PB-213 386
INVESTIGATION OF ODOR CONTROL IN THE RENDERING INDUSTRY
D. M. Doty, et al
Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Incorporated
Prepared for:
Environmental Protection Agency
October 1972
DISTRIBUTED BY:
National Technical Information Service
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151
This document has been approved for public release and sale.
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Table 3
INCINERATOR COST SUMMARY
Reactor
Flow,
CFM
1,000
5,000
25,000
Reduction
Ratio Odor
Concentration
100
1,000
100,000
100
1,000
100,000
100
1,000
100 , 000
Residence
Temp. ,
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1069
1186
1236
1069
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1111
1069
1082
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Time,
sec
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1.5
Volume,
cu ft
33
36
52
164
237
362
885
1276
1952
Investment,
$
12,500
13,000
15,200
24 , 500
28,500
34,000
49 , 500
57 , 600
68,800
Costs
Fuel*
S/Year
3,150
3,570
3,753
15,700
16,000
16,500
87,000
88,500
91,300
Total
S/Year
6,400
6,950
7,703
22,540
23,800
25,700
103,000
106,500
112,300
$/1000
CFM-Hr
1.28
1.39
1.55
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1.03
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Table 6
INTERFACIAL AREAS FOR ABSORPTION,
DESORPTION, AQUEOUS LIQUIDSt
lor gascv of deniiiv appro\iimuing 0.075 Ib/ciifl, and below loading, aAW ~ mC^L*. for other
Wnt.s, Mihstitutc C (0.075//>,.)"•" jar (1. (Nol<>: The original data cover L' up to 4,500lbl(hr)(stf ft).
f\irapolat ton to L' - 7,500 /wv hcen suggested? )
Packing
Raschig
rings
Berl
saddles
Sue,
in.
0.5
1.5
2
0.5
It
1.5J
Range of L*,
lb/(lu)(sqft)
500 1,500
1,500 4,500
500 1,500
1 ,500 4,500
500-1,500
1,50(M,500
500 1,500
1,500^,500
500-1,500
1,500-4,500
500-1,500
1,500-4,500
500-1,500
1,500-4,500
m
8,200
9.32
0.274
463
1.82
4.85
0.401
0.95
0.0336
2.54
15.89
238
0.613
465
n
3.15(10 >)L' -0.30
0.151(10 ')// 4 0.148
0
0.528(10 «)L' -0.0793
0.675(10 ')/.' - 0.1013
0.148(10 4)t' -0.022
0
0
0.0529
0.0529
0.686(IO-'U/ 0.1029
0.420(10 ')£' - 0.0630
0.0508
0.325(10 ••)£' 0.0996
P
-1.04
0.111
0.552
-0.47
0.274
0.140
0.481
0.362
0.761
0.170
0
-0.359
0.455
-0.1355
t Data of Shulman el al.
\ For C' 800 lb/(hr)(sq ft) only.
Figs. 16 and 17.
For higher values, see Shulman, AlChEJ,, 1, 253 (1955),
Source: (Ref. E-6)
41
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42
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Table 8
CHARACTERISTICS OF RANDOM PACKINGS1
Packing
Raschig rings:
Ceramic:t
(•
r
"i.
Metal.
' ,i-m. wall:
(,
f
",.
' iii-ni. wall'
( ,
<
5
0.78
190
380
0 61
142
s/4
380
0.68
100
258
290
*i
255
0.73
80
185
0.88
83.5
230
0.78
71.8
1 - '
•)7
0X8
no
71
0902
131.2
130
0.77
102
170
0.66
82
1
160
0.73
58
115
0.92
62.7
145
085
56.7
. —
52
090
63.0
48
0938
66.3
98
0775
78
110
0.69
76
l',4
125
0.74
45
110
0.87
49.3
P,l
95
0.71
38
82
O.l>0
41.2
32
0.905
39
28
0.953
48.1
52
0.81
59.5
65
0.75
44
2
65
0.74
28
57
0.92
31.4
_
25
0.91
31
20
0964
36.6
40
0.79
36
45
0.72
32
3
37
0.78
19
37
0.95
20.6
—~~—~ —
3'/,
, _
16
23.4
rcllcrettes.f '-4 •, 2 in., plastic:
Hieli density:
C, 57
€ O.H7
Low density:
C, - 65
( " 0.83
t Table from the United Stales Stoneware Company. Data are for wet dumped packing in 16- and
30-in. ID towers.
t Nominal si?e and wall thickness, in inches, for ceramic Raschig rings arc, respectively, \i, '/•«;
§ Teller and Ford: Ind. Eng. Chtm., SO, 1201 (1958),
Source: (Ref. E-6)
43
-------
Table 9
t
PRiSSSURE-DROP EQUATION FOR [PARTICLE PACKING
TYPE OF PACKING
INTALOX SADDLES
RASCHIG RINGS
BERL SADDLES
PALL RINGS
PALL RINGS
RASCHIG RINGS
^2 WALL
RASfHIG RINGS
Me WALL
MAT'L
CERAMIC
CERAMIC
CERAMIC
PLASTIC
METAL
METAL
METAL
<7
P
9
0
Q
ff
C7
0
V
0
g
0
Q
0
k
NOMINAL PACKING SIZE (INCHES)
|
4
1.04
037
1.96
056
1.16
047
159
029
|
1.31
0.39
0.43
0.17
120
0.28
1.01
039
*
0.52
025
082
0.36
0.56
0.25
0.80
0.30
1
052
0(6
053
022
0.53
0.16
O22
0.14
015
015
0.53
0.19
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•jteel
tiays
- Sieve fay towers
Tiirboqnd troy towers
- steel
P.irked to*ors
lined stetl -
-Glo-.s-lined itcol
-t
J,w 1967
»»
(Ref. F-8)
Figure 7
COST OF TOWERS INCLUDING INSTALLATION AND AUXILIARIES
47
-------
To««f diomtlw, 24 In
IB in
K' m
tim
»t«el Roscnigrmgs
lowc diameter,
,'.» in
IB ,n
I
I, in Jon
Reproduced from
best available copy.
Figure 8
(Ref. F-8)
COST OF STEEL RASCHIG-RING TOWER PACKINGS
1 • 11 Vj - in ciromic Knschig ring*
Towtr diomtttr, 24 in -^
18 in-^ -x.
in
6 in
2»? « %-ln ceramic Roschiq rings
Tower diameter, 24 in
18 in-
12 in-
6 in .
1O
20 30
Shell length,ft
Figure 9
COST OF CERAMIC RASCHIG-RING TOWER PACKINGS
48
-------
I-m Rnl saddles
Tower dinmrter, L"1 in
18 in
~- in. Deri saddles
Tower diome'er.
?4in.
18 in.
20 30
Shell length, ft
(Ref. F-8)
Figure 10
COST OF BERL-SADDLE TOWER PACKINGS
49
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EXHIBIT-Z
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: SEPT. 27,1966
SPRAY PARTICLE SI IT VS -*RESSURE|
Figure 12
WHIRLJET NOZ'. £S
CAPACITIES .5 THRU 1206PM
BASED ON W/ »TR AT 70** F
-il'i _T:'
__J —I
PRESSURE »F?SI.G. i
UTiTi '
11825-9
3?ftAYllG SYSTEMS CO.
56
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collide and coalesce. This effect is computed to see if it is
significant, but is not compensated for. In addition the drop-
lets can settle and collect on the floor of the scrubber. The
terminal settling velocity of 400 urn droplets in air Is 3 ft/sec.
This velocity cannot be directly applied to the turbulent flow
conditions of the scrubber, but it suggests that the performance
will be reduced if the contact time is more than a few seconds.
6. 2 Nomenclature for Spray Scrubber
T Absolute temperature, °R
a Area available for mass transfer,
2 3
surface area of drops, ft /ft
0 Contact time of drops in scrubber, hr
2
Diff Diffusivity of odorant vapor in air, ft /hr
Nn Drop concentration at scrubber nozzles,
3
number/ ft
N, Drop concentration at scrubber outlet, number/ ft
d Drop diameter, mean, jjin (micrometers)
ddroo Drop diameter, |_im
a Drop diameter, ft
L Flow of liquid per nozzle, gal/min
n o z
V Gas velocity in scrubber, ft/hr
Z Height of scrubber, ft
Y Inlet concentration, mol fraction
or partial pressure of odorant
X, Length of a scrubber stage, ft.
3
L Liquid flow rate, ft /hr
L Liquid flow per nozzle, gal/min
X Log of odor reduction ratio
2
k Mass transfer coefficient, Ib-mol/hr-ft -atm
O
u Mean drop/velocity relative to gas,
turbulent velocity, ft/sec
o
GM .Molar gas flow rate, , Ib-mol/hr-ft
v ' Molar gas volume, 359 cu ft
n-. Number of collisions per drop per sec
58
-------
N Number of nozzles per sq ft of
oza r
scrubber cross section
N Number of nozzles per stage
noz r °
Y Outlet concentration of odorant
T Temperature of gas stream, °R
CFM Total air flow, cu ft/min
Gpro Total liquid flow, gal/min
PT Total pressure, atm
e Volume fraction of space filled with drops.
6. 3 Design Equations
6.3.1 Spray Droplet Area
2 3
To compute a = spray area, ft droplets/ft of air
drop diameter = d , mn (about 400
drop volume = g 2540QPx 12 I ft (38)
/ d '" 9
dr°P area = n 25400Px 12 ; ft
drop area = 6 x 25400 x 12
drop volume 3 (jam)
6.3.2 Volume of Spray
Liquid flow
L - Lnoz nle x Nnoz nozzles
= ft3 liquid/hr
59
I/ft (40)
x ft. x 7.481 Ib x ,n min
x x - — 60 Hr~ (4D
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-------
Table 13
LIST OF ODORANTS FOR SCRUBBING TESTS
Sulfides
n-Propyl sulfide (dipropyl sulfide)
Dimethyl disulfide (methyl sulfide)
Propylene sulfide
Amines
Trimethylamlne
Tert-butylamine
n-Butylamine
Dimethyl pyrazine
Quinoline
Acids
Butyric
Aldehydes
n-Pentanal (n-valeric aldehyde)
Alcohol
n-Pentanol (n-amyl alcohol)
Ketone
Butandione (diacetyl)
Unsaturated Alkane
Heptadiene 2,5
(simulant for dimethyl pentadiene)
Density,
MW g/cc
118.2 .839
94.19 1.057
59.11 gas
73.14 .698
73.14 .739
108.14 .990
129.15 1.095
88.1 .949
86.13 .819
88.15 .818
86.19 .981
96.17 .733
HP. °C BP. °C
142-3
116-8
-117.
-67.
-50.
15
-15.6
-47.
-92.
-78.9
-4.
2.9
45.2
77.8
155.
237.
155.
103.4
138.1
87-8
107.
AL SCRUBBING INVESTIGATIONS
£_|
2
at
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w
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ture data and reports of member companies, indicated
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O
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CO
CO
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with reactive liquids was the most promising method.
if
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XI
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therefore chosen for experimental study.
CO
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o
£
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mance and cost of. a scrubbing system depends partly
to
O
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ital Method
8
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: exploratory method a mixture of several
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:ted glass disperser. Air is drawn throuj
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01 > -rl 10
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process is repeated several times to est;
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to
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ampling is repeated several times. The r;
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cr
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ration before and after adding scrubbing
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odorant.
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t by this procedure, and only the reactiv:
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is measu:
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f each odorant added to the bubbler depen
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jj
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cr
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r-l
cient vapor pressure to obtain a reasonab
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01
to
to
01
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43
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chromatograph. Thus, amyl alcohol is
o>
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Ol
to
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a
and requires 20 mg, while propyl sulfide
01
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1— 1
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relative
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a
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measured
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d was slightly different in Table 18. Here the
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1 to
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Comparison of the results with those for water
TJ
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3
to
tO
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measure of the reduction ratio. The procedure
CO
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rH
r-4
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less accurate, although it was necessary for
^
rH
JJ
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CO
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CO
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water.
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eral amines were found in the rendering plant
CU
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definitely establishing their identity, experiments
JrJ
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CA
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h various representative butyl amines as well as
The formulas of these amines are shown in
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01 r-4
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-------
Table 16
EXPLORATORY EXPERIMENTS
REACTIONS OF ODORANTS WITH SCRUBBING LIQUIDS
Test:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amyl alcohol
Test:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sultJde
Aiiiyl alcohol
Test:
Valeraldeln'de
Propyl fulnde
Amyl alcohol
Test:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amyl alcohol
Test:
ValF.ral'iehjde
Propyl .^ulfide
Amyl .ilcoh.jl
Te^t :
V..u et uldehydc
Propy] ,11! fide
Amyl o I C' •*!'•> I
1 ^ mm. pe c< r. )
17 nun. pe<_ ' *
Tes t :
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfidt
Amyl alcohol
15 mm.
17 mm.
Test:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amyl alcohol
17 nun.
Test:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amyl alcohol
1.8 min.
Concentrations in Effluent Air
from Bubbler -
Arbitrary Units (3 x own)
Water
1
110
1248
55
Water
j
22
7B75
153
Wa'-er
1
15
9288
Wat ..i
*. •*
f.-i -,
Water
I
75
lb"/5
523
water
1
558
10 1
Water
1
33
435
21 1
Water
1
32
1540
200
Water
1
32
1510
147
97
596
53
2
7
19-.8
73
2
, 9"
IH-t
110
2
10
lib
'23
2
62
1320
657
2
23
271
102
2
28
201
177
2
41
1038
229
2
29
995
181
3 4
92 95
506 394
50 55
Nitric Acid Added
(5%)
3 4 56
9 15 6 7
778 61 49
100 J23 6J 59
Hydrochloric Acid Added
j 4 l>
14 10 13
43-* 70 4 1
116 68 77
ocdium Hydroxide Added (5%)
"71 ?
119* 14
Sodium Carbonate Added (5%^
345
78 62 77
713 378 263
811 663 770
Hypochlorite (1%)
3 4
23 2
85 0
168 210
small
small
Hypgchlunte Added (1%)
3 4 5
22* 2 1
tr 00
242 107 152
small
small
Hypochlorite Added (.5%)
23 9
tr 0
149 141
small
Potassium Permanganate (.6%)
3 4 X^tlSp
tr tr ./ ^y
0 tr ./«« ^tf&r
102 229 s^^*/
Reduction bv Reauent
Nearly constant effluent
Gradually vaporizes
Nearly constant effluent
Decreased within expt .
error
90%
40%
Ncne
50-90%
Slight
90%
Increased
None
Uncertain
None
90%
99+
None
90%
99+
None
75%
99+
25%?
99+
99+
None
16 min.
18 min.
80
-------
Table 16 (cont.)
I'ef •
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amy) alcohol
Teal :
ValeiaJdehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amyl alocho'
Tejt :
V.jlei uldehyde
fropyi sulfide
Amyl alcohol
"'«£' .
Vale .ildehy.te
lji on1 l vjl l i Je
fan) 1 a l<_"hoJ
Ttf¥t :
Val er.j !c~X de
Pror-y ' -=ulf ide
Aruy ' !• 1 "ch' 1
Te- ' :
V'jlf-4. aldehyde
I'ropyl ..M! fide
Amyl tJ]( '-'in i
Test:
Vdleralaelr, ue
Propyl au! 1 ide
Amyl alcohol
Test-:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Aniyl alcohol
Test:
Valeraldehyde
Propyl sulfide
Amy! .''"oliol
Test:
'v'aleraldehyde
Propyl fulfide
Amyl alcohol
Concentrations In Effluent Air
from Bubbler -
trbii-rarv Units (3 X DDin)
Water
1
65
1970
758
Water
1
61
690
433
Water
1
6C
1361
-,-»9
Wetter
1
62
1H19
Water
~90
2510
758
Water
1
89
2616
7,3
Water
1
70
2277
735
Water
1
41
1269
281
Water
1
42
1475
249
Water
1
90
904
515
2
43
893
563
2
65
366
507
2
hi
49 'J
0b
r,66
"~89
1256
825
Copper
3
24
197
242
3
•U
396
310
Barium
3
41
489
307
3
70
372
515
4
6
1
407
Water l~l%)
4
69
636
-i 09
Sodium Persulfate Added (satd)
<1 s
b9 ~ ST
jl'i tr
5^5 501
Bisulfite Added (57*)
~6~~\
219
612
t\.rric Chloride Added (5%)
i 5 t
."3 86 80
76j -*02 236
902 893 910
Sal late ( r-%)
4
25
150
230
Copper Sulfate ( 5%) pHl
4 5
31 28
188 101
244 199
Chloride Added ( 5X)
4
37
251
307
Aluminum Chloride Added (5%)
4 5
68 81
169 61
910 610
Reduction by Reaaent
98%
99+
Increased
90%
99+
None
None
None
None
20%
-99%
None
99 . 5%
None
None
None
None
None
70%
80%
70%
20%
Uncertain
Uncertain
None
None
None
None
None
None
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SCRUBBING OF BUTANEDIONE
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Material
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Table 23
SCRUBBING OF BUTYRIC ACID
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KDVATS INDICES OF CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS
ON CARBOWAX 20M COLUMN
MFTHANOL
ETHANOL
PROPANOL
ISOPROPANOL
BUTANOL
ISOBUTANOL
S-BUTANOL
T-BUTANOl.
CYCLOPROPYL CAPBINOL
PFNTANOL
ISOPENTANOL
2-PFNTANOL
3-PENTANOL
2-METHYL-l-BUTANOl.
3-MFTHYL-2-8UTANOL
2 ,2-DIMETHYL-l-PkOPANOL
HEXANOl
2-HCXANOL
3-HEXANOL
2-METHYL-l-PENTANOL
3-KETHYL-l-f'f N'AflOL
*-METHYL-l-PENTtr.OL
2-METHYL-2-PEN'A •!('•;.
3-MFTHYI-2-PFVTA' ( L
*-METHYL~2-PENTA'."L
2-METHYL-3-PFNT A'l'H
3-METHYL-3-PEf,TAM?l.
2-ETHYL-l-BUTANOL
2.2-DIMETHYL-l-t"'TANOL
2,3-OIVFTHYL-2-(UJTANCL
3,3-DIMETHYL-2-BUTANOL
HEPTANOL
2-HEPTANOL
3-HEPTANOL
*-HEPTANOL
2.2-DIMETHYL-l-PL.NTANOL
2.*-DI METHYL-3-PLNTANOL
3-ETHYL-3-PENTANOL
OCTANOL
2-OCTANOL
2-ETHYL-l-HEXANOL
2-ETHYL-*-METHYL-l-PENTANOL
NONANOL
CYCLOPENTANOL
CYLLOHEXANOL
2-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL
2-PROPEN-l-OL
2-PROPYN-l-OL
2-BUTEN-l-OL
3-BUTEN-l-OL
3-BUTEN-2-OL
2-METHYL-2-PROPEN-l-OL
3-PENTEN-l-OL
1-PENTEN-3-OL
l-PENTtN-*-OL
2-VETHYL-3-BUTEN-2-OL
2-METHYL-3-bUTYN-2-OL
?-MfHYL-l-PENTYN-3-OL
2-t:THYL-?-MFX!:N-!-OL
tTMVLrNf c-i. Yi-OL
1 ,2-PROPA».[ MCL
?.r-fu' AM '••(]!
--wcn.vL-1 ., -r .'CfANf OIOL
.' .' "iNTAMt !)!OL
2 >*-r>!'NTA*'l Dlri.
.'.2-DI MF-1 .3-PRf'°ANf LMOL
'.3-HFXANFDIOL
\ «6-Hf XANFOIOl
2-ME THY I -2.*-PlNTANt!MCL
3-METHYL-?.*-f'ENr<.> ! ni';L
3-METHYL-l ,5-PENT A-:r DICL
2,3-PIMb'TMYL-.', 3-U'JTANf DIOL
2 .*-HEPTANED|OL
1.2-OCTANEniOL
7-BUTCN-l ,4-OIOL
CMFTHYi. fHT C.IYCOL
FORMALITHYDI.
ACE1ALDEHYOI.
PROPIONALOEHYDt
Vg
1JO" 160'
vfl
12 .">
* • ?
10. «.
6.0
17.5
13.6
10.0
5.2
27.3
2R.°
24.0
1 5 . 4
15.2
23.9
9. "•
13.8
14.0
45 .9
25. 1
22.7
36. £
41 .4
je.e
!*.3
22.7
19.4
19. 1
15.9
38.1
2B.7
14.4
16.0
7*.l
36.3
3*. 6
32.9
*!.*
22.9
25.2
11?
62.9
64.*
67.8
181
38.9
64.1
68.7
14.6
39. P
25.0
20.5
12.3
23.0
33.6
18.6
17.6
10.3
19.2
30.0
106
1*7
121
270
177
228
*69
100
112
9*.l
7*2
181
291
1*3
115*
38*
1*3
254
966
81.3
358
987
77*
595
1.9
2.6
4.2
Bl.' ?
B^ 3
1000
863
1111
1055
9B6
857
12C3
1223
117fl
1085
1073
1177
975
105 7
107?
1331
1 >88
1 16fl
126!
1300
1295
1066
116*
1133
1126
K8?
1283
1216
1050
1094
1*3*
1267
1258
1307
1165
1191
1 54 *
1309
1*78
1*15
16*8
1287
1388
1*02
107*
1306
1 160
114?
1035
1171
1252
1127
1 109
996
1 1*«
12*1
601
666
766
84?
86'!
9Mf,
862
1 101
104'j
975
830
1201
121S
1 173
1073
1070
11 72
965
1048
1065
1321
1H.2
1160
1268
1297
1282
105t
1160
1 ! ?4
1 1?1
1080
1278
1213
105P
1093
1430
1?79
1256
124*
1297
1162
1183
1526
1303
1*60
1*10
1638
1283
1397
1*13
1061
1268
1 1B2
1137
102?
1163
1251
1116
1103
9B2
112?
1223
1518
1588
15**
173]
163?.
169?
1861
1500
1526
1*65
1970
1637
17*9
1582
2051
181*
15B3
1717
2022
1*52
1797
2025
1983
1917
630
690
78*
I SOBtJTYpnLf'I'MYDE
VALERALDFMVOI
I ",OVALER''LI)l HYDE
2 -ME THYLhUTYC ALDEHYDE
2.2-OIKETHYIPROPIONALDEHYDE
HEXANAL
HEPTANAL
2-ETH/LHEXANAL
ACROLFIN
MFTHACROLE IN
CROTONALDEHYOE
2-ETHYL-2-UUTENAL
2-ETHYL-2-HEXENAL
2.fc-HEXADIENAL
ACETONE
2-BUTANONF
2-PENTANONE
3-PENTANOME
3-METHYL-2-BUTANONE
2-HFXANONE
3-HEXANONE
3 -METHYL- 2-PENTANONE
A -METHYL- 2-PENTANONE
3 i J-DIMETHYL-2-BUTANONE
2-HEPTANONF
3-HEPTANONF
est available copy.
15.9
11.6
28.*
20. *
20.3
11.2
*9.3
83.9
88.1
13.0
16.0
*0.0
7*.*
158
25*
10.9
18.0
28.2
28.0
22.0
*9.3
*2.2
35.7
33.0
25.1
8*.}
72.3
63.0
36.0
32.9
1*6
2*0
185
92.8
166
23.1
62.3
30.6
66.2
2*. 6
38.9
103
7.3
11.0
19.5
13.1
33.5
25.3
23.1
56.3
37.6
39.7
102
2*. 9
399
630
11.*
15.6
25.7
16.5
**.!
31.9
27.7
17.*
79.3
61.1
**.5
**.!
32.*
136
53.1
100
232
2*7
211
16.0
33.6
27.0
91.0
357
210
J06
17.6
23.*
36.0
23.9
6.6
5.3
11 .2
8.*
8.*
5.0
18.0
28.0
29.1
5.7
7.0
1*.8
25.8
*9.1
72.8
4.9
7.*
1C. 7
10.5
8.8
17.3
15.0
1*.2
12.7
10.?
26.1
2*.l
21.6
l*.l
12.7
*2.7
70.7
5*. 6
32.0
5*. 7
9.3
21.*
11.9
23.0
9.*
13.7
36.*
3.2
*.8
7.8
5.*
12.2
9.6
9.1
l*.l
1*.2
31.3
9.6
150
*.8
6.3
9.7
6.6
15.0
11.5
10.3
6.8
2*. 8
19.6
15.3
1*.9
12.0
*0.5
17.6
29.6
60.8
66.*
6*. 2
6.5
12.0
10.0
26.1
69.3
55.6
170
7.0
9.0
13.1
9.0
8P2
827
98*
926
925
821
1087
1 186
1 1*
-------
Table 31(cont.)
I,
120'
160'
160
130
160
160
"•.it YI PP'iPIOf.ATE
i'M- 10'iATE
2-PtNIYL PHUMOSATE
2-ElHYL-l-Hi XYI PPOPIONATE
• LL a PROMOf.AlE
METHYL RUT^PATF
ETHYL PU1YRATE
PB1PYL BUTf'ATE
t'.OPROPYl HJTYWATE
BUTYL eUTY^ATE
IOORUTYL hJTYPATfc
PENIYL BUTYPATE
I'.OPFNTYL f.uTYBME,
VI'iYL SUTY'-ATI
MF1HYL l'Of.JT
R'JTYL I SCPil
I',OBUTYL I'.OUUTYRATE
"-THYL ACR'L.'-TE
E IHYL ACP- YL AT t
PROPYL ACRYIME
BUTYL ACRrlAlf
IIORUTYL A'»YLATE
2-f THYL-I-MFXYL ACOYLATP
ALIYL ACRYLATC
METHYL MEIHACPYLATE
"ETHYLAL
ETHYL METHYL FORMAL
I',OPRCPYL METHYL FORMAL
OIETHYL FOPMAL
PROPYL ETHYL FORMAL
I50PROPYL FIHYL FORMAL
1-PUTYL ETHYL FORMAL
DIPROPYL FORMAL
S-BUTYL PROPYL FORMAL
OIISOPRQPYI FORMAL
DIRUTYL FORMAL
OIISQl'UTYL FORMAL
01 S-BUTYL FORMAL
ETMYLENE GLYCOL FORMAL
1 .2-PROPYI F.NC bLYCOL FORMAL
1 .3-PROPYLFNE Gl YCOL FORMAL
1.3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL FOR'"L
2.3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL FCPKAL
1.4-8UTY1ESE GLYCOL FORMAL
lEOPfNTYL GLYCOL FORMAL
6-METHYL-2.4.7-1RIOXAOCTANE
DIMETHYL ACCTAL
OIETHYL ACE.TAl
DIPROPYL ACETAL
DIISOPUTYL ACETAL
UHYLENL GLYCOL ACFTAL
1>3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL ACETAL
DIMETHYL PROPYLAL
DIETHYL PR^PYI AL
DIMETHYL 0:JlYf'AL
liJ-BUTTLENE GLYCOL BUTYRAL
DIMETHYL ISOBUTYRAL
ACROLEiN DIETHYL ACETAL
DIBUTYL CROTANAL
4'4-DIMETHOXY-?-BUTANONE
2'2-DlMETHOXYPROPANE
?'2-DI£THOXYPROPANF
'• 2-D1 ALL YLOXY PROPANE
*-E'-2-ME-1.3-DIOXOLANE
HETHYL ETHER
PROPYL METHYL ETHER
BUTYL METHYL ETHER
1SOBUTYL MFTHYL E THER
'-BUTYL METHYL ETHER
E'HYL ETMFR
BUTYL ETHYL ETHER
'-BUTYL ETHYL ETHER
*UYL ETHYL ETHER
PROPYL ETHER
ISOPROPYL PROPYL ETHER
ISOPROPYL ETH'.K
'-PUTYL ISOPROPY
5'J'YL ETHE'I
"ENTYL ETHER
'iOPENTYL E1HER
MExrL ETHER
J-ETHYL-l-BUTYL
E'HYL VINYL ETHER
ETHER
6t.7
4fc.l
1 14
88.6
6i.5
345
50.3
27.8
36.6
61.5
36.9
103
74.9
171
134
101
35.5
19.6
70.0
5C.4
21.1
2B.4
46.5
BO. 5
60.5
31.2
7.1
10.2
12.?
13.8
22.5
16.5
ZR.4
35.6
45.0
19.5
9e, .3
^.?
6! .5
26.1
26.5
52.1
53.6
34.5
f)4.0
57.9
7l» ,
1031
920
1156
10V2
938
994
1065
I I "9
1107
1494
1136
IOCS
735
60":
83^,
857
946
884
99?
1031
1076
913
1228
1099
1120
964
989
1123
1128
1037
1176
1140
1176
BOO
879
1032
1072
966
1072
884
947
972
1232
916
997
1439
1399
834
875
1163
1068
524
644,
755
683
688
610
788
6«n
767
766
714
649
717
969
1 1(,5
1067
1 363
1212
668
BUTYL VINYL FTHEP
ISOPUTYL VINYL flHFR
2-ETHYL-l-HEXYL ViMVL ETHER
ET GLYCOL OI^CTHYL ETHER
ET GLYCOL DIBUTYL ETHER
ETHYLENE OXIDE
PROPYLFHE OXIDE
1,3-PROPYLENE OXIDE
i ,2-euTYLENE OXIDE
1 .3-BUTYLF.NE OXIDE
TR4N5-2 i3-R'JTYLENF OXIDr
C15-2 .3-BUTYLENE OXIDE
TETRAHYDROFURAN
2-ME-J ,2-PROPYLENE OXIDE
2-METHYLTETRAHYDROFuRAN
FUPAN
2-METHYLFURA>J
2.5-DlMETHYLTETPAHY01?OFuRAN
4.5-DIHYDRO-2-METHYLFURAN
3.4-DIHYD90PYSAN
TETRAHYDROPYRAN
ETHANE
BUTANE
HEXANE
2.3-DIMETHYLBUTANE
OCTANE
DECANE
DODECANE
TETRADECANE
HFXADECANE
OCTADECANE
CYCLOHEXANE
1-PENTENE
BENZENE
TOLUENE
0-XYLENE
M-XYLENE
P-XYLENE
ETHYLBENZENE
0-OIETHYLPEN7ENE
M-OIETHYLSENZENE
P-OIETHYLBEN2ENE
METHYLENE CHLOPIDE
ETHYLENE CHLORIDE
ALLYL CHLORIDE
CARBON TETRACHLORIOE
CHLOROFORM
2-CHLOROETHANOL
3-HYDROXY-2-BUTANONE
4-HYDROXY-2-BUTANONE
1-HYDROXY-2-ME-3-SUTANONE
2-HYDROXY-2-ME-3-BLITANONE
4-HYDROXY-4-ME-2-PENTANONE
3-METHOXYBUTANAL
4-ACETOXYTETRAHYDROPYRAN
2-METHOXYETHANOL
2-ETHOXYETHANOL
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
2-ALLYLO'XYETHANOL
2-METHOXY-l-PROPANOU
2-ETHOXY-l-PROPANOL
3-ETHOXY-l-PROPANOL
l-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL
1-PROPOXY-2-PROPANOL
3-METHOXY-l-BUTANOL
l-ETHOXY-3-PENTANOL
4-METHOXY-4-1E-2-PENTANOL
2-METHOXYETHYL VINYL ETHER
BIS12-ETHOXYETHYLI ETHER
3-METHOXY-l-BUTYL ACETATE
2-METHOXYETHYL ACETATE
2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE
ACETONYL ACETATE
3-METHOXY-l-BUTYL ACRYLATE
1il.3-TRlMETHOXVnUTANE
METHOXYMFTHYLAL
DIHETHOXYMETHYLAL
TR1METHOXYMETHYLAL
1,4-OK -r
TRIOXAN;
1 .3,5-TRIOXEPANE
PARALOEHYOE
WATER
13.9
10.0
80.3
n.s
204
5.6
S.I
12.9
13.2
12.7
9.3
12.0
16.0
8. A
16. *
S.5
I*, e
15.2
19. i
25.1
23.0
.3
1.0
3.2
2.7
9.9
31.0
89.4
253
710
1960
7.8
2.3
2«.,9
42.8
96.0
77.6
75.0
69.6
20t
177
187
19.0
42.8
11.0
17.1
3?.0
198
140
470
641
106
202
72.7
466
72.1
91=0
243
226
34.2
95.6
204
57.2
104
200
233
159
36. B
256
182
107
135
314
183
98.2
34.1
142
561
45.7
74.7
114
45.6
29.*
6.0
4.3
23.?
7.».
51 .«
2.9
4,?
5.7
5.9
5.9
4.2
5.3
7.0
3.9
7.?
4.3
6.3
6.5
8.3
1C. 3
9.6
.2
.6
1.6
!.»>
4.5
11.1
27.0
64.9
154
362
3.8
10.2
15.9
30.!
25.3
24.8
24.3
57.5
49.8
52.9
7.6
15.6
7.4
11 .6
56.2
40.7
114
146
32.8
57.0
23.6
111
23.6
29.2
62.9
59.3
25.6
28. a
53.1
19.0
31.5
53.2
61.3
47.9
17.8
63,0
49.6
30.7
37.4
75.3
49.6
29.8
12.7
42.3
134
17.0
25. «.
37.0
15.0
9.6
8i»
ecc
117 =
91«
1359
700
763
£45
840
84?
787
833
8fl3
771
888
791
869
871.
919
963
947
20C
400
600
514
800
1000
1200
1400
16D^
1800
756
54'5
961
1061
1213
1173
1 166
1152
1359
1331
1341
914
106!
818
895
lOOi
1353
1286
1520
1580
1233
1357
1 160
151B
1 159
1203
1 39">
1378
118B
izn
115S
1115
1229
1355
1 3fl4
1310
103?
140?
1137
1235
1280
1442
1 338
1710
101F
US*
15S4
1073
1166
1247
107*
990
e&r
T?>
i it-
?::
134 =
71:
78'
8^?
95!
8', ;
785
835
8??
761
90:
73^
87?
861
9?u
96.-
96^
200
400
60C
59»
800
1000
1200
140C
1600
1800
765
979
1070
1224
113-
1180
1175
1372
1339
13*>:>
915
1075
910
1010
1367
1293
1530
1587
12*4
1370
1169
1524
1169
1217
139i
1379
IIP-
121..
135<.
1123
123..
13?".
13H7
1330
10M
1301
133B
U.'?
127fc
143»
133fl
1 ? ? .-
io:">
130:
156R
10<".
1106
127)
1067
967
110
-------
Table 31 (cont.)
F THANE
HUTANE
METHYL ETHER
! -r-ENFENE
2 ,3-DIMETHYLdUTA'Jf
ML XANE
FTHYL ETHFP
FORMALDEHYDE
PROPYL MfclHYL ETHE")
I SOPHtPYL f THl'2
E THYL VINYL c THE''
IC.OBUTYL METHYL ETHER
T-RUTYL METHYL FTHER
T-i'UTYl FTHYL E THEM
ACT T ALOEHYJIF
i fHYLf NE OX I Cll
ISQPR^PYL ''K0f'v! EFHEG
T-'-iUTfl. I!')P»Of'YL ETHFP
METHYL FORMATL
METHYLAL
SUTYL MFTHYL ETHER
>. YCLOH< KANE
PROPYL ETHFr<
ALLYL ETHYL FIHFO
2-M£-l,2-PfiOPYLENt OXIDE
PKOPYLLNE OXIDE
PROPIONALDEHYOE
TPANS-2.3-9MT YLCN: OXIDF
F G'RAN
8UTYL FTHYL ETHFP
!'09UTYL VINYL ETHER
OJVETHYL ACtTAL
CC T AHE
r TfJVL METHYL t DRMAL
r "-' L rCRf-'A Fi
'' c ' H v L A C F T A 1 E
•"•I L YL ' HLOt. 1 'Or.
AT- ' 2 ty r
' 0'"JTYyA'_ ')! Hv'T
2 .?-L%lvt- TvMVv:>u?pANf
CI^-2i'-?'JTYLE';' OxlDr
isoPRorvL W"TM-' FORMAL
ISOPfOi'vL rG''->k'A''t
VETHANOL
AC'-OLF IN
1 , 3_PRQf>YLf Nr "> IFjP
1 . 3~nUTYLf.Nf 0>. T'
1.2-3UTYLEV -'/:(,'(
DIE THYL FOWHAL
BUTYL VINYL F ' HE&
1 ^OPROPANOl
E THONOL
F THYL ACFTA' E
2-"t THYLFtJRAN
2 ,?-OIFTHOXYPROPAN£
VI NYU ACt T Al t
OIETHYL A C E T <•• L
2.5-D1METHYI T •" Tr-:. HYDRO ct'» AN
PUTYPALDE HYO£
I 50PPOPYL ACE ' ATl
ISOPROPYL FTHY1. FORMAL
DIMETHYL PMOPYLA,.
T-fcUT YL AO 'ATE
METHACROl E 1 N
METHYL PROPIONATC
TF TRAHYCROFUI'AN
2-METHYLTF FRAHVQROFURAN
2-HUT ANONF
CAREiCN TF TRAOiLORiOr
01 15.0PROPYL t OMVAl
MtlHYLLNt CMlOWIUL
DlMLTHYL r>U>>UTYRA|_
PROPYL FORMATl
IT GLYCOL CMMfUiYL ETHER
>1fTHYL ISOMUTY'-1 \T!
4 i L. -niHYfkO-: -«: THYL FU« AN
? - K r T H Y I fl II F Y i-' M ') I 1 1 Y DE
1 ^OvALF R * i 01 M> ' i '
l'L THY L A( RYL AT {
>Il THYl PRdl'Yl AL
J-Ct THYL-.'- (HIT ANON,
"ROPYL tlHYL f OKM*L
iTHlL PflOPIONAM
II.OPROPYL PKOI'IONAtE
Reproduced from ^i^
best available copy, ^gfiljf
V
|JO°
,
1.0
1.7
2.3
2.7
3.2
3.5
3.2
4.1
4. 3
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.6
6.0
6.3
7.3
7.1
7.3
7.8
8.5
8.4
8.1
9.3
S.3
9.5
9.6
10.0
10.0
S ,'<
1C.*
11.0
11.4
11.0
10.9
11.2
13.8
1 1 .t
11.9
12. C
1 ^ • t
13.1
14.?
! ? . 0
i ? . '«'
12.7
1 3. ?
13.8
13.9
16.0
16.9
1 '^.6
l4.fi
16. 1
16.0
16.0
15.2
15.9
16.5
16.5
15.7
17.4
16.0
17.6
16.0
16.4
18.0
17.1
19.5
19.0
18.7
19.5
19.5
19.6
19.7
20.1
20.4
21.1
2J./
22.0
23^9
e
160"
.2
.6
1.1
1.6
1.6
1 .7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4."
4.3
4.5
4.5
4 . 6
4.F.
4.B
4.0
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.3
!; . ?
5.3
5 .4
5.5
5.7
i .7
5.8
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.2
6. 3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6,5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6 .8
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.B
7.8
d.3
8.4
H.4
8.8
n.e
8.8
9.0
9.0
1
120°
200
400
491
545
574
600
620
601
644
652
677
685
684
699
6Fi6
700
712
720
745
74,1
746
756
773
771
771
763
768
787
791
704
ecc
ETC
POO
oC4
£ 17
824
t If
f. 1 5
H '( \
857
827
831
8 >3
8 36
848
662
846
845
843
8l9
857
856
BP3
893
879
669
884
883
684
874
882
889
888
880
89e
6P4
900
883
BUS
904
895
918
9 14
910
918
9 1 P
9 19
9 19
9, '5
9, 6
'> V
'V-.8
•J 19
91.3
95Q
X
16CT
200
400
524
598
600
610
610
644
649
668
683
6flB
6RP
690
712
714
717
734
735
7^5
765
75fc
767
769
733
784
785
7R6
7*8
788
HOO
aoo
fcO'
K 10
B13
819
822
s 3;
834
835
836
63 /
84?
849
85?.
85<
856
857
862
862
869
871
67M
875
876
879
881
882
882
881.
8814
88b
896
896
898
90]
908
910
91 3
915
916
919
920
9/0
91<.
93fj
9 1 /
938
94 7
94 7
9<>B
95.'
953
-
&<-BUTYL FORMATE
3-BUTEN-2-ONE
2 ,3-BUTANEOlONC
2_METHYL-2-bUTANOL
ETHYLENE GLYCOL ACfTAL
ALI.VL FORMATE
TFTRAHYDROPYRAN
WATER
1SORUTYL FORMATE
E'JTYL ETHER
PROPYL ACETATE
DIMETHYL BUTYRAL
S-RUTANOL
ISOPROPENYL ACETATE
RENZENF
3 .4-DIHYDROPYRAN
2-METHYL-3-bUTEN-2-OL
3.3-DIMETHYL-2-BUTANONE
S-dUT n ACETATE
ETHYLENE GLYCOL FORMAL
PROPANOL
MFTHYL tiUTYRATE
3-PENT ANONE
1 ,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL FGRk.VL
S-6UTYL ETHYL FORMAL
2-PENTANONc
ETHYL ACRYLATE
ACOOLEIM DIETHYL ACETAL
DECANI
VALERALDE HYDE
ISOBUTYL ACLTATE
METHYL METHACRYLATL"
CHLOROFORM
3-M£THYL-3-tJUTEN-2-ONE
ALLYL ACETATE
2-MLTHYL-2-BUTYL AC.ETATC
BUTYL FORMATE
3-BUTEN-2-OL
ISOPROPYL BUTYRATE
METHOXYMETHYLAL
2 , <. -DIMETHYL- 3- PFNTANONE.
4-MI THYL-2-PCNTANONE
[1IPROPYL FORMAL
2-METHOXYFTHYL VINYL ETHER
VINYL PUTYRATE
niPROPYL ACETAL
ETHYL fJTYRATF
PRLTPYL PROPlONATE
2 . 3-H'JT YLENc GLYCOL FORMAL
I SC'^UTANOL
2 ,3-PENTANEDIONE
3-METHYL-2-BUTANOL
4.4-PIMETHYL-2-PLNTANONC
2-PENTYL FORMATE
3_Mj.;THYL-2-P( NTANONE
3-PENTYL FORMATE
2-METHYL-2-PENTANOL
2.3-DIMETHYL-2-BUTANOL
2-PROPEN-l-OL
CROTONALDEHYDC
2 . 2 -DIME THYL- 1 -PROPANOL
3-PENTYL ACETATE
I50PENTYL FTHER
PAPALDEHYLlE
3-HEXANONE
BUTYL ACETATE
2-ET-2-ME-1. )-DIOXOLANE
3-PENTANOL
2-PENTYL ACETATE
DIISO^UTYL ACETAL
1.3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL ACETAL
2-PENTANOL
ETHYLENE CHLORIDE
S-BUTVL PROPYL FORMAL
TOLUENE
1 SO BUTYL PROPlONATE
3-METHYL-3-PEM ANGL
PWOPYL ACRYLATE
ALLYL PROPIONAII
1 '.OtHJTYL 1 '.('HUT YWATE
1 "it-lJlflXAN1
ni I so^ui YL FORMAL
.'-HEXANONL
HIM ANOl
111
V
ucr
23.1
2 ;. .
24.6
26.'-
24, 'J
24. '•>
21.^
29.4
25.3
2 5.6
25.7
2 5 . 'J
28.6
27."
24.9
25. 1
3 r. 7
25.1
27.7
2f . 1
31.0
27.F,
2P.C
26.5
28.4
28.2
28 .4
29.7
31.0
2 8 . •'•
31 .0
31.2
32.0
30.6
33.6
32.4
33.5
37. 3
36.°
32.9
33.0
35.6
36.6
35.5
37.5
36.6
38.0
34.5
41.5
38.9
42.0
36. C
37.6
3 5 . .'
39. 7
42.5
46.0
4^.7
44.1
4^6
42.2
44. 1
41.8
44.5
46. .'
48*7
4'.0
42. fl
48. 1
4P ,6
5(i. ^
51..'
40. 1
13.1
g
160'
9.1
*•• . 3
'i •••
9 ••
" .''
V.6
9 ,6
9.1
9.6
0.7
9.7
9.B
10. C
1C.O
1C. 2
10. i
10.3
10.3
10.:-
10.4
10.'
10.4
10.! •
10.6
10.3
10.7
10. 6
11.0
11.!
11 .2
11 .t
11.:.
11 .b
11 . J
12.0
12.0
12..
12. T
12.6
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.8
12. t
12.E'
12. t
12. B
13.1
13.1
13.6
13.7
13.8
14.1
14..'
1 4 . i
14.3
14. «5
I' ° 1
1C9J
1 i'V*
1 C1 7 1
i ic;
1PS7
1 11 1
1 1C1
K
160
V5'
-. c -
96 .-
'/{, -
96'.-
96'
'"•"
9t "*
'If
St>r.
96V
97;
975
977
IT*
98;
98;
982
os;
964
9F-6
1ft
3f 7
93%
'•> v 2
95i<;
V9>.
=)•; 7
1 C^C
icr:
100^
10C-
icir
1 2 !-.
ICli
1C17
1C.-1!
ic.-;
1C. "
10?'-
103C
1C? 1
101!
1C".
1 CT
1012
1Q10
1C 3 7
1045
10-5
JO1-?
1C-3
10 '-4
1C56
1061
1C64
1C 66
1 Cfa7
1067
1C67
1067
lot-e
1070
1C7]
1 07?
1072
107'
1075
107*
1C'*.
. ' ,k
"~P
i c ' ;
I C ^ "<
10 J-5
IIP;
110;
-------
Table 31 (cent.)
1 -pFNTFN-4-rn
1 S08UTYL ACPYLAIE
HEXANAL
1-PENTEN-3-OL
Dl S-BUTYL FOPMAL
l-METHOXY-2-P"<->r>ANOL
:>ENTYL FORMATE
2-FENTYL PROPIONATf
2-METHYL-3-F"ENTANC'L
p_M£TriYL-3<-^UTYN-2-OL
1 ,3-PROPYLC NE GLYCOL FOR^.AL
<,-vrTHYL-2-f'tNTANf.L
PROPYL BUTYRATE
1.3-BUTYLENF GlYCOL FORMAL
1 SOPENTYL ACETATE
ALLYL ACSYLATt
3-BUTEN-l-OL
NEOPENTYl ..LYCOL FORMAL
5-HEXEN-?-ONr
BUTYL PMOP10NATE
*-HEPTANCN'
BUTYL 150BUTYOAT
3-HEXA*)OL
3-"f TMYL-2-PfNTAN'JL
2.*-DlMfTHYL-:'-c>rNT,>NOL
2. 2-01 ALLYL OXY('";I PANE
2-METHYL-2-PRl'l'E'i-l-OL
1,-METHYL- J-f't N'! '1-2-ONE
PENTYL FTHF.R
2-FTHvL-l-HLXYL VINYL ETHER
3-vic T HCXYtllJl AN'. L
!->•'' T.IOXYE IHtNG:
IjOeuT^L dUlYh!Arr
2-"'THYL-l-B'JTAV.,L
1 OOPEN1 AHOL
3-HFPi ANONF
1 .*-" 11 Yl EN: GLV'OL rCr'-'AL
6-»ETH*L-2.*.7-"-|->AC':iAf,:
' THYL >'rN7FHr
P-X'LfNt
PENTYL ACETATL
2-HEXANOL
2-auTtN-i-nL
3-ETHYL-3-t)ENTA'J(.)L
M-XYLF.N:
1RIOXANF
2-METHOXY-l-PRO"ANOL
2-ETHYL-2-UL/ICNA1.
'3UTYL ACkYLATt
2-HEPTANONE
l-ACETOXY-2-WOPY^i
OOOtCANE
CYCLOPROPYL CA^IUNOL
HFPTANAL
2-ETHYL-l-SUTYL FTJTO
2.2-Dl.'JETH'L -1-i'U'ANOL
2 — ETMGXY— 1-PPO^AiNC'L
PENTANUL
2-ETHYLHEXANAl.
I SOPENTYL PHOPlO'.'ATr
2-F THOXYf THANOl
2-PENTY, nulv"AlF
1 .1 1 3-T?|Mr 1-T AN?
2-i TH>L-l-'iUT »L "CFIAlt
J~*^c THt'L'~l~''E \ ^ ^ N •* 3 •• 0 U
O-XYLCNE
Dl BUTYL FOPM/L
2-MCTMOKYE rn> '. Art TATE
M'JTYL 1UT Y»A ' '
1 . 3-^llT /L L'l1 r,._Y(CL P.UTYRAL
HCXYL fOkMVTf
1-PPOPCF N'f N-l -(;L
1 '<[ 1" A'«)L
t'T^jiyi I'IJttf* I ftti A * t
f-u. -,i» u- 1 - I'l N 1 Af,.>(.
2 , .. -n N '4V ; I .«
1 . ' . ' - T '• 1 ' I r ( ' & U '
. -' '.(•;. »| l,|.. A' , T AT|
. ' 'MM - ; i.,ji .VK i
,' -'ir (. • n «jf L
' ' ' 'Pf N T * t M' f T v .. A ; I
<4-Mf T MY u - 1 I'f r; ! ASn(.
\
120n
55.2
* 9.3
60.9
61.5
57.2
58.3
65.5
60. 7
68.'.
52. 1
62. 7
61.5
53.6
61.1
6C.5
£.6.1
57.9
62. 3
66.7
63.0
70.0
75.7
7
3'. . •<
36..'
3',.'.
' '.0
3 ( .'.
1H. 1
\\' . 1
)«.".
3H.H
120°
1 109
1 Of 7
1 1 27
1 129
1115
1119
11*1
1 126
1 1*9
1098
1133
1 129
1103
1 128
1 126
1 1^3
1 118
1131
11**
1 13*
1153
1 168
\ 16*
1165
1 158
11?}
1 1 1 1
11*3
1)65
1 1 79
1160
1119
1 166
1177
1 1 7d
1 1 59
1137
1165
1 152
1 166
1 1 77
1 J P b
1 1B9
1 191
1173
1 166
1 188
1165
1 160
1 1 fcP
1203
1200
1203
1 166
122*
1216
121 J
122J
1 J97
1 196
120?
122*
1218
1 223
12*1
1213
1212
12 <5
1228
1 226
1226
1229
.-07
/ * J
2 5 if
252
2 (.7
2*H
,'f 1
22H
2" 7
. I'll
211 1
1* 7?
I/'* 5
1,
160'
1 101
i 1 n 7
1 I U '
11 r\ M
i U "
i i j ^
J J i O
1 120
1120
1120
1121
1122
i \ '; ~\
1 1 C J
i i -> /.
J J c M
1 127
1 128
1 1 2?
1 136
1137
11*0
11*7
11*6
1151
1 156
1 160
1160
\ \ f."J
live
1 It)
1161
1 16*
1 165
1 1 61)
i i i t
J J o s
1 K r/
'172
1172
1173
117*
1176
i 1 7 f
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-------
Table 32
MAJOR ODOROUS CONST ITUtiNTS OF VAPOR SAMPLES FROM PRESSED CRACKLINGS1
Consecutive , - .TjEEB_a!_ColjSBn_UBed
Peak Number2 SP-1000 Pennwalt 223
1 Ammonia, trimethylainine, acetone Ethane (Kovats 200)
(possible), n-pentene (hutanal also
possible) , saturated C, hydrocarbon
or pentanal, saturated C., hydro-
carbon
2 Heptene (?), Cg hydrocarbon (?) Ammonia, ethylene
3 Methanol (?) , methyl ethyl ketone, Propene
saturated Cg hydrocarbon
4 Ethanol, benzene, unsaturated C_ Isofcutene
hydrocarbon, dimethylpentadiene
(1-heptyne also possible),
(5-methyl-2-hexyne also possible)
5 1-Propanol (acetic acid possible), Trimethylamine
toluene
6 2-Methyl-l,3-pentadiene (?) , n-Pentane (500)
ethylvinyl ether (?)
7 Xylenes, tricyclene Acetone
8 AC. hydrocarbon (diene,-yr,e or n-Hexane (600)
cycloalkene), a CB hydrocarbon
or C7 ketone (eg. 2-heptanone)
9 A C,0 alkyne or diene or substi- 2-Methyl propanal
t&ted cyclohexene
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Table 33
MAJOR ODOROUS CONSTITUENTS OF VAPOR SAMPLES FROM COOKER LIQUID
Consecutive -—
Peak Number _
Type of Column UsgJL
SP-1000
1 Ethanol
2 Propanol, 2-ethylbutonic acid (?),
toluene
3 Methyl butanol
4 Butenal (?)
5 Butanol
6 1-Pentene
1 Hexanol
8 Xylene
9 Furfuryl alcohol (?)
10 Possibly phenol, too weak to be sure
\1 p-Cresol or benzyl alcohol
Pennwalt 223
Tr imethylamine
An alcohol
An amine
Carbon dioxide, an amine
Nitrogen containing compound
An amine
Spectrum too complex
Spectrum too complex
Spectrum too complex
Spectrum too complex
Spectrum too complex
Identified by GC-MS techniques; 2Given in order of elution from the respective column;
3The question mark designates a non-positive identiacation.
Table 32 (cont.)
Consecutive
Peak Number 2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
. Type of column Used
SP-1000 3
1,3,7 Octatriene-5-yne(but could also
be styrene on cyclooctatetraene
Butyne-ol (?), C4 substituted benzene
Dimethyl pyrazine
1-Hexanol
Dimethyl ethylpyrazine (methoxy
• benzaldehyde somewhat possible)
Hexyne-ol ?
Hexadiene (?), benzaldehyde
An alcohol (C? or cg possible)
Methyl naphthalene
Dimethyl naphthalene, biphe-iyl
Acenaphthene
Pennwalt 223 3
Tetrahydropyran, 2-Methyl furan
T(947)
3-Methyl-hexane (possibly n-heptane)(700)
n-Pentanal
Trichloroethylene
Saturated Cfl hydrocarbon (probably (800)
2,4-dimetnylhexane or 3-methyl-
heptane or n-octane, unsaturated C^
hydrocarbon or a C& aldehyde.
Dimethyl disulfide (1110)
Toluene
2-Methyl furan (?)
Spectrum too complex
Spectrum too complex
Spectrum tou complex
Identified by GC-MS techniques; Given in order of elution from the respective column;
The question mark designates a non-positive identification.
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ntion of offensive Odor from Fish Pr°ciess*n9
Sfect of Enzymes and Nitrohumic Acid Treatmen
tion of the Odor from Squid Waste, Motohiro
- Terachi, Hitoshi (Fac. Fish., Hokkaido Univ
ate, Japan) . Hokkaido Daigaku Suisan Gakubu
969, 20(2) , 134-41 (Japan) .
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A study was made to reduce the offensive odo
from squid waste: proteinase activity is hig
at 30-50° to decompose nitrogenous compounds
in the waste leading to odor evolution. The
odor can be absorbed in diatomaceous earth.
Cellulase and amylase can also digest the wa
but their activities are lower than that of
proteinase. Nitrohumic acid can control amm
niacal odor of the putrid smell at 0.5-2.0%
level, but is unable to control the acid sme
evolved from decayed waste. Application of
nltrohumic acid to a waste containing high o
would be an improper way to prevent malodor.
scussions
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Lytic Afterburning of Industrial Gases, Betz,
reist, H. J. (KAVAT Co., Gondsroth, Ger.), Tei
Lin) 20(6), 395-401 (1965) (Ger).
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A survey is given of the chemistry and techi
of the treatment of gases containing hydroci
and N oxides mixtures. Translation availab:
c
rolling Industrial odors, Yocom, John E., Cher
, June 15, 1970, 160-8.
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Industrial odors can be handled as chemical
engineering problems; the key is to reduce 1
concentration of odorants at the receptor, :
the nose .
-
Deration of Process Wastes, Frankel, Joseph I
, Eng. 7_3(18) , 91-6 (1966) (Eng.).
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The disposal of industrial wastes by incinei
tion is discussed. Equipment designed for
solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes is descri]
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control in Rubber Processing by Direct-Flame
eration, Sandomirsky, Alex G.; Benforado David
s, Lloyd D.,- Pauletta. Carl E.; 3 of the Air
tion Control Assoc., Dec. 1966, 16(12), 673-6.
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The application of direct-flame incineration ti
successfully eliminate a smoke -oil -mist and od<
problem in the manufacture of rubber-base rug
underlay, is presented. The investigation of
various air pollution control processes leadin
to the development and adoption of the direct-
flame incineration system, is covered. The ru
underlay curing process incorporating the dire
flame incineration system with primary heat
recovery is described. Results and discussion
of a source test to determine the effectlvenes
of direct-flame incineration in this applicati'
are included.
Incineration, Brewer, Gerald, L. , Chem. Eng.
14, 1968, 160-5.
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Direct flame, thermal or catalytic incineratio
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in 13 -H
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may be the most economical way to remove odor-
causing gases and va^xjrs from chemical process
Success in coming up with the most effective a
lowest cost system rests in thorough considera
of design parameters.
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Control by Catalytic and High-Temperature
ition, Hein, Glen M. (Battelle Mem. Inst., Colur,
, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 116(2) , 656-62 (1964.
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Direct-flame and catalytic combustion, the ode
laden effluent, together with sufficient air i
combustion, is fed into a gas- or oil-fired
combustion chamber where proper conditions of
temperature, time, and turbulence are providec
The direct-flame afterburner method is ideally
suited for the control of residual odors from
small and medium size refuse incinerators thai
are operated intermittently. With such incinf
tors, the exhaust gases are already hot, and
auxiliary fuel is fired to maintain temperatu]
required for destruction of odor in the aftei
burner, which is an integral part of the refu:
incinerator. Combustion with air on catalyst
surfaces reaches completion at much lower tem-
peratures than those required for conventional
flame burning. At lower temperatures combus-
tion is flameless. The oxidation catalysts
used in odor control applications are Pt alloi
or a combination of Pt and Al,O,.
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APPENDIX B
ODOR CONTROL COST COMPARISONS
134
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136
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IIMI inir.n^j.ijjv nj.j.u ™.-~ i'~ "
~ Source: (Ret. F-9)
Mfg. - Air Preheater Co., Wellsville, New Yorh
Detention - Min. 0.3 Sec.
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Unit ".-]/. (*Fuel Rate Based on 15,000 SCFM, 1200°F Inc. in Air
Temp. 100°F)
V = 75 ff3
K e a t .;: : c h anger
Flow Rate
Equip. Cost
Est. I '--sco 11 ed Cost
Fuel 10" BTU/Hr.
Power
V/eight
Cost of Cos & Elect/Hr.
Cost/1000 f.CFM
Unit "-irj (*Fuel Rate Ba
%
SCFM
$
$
*
KW
#
$
scd on
None 39% Eff.
15,000 15,000
24,750 36,700
31,750 47,700
18.6 11.3
23.0 G2.0
15,300 25,300
3.65 5.5G
64 <: 44$
over 20,000 GCFM,
48% Eff. 64% Eff.
15,000 15,000
43,980 62,000
57,980 82,000
9.65 6.7
50.0 30.0
30,600 42,730
5.70 4.55
38C 30C
1200°F Inc. in
.. Air Temp. 100°F)
V = 100 ft-3
Heat Exchanger
Flow ."ace
Ban in. r^st
Est. Installed Cost
Fuel ] : " LTU/Hr .
Pov;er
Weigh';
Cost of Gas & Elect/Mr.
Cost/1000 SCFM
o/
/o
SCFM
$
$
*
KW
tt
$
Unit 3-20 (*Fuel Rate Based on
-. Temp. 100°F)
V = 150 ft3
Heat Exchanger
Flov; R'-vco
Equip. Cost
Est. Installed Cost
Fuel 10° DTU/Hr.
Pov;er
Weight
Cost of Gas & Elect/Hr.
Cost/1000 SCFM
Reproduced from iPf^l
best available copy, ^jjj^r
%
SCFM
$
$
*
KW
#
$
None 39% Eff.
20,000 20,000
20,000 43,530
36,000 5G,530
24.8 15.1
35 02
17,300 29,400
12.93 0.70
65 « 44£
30,000 SCFM, 1200°
None 39% Eff.
30,000 30,000
34,350 55,030
43,350 71,300
37.3 22.7
50.0 123
19,900 34,600
19.40 13.20
650 44C
48% Eff. 64% Eff.
20,000 20,000
52,530 74,850
68,530 97,850
12.8 8.9
75 109
35,400 50,130
7.54 6.09
38$ 31C
F Inc. in Air
48% Eff. 64% Eff.
30,000 30,000
66,830 93,100
86,330 121,100
19.4 13.4
113 152
42,200 60,230
11.40 8.98
33$ 30«
Heat recovery can halve the cost.
138
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INCINERATOR PERFORMANCE DATA
vs
CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS (TEST #4)
30 JULY 1970
Flow SCFM
#/hr
Temperature in (°F)
Air Temperature Out Cor-Pak (°F)
Incineration Chamber Temperature (°F)
Stack Temperature (°F)
System vP ("W.G.)
Heater Exchanger Effectiveness
Fuel Rate #/hr
Odor Units/SCF
Result
Test #4
28,900
130,000
120
822
1,203
550
10.4
64.8
600
<150
Expected Based
on Input of
Test #4
28,900
130,000
120
806
1,203
555
13.4
63.3
642
<150
ODOR EVALUATION RESULTS
AT
INCINERATION CHAMBER TEMPERATURES OF
APPROXIMATELY 1000. 1100, 1200. & 1400°F
Incineration Chamber
Temperature (°F)
1007
1100 (Nominal)
1203
1400 (nominal)
.3 sec Contact Time
Test No.
2
5
4
7
Odor Concentration
Odor Units/SCF
Duct
Inlet
1000
1500
3000
2500
3600
4200
3000
3000
At Stack
Outlet
270
290
395
1000
105
90
43
<10
Conclusion: At 1400°F reduction ratio is 70 to 300; and at
1100°F is 2.5 to 10.
139
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OPERATING COST COMPARISON
Scrubber vs. Incinerator
(Spray Tower)
Initial Cost - Installed
Capac ity
Annual Operatinq Hours
Runni n:j H . P .
E<;t ipatnd Actual Life
Annual Operating Cost
!.. Chornical.fi - f> ->da Ash
500 Lb/wk U 3.35C x 26 wks
2. Wat-sr
: 2on rpl/wk 7 x $.009/KWII x
R::p.ning Plrs.
5. Maintonanco (estimated)
6. Labor (operational)
7. Amortization of Investment
Total Annual Operating Costs
Scrubber
$40,000
60,000 cfm
3100 hrs.
70 H.P.
15 yrs.
435.00
130.00
Incinerator
$65,000
25,000 cfm
2500 hrs.
30 H.P.
8 yrs.
$13,800.00
1,450.00
200.00
500.00
2,670.00
500.00
500.00
8, 120.00
$ 5,385.00
$22, 920.00
Operating Cost/Hr
Operating Cost/Hr/1000 cfm
$1.74 $9.16
$ .03 $ .37
(Ref. F-7)
The total annual cost of the incinerator is over 4 times that
of the scrubber.
140
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Comparison of Crossflow vs. Coontercurrent
Energy Cost in Gas and Liquid Phase
Annual and First Cost of Installing Fan and Recycle Pump
With Motors
Energy Cost
F on - Gas Phase
- Liquid Phase
Total Annual Fnergy Cost
Fan HP
Pump HP
Total HPreq'd.
First Cost Fans >«.i) 10 $15.00/BHP
Electrical Installation Cost for:
switches, motor starters, power
wiring, control wiring, etc. fap $30/BHP
Total First Cost
Crossflow
$ 2,170
!t95
$ 2,765
41.5
11.5
53.0
$ 9,500
1,160
795
1,590
$13,045
Countercurrent
$ 4,380
4,680
$ 9,060
84.0
90.8
174.8
$ 9,500
6,750
2,600
5,250
$24,100
(Ref. F-10)
Cross-flow tower gives the smaller total cost,
141
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