that
technological innovations will lessen budgetary pressures on state and
local governments. There may be counter-vailing pressures with the adoption
processes of states and local governments that weaken the implied
relationship between technological change and productivity improvement.
References. (ABI)
11
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HI.
86008208
Technology Transfer: Who, What, Where, & How — Part H
Sobczak, Thomas V.
Manufacturing Systems v4nl PP: 48-49 Jan 1986 JPNL CCDE: MFS
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 2 Pages
AVAILABILITY": ABI/INFOEM
Numerous electronic databases are available to those people within a
company who are seeking to improve manufacturing productivity. Using a
modem and a telephone to access the database, these researchers can: 1.
identify the current state of technology, 2. identify technology voids that
offer the opportunity for new markets, and 3. locate contract and
subcontract opportunities. The rental costs on electronic databases range
from $20 to $250 per connect hour, with a typical search costing less than
$100 total and accessing 3-5 different databases. Since the government is
subject to private ownership of technology developed under contract and
restrictive agreements with other countries, very little is being done by
certain governmental departments to transfer technology. In addition, there
is no uniform government patent (technology) transfer policy, and small
business is largely ignored by government-sponsored programs. Several
databases are listed. Tables. (ABI)
86009202
Technology Transfer: Who, What, Where, & How (Part in)
Sobczak, Thomas V.
Manufacturing Systems v4n2 PP: 48-49 Feb 1986 JENL CODE: MFS
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 2 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCRM
Small businesses can obtain information about technology and its
application to specific manufacturing areas from a variety of sources.
Several of these sources are discussed. Information can be gathered from
military sources concerning the application of computer-aided design and
computer-aided manufacturing and computer-integrated manufacturing. The
Corporation for Innovation Development (Washington, DC) is designed to help
obtain venture capital for starting high-risk new technology efforts. The
Center for Utilization of Federal Technology (Washington, DC) tries to
increase industry awareness of federally funded research and development
opportunities. CAM-I (Arlington, Texas) is a corporation with ongoing
programs in geometric modeling, process planning, advanced numerical
control, and factory management. Little People's Productivity Center Inc.
(Baldwin, New York) deals with group technology, technology transfer, and
13
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classification and coding systems. Since the goals of technology transfer
should be cannon to government and small business, financing should be
available to small businesses so that they can act as agents for transfer.
(ABI)
84026044
Sources to Share
Salter, Lowell M.
Management World v!3n7 PP: 32-33 Aug 1984 ISSN: 0090-3825
JRNL CEDE: MWL
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 2 Pages
AVMIABILITY: ABI/INPCRM
Collecting relevant information on which to base choices has become a
complex task, and small businesses with limited financial resources are at
a technological disadvantage in gathering the data they need. The federal
government has sought to provide help with 2 affordable information
programs. The first consists of Small Business Development Center (SBDC)
programs. Thirty states have instituted SBDC projects which assist in
developing strategic marketing plans. The role SBDCs play in answering
management questions and offering fresh options is one part of assuring
adequate information flow to small business decision makers. The other form
of federal aid comes through the technology transfer network of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Charts.
(ABI)
01893428 Monthly No: EIM8509-054869
CCMPUEER MODEL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE tNETED STATES.
Barnwell, Thomas 0.; Torno, Harry C.
US EPA, Cent for Water Quality Modeling, Athens, GA, USA
Conference Title: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
Urban Storm Drainage. (Volume 2: Modelling of Storm Sewer Systems.)
Conference Location: Goteborg, Swed Conference Date: 1984 Jun 4-8
Sponsor: Chalmers Univ of Technology, Dep of Sanitary Engineering,
Goteborg, Swed; Chalmers Univ of Technology, Dep of Hydraulics, Goteborg,
Swed; Int Assoc for Hydraulics Research, Delft, Neth; Int Assoc on Water
Pollution Research & Control, London, Engl; Swedish Council for Building
Research, Stockholm, Swed; et al
E.I. Conference No.: 06819
Source: Publ by Chalmers Univ of Technology, Goteborg, Swed p 723-731
ISBN: 91-7032-128-0
Language: English
Document Type: PA; (Conference Paper)
Journal Announcement: 8509
14
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Computer-based mathematical models for urban water resources planning,
management and design are widely used by engineers and planners in both the
public and private sectors. In the United States, the majority of users are
in the private (consulting) sector, yet most of the major model development
is done by, or under the sponsorship of, a number of Federal agencies. The
Federal government, however, has no effective, centralized system to
catalog, maintain, distribute or support these models, and it is frequently
difficult for even experienced users to determine what is available, much
less make informed judgements about suitability. This paper briefly
describes how various Federal and non-Federal Agencies address this
problem. 15 refs. (CCM)
1047478 PB84-158906
Facilitating Federal Technology Transfer to Small and
Medium sized Business and State and Local Governnent
Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle. Center for Urban Economic Development.
Corp. Source Codes: 010384025
Sponsor: Economic Development Administration, Washington, DC.
Report No.: EDA-84-005
Jan 84 172p
Languages: English
NITS Prices: PC A08/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8410
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EDA-99-06-07126
The purpose of this report is to examine organizational mechanisms which
will allow technology and technical information, developed in the federal
laboratories, to be identified and utilized by those within the small to
medium sized business sector and the non-federal government sector. The
utilization of federal laboratory outputs is encouraged in order to make
more efficient use of federal resources in addition to providing increased
opportunities for the targeted user groups to contribute to economic
growth. (NTIS)
83024292
Manufacturing Technology in the 1980's: A Survey of Federal
Programs and Practices
Hetzner, William A.; Tornatzky, Louis G.; Klein, Katherine J.
* Management Science v29n8 PP: 951-961 Aug 1983 CODEN: MSCIAM ISSN:
0025-1909 JRNL CCDE: MCI
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 11 Pages
AVAJLABILrTY: ABI/INFQRM
15
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Thirteen federal government programs devoted to the development and
transfer of manufacturing technology were surveyed about their goals, user
groups, and methods of technology transfer. Most programs were involved in
the development of short-term, user-oriented hardware technologies. These
were of generally small scale and focused on single^nachine,
single-function applications. The most camion areas of technological
interest across all programs were automation, materials handling, and
machine and tool design. Most programs relied upon interpersonal methods of
technology transfer, such as seminars and personal meetings. Users tended
to be technologically sophisticated firms or those that had experienced
contractual relationships with the federal government. This profile
suggests the need for an approach that emphasizes long-term, larger scale
goals to promote the development and implementation of technologically
advanced manufacturing systems. Tables. References.
(ABI)
1135553 C83040002
FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER USING THE NHS DATA BASE:
SEARCHING GOVERNMENT INVENTIONS AND TECH NOTES
LEHMANN, E.J.
Sponsor: ONLINE REVIEW
NATIONAL ONLINE MEETING PROCEEDINGS - 1983 311-17 1983
12-14 APRIL 1983 NEW YORK, USA
Publ: LEARNED INF. , MEDFORD, NJ, USA
XIII+621 pp. ISBN 0 938734 05 9
Treatment: PRACTICAL;
Document Type: CONFERENCE PAPER
Languages: ENGLISH
THE STEVENSON-^WYDLER TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ACT OF 1980 (PL 96 480) GIVES
NEW INPUT TO THE OVERALL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER EFFORT WITHIN THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT. NTIS WAS SELECTED TO CENTRALIZE SOME OF THE COORDINATICN AND
REFERRAL FUNCTIONS DESIGNATED IN THE LAW. ALTHOUGH FULL IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE LAW HAS NOT YET OCCURRED, NITS HAS TAKEN THE INITTATIVE TO USE ITS
INFORMATICN DISSEMINATION CAPABILITIES TO PLAY A MORE ACTIVE ROLE IN THIS
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER EFFORT. IN ADDITION TO ITS WEEKLY ABSTRACT NEWSLETTER,
OCIVERNMENT INVENTICNS FOR LICENSING, ITS EXISTING TECH NOTES SUBSCRIPTION
PRODUCT IS BEING UPGRADED TO OFFER A BETTER VEHICLE FOR ALERTING INDUSTRY
OF NEW FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY HAVING A COMVERCIAL OR PRACTICAL APPLICATION.
SPECIAL SUMMARIES OF THESE TECH NOTES FACT SHEETS, INCLUDING NASA'S TECH
BRIEFS AND DOE ENERGYGRAMS, ARE BEING ENTERED INTO THE NTIS DATA BASE.
16
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UNLIKE REGULAR BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS, THESE TECH NOTE CITATIONS ARE
DESIGNED TO HIGHLIGHT SELECTED FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY AND LINK A SEARCHER WITH
EITHER A PERSONAL CONTACT OR A SUPPORT PACKAGE. THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE
IDEAS BEHIND THIS ONLINE EFFORT, HOW TO EFFECTIVELY SEARCH THESE CITATIONS,
AND WHAT THE FUTURE MAY HOLD FOR EFFECTIVE FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
USING ONLINE SYSTEMS. (INS)
0981011 AD-A126 775/6
Technology Transfer Agents' Perceptions of the Technology
Transfer Process
(Master's thesis)
Lennon, Bernadine Antoinette
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 019895000; 251450
Dec 82 62p
Languages: English Document Type: Thesis
NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8316
Country of Publication: United States
The perceptions of technology transfer agents and individuals who staff
the Office of Research and Technology Applications (QRTA) at Federal
laboratories and agencies are investigated in this thesis. Specific areas
which are studied are (1) a description of the technology transfer office,
(2) the form of initial contact between technology transfer agents and
users, (3) the technology transfer process employed, (4) technology
transfer agent and ORTA demographics and (5) areas where the technology
transfer process effectiveness can be increased. The conclusion identifies
areas which the technology transfer agents and ORTA's perceive as needing
improvement in the technology transfer process both within the laboratory
and from the parent agency and also from the Federal government. The
perceptions of the ORTA's in the implementation of the Stevenson-Wydler
Technology Innovation Act are also discussed. Recommendations are proposed
which address the technology transfer agents' and QRTAs' areas of concern.
(Author) (NTIS)
17
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0157302 82-003101
THE fftNAGEMEMT CF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: PLEWVRY PAPER
BOSMAN D. L.
NAIL TIMBER RESEARCH INST, SOUTH AFRICA,
WOCD & FIBER, JUL 81, V13, N3, P196 (16)
TECHNICAL FEATURE: TECHNOLOGICAL ESNOVATICN AND TECHNCODGY TRANSFER ARE
DISCUSSED. TEXUNQLOGY TRANSFER IS THE TRANS*'ERRING CF KNOWLEDGE AND IS
DEPENDENT ON SUCCESSFUL (XMVlUNICATiaNf. SUCH TRANSFER OF INFC1RMATICN IS
CHARTED IN SOUTH AFRICA'S NAT'L TIMBER RESEARCH INST. 'S EFFORTS TO TRANSFER
INFORMATICN CN WOOD RESOURCES TO THE SOUTH AFRICAN FOREST PRODUCTS
INDUSTRY. SYSTEMS DEVELOPED BY THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND TRANSFERRED TO
INDUSTRY BY WAY OF RESEARCH STEERING CCMCTTEES ARE DESCRIBED. (2 DIAGRAMS,
18 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES). (ENV)
825235 PB81-141376
Technical Information and Data Services for City and County
Governments:Executive Sunmary
Hoy, C. Nelson
Public Technology, Inc., Washington, DC.
Corp. Source Codes: 058513000
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Engineering and
Applied Science.
Report No.: NSF/RA-800266
31 Mar 80 12p
See also PB81-123747.
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8109
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NSF-ISP78-12730
Factors which hinder the effective use of technical information and data
services by local government officials are outlined. It is recommended that
a technical information and data service should offer one or more service
in developmental order with the most basic and essential service first and
the most advanced service last. These services should include a telephone
hotline, an exchange newsletter, customized research, and a standard
product service. To improve technical information data services for local
government officials and their staffs, it is suggested that such programs
draw upon the following: (1) innovative technical solutions and exemplary
research in-progress from city and county governments themselves; (2) the
executive public interest groups and line professional associations; or (3)
private sector companies and consultants. Studies indicate that a service
which uses Federal government research and development work is not feasible
unless it is subsidized. Implementation options are reviewed in this
summary and recommendations are made. (NTIS)
18
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775222 AD-A084 415/9
Improving tlie Manager»s Ability to Identify Alternative
Technologies
(Master's thesis)
Newton, Wayne Joseph
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 019895000; 251450 -
Mar 80 96p
Languages: English Document Type: Thesis
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01 Journal Announcanent: GRAI8018
Country of Publication: united States
Planning is a principle function of management. A vital component of this
planning process is the identification by management of alternative
technologies. This paper addresses the task of improving the manager's
ability to identify alternative technologies appropriate to the strategy,
structure and process of the manager's organization. An analysis of the
technology transfer milieu of the Federal Government is integrated with a
conceptual model of the technology transfer process. This integration
provides some real world examples of the subtle and complex factors which
define the technology transfer process. A brief description of the manner
in which these transfer factors could be conceptually utilized to
characterize the organizational typology of an organization and act as
inputs to a computer-assisted Decision Support System (DSS) is given. The
information provided herein clearly indicates the organizational factors
which a manager can manipulate to improve the identification of alternative
technologies. (Author). (NITS)
19
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IV. CASE b'lUUlES
A. GENERAL
1224602 PB87-107496/XAB
Uncounted Benefits: Federal Efforts in Domestic Technology
Transfer
Chapman, R. L. ; Hirst, K.
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Corp. Source Codes: 007561000
Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.
Jul 86 364p
Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington,
DC.
Languages: English Document Type: Bibliography
NITS Prices: PC A16/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8703
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NASW-3466
The study was undertaken to describe organized technology transfer
activities conducted by the agencies of. the U.S. government. The focus is
upon agency or departmental level activity rather than the laboratory
level. Since it was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the NASA program has not been included in the survey. None
of the programs on which information was collected has been assessed or
evaluated individually. However, the aggregate programs of the government
have been judged in terms of obvious gaps and opportunities for future
improvement. The report is organized into two parts: Part I consists of an
overview, descriptions of the various agency or department programs of
technology transfer, a list of persons interviewed or consulted during the
survey, and a bibliography of publications, reports and other material made
available to the study staff; Part II is an extensive appendix of
illustrative material collected from the various programs. Reference to
laboratories is made only to provide illustrations and some sense of
working level activity being undertaken in technology transfer. Agencies
surveyed were: Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce,
Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Energy,
Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Housing and Urban
Development, Department of Interior, Department of Transportation, Veterans
Administration, and Environmental Protection Agency.
(NITS)
21
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1289130 N88-10686/9/XAB
I«VSA*s (National Aeronautics and Space Atininistration's) New
Technology Reporting System: A Review and Future Prospects
Chapman, R. L.
Denver Univ., CD. Program for the Management and Application of Science
and Technology.
Corp. Source Codes: 007560001; DM025415
Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.
Report No.: NAS 1.26:180954; NASA-CR-180954
Jun 85 205p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A10/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8803; STAR2601
Country of Publication: United States
Contract Nb.: NASW-3466
A systematic effort is made to describe how NASA's new technology
reporting system operates today, and how that system might be enhanced. The
system is documented in terms of organization, operational practices, and
other program benefits. Identified and assessed are incentives or
disincentives to reporting, program management, program follow through, and
the feasibility of various means for improving the general process. NASA
has the only system in the Federal Government for capturing and
disseminating new technology developed under its sponsorship of research
and development. This system can be improved in many ways, some of which
require additional resources and/or more senior management attention, but
many of which can be instituted within the authority of the leadership of
the Technology Utilization program. The suggested options and actions
presented are mutually compatible. Any single action will contribute to
improving the process. However, the first and most important step is
undoubtedly to gain senior management's attention to the central role
played by a vigorous new technology reporting system in the success and
value of NASA's broader technology utilization and technology transfer
activities. (NTIS)
1094476 DE84016351/XAB
Five-Year Technology Transfer Plan, 1986-1990
Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Passive and Hybrid Solar Energy
Div.
Corp. Source Codes: 052661328; 9518222
Report No.: DOE/CE-0099
Aug 84 12p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8502; NSA0900
Country of Publication: United States
22
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Hinder the leadership of the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) Office
of Research and Technology Triplications (ORTA), a multiyear technology
transfer program plan was prepared with the input of experts in the
technology transfer field, researchers, and members of the buildings
industry. Using the multiyear plan as a framework, nine buildings industry
trade and professional associations developed plans outlining their roles
in the technology transfer process. At the same time, the Division prepared
a management plan providing strategies and guidelines for administering the
program. To better understand the critical linkages and actors in the
technology transfer process, the Division initiated case studies of its
earlier efforts to transfer first-generation passive solar heating
technologies. The insight provided by the case studies is being used to
strengthen the program, update the multiyear plan, and develop an
evaluation design. In addition, an experimental University Research
Associates Program is in place, and procedures for implementing an Industry
Research Associates Program have been developed. The national laboratories
have been funded to implement specific technology transfer activities.
Interactions between researchers and potential recipients of the research
results are increasing in number and leading to more effective idea
exchanges and research programs. An initial investigation of passive and
hybrid solar energy investment decision-making in nonresidential buildings
is nearing completion. A consortium of buildings industry associations is
developing and refining a strategy for satisfying its R and D needs using
the resources of the federal government, industry, and universities.
Likewise, participation of leading industry practitioners and trade and
professional associations in current research is continuing. (ERA citation
09:047632) (NTIS)
949380 AD-A121 998/9
The Role of Science and Technology in Emergency Management
(Final rept.)
Morse, Robert W. ; Allen, Charles K. ; Auzier, John A. ; Chartrand,
Robert L. ; Huntley, Henry C.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Corp. Source Codes: 019026000; 407401
1982 lOlp
Languages: English
OTIS Prices: PC A06/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8306
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EMf-C-0425
23
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The report identifies appropriate FET^ activities in science and
technology. These include: research and development to support FEMA's
missions, taking a leadership role in setting research objectives in
emergency management within the federal government, establishment of a
contingency fund to support interdisciplinary field research of actual
disasters, development and maintenance of a system for expressing the needs
of users in the planning of emergency management research; interpretation
and dissemination of important research results to user. (Author)
(OTIS)
857204 UCRL-15342
Private Sector Technology Transfer. Final Report
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 068147000; 9513035
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Jan 81 12p
Languages: English
NITS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8121; NSA0600
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: W-7405-ENG-48
[FOR FULL CITATION WITH ABSTRACT SEE SECTION VA
"LABCRATORIES/RESEARCH CENTERS". ]
24
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IV. CASE STUDIES
B. ENTCEONMEMftL
87-04461
Abstracts: Technology Transfer conference
Technology Transfer Conference Toronto, Qnt. (Canada) 8-9 Dec 1986
Publ.Yr: 1986
Languages: ENGLISH
The Ontario Ministry of the Environment holds its annual Technology
Transfer Conference to report and publicize the progress made on
Ministry-funded environmental and health-related research projects. These
studies are carried out in Ontario universities and by private research
organizations. This booklet presents the abstracts of the papers presented
at Technology Transfer Conference, held in December 1986. The abstracts are
divided into five sections, corresponding to the conference sessions,
dealing with air quality research, water quality research, liquid and solid
waste research, analytical methods and instrument development as well as
environmental economics. (POLL)
02294557 Monthly Mb: EI8708085466
NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY POLICY ON THE ROLE OF GOVERtMNT IN
GEODESY.
Kaula, W. M.
Natl Geodetic Survey, Rockville, MD, USA
Source: Journal of Surveying Engineering v 112 n 2 Oct 1986 p 74-78
CQDEN: JSUED2 ISSN: 0733-9453
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article) Treatment: G; (General Review)
Journal Announcement: 8708
Most activities supported by geodesy are under state jurisdiction. But
the main governmental organization that is purely geodetic is federal: the
National Geodetic Survey (NGS). NGS (before 1970, as the U. S. Coast &
Geodetic Survey) established the fundamental network for the entire
country. In the last two decades the field operations of NGS have decreased
greatly, as its role has shifted to research and development, prescribing
standards and specifications, technology transfer, computations and
adjustments, and data base management. These trends are consistent with the
policy that the federal government should concentrate on activities that
are unique or national. The question is not so much government versus
private sector, but rather how much geodetic activity should be transferred
from the federal government to the states. (Author abstract)
(OCM)
25
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0175365 *85-001518
NEW YOBK STATE INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS RECYCLING PROGRAM: THE SECOND
YEAR
SIMPSON PICKETT T.
NEW YORK STATE ENV FACILITIES CORP,
MASSACHUSETTS DEFT ENV MANAGEMENT HAZARDOUS WASTE SOURCE REDUCTION CONF,
MA, CCT 13, 83, P227(22)
CONF FAPER:G THE NEW YORK STATE ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITIES CORP. IS REQUIRED
BY STATE LAW TO PROMOTE ACTIVITIES FOR REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF WASTE NEEDING
OFFSITE DISPOSAL. THE PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATION ENCOURAGES THE EXCHANGE OF
INDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIALS FOR RECYCLING, AND PROVIDES INDUSTRIES WITH
RELATED TECHNICAL DEFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE. PASSIVE AND ACTIVE WASTE
EXCHANGE EFFORTS ARE DETAILED, AS ARE INDUSTRIAL FINANCING AND TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER SCHEMES. (3 DIAGRAMS, 5 TABLES, )
(ENV)
0150092 *81-003042
TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY IN PACIFIC SEAWEED RESEARCH
HUNT JEFFREY W.
WINDWARD (XMYB3NTTY COLLEGE,
PRESENTED AT PACIFIC AREA & CALIF SEA GRANT PROGRAMS PACIFIC SEAWEED
AQUACULTURE SYM, CALIF, MAR 6-8, 80, P164 (7)
TECHNICAL FEATURE: THERE IS A CRITICAL NEED TO TRANSFER ALGAL RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY TO A WIDER SPECTRUM OF USERS IN THE PACIFIC REGION. THE
O3MMUNICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS IS VITAL FOR THE SUCCESS OF MARICULTURE
APPLIGATiaNS. CLEARINGHOUSES OF ALGAL RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY MUST BE
ESTABLISHED TO FACILITATE SUCH INFORMAnON TRANSFER. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1 TABLE)
(ENV)
26
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V.
A. lABCEfcTORIES/RESEAKCH CENTERS
87011032
Federal Tahs Share Their Technology with Business
Scott, Stanley; McCain, Gary; Lincoln, Douglas
Marketing News v21n5 PP: 30-31 Feb 27,. 1987 CCDEN:. MKNWKT ISSN:
0025-3790 JRNL CODE: MSW
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 2 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFOFM
Federal laboratories spent about $18 billion annually on research that
should be a fertile field for ideas that business could develop into new
technologies. Federal legislation enacted in 1980 requires federal
laboratories to appoint officers to encourage technology transfer, and some
federal labs were granted permission to cooperate in research with
universities. Recent legislation gives some contractors at federal labs
exclusive rights to inventions, with the prerogative to license them under
certain circumstances. Still, an estimated 95% of the work produced in
federal labs has not been available for commercial development. One
positive example of cooperation is the Idaho National Engineering
Laboratory (USED near Idaho Falls. It joined with Boise State University,
University of Idaho, and Idaho State University in technology development
and other research pertinent to USEL's mission. Sources for information
developed through federally funded research include the federal Laboratory
Consortium newsletter and the Office of Research and Technology
Applications at any federal laboratory.
(ABI)
87008745
Uncle Sam, Research Director
Finegan, Jay
Inc. V9n2 PP: 23-26 Feb 1987 ISSN: 0162-8968 JRNL CODE: INO
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 3 Pages
AVATLABrLTTY: ABI/INFCKM
The federal government's 400 national laboratories have some 200,000
engineers working with the most sophisticated equipment and an annual
budget of about $20 billion. These labs also have a new mandate to share
their information with US businesses. The labs range from the
internationally prominent to the obscure. The lab that perhaps has the most
clear-cut mandate to share its research and technology with private
industry is the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). However, private
firms have been wary of collaboration. For example, the Sealed Insulating
27
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Glass Manufacturers Association turned down an opportunity to collaborate
with the lab on a vacuum window because only large firms would have been
able to participate. Arun Madan, who left SERI to establish his own
company, questions the use of government funds to develop technology after
the technology has gone beyond the high risk stage. Still, Madan feels that
the government needs to encourage the development of technology when it is
in its early stages. (ABI)
1044942 FB84-155266
Federal and Industrial R and D (Research and Development):
Locational Structures, Economic Effects and Interrelationships
(Sumnary rept. (Final))
Malecki, E. J.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman.
Corp. Source Codes: 006843000
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Report No.: NSF/PRA-83034
Oct 83 27p
Languages: English
NITS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8409
Country of Publication: united States
Contract No.: NSF-PRA80-19861
Principal findings are presented of a study of the individual and
interacting locational structures of Federal and industrial research and
development (R&D) in the United States and their effects on regional
economic development. The Federal Government funds approximately two-thirds
of all basic research in the United states, and industry less than
one-fifth. Industry concentrates its funds on product and process
development, while nearly half of all Federal R&D goes to industrial firms,
mostly for development. Federally-funded R&D is concentrated in the Pacific
states, while 64 percent of industrial R&D takes place in the Middle
Atlantic, East North Central, and Pacific regions. Seven factors are
identified as determinants of regional levels of technological activity and
the generation of new economic activity: (1) regional industrial mix; (2)
regional mix of activities in the product life cycles; (3) level of
university research; (4) infrastructure; (5) capital availability; (6)
regional history of new-firm formation; and (7) government R&D and high
technology procurement in the region. (NITS)
28
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82014160
Problems and Opportunities in Technology Transfer from the
National Laboratories to Industry
Morone, Joseph; Ivins, Richard
* Research Mgmt v25n3 FP: 35-44 May 1982 CODEN: RESMA3
ISSN: 0034-5334 JRNL CCDE: RM3
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 10 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFORM
An overview of technology transfer within the US since the 1950s is
presented. Technology transfer falls into 2 broad categories: 1. transfer
of technologies developed in national laboratories to industry for spinoff
applications, and 2. transfer of technologies developed for industrial
application. In order for technology transfer to be fully implemented,
fundamental changes in the interactions between industry, government, and
national labs must take place. Changes needed in the transfer of spinoff
technologies include: 1. promotion of interaction between industry and lab
scientists, 2. provision of goods and services by labs, 3. nurturance of
spinof f firms, and 4. modification of Department of Energy patent
practices. For transfer of market technologies, necessary changes include:
1. allocation of projects so as to reduce the need for technology transfer,
and 2. implementation of projects based upon industry interest. References.
(ABI)
82015676
Technology Transfer from Government Laboratories to Industry:
Canadian Experience in the Connunications Sector
Bhaneja, B.; Lyrette, J.; Davies, T. W.; Dohoo, R. M.
R & D Mgmt (UK) Vl2n2 PP: 53-59 Apr 1982 ISSN: 0033-6807
JRNL CODE: RED
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 7 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCRM
The technology transfer process itself can be divided into 2 phases:
invention and innovation. The innovation phase generally involves product
engineering, prototype development, field trials, and pilot testing. Eight
innovations from Canada's Department of Comnunications (DOC) were selected
for examination. Two rounds of interviews were done with DOC scientists,
engineers, and research managers who had worked on the development of the
technological innovations. The examination indicated several of the factors
important to the technology transfer process: 1. perceived need for
technology, 2. effective transfer mechanisms, 3. greater receptivity of
small-to-medium-sized high technology companies to federal technology, 4.
29
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support of top management, 5. role of Canadian Patents and Development
Ltd., 6. availability of funds, 7. personnel satisfaction and continuity,
and 8. closer consultation between the Department of Supply and Services
and federal laboratories. Table. (ABI)
0974991 DE83003036
Federal Technology Transfer to the Public Sector in the
'80fS: Application from Hawaii. Federal Laboratory
Consortium for Technology Transfer (FLC)
Richards, G. T.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 068147000; 9513035
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Report No.: UCRL-87433; CCNF-8203104-1
1982 13p
American society for public administration national conference, Honolulu,
HI, USA, 21 Mar 1982.
Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding
NITS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8314; NSA0800
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: W-7405-ENG-48
Better utilization of science and technology developed by the federal
government has always been a goal of both the public and private sectors.
Historically, the commercialization process of this government research has
been a slow, tedious one, relying primarily on the private sector's ability
to search-out and extract desired information while operating from outside
of the government structure. The Federal Laboratory Consortium for
Technology Transfer (FLC) was designed to help facilitate this transfer
process by providing an access channel and internal assistance for both
public and private sector potential users. The FLC provides a systematic
approach to improve the utilization of our technology and shorten the time
required for the process to complete its cycle. Public Law 96-480
establishes the requirement for the federal government to support domestic
technology transfer, and the FLC provides a vehicle for the government to
be responsive to the intent of the law. (ERA citation 08:011545)
(NTIS)
30
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857204 UCRL-15342
Private Sector Technology Transfer. Final Report
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Corp. Source Cedes: 068147000; 9513035
Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Jan 81 12p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8121; NSA0600
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: W-7405-ENG-48
It was the purpose of this project to design and operate a service within
the Santa Clara Chamber of Conmerce which could represent the private
sector in the Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) technology-transfer
process. It was also the purpose of this project to experimentally
demonstrate the value of technology transfer and utilization to the private
sector and small-business contnunity. The basic premise of the Technology
Action Center (TAG) is that successful technology transfer requires active
participation on the part of both the technology supplier and user. The
technology suppliers within the Federal government are represented by the
FLC. The TAG is designed to effectively represent the potential user of
Federally developed technology. The Chamber of Commerce was chosen as a
sponsoring agency to achieve economy of scale as well as to eliminate any
chance of providing an unfair advantage to individual firms concerning the
utilization of government-developed technology. The project was initiated
in the summer of 1978 and has been in operation since that time. The
results of the TAC's efforts have been mixed. When specific requests have
been received by the TAC Coordinator, the process has worked well and the
potential user has been happy with the results. The single most-apparent
failure of the project has been its inability to develop a sustained
increase in User Demand which is essential to the TAC's success. Project
description, status, and evaluation are presented briefly, followed by
conclusions and recommendations. (ERA citation 06:018733)
(NTIS)
80011690
Small Business and the Transfer of Technology
Sobczak, Thomas V.
* Computers & People v29n5,6 PP: 13-15,19 May/Jun 1980 CODEN: CPLEAQ
ISSN: 0361-1442 JRNL CCDE: CAA
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCKM
31
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Tremendous resources of technology which can be acted upon to produce
new products and new profits are available. There are 300,000 small
businesses capable of performing as the agents of transfer. What is absent
is a definite program, aimed at the level of small business, which makes it
worthwhile for a small business to consider the investment. Government
leaders need to examine the structure of the Federal Republic of Germany
and Japan. The goals of technology transfer should be common to small
business and government. These include- the following: I. to furnish
increased incentives for the most qualified firms without discrimination
based on size, 2. to increase standardization and interoperatability to
provide new production sources to government, 3. to improve the balance of
trade by developing at hone that which has been developed abroad in the
past, 4. to increase profitability of the small business, 5. to increase
competition and consequently lessen expenses in development and acquisition
in the national interest. Finally, small business needs financing, and the
ability to apply existing resources of the firm should be the collateral
for receipt of federal funds. References. (ABI)
842843 PB81-176190
Federal laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer,
Technical Information
(Final rept.)
Linsteadt, George F.
Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA.
Corp. Source Codes: 020165000
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Office of Planning
and Resources Management.
Report No.: NSF/RA-800446
Apr 80 131p
See also FB-281 677.
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8116
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NSF-ISP76-08929
The Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) is an informal organization of
approximately 200 of the largest Federal government research and
development (R & D) laboratories and centers. These laboratories and
centers represent 11 Federal agencies. Each FLC member or group of members
supports a Technology Transfer Representative who, in addition to
representing his or her own laboratory, maintains contact with other
research institutions and other Federal, private, and public agencies, thus
forming a national network of individuals dedicated to technology transfer.
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The main objective of this effort is to provide a framework for the
application of unique mission agency Federal laboratory capabilities to
nationally defined problems so that publicly funded R & D resources are
more widely available, particularly to private sector small business,
universities, and state and local governments. The work accomplished thus
far has provided the FLC baseline experience in the organizational aspects
of a formalized technology transfer activity. It has solidified a number of
general conclusions and provided focus on a number of future requirements
essential to the development and operation of an effective FLC.
(LISA)
80006659
Technology Transfer from Governnent Laboratories to Industrial
Markets
Comer, James M.; O'Keefe, Robert D.; Chilenskas, Al A.
Industrial Marketing Mgmt v9nl PP: 63-67 Feb 1980 CODEN: DfllADX
ISSN: 0019-8501 JRNL CCDE: IMM
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCRM
The interface between marketing and research & development (R&D) was
explored to show the relationship that must be developed and maintained so
that successful technology transfer is assured. The case used in the
investigation of this relationship concerned the development of the
lithium-sulfide battery which was proceeding in response to a projected
need for alternative energy sources.Because alternative energy sources have
become a national policy issue, joint projects are expected to increase in
numbers and to be on far larger scales. As the battery project progressed
further into the applications engineering phase, the interactions between
the R&D and marketing functions of the consortium were expected to be even
more frequent than they had been. The relationships were perceived by the
participants to have been beneficial to all concerned. While the project
may serve as a harbinger of the future, its interorganizational
relationships can be profitably studied to guide the process of scientific
and technical innovations by similar consortia. Chart. References.
(ABI)
33
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V.
B. SEMES
182743 87-4515 Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA.)
Calming the nerves that guide the hand: state activities
to manage information
Amico, Lorraine
* Government Publications Review
SOURCE: 14 (1) 1987, 45-60. illus. tables. 33 refs
Examines interagency activities that oversee and manage information
production and use at the state level. A 50-state survey was conducted by
the National Governors' Association (NGA) in Dec 83 and updated in Dec 85.
49 states responded to the 1983 structured telephone interview and 35
states responded to the 1985 mailed questionnaire. Evidence suggests that
emerging state efforts to manage information fall along a continuum that
ranges from agency-specific to formalised central management activities.
These activities have been of increasing interest as the federal role has
shifted, state responsibilities have expanded and technological advances
continue to be made. (LISA)
1016997 PB84-100338
State Science, Engineering and Technology Program in NOrth
Carolina
(Final rept. Sep 80-Mar 82)
North Carolina Office of the Governor, Raleigh.
Corp. Source Codes: 069773000
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Report No.: NSF/ISP-83008
Jul 83 lOp
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8401
Country of Publication: united States
Contract No.: NSF-CDP80-19578
The organizational arrangements, goals, and objectives of the North
Carolina Board of Science and Technology are described. The Board's nine
major program areas are examined: (1) research and development; (2)
scientific equipment, personnel, and facilities; (3) institutional support
for economic development; (4) environmental management; (5) human resources
development; (6) local government-related research; (7) public
understanding of science; (8) small grants program; and (9) exploration of
new fields. Attention is focused on three specific projects: the School of
Science and Mathematics, the Microelectronics Center, and the Biotechnology
Center. An excerpt is presented from an address by Governor Hunt which
states that the center for technological innovation must shift from the
Federal government to state governments. (NITS)
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82023907
Federally Funded R&D: New Opportunities in Tennessee
Postma, Herman
Survey of Business vlSnl PP: 10-15 Surrmer 1982 CODEN: SUBUDY ISSN:
0099-0973 JRNL OCDE: SOU
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 5 Pages
AVAHAKLLITY: ABI/INFORM
In the US, research and development (R&D) is a very big business at both
the state and the national levels. In 1981, nearly $77 billion was spent on
R&D in the US, with about 50% funded by the federal government and 50% by
private industry. For years, federally funded R&D in Tennessee has had both
direct and indirect economic benefits for the state and its people.
Realizing the importance of R&D to the economy, Congress has recently
enacted several bills to speed the transfer of technology to the
marketplace. These acts have set the stage for more innovation, easier
granting of patent rights, and additional financial stimuli for performing
research and transferring the resultant technology. The majority of R&D
performed in Tennessee is funded by the federal government at the rate of
about $800 million a year. During the past decade, federal R&D funds to
Tennessee institutions have grown 15% annually. Access to federal
facilities has eased in the past 2 years, for universities and industries
that want to perform R&D with a potential commercial impact. R&D in
Tennessee has had additional benefits in spin-offs, ancillary developments,
and acquisition of new industries. Table.
(ABI)
946088 PB83-125898
The New England Innovation Group, Profile of Origin,
Objectives and Accomplishments
Rhode Island League of Cities and Towns, Providence.
Corp. Source Codes: 075829000
Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Office of Planning
and Resources Management.
Report Mb.: NSF/ISP-82030
May 82 22p
Languages: English
NITS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8304
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: NSF-ISP80-24008
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The New England Innovation Group (NETG) is a six-state intergovernmental
science and public technology program. Its organizational structure seeks
to insure that technology and innovation will continue to be offered to
local governments throughout the United States when unforeseen factors,
such as reduced financial support from the Federal government and
unfavorable economic conditions weaken interest in innovation. NEIG has
focused its technology utilization activities in these areas of need: (1)
energy management; (2) economic/community development; (3) communication
and information exchange/networking; and (4) policy management assistance.
Project accomplishments are reported in magazine and news articles, media
presentations, lectures, and congressional testimony. Examples of NEIG's
technology utilization projects include: NEIG/Rhode Island Foundation
Energy Management Demonstration Program; an economic development program to
assist the jewelry industry; and energy management of municipal lighting.
(NTIS)
80015373
Organization and Evaluation of the Texas Energy Extension
Service
Riter, Stephen
Energy Gannunications v6nl PP: 41-51 1980 CGDEN: ENCGDM ISSN:
0097-8159 JRNL CODE: ENC
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper IANGUAGE: English
AVTVUABILnY: ABI/INFCKM
The Texas Energy Extension Service (EES) is one of the 10 pilot programs
funded by the US Department of Energy to test methods for transferring
energy-related technologies and techniques to small energy users. The Texas
EES is organized into area office operations and special audience programs,
with the former being located in 5 of the state's largest cities and the
latter reaching geographically dispersed audiences which either use
significant amounts of energy or are able to influence energy use in other
sectors.The area offices serve small energy users such as individuals,
small businesses and industry, and public institutions; the special
audience programs include activities for rural low income people, financial
institutions, hospitals, building construction professionals,
manufacturers, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) engineers,
and city government leaders. Evaluation of the program indicates that
university faculty have provided useful assistance to small energy users,
that assistance is likely to be transferred into actions, and that those
actions will save energy. Table. References.
(ABI)
37
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V. PERSPECTIVES
C. UNIVERSITIES
86012019
Technology Transfer at the University of Washington
Baldwin, Donald R.
Jrnl of the Society of Research Administrators v!7n4 PP: 13-26 Spring
1986 ISSN: 0038-0024 JRNL OCDE: SEA
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 14 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCRM
Technology transfer involves the conversion of research results into
commercial products, processes, or services covered by patents or license
arrangements. Technology transfer requires: 1. a favorable and uniformly
applied federal patent policy, 2. well-publicized university policies with
appropriate incentives, and 3. a variety of models of university-industry
interaction. The University of Washington studied these areas in order to
develop a new technology transfer initiative, which began in 1981. To
enhance interactions with industry, the university uses 5 different
university-industry interaction models, including a state technology
center, industrial affiliate programs, consortia, exchange programs, and
contract research. Both the university and the industry expect benefits,
such as: 1. Industry will benefit with new technologies to license and
access to expertise available on campus. 2. The university benefits from
funding for research and collaboration with industrial scientists. Tables.
Appendix. (ABI)
85036173
Research Applications and Technology Transfer
Bremer, Howard W.
Jrnl of the Society of Research Administrators v!7n2 PP: 53-65 Fall
1985 ISSN: 0038-0024 JRNL CCDE: SRA
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 13 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFCRM
Universities have been involved in technology transfer primarily through
publication of research results, technical consultantships, and continuing
education programs. Prospects for technology transfer through patenting
activities were relatively limited prior to the US Patent and Trademark
Amendments Act of 1980 (PL96-517), which granted universities the right to
license patents generated through government-supported research. Most
university inventions are of an embryonic nature and require substantial
financial resources for commercial development and marketing. Under
PL96-517, universities can engage in patent licensing agreements with
39
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industry so that university inventions can be brought to conmercial
application. The present paper examines university patent policies and the
patent licensing arrangements possible for universities under FL96-517,
including option agreements, traditional exclusive and nonexclusive
licensing, and licensing for research consortia. References.
(ABI)
82018142
Technology Transfer at Issue: The Academic Viewpoint
Gray, Paul E.
* TEKF. Spectrum Vl9n5 PP: 64-68 May 1982 CCDEN: TKF.SAM ISSN:
0018-9235 JRNL
CODE: SPC
DOC TYPE: Journal Paper LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 5 Pages
AVAILABILITY: ABI/INFOHM
The growing concern in the federal government that the "leaking" of
technical material and ideas to other countries impairs national security
has caused the US to take a new and vigorous interest in controlling the
flow of technology outside its borders. However, specific efforts taken to
control technology transfer in the university setting are themselves likely
to weaken the US position, and thus do not serve the national interest.
This is so because such constraints on research will discourage many
faculties from undertaking that research. The quality and integrity of
research are anchored in its nature as a dispersed, interdependent, and
cumulative effort which is dependent on the free flow of information to
thrive. The question of technology transfer has been addressed by 5
university presidents heavily involved in research in a letter to the
secretaries of commerce, defense, and state. Admiral Bobby Inman of the
Central Intelligence Agency proposed a system of voluntary prior review in
such fields as: 1. computer hardware and software, 2. lasers, 3. electronic
equipment, 4. crop production, and 5. manufacturing procedures. An
alternative approach to Inman's proposals would draw a much narrower list
of areas to be protected. References.
(ABI)
40
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OTHER TITLES AVAILABLE FROM THE EPA BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERIES:
1. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, by Michael Bouchard.
June 1985. EPA/IMSD-85-002. PB86-139375/AS.
2. INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. by Brigid Rapp.
November 1985. EPA/IMSD-85-003. PB87-185997/AS.
3. ESTUARINE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, by Brigid Rapp.
November 1985. EPA/IMSD-85-004. PB87-186268/AS.
4. ASBESTOS IN SCHOOLS, by Michelle Shaio-lan Lee.
February 1985. EPA/IMSD-86-001. PB87-186227/AS.
5. INDOOR RADON POLLUTION, by Mary Hoffman.
May 1986. EPA/IMSD-86-002. PB87-186235/AS.
6. CHEMICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND PREVENTION,
by Michelle Lee. December 1986.
EPA/IMSD-86-005. PB87-185583/AS.
7. RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION: A GUIDE TO
SELECTED SOURCES, by Geraldine Nowak & Richard Johnson.
March 1987. EPA/IMSD-87-002. PB87-185500/AS.
UPDATE, by Lisa Young. May 1987.
EPA/IMSD-87-002a. PB87-203402/AS.
SECOND UPDATE, by Lisa Young. August 1987.
EPA/IMSD-87-002b. PB88-100102/AS.
THIRD UPDATE, by Lisa Young. October 1987.
EPA/IMSD-87-002C. PB88-128178/AS.
VOLUME 2, NUMBER l, by Lisa Thompson. March 1988.
EPA/IMSD-88-002a.
8. WASTE MINIMIZATION: HAZARDOUS AND NON-HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE
(1980 TO PRESENT), by Sheila Richard.
September 1987. EPA/IMSD-87-007. PB88-163787/AS.
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