SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Abstracts from the Literature, 1974--1978
HAZARDOUS WASTE
This bibliography (SW-756) from the SWIRS data base was
compiled by Ronald E. Ware and Dorothy P. Mitchell.
U S. Environmental Protection Agency
K.vjiC;'' V, Library
2.0 SoniM D^nrborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604.
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1979
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An environmental protection publication (SW-756) in the solid
waste management series. Minor typographic errors and format
inconsistencies in computer printouts herein are not corrected,
in the interest of expeditious availability of this information,
Protect^ Agency
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Section 1. General 3
2. Economics 23
3. Laws and Regulations 44
4. Health and Safety 63
5. Transportation 83
6. Processing, Disposal, and Siting 127
7. Analysis, Research, and Development 164
8. Metals and Toxic Substances 207
9. Pesticides 244
10. Radioactive Wastes 262
Appendix A. Abbreviations 319
B. Quantitative Measurements 321
C. Language Codes 322
D. Hierarchic Terms 323
E. Geographic Codes 334
F. Document Category Codes 336
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INTRODUCTION
This document makes available in printed form one of the eleven
major subject categories of the solid waste management literature
abstracted and stored on computer by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. A decision to close the computerized abstracting activities
of the Solid Waste Information Retrieval System (SWIRS) in 1979 was
influenced by rising costs and moderate growth of requests from users.
However, EPA's Office of Solid Waste has undertaken to publish the
1975 through 1978 data; abstracts from earlier years may appear in
some sections. The SWIRS monthly abstracts series formerly published
are no longer available.
User Requests
The basic documents listed in the abstracts as "Retained in SWIRS
library" may be requested via interlibrary loan through recognized
libraries.
This abstracts series will not cover publications of EPA's Office
of Solid Waste. Instead, users may request the catalog Solid Waste
Management: Available Information Materials, which covers the years
1966 to present. Address the request to: Solid Waste Information, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Saint Clair Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268. The above catalog includes indexes by subject, author,
and title, with order blanks.
Format, Abbreviations, and Typographic Errors
In the interest of making the data available expeditiously, the com-
puter printout is being reproduced without change of minor typographic
errors. Main abbreviations and acronyms are listed in the appendixes.
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Section I
GENERAL
(t) ShlRS ACC.HO.: O^oltO
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2] CAfEtOhK: 0» (2) hUW.TYPf,; S; I'
(3) AHTICLfc TITLE: Report.
(4) AUTHOR: Keapa ES
(5) CORPORATE AOThOR: inter Solid Hast.es/I-ublic Cleuasing Assoc
(6) BOOK TITLi.: In Solid Haste Management 2nd International
Proceedings-IStfA Italia 7o, Fiera di Padova 21-25 Giugno 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: £N (1U) JLO. ARfcA: MM/I* I. (1C) PUB. i£AR :
(11) ABSTRACT: The generation 01 Hazardous waste in Poland is the
topic of this report. It is pointed out that Hazardous or toxic waste
cannot be disposed of jointly with housenuld refute. Disposal «etnods
for hazardous or toxic waste liieiude rouse and/or recycling;
pretreatnent fcy p&ysicai, ciie*icai, or coubined aethods
(neutralization, precipitation, deputation, ana detoxification);
controlled tipping; and incineration, A hazardous waste screening model
is described and iliustcated. Legislative aspects ot nazardous waste
generation and disposal ic foiand are considered. In 1172, about 25% ot
all industrial and *unj.cipaj i«at-te »eie ciasiified as at least
partially noxious, and U. bS were ca te.jorized us stronyly toxic.
Partially noxiocs waste wau recyciea i.4* ot the time, while strongly
toxic waste was recycled only 3% ot tue tj.ne. Sources ot oazardous
waste and nethods employed in toit-ct.st-.Lng the amount ut hazardous or
toxic waste are described, iectsuoiogical solutions to the problem ot
hazardous waste are exaained. (Retained in bklnS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CONFi.RfcN«-£; DISPOSAL; tlAiAiiliOUii; INTfchNATIONAL;
POLAHD
(14} HIERAKCH TERMS: 1H«../2l)P
(IS) ST1BS ACC.NO.: 003^7230
(16) CITATION: Padova, Italy, Associazione Nazionale di Ingegueria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.897-911.
(1) SKIBS ACC.NO.: OU«1b4
(2J DOHESriC: f {2} CAI'i-GGJU: Ua (2)
(3J AETICLii, TIl'LK: Report.
(U) AOTHOB: Atfholder H
(5) CGBPOEtATE AUTHoB: Inter Solid wastes/labile Cleansing Assoc
(6) bOOK T1TLK: In Solid Waste Management 2nd International
Proceodings-ISMA Italia 76, Fiery
convenient technology and internal recycling, treatment removing or
decreasing waste toxicity and allocating its return to tne natural
environient without any danger or its salvage for furtner use, and
duaping on land or in subsoil under minimum risk conditions.
Legislation enacted in France tnat is applicable to noxious waste is
detailed. Enforcement ol a iaw enacted in 197b and the activities ot
bodies responsible IOL water conservation have led to tae creation of
stations tor the treatment 01 industrial noxious waste. These stations
include aixed plants involving incineration, cheaical/pnysicai
treataent, and disposal for special waste and plantt, involving just one
type of treataent or receiving only yiven types 01 wai>te. (Retained in
SHIRS library).
(12) KEtrfOfiDS: COHFiiRlOICi:; FBANtt; HAZARDOUS; INTtRH ATIuNAL; LA*;
POLiOflOU; PROBLtBS
(1H) HIERARCH TEiRHi: 1HC/2l)i-; 1l.f/2ib
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS47^3/
(16J CITATION: Paaova, Italy, Aiasocidzione JJaziondie di Ingegneria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.876-696.
3
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIBS ACC.1HO.: 04b1«3
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGOKI: G* (<>) SUBJ.TYPE; ii; T
(3) ARTICLE THUS: Report
(4) AUTHOR: Van Veen F
45) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Inter Solid Kastes/i?ublic Cleansing Assoc
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Solia Waste flanagement 2nd International
Proceedings-ISHA Italia 76, Fiera di Padova 21-25 Giugno 1976.
(loj LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2NF (1C) PUB. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: legislation dealing with tue disposal of cneaical
waste in the Netherlands is reported. Three acti> have been passed:
Chemical Haste Act, Baste Disposal Act, and Soil Protection Act. An
investigation initiated by the Institute tor haste Disposal in 1971, at
the request of the government, to focus on the collection ot aata about
chemical waste and treatment aethods and on ttte application of this
data to planning disposal facilities ana processing equipment
capacities is cited. Provisions of the three acts are detailed.
Treatment nethod a are identified as incineration; detoxification,
neutralization, and dewatermg; tne treatnent ot emulsions; biological
purification; and special aethods. Chemical waste is related to
corresponding disposal methods in tabular form, and data on estimated
amounts of chemical waste per treatment/disposal method are provided.
(Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; HA2,AKl>uUS;
INTERNATIONAL; LArf; NETHERLANDS
(14) HIERARCH TEKMS: 1HC/2DP; 1LF/2I0
(15) STIHS ACC.NO-: OOS47236
(16) CITATION: Padova, Italy, Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.866-875.
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 04B182
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOhX: o9 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Report.
(4) AUTHOR: Coleman AK
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Inter Solid Wastes/Public Cleansing Assoc
(.6) riOOK TITLE: In Solid waste Wauagenent 2nd International
Proceedings-ISwA Italia 76, Fiera di Padova 21-25 Giugno ti*76.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (1U) GEO. AKEA: lti)/2UK (10) PUB. XEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Waste disposal practices in the United Kingdom, with
particular reference to hazardous waste, are reviewed. Provisions of
the Control of Pollution Act of 1974 are outlined as they pertain to
hazardous or toxic waste. Typical conditions attached to consent for
tie discharge of trade effluent to municipal sewers are listed in
tabular form. Hain features ol the Deposit of Poisonous wastes Act are
noted, as this is the first legislation to embrace the disposal of
hazardous or toxic waste on laud. Environmental pollution aspects
associated with the disposal of specific types of industrial waste are
identified, along with other legislation reflecting worldwide responses
to environmental protection. Four techniques are commonly employed in
the United Kingdom tor the disposal of hazardous waste: chemical
treatment, incineration, polymerization, and recovery/cecycling. The
incineration of organic waste, incinerator operation controls, the
control of odor, and &ite drainage and spillage control are discussed.
(Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; KNY1RONHBNT; GREAT BRITAIN;
HAZARDOUS; INTERNATIONAL; POLLUTION; REGULATIONS
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EI'; 1HC/2DP; 1LF/2IB
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 00347235
(16) CITATION: Padova, Italy, Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.835-b65.
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GENERAT.
(1) SHIRS ACC.KO.: 04S161
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SObJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: General report.
(4) AUTHOR: Vogl J
(5J COHPOBATE AOTHOR: Inter Solid Bastes/Public Cleansing Assoc
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Solid Haste flanageaent 2nd International
Proceedings-ISHA Italia 76, fiera di tfadova 21-25 Giugno 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2GB (10) PUB. JtBAR : 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Di£ficttlties encountered in the disposal ot
hazardous waste in Bavaria are examined. Three groups of hazardous
waste are delineated: (1) chemical products that are toxic or present a
risk of air, water, or soil pollution and that appear in solid, pasty,
or liquid form; (2) waste that may considerably disfigure or iipair
nature, such as bulky scrap iron, junk cars, and old tires; and (3)
waste that is pathogenic and that may be a menace to public health. The
composition and amount of hazardous waste generated by industries are
considered. Bain producers of hazardous waste are the chemical, mineral
oil, steel, electrical, wood processing, plastic, ruboer, asbestos,
glass, and leather industries. Difficulties in the disposal of
hazardous waste relate to the distribution of hazardous waste,
collection, treatment in central plants, recycling, costs, and
organizational and technical aspects of disposal. (Retained in SHIRS
library) .
(t2) KEYWORDS: COHFEREHC^;; DISPOSAL-. GERMANY; HAZARDOUS;
INTERNATIONAL; PROBLEMS
(14) HIERAHCH TERBS: 1HC//DP
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 00547234
(16) CITATION: tadova, Italy, Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.781-b34.
(1) SHIRS ACC.RO.: 046404
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 21 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Current research on land disposal of municipal
solid wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: Schomaker HB
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Banerji, S. K., ed. Management of Gas and
Leachate in Landfills. Proceedings of the Third Annual Municipal Solid
Waste Research Symposium. (8) REPORT HO.: BPA-600/9-77-026
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 10S/20H (10) FOB. TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Investigation of the disposal and processing of
municipal solid and hazardous wastes is the primary responsibility of
the Solid and Hazardous Haste Research Division (SRWRD). The
Cincinnati, Ohio, office is directing research towards new and improved
systems of municipal and hazardous waste management, development of
technology, determination of environmental effects, and collection of
data necessary for the establishment of processing and disposal
guidelines. The current research program is divided into three areas:
(1) pollutant predictions for current landfill techniques; (2)
alternatives to current landfill disposal techniques; and (3) remedial
action for minimizing pollutants from unacceptable sites. Recent focus
on a waste-as-fuels program is discussed. Funding procedures are
delineated. (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT;
HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT; OHIO; RESEARCH; SANITARY LANDFILL
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DP/2RP; 1MA/2PF; 1RP
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.r OOS45455
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1977. p.1-12.
(t) SHIRS ACC.KO.: 046083
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORT: 16 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: G
(3j ARTICLE TITLE: Considerations for in-plant solid waste control.
(4) AOTHOR: Eldredge RW
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Waste Age
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) FOB. YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Thorough study of solid waste control procedures can
help industries improve their profits. If material is not wasted, it
does not require collection, storage, processing, or disposal as waste.
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HAZARDOUS W.U5TF, MANAGEMENT
Soae waste products have ralue as raw aaterials for other
manufacturers, representing aa income to offset waste control expenses.
Establishment of good waste control practices witliin the plant, can be
achieved by: proper receptacle placeaent; proper sizing of receptacles;
establishing a collection route; using control equipment to reduce
theft; reevaluating aanagenent procedures; considering subsequent
actions when choosing container locations; considering horizontal and
vertical clearance, and cost saving «ove«ent.s; investigating labor
costs; and selecting compatible equipment, Racagesent responsibility in
identifying hazardoas wastes and their appropriate disposal
requirelents is discussed.
(T2> KKYHORDS: COLLECTION; CO8TAIMEB; COST SSDOCTIOS; DISPOSAL;
KCOBOHICS; EQUIPMENT; HAZARDOUS; IMDDSTRT; MABAGESEST; MARKET;
BKCL.AHATI08; REFUSE; SOLID; STQ8ASE
{14} HIEBAHCR TERMS: 1IH/2CC; 1IH/2WT; 1MA/2TQ
(15) STIRS ACC.MO.: QOS45133
f16) CITAtlOS: 6(6):9B-101f Jun. 1975.
{1) SHIKS ACC.NO. : 0<4b3«9
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATfiGOHX: 09 (2) SUEJ.TTPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Evaluation of results.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal o£ Hazardous Wastes: Organization.
(10) LANGOAGE: EN (10) GEO. AK£A: 1EU; 1US (10) PUb. XEAfi: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT; Organizational schemes for the management and
disposal of hazardous waste in North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) countries are examined. Information was obtained primarily by
questionnaire from the following NATO countries: Belgian., Denmark, the
lederal Republic of Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United
Kingdom, and the United States, it was determined that organizational
issues in hazardous waste disposal should be considered in relation to
other aspects o£ aanaqe merit and not in isolation. Issues of particular
inportance are the cost ot transportation, the need for defining and
classifying hazardous waste, the management ot disposal facilities,
control of the generation and transier of hazardous waste, planning,
waste exchange systems, liability, insurance, financing, and special
regulations for certain waste types. (Retained iu ShlRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; iXOKQMICS; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; MAKA3EMENT;
H.AHNING; BJEGULATIONS; SURVEY: US
(11*) HIEEARCii TEHHS: 1UO/2KB; 1HA/2WF; 1BA/2HC; ISO
(15) STIHS ACC, HO..- OOS'*1d9Q
(16) CITATION: Morth Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977.
p.73-100.
(1) SWIRS ACC.SO..: Of4.S«46
(2J DOMESTIC: F (.21 CAVEtiOHY; 0» (^) SUbJ.TfPE: G
(6) BOOK TITLJE: Disposal of Hazardous Wastes: Organization.
(10) LAMGOAGE: EN (10) GJSO. AREA; t£U; 1US (10) PUB. iKArt: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The findings of a study conducted to assess
organizational proble»s encountered iii tbe «anavje«ent and disposal of
hazardoas vaste are presented. Ksphasis is placed on the rolluving
aspects of hazardous waste disposal, as practiced in North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (SATO) countries: legislative basis of the
organization of hazardous vaste disposal (regulations on the control of
waste flows and on the licensing of facilities, planning regulations,
and regulations on liability iiiid rinaacing and insurance] , the
practical execution of existing regulations, and the evaluation ot
advantages and disadvantages pertaining to different organizational
scheies. Hazardous waste Raactgenent J-ti NATO countries is considered.
Attention is given to aacageeent principles and the state oi the art,
regulations on waste stceai control and practices of control, planning
and limitation aspects of disposal districts, waste exchange sy&teas,
and special regulations or saaageaect systeis tor special types ot
waste. (Retained in SBIBS liDraty) .
(t2) KETBOBDS: CODTKOL; DISPOSAL; EUKGPE; UAZAEDOOS; HA8AGEHE«T;
BEGOLATIOBS; OS
(14) HIEEARCH TERHS: 1DB/2DK; 1bft/2HF; 1BA/2HC
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: GOS4Ub95
(16) CITATIOH: worth Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977. 108 p.
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GENERAL
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO, : 045785
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(6) BOOK TITLE: Alternatives tor Hazardous Waste Hanagement in the
Inorganic Chemicals Industry. (8) ttEPORT NO.: S*i-149c (9) CONTRACT
I.O.: EPA 68-01-4190
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PU13. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Technically reasible treatment techniques for
potentially hazardous wastes are identified that accomplish resource
recovery, waste detoxification, or volume reduction of waste for
ultimate disposal. Potentially hazardous waste streams are identified
as mercury, chlorinated hydrocarbons, asbestos, lead, metallic sodium
and calcium, waste water sludges, fiuoridt, arsenic, antimony,
chromate, nickel, and phosphorus. Industries that generate these wastes
are characteri7ed in terms or numuer, location, size, and production
capacity. Technologies for treating inorganic waste streams are
identified as calcination, dissolution, distillation, /electrolysis,
evaporation, filteration, higa gradient magnetic separation,
neutralization and pH control, and precipitation. Processes selected
for treatment ot specific wat>te streams are identiried, analyzed, and
given costs. In addition, land disposal options and costs are
discussed. A comparison oi the cost of the proposed treatment processes
with sanitary cr chemical land disposal for each waste stream found
that sanitary landfill operations would he significantly lower in
capital outlays for 13 ol the 15 waste streams identified.
Consideration was also given to energy requirements for the respective
treatments. The appendixes contain Known occupational and health
effects of potentially hazardous compounds, cost bases for cost
analyses tasks, and sanplt calculation of costs, (attained in Sriias
library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; ECOHOrtiCS; HAZARDOUS; INORGANIC;
BAKAGEHiJNT; PROCESS; TREATMENT
(1U) tllERARCH TERKS: 1CH/2CA; 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HG; 1HA/2MU; 1TG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 003414(334
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. 301 p.
(1) SB1RS ACC.NO.: 04 65 20
(2} DOHESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Programas de control de coutaminacion de suelos
en la Republica Argentina. (Programs of soil contamination control in
the Republic of Argentina).
(«} AUTHOR: Levy H
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Pan American Health Organization
(6J BOOK TITLE: In Symposio Sobre Aabiente, Salud y Desarrollo en
las Americas. (Symposium on Environment, Health and Development in the
Americas).
(10) LANGUAGE: SP (10) GEO. ARKA: 1SA (10) PUB. YEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Contamination of ti»e soil in the RepuDlic of
Argentina, and programs to combat it, are discussed, farmland, -the base
of the Argentine economy, is threatened by poor disposal techniqeus in
particular. The contaminants, both organic and inorganic, include:
radioactive materials, pathogenic wastes, metals, chemicals in
industrial Hastes and nerbicides. Previously, each contamination
problem had been dealt with individually and on a provincial oasis. In
recent years, the need tor a coaprehensive program has become evident.
A ten-part national effort, to Joe administered by the Secretary of
Natural Resources, is detailed. Haps of the regions involved are
included. (Original text in Spanish).
(12) KEYWORDS: HAZARDOUS; LAHi»; PATHOGEN; PLAHNING; RADIOACTIVE
(14) HIERARCH TERBS: 1DO/2DH; 1HA/2BF; 1PM; 1SO
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS44S66
(16) CITATION: Lisa, Peru, Centro Pananerico de lugenieria
Sanitaria y Ciencias del Ambiente, 29 aul.-2 Aug. 1974. p.245-258.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044591
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Le traiteaent des dechets speciaux (The
treatment of special wastes).
(4) AUTHOR: Vogl J
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Techniques et Sciences Municipales
(10) LANGUAGE: FR (10) G£0. AREA: 1EU (10) PUB. YEAR: 197?
(11) ABSTRACT: industrialization has heavily increased wastes which
because of their chemical and pnysical characteristics present special
problems and cannot be treated in the same Manner as otaer domestic
wastes. Vogl summarizes the discussions and presentations at the 1976
Padua Solid Haste Congress in this general report. Hastes which are
toxic or dangerous for air, water, or soil pose specific problems in
planning techniques and organization of treatment, recycling, and
elimination. This article covers general information on 1) legislative
and administrative Measures for organizing the treatment of special
wastes; 2) measures for reducing the production ot special wastes; 3)
•easures for extracting special wastes; and 4) Measures tor organizing
collection, treatment, and elimination of special wastes.
(12) KEYWORDS: COLLECTION; CONFERENCE; RECLAHAT10N; REGULATIONS;
TOXIC; TREATMENT
(14) HIERABCH TEHHS: ITD; 1CB/2CA/3CB; 1CC/2CJ; 1DD/2DL; 1DD/2DH;
1HA/2H6; 1LB; 1SE/2SP
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43636
(16) CITATION: 72(4):179-172, Apr. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044313
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 U) SUBJ.TXPE: S; X
(6) BOOK TITLE: Proceedings: 1976 National Conference on Control
of Hazardous Material Spills, New Orleans, LA, Apr. 25-26, 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A conference was convened in April, 1976 to address
problems related to the management and control of hazardous Material
spills. Approximately 80 presentations dealt with a variety of topics
under the following headings: prevention, risk and impact analysis,
detection, air pollution, cleanup, information and data retrieval,
response, personnel safety, and ultimate disposal. A report was made by
the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the
Manufacturing Chemists Association, Environment Canada, and the United
Kingdom of their respective information retrieval systems for hazardous
material spills. (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CONFERENCE; L'ONXKOL; DISPOSAL; FEDERAL;
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; INMSTKT; INFOiMAIIOM; MANAGEMENT; PERSONNEL;
SPILLAGE
(14) HIERARCH TEBHS: 1DU/2L-h ; 1HA/2HF; IHA/2HH; 1WA/2HB
(1i>) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43357
(16) CITATIOS: Rocxville, K», Information Transfer, Inc., 1976.
443 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044235
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGOBX: Oy (2} SOBJ.TYtE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Levin J
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: HAPORA, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Assessment or Industrial Hazardous Haste
Practices-Special Machinery Manufacturing Industries.
(8) NTIS NO.: Pa-265 981 (a) REPORT SO.: SH-141c (9) COBTRACT
NO.: 6W-01-3193
(10) LANGUAGE: iiS (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: hazardous waste generation and Management in
industrial establishdments which manuracture special industry
machinery, office, computing, and accounting giachines are described.
The results of 33 plant surveys show that land disposed process waste
from the industries falls into five categories: machine shop, heat
treating, electroplating, materials coating, and loandry waste.
Specific process waste types are characterized according to their
chemical constituteats and physical properties. Treatment and disposal
techniques and attendant costs for each type of process waste at three
levels of technology are examined: (1) the most prevalent technology in
8
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GENERAL
use; (2) the best technology employed; and (3) the technology required
foe adequate health and environmental protection. Total process waste
and hazardous constituent quantities are estimated for the tive
categories on a national level and are broken down by Environmental
Protection Agency regions and States, (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEMORDS: CHEMICAL; DiTA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; FEDERAL;
GOVEBNBfEMT; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; HABAGEBEHT; PHYSICAL;
PLAHT-IHDOSTBIAL; SI A IE ; SORVEY; TREATMENT
(11) HIEKARCH TERBS: 1EA/2EA; 1EE; 1HA/2H?; 1BA/2HG; 1HA/2BH
(15) STIRS ACC.NO.: OOS43279 (15) SECONDABY AUTHORS: Beeland 6;
Greenberg J
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Bar. 1977. 309 p. (Solid Haste Management Service.)
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044196
12) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: Peters GO
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: HAPOBA, Inc
16} BOOK TITLE: Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Haste
Practices-Electronic Components Manufacturing Industry. (8) BEP08T
HO.: SH-140C (9) COBTHACT NO.: 66-01-3193
(10) LANGUAGE: fit) (10) POD. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste generation and management in the
electronic components manufacturing industry are described. The results
of surveys of 23 plants show that product and manufacturing process
diversity within the industry precludes the satisfactory correlation of
these factors with waste types. Survey data indicated that land
disposed waste from the industry tails into 10 waste categories, five
categories of which contain such hazardous materials as halogenated
solvents, nonhalogenated solvents, waste water treatment sludge,
painting waste, and hydraulic and lubricating oils. The remaining five
categories include unquantifiable amounts of hazardous materials, no
hazardous materials, or waste that is not typically landtilled.
Hazardous properties of the industry's land disposed waste involve
flammability, corrosivity and dermal irritation, oral toxicity, and
bioconcentration. The estimated total quantity of potentially hazardous
waste land disposed by the industry in 1975 was 54,500 tons on a wet
weight ton basis. More than half of this total constituted waste water
treatment sludge. The best technology applied and the technology
required to provide enviornaeutally adequate treatment for waste and
associated costs are discussed. (Retained in SHIRS Horary) .
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; GENERATION; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; MANAGEMENT; OIL; PA 1ST; Si.UDGE; SOLVENT; SURVEY; TREATMENT;
WASTE HATBB
(14) HIEBARCH TERMS: 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HH; 1BA/2HH; ISO
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 00343239 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Levin J;
Thomas V
(16) CITATION: Hashington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Jan. 1977. 197 p. (Solid Haste Management Series.)
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044114
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oy (2) SUbJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITL&: Problems concerning hazardous materials disposal
discussed for Wisconsin PCA„
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: American faint and Coatings J
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: US/2 HI (10) PUB. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Government and commercial views on the disposal of
hazardous and toxic raw materials and waste were presented at a meeting
of the Wisconsin Paint and Coatings Association. Haste discarded by
manufacturers were estimated as follows for paint containers: 60
million pints; 160 million quarts; 320 million gallons; and for
containers of raw materials, paint and tinisned products, 16 million
five gallon cans and 3.7 million 55 gallon drums. Various disposal
options are noted. Chem Haste provides an approved, nonpollutin
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
waste product disposal. There are no regulations toe the sate disposal
of toxic and hazardous Materials. Guidelines for pollution control will
be presented to the state by the Environmental Protection Agency.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTAINER; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS; PAINT;
SANITARY LANDFILL; WISCONSIN
(14) BIERARCH TEBHS: 1DO/2DG; 1DD/2DH; 1PA/2PA; 1TD
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OGS43157
(16} CITATION: 60(50] :52, flay 24, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.KO.: 043992
(2J DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0V (2} SUBJ.TYPE: X
(6) BOOK TITLE: Assess!ent of Industrial Hazardous Haste Hanagement;
Petroleum Re-Refining Industry. (8) hEPORT No.: SH-144C
(10) LANGUAGE: SUV (10) GBO. AREA: 1US/2DC (10) PUB. IEAB : 1971
(11) ABSTRACT: Resource recovery nas iiecoie a Batter of great
importance in worldwide public awareness. Wastes fro* manufacturing
sources generated in trenendous quantities are often a threat to our
environment and, when not recycled, irretrievably deplete our finite
resources. This study report attempts to qualify and quantify the
potentially hazardous wastes generated by the petroleum rerefining
industry in the United States. It further surveys the industry
characteristics as well as the treatment and disposal technology and
costs for its wastes. Projected production of rerefined oil and
generation of wastes, using tue best data available, have been Bade for
1977 and 19fa3. (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
HANAGEHEHT; OIL; RECLAMATION; REFINERY; IREATHEHT
(14) HIERAfiCH rEBMS: 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HF; 1PF/2PG/3PH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43035
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. 148 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.UO.: 043902
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Overview of residuals management in
Pennsylvania.
(4) AUTHOR: Herritt GL
(61 BOOK TITLE: In Land Application of Residuals. Proceedings:
Engineering Foundation Conference, Easton, HD, Sep. 26-Oct. 1, 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/2PA (10) PUB. TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The State plan for the management of residuals in
Pennsylvania is described. A three-phase effort has been initiated,
enco»passing standards development, permit coordination, and planning.
This effort is in response to stricter environmental control
requirements for air and water pollution. Data on the quantities of
solid waste generation in Pennsylvania are -tabulated. Types of waste
generated by certain industries in the State are listed. Also provided
is a listing of estimated quantities of industrial process and
nonprocess waste. Pennsylvania's solid Haste Management Act requires
that selected municipalities must plan for the disposal of all solid
waste generated within their boundaries. Objectives of the State
hazardous waste management plan are identified. Elements of
comprehensive water quality aanagenent planning that affect solid waste
management are noted. Institutional, financial, and legal aspects of
residual waste control are addressed. The importance of permit
coordination and the development of adequate disposal criteria and
standards is discussed.
(12) KEYHORDS: CONTROL; CRITERIA; DATA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; INSTITUTION; LAH; LEGAL; BAHAGBMENT; MUNICIPALITY;
PENNSYLVANIA; PLANNIHG; REGULATIONS; RESIDUE; STATE
(1U) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DP; 1HA/2HF; 1IC/2IY; 1HA/2HG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS42945 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Galida GH
(16) CITATION: New York, BY, American Society of Civil Engineers,
1976. p.124-134.
10
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GENERAL
(1) StflBS ACC.SO.: Q437W
(2) DOBBST1C: D (2) CA1EGORJ:: 0* (2) SUBO.TYl'K: G
(3J ARTICLE TITLE: Environmental consideratious for hazardous waste
management facilities.
(1} AUTHOR: Metry AA
(6) BOOK TITLt: In Proceedings: 23rd Annual Technical Meeting or
the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Technology *77,
Los Angeles, CA, Apr. 25-21, 19/7.
(10) LANGOAGE: &H (10) PUb. YEAK: 1^77
(HJ ABSTRACT: Criteria ior use ui planning tor the construction
and design of hazardous waste icanageatoit facilities are presented. The
impact of hazardous waste froa the following industries is considered:
Mining and metallurgy, paint and dye, pesticide, electrical and
electronic, printing and duplicating, electroplating and «et.al
finishing, chemical manufacturing, explosives, rubber and plastics,
battery, pharmaceutical, textile, petroleum and coal, pulp and paper,
and leather. The role ot the Federal Government and State governments
ill hazardous waste management is uiscussetf. ttecom mended criteria for
hazardous waste management facilities deal with facility location, the
identification or hazardous w<»ste, storage facilities, transfer
stations, transport aud handling, treatment, land disposal facilities,
the preparation of hazardous waste for disposal and thermal processing
facilities. The preparation 01 hazardous waste for disposal involves
chemical fixation, volume reduction, segregation, detoxification,
degradation, and encapsulation.
(12} KEfiTOfiDS: CUfcBlCAL; CONSTRUCTION; OUTER-iA; DESIGN; DISPOSAL;
ELECTRICAL; FACILITY; FEDERAL; GOtfEkNHEKX; HAiASDOOb; IUDDSTRX;
HANAGEHENT; BETAL; B1HE; 1'AIST; PESTiCIDt; PLAMN1HU; STATE
HIERABCH i'EBMS: 1i)U/2t)i»; laA/2HP; .IflA/iHU
STIRS ACC.NO.: OOSU2797
(16) CITATION: Ht. trospect, 1L, institute of Environmental
Sciences, 1977. p.101-106.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOHESTIC: D (21 CATEGOKK: U9 (2\ 3UBJ.TXPE: G
(6J bQOK TITLE: A Survey of hazardous Waste Generation ana Disposal
Practices in Kansas, v.2.
(10> LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/2(tS (10) PUij. IEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Data are tabulated on the generation of hazardous
waste in the State ot Kansas; during 1974. The Standard industrial
Classification (SIC) Code is used to organize and identity the 3*6
industries included in tne survey. Ihe data tabulations provide
information on the generation of hazardous wat>te: gallons per year for
liquid waste and percent gallons, and tons per year tor solid waste and
percent tons. Hazardous waste generation data ror 14 sajor SIC groups
are reported: (1) food and Kindred products; (if) printing, puolisaing,
and allied industries; (3) chemical and allied products; (it) petroleum
refining and related industries; (b) luboer ami miscellaneous plastic
products; (fa) leather and leather products; (7) stone, clay, glass, and
concrete products; (B) primary metal industries; (9) fabricated metal
products, except machinery ana transportation equipment; (10)
machinery, except electrical; (11) electrical d.nd electronic aacftinery,
equipment, and supplies; (lx!j transportation equipment; (13) railroad
transportation; and (14) electric, gas, and sanitary services.
(Retained in SWIRS library) .
(12) KEYnORDS: CHESiCAL; CLAY; COHCRtTE; DATA; ELECTRICAL;
EQUIPHEST; POOD PROCESSING; Cil.Ai.3; HA2.AJ
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SB1RS ACC.NO.: 043366
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGoia: 0* (2) SObJ.rXfE: G
(5) CORPORATE AUl'HOR: Kansas Oept. of Health and iinvironment
(6) BOOK TITLE: A Survey o± Hazardous Haste Generation and Disposal
Practices in Kansas.
(10) LA8GUAGE: KH (10) GKO. A«EA: 10S//!KS (10) PUB. »EAH; 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A study was initiated in 1975 cy the Kansas
Department of Health and Environment to determine the quantity of
hazardous waste generated and disposal practices in the State.
Objectives of the study were to identify the sources of hazardous
waste, estimate the total quantity and cnaracteristics of hazardous
waste generated in Kansas dunny 19/4, identity treatment, and disposal
techniques, establish a readily retrievable bank of iufomatiou on
hazardous waste sources, and conduct a review of legislation and
administrative policies. 396 manufacturing industries were studied due
to their high potential for producing hazardous waste and 31 pesticide
applicators and 24 hospitals or institutions were also included in the
study. Industries studied during 1974 generated 5.4 million gallons of
liquids and 27,000 tons of solid sludge containing hazardous materials.
Caustic solutions, waste oil, acids, and neavy metals in solution
accounted tor 92 percent of the total quantity of liquid waste. Sludge
containing heavy metals, miscellaneous types of waste, nalogenated
organics, and paint sludge uccounteu tor 97 percent 01 the solid sludge
containing Hazardous waste. The petroleum refining industry generated
the largest volume of hazardous waste, toilowed i>y ttie chemical and
allied products industry, the transportation equipment industry, and
the fabricated metal products industry. Priorities for the improved
management of hazardous waste are listed. (Detained in SWifis library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ADMlNISf JtA XiON; DISPOSAL; EQUIPMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HOSPITAL; IHDUSTRI; ISFOKMAIIoN; INbfiruTiON; KANSAS; LIQUID;
MABASEMENT; HETAL; ORGASIJ; PAINT; PESTICIDE; REFINER*; SLUDGE;
THAHSPOHT; TREATMENT
(14) HIEHARCB TERMS: 1HA/2HF; 1BA/2WG
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OUS42399
(16) CITATION: Topeka, KS, Kansas Department of Health and
Environment, Har. 1977. 9 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 043114
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORT: 14 (2) SOBJ.TIPE: 6
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Garbage and regionalism.
{») AUTHOR: Banks S
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: nation's Cities
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) PUB. IEAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Regionalism, already well under way in solid waste
disposal, was given a major boost, with the passage of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). The act, among other
things, calls for creation of a nationwide system of substate regional
solid waste planning districts. The act establishes a comprehensive
framework for identifying and regulating solid and hazardous waste and
also for upgrading local waste management practices. RCRA is more
likely to achieve its objectives than previous federal environmental
legislation because of its emphasis on state and local responsibility.
The most important section of the act is the section on estate and
Regional Solid Haste Plans," in which governors in consultation with
local officials are instructed to use previously issued Environmental
Protection Agency guidelines to identify regional solid waste
management units and designate a state agency responsible for
implementing the state plan. Regional planning agencies are to begin
putting their plans into action by March 1978. Municipal officials are
urged to take an active role in planning to assure that State
consultation with local officials takes fall account of the advantages
of existing municipal disposal arrangements. Although funding has
12
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GENERAL
i»proTed under the Carter administration, it is still insufficient and
•any states may choose not to cooperate in enacting the various
provisions of the Act.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECOHOBICS; ENVIRONMENT; EPA; FEDERAL;
HAZARDOUS; LAW; LOCAL; MANAGEMENT; MUNICIPAL; RECLAMATION; REPOSE;
REGIONAL; SOLID; STATE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DP; 1ED; 1LB/2LD; 1HA/2ME
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42157
(16) CITATION: 15 (5): 22-23, Hay 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 0425<»2
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKI: 09 (2) SUBJ-TIPE: G
(6) BOOK TITLE: A Survey of Hazardous Haste Generation and Disposal
Practices in Kansas, v.1.
(10) LABGOAGfi: EM (10} GEO. AREA: 1US/2KS (10) PUB. IEAK: 1*77
(11) ABSTRACT: A study was initiated in 1975 uy the Kansas
Department of Health and Environ sent to deterame the quantities of
hazardous waste generated and disposal practices in toe State. Five
specific objectives of the stud; were to identity sources ot hazardous
Haste, estimate the total quantity and characteristics of hazardous
waste generated in Kansas daring 1974, identity treatment and disposal
techniques, establish a readily retrievaule banK of information on
hazardous waste sources, and conduct, a review of legislation and
administrative policies, selected for the study were 396 manufacturing
industries. In addition, 31 pesticide applicators and 24 hospitals or
institutions were included in the study. Manufacturing industries
generated 5,450,000 gallons of liquid hazardous vaste and 27,200 tons
of solid sludge containing hazardous waste. Caustic solutions, waste
oil, acids, and heavy metals in solution accounted for about 92 percent
of the total quantity of liquid waste. Sludge containing heavy metals,
Miscellaneous waste, halogeuated organics, and paint sludge accounted
for approximately 97 percent of solid sludge containing hazardous
waste. Four industry groups accounted for roughly 93 percent ot all
hazardous waste generated: petroleum retining, cnemical and allied
products, transportation equipment, and fabricated metal products
industries. The exportation oi hazardous waste was found to be the
primary disposal technique used by Kansas industries. (Retained in
SHIRS library)
(12) KEIUORDS: CLASSIFICATION; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; HOSPITAL;
IMDOSTBI; INSTITUTION; KANSAS; PESTICIDE; SUKwEX
(14) hlERABCH TEfeHS: 1HA/2Hf; 1MA/2MG; ISO
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS4163S
(16) CITATION: Topeka, Kansas Department ot Health and Environment,
Bar. 1977. 158 p.
(1) SHIRS ICC.MO.: 042165
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKX: 0* U) SOBJ .1'YPB: 6
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Considerations in planning the management of
hazardous waste materials.
(4) AUTHOR: Price Dfl
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Pollution engineering
(1C) LANGUAGE: ED (1U> put*. XEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTBACr: Considerations in planning the management or
hazardous waste materials are reviewed. A number of questions snould be
answered whether the generator opts for internal naudlicg ot wastes or
the engagement of an outside service: (1J Mnat exactly are the wastes
to &e handled? (2) Are the wastes in a torn ror final disposal or tust
they oe processed into a manageable condition? (3) Mnat Kind of hauling
equipment is necessary to transport the materials? (4) Does the
generator have the proper permits to aaul tne satenais? (5) rihat
facilities are available at the disposal site? and (6) Given the
preceding answers, would a decision to handle wastes internally produce
an economically sould result and are there possicilities for resource
recovery? An ideal program is outlined which would include complete
laboratory analysies of wastes and wa^te waters; acquisition of
permits; collection and transportation; treatment and disposal;
resource recovery; and consultation. The general economic climate is
another aspect to be Kept in mind since a good economy might spur the
13
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
release of governaent funds. The pollution engineer who recoasends an
outside service and follows up regularly will find nis workload freed
of *any of the lesser problens in haadliruj hazardous nastes.
(t2) KBTirOBBS: CONTRACT; DISPOSAL; HA2AKDOUs; MANAGEMENT; MANUAL;
PLANNING; POLLUTION
O») HIEBARCH TEBMS: 1 HA/2 OF; 1HA/2HG; IHA/^Mri
{15} STIMS ACC.NO.; 00541199
(16) CITATION: 9(2):31, Feb. 1977.
(1) SBIHS RCC.SO.r 010562
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBT: 10 (2) SOB.T.TTE: G (10) GI.O.
AREA: 1ED (10) PUB. 1EAH: 1976
(11} ABSTRACT: The Office of fcesearch and Development work on the
Public Sector Activities Program is reviewed. There are three research
subprograms and waste management is organized in five areas; wastewater
treatment technology, soil treataent systeas, rinoff pollution control,
community wastewater system management, and solid! and hazardous waste
sanagenent. The 9eneral area of research in each of these sub-jects is
reviewed. In 1976 emphasis will be on technological problems associated
with the Construction Grants Program, principally the processing and
disposal, of sludges from wasteaater treataent system. Bpgradiag
existing treatient works and alternative vastewater iisintection
technologies vill also receive attention. The fiv«> ^ear Plan bias the
save objectives, with increased attention to inprovinq existing
treaturent facilities with instrumentation, automation, an3 improved
operation and aaintenance prcxreJnres, integrated Jry ano wet. '«ieatlier
sanageaent systems for orban wastewaters, tre»atsent tpcbnoluyiffs to
achieve the goals of P. L. 92-500, other treatment technologies for
specific discharge conditions, and development of non structuriil
approaches to urban and suburban runoff control. Sa~)or qoals o£ tbe
nater supply ^ubprogra* include researching isnroved netHods of
identifying and aeasaring contaainants ia driakino water and finding
their source and effects, and improved treatipnt letbo-^s of raw water.
Environaental aanageaent ooals involva investigation of linkages aaong
various residuals generated and discharged by coiannity activities,
design of integrated environmental ianar:er«ent systess, evaluation of
iapacts on all aedia of single aedia pollution control ctrate-^ies, &nd
development of technical guidance niftliods.
(12) KTT WORDS: ECONoaiCS; ESV lROattS!JT; ?HPA; flCtLITY; GRANT;
HAZAfiDOaS; HEALTH; aAtASEMEST; ?LASH1^G; PROGRA"; PHBL1C; 83SSkBC;i;
HESTDUK; TBEATHKST; MASTS HATfiH
(1H) HIERAHC3 TERHS: 1AR
(15) STIUS ACC.SO.: OOS39606
(18) DOC.CIT-: Public sector activities. In 0. S. !?nviron»ental
Protection Agency Environmental Research Outlook, FY 1976 through 1980.
Report to Congress^ Feb. 1976. Environaental Protection publication
EPA—600/9—76—003. Bas'iington, 0- S. Environmental Protecrtioa Agency,
1976. p. 85-1C1-
(t) S»1KS ACC.NO.: 040272
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CA1EGOKI: 09 (/) SOBJ.I'Yi'E: G
(4) AUTHOR: Train BE (10) GEO. AKEA: 1Ca; 1i6/2i.u (10) POb.
YBAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A e.peeca by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Administrator as deiiveied to the Drug, Chemical auu
Allied Trades Association) i^ pres«-nted. The neeo tor CGOptratio.fi
between the Che«i.cal Manufact-urmy j.*i DOC.CIT.: Tram, H, E. Controlling the risks we create: the
need for toxic substances coatrol legislation. Presented at the 3priny
Luncheon of the Drug, Cheaical «£d Allied Trades Association, New YorK,
BY, June 17, 1976. 13 p.
14
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GENERAL
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 04005d
12) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKI: 09 (2) SUUJ ,TX*>£: 6 (10) GEO.
ABBA: 1HA (10) FOB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The progress, problems, ana growth of the hazardous
waste management industry is discussed by the Chemical Haste Committee
o£ the National Solid Hastes Management Association. The historical
background to this Committee is examined with its relationship with the
government. The creation of the cuemeal waste industry and various
attitudes of organizations are outlined. The status of the industry and
its future are discussed, with reference to the industry's dependence
on legislation and its enforcement. A discussion of tne Committee's
definition of hazardous waste is given, as is a discussion on disposal
versus pretreatment. The probieas of the *aste exchange concept are
mentioned and the views of the Committee on transportation and storage
are presented. A discussion ou waste sheds and the exportation of waste
over regional boundaries is given. The purpose of a trip ticket or
manifest to accompany waste in transportation is explained and States
using the system are mentioned. The federal role in waste disposal is
seen as inadequate ana an outline 01 its position ana tne role of tne
EPA is given and discussed. The responsibility of the States and the
action that they have taken legislatively is reported. State training
programs are developing and the progress of State regulatory programs
is presented and discussed.
(12) KEIrtOBDS: ASSOC; CHEMICAL; DEFINITION; DISCUSSION; EPA;
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; BISTORJ; IfcDUiTBI; LAW; MANAGEMENT; flATERIALS
HANDLING; TRAINING
(14) HIEBARCH TERMS: 1MA/2BB
(15J STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS39102
(IB) DOC.C1T.: New thrust for hazardous waste management. Waste
Age, 7(11) :40, 42, 44, 46, 49-50, 52, 54, 56-58, 60, 62, 68, Mov. 1976.
(1J SW1RS ACC.SO.: 039906
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGuKY: 09 (2) SUfaJ.TXPE: 5; T (10) POB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The proceedings ot 1975 puolic meetings on hazardous
waste management are reported. The meetings were convened by the
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste Management
Programs. They were held on December 2 in Newarx, New Jersey; on
December 4 in Rosemont, Illinois; ou December 9 iu bouston, 1'exas; and
on December 11 in San Francisco, California. The «eetj.ngs were attended
by members of the public, representatives of industrial firms that
generate hazardous waste, and environmentalists. The oojective of the
meetings was to obtain anu disseminate information and recommendations
on hazardous waste management issues. Sixteen major discussion topics
were addressed during the tour meetings: (1) definition of hazardous
waste; (2) responsibilities ana liabilities os. hazardous waste
generators; (3) hazardous waste disposal Bethodi.; (4) practices tor
rendering waste harmless; (_>) cost data on processes and techniques for
the treatment and disposal of hazardous waste; (6) saiety; (7)
provisions for site monitoring ana iccorditeeping; (a) availability of
insurance and other mechanisms to reduce the risk to operators of
private hazardous waste facilities; (a) Hazardous waste storage and
disposal sites; (10) teasj.bj.lity methodologies for estauiishing limits
on the amount of hazardous waste generated; (11) transportation safety
regulations; •(12) labeling; (1JJ aaasage costs of improper hazardous
waste nanayeaent; (14) »echanisac for soliciting citizen acceptance of
hazardous waste management facilities; (!:>) hazardous waste generated
by federal faciiites; (1t>) mvolveaent of the private sector in the
treatment ana disposal of hazardous waste. (Jsetainea in SHIRS library)
(12) KEIdORDr,: CONFEU1.NCE; DISPOSAL; ECONOH1CS; ENVIRONMENT; EPA;
HAZARDOUS; iNDUSIRX; INFUKflA'i'iON ; MANAGEMENT; «ATi:,RlAi.S HAKDLING;
OS^SP; PUBLIC; RESPONSIBILITY; SAiETi; SITES; TKANSPOKT; TREAi'BENI
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS3o950
(18) liOC.Cir.: Corson, A. S. , P. A. savage, ana C. A. baggatts,
eds. Proceedings; the 1975 tublic Meetings on Lazardous Waste
Management, Newark, tiJ, Hoseaont, 111, doustou, TX, and San Francisco,
CA, Dec. 1975. 2 V. uifice of Solid »aste Management Programs
Publication SW-9p. Wasnin^ton, U.S. environmental Protection Agency,
1976. 17J6 p.
15
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 03&472
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2» CATLGGRS: 0* (2) SUfaO.TXPE: G |10) FOB.
SEAR: 1976
(It) ABSTRACT: The results or a General Accounting otfice (GAO)
report on needed improvements in waste disposal are presented. The
study by GAO concerned the disposal of commercial and military nuclear
waste, excluding high level radioactive waste, I'nree iiroad areas were
addressed in the study: suitability ox disposal sites, improvements
needed in program management and regulatory efforts, and long term care
of disposal sites, The following commercial sites are discussed in the
GAO report: Beaty, Nevada; Horeiiead, AentucKy; West ifiilley. New iorK;
Richiand, Washington; Sheffield, Illinois; ana Barnwell, South
Carolina. Also covered in tne report are sites operated by contractors
of the Energy Kesearch and Development Adainistration. GAO states that
some disposal sites are releasing radioactivity to the environment.
Recommendations are made witn regard to studies ou the effectiveness of
sites in retaining waste, evaluation of the adequacy ot monitoring
programs at disposal sites, improvements in tue regulation of disposal
sites, need for ways to improve record*eepiny practices at disposal
sites, and tne responsicility ror costs involved in long term care of
disposal sites. Program policies and coordination are addressed in
terms of federal technical and financial assistance at commercial waste
disposal sites,
(12) KtrwORDS: COMHEfiClAL; DISPOSAL; GOVEttNdKNT; ILLINOIS;
KENTUCKI; MiLITARX; NEVADA; NiJtf KOB.-v; RADIOACTIVE; RESEARCH; SIXES;
SOUTH CAROLINA; WASHINGTON
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OUS37:>1to
(Iti) DOC.Clt.: Non-high-level wastes: iBprovements are needed in
disposal GAO report, nuclear News, 1* (4):BO-bl, 3ar. 197b.
(t) ShiHS ACC.NO.: 038073
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGOkX: 0^ (2) SOBJ.TYPB: S; t (10) FOB.
XEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: This document, presents the current state of
Knowledge about the production, usage, and distribution of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCis) in the United States. The information
presented is derived from detailed studies on the production and first.
tier user industries, the past and present generation and disposition
ot PCi* containing wastes, environmental PCB usage, inadvertent losses
to and potential formation in the environment, and current regulatory
authorities for PCB control. These results indicated that, although PCB
content of industrial wastes can be reduced tarough various approaches
such as treatment and substitution, there exists a potentially severe
future hazard in the form of large amounts of PCB currently contained
in land disposal sites. Furtner definition of tnis and otaer aspects of
the PCB problem, and determination of ways to minimize the hazard, are
recommended.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTROL; Di./INlrlO»; DISPOSAL; EN VIRUNrtENT;
HAZARDOUS; INbOSTHlf; LAND; POLLUTION; POL KCtfLOHlNATH); PRODUCE;
REDUCTION; REGULATIONS; TRANSPORT; Ui.; jriLIZE; BASTE KATEE
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOS371V/
(»d) DOC.CIT.: Durfee, B. L. , G. Contos, and f. C. whitaore. PCo
in the United states: industrial use and environmental distributions.
Environmental Protection Publication £PA S60/t>-7b-005- Washington, DC,
0. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Feb. 26, 1*76. 4b4 p.
(Distributed by National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
VA, as Pc252012. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03S072
(2) UOBESTIC: D (2) CAT£GOKlf: G* (2) SUbJ.TYti: S; T (10) PUB.
X£»H; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Nine industrial plants were sampled to determine
hexachlorobenzene (ICtf) levels in air, water, soil and sediment. The
plants represent six major industries: (1) percnloroelhyiene, (2)
trichioroetaylene, (3) carbon tetrackionae, 44) chlorine, (5) triaziue
herbicides, (b) pentachloronitrobenzene. In general, higner levels of
HCB were associated vith the production of lower chlorinated
hydrocarbons toan with the production ot otner chemicals. HCB levels in
16
-------
GENERAL
soil and air at the pentachloronitrocenzene plant were relatively high.
The levels of HCb associated with plants producting chlorine and
triazine herbicides were very low. Several different vaste disposal
methods were used at the perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene plants
that were sampled. The highest level of HCB was detected in air and
soil at the plant using on site landfill and open pit storage, high HCB
levels were detected in loading and transfer areas at plants using off
site disposal Methods, the highest level in an open waste treatment
pond was 306 micrograms per liter. The level of HCB in soil within the
plant area was over 1,000 micrograms per gran at three plants. The
maximum concentration of HCb in air sampled olf plant property was 0.
36 micrograms per cubic neter. A level of 3 mcrograms per cubic meter
was detected at the boundary of another plant. Soil taken from a
cornfield adjacent to one plant contained 1. 1 micrograms per gram, and
over 3,000 micrograms per gram were detected along the boundary road of
another. UCB levels in water sampled beyond the plant exceeded 1
microgram per liter at two plants. Samples were collected from two
sewage treatment plants; negligible quantities of BCB were detected.
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CHEMICAL; CHLORINE; KAKTh; BtDKOCABBON;
MKASUKEHKNTS; HOHITOR; ORGANIC; PLAMl'-INDBSTBIAL; POLLUTION; SAMPLING
METHODS; SANITAfcl LANDFILL; SUKYE1; TOXIC; tfATER
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ7116
(IB) DOC.CIT.: Li, S. T. , J. L. Spigarelii, and J. fc. Going.
Sampling and analysis of selected toxic substances: task 1A
hexachlorobenzene. Environmental Protection Publication EPA
560/6-76-001. Washington, DC, U. S, Environmental Protection Agency,
June 1976, 151 p. (Distributed by the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA, as 1*8253794. )
(1) SWIRS ACC.SO.: 037508
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) FOB.
TEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This study was intended to provide the 0. S.
Environmental Protecion Agency (EPA) with detailed and pertinent
information on the generation, management, treatment, disposal and
costs related to potentially hazardous wastes. The information will be
used by the EPA to develop guidelines and standards for the management
of hazardous wastes. The objectives of this study were to determine,
for the manufacturers of industrial organic chemicals, pesticide
preparations and explosives: (1) the guantities and geographic
distributions of land-destined hazardous waste; (2) present practices
for treatment and disposal of land-destined hazardous wastes; (3)
commercial control technology for reducing the hazards presented by
disposal of such wastes; and (
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
storage and disposal of waste pesticides and containers; and (2) Atonic
Energy Act which provides for the regulation of radioactive waste by
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Proposed Federal legislation on
hazardous waste is noted. Six States are identified as having
coaprehensive hazardous waste management legislation (California,
Illinois, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, and Washington). Back State's
legislation is detailed, and federal guidelines pertaining to the
conduct oi hazardous waste studies are examined. Federal assistance
programs in the area of hazardous waste are discussed, along with
damage assessment, industry, technology assessment, and research
programs- (Document retained in SWIKS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CONFERENCE; COBTAHINATE; COHTHOL; DBHP; EFFECT;
EXPLOSION; FEDERAL; FOOD; GROUND HATER; HAZARDOUS; LAM; MANAGEMENT;
PESTICIDE; POLLUTION; REGULATIOSS; STATE; TOXIC; us
(15) STIflS ACC.BO.: OOS36326
|16) DOC.C1T-: Sanjour, B. Hazardous waste management in the United
States. In: HicKnan, H. L. , Jr. ed. Proceedings; Third Japan-United
States Governmental Conference on Solid Haste (tanagenent, Tokyo, Hay
10-17, 1976. Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyl,
June 1976, 753 p. (p. 4. 2. 1 - 4. 2. 34).
(1) SKIRS ACC.IO.: 037279
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY! 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) FOB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The hazardous nature of industrial waste is
investigated in a paper presented at the Third Japan-United States
Governmental Conference on Solid waste Management in Hay 1976. In 1974,
the problem of industrial waste containing 6 valance chromium was
unexpectedly highlighted in Japan. The cause of this problem was
investigated and the management of hazardous substances including
chromium was considered. Production and consumption data on chromium
are presented, and the increasing degree of environmental pollution
caused by various hazardous elements is examined. The origin of
hazardous industrial waste is addressed according to tour categories:
(1) manufacture or processing plants; (2) places where products
containing hazardous substances are used; (3) places where hazardous
industrial waste is produced during refining; and (4) injurious waste
generated from the environmental sanitation facilities of cities.
Treatment technologies for industrial waste containing hazardous
substances are discussed, with emphasis on reuse and proper storage.
Haste water treatment technologies are also discussed. The status of
technology for heavy metal sludge treatment is reviewed, along with
scattering waste disposal techniques and recycle and reuse concepts.
(Document retained in swifts library)
(12) KEYWORDS: CHkOHIUH; CONFERENCE; DATA; HAZARDOUS; IMDUSTRX;
HABAGEHEMI; SAFETY; STORAGE; TECHNOLOGY; tREATHat!T; UTILIZE
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OGS36324
(16) DOC.CIT-: flurata, 1'. Couiiterneasure tor disposal of industrial
waste containing hazardous substances. In: Hickman, B. L. , Jr. , ed.
Proceedings; Third Japan-unitied States Governmental Conference on
Solid Haste Management, Tokyo, flay 10-17, 1976. Washington, DC, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, June 1976, 753 p. (p. 4. 1. 1. 1 - 4.
1. 1. 40).
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 0372i>6
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Significant aspects of industrial waste control and
disposal are examined. Hazardous industrial waste disposal techniques
in the United Kingdom are reviewed in relation to legislative controls
introduced by the 1972 Deposit ot Poisonous waste Act. Methods utilized
by the private sector in disposing of hazardous waste are also noted.
It is felt that the Deposit ot Poisonous Waste Act has the effect of
concentrating wastes on a few specific sites, taereby reducing the
possibility for natural biodegradation of chemical wastes. This
concentration effect has resulted in two adverse side effects; (1)
transportation ot waste over long distances to acceptable sites; and
(2) significant increase in disposal costs. It is suggested tnat a
18
-------
GENERAL
realistic approacn to the proujLem oi industrial waste De adopted whicn
involves maximizing the use oi natural liiodegradatlon in landfill sites
and the use of existing high capital cost treatment and incineration
facilities for certain categories o± waste. Tipping and leachate
problems are discussed, and the lolloping Methods of waste disposal are
examined: formation oi lagoons from inert meaia for aijueous wastes,
direct discharge of aqueous waste into the face of a tip using the
absorfceat capacity of fresa refuse, creation of drying beds from inert
nedia, and direct discharge of sludge into the i»ase of a tip's face
which can then be quickly covered witn otner refuse.
(Ml KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; GflEAT bHlTAIN; HAZ.AKDOUS;
INDUSTRY; LAS; LEACH; PRIVATE; PHUBi-iSBS; ^ANITAKK LANDFILL; TfiANSfOfiT
(IS) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOSJ6301
(l&l DOC.C1T,; Massey, it. R. Soiie views on industrial waste
control. Solid Wastes, 6b (3j:Ill-lib, flar. 1976.
(1) SW1RS ACC.NO.t 037112
(2) DOMESTIC: D [2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: 6 (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1975
(11} ABSTRACT: Federal Government involvement in solid waste
management is reviewed. Baste management was initiated at the Federal
level in 1965, with emphasis on four aspects: collection and storage,
recycling and transformation, disposal, and reduction. The nature and
scope of solid waste generation in the United States are discussed, and
it is noted that major consideration has been given to municipal wastes
in urban areas and to industrial wastes. Between 1966 and 1970, Federal
research and development focused on municipal wastes. From 1970 to
1973, resource recovery was the single most important item of
consideration. At the same time, efforts were made to explore hazardous
waste management. Waste production in 1980 is forecasted in relation to
economics, resource recovery, and reduction techniques. It is pointed
out that the Federal Government will most likely emphasize the control
of hazardous wastes in the future, along with resource recovery, land
disposal criteria for all solid wastes, waste redaction options, and
the redesign of products to make them last longer.
(12) KEYWORDS: COLLECTION; CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
FEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LAND; MANAGEMENT; MUNICIPALITY:;
RECLAMATION; REDUCTION; STORAGE; TECHNOLOGY; US
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36157
(18) DOC.CIT.: 0arnay, A. Defining the solid waste problem - an
overview: the Federal view point after a decade of involvement. In:
Proceedings; Fifth Annual Symposium of the Los Angeles Regional Forum
on Solid Waste Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Bay
21, 1975. Torrartce, C.A, Los Angeles Regional Forum on Solid Waste
Management, 1975, 160 p. (p. 2~7) .
(M SwlRS ACC.NO.: 0364i>6
(2) OOHESIIC: D (2) CATEGORY; U» (2) SOBJ.XIP1; T (10) PUB.
YEAR:. 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous aspects of wdst
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Appendices provide intornation on hazard grades and properties ot
hazardous constituents.
{12} KEYHOBDS: COMPARISON; OPPOSITION; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; DRUGS;
scoHOHics; EPA; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; PROJECTION; QUAHTITY.; SURVEY;
SXSTEMS ANALISIS; TECHNOLOGY; TREATMENT
(151 SIMS ACC.HO.: OOS35503
(t8) DOC.CIT.: Environmental Protection Agency. Pharmaceutical
industry; hazardous waste generation, treataent, and disposal.
Eavironaental Protection Publication SU-508. Washington, 0. s.
Government Printing Office, 1976, 17fi p. (Solid Waste Management
Series. )
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.i 0356J2
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CAIEGOHK: 07 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: G (10J tUB.
YEAE: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: aininy operators near the Peak National Park have
increased them operation to such an extent that waste disposal has
become a major problem. They want to dispose of tailinys on 70 acres or
the parkland, A similar proposal was submitted in I9t>9. The Health and
Safety Commission intends to put torward proposals reguiriuy tne
labelling or read tankers carrying hazardous materials. 1'he Health
Safety Comoissicn would also like to see tanker design included in any
codiug. The Hotg Kong govfeinmeat has announced that funus are available
to begin design work on the 24 million dollar Chaiuaa composting plant.
It is hoped that it will start operation in 1979 with an initial
capacity of 200 tons per day. lu South Yorkshire volunteer yroups are
competing to cleanup the environment. The competition is sponsored by
the County Council and the Suemeld Uoiininy Telegraph. About 370, OUo
tens of oils acd greases are availaule for recovery. According to a
recently publisned report only 8Q,ddO tons ace actually reclaimed.
Planters division of Entwisle t> Gass claim that their three staye oaler
has been specifically designed tor tue reclamation of metals riou
refuse. Land erosion has caused asotstos waste to come to the surrace
at two old dumps near Calderdale, South Yorkshire, acd the county is
having difficulty in tracing the owner of one of them. If the owners
can not be traced the county will have to take ctction to prevent more
erosion. Biraeyradable plastic Days vill oe introduced by Spar, a
grocery chain with 4,000 shops. The bays will decompose in 5 yeais,
losing half their strength in the rirst year underground. The bays cost
Spar less than existing bags. The United Kingdom chemical information
service has expanded its scope to its current awareness bulletins. New
additions include environmental pollution, liyuid waste treatment,
pollution on monitoring, recovery and recycling of waste, ana solid and
radioactive waste.
(12) KEYWORDS: ASBESTOS; CHEMICAL; CCKPCSTING-, DISPOSAL;
j-BVIfiONMENT; HaZSfiDOOS; HJiTAL; flIME; UIL; PACKAGING; PLASTIC;
RECLAMATION; SANXTAfiY LANDFILL; TAILINGS; TiiANSPOctT
(15) SUMS aCC.NO.: OOS34&77
(18) DOC.CIT.: Waste notes, sarveyor Public Authority Technology,
1U6(U339):24, Aug. 8, 1975.
(t) SWISS ACC.BO.: 035466
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEkiOSlf: Oi t^J SBHJ.XIPK: G (10) PUB.
YEA8: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: waste disposal alxost. pays fur itself at the Eastman
Kodak Company's Rochester, Hew lork plant. Silver is recovered by the
combustible waste disposal unit. The market ior vinyl chloride looks
good despite recent health scares involving workers developing liver
cancer. Frustration over tae inability to cope with pulychlorinated
biphenyl (PCS) pollution was a aajor theae of a national, conference on
PCBs bela in Chicago, Illinois. The U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) sponsored the J*ov. 19 to i\, iy7i aeeting. The number or
small sources of PCBs make efllueut regulation ineffective, what is
needed is substitutes for PCb. EPA is investigating the possibility
that a refuse fueled power plant might be hazardous to its workers*
health. The problem would be due to increased exposure to bacteria and
viruses. The Union Electric plant that is being investigated does not
20
-------
GENERAL
think there is a real problen; new construction is being planned. EPA
has approved ocean incineration as an environmentally sound method tor
disposing of toxic industrial Hastes. EPA will issue permits and will
•onitor the ocean disposal. The decision on whether to perait the vide
scale use of plutoniua xn nuclear fuel could cone as early as 1977
according to announcements made by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory
Coisission. A key step in the decision making process will be the
preparation of a cost benefit analysis. Plutouiun can be recovered iron
spent nuclear fuel.
(12) KEYWORDS: BACTEHIA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EtA; FUEL; HEALTH;
MARKET; HON1XOR; OC£AN; PUBLIC UTILITY.; RADIOACTIVE; hECLAMATION;
REGULATIONS; TOXIC; VIKUS
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS34511
(IB) DOC.C1T.: Cheientator. Chesicai Engineering, 82 (26) :79-b2,
Dec. 8, 1975.
(1) SHIHS ACC.NO. : 033954
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKX: 14 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: T (10) PUii.
SEAB: 1975
(11) AbSlBACl: This paper presents on overview of hazardous wastes
•anageaent in the States. Although a tew States have taken action oil
the control of hazardous wastes, most are waiting for the passage or
federal legislation defining their responsibilities and giving
direction fcr State activities iu this area. California, Minnesota, and
Oregon are the only States which have passed comprehensive hazardous
wastes nanagenent legislation, including State authority to designate
tastes as hazardous, to regulate the treatment and disposal of such
hastes, and to reguire records and inspections or waste management
facilities. Soae States have approached the control of hazardous wastes
through restrictions on the types of wastes whicu can bt accepted at a
landfill or other disposal site. Other States have strict regulations
regarding the collection and hauling of hazardous wastes, however, only
scie regulation cf the generation or hazardous wastes will permit real
control over hazardous waste management practices, if States Leguire a
lepcrt on the generation or hazardous wastes they can then determine
the extent to which these wastes reach approved disposal sites.
Erobleas involved in the regulation or hazardous waste management by
States include: administrative and political obstacles to new
legislation and regulations; the restriction on the free movement of
hazardous wastes across State boundaries; and the lacK of an adequate
data base on generation and coaposition of these wastes. With or
kithout Federal legislation. States are expected to be the primary
force in controlling the management of hazardous wastes. (This document
is retained in the SwlBS Horary. )
(12) KEYWOBES: CONTROL; DISPOSAL; FEDERAL; GKNErtATIOH; HAZARDOUS;
JNDUSTBX; LAW; MANAGEMENT; PLANNING; PROBLEMS; fcEGULATIONS; STAXE;
1BANSPOBT; 1BBA1HENT
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS32998
(18) DOC.CI1.: Newton, fl. hazardous waste management in the States.
In Proceedings; National Conference on Management and Disposal of
Besidues fro* the Treatment of Industrial Wastewatfets, Washington, U.
C. , Feb. 3-5, 1975. Bockvilie, Maryland, Information Transrer, Inc. p.
13-16.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 032273
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGORY: 26 (2) SUBJ.TYPK: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Street cleaning methods have a low efficiency
according to the EPA. They aro primarily aimed at aesthetic purposes
and even under well-operated programs don't reach the places where the
greatest concentrations or contaminants lie. William D. Hurst,
consulting engineer and senior research associate for the American
Public work? Association agrees witu this view but feels that there are
ways of Baking the system more efficient. The problfm as he sees it is
21
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
that the street sweepers only remove about 50 percei.t o£ the dust, aud
dirt fraction that contain the majority of the contaoinants. Therefore,
a second sweep is needed. But sue to the economics of the situation,
•ost cities are reluctant to authorize additional funds to buy the
expensive equipment such as vacuum sweepers. The most efficient metnod
would be to use a conventional street sweeper followed by a vacuum
sweeper that can pick up the finer dust and dirt. City administrations
need to design more effective programs for stieet cleaning.
(12) KEYWORDS: ADM1 Nlbl'SATION; UUHB; DUST; ECONOMICS; EPA;
EQUIPMENT; HAZARDOUS; MAINTENANCE; MANAGEMENT; MUNICIPALITY ;
EABTICULATE HATTER; POLLUTION; PROBLEMS; PUBLIC WORKS; STfiEET CL1A1.ING
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS31J17
(18) DOC.CIT.: They don't remove enough dirt. The Aaerican ~ity,
90{3):45, Bar. 1975.
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Section 2
ECONOMICS
(1) SWIKS ACC.NU. : 04f.491
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) LAliiGORf: U (2) SUBJ . TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Tne costs oc landfill criteria and hazardous
waste reqs will be hiqh.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Solid wastes Hjint/fiKJ
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) i?UB. YiiAi: 1978
(11) AbSTRACT: Solid waste disposal criteria promul^ated by tne
Environmental Protection Aqen ;y (h^/ij for landxills and hazardous waste
are analyzed. Sanitary landiiil criteria have Deen extended to include
every land disposal practice tor all types or waste generated.
istiniated combined annual costs to jovernroent, industry, and tne
taxpayer to meet requiietaents ot tue Resource Conservation and Kecovery
Act as they pertain to land disposal and hazardous waste are aoout i2.5
lillion aoove the costs of existu.q practices. .",djor contributors to
cost increases are safety, closure., qroundwater protection, and
environmentally sensitive areas. compliance with hazardous waste
criteria is expected to cost from two to 27% of the annual valua of
production for industries (pttroltura reretining, wool scouring,
hydrolluoric acid, boric acid, aluminum smelt int,, and petroleum
refininq). Plans of the t,t"A tj streamline its ruleoiaKin^ p-rocess are
reported. Data on the impact of tnt criteria art provided.
(12) KEYWO&US: CKI7£iiIA; LlISt'JSAL; ECONOMICS; EPA; HAZARDOUS; LAN1J;
MANAGEMENT; REGULATIONS; ShtUi'Atit LANuFilL; SOLID
(14) HIEUAKCH TEHMS: 1HC; Uf'/2I-F; 1MA/2FF; 1SG/2nL
(1b) STIKS ACC.NO.: UUS47345
(16) CITATION: 21(7):1b, 18, 54U, Jill. VJ78.
(1) SWIKS ACC.NO. : 04b7oa
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATbGOhY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Allocation formula development.
(4) AUTHOR: Gushue JJ
(6) LOOK TI1LL: In Analysis 01 State Solid haste Management Data.
(9) CO NT E ACT No.
(10) LANGUAGE
(11) ABSTHACT
68-0 1-JbdJ
EN (10) i UD. mAh: 1976
Factors alf'ectnuj the development or an allocation
formula for rederal solid waste raa itaqe aient ptogram lunds are explored.
State proqram needs arc aerir.od as tne txtt-nt 01 federal monetary
assistance require 1 to dt-vfiop an tifective anu coro{.rencnsivi_ state
solid waste ma na qe tao nt proqrj,ii. Tne extei.t of the solid waste
manaqement problem is conceftaalized, considering land disposal,
hazardous tfastc, and resource recover. Alternative lormalas for
txamininq the extent of iiopact tnat solid waste mi uacjement protileas at
the state level have ou tne a tstiLI, ation of federal funds are
presented, uoraputatior.a 1 procedures involved in tue application of tiie
formulas are detailed, ana t!,e re>sulto cf implementing ti.e
computational procedures are qivt.Tt. (Retained in Sn'TFS iiurary) .
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; iioUNUfllCj; iLDEtvAL; riAiAHJOUS; LAND;
KANAGEMENT; PriOrilSJi? ; b ECi,A;Ur lOI-J; uESOUhCE; SOLID; ST>TF.
(14) HlfiiiARUi I'iiKi'.S: 1 i.(J ; l^A/^l'F
(15) STTKS ACC.NO.: uOSu57t>1 ( 1 b) SECONDARY aUTUORJ: Chatterjee 2
(16) CTTATK.S: ..asnin qton, UL, U.S. Lnv iron men ta 1 Protection
Aqency, Oct. 19/6. p. 71-91.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIDS ACC.NO.: 046536
(2) OOMESTIC: D (2} CATEGORY: 22 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Alter wuat? After imposition ot a 'perpetual
care1 system, that's what.
(H) AUTHOR: Kimes T
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Waste Age
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GiiO. A3c,A: 1IJS/2KW (10) PUB. Y.SAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: In Wisconsin, proposed legislation would esquire
landfill operators to provide routine car« aitei their sites close and
insurance against environmental disasters. Long ttric ca te provisions
are included in a legislative package covering hazardous waste
management and refinements oi existing solid waste laws. In the
proposed legislation, long term care (30 years) is defined as the
routine care, ir.aintei.ance, and monitoring oi a nolid waste or hazardous
*aste treatment, storage, ot disposal facility following closing of the
site, Routine long term care consists of: monitoring (sampling and
analysis of gas, watte quality and movement); land surface care;
leachate management; and gas mana.je Bent. After 30 years, costs ot
alditional care will be provided jy a state run waste management fund
to be created cy user tipping fees charged at opt rating landfills.
imphasis of the proposed Wisconsin legislation is to couple siting and
licensing procedures with planning tor routine long term care ta reduce
the chance of environmental destruction.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; i^CO NJrt ICS; tNVIEONKENT; irEE; Gj»S;
EAZAHDOUS; LAW; LEACti; "UINT EN ANCii; MANAGEMENT; HOS1TOB; PLANNING;
SANITAiiY LANDflLL; STATE; WaTKH; WISCONSIN
(14) HIEhAfiCH TERHS: 1 Ef; 1LF/2SW; 1LH; 1rtA/2SW; 1MV; 1SG/2SU
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OUSU5587 (15) 3ECONDAHY AUTHORS: Morgaa J
(16) CITATION: 9(1) :1u, lb» 1d, 20, Jan. 1978.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) 00HESTIC: D (1) CAT£,;0&Y: 21 (2) SOtJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLU: Current research ou land disposal of municipal
solid wastes.
[4) AUTHOR: Schomaker M>
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Daner'ji, 3. K., ed. Management of Gas and
leachate in Landfills. Proceedings or ttu Third Annual Municipal Solid
Kaste Research Syuiposiu^. (8) RafOtcT NO.: KPA-600/9-77-026
(10) LAN(5(JAGt: EN (10) ticIO. Ai-LA: 1US/20H (10) PUil. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Investigation ot the disposal and processing or
nunicipal soliu and liazaraous wastes is the primary responsibility of
the Solid and Hazardous o'dstt research Division (S'lKiiD). The
Cincinnati, O.iio, office ii. directing research towards new and improved
systems of municipal and hazardous waste management, development of
technology, determination ot envnoninf-n tal effects, and collection oi
data necessary for the estaljiisn uiu nt of processing and disposal
guidelines. The current rcst^LCh program is divided into three areas:
(1) pollutant predictions JLOL cuireat landfill techniques; ;z)
alternatives to current landtill disposal tccnnijues; and (3) remedial
action for rain iinizinq pollutants Irom unacctptablfc sites, fat-cant focus
en a waste-as-fuels program ii uiscussed. Funding procedures are
delineated. (Retained in bKlRj liorary).
(12) KL'YliOHDS: DATA; Ulo^OSitL; hUJNOHICb; ENERGY; JiK VIPONfiEiN T;
UAZARDO'JS; KAN AGL'flrlNT; OnlO; REj^AULH; SANIThcY LANDFILL
(1U) HIEKAb.Cfi TEI-.MS: 1Df/2riP; 1MA/21F; iKt
(15) STI«S ACC.NO.: OOSUD45S
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OH, U.J. Environtnen td 1 Prottotion
Aqency, Sep. 1977. p. 1-12.
24
-------
ECONOMICS
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0'*62JU
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATtGOiY: 10 (2) SUDJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Southern Hew England water supply lands changing
values and policies.
(H) AUTHOR: Irland LC
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J New England Water Works Assoc
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GrfO. AK.EA: 1US/2CT; 1US/2HH; 1US/281 (10)
FOB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Conflicts over land and water use in Southern New
England are reviewed. Major sources of conflict have been rising
demands for access to resfc-rvotrs and adjacent land for recreation, and
ooves by two water companies to sell large acreages of land. Several
threats to water quality result trom different land use alternatives,
such as tiaber harvesting, residential and commercial development, and
recreational uses. For each use, potential impacts on water quality are
summarized, and means of reducing tnose impacts are suggested. The
arguments for and against disposal of the two water utilities' lands
are noted. The State Assembly concerned has passed a two year
•otatorium on water company land sales while an independent Council
studies the matter. Water use projections are reviewed, tne economics
cf municipal and industrial water demand are discussed, and supply
costs are summarized. It is concluded that, given the goal of providing
the public with low cost, higa quality water, extreme conservatism
should be practiced. Management practices, such as permitting contact
recreation, should be allowed only under the most carefully controlled
conditions. Recreational use ot water supply reservoirs and lands will
raise complex financing, cost recovery, cost sharing, and liability
problems.
(12) KEYWORDS: COilMEKCIAL; CONNECTICUT; CONSTRUCTION; ECONOHICS;
IOBESTBY; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; HANAGEflENT; MASSACHUSETTS; PUBLIC UTILITY;
IUBLIC WORKS; QUALITY; REGIONAL; hESIOENTIAL; RHODE ISLAND; TBEATHENT;
fcATER
(14) HIEHAHCU TERMS: 1EC/2C6; 1UL; 1MA/2HI
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS45285 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: LevySH
(16) CITATION: 91(1):12-J9, Bar. 1977.
(1) SS1BS ACC.iO.: 046111
(?) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 14 (2) SOBJ.TTPE: 6
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Industrial wastes assigned pigeonhole in federal
regulatory prograi.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Solid Wastes Higt/RBJ
(10) LAHGOAGK: E8 (10) P5JB. YEAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The 1976 Besource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCFA) is critical of the retuse industry. Consequently, the nay in
which the O.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implements the Act
is being closely watched by that industry. So far, RCRA implementation
has concentrated on hazardous wastes regulations and iaproved land
disposal. Later, eiphasis should shift to the »ore complex and long
range objectives of resource conservation. The Resource Conservation
Coimittte »as set up by RCBA to eliminate economic and legal barriers
which irevent resource conservation fro» being a feasible alternative
for t.olid *acte management. There are indications that the Committee is
being accorded the priority it deserves by participating agencies and
by Congress.
(12) KEYWOhDS: AUTHORITY; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; FPA; FEDEBAL;
GOVERtfBlNT; liAZAKDOUS; 1NBOSTRT; LAND; LAW; LKGAL; HASAGEHENT;
PROHLEBS; REC1AHATION; REFUSE; KEGULATIOHS; SOLID; SPECIAL
(1«) BlERARCtt TEBBS: 1LF/2ER; 1LF/2FF; 1BA; 1RH
(IS) ETIHS ACC.HO.: OOS15164
(16) CITATION: 20(10):30, 86, Oct. 1977.
(1) SWIGS ACC.NO.: OUoOdJ
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAri..iOr>Y; 16 (2) SU3J.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLt: Considerations for in-plant solid waste control.
(U) AUTHOR: Elvlredge t:w
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Waste A-je
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (1 0) PJB. KEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Thorouyn study or solid waste control procedures can
help industries impiove tftt-ir protits. If material is not va.sttJ, it
25
-------
HAZARDOUS HASTE MANAGEMENT
does not require collection, storage, processing, or disposal as waste.
Some wat>te products have vaiae as raw materials foe other
manufacturers, representing an income to offset waste control expenses.
Establishment of good waste control practices within the plant can be
achieved by: proper receptacle placement; proper sizing ot receptacles;
establishing a collection route; using control equipment to reduce
theft; reevaluating management procedures; considering subsequent
actions when choosing container locations; considering horizontal and
vertical clearance, an.l cost saving movements; investigating labor
costs; and selecting compatible eguipment. Management responsibility in
identifying hazardous wastes and their appropriate disposal
requirements is discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: COLLECTION; CONTAINER; COST REDUCTION; DISPOSAL;
ECONOMICS; EU.U IPHENT; HAZ.ASUOU3; INDUSTRY; MANAGEMENT; MARKET;
DECLAMATION; REFUSE; SOLID; STOttAGi;
(14) HltRARCH TERMS; 11N/2C6; 1IN/2UT; 1MA/2TQ
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: QOS4513J
(16) CITATION: 6(6):98-101, Jun. 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 045911
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATKGOtf*: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(6) BOOK TITLE: Assessment ot Industrial Hazardous Waste Prictices
in the aetal Smelting and Refining Industry. Volume I - Executive
Suamary. (8) REPORT NO.: SW-145=.1 (9) CON1BACT NO.: 68-01-260U
(10) LANGaAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Investigations of on-land disposal of process and
pollution control residuals from toe United States metal smelting and
refining industry were conducted, characteristics of each industry
sector, including plant locations, production capacities, and smelting
and refining processes, have oeen identified and described.
land-disposed or stored residuals, including slags, dusts, and sludges
have been identified and characterized for physical and chemical
properties. State, regional, and national estimates have been made of
the total quantities of land-disposed or stored residuals and
potentially hazardous constituents thereof. Current methods employed by
the primary metals industry for the disposal or storage of process and
pollution control residuals oa laud are described. Principal methods
include laqoon storage of sludges and open dumping of slags. Methods of
residual treatment and disposal considered suitable ror adequate health
and environmental protection nave been provided. Tue costs incurred by
typical plants in each primary smelting and refining category for
current and environmentally sound potentially hazardous residual
disposal or storage on land uavt; beun estimated. (Attained in 3WIUS
library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; DUMPING; DUST; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; LAGOONS; MANAGEMENT; SETAL; OPEN; I.EFINEflY; RESIDUE; SLAG;
SLUDGE; STORAGE; TREATMENT
(14) HIEEARCH TEHMS: 1EC/2C6; 1HC/2DP; 1MA/2TJ; 1MK; 1SH/2MX
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44961
(16) CITATION: Washington, UC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Aqency, 1977. b1 p.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 04586U
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATtJORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Reeder LR
(6) BOOK TITLE: Review and Assessment of Deep-Will Injection of
Hazardous Waste. Volume I.
(8) NTIS NO.: PB-269001 (>J) REPORT NO.: EPA-600/2-77-029a (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 68-OJ-20U
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (1 D) G£0. ARtJA: 1US/2LA; 1US//TX (10) PUfi.
Y.EAP: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A review aud assessment is made or the adequacy ot
deep-rfell waste injection systems to receive hazardous wastes. The
effects these wastes have upon ths environment wheu injected into
subsurface reservoirs are denned. A comprehansive bibliography,
chemical waste profiles, deep-well inventory, case histories,
microbiological research, deep-well and hazardous waste research, legal
26
-------
ECONOMICS
dbpects, and an inventory ot
vn-jeotior, are >'is.::ussfcd. More
luiection of industrial waste
related and 186 hazardous wdr.
stemmed trim a failure to u^e
accepted and prove;, er.yiiieeri.
operation of dfc-_i>- well systeu
regulations aoouq states are
use ol interstate aquifers lo
iranaqe merit arid control of u ee
additional inter nation is no-
irlcrob roloqica 1 coajtiotio or
ncnitorinq of deep-well systt
SHIEij liurary) .
(12) KI.YWuriCS: DEEP 'a i.i,L ;
faAZASDOUS; i:«DCSTHY; LAh ; LIC
BEGULAriON3; GrSEAECH; TtAAJ;
(14) HIEkAKCH TSFH3: 1Di3;
(15) STlflS ,\CC.;<0.; OOSi+u
Field JW JS
(It) CITATION: Ciucif. :ia LI
Aqt-noy, Jan. 1^77. 1T6 u.
.>tatut^s and n emulations governing waste
tnau 1,000 papeis related to dc-ep-we-11
»e LV: icvieued, identnyiny 105 deep-well
tt t; i ,t truant research ;>ro3tcts. Problems
avdj.lj.blo geologic iiilorma tro:i anj.
mj juactjces in location, desiyn, and
s. It is suggested that standard
.iws- dt;n t_> alleviate pronles's arising iroui
r in"je::tioi; and IOL more f Creative
j- w e 1 1 .systems. It was concluded taat
dei on salaquirer ciieini-stiy, cheiaical and
w.ii.to wrthii; a rtccLVit!^ oalaqurfer, and
ias as a predictive tool, (retained in
DISfd-SAL; ECOKOMICS; EN VI r.ONilENT;
ENSE; LOUISIANA; MdKAui.ai.NT; auNITaa;
JNOi.fi i?flOU ND
1UJ/ilO'»; UtV^riF
j13 (15) SFCONDARY AUTHORS: CobDS JH;
, ou, U.S. Knvir onnien ta 1 Protection
(1) SWI«S ACC.NO. : L)
(2) UOMiiSTIc: P (2) \_ATLJOKY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPK: G
(3) AKTICLK 1ITLE: Evaluation of results.
(6) BOOK TIILt: In Disposal oi hazardous Wastes: Oryanizati on.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GriO. nl-.^A: 1 hU ;- 1 US (10) PUu. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSlRACf: Oruan i2at i.jnai s-hfines 101 tlit aianagemtiit and
disposal of hazardous waste ia North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) -ountrit-'s are examined. I moiina t. ion was ofitaintd primarily uy
questionnaire trom the foliohin4 jATO countrios: Bt-lyiuL, Denmarrv, tht
i-ederal nepublic ot Germany, r'rance, the Netherlands, th«; fli.ited
Kinqdora, and tht (Inited states, it v, as determined tr.at organizational
issues in liazardous waste uispo^.il t.i,ould b*; considered in relation to
other aspects ot "lanaqeait-nt and not in isolation. Issue- 3 or particular
importance ir*" the cost or transportation, tht- need ror defining and
classifying hazardous waste, the wci naqe merit ol disposal tacilitit-s,
control of tht \fenferation ana transier or hazardous waste, plannijiy,
waste exchange systt IF 3, liability, insurance, linanci !K_, , and special
regulations roi certain waste types. (Re^aihea 1,1 r>i,lHS library).
(12) KElffcOiJLi.: LtJSi'Oial.; liCu^Ucli C3 ; EORCl'E; liAoAPDOUS; rtANASEdL NT ;
fLANNING; REGULATION'S; 3UKVLX; US
(1") HltRAECti TEPM3: 1Uu/2U»; 1HA/2JF; 1rtA/2;lC; 1SO
(15) STIMS ACC. HO.: OOStad^ti
(16) CITATION: Nortn Atlantic Ireaty Or yani'.'.a t ion, Jun. 1977.
p. 73-100.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (
(3) RETICLE TITL^:
(•i) ijOOK TI'ILE: Tn
04b/'iO
) i-Ai fcJOu !(: 09 (2) SUBu .
c o aipa i isou .studies.
Alternatives ror hazardou
waste
aanayeaeiit in
a'ic (9)
the Inorqani^ Lherauals Indjstcy. iO)
CONTKACT NO.: H tA 68-01-41^0
(10) LANGUAGE: KN (10) i^UD. iLtn.il 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A comparison was n.ade of capital investment and
cperatinq costs and ent'tqy cc^uicemf nt s ot alternate methods of
treating potentially hazardous wastes from tnc inortjanic chemicals
industry and between two land disposal options (sanitary or chemical
landfill). For 13 of the 1b waste 3 t reams involved in the study,
sanitary laiidrill operations proved to Ic signiticar.cly lower in
capital outlays than ertner t nt ohfisrcal landrill or alternate
treatment processes, tor one of tne waste streams, tne capital outlays
arc approximately equal ror sanitary lanulill and the treatment
process. One waste stream treatment process shows a signiticant
advantage in tne amount 01 capital outlay over ooth sanitary and
cheoiical landrill options, ana rot rive other streanis tne selected
treatment processes show an advantage n. the amount or capital outlay
27
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
ever the respective chemical laiiQj.il! option, however, hign annual
operating costs estimated tor the treatment processes noyate the
capital outlay cost advantages IOL tl.jjst six waste streams. Most
treatment processes selected nave nigliet energy requirements than tae
two land disposal options, comparisons by industrial category made with
respect to annual aperating cost per Kkg of product and total annual
tnergy consumption show tnat product price efiects oi capital outlay,
operating costs, and energy requiraaie n ts are significant, indicating
that only one resource recovery process (ror phosphorus) appears
practical. It is coticladed that tac other treatment £Coccsses may only
be justified with potentially uazaraous waste detoxification as a prime
obiective and resource recovery as secondary, (retained in SU1K3
library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CiIEMI^AL; JlSPOSaL; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS; INOiiGANIC;
LAND; MANAGEMENT; PHCCE5S; S AjUlr«n!f L.tNDULL; TREATMENT
(14) lilERARCd TERMS: 1HA/2HG
(15) STI MS ACC.NO.: OJSi,4tf3*
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. p.7-1--7-2b.
(1) SWIES ftCC.UO.: 0^5799
(2) DOMESTIC: t) (2) CATKiiUjJi: 0) (2) SUriJ. T YPrJ: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Land disposal option costs.
(6) iOOK T11LE: In Aiteruativas for hazardous Siaste Sanageaent in
the Inorganic Chemicals Industry. (8) aEPOKT NO.: sw-IUyc (9)
CCNTSACT NO.: EPA 68-01-4190
(.10) LANGUAGE: EN [ 1U) PUB. x'EiiR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Sanitary iandnll disposal options and costs tor
treating potentially hazardous uastuo from the inorganic chemicals
industry are reviewed and compared with similar parameters and co^-ts
ior chemical landiiil processes. Design bases used tor sanitary
landfills included disposing oi solid wastes on land, spreading them in
thin layers, compacting taeia to tue smallest practical volume, and
covering them with SOL! each lay. Uesigr oases used tor chemical
landfilling of wastes include liuing excavated areas with compacted
clay and synthetic membrane, collection and monitoring ol leacudtt, and
drumming or wastes. Cost bases included land cost, area grading and
pieparation, liner costs, liner cover costs, leacnate collection and
riser system, buildings and utilititi^, landfill egulament, ana
operating expenses. Results 01 analyses si.owed that sanitary laudiill
operations were signilicantly less expensive in terms of capital
outlays and operating costs tnan chemical processes for 1J ot the 15
waste streams identified, (ufetained in sfc'IRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; JIsi'JSrtL; ECONOfilCS; HAZARDOUS; IHUKGAHIC;
LAND; MANAGEfliiNT; PROCESS; iiWITAtty LANCF1L1; TREATMENT; fcASTE WATER
(14) HIEEARCII TEEMS: 1CC/2CA; 1UD/20W; 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HG; 1SD/2SC
(15) STIMS ACC.SO.: OOSaud38
(16) CITATION: Washington, uL, U.J. Environaeuta1 Protection
Agency, 1977. p.6-1—6-35.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 04 57 a5
(2) DOHBSTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: l)y (2) buBJ.TYPE: S; T
(6) BOOK TITLE: Alternatives tor Hazardous Waste Mauacjeneat in the
Inorganic Cheaicals Industry. (o) hEPOfiX No.: SK-IM'ic (9) CONTRACT
HO.I EPA 66-01-4190
(10) LAMGUAGE: EH (10) FOB. IEAS: 1»77
(11) ABSTRACT: Technical!y feasible treatment techniques for
potentially hazardous wastes are identified that accomplish resource
recovery, waste detoxification, or volume redaction of waste ior
ultimate disposal. Potentially hazardous waste streais are identified
as lercury, chlorinated hydrocarbons, asbestos, lead, metallic sodiua
and calciua, waste water sludges, fluoride, arsenic, antiaony,
cbroaate, nickel, and phosphorus. Industries tnat generate these vastes
are characterized in terms of number, location, size, and production
capacity. Technologies for treating inorganic waste streais are
identified as calcination, dissolution, distillation, electrolysis,
28
-------
ECONOMICS
evaporation, iliteralion, high gradient magnetic separation,
neutralization and pB control, and precipitation. Processes selected
for treatment of specific waste streams are identified, analyzed, and
given costs. In addition, land disposal options and costs are
discussed. A comparison of the cost of the proposed treatment processes
with sanitary or chemical land disposal for each waste stream found
that sanitary landfill operations Mould be significantly lover in
capital outlays for 13 of the 15 waste streams identified.
Consideration vas also given to energy requirements for the respective
treatments. The appendixes contain known occupational and health
effects of potentially hazardous compounds, cost bases for cost
analyses tasks, and sample calculation of costs. (Retained in SBIRS
library) •
(12) KEXtfORDS: CBiHICAL; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS; INORGANIC;
BAiAGEHBIlT; PROCESS; XREAfHENT
(14) HIERASCH TEHMS: 1CB/2CA; 1EA/2EA; 1UA/2UG; 1HA/2HH; 1TG
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00544834
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. 301 p.
(1) SWIES ACC.NO.;
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYVE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Levin J
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: WAPOJtA, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Assessment ot Industrial Hazardous Waste
Fractices-Specia1 Machinery Manufacturing Industries.
(8) NTIS NO.: PB-265 981 (6) REPORT NO.: SH-141c (9) CONTRACT
NO.: 68-01-3193
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste generation and management iii
industrial establishments which manufacture special industry
lachinery, office, computing, ana accounting machines are described.
The results of 33 plant surveys show that land disposed process waste
tcca the industries falls into five categories: machine shop, heat
treating, electroplating, materials coating, and foundry waste.
Specific process waste types are characterized according to their
chemical constitutents and physical properties. Treatment and disposal
techniques and attendant costs for each type of process waste at three
levels of technology are examined: (1) the most prevalent technology in
use; (2) the best technology employed; and (3) the technology required
for adequate health and environmental protection. Total process waste
and hazardous constituent quantities are estimated tor the five
categories en a national level and are broken down by Environmental
frotection Ajency regions and states. (Retained in SWIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; DATA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; FEDERAL;
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; ISUUSTrfY; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICAL;
PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; STATE; SURVEY; TREATMENT
(14) HltfRARCH TERHS: JhA/^EA; 1 E E; 1 HA/2 HP; 1HA./2KG; 1HA/2HH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43279 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Beeland G;
Greenberg J
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U. S. Environmental protection
Aqencv, Mar. 1977. 309 p. (Solid haste ilanagemtn t Service.)
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044196
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) t-ATEGOhX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: Peters GO
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: WAPORA, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Assessment 01 Industrial Hazardous rfaste
Fractices-Electronic Coaponents Manufacturing Industry. (8) REPORT
fcC.: SU-IUOc (9) CONTRACT NO.: 68-01-3193
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste generation and amuageiient in the
electronic coapontnts manufacturing industry are described. The results
of surveys of 23 plants show that product and manufacturing process
diversity within the industry precludes the satisfactory correlation of
these factors HLUI waste types. Survey data indicated that land
29
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
disposed waste from the industry rails into 10 waste categories, five
categories of which contain such hazardous materials as halogenated
solvents, nonhalogenated solvents, waste water treatment sludge,
paintinq waste, and hydraulic and lubricating oils. The remaining five
categories include unquantiridble amounts of hazardous materials, no
hazardous materials, or waste that is not typically latidfilled.
hazardous properties of ttie industry's land disposed waste involve
flammability, corrosivity and dermal irritation, oral toxicity, and
tioconcentraticn. The estimated total quantity ot potentially hazardous
waste land disposed by the industry in 1975 was 5U,500 tons on a wet
weight ton basis. More than halt of tnis total constituted waste water
treatment sludqe. The best technology applied and the technology
required to provide enviorniaentally adequate treatment ror waste and
associated costs are discussed. [Retained in SW1RS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; DISPOSAL; liCouoMics; GENERATION; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; MANAGEMENT; OIL; PAINT; SLUDGE; SOLVENT; SURVEY; TSiAIflENT;
HASTE MATER
(14) HIERAHCH TERMS: 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HH; 1MA/2MH; 150
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4323y (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Levin J;
ah o mas P
(16) CITATION: Washington, UC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Jan. 1977. 197 p, (Solid haste Management Series.)
(1) SHIHS aCC.NO.: 043*92
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(6) BOOK TITLE: Assessment ot Industrial Hazardous Waste Management
Petroleum He-Refining Industry. (b) kEPORT NO.: SK-144C
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/2DC (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Resource recovery has become a matter of great
iaportance in worldwide public awareness. Wastes from manufacturing
sources generated in tremendous quantities art often a threat to our
environment and, when not recycled, irretrievably deplete our finite
resources. This study report attempts to qualify aud quantify the
potentially hazardous wastes generated by the petroleum reretinintj
industry in the United States. It further surveys tL<= industry
characteristics as well as tue treatment and disposal technology and
costs for its wastes. Projected production of rertfined oil and
generation of wastes, using tue best data available, have been made for
1977 and 1983. (Retained in SmlhS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONJHICS; HAZAhDOUS; INDUSTRY;
HANAGEMENT; OIL; RECLAMATION; RKFISERY; TREATMENT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EA/2EA; 1nA/2HF; VPF/^PG/3PH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSUJ035
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. 148 p.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO. : 043976
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: R and D for the nuclear waste management concept
cf the Federal Republic of Germany.
(4) AUTHOR: Eohn H
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Atoiawirtschaft
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GKO. AtctA: 1EU/2GE (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Research and development work in nuclear waste
nanagement is described in Germany where reprocessing ot radioactive
nuclear wastes is favored. The advantages and disadvantages ot the-
alternatives: reFr°<-'essini3 or direct ultimate disposal of spent fuels
are discussed. An overview ot tue amounts of fuel and radioactive waste
accuaulatiuq annually is presented together with an examination o£ the
costs of nuclear waste aianajt-ment. Xhe role or the big science research
centers in the development ot a waste management system is examined.
Changing attitudes hav«- resalted in an expansion of research an
development work at tnese centers in reprocessing, waste treatement,
and ultimate storage1 areas. Centers are concentrating on short and
•edium term objectives in cooperation with industry. And, centers are
increasing their work on neclear safety and the development ot i
30
-------
ECONOMICS
concept for safeguarding nuclear aiaterials in a waste management
centtr. Examples are qiven v t> ich illustrate unresolved problems of
waste management of nuclear iuel.->.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; iXuNOrtiCS; tURGl'f,; VU 31, ; GEItHASY;
HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT; RALIORCIIVE; RESEARCH; SAl'tlY; 310t<\JE
(14) HIEhARCH TERMS: 1W2EA; 1uA/2HF; 11m/211G ; 1UD; 1HA/2MH
{15) STIKS ACC.NO.: OOS4301d
(16) CITATION: 22(4) : .209-21 J, Apr, 1977.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 04J902
(2) DOMESTIC: o (2) C/UEJORY: 1^ (2) SUUJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Overview or residuals management in
Pennsylvania.
(4) AUTHOR: flerritt Gi,
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Lauu Application ot Residuals. Proceedings:
tnqineerinq Foundation Conieronce, Lastor., HO, Sep. 26-Oct. 1, 197fa.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEU. AREA: 1US/2PA (10) tJtf. YEAh: 1976
(11) AiiSTKACT: The State plan for the manay t merit of residuals in
Pennsylvania i£ described. rt threa-puast? effort has teen initiated,
encompassing standards development, permit coordination, and planning.
This effort is in response to stricter environmental control
requirements tor air and water pollution. Data on the quantities of
solid waste generation in Pennsylvania are tabulated. Types of waste
generated by certain industries in the State are listed. Also provided
is a listing of estimated quantities of industrial process and
nonprocess waste. PennsyIvaaia'a Solid Waste Management Act requires
that selectel municipalities mast plan for tlu disposal of ail solid
waste generated within tne-ir Boundaries. Objectives or the State
hazardous waste management plan are identified. Elements of
comprehensive water quality management planning that affect solid waste
management are noted. Institutional, financial, and legal aspects of
residual waste control are addressed. Tne importance of permit
coordination and the development ot adequate disposal criteria and
standards is discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTROL; CiUTrkxi/.; DATA; DISPOSAL; tCONO^ICS;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; INSTITUTION; LAW; LL'GAL; MANAGEMENT; NUNlcI PALiTi;
EENNSYLVANI A; FLANKING; REGULATIONS; rtESIUUE; STATu
(14) illERARCH TEtihJ: 1UU/2DP; 1hA/2hF; 1IC/2IY; 1HA/2MG
(15) STT1S ACC.NO.: OOS42945 (15) SECONDARY AUIiiORS: Galida GR
(16) CITATION: New York, NY, American Society of Civil Kr
1976. p. 12 4-134.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO. :
(2) DOMESTIC; 0 (2) cAft^OuY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPfi: 3; i
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Hazaruous waste manageaient and
disposal-industrial.
(4) AUTHOR: Curry NA
(6) jOOK TllLt: In Laud Application of Lesiduals. proceedings:
inqineering foundation Courereiice, Easton, MD, Set.. 2t>-Oct. 1, 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: FN (10) t'iJU. IfLAh: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: ine treatment ai.a aicpcscii ol toxic componei.ts of
kaste are consiaered. Toxic residuals include radioactive waste,
pathoqens, carcinogc-ns, explosives, toxic elements and co.ii^ounds,
incinerator waste, ilamoiabie or exothermic materials, waste degradation
(.roducts affecting the staoility or toxic materials, corcplexiny agents,
and pH affecting products. I'ue ability ot tue following dis[ osai
lethods to handle toxic waste is assessed: spray irrigation, laad
rarminy, sanitary iandrilling, cnemical landfliliny, deep well
disposal, salt beds, and perpetual secure ouriaj. Economic and
practical aspects of treatment aro explored, witi. particular emphasis
31
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
cn leachate treatment and segregation versus treatment. Additional
information on the characteristics and disposal ot toxic waste is
appended.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMJXhL; DISPOSAL; iCCNOHICS; f/iKM; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTEY; IbKlGATION; LAND; L^ACH; M ANA GtMiINT ; PATHOGEN; RADlOAv. TIV ii;
KJiSIDUE; SAHITAt, Y LANDFTi,i; TOXIC; TEiEAlHENT
(14) UIERAilCH TLfiHS: 1HA/2Hi'; 1 fiA/2 Mil ; 1PM; 1TD
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 00342938
(16) CITATION: New YorK, NY, American Society 01 Civil Engineers,
1976. p.17-38.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0437t) COiiPoRATB AUTHOfi: XhW
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Destroying Cnesucai Wastes in uoaaercial-Scale
Incinerators {Facility Report 6). (8) feBPOBT NO.: SW-122c.5> (.9)
CONTRACT NO.: 6b-01-2966
(10) UVNGOAGE: tN (10) GiO. AHi,A: 1US/2li (10) PUB. Y£AS: 1^77
(11) AaSI'RACI": Capital ana operating costii involved in the
incineration ot pulyclonna ted bi^htnyl (1'CB) containxny capacitor
waste anu nitrocnloroi>eiizene tNv.ti) ^rocessinci waste are examaea.
Individual econoaic ai»al.yi>es were pexloraed to aeteraine the commercial.
and industrial costs of incinera tinij chemical waste at the ttollins
incineration facility in Deer Parx, Texas. For commercial disposal
facilities, estimates ot equipment j.rices, fuel consumption, and
• anpower requirements were tiased on ddtd obtained rroa Hollins
Environaental Services, li;c. For the onsite iiidustriai laciiity
involving tne disposal ot NCB processing waste, estimates ot equipnent
prices, fuel consumption, and Uianpowei requirements were cased on
engineering scaling 01 data obtaineu tor the uhemoiitt plant
incinerator systei of the 3« Company. Xne total capital investment for
a 5,000 aetric ton per year i'Ci) capacitor waste incineration plant is
estioated at $3.6 Billion. The total capital investment tor an onsite
4,340 metric J2.o Billion. Annual operating costs tor tne PCB piaat and
the NCB plant are estimated at *3.7 and i1.2 Billion, respectively.
(lil> KEYWORDS: LCONOMiCs; INClSttAriUN; t-Oi-Y CHLORINATED
(\4J HIERARCH i'EbHS: 1IA/21D; 1IA/2IE
(TbJ ST13S ACC.NO.: OUS427b2
(16) CITATION: Washington, uc, 0. S. tnviroumenta^. Protection
Agency, U77. p.t>9-77. (Solid kastt Kanageaent Aeries).
(1) SWlhS ACC.fcO. :
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATc..JOKY; 0>j (2) GUoJ.rYPK: «
(4) AUTHOh: Killidms K
(5) CCKPORATL AUTHOR: Artuur D. Little, 1 i:c
(6) HOOK TITLE: Economic Aosessratnt or Potential Hazardous haste
Control Guilelires £or the inorganic Chemicalt, ladustry. (8) htPOhl
KG.: EPA/530/S*;-134c (^) COJT«ACT NO.: EPA No. ob-01-3269
(10) LANGUAGt: 2N (10) t'Ub. Yi.a[<: 197fa
(11) A3JTRACT: An aiialyaij 01 tne economic impact ot potential
hazardous waste raanaqeir.en t Ct-^aldtions, upon u.orjanic al.emicdls wd^>
performed based on hazardous naste management cost data supplied by the
£PA. The inorganic chemical.-, included chlorine and caustic soda,
hydrofluoric acid, elemental ,Jhosph onus sodiuo, diciiromate, titaaium
dioxide, aluminum fluoride, cnrorae piymcnts, nickel suiiate, phaspLorus
pentasulf ide, phosphorus tr icnlot^dt, and soaiuoi silicorluoridfe. A
iset hodoloqy was developed to .sy3ta .aa tically judtje rhe broader LJOLOUIIC
effects on the^t- ciitntical^, rn.sultj.ng frcn applications of hazardous
kaste management control, nrst by assessing tne liXeliUood that
ttanaqeraent costs would to defrayed through pric<=> increases, and
secondly, if price increase^. <
-------
ECONOMICS
cnly hydrofluoric acid appears to be susceptible to plant shutdowns as
a result of hazardous waste management control costs. (Retained in
SHIBS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL; CONTROL; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; INORGANIC; MANAGEMENT
(1U) HIERABCH TERRS: 1A*>; 1Cb/2i-A; 1EA/2EA; 1HA; 1MA/2MH
{15) STINS ACC.NO.: OOS42585 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Shamel 8;
Hallock K
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, EPA Hazardous Waste Management
Division, Oct. 1976. 320 p.
11) SWIRS ACC.NO. : 043114
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Garbage ana tegionalism.
(4) AUTHOR: Banks S
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Nation's Cities
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YjiAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Regionalisa, already well under way in solid waste
disposal, was given a major boost with the passage of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery act or 1976 (RCEA). The act, among other
thinqs, calls for creation ot a nationwide system or substate regional
solid waste planning districts. The act establishes a comprehensive
framework for identifying and regulating solid and hazardous waste and
alsc for upgrading local waste Management practices. kCRA is more
likely to achieve its objectives than previous redoral environmental
legislation because OL its emphasis on state and local responsibility.
The most important section o£ the act is the section on "State and
Eeqional Solid haste Plans," in which governors in consultation with
local officials are instructed to use previously issued Environmental
Protection Agency guidelines to identify regional solid waste
Eanaqement units and designate a state agency responsible for
iiplementing the state plan. Regional planning agencies are to begin
putting their plans into action by March 1978. Municipal officials are
urged to take an active role in planning to assure that State
consultation with local orncials takes full account of tne advantages
of existing municipal disposal arrangements. Although funding has
improved under the Carter administration, it is still insufficient and
Bany states may choose not to cooperate in enacting the various
provisions of the Act.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; dCONOItlCS; ENVIHONMENT; EPA; FEDERAL;
KAZARDOUS; LAW; 10CAL; MA WAGErtEiVT; aUNICIPAL; RECLAMATION; hEFUSE;
BEGIONAL; SOLID; STATE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DU/2DP; 1ED; 1LB/2LD; 1HA/2ME
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSU2157
(16) CITATION: 15(5):22-2J, May 1977.
(1) ShIRS ACC.NO.: OU23J3
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 07 (2) SUBJ.TYFE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Land application or waste materials: unresolved
problems and luture outlook.
(4) AUTHOR: Martin Wp
(6) bOOK TITLE:
(10) LANGUAGE:
(11) AbS TRACT:
In Land Application of Waste Materials.
EN (10) PUB. VEAn: 197b
A review 01 the land application or waste materials
is presented, and unresolved proulein areas where additional research is
needed are identified. A aist inctiun ».s made hctwetr; disposal versus
the use 01 waste materials. Speciiic waste materials of concern are
noted as heavy petals, pathogens, iiuttient eltmcnts, persistent
organics, organic loadings, waste water aud heat, radioactive wiste,
salinity, and atsthttic valuer. A soil Duality in.lex is fro^oseJ to
rfclate the environnental impact or continuing or sustained use 01 ioil
auendments en cncp production or otner land uses. The statement is made
that the land application or wastu can only he dcci-^talile ir it is
33
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
consistent with good crop, siivicultural, and land management
practices. Such practices must be consistent with protecting the soil
as a resource and, at the same time, protect against the degradation of
surface and ground water and possible conflict with food and fiber
production. The following areas are recommended for further research:
prediction of the long term fatt of potentially toxic heavy metals;
survival, movement, and possible deactivation of viruses; the capacity
cf soil to accept rfaste; the development of cropping systems to
optimize the use of nutrients while maximizing the amount of waste
crganics that can be accommodated; the use of waste heat and water; and
the economic impact of waste management systems on agricultural
production.
(12) KEYWORDS: BENEFIT; UiUTEIUa; DISPOSAL; tiAHTH; ECONOMICS;
IFFECT; HAZARDOUS; LAND; MANAGEMENT; PBOBLEHS; PROJECTION; RESEARCH;
SLDDGE; UTILIZE; HASTE HATEK
(14) HIERAKCH TERMS: 1DO/2DQ; 1 MA; 1 S J
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41377 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Gast RG;
Beyer GW
(16) CITATION: Ankeny, IA, Soil Conservation Society of America,
1976. p. 300-309.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO. : 042048
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Management of used chemicals.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Materials Reclamation weekly
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) ticIO. AREA: 1ED/2UK (10) POB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A one day conference on the management of used
chemicals was held in Strathford on Avon in England. A sampling of
technological potential began witn domestic refuse. After separation,
the cellulose element could be used for the production of ethanol.
About 90 percent of the plastics nou made from oil could be made from
ethanol. &cid from pickling solutions could be revitalized by a system
employing ion exchange mt-Mbranes. Tin in a plating solution was saved
by the same method. Metals in low concentrations can be recovered in a
continuous electrolytic system. In the field of agriculture, grasslands
were fertilized with a liquor generated in the production of gas (for
nitrogen) and with coke oven oyproducts (for phosphate and potash).
Recovery'process of solvents in Europe is discussed, and the problems
of disposing of polychloriaated biphenyls are also discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALCOHOL; CHEMICAL; CONFERENCt; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
EtJROPE; GKEAT BRITAIN; HAZARDOUS; LAND; MANAGEMENT; POLYCHLORINATED;
RECLAMATION; UTILIZE
(14) HIERAECH TERMS: 1CB/2CA/3CC; 1CB/2CB/3CF; 1RB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41092
(16) CITATION: 129 (1) : 20-21, 24, Jan. 1, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041336
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Rosenberg DG (10) GEO. AKEA: 1PF/2PG/3PG; 1PF/2PG/3PH
(10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A comprehensive review of hazardous waste generation
and management practices within the petroleum refining industry is
presented. Nearly 625,000 metric tons (dry weight) of wastes were
generated in 1974 by 247 refineries with processing capacity of 14. 2
Billion barrels per day. Haste streams emanating fron individual
refining process are characterized and described in detail. Following
site visits and waste stream sampling at a representative group of
sixteen refineries, a laboratory program of chemical analysis was
carried out to identify potentially hazardous constituents of refinery
Hastes. Concentration levels of these constituents were measured, and
34
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ECONOMICS
hazardous wastes defined as taose with any constituent with a
concentration exceeding the average level in the natural soil
environment. Oil is the principal hazardous substance in refinery
wastes, rt-presfc'nting approximately 110,000 metric tons per year. Metal
constituents amount to 250 metric tons, fluoride to 812 metric tons,
and phenol, cyanide, and beiiZ-A-pyrena collectively to 6 metric tons.
fore than halt of refinery nastes are removed by private' contractors to
ultimate disposal in offsite lanJriils or lagoons, however projections
indicate a dramatic shift toward onsite disposal, particularly by
landspreading and fillinq. (hdtaineu in ShlfiS library)
(12) KEY'nGUDS: DISPOSAL; JCOHOMICS; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LANO;
KANAGEMKNT; OIL; KEt'INEUY; SURVEY; TK EATHIiNT; HnSTE wATEK
(14) I1IE8ABCH TEfiMS: 1I1A/2HH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: UOSU0380 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Cruse H;
lofy SJ
(18) DOC.CIT.: Rosenberg, D. li. , fi. J. Lory, and H. Cruse.
Assessment cf hazardous waste practices in the petroleum refining
inudstry. Washington, DC, U. -j. Environmental Protection Agency, June
1976. 35J p. (Distributed by the national Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA, as PB 259 097. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040562
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2) CATE;JOBY: 10 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) REO.
AREA: 1ED (10) PUB. YEAR: 197b
(11) ABSlhACl: The Otfice of Research and Development work au the
Public Sector Activities Program is reviewed. There are three research
subprograms and waste management is organized in five areas; wastewater
treatment technology, soil treatment systems, runoff pollution control,
community wastewater system management, and solid arid hazardous waste
management. The general area of rssearch in each of these subjects is
reviewed. In 197b emphasis will De on technological problems associated
with the Construction Grants program, principally the processing and
disposal of sludges from wastewater treatment systems. Upgrading
existing treatment works and alternative wastewate-r disinfection
technologies will also receive attention. The Five Year Plan has the
same objectives, with increased attention to improving existing
treatment facilities with instrumentation, automation, and improved
operation and maintenance proceaure-a, integrated dry and wet weather
•anacjement systems for uruari waste waters, treatment technologies to
achieve the goals of P. L. 92-500, other treatment technologies for
specific discharge conditions, and development of non structural
approaches to urban and sucuruan ruuorf control. Major goals of t.ue
water supply suoprogram include researching improved methods of
identifying and measuring contaminants iu drinking water and finding
their source and effects, and improved treatment methods of raw water.
Environmental management goals involve investigation of linkages among
various residuals generated and discharged by community activities,
design of integrated environmental management .systems, evaluation of
impacts on all media uf siriyle rnejia pollution control strategies, and
development of technical guidance metnods.
(12) KEYfcOKDS: ECONOhiCS; ENVIKUSdENT; EPA; FACILITY; RriANT;
KAZABDOUS; HEALTH; MANAGEMENT; PLANNING; PUOGfiAK; PUBLIC; BESEA8CH;
EIESIDUE; THE&TKEOT; WASTh. HAftlh
(1U) HIEBAHCH IBfiHS: U ii
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOaJ9b06
(18) DOC.CIT.: Puulic sector activities. In U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency Snvir cnmental Research Outlook, FY 1976 througti 1980.
fceport to Congress, Feb. 1976. Environmental Protection Publication
EPA-600/0-76-0OJ. Washington, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1976. p. 85-101.
35
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 040180
(2) DOMESTIC: J (2) CAliiJOKY: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(U) AUTHOR: Hickman H Jr (101 GEO. ABBA: 1DD/2DN; 1LB/2L3;
1IB/2LD (10) PUE. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A summary ot tue new anendments to the Solid Hastes
Eisposal Act is presented. Ine tirst part of the legislation deals with
general provisions of the act, including tindinys and objectives and
definitions to be used to interpret the act. The turnings break down
into four ma-jot areas of Congressional concern, solid wastes,
environment and health, materials and energy. A total ot 35 terms ace
defined in Subtitle A, the taost important of which are disposal;
hazardous waste->; Hazardous wastes management; resource conservation;
resource recovery; solid wastes; and solid waste management. Subtitle b
«stablishes an Office of Solid kautcs in EPA. Subtitle C establishes a
regulatory program for hazardous wastes management. Suntitle D provides
for financial assistance to develop ai.d inplemeiit solid wastes
management plans in the states. Subtitle E provides for the Department
cf Commerce to stimulate recovery and recycling of materials. Subtitle
F requires total government involveifient while Subtitle a provides lor
administration procedures, suutitle h lists authorities to conduct
studies, demonstrations, traiaing and evaluation o£ all aspects of
solid wastes management.
(12) KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; ENjSuiTi; ENVIRONMENT; EPA; FEDERAL;
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; HtALl'H; Lita; tiA NAGHMEMT; RECLArtATION; REFUSE;
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
(1U) H1ERAKCH TERMS: 1MA
(15) STIrtS ACC.NO.: OOS39230
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hickman, H. , Jr. President Ford signs new solid
wastes bill. Solid Pastes Management, 19(11):52, 72, 74, Nov. 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 039906
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) LAIEoOi.Y: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The proceedings of 1975 public meetings on hazardous
waste management are reported. Tiie meetings were convened by tha
Environmental Protection Agency's office of Solid Waste Management
Eroqrams. They were held on December 2 in Mewark, New Jersey; on
December U in Kosemont, Illinois; on December 9 n. Houston, Texas; and
on December 11 in San Francis-o, Calirornia. The meetings were attended
by members of tne public, representatives of industrial firms ttiat
generate hazardous waste, aud environmentalists. The objective of tne
meetings was to obtain and disseminate intormation and recoramecaations
en hazardous waste management issues. Sixteen major discussion topics
viere addressed during tne rout meetings: (1) definition of hazardous
waste; (2) responsibilities and liaoilities ot hazardous waste
generators; (3) hazardous waste disposal methods; (14) practices ior
rendering waste harmless; (b) cost data on processes and techniques ror
the treatment and disposal ot hazardous waste; (6) safety; (7)
provisions for site monitoring and itcordkeeping; (8) availanility of
insurance and other mechanisms to reduce the risk to operators ot
private hazardous wasta tacilities; (9) hazardous waste storage and
disposal sites; (10) fcasiDi-lity methodolcgit s 101 estaul ishiny limits
en the amount of hazardous waste generated; (11) transportation safety
regulations; (12) laueliug; (13) damage costs 01" improper hazardous
waste management; (14) mt-cnan isais ior soliciting citizen aaccptince ot
hazardous waste- management lacilities; (15) hazardous waste generated
ty Federal facilites; (16) involvement of the private sector in tue
treatment and disposal of nazardous waste. (Eetained in StflfiS liLirify)
(12) KEYHOtJCS: CONFEhJiNvJli; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; EPA;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; HaNAuEMENT; MATERIALS HANDLING;
CSW8P; PUBLIC; RESPONSIBILITY; SAFETY; SITES; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS3ttJ50
(18) DOC.CIT.: Corson, «. S. , P. A. Savage, and C. A. £!aggatts,
eds. Proceeding-i; the 1975 i^uolic Meetings on Hazardous Waste
Management, Newark, NJ, Kosemont, 111, Houston, IX, and San Francisco,
CA, Dec. 1975. 2 V. Office ot Solid Waste Management Programs
tublication SW-9p. Washington, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1976. 173* p.
36
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ECONOMICS
(1) SWIKS ACC.NO.: 039748
(2) DOMESTIC: o (2) CATEGORY: 08 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
HEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The economic and financial structure of tne
hazardous waste raanagenent service industry and its potential for
creating new capacity under regulatory and nonreyulatory assumptions
are examined. Hazardous waste management facilities store, treat and
dispose of wastes in facilities iiot associated with the industries that
generate the waste. An analysis ot the industry structure and
organization including data on types of firms and plants, employment,
pricing and costing, and markets was performed. An assessment was made
cf the industry's financial indicators. In 1975, there were
approximately 95 firms iii tne industry operating 110 facilities; total
industry revenues were about «100 million. The resort projects that
there will be capacity shortfalls ol hazardous waste management
facilities in 1983 for organic cueaical diid metal/metdl finishing
potentially hazardous wastes. (Retained in SWIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL; ECONOMICS; FACILITY; HAZARDOUS;
HANAGEMENT; HAKKET; MATERIALS HANDLING; METAL; ORGANIC;
ELANT-INDUSTRIAL; STORAGE
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS38792
(18) DOC.CIT.: Foster o. Snell, Inc. Potential for capacity
creation in the hazardous waste management service industry.
Nashington, 0. S. Environmental Protection Ayency, Aug. 1976. 123 p.
(Distributed by the National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA, as PB 257 187. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036745
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The third in a series of r« ports on the improper
land disposal of hazardous waste is discussed. The report was prepared
by the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Haste
Hanagenent Programs. Criteria used in the selection of incidents for
the hazardous waste reports are severity of damage, availability of
supporting information, and availaoility of Environmental protection
Agency personnel for investigation. This report is concerned witn
petrochemical contamination o; the Cohansey ayuiier in in New Jersey,
hexachlorobenzeue contamination of cattle in Louisiana, and workers
exposed to poisonous fumes at a Maryland landfill. Each damage incident
is described in terms of personal damage, environmental damage,
economic damage, cause of problem, type and yuantity of hazardous
waste, source of waste, date jf incident, location, status, remedial
action, legal action, and costs involved. (Document retained in SKIfiS
library)
(12) KEYHOHDS: ACCIDENT; CONTAMINATE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
HAZARDOUS; INVESTIGATION; LOUISIANA; MANAGEMENT; MARYLAND; NEtf JERSEY;
CSHMP
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 00337709
(18) DOC.CI1.: Hazardous waste disposal damage imports.
Invironmental Protection Publication EPA-530/SH-151. 3. Cincinniti, OH,
1. S. Environnental Protection Agency, June 1976, 13 p. (Solid Waste
Kanageoent Series. )
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 03B277
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGORY: U (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Senate decate on the Solid Waste Utilization Act of
197b (S. 2150) is discussed. The proposed Solid n'aste Utilization Act
is a bill to amend the Solid Waste disposal Act to authorize State
program and impiemen tat ion grants, provide incentives tor the recovery
cf resources from waste, ana control the disposal of Hazardous waste.
The following aspects of the proposed bill are considered in the Senate
debate: program and impleneritation grants., prohibitation of open
duipinq, hazardous waste disposal control, enforcement, citizens suits,
judicial review, loan guarantees, rural community assistance. Federal
procurement, eaployee protection, federal land disposal sites, State
authority. Federal facilities, resource conservation, solid waste on
37
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Federal lands in AlasJca, public relations and economic aspects of solid
*aste control, litter and solid waste, source reduction, energy, impact
of the bill on consumers, solid waste activities in the State of
Oreqgon, employment prospects under a proposed Massachusetts bill on
container deposits, waste disposal methods, areawide planning, and tne
responsibility of State and local government authorities in solid waste
aianagenent.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTROL; DISPOSAL; DUMPING; ECONOMICS; FEDERAL-
GBSST; HflZASDOUS; INCENTIVE; LAW; MANAGEMENT; OPEN; PbtOGRAH-
BESPONSIBILITY; SITES; SOLID; STATE; US; UTILIZE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS37321
(18) DOC.CIT.: U. S. Congress. Senate. Solid Haste Utilization Act
of 1976. S. 2150, 9nth Cong. , 2nd sess. Congressional Record,
122(104):June 30, 1976. Washington, U. S. National Archives, 197b. U4 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 036059
(2) DOHESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.in-E: T (10J PUB.
YJBAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Economic aspects of waste disposal iron nuclear
power plants are surveyed. Recovery 01 nat.eri.dls £rom wastes and their
disposal is estimated at over 500 DH/Kg uranium (0) . 1'he costs of
uranium have been aouuting proportionally with the costs tor standard
fuels: by 1. 1 Pl/XHh for nuclear fuel and By 33 DM/ton for bituninous
coal. The cost of disposal alone amounts to about 12 percent of the
cost for nuclear fuel. Recycling of uranium and plutiaica could save 20
percent of costs for primary uranium. It. is considered ioportant, froa
an economical as veil as from an environmental point of view, to
recover (in the reprocessing plants) tritium and krypton »5 to 90 to 99
percent and iodine to 99 to 99. b. Methods and processes of storing
liquid nuclear wastes, high and »ediun active, are surveyed; Krypton 85
is stored in 50 I pressure bottles (200 kg/sq ca); iodine loaded uarrel
filters are stored in the barrels theaselves; and tritiun water is
pumped into deep porous layers. Several processes are employed in
storing liquid highly active wastes, usually in double wall steel
tanks; after 5 years they aust be further strengthened by soae stable
materials. Bedxua active liguid waste is concentrated in evaporators
and then embedded in uituaen or ceaeut. (Original text in Geraa.ii)
(12) KEYBOBDS: BOhY; CONCBETE; DISPOSAL;'ECONOMICS; FoSSIL FUEL;
rOEL; GEBHASY; LIQUID; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; RECLABAXIOM;
STABILIZATION; STORAGE
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS37103
(18) DOC.CII-: Schmieder, H. Entsorgung der
Keratechnik—Energiewirtschaf tliche und technische AS|ieitte. (Waste
removal In nuclear engineering and its economical and technical
aspects. ) Brennstoff-Waerau-Kraft, 2o(5):212-215, Ha^ 1976.
(t) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 037506
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOMY: U* (2) SUBJ.TYFE: T (10) PUb.
IBAfi: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This study was intended to provide the U. S.
Environmental Protecion Agency (i£fA) «ith detailed and pertinent
inforaation on the generation, management, treatment, Disposal and
costs related to potentially hazardous wastes. Tae intoraation mil be
used by the EPA to develop guidelines and standards toe the management
of hazardous wastes. Tne objectives of this stuay were to determine,
for the manufacturers of industrial organic cnemicais, pesticide
preparations and explosives: (1) the quantities and geographic
distributions of land-destined hazardous waste; ^) present practices
38
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ECONOMICS
for treatment and disposal of land-destined Hazardous wastes; (3)
commercial control technoloyy for reducing the hazards presented by
disposal of such wastes; and (t) the cost of present practices.
(t2) KEYWORDS: CBEJ11CAL ; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS;
ISCIIHiRATIOH; INDUSTRY; ORGANIC; PESIICIOE; PBOCESS ; SIANflABD;
TEChHOLOGI; TREATMENT; WOOD
(15) STXHS ACC.NO.: OOS36552
(18) DOC.CIT.: Gruber, G. 1. Assessment of industrial hazardous
vaste practices, organic chemicals, pesticides, and explosives
industries. Environ«entdl Protection Publication 530/sW-llttc.
Washington, DC, Office ot Solid Haste Management Programs, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 32!> p. (Document available froa
National Technical Information Service as Pb2b1307).
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 037112
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2) CADEuOHYj 1b (2) SUBJ.TYPh: G (10) PUc.
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Federal Government involvement in solid waste
management is reviewed, hastt taiinagtmunt was initiated at the Federal
level in 1965, with emphasis on four aspects: collection and storage,
recycling and transformation, disposal, and reduction. The nature and
scope ot" solid waste generation in the Unittd States are discussed, and
it is noted that major consideration has been given to municipal wastes
in urban areas and to industiial wastes. Better. 1966 and 1970, Federal
research and development focused on municipal wastes. From 1970 to
1973, resource recovery was tae single most important item of
consideration. At the saint- time, errorts were wade to explore hazardous
waste management. Haste production in 1980 is forecasted in relation to
economics, resource recovery, and reduction techniques. It is pointed
out that the Federal Government will most likely emphasize the control
of hazardous wastes in the ruture, along with resource recovery, land
disposal criteria for all solid wastes, waste reduction options, and
the redesign of products to nidKe them last longer.
(12) KEYWORDS: COLLECTION; CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
fKDERAL; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LAND; MANAGEMENT; ilUNi CIP ALiT Y ;
BECLAHATIGN; REDUCTION; STOHAGt; IdCHUOLGGY; US
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ6157
(18) DOC.CIT. : Darnay, JV. Defining the solid wastt problem - an
overview: the l-ederal view point alter a decade of involvement. In:
Proceedings; Fifth Annual Symposium ot the- Los Angeles Regional Forum
en Solid Waste Management, University ot Calirornia, Los Angeles, May
21, 1975. Torrance, CA, Los Angeles Regional Focuiu on Solid Waste
Ranagement, 1975, 160 p. (p. 2-7).
(1) SfclHS ACC.NO. : 0370d1
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAlSGUdY: Oj (2) SUBJ.TYtE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Cnemictil aspects of hazardous waste dianagenie-nt art-
noted. The chemical viewpoint ot Hazardous waste management is
summarized in terms of tnree ma^jor steps: (1) se-jrc-gate- hazardous waste
from all other waste; (2) Keep various types of hazardous waste
separated from eacn other; ana (J) process hazardous materials to
produce environmental! y acc^taDle ana products when there is no
opportunity for recycling, conventions 1 concepts i r. solid waste-
management are considered, iiuludiny a large and relatively constant
volume of waste, constant composition ot waste, containment of waste in
a specific location, and control ol waste to prevent adverse
environmental effects. Th** ciiemical viewpoint is contrasted wit.i
conventional concepts in tuat it emphasizes a relatively small volume1
cf hazardous waste which tnut>t oe h.ept segregated from the buliv of
conhazardous wa^te and spe-cral handling or residaes from proctsse-d
hazardous waste to prevent the rejencration of toxic characteristics.
It is concluded that the co^t of proper hazardous waste Ktd.na.jvan. nt bill
39
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
te higher than that of nonha^ardous waste management. However, the
potential cost associated witn inadequate disposal of hazardous waste
is much higher in terms 01 economist, and environmental damage.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHJHICAL; COMPOSITION; CONFERENCE; CONTROL;
CISEOSAL; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; h&2.A8DOU5; KA NAG EML'NI; SEPARAIING;
TOXIC; VOLUME
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.; 003^61^6
(18) DOC.CIT. : Brown, *. E. The chemical viewpoint of hazardous
wastes management. In: National Solid Hastes Management Association.
Proceedings; Fourth National Congress on Haste Management Technology
and Resource and Energy recovery, Atlanta, November 12-14, 1975.
Washington, DC, a. S. Environaiental Protection Agency, 1976, 382 p. (p.
37-45).
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037079
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: An approacii to the management of hazardous waste is
detailed. Hazardous waste materials generated in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,
and Washington were surveyed to estimate types and quantities of wast*-.,
determine waste management and disposal practices, identify existing
and potential hazardous waste disposal sites, project future waste
generation patterns, and develop cooperative concepts to enhance
hazardous waste management within tne study region. Four potential
sources ot hazardous waste were identified: (1) industrial operations
which produce a hazardous residual as part of their process or handle
hazardous materials; (2) State and iederal activities which handle
hazardous materials; (3) agricultural operations which handle large
quantities of pesticides; and (4) hazardous waste management industry.
Surveys of these sources were conducted to ottain detailed inrormatioiu
The effectiveness of a regional survey approach to the evaluation of
hazardous waste management is discussed ir. relation to the expected
benefits of obtaining detailed information and whether such benefits
exceed the cost ot direct contact with all potential hazardous waste
sources.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALASKA; CGLLECi'lO N; CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
HAZARDOUS; IDAHO; INFORKAilON; MANAGEMENT; OREGON; QUANTITY; REGIONAL;
SURVEY; WASHINGTON
(15) ST1MS ACC.NO.: OOS36124
(18) DOC.CIT.: Dawson, ii. W. , and K. W. Stradlty. Regional
approacii to cheoical waste; Oianaqeme lit: how uo you derive your data
base? In: National Solid oastes Management Association. Proceedings;
fourth National Congress on fcdste Management Technology and Resource
and Energy Recovery, Atlanta, Novemoer 12-14, 1975. Washington, DC, U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, 382 p. (p. 10-21).
(I) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03b4t>a
(2) BOBESI1C: D 12) CAi'EGOhY: Us (2) SUbJ.XIt>i.: T 110) PUB.
IEAR1 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous aspects of waste generation, treatment,
and disposal in the phar»aceutical industry are exaained. Four uasic
study objectives were identified: (1) determine tne nature arid
quantities of hazardous waste originating in the pharmaceutical
industry in 1973 and pro3ect tflese quantities to 1977 and 1983; (2)
determine treatment and disposal practices within the industry; (3)
exaaine improved control technologies which can be applied to reduce
waste hazards; ana (4j calculate the cost o± xayleaenting three levels
of control technology in a typical iiypotnetical plant. Three levels of
technology were considered: technology applied by typical facilities,
best technology eaplo^ea, and technology necessary to provide adequate
healto and envirounental protection. Study results are presented in
regard to characteristics o± the pharmaceutical industry und its waste
products, treatment and disposal technologies, anil cost analyses.
40
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ECONOMICS
Appendices provide inlorB.itj.on on hazard grades and properties of
hazardous constituents.
(12) KEYWORDS: COMPARISON; COMPOSITION; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; DROSS;
ECONOMICS; BPA; HAZARUOUS; INDUSTBJ; PROJECTION; G.OANTITY; SURVtY;
SYSTEMS ANALT SIS; TECHNOLOGY; TREATMENT
(15J STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS35S03
(18) DOC.CIT-: Environmental Protection Agency. Pharmaceutical
industry: hazardous Haste generation, treatment, and disposal.
Environmental Protection Putlication SH-508. Washington, U. S.
Cover Meat Printing Otfice, 1976, 17o p. (Solid Haste Management
Series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.UO.: 036361
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S (10j PUb.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Cyanide wastes arise in three main forms: spent case
hardening salts containing 10 to 15 percent cyanide; spent plating
baths, dips, stripping solutions etc, which contains several percent
cyanide; and reuse waters vhicu generally contain cyanide at less than
1,000 milligrams per liter. Experiments are described for the
electro—chlorination of cyanide reuse waters using planar electrode
cells; this method, utilizes sodium chloride and though the cyanide is
destroyed, metal is precipitated and must be filtered out. A letter
alternative electrolytic method uses the Chenelec cell in which metals
are recovered as a high purity deposity on toe cathode as tne cyanide
is destroyed. The chemistry and comparative costs of chlorination
versus electrolytic treatments are tabulated. Batch and continuous
processes are described. The experimental method using a simulated
copper cyanide rinse water should be equally applicable to all cyanide
plating solution. If the recovered metal has a value of 250 to 350
pounds per ton, the cyanide can be destroyed at zero cost.
(12) KEIWORDS: CHEMICAL; COMPARISON; ECONOMICS; ELECThOLXSIS;
ENERGY; FILTER; GSEAT BRITAIN; HAZARDOUS; METAL; PRECIPITATE; SALT;
SEPARATING; SIMULATION; TOXIC
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS3S406
(18) DOC.C1T.: Hillis, H. tt. Treatment of cyanide wastes by
electrolysis. Transactions of the Institute ot Metal finishing,
53(2>:65-73, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 035530
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; 05 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: 6 (10) FOB.
TEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A major contributor to the high cost of solid waste
management is the cost of injuries that result in medical treatment and
workman's compensation payments. Refuse collection and disposal have
compiled the worst injury record of any industry in America. The Bureau
of Sanitation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin planned a complete safety program
with the goal of cutting down on accidents. The Bureau purchased
Operation Responsible, a training program developed by the 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The program included a movie, a
series of slides complete with narrative, and instructions for training
supervisors, truck drivers, and sanitation workers. Safe working
procedures include such things as avoidance of slips and falls, careful
handling of hazardous materials, proper lifting methods, and how to
drive and guide vehicles. The package froa EPA was used with only two
changes. A few slides from each series were replaced with slides of
Milwaukee sanitation workers. The narrative that accompanied the slides
was taped so that the supervisor did not read it. Discussions and
helpful suggestions were prompted by the presentations. It is estimated
that the program saved the city approximately 200 thousand dollars in
1973, its first year of operation. Due to a severe winter in 1974, the
accident rate did increase over the 1973 figures. A complete safety
program includes the proper attitude, an employee*s orientation to the
job»s safety equipment, a method of raising public interest, a
cooperative effort between labor and management, and an information
41
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
system. A good reporting system for injuries helps determine the
factors which influence injury rates.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDEHT; COLLECTION; DISPOSAL; KCONOHICS; EPA;
EQUIPMENT; HAZARDOUS; INJURT; LIFT; HARAGEMEHT; MILWAUKEE; PERSOHHEL;
SAFETT; TRAINING; TRUCK
(T5) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS34575
(18) DOC.CIT.: Caplan, R. E. Hilvankee battles back against refuse
collection injuries. Public Works, 106(12):55-57, Dec. 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 033987
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOK*: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This payee discusses the development of a data basfc
for the exchange and recycling or hazardous wastes. The Office of Solid
Waste Management Programs (OSriMP) or the U. S. Environmental Protection
Aqency (EPA) believes that tne implementation of the industrial waste
txchange concept provides a Viable metnod for alleviating the hazardous
industrial wastes disposal problems in this country. The literature
indicates that industrial waste exchange clearinghouses have been
estaolished in at least six European countries in recent years. These
waste exchange clearinghouses ate generally operated by a national
industrial association. Advertisements are used to make the
availability of wastts known, although the source of the waste remains
confidential. At least oue private firm in the United States has been
established as brokerage to txpedite the exchange of wastes for its
customers. Altnough OSkMP dot.s not intend to organize or manage an
industrial waste utilization clearinghouse at this time, it is iunding
a study of the European waste clearinghouse and other institutional
arrangements through whicn a viable industrial waste utilization
exchange, and rtcycling program coald he implemented in the United
States. It is suggested that the first American exchanges will probably
operate in specific regions rather than nationally as a result or the
high cost of transporting wastes long distances. A systematic
oethodoloqy will ce developed to assess tne potential uses tor
industrial and waste streams and will be demonstrated for at least 50
industrial waste streams. A cleaririy house implementation program will
te also developed. (This document is retained in the SHIMS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; IftDUSTRX;
HANAGEM&NT; OSWKP; PLANNING; PROBLEMS; RECLAMATION; RESEARCH; SfSTJiH;
UTILIZE
(1b) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS33031
(18) DOC.CIT.: Porter, c. H. Development of a data base for the
exchange and recycling hazardous wastes. In Proceedings; National
Conference on Management and Disposal of Residues from the treataent of
Industrial Wastewaters, Washington, D. C. , Ftb. 3-5, 1975. Rockville,
Maryland, Information Transier, Inc. p. 261-263.
(1) SrfIRS ACC.NO.: 03395y
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) POD.
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This paper presents an assessment of the generation
cf hazardous wastes and ol hazardous wastes management practices in the
organic cuemiccils industry. Tuis industry, Standard Industrial
Classification Code 231, includes the following industries: alkalies
and chlorine; industrial Basses; inorganic pigments; and other
industrial inorganic chemicals. Data are provided on the generation of
the following hazardous waste constituents by the various segments of
this industry: asbestos, arsenic, ueryIlium, cadimua, curomium,
copper, cyanides, lead, mercury, halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides,
selenium, and zinc. About '35 percent of the production in SIC 291 is by
plants in the ether industrial inorganic chemicals sub-category, but
42
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ECONOMICS
this sejtion prolu;es dboat vO peioent ot the. potentially iidzaraous
wastes. Wastes from the moiy-iiu - cnt.'iicdia industry are generally
subjected to some comi>n,a tioi; oj tut iollouihy treatment and disposal
troctsses.: chemical Jetoxi* i ;at i.oii ; n i-j ti t c mpe id tute ^rooes.iinj , ot.tn
duinpinij; municipal aisciiriiq^ to iiiaincipal sewers; deep well injection;
and ocean .ium^ iiu;. nost 01 rht pottntially KdZardoas wastes troir. tnis
industty are .1 imposed OL ny \i )hai..q, la y oonii't,, la ndl lilin.j, or
duropu1-). qtnerally in Ht duy./nce OL adei,udt>j coiit di. ruif i.t, Jioii it 01 ing,
cc leacuate control j:co^ LCUUS. it i., S'Ujjt^te-1 t.tat appropriate
satequards to upgrade lahu aiopo>>di operatious coulo he imulemohtot] in
some cases with only 5io3i-i.dte niJtenDes in oo^t. (li.i^ do':ui''tnt i^
retained in th<- SnIKJ lii/i.ary. )
(12) KLKWORi.3: ANAL'''blS; v,il£,MiLAL; LlATn; L'i^fOSAL; r-CONOKILS;
be. NE RATION; it AZAI DJu'S ; T i-Du ,1 -ti ; INUBuAMC; .MAN A>-JI. V."K T; tKUuLt'.i;
tLCJjiCTiON; JtH.Vlilf; TPLAl.^.a
(15) STIMS M<-C.;JO.: jonj3JOj
(18) DuC.CIT. : fortka.;, b. A tote voiaD.e:": and oharactt n.stus iron
inorqanic chemicals liilubtiy. In PLOceediu^.s; Natioi.al Coii±«reuce on
lanaqt-munt arid Jisposai 01 uesiaa^a iron, tlic Trcatiacnt or industrial
V,astcwaters, fc as ainq ton, u. v.. , let,. J-S, 1971;). Kockville, ll^ryiaid,
Information Transter, Inc. p. ^1-47.
43
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section 3
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
(6) BOOK TITLE: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: This Act amends the Solid Waste Disposal Act,
Title II of Public Law 89-272—89th Congress, S. 306—October 20, 1965;
as amended by the Resource Recovery Act of 1970, Public Law 91-512—
91st Congress, H.R. 11833—October 26, 1970; by Public Law 93-14--93rd
Congress, H.R. 5446—April 9, 1973 and by Public Law 93-611--93rd
Congress, H.R. 16045--January 2, 1975. Provides for a hazardous waste
regulatory program: financial and technical assistance for planning
enhanced solid waste management programs: grants to improve solid
waste management systems; and authority for research, demonstrations
and studies.
(16) CITATION: Public Law 94-580. 94th Congress S 2150
October 21, 1976.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Preliminary Notification of Hazardous Waste
Activities; Proposed Procedures.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: These proposed rules set forth the procedures
for preliminary notification of hazardous waste activities. They
define administrative procedures under which States may be granted the
authority to receive notifications of hazardous waste activities, and
they specify the procedures for filing such notifications by persons
conducting hazardous waste activities. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is proposing rules in order to facilitate notification of
hazardous waste activities for both those persons who must file
notifications and those who will receive them. The statutory intent
of these proposed rules is to assure that all persons who at the time
these regulations are promulgated are generating, transporting,
treating, storing, or disposing of hazardous wastes identified or
listed under regulations, shall notify EPA or an authorized State of
these activities. These proposed rules specify who must file notifi-
cation of hazardous waste activity, when and where notification rmist
be filed and what such notification must contain.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 43(133):29908-29916, July 11,
1978.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Transportation of Hazardous Waste Materials;
Proposed ProvisJons; Hearing.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: This notice proposes to amend the Hazardous
Materials Regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, 49 Code
of Federal Regulations, Parts 171 through 177. The proposed amendment:
(1) Would apply to the offering, transportation and delivery, both
interstate and intrastate, of hazardous waste materials. (2) Would
amend the DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations but not the Federal
Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (49 CFP. Parts, 390-397). (3) Would
define "hazardous waste" to include presently recognized hazardous
materials when shipped as waste, The definition would result in the
designation of all hazardous wastes as hazardous materials. Hazardous
wastes would become a subset of hazardous materials. (4) Would
prohibit the offering, transportation or delivery of hazardous wastes
to sites not sanctioned. (5) Would require additional information on
shipping papers. Additional information required to complete a manifest
would have to be entered on hazardous materials shipping papers, or
the manifest itself could be used as the shipping paper, provided it
meets DOT requirements. (6) Would allow a greater latitide for use
of nonrefillable and reconditionable containers for some hazardous
waste shipments. (7) Would establish H stringent definition of when
44
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LAWS AND REGULATIONS
a container (under 110 gallons) is "empty" for purposes of the DOT
Hazardous Materials Regulations generally. (8) Would require a
telephone report for any improper hazardous waste discharge, and to
submit additoonal details on the written hazardous materials incident
report. (9) Would require carriers to retain for three years a copy
of each manifest. (10) Would preempt inconsistent State and local
requirements. (11) Would not result in a major national economic
impact, nor in a major increase in costs or prices for carriers
generally.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 43(102): 22626-22634, May 25,
1978.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Standards Applicable to Transporters of
Hazardous Wastes; and Public Hearing; Proposed Rules.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Proposed standards under Section 3003 of the
Solid Waste Disposal Act (the Act) prescribing procedures for record-
keeping, acceptance of hazardous waste for transport, compliance with
the manifest system, delivery of the hazardous waste to a designated
facility, spills, and placarding/marking of vehicles. In addition,
EPA proposes that all hazardous wastes which meet the Department of
Transportation's (DOT'S) definition of a hazardous material be subject
to the Federal DOT Hazardous Material Regulations for both interstate
and intrastate shipments. DOT is in the process of developing regula-
tions which will include coverage of hazardous wastes. If DOT develops
standards similar to those proposed by EPA, the EPA hazardous waste
transportation standards will be modified to reflect the DOT Hazardous
Materials Regulations or will reference the DOT Hazardous Materials
Regulations.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 43(83): 18506-18512, April
28, 1978.
(6) BOOK TITLE: State Hazardous Waste Programs; Proposed
Guidelines.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: This rule sets out Guidelines for State
hazardous waste management programs, including the substantive and
procedural requirements for authorization of such State programs under
the authority of Section 3006 of the Solid waste Disposal Act (42 USC
6901 et seq.), as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (Pub'.L. 94-580). These Guidelines also prescribe the
procedures by which States may apply for authorization, the procedures
by which such authorization may be withdrawn, and the procedures by
which EPA proposes to exercise oversight of such State programs as may
be authorized under Section 3006. Section 3005 of the act requires
anyone who owns or operates a facility which stores, treats, or
disposes of hazardous wastes to have a permit. The Agency considers
this requirement to be central to the administration and' enforcement
of the Act. Section 3002(5) of the Act requires the use of a manifest
to ensure that hazardous wastes which leave the site of generation are
taken only to storage, treatment, or disposal facilities to which a
permit has been issued.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 43(22): 4366-4373, February
1, 1978.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Toxic Substances Control and Solid Waste
Disposal; Public Information; General Provisions;
Confidential Business Information Under Toxic Substances
Control Act and Solid Waste Disposal Act; Proposed Rule.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: This rule makes changes in the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) procedures for dealing with requests for
information under the Freedom of Information Act and adds two new
sections to Subpart B to implement modifications in the basic pro-
45
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
cediires for handling business information obtained under the Solid
Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976, and the Toxic Substances Control Act. This rule
makes no changes in EPA's policy concerning disclosure of business
information that is confidential.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 43(12): 2638-2644, January
18, 1978.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Public Participation in Solid Waste Manage-
ment; Interim Guidelines.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: This rule sets forth guidelines for involving
the public in the development, revision, implementation and enforcement
of any regulation, guideline, information or program under the Solid
Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (Pub.L. 94-580). These guidelines apply to all EPA Offices
concerned with the Act, other Federal agencies carrying out activities
mandated by the Act, and to State and substate entities receiving
financial assistance under the Act. Federal, State and substate
entities shall provide, encourage, and assist participation of the
public in solid and hazardous waste management activities to the
fullest extent practicable consistent with other requirements of the
Act. The major objectives of such participation include increased
responsiveness of government to public concerns and priorities and
improved public understanding of official programs and actions. EPA
considers public participation to include public meetings, conferences
and workshops; development of and distribution of reference materials
understandable by the public; and the opportunity for public involvement
and comment prior to promulgation of regulations and guidelines. EPA
will make special efforts to insure that the public and the media
understand the complex technical information produced. This will be
accomplished through the use of a broad range of communication tools
as described in the guidelines. The intent of the guidelines is to
foster a spirit of openness and mutual trust between the public and
the Federal, State and substate entities in efforts to promote the
protection of the public health and the environment, and to conserve
valuable material and energy resources.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 43(8): 1902-1906, January 12,
1978.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Effective Hazardous Waste Management
(Non-Radioactive); Position Statement.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The purpose of this position statement is to
describe a preferred waste management strategy or set of priority
pathways for hazardous waste control that adequately protects the
public health and environment. The Agency believes that reuse, energy
recovery and material recovery as well as treatment are desirable
prior to ultimate disposal, especially land disposal. Thus, the
desired waste management options are (in order of priority):
Waste Reduction
Waste Separation and Concentration
Waste Exchange
Energy/Material Recovery
Waste Incineration/Treatment Secure Ultimate Disposal
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 41(161): 35050-35051, August
18, 1976.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Vinyl Chloride; Recommended Procedures for
Disposal of Aerosol Cans.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The purpose of this publication is to provide
guidance for the disposal of vinyl chloride-containing aerosol cans
that became obsolete when the Environmental Protection Agency, on
January 22, 1975, cancelled certain products for indoor use that
contained vinyl chloride as a propellant. An estimated 3.3 million
cans of vinyl chloride aerosols were in existence. Of these, approxi-
46
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LAWS AND REGULATIONS
mately one million were in the hands of manufacturers, wholesalers,
and retailers. The remaining 2.3 million cans were in the possession
of the consumer. This guidance was addressed primarily to holders of
large quantities of vinyl chloride-containing aerosol cans, although
the recommended procedures are appropriate to disposal of any such
wastes. These recommended procedures represent the best information
available on preferable disposal options for vinyl chloride-containing
aerosol cans. VCM made up about 20 percent by volume (equivalent to
about 16 percent of the net weight) of the propellant in most of the
canceled pesticide aerosols. The pesticides involved were mainly
pyrethrins, lindane, and malathion. In hair sprays, deodrants,
paints, etc., however, VCM was as much as 40 to 45 percent by volume
of the contents. Other propellants are chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12
(e.g., Freon). Although EPA has no data on the ingredients of non-
pesticide aerosols, hairsprays, for example, would be expected to
consist mainly of organics, while paints may contain heavy metals such
as cadmium, lead, chromium, or mercury.
Disposal of VCM-containing aerosol cans. Final disposal of VCM-
containing aerosol cans was undertaken using methods listed in order
of preferred priority:
1. High temperature incineration (except for products containing
heavy metals)
2. Burial in a State-approved chemical (or hazardous) waste landfill
3. Burial in a separate area of a State-approved sanitary landfill.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 41(112) 23226-23227, June 9,
1976.
(6) BOOK TITLE: Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Containing Wastes;
Disposal Procedures.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN PUB YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: These recommended procedures do not have stan-
dard-setting or regulatory status, but represent the best information
available on preferable disposal operations for PCB-containing waste
materials. Refers to American National Standards Institute Standard
ANSI C107.1-1974 which was in process of revision. This guidance is
addressed primarily to industrial users of PCB's particularly those
manufacturing or using capacitors and transformers containing PCB's
although the recommended disposal procedures are appropriate to all
PCB-containing wastes. PCB's are toxic, pervasive and persistent in
the environment, and tend to accumulate in the food chain. Past uses
have included impregnation of braided insulation of electric wiring,
plasticizers in cable coatings, and as hydraulic system fluid. Safe-
guards are outlined for handling, transporting and disposing.
(16) CITATION: Federal Register, 41(R4): 14134-14136, April 1,
1976.
(1) SVIfiS ACC.NO.: OU68<*d
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATESOBJ: 0* (2) SUtJ.i'XP£: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Yugai Uissflitsu ni kakauaru suisnitsu soryo
kisei. (Control of the total unount ox the hazardous substances
contained in the industrial wastevater) .
(4) AUTHOR: Wizorogi ti
(6) JOURSAL Iirtt: iosui To hdiaui
(10) LANGUAGE: JA (10) PUB. i£Ah: 147b
(11) ABSTRACT: i report entitled "The Implementation of Hazardous
Substance Treatment Facilities corresponding to tne Neeas ot Individual
Industrial Processes" is sunnarized alter an investigation and a
discussion were held at the 1'okyo Water Quality Council Inquiry on
Noveiber 10, 1975. This vas> due to u decision Bade oy the council on
the necessity of enforcing uat<=r Duality contiol in flay 1*;.i. The
plants which will be subjected under the new water Duality control laws
are those which either use hazardous substances as raw materials or
those which include a process where hazardous substances are produced,
and at the sane time, discharge »ort than 100« (3) ot wastewater/day
into the public waters. The paper discusses the varieties 01 industrial
processes that discharge hazardous substances, standards for the
iapleaentation ot the treatment idcixities, and the naiatenance and
47
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
control of the treatment facilities, i-he new control system intends to
place a water quality caecking point within the plant grounds, which is
expected to curtail the con Urination of the water environment by the
discharge of hazardous substances in considerable amounts. (Oriqinal
text in Japanese) .
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTROL; FAC-ILITJ ; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY- LAW
QUALITY; SYSTEM; HATER
(t4J HIERAHCH TERMS: 1HC/2PT; 1wi./2C2
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 003*45900
(16) CITATION: 11fa(b) :5-b». 1976.
(1) SW1RS ACC.NO.: 04&2VO
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; o* (2) SUUJ.TYFE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Haste disposal: it's a dirty business.
(4) AUTHOR: Dunphy OH
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Chemical week
(10) LANGUAGE: £tt (10) G£U. AREA: 1US/2JU (10) PUB. YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Illegal disposal of hazardous wastes by illicit
haulers is examined. Illegal dumping occurs in nearly every industrial
state. Less than 1/2 the states have hazardous wastes laws and less
than 1/4 regulate disposal. Nationwide, law enforcement officials are
cracking down on illegal dumpers and companies who deal with then.
There are indications that illegal traffic in hazardous wastes is big
business and that organized crime is involved. Illegal haulers are able
to charge disposal prices which are a fraction of those oi legitimate
firms. Examples are given oi illicit dumpers who have been apprehended,
prosecuted, and, in sole cases, jailed. New Jersey's eiforts to halt
illegal traffic in hazardous wastes are descried. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency is formulating implementation plans for
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act or 1976, aiming at assuring
environmentally safe disposal of these wastes.
(12) KEIMORDS: DISPOSAL; DUHPING; ECONOMICS; EPA; FEDERAL;
HAZARDOUS; ILLEGAL; LAW; NEU JERSEY; REFUSE; STATE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DO/2LF; 1HC/2DP; 1LF/2DP; 1LF/2ER
(15) STlrtS ACC.NO.: OOS45J21 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Hail A
(16) CITATION: 122(9) :25-28, Mar. 1, 197fa.
(t) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 046090
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUtfJ.TYPE: (i
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Overview or hazardous waste aanageoent program.
(4) AUTHOR: Lehnan JP
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Piicner, K., ed. Talking Trash: Proceedings of
the Meeting of the National Coalition on Solid Waste, Mar. 4-t>, 1977.
(9) GRANT HO.: T90551-01-0
OOl LASGOAGE: EH (io> PU&. YEAK: ii»77
(11) ABSTRACT: An overview is presented of the hazardous waste
• anagement program t.eing aeveloped i>y EPA under provisions of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 19/6. Elements of the program
include: development of a data base on hazardous waste characteristics,
damage assessment, ana control tecnnology options; translation of data
into advisory guidances; assistance to states in program development;
and provision of technical assistance to states in program development;
and provision of technical assistance. Present emphasis is on
developing standards to define and manage hazardous waste tnat will
mandate the practices of nazaraous waste management and disposal,
including transportation, storage, treataent, notification, and
permits. The present status of regulation development consists
primarily of planning ana rulenaking, with completion scheduled tor
April 1978. Resource recovery options and puolic participation in
ruleidicing and implementation are also discussed, (Retained in SMIBS
library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: CONS EKV ATI OB; ENVIRONMENT; F£D£f!AL; HAZARDOUS; LAW;
MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC; RECLAMATION; REGULATIONS; RESOURCE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HC/i.A»; 1LF/2FF; 13A/2FF; IttR
(15) STIBS ACC.JIO.: OOS<45140
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, Environmental Action Foundation,
1977. p.15-19.
48
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LAWS AND REGULATIONS
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 045at>2
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGOS*: 0* (2) SUBJ.TXPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Permit processes, labeling, and facility safety.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal oi hazardous Wastes: fiecoamended
Procedures for Hazardous Waste Management.
(tOJ LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AHtA: 1CD; 1US/2CA (tO) PUB. YEA8:
197?
(11) ABSTRACT: termit processes and facility considerations
associated with the management ot hazardous waste by Morth Atlantic
Treaty Organization countries are discussed. Elements of the hazardous
vaste disposal decision process are identified as tfte preproduction
decision, generation, transportation, treatment and disposal. Two types
of permit processes are descrioed; (1) permits for a particular
operation; and (2) control documents to maintain the identity of waste.
Trip tickets are defineu as a form oi documentation designed to follow
waste from generator to transporter to disposer, Examples of waste
•anagenent forms used in California and Ontario, Canada, are provided.
Tne important role of labeling in the proper disposal or hazardous
•aterials is emphasized. Sample hazardous waste information labels used
in Canada are included, safety precautions ana procedures at hazardous
waste disposal facilities are addressed. (Retained in SKIES library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CALIFORNIA; CANADA; DISPOSAL; HAiAtfbOUS; LICENSE;
HAHAGBflEUT; REGULATION; SkfLtt; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT
(14) HIEBABCH tESBS: 1DU/2DK; 1UD/2DK; IHA/ZH*
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44911
(16) CITATION: north Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977.
p.79-95.
(1) SWIRS ACC.KO.: 045261
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEyokX: 09 (2) SUbJ.rXPL: T
(3) A«TICLB I'lTLB: Toxic waste dumping incident demonstrates
surveillance needs.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Public works
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (io) GEO. AREA: ius/2Kif; ius/2TN (10) PUB.
J£lfi: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A toxic waste du»ping incident is described to
illustrate the need for regulatory surveillance. Disposal of wastes
originating in Memphis, Tennessee, had oeen subcontracted to an out of
state firm which trucKed the toxic wastes to the sewage collection
system of Louisville, Kentucky. Employees at a waste nater treataent
plant became ill, and local and federal officials traced the irritants
to their source. Various precautionary measures were taken to protect
public health and the public water supply froa the effects of the
wastes, and solutions were sought to reaove or deactivate the
contaminants. The incident resulted in a threat to public health and
actual illness of some involved employees, inconvenience to the
municipalities involved in cleanup and decontamination procedures, and
considerable expenses incurred ia tracing and treating the wastes.
After this incident it was determined that ambient water quality
monitoring was insufficient to detect such incidents due to weaknesses
in both organics detection and analysis efforts and in interagency
communications. It was concluded that a tail safe detection system was
not feasicle or affordacle, out that an effectively administered and
adequately staffed permitting type regulatory program could serve as
the primary safeguard against sucn incidents in the future.
(12) hEYKORDb: CONTAMINATE; OUHPIHG; UFA; dAZAbUOUS; HEALTH;
KEHTUCKX; MONITOR; PULL1C; PObllL WOHKS; REGULATIONS;
TEJTNESSEE; TOXIC; WATER
(1U) HIERAHCH TE8KS: 1HA/2d.f; 1SK/2SU; 1Ti<
(15) STIaS ACC.NO.: OOS4432o
(16) CITATION: 106(11):5tf-oO. 32, Dec. 1977.
49
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044636
U) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAtE^OHX; 09 (2} SOBJ.TYPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLi.: Managing hazardous waste.
(4) AUTHOR: Andres DR
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Baste Age
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) QUO. AREA: 1US/2TX (10) POb. JEAfi: 1977
(11J ABSTRACT: 8 review ot a Texas manifest systea is presented.
The Texas system is an example of a shipping Manifest, or "trip ticket*
regulatory system which is designed to identity the quantity,
composition and origin of hazardous waste during its transportation
from the point of generation to the point of storage, treatment and/or
disposal. It was developed and implemented by the Texas Water Quality
Board (TWQBJ in 1976, and may provide a model for other states to
follow. The advantages ot the manifest are detailed. no authorization
is necessary, there by ainiaizing procedural problems tor both the
waste generator and TWQB. The generator controls the oft site disposal
of waste. Potential problems associated with improper disposal can be
detected, investigated and resolved, in developing the regulatory
mechanism for controlling solid waste, the TWQB relied on criteria
relating waste classification to waste quantity and the size of the
generating facility (determined by the number of employees). The
article defines tbe classes ot waste. In an effort to restrict the
number of active participants in the manifest system while at the same
time implementing controls tor the most potentially hazardous wastes,
the TBQB developed a classbased reporting system. The design of the
shipping control and reporting system is detailed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CLASSIFICATION; CONTROL; HAZARDOUS; BANAliEMEST;
BEFUSE; 5HIP; TEXAS; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DW; 1HA/2HF; IBA/2HB; 1HA/2MH
(15) STIHS ACC.KO.: QOS43681
(16) CITAT10H: b(10):38, 40-41, Oct. 1977.
(I) SMIBS ACC.NO.: 044506
(.2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATKbOKX; 09 (2) SUBJ.TTfE: G
(3} ABTICLE TITLE: State prograas aust be "equivalent, consistent
and provide adequate eniorceaent" to win EPA approval.
(4) AUTHOR: Collins HF
(6) OOUSHAL TITLE: Solid Waste Systems
(10) LANGUAGE: E» (10) PUB. HEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: This article discusses issues that might encourage
waste managers to participate in the development of federal standards.
The 1976 Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act empowers EPA to
establish compulsory Minimum standards lor state hazardous waste
management programs. EPA is now investigating issues that must oe
resolved before federal regulations can be developed. The unclear areas
of the law, and KPA criteria for approval of state programs are
discussed. Suggestions are Bade for states to reduce the hazardous
waste management. Practical applications of existing resources must be
utilized to achieve this. This discussion points out some uncertainties
about the impact that the new law any have on waste managers. The law
requires EPA and States to seek public participation. Interested
persons are encouraged to express their views.
(>2) KB5TMORDS: CRITERIA; FEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; LAh; MANAGEMENT;
REFUSE; STANDARD; STATE
(14) B1ERARCH TEHMS: 1HA/2bf; 1LB/2LB; Ui>/2LC; 1LB/2LD; 1MA/2MG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43551
(16) CITATION: 6U):22-23, March-April 1977.
(1) SX1RS ACC.NO.: 0440^2
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEliO«y: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYFK: G
(5) CORPORATE AUTBUR: Japanese trime Minister
(6) BOOK TITLE: Order or the trine Minister's Office on the
Stipulation of Criteria to aeternine Hazardous industrial Wastes.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1AI/2JA (10) PUB. TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A susmary of the Japanese Prime Minister§s Office
Order #5 issues on Fet>. 17, 1y7j. this order, ••Standard criteria for
Deterninition. of Hazardous industrial Hastes" is based on item 1 and 3
50
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LAWS AND REGULATIONS
of article 6 of the haste Disposal ana luclic Cleaning Law uf 1^71, and
was revised twice, first iu Sept. ot 1974 and second in Feb. of 1976.
This order contains standard criteria related to landfill and
reclamation, spent acids ana alkalis, and earth and sand deposits in
water. There are two additional tables lifted which relate to article 1
and 3, and article 2 respectively, aescrioe a standard criteria for
determination of each hazardous substance such as aikyl mercury
compounds, mercury and its co»pounds, cadmium and its compounds, lead
and its compounds, organic phcspher compounds, sexivalent chromium
compounds, arsenic and ita cospounds, cyaniae and polychlorinated
biphenyls>(PCB) . (original Text in Japanese) (Hetaiued in SHIUS
library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: A1K; CL'EMICAL; CKll'ERIA; jiSVIRuNMENT; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; JAPAN; LAif; MERCURY; fltiTA*.; CJBGaNIC; POLLUTION;
POLYCHLOKINATEB; SLAG; fOXlc; WATER
(14) HIERABCH TERMS: 1HA/2HH; 1i.B/2LD; 1Tl»
(15) STIWS ACC.NO.: GOS43095
(16) CITATION: Japan, Feb. 1i»76. 3y p.
(t) SHIRS ACC.BO.: 0437d4
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0!* (2) SUBJ.TIl'E: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: States to have rcajor role in neir hazardous
wastes programs.
(b) JOURNAL TITLE: Solid Haute Systems
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUb. SEA*: 1*77
(11) ABSTRACT: The question of want constitutes a hazardous waste
is addressed. The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976 defines major responsibilities tor states in designating and
implementing hazardous waste programs. Through this law, more than $50
million could be available to states 101 development, of hazardous waste
management programs. Congress, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), the National Solid Haste Manajeieut Association, and many states
have designated terms for, and have defined hazardous wastes in,
proposed or enacted laws and regulations. However, ten agencies agree
on the definition. Objective criteria are needed to alleviate problems
ot terminology and should be scientifically valid, practical, and
legally defensible. Three general criteria snould be used: physical or
chefflical properties, concentration limits, and listed constituents
deemed hazardous in any concentration. Standardized methods should ike
developed for determining it a waste meets such criteria. A simplified
decision tree for determining whether a waste is Hazardous is
suggested.
(12J KEY80BDS: CHEMICAL; CRITERIA; DISPOSAL; iiPA; F£CERAL;
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; LAW; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICAL; PKOGRAH; STANDARD;
STATE
(14) HIEBAHCH TERMS: 1HA/itty; 18A/2MG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO-: oOS'»2a27
(16) CITATION: 6(1):6-7, Jan.-Feb. 1977.
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 043249
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2) CATEGOKI: OK (2) SUBJ.'J'XfE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Solid waste uiaposal — a long-standing public
aealth problem comes of age.
(4) AUTHOR: bands HC
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: American Journal of Public Health
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (ioj PUB. XEAK; 1^77
(11) ABSTRACT: A laudable goal of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976 is to encourage recycling of natural resources. An
additional purpose of the Act is to provide for the safe disposal of
discarded materials and to regulate the management of hazardous wastes.
With respect to the latter goal, three reports are noted. One report
describes the fortuitous recovery and removal of 70 kg o± sodiuz
monofluoroacetate from a sanitary landfill which drained into a stream
bordering on wells ana flowed into a reservoir. Tne second report
commented on a study of leachates from solid waste laiid disposal sites
across the U.S. which showed significant amounts of water and food
51
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
chain contaminants. And a tnird report on shallow land burial of loir
level radioactively contaminated solid waste round tnat although these
materials pose no immediate threat to human neaith, lony teta snallow
burial is not recommended. The puolic unknowingly contributes to the
hazardous waste problem, but uy far tiie greatest source is industry,
especially the metallurgical and chemical industries. Examples are
given ot companies wnictt art showing responsible attitudes towards
hazardous disposal.
(12) KEIHOBDS: tQhK; CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; MA2AttDOUi; HEALTH; LAND;
LAM; LEACH; MANAGEMENT; POLLUTION; *jii>IOACTIVi;; RECLAMATION; SAFETY;
SANITARY LANDFILL
(14) lilERABCH TEKBi>: 1HA/^cF; IbB; 11C; 1.L&/2LL; 1LC; 1RA/2RG; ISli
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 005422^^-
(16) CITATIOS: 67 (5) :4l9-42t). Hay 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0431C2
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CA'iEGOHY: Oi. (2) SUBJ.TKPE: (i
(3) ARTICLE 1'ITLE: The disposal ot uoa-bioaegrauable hazardous
wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: street E
(6) JOURNAL TITLK: The Chemical Engineer
(tO) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GKG. AStA: 1KO/20K (10) PUB. XBAtt: 1977
(11) AbSTRACX: The disposdl ot nunbiodegradable hazardous wastes in
Great Britain proceeded, until 1972, with little controlling
legislation. Under the Poisonous Kaste Act (1972) it Became an offense
to deposit waste on lanu, or cause or permit it to be deposited on land
where the waste was poisonous, noxious, or polluting, and its presence
was liable to cause an environmental aazard. It also tie cane an offense
to remove or deposit waste that was not exempt trom the Act witaout
giving prior notice. The Act still permitted. £ull use of all tips. In
1974, the Control ot Pollution Act, Part 1, introduced provisions to
effectively control the use ot tippiny sites. Local disposal
authorities carried out surveys whicn identified the uide variety of
materials and noted disposal options. Authorities also recommended
disposal systems most appropriate for their areas. KeChem's central
waste treatment plants, estaolisned prior to control legislation, were
modified in accord with local needs. The otain categories of wastes
covered by controlling legislation are noted as are methods currently
available for dealing with the groups. Current prices for disposal
Methods are also shown. The possicility or the recovering ot acids is
discussed. In the United Kingdom acid recover; is not yet viable except
on a very large scale.
(12) KEYHOBPS: ACID; CONTROL; DISPOSAi.; DUHPlJiG; iCOBOMICS;
ESVlBOHBiiJIT; EUROPE; GREAT fchX'TAiN; HAZARDOUS; LAUD; LAW; POLLUTION;
RECLAMATION; TOXIC
(14) E1ERARCH TERBS: 1DD/2DL; 1EA/2EA; 1HA; 1LC/2LB
(15> STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4214b
(16) CITATION: (319):249-250, Apr. 1977.
(1) iJWIRS ACC.fcU.: 042531
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY: 12 U) i>UbO .'i'Yl'K: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Decent progress in environmental Duality in
Japan: revisions of environmental and effluent standards on mercury and
setting of environmental and effluent standards on PCb.
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Japan Ministry of Construction
(6) »OOK TITLE: In Proceedings: Fourth United states/Japan
Conference on Sewage I'retttment Technology, Cincinnati, OH, and
Washington, DC, Oct. 23-24 and Oct. 2o-29, 1975. («) Riii-ORT NO.:
EPA-600/9-76-023
(TO) LANGUAGE: KN (10) GEO. AREA: 1AI/2JA (10) PUB. lEArf: . 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Changes sade to Japanese environmental and effluent
standards for mercury and polychlorinated Dipaenyls (PCfl's) are noted.
The changes made to wastewater discharge standards and to relevant
measuring methods were enforced on September 30, 1974. Seasons for the
changes are cited, n'ith the incorporation of the changes, advances in
analysis technology and the use of more sophisticated analyzing devices
52
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»afc.e it possible vo uUdly?^ Ios» at-u.',i > ' tv. v sB«-rcui.y. Provisional
tolerance iey«->is of ."^rc'ifv lav** oe-'f. *• i-ii*l i i.i~>* J for ti.jn and
shellfistt, and wore d«tia on euv i ; .>,5st r <.a j pr»; li-1 i->n uud shellfish
contamination have uoroat" r> va i i-u.J->r. ct tne
intecreiut.ionsh.ij-- t>et«een the a. .letv-.iiy .^idii lifted in
fora. BeLevant factoid taken mtu ac.:i>uut in > n«> rvvjrioii en fCB
standards are identified «s th« c-->nce.nt ia 11or. lotjo .in fish ar,d
shell lisfi and le-jsutement atthodi. foi r'CB's. i.aiculdtions for
deteriiuing ei>virc>nse»tal tiuaijti- in:«i> on I'ib'c <*re presented.
(12) KlititUKDi.: CuHC&NTnATIUN ; t li.i,hA K^.E ; r Ff i.»l o«T ; K^UIi'MKN I; FISH;
OAFAM ; BANAGB8ENX; Mf ASOB ijM iJNxS; MiiHCtJftl; I- v)L uOi TiiN ;
QUALITY; REGULATiOMS; STAKUAKI;; ^ATKK
(14) LIEHABCH T£R«i>: IhA; 1H ; 1«ft/«:*u; l»A/2«l>;
(15) STIBS ACL.NO.: Ii0i«»1^74
(16) C1TATIOK; Cincinnati, uh, O.i,. tmnr oj»«etit«il Protection
Agency, Oct. 197fe, p.105-112.
(1) SK1KS ACC..NO.: (-'«Ut>UU
(2) DOfiESriC: F (/) lATtWu, If: 14 (/,) :,UhJ. !'Y fh: 0 (1^) GEO.
AREA: 1AI/20A {10} ;Ufa. XLAh: 1v/b
(11) AfiSXfiACT: A iiuitaaiy of toe Ctj.se 8 j n j sttac ';. utfice Order no. 6
issued i'tbruary 17, 197 j is prt: t-ntoa, Itus ocaer, "^tdnaara Criteria
for Deteraination of hazardous 3 udui-ti lui luastes n> fco dii»chdiged to
the Becldiation Sites. . . " ii, bost-a i»n rluut-e 1:3 ot ctiticie lj of the
enforceient ordinance to tbe Bariue Vullution Prevention l,ouncls, cadaiua and its
compounds, lead ana its compounds, arsenic aua itfa compouuds, cyanide
and polychlorinated bipnenyls (PCb) contained in organic ana inorganic
sludge fro« various industrial souccei,. (Original text in Japanese)
(Retained in SHlhs library)
(12) KBIWOHDS: A1A; Chfc.RIi.AL; Ci.l'i'Ckl A; JS*«lfio«ati*A; HAZARDOUS;
HIDOSTBr; JAPAK; LAi<; «£KCO«j;; HKTAL; Oh(iANiC; t>OLLUT±Oll;
POLYCULORlBATtD; SAB1TAKK LANJliFllL; bLAti; rOiiC; dAi'LK
(14) UIEBARCH TEKMS: 1HA/2hf; liC/217; U^/21-B
(15) SX1MS ACC.NO.: OOS3904U
(1B) DOC.C1T.: Order of the iriae Minister's oftice oa tne
stipulation of criteria to deter»j.ne aazardous waste to be aiscnarged
to sites such as the landfill sites piovided fot in clause 1, article b
of ordinance to the Hanue Pollution Prevention j,dw, Japan. Orfice of
the Prise Minister, 197t«. 11 y.
(1) SKIES AC0.1IO.: 040/11
(2) UOBESTIC: f [2) CATtHiUKVl W (4) jUbJ.TYt'jJ; i' J10J
ABBA: 1A1/2JA (ioj I-UB. iBAfa: i^vt
(11) ABSTRACT: A su««ary ot notification 14 ot tne Japan
Environment Ayency issued on Pebiu«iry I?, 1'J lJ and applied on March 1,
1973 is presented. The notirication, 4.t.la u> detection technique for
hazardous materials, is based ou a provision 01 article 4 ot the 1973
Prime Hinister's Oftice Order 6 concerning stipulation of criteria for
determination of hazardous wastes to be discWiged to reclamation sites
provided for in clause 1 article t> of an ordinance to the flarine
Pollution Prevention LAV, and was revised in February and September of
1974 and in February of 1V76. The detection technique established by
the Director General of the Environment Agency expressed in the
notification consists of preparation of a test solution, detection
technique, and calculation of the concentration of the hazardous
materials for each classified industrial waste. The hazardous materials
to be detected are as foiions: alkyl aeicury coapounds, mercury and its
53
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, sexivalent chromium coiipounds,
arsenic and its compounds, cyanide and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).
(Text in Japanese) (Retained in SHIHS library)
(t2> KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; COHTKOL; EHVIRONHEST; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
INORGAHIC; JAPAN; LAW; MERCURY; METAL; MONITOK; ORGAHIC;
POLYCHLOR1NATED; SAKITABI LANDFILL; SLAG
(14) HIERARCH TERHS: 1CB/2CA/3CB; 11C/2IY
(15» STlflS ACC.BO.: OOS39755
(IS) DOC.CIT-: Raiyo oshen boshi no shilco rei dai go jo ikko ni
kiteisuru utetate basho nado ni haishutsu sniyo to suru haikibuitsu ni
fukuaareru yugai busshitsu no kentei hoho. (detection technique of
hazardous materials contained in industrial waste to be discharged to
sites such as the landfill sites provided for in article 5, clause 1 of
ordinance to the Marine Pollution Prevention Law. ) Japan, Office of
the Pri»e Minister, Feb. 27, 1976. 11 p.
(t) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040637
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORI: W (2) SUbJ.TYPE: G (10) GEO.
AREA; 1AI/2JA (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Keference no. 5 is a su»»acy ot notification no. 13
of the Environment Agency issued on February 17, 1973, and relates to
tiie detection technique for hazardous Materials contained in industrial
wastes. The notification is based on a provision of article 3 of the
1973 Prime Minister's Office Order Ho. t> on the stipulation ot criteria
to determine hazardous industrial waste, and was revised in February
and September of 1974 and in February ot 1976. The detection technique
established by the Director General or Environment Agency expressed in
the notification consists of preparation of a test solution for
detection of hazardous materials, detection technique, and calculation
of the concentration of the hazardous materials for each classified
industrial waste. The hazardous materials to be detected are as
follows: alkyl mercury compounds, mercury and its compounds, cadmium
and its compounds, lead and its compounds, organic phosphor compounds,
sexivalent chromium compounds, arsenic and its compounds, cyanide and
polychlorinated biphenyies (PCB) . (ttetained in SHIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; CONTttOL; ENVIRONMENT; UOIfEttBMEHT;
INDUSTRY; JAPAN; -LAW.- POLLUTION; REFUSE; TOXIC; HASTE HATER
(14) HIERARCd TERMS: 1CH/2CA/3CB; 1HA/2HH; ITU
(15) SUMS ACC.MO.: OOS39b81
(18) DOC.C1T.: Japan Prime Minister. Detection technique of
hazardous materials contained in industrial wastes. Japan, 1976,. 13 p.
(1) SWISS ACC.JO.: C«C1i6
(?) DO'ESTIC: D (?) CRTTGOhY: 14 (?) S»: tDO/">?i; H
1LB/7LD (10) PUB. YEAHt 1^76
(11) AESTRAC7: A nummary of th*> n^w aaen^iPits to th*> Solid
Disporal f-Ct is present**!. The first part of thjectiwe'; and
definitions to l»t> usffi to interpret the act. Th» fi'Hin'SE. break clown
into four major areas of ConqrecsiottaJ concern, «?<>Jir$ wat-t«:s,
environeent and health, latcrials and otorgy. ? tot^l or 3r> terns are
defilit-d in Subtitle ft, tJi«- »ost important of whic*- nrr -iisiiosal;;
hazardous wastes; hazardous wastes taaaviptent; '-eso«ro*> constrvation;
rc&onrc*-- recovery; h.oli(J wa;;t«»c; and ^oii^ war+.e jBaiac.^seiit. Subtitle B
estabiirhos ai> Otfire ot Solid *ast*-B iri V,P1. Sntti^le C estahlxsiies a
regulatory vrogra* for *iazardou'- wastes »anao«>«ent. Subtitle 1> provides
for financial assistance to develop un>J iaplftent roliil wastru
»ana«)«>«ont plans in the states, subtitle F proridoK fr»r tae Department
of Coimcr<-e t« stimclJto recovery a»«.i recycling o*' •»aterial". Subtitle
F require:; tolnl «,ov«=rnB^iit inv«.Iv«a^nt w^-il-^ Subtitle ", providos tor
administratioj) proc^iiurc-s. iu*-titlt h lifts anthoritios to couOinct
54
-------
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
sto^ietv, demonstrations, training ami evaluation of all aspects of
solif! »aste& Bana.iement.
(12) KiilHOPDS: ECONOMICS; ENaRR1:; £S¥ CROH *T"JT; *PR; FEDERAL;
GOVEBNBF1IT; I'AZSBSOOS ; HEALTH; LA8; «ASA(;WK»ST; SRCtAMATTOK; a'?FOSE;
SOLID kASTE DISPOSAL ACT
(14) HIERAECH TERJ1S: IMA
(1C.) ST1BS &CC.8O.: OOS 19?30
(1C) DOC.C-tT.: riickman, H. , Jr. President J*orfl nigni n«y solid
wastes bill. Solid rfastes MauA^caeiit, 1*(11):r>?, 7?, 7H, »iov. Tt76.
O) SBIRS ACC.«O.: 038571
(2} DOMESTIC: D (2) CAIEUOKX: ua (2) SUbJ.tYl?£: G (10) PUB.
YEAfi: 1976
(11) ABSThACT: hazardous aateriais are detined in relatiou to
criteria and regulations tor their control. Hazardous materials are
considered to be raw materials or fxnxsaea products. I'he aesxynation of
a product as hazardous tor transportation purposes; ia based on the
product having characteristics »hich, in the eveat o± an unintentional
release from its container, would pose a miuor to aajor danger to
persons or property. Hazardous material regulations developed toy the
Department ol Transportaion are noted, with eapnasis on passage of the
Iransportaion Satety Act of 1*74 (P. L. JJ-63J). the ueea for
developing an i»proved nazard inlornation syste* is discussed. Problems
involved in the impleaentation oi hazardous material regulations are
exastined. Activities of the rtanulactaring Cheaists Association with
regard to hazardous materials are reviewed, and the development ot a
hazard information system by that association is addressed.
(12) KS1HOSDS: CO«XKOL; HAZARDOUS; I.AW; PuOfalJiMS; SWUiLAXIONS;
TBAHSPOkT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ7616
(16) DOC.CIT.: Hazardous siateriais - what are tney.' Traliic World,
165(13) :33-40, Mar. 25>, 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.SO.: 038277
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 11 (2) SBBJ.TIPE: 6 (10) PDB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Senate debate on the Solid Waste Utilization Act of
1976 (S. 2150) is discussed. The proposed Solid Haste Utilization Act
is a bill to amend the Solid Haste Disposal Act to authorize State
program and implementation grants, provide incentives for the recovery
of resources from waste, and control the disposal of hazardous vaste.
The following aspects of the proposed bill are considered in the Senate
debate: program and implementation grants, prohibitation of open
dumping, hazardous waste disposal control, enforcement, citizens suits,
judicial review, loan guarantees, rural community assistance. Federal
procurement, employee protection. Federal land disposal sites, State
authority, Federal facilities, resource conservation, solid waste on
Federal lands in Alaska, public relations and economic aspects of solid
waste control, litter and solid waste, source reduction, energy, impact
of the bill on consumers, solid waste activities in the State of
Oreggon, employment prospects under a proposed Massachusetts bill on
container deposits, waste disposal methods, areawide planning, and the
responsibility of State and local government authorities in solid waste
management.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTROL; DISPOSAL; DUMPING; ECONOMICS; FEDERAL;
GHAUT; HAZARDOUS; INCENTIVE; LAH; MANAGEMENT; OPEH; PROG8AM;
RESPONSIBILITY; SITES; SOLID; STATE; DS; UTILIZE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS37321
(18) DOC.CIT.: 0. S. Congress. Senate. Solid Haste Utilization Act
of 1976. S. 2150, 94th Cong. , 2nd sess. Congressional Record,
122(101):June 30, 1976. Washington, 0. S. National Archives, 1976. 44 p.
55
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIfib ACC.NO.:
(2) DOHESriC; D (2) LAl'tGOWi: u* (^) SUfaJ.lYtE: S; T (10) PUiS.
YfcAfi: 1:^75
(11) ABSTRACT: The disposal or h^z discust.ed, based on activities of the Otiice of Solid Waste
Management Prograns within the ti.virouirientai Protection Ageuc/ (EPA) .
Tie status ot solid waste aanagejent j.s discussed, along with Federal
legislation! on solid tasxe disposal. it is estimated that an estimated
10 aillion tons o£ potentially hazardous waste- are generated in tfle
United states annually, this includes toxic industrial siudge,
pesticides, acids, caustics, il«» lai/ies, explosives, and Biological and
radioactive resiuuais. It is concluded tnat tiie eifective management of
hazardous waste re.j.uiie£ a regulatory program. A prograa is being
conducted by t't'A mat is airectea toward three Rain areas: (1J public
nealtu and euvironsental damage, i,tudj ot tne toxic effects of
hazardous waste and docuaitns. aanage incidents; {2} hazardous «a«tfe
dssessaeut, iiiontify Hastt; sources, develop data oil waste
characteristics, and obtain data on w^ste generation rates; (3)
technology usses:»ien t, t>i_udy «iuct eVuiUate disposal tecnnoioi_,y . The
technology dsseysmerit program oi the ufiice ol i>oiid haste aanayeaent
Prograas it; aescribed, witn eipnauit on source concentration,
alter native waste u&ea, resource recovery, incinera lion, cheaica.1 and
biological tredtment net hods, and iana aisposai.
(^2) /iEIrfJKUS: t'ATA; UlSPuiAi.; i'LUKKhL; hA2ARl/UUS; INDUdXhY; LArf;
OSHMP; PUhLiC; ijAiEl'X; SLUL'Gt; 'J'tXaNuJLuGY ; i-KEAl'MENl'; hASTE hA'fi.fc
(ti>) M'lAS ACC.NO.: OOSJ'/i^^
(ti.) iiOC.ClX.: Sci.aus, J. biSL-obaj oi industrial wastewater
treatment sludges, in Lan^rfor tuy , V. ». , ed . Proceedings; 1'hira Annual
Pollution Control Coniereiice of tfle Wdter ana kastevater liguipmtint
Hanui'acturers Association, Apr. 1-U, iyii>. ABU Aruor, El, Ann Arbor
Publishers, inc. , 1975. p. 7^5-7^2.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO,: 037973
(2} DOMESTIC: F (2) CA'J'LGOK "i ; uy (/) iUBJ.I-XtE: 1' (10) PUS.
YiUtf: 1976
(11) AbSTHACr: In 1974, as deteraxned by the German federal
Governaient, tne existing nuclfeui power plants do not pollute the air or
waste water with radioactive uaste. Tiiis is due to tne strict
enforceaent of protective ley isiation . fiadioactivity of exhaust air and
water waters is routinely measured. Regular aeasureaents are taken in
the vicinity of uuclecir power plants, to prevent diiy occasional
contamination. Up to elate aieasuring apparatus and methods are
described. 1'he aiaiimua vaults ol raaiation exposure in dnect vicinity
to nuclear power plants are within toe iractioas ot one miliireni/year.
As of July 1975, a tat.ie is given showing the average genetic radiation
exposures, irosi i.0
fflrea/a {iray 50 mcem/a; radiatioii therapy about 0,5 mrem/a; nuclear
aedicine about 0. 5 arei/a) ; fallout due to nuclear wta^on testing,
less than 8 mres/a. The loilowiag apparatus is descriried and
diagrammed: electronic lultichaunel computation ana analysis system
automatic Fhl'770B saaple changer; anticoincidence measuring systea with
counter t.ubes for analyzing filters and speciaens (that eait
radiation) ; dose meter ot tJ.e Fht190b with an lonizatiou chaBDer lor
continuous measurement of gaaiaa radiation; hinigor i&E i>0 1 xy-recorder
to operate jointly with tne Fijri2tiA multichannel analyzer of pulses.
(Original text in German)
(12) KEYWORDS: A1K; COBTAWINAXE; cOKTKOL; hyUiPBENT ; iSXPOSURil;
G2EHANY; BEASURKfl ENTS ; flONlTOK; i'OLi-UliON; RAbli'flOS; i(AD10ACi'l VE;
BKGULAT1OSS; bAPtTY; WASfi. hAI'Kii
(\5\ STIHS ACC.NU.: OOS3701/
(1b) IK)C.CiI'.: Koitsiowski, A. floaerne iitraalenschutiBesSijeraete zur
Aaidgen und Osgo^un^suefierwiicuuii'j (Modern radiation measuring device
for aonitoiin'j plants and taeir vicinities), kasser, Lurt uud Betriefa,
b:2-Jl-2S3, 1916.
58
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LAWs AND REGULATIONS
(1) SHIKS ACC.HO.: 037826
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2} CAl'EGOKK: 14 (2) SUfaJ.TYPE: G (10) FOB.
I BAB: 19/3
(11j ABSTRACT: A summary is present of the Prine sinister 's Office
Order No. 6, issued Feb. 17, 1973, This order, "Standard Criteria for
Deter ni nation of Hazardous induatrittl wastes to be Discharged to the
Reclamation Sites. ..." is based on clause 1 to 3 of article 5 of
the enforcement ordinance to the Marine Pollution Prevention Law, and
was revised in Sept. of 1974 and in Feb. of 1*76. The order contains
standard criteria related to sludge, ocean disposal, and methods for
determination of hazardous substances. The eight listed tables describe
standard criteria for deter ui nation ol substances such as alkyl mercury
compounds, mercury and its conpounds, cadminn and its compounds, lead
and its compounds, arsenic and its compounds, cyanide and
polyehlorinated biphenyis (1'CB) contained in organic and inorganic
sludge from various industrial sources. (Original text in Japanese)
(121 Kb'YKORDS: CHEMICAL; CBlPtfliA; DliiCHAKGE; DISPOSAL; HAZAKBOUS;
INDUSTRY; JAPAN; LAK ; RECLAMATION; SAMPLING METriOBS; SITES; SLUDGE;
HATfcR
(1!>) STIHS ACC.tiO.: GOS36670
(Ifa) UOC.CIT.: Japan Of rice of tiitt Prime Minister . Kaiyo osen boshi
ho shikorei dai gojo ikico ai X.it«i suro u*etate basho nado ni haishutsu
sniyo to suru yugai na haikibutsu ni KaJcaru hantei kijun o sadaaeru
sorifu rei (Order of the i'riac tl mister's office on the stipulation of
criteria to determine hazardous waste to be discharged to sites such as
tue landfill sites provided for in clause 1, article 5 of ordinance to
the marine pollution prevention law). Pri»e Hinistjer's Office Order 6.
Feb. 7, 1973. 35 p.
(1} SKIES ACC.NO.:
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGUKK: 14 (2} SUbJ.TYPE: fci (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1*73
(11) ABSTRACT: A summary of aotirication Ho. 13 ot the bnvironient
Agency issued on Feb. 17, 1!<73, shica relates to the detection
technique for hazardous materials contained in industrial Hastes is
presented. The notification is based on a provision oi article 3 of the
1973 Prime Minister's Office Order »o. b on tne stipulation of criteria
to determine hazardous industrial waste, and was revised in Feb. and
Sept. of 197i* anu in Ireii. ot 197b. '/he detection technique established
by the Director General oi Environment Agency expressed in tne
notification consists ot preparation of a test solution for detection
of hazardous materials, detection technique, ana calculation of tne
concentration ot the Hazardous materials for each classified industrial
waste. The hazardous »aterials to be detected are as lollows: alk.yl
mercury coapounas, nercury and its compounds, cadmua aua its
compounds, lead and its compounas, organic pnospher coapounds,
sexivalent chroKium compounds, arsenic and its conpounds, cyanide and
polycalorinatea biphenyls (PCt»j . (Original text in Japanese)
{12} KEYWORDS: ChKHICAL; COl«C£NThATIU«; hAlARuOUS; INDUSTRY; JAPAH;
LAH; SAMPLING MKl'iiODS
(1:>) STlas ACL. NO.: OOS36b6o
(1aJ UUC.CIT.: Japan tnviionmtnt Agency. Sangyo haifciuutsu ni
fulcuaiareru yugai iiusshitau no xentei hoho (Detection technique ot
hazardous materials contained in industrial wastes) . Environaeut Agency
Notification 13. February 17, W73. 15 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037825
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEt,ORi: 14 (2) SUi,J .TY tZ: U (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1973
(11) ABSTRACT: A sunBiury is presented of uotitication No. 1<* of tne
Environnent Agency issueu on >'eb. 17, 1973 and applied on March 1,
1973. The notification, related to detection technique lor hazardous
materials, is baaed ou a provision ol article 4 or the 19/3 Prime
Sinister *i. Office Cider No. b conceit) ing stipulation ot criteria for
deter a in at ion of aaxardous wastes to i,
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Feb. of 1976. The detection technique established by the Director
General of the Environment Agency expressed in the notification
consists of preparation of a test solution, detection technique, and
calculation of the concentration of the hazardous materials tor each
classified industrial waste. The hazardous materials to be detected are
as follows: alkyl «ercury coapounas, aercury and its compounds, organic
paospber compounds, sexivalent chroaiun compounds, arsenic and its
compounds, cyanide and polycnlorinated biphenyls (PCB) . (Original text
in Japanese)
(12) KEISJORDS: CHEMICAL; DISCttAKGi;; HAZARDOUS; JAPAS; LAW;
RECLAMATION; SAHPLI8G METHODS; SITES
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36869
(18) DOC.CIT.: Japan rtivironmunt Agency. Kaiyo osen boshi ho shilco
rei dai go jo iicxo ni kiteisuru umetate basho nado ni haishutsu shiyo
to suru haikibutsu ni fukumareru yugai busshitsu no kentel hoho
(Detectiou technique of hazardous materials contained in industrial
waste to be discharged to sites such as the landfill sites provided for
article 5 clause 1 of ordinance to the marine pollution prevention
law). Environment Agency Notification 14. February 17, 1973. \2 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 037621
12) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOKI: 14 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: U ilO) PUB.
TEAK: 1973
(11) ABSTRACT: Is a summary ol the Prime Minister's Office Order
Mo. 5 issued on Feb. 17, 1973 is presented. THIS order, "Standard
Criteria for Determination of hazardous Industrial wastes" is based on
items 1 and 3 of article 6 of the Haste Disposal and Puclic Cleaning
taw of 1971, and was revised twice, first in Sept. of 1974 and second
in Feb. of 1976. This order contains standard criteria related to
landfill and reclamation, spent acids and alkalis, ana earth and sand
deposits in water. There are two additional tables listed which relate
to articles 1 and 3, and article 2 respectively, and describe a
standard criteria for determination of each hazardous substance such as
alkyl mercury compounds, mercury and its compounds, cadmium and Its
compounds, lead and its compounds, organic phospher compounds,
sexivalent chromium compounds, arsenic and its compounds, cyanide and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). (Original text in Japanese).
(12) KEXtfORDS: ACID; ALKALINE; CK1JEK1A; MkTti; HALAfcDOOS;
HTDUSTRX; OAPAli; LAW; HSCLAHAT10H; SAND; SASlTAhX LABWILL
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS36a65
(Ifa) DOC.CIT.: Japan Office ox the Prime Minister. Kugai na sangyo
haUtibutsu ni kakaru bantei ki^un o sadaaeru soritu rei (Order ot the
prime minister's office on the stipulation of criteria to determine
hazardous industrial waste). Prime Minister's Office Order Ko. b. Feb.
17, 1973. 10 p.
(t) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 037689
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOMY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TIfE: G (10) PUB.
IBAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The increasing volume of hazardous waste is
addressed in relation to the responsibilities of local officials for
disposal. It is estimated that about 10 million tons of nonradioactive
hazardous waste ace discarded annually and that this volume is
increaing at the rate of 5 to 10 percnt per year. Stricter Federal and
State air and water pollution regulations are increasing the volume of
industrial sludge, slurry, and liquids that are considered toxic.
Efforts made in California to deal with hazardous waste ae noted, with
emphasis on their system for classifying for classifying hazardous
waste landfill sites. Criteria that facilities in California must meet
to classify as a Hazardous waste site are outlined. Leachate treatment
methods at landfill sites are discussed in relation to neutralization,
biological treatment, evaporation, and predcipitation. A demonstration
project in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota is cited which involves a
hazardous waste control facility for a seven-county area. Operational
data gathered during the demonstration will include making chemical
waste sate for burial, encapsulation and Burial of chemical waste,
58
-------
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
collection and treatment of leachate, production of leachate under a
variety of environmental conditions, Methods of monitoring i
(12) KEJHORDS: BUHY ; CALIFORNIA; CLASSIFICATION; CLAY; DISPOSAL;
HAZABDOUS; LEACH; MANAGEMENT; NORTH CAROLINA; PITS; REGULATIONS;
SANITARY LANDFILL; SIXES; UNDERGROUND; VOLUME
Ob) STlaS ACC.NO.: OOS3673J
(18) DOC.CIT.: Anon. Get ready! Hazardous wastes are coming your
way. American City ana County, 91(b):S7-5B, Aag. 1976.
11) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 037084
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (,10) PUB.
IEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The management of hazardous waste in Tennessee is
discussed. The Tennessee Solid Haste Disposal Act. implemented in July,
1972, contains two basic sections which deal with hazardous waste
disposal. One section is concerned with the registration of hazardous
waste processing and disposal facilities. The other section deals wittt
special waste and is aimed basically at controlling the disposal of
this waste in sanitary landfills. The nature or the hazardous waste
problem in Tennessee is reviewed. Attempts of the State to deal witn
hazardous waste are noted, including enforcement of regulations in the
Tennessee Solid Haste Disposal Act which relate to hazardous waste
disposal and restrictions on the disposal of hazardous materials in
sanitary landfills. An industrial waste survey was conducted to
determine the magnitude of industrial and hazardous waste disposal
problems in Tennessee. Other hazardous waste management activities in
the State are also discussed, including solid waste training courses
for municipal and industrial sanitary landfill operators, sponsorship
of an annual solid waste conference, elimination of liquids from
sanitary landfills to minimize possible leach<*te production and
ultimate ground Mater pollution problems, efforts to pass a hazardous
waste control law, and the development of adequate manpower for
monitoring hazardous waste industries.
(12) KEYiORDS: CONFERENCE; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; GRANT; HAZARDOUS;
LEACH; MANAGEMENT; PERSONNEL; PROBLEMS; REGULATIONS; SANITABI LANDFILL;
STATE; SURVEY; TENNESSEE; TRAINING
(15) ST1BS ACC.HO.: OOS36129
(Id) DOC.CIT.: Tiesler, T. state hazardous waste program. In:
National Solid Hastes Management Association. Proceedings; Fourth
National Congress on Haste Management Technology and Resource and
Energy Recovery, Atlanta, November 12-1U, 197b. Washington, DC, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, lS7b, 382 p. (p. 76-79).
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037063
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The operational phase of California's hazardous
waste management program is described. In accordance with the Hazardous
Haste Act, the State Department of Health developed and adopted
regulations governing hazardous waste in Calirornia. Emphasis is being
placed on five aspects of hazardous waste management: (1) policy
regarding land disposal; (2) monitoring hazardous waste producers,
haulers, processors, and disposal site operators; (3) enforcing minimum
standards for the collection, processing, and disposal of hazardous
waste; (•*) surveying production of hazardous waste on a statewide
basis; and (5) participating in a State plan for managing hazardous
material spills. Problems encountered in administering California's
hazardous waste management program are noted, along with recent
activities in the State which affect hazardous waste management. It is
felt that the foremost challenge in developing an equitable hazardous
waste management system throughout the State involves the
implementation of mandates contained in Assembly Concurrent Resolution
79 regarding hazardous waste disposal sites and the implementation of
-------
recommendations made by t ti>y .• n«.»~ ci i-.ii l.iyii'J Xtiat.- i.'oaai t tee- on
hazardous waste planning p.* ion -
(12) h£Y,W3HDS: vrAI.IPOfcNJA; i-UMPfihfcNti,; &i L.I-OL,Al. ; dA..A}; LAND;
HAHAtiKH£J& HISHJ tori, DC, U.
S. Enviconnental Frotectioa Ai)en-:y, 1'j/t., 3o». p. {p. c7-?•»)..
(1) SHIKi, ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CiPtUUHX: o» (^) SiJbJ.XKfU: S (10) PUB.
XEAR: 1976
(It) ABSTRACT: Hazardo-Uo udottis coming under the i.ew vei^jon of the
Hai>te Disposal Law arufted ic,
Agency, Best Gerisany, are listed uccordAny to the type <~;i waste KI La
reference to origin, interlerxnij GUi)^taiic«,i, ana ^to^ec iioii. »di.tos
that ace listed uiclude: tannery wustes, meiaJiuryicai slag olid ii:-j:js,
siaeral sludge, nonteirout ta .i.iiTi<_js, galvanic sluciye, ^ults, acittt;,
leach, concentrate, uaste iron plant protection and p,t.t.iciie agetts,
waste from drug production, «nterosdl law, new vtcaion. Draii. (^iste der
sonderacfaelle iuer die rechtsveroranung uacti lats, ia abrg 11. L ,. ) Kay
12, 1976, 19 p.
(1) SfclRt. ACC.JiG.;
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CAXiHJuhK: uy (^) i.u^J.liiL: ti (10)
YEAH: I9?i>
(11) ABSTRACT: Mew Jersey *u ln;partmc"iit of Jir;va roauentai ProtfCtion
(DEP) is proposing a ievision o£ thu lilies regulating cheaical aad
hazardous wastes. They want to prohibit the disposal «£ riazardous
wastes at landfi-lls without special peraissiou froa toe Jepartinei) t. The
list of hazardous wastet. inciudet 1uU suostances that ai e higcly toxic
or corrosive, cause cancer, or are explosive. The DEP says taat the
list will be revised tros time to tiae as more intocaotion on cnesaicai.
wastes becones available. Anyone hiihing to dispose 01 these *asti.s in
a landfill »ust snow that taere are no alternative disposal tetnoas,
and that the potential upacts will be mniaized. Xue DKP has, delayed
until further notive a regulation requiring ail dispuisal racilitits
that take cheaical ot hazardous wastes to have a collection And.
treat nent systen for water tnat It-aKs out of tne landfills. Trie re.tson
for the delay is the lac* of locilitics in Ne» Jersey which can treat
and dispose of hazardous wastes.
(12) KEiaoRDS: CHEMICAL; COi,LtiCTlusi; tUKRuiluri; iJiSiAbE; jIoFOSAL;
EXPLOSIOM; dAZABDOUS; Nt* Jiirii>t)(; PuLLU'1'j.oN; a£GULATiOwi>; SAMITAFK
LAHDF1LL; TOXIC; TBEAXMEHT; WATth
(IS) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOSJU7i>6
(tb) DOC.C1T.: Hew Jersey propose;* cnanyt. in leyuiatLun^ ior
hazardous waste. Chencal Marketing Seporter, 20ai13) :7, ^b, Sept. 29,
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03574b
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKK; 09 (2) SUcJ.TJ^t: X (10) PUB.
Y.EAB1 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Onion Carbide Corporation has prepared a "Hazard
Information in Transportation" report in order to gain support, for its
GO
-------
LAWS
RJ-UU,\')0>:S
comprehensive hazardous materials transit plan. According to the
report, the plan replaces numbers w.i.th voids and syeools for the
identification of primary, secondary, and ttjriidiy risks of materials
in transit. The symbols would i>e in accora wi,ta upcoming international
hazard identification systems. The plan provides outlines for tae
revision oi container labels aud shipping documents, Hazards will be
identifiable without a m<*uuaL, but a manual will b SHIRS ACC.HO.: 0357H6
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2)
XSAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRiCf: In trying to solve the proules of ultimate disposal
oi spilled hazardous wastes, the necessity for environmentally safe and
practical disposal must be balanced against such inpedinents as
transportation avaiiaitility , costs, suitability of temporary storage
facilities, citizen reaction, and local, state, and federal
regulations, two alternatives fur disposal are on-site disposal or
utilization of existing facilities, ou-site disposal aay include land
disposal, chemical treatment, audl/or long-term storage. Existing
facilities include sunieipaj waste tacilities, coaaeccial treatat-nt and
disposal sites vuich deal with industrial wastes, aaa industrially
owned and operated facilities. The u&e of existing facilities is
preferable to on-site disposal if they are appropriate and available.
Advantages include guickfr disposal, since construction is unnecessary,
unlikely wppositi^n fxom the local inhabicants, and tne need only to
know what type o£ wastes can be disposed of by what seans and not how
to build tfce facilities. Even tfcougb it aj^ut l>e impossible at tiaies,
to maKe use us the moie IdVorable appioacn as far a1- long -term
onviroumental i»d.'.aras ate coiireiat'd, dn estimate ot alternatives and
their effects on the environment mil lead to more stable solutions.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDENT; UlbL-iOiihAPUJT ; c,y KKICSL ; .OlSPuSAL;
E»VIfiOHi«h'NT; FACILITY; UA?4hJiOUS; llLALTii; I H JiUbTR^ ; (lA«A«EBt»T;
PLAKSlStJ; S&FiTlT
(15) Sl'IflS ACw, NO.: UOSJ4?«1
(18) LiOC.CIT.: iindsey, A. » . Ultimate disposal of spulea
hazardous materials, cheiiical Engineering , t)2 (- i«e«t
tfd to tLt' ,,<"->in,. j'y
>jii» oi Ijua i,_;jca |.>^» j, at iijn will not ijr. .ti-j-ruVeJ by
at tut- Law ui tn« -.fa v o« •>.•!<.- u', fa unt. iuse i'icii nedi,aie,s at* too costly;
loth » v-'ju^mi^j iiy aua t> JJ.»', ^..^ail f . A ^ j/tanat iou jl OL jacuzat iou hitn
t w*i,'i tsilet, ,i \i* jO»«.-i.:. tu pU£jLA,.U al.a *il.lv!-^.(- Lf--j li Itl t ^ C as HOU-Ld Dti
r.ti.oU.'d« lat c».i« at iu'ia J. ,. tyui jt A^,JIL *, ild iiaiit tiit ipred.d pioble*. fletcury, itdd,
oit am, an- catiionucl iJus ctLe docau ala ting
:3cai.e. £ mission sources: ale touud almost
j ji. Covert igu sUit'.-s. 3uch soutcta
o£ uuii.in
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
tc a policy maket *ho is attempting to balance the risks and benefits.
Sole developing countries are claiming an intrinsic right to pollute in
crder to develop economically. A ruud to subsidize toe cost of
pollution control for developing nations Bight be favorable. The
(revisions agreed upon are weak but they will have some effect. Tney
Kill provide the basis for arbitration, the establishment of
trecedents, and increase the likelihood that stronger regulations Kill
develop.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTBOL; ECONOMICS; EHISSICS; ENVIRONMENT;
BAZABDOOS; INTEBSATIONAL; LAW; M2BCUBY; OCEAN; POLLUTION; BEGULAT10NS;
SHlf; TBANSPOfil; HATER; HATEBiAY
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS34686
(18) DOC.CIl.i Paterson, A. E. Ill, Marine pollution and the Law of
the Sea. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 31( 10) :49-50, Dec. 1975.
(1) SHXttS ACC.NO.; 033956
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBY: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYtE: T (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1975
(11) ABSTBAC2: This paper describes the role o± the State
Government in hazardous industrial sludge management in Minnesota. The
Cionesota Pollution Control Agency has the responsibility for
regulation of pollution in the State. An informal steering committee
composed of representatives or various State and local governmeatal
agencies and private industry was used to develop a working definition
cf hazardous wastes and to identify potential adainistrative
alternatives fcr implementation or a Metropolitan Hazardous Haste
Banaqement Program in the Twin Cities area. The decision model
developed for identifying hazardous wastes consisted of a series of
Questions tc which a yes answer Mould place the waste in one or two
categories of hazardous wastes. The work of the Committee laid the
rasis for the Minnesota Hazardous Haste Management Act of 1974, which
outlined the administrative framework and delegated sjjecific autaority
to various governmental levels for hazardous waste planning, and waste
identification, generation, transportation, and processing. Generators
cf hazardous wastes are to be licensed by local agencies, while State
agencies have responsibility xor regulating hazardous waste
transportation. (This document is retained in the SirflBS library. )
(12) KEYHOBCS: CLASSIFICATION; GENEBATICN; GOViKNMENT; MAiAit DCUS;
IMDUST&Y; LAW; IOCAL; MANAGEMENT; MINNESOTA; PLANNING; *>hO£LEHS;
REGULATIONS; SLUDGE; STATE; TRANSPOKT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS33000
(18) DOC.C11.: Kramer, L. D. , and t. P. Born. Minnesota's role in
hazardous industrial sludge management. In Proceedings; National
Conference on Management and Disposal of .Residues from the Treatment of
Industrial Haste waters, Washington, £. C. , Feb. 3-5, 1975. KockviJ.it,
Rarvland, Information Transfer, ij.c. p. 25-29.
(1) SNIfiS ACC.NO. : 035302
(2) UOHESTIC: D (2) CATtuOit*: 09 (2) SUBJ.XYPE: G (10) PUB.
IBiB: 1975
(11) ABS1BAC1: The Oepartaent of Environmental Quality (Uty) has
developed administrative regulations for hazardous waste management in
Creqon comprising criteria for classification of wastes as hazardous,
rasic requirements for hazardous waste management from the taint 01
waste generaticu to the point of ultimate disposition, and a list of
wastes classified as hazardous. The DEQ is working to establish a
statewide system for hazardous waste collection and disposal, with a
cumber of regicnal collection facilities and one or two hazardous waste
disposal sites. Such a program would ensure that hazardous waste
management practices will improve and that the prooleu or hazardous
waste disposal will not grow worse with the quietly expanding
technologies that generate them.
(12) KEYHOBDS: CLASSIFICATION; COLLECTION; DATA; DISPOSAL;
fcAZABDCUS; HEALTH; INDUSTitf; MANAGEMENT; OBEGON; PLANNING; ilEGOLAi'IONS;
iAffTY; STOfiAGE; TBANSPOUT
(15) STlflS ACC.NO.: OOS34347
(18) EOC.CI1.: Synak, M. , P. U. Wicks, and K. H. Spies.
Levelopnent of Oregon's hazardous waste program. Journal of the
Environmental Engineering Division—ASCE, 101 (3):301-30a, June 1975.
62
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Section 4
HEALTH AND SAFETY
(1) SlilBS ACC.tiO.: 0477aO
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEuOttX: 09 (/} SUiJj.TYPE: S; f
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Coucentiiation of enteroviruses from large
volumes of tap water, treated sewage, and seawater.
(4) AUTHOE: Gerta CP
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Appl Environ Micro
(10) LANGUAGE: tN (10) PU£. XEAR: t^7b
(11) ABSTRACT: An improved portable virus concentrdtor aau
reconcentrator procedure is described. Tnis systea offers many
advantages over previous aethods und can tie used in tne field to
monitor large volumes of secondarily treated sewage, tapwater, and
seawater for enteroviruses. Viruses in acidmed water (pH 3.5) with
aluainua chloride were adsorbed to a ten inch {ca. 25.4 cm) fiberglass
dieptn cartridge and a ten inch pleated epoxy fiberglass filter in a
series at flow rates of up to j?.b 1 (ten gaisj/sin. Adsorbed viruses
were then eluted from the filters with glycine burfer (pH 10.5 to
11.5), and the eluate was reconcentrated iiy using a combinatiou or
aluainun flocculation followed by hydroextraction. It was deaonstrated
that this method could detect surface solid associated viruses
originating from sewage treatment plants. So difference was found in
virus recovery between laboratory batch studies and a setup with acid
salt injections. The many advantages of this unified scheme for the
concentration of viruses include: hign operating flow rates; low weight
and saall size; effectiveness with a variety of waters with widely
varying qualities; ana filters with a nign resistance to clogging.
(12) KEYWORDS; ANALJS1S; COKCBNThATIOS; HAZARDOUS; BuJilTOR; SiJHAGE;
SKSTEM; VIRUS; HAl'EK
(It) HIERAhCH TEttHS: 1HC//AN; 1HM
(15) STIBS ACC.NU.: GOS40&34 (15) SECOKDARI AUTHORS: i'arrah SS;
Goyal S«
(16) CITATION: 35 (3) :5HO-i4o, Bar. Iy7b.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 045485
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: U9 (2) SOBJ.l'YPE: S
(3) ARTICLE T1TLK: jBxperiaental carcinogenesis of pyrolysis fuel
oil.
(4) AUTHOR: weil CS
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Aaer Indus Hygiene Assoc J
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (1u) PUB. lEAi: 1i«77
(11) ABSTRACT: Skin applications of two samples ot pyrolysis fuel
oil (residue froa ethylene naiiui acture from aydrocaroons) to aice were
•ade to test the catcinogenicity of tue material. Experimental mice
received three applications per week of cnemicai applied to shaved
sxiji, and observations were wade for papiiloaas and carcinomas for the
lifetiae of the mice. Control mice were painted with benzene or water.
Results were that two sawples of pyrolysis fuel oil residues produced
skin carcinomas in the aice. i>i»ilar remuts nave oeeu reported froa
other carbonaceous materials subjected to high temperatures and
pressures. Although these tests exposed mice to conditions different
froa those of working humans, their results should serve as warning of
a possibe health risk.
(12) KEKtfQRDS: FUEL; bAi,AKDuU;>; H£ALTH; HTDROCAhoUN; OIL; PATHOiihti;
PROCESS; PYROLYSIS; RESEARCH
(14) HIERARCH TERMb: 1HA/2HH; 1Kb
(15y STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS4U533 (15) SECONDARY AU'l'HUfcS: Condra HI
(1fa) CITATION: 3b (12) :730-73J, Dec. 1977.
63
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(!) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 045355
{2} DOMESTIC: D (2) CArEiiQRV: Oa (.2) Slih
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: bacterial and virai pathogens associated with
land application of organic wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: Elliott LF
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J Environ Quality
(10) LA8GDAGE: m (10) PUb. *EAh: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: There is a possibility that bacterial and viral
pathogens may be present in aniaal, and municipal, wastes. Caution
should be exercised when using these materials for crop production and
•these wastes should not be applied to root crops during the current
growing season, or to above-ground crops 1 nonth before harvest.
Aniaals should not be allowed to graze ureas lor 2 to 3 weeks eifter
waste application. Haste should be applied on the basis of crop
fertility requireaents based on optimum nutrient utilization, thereby
•ininizing pathogen-loading rates. Disease outbreaks have occurred when
crops grown on soils receiving raw sewage were eateii raw, or when an
area was grazed shortly alter waste application. So incidence of
disease has been reported fron land application of treated wastes.
Thus, treatment of municipal waste Before application is important, A
zero-tolerance for pathogens in wastes land-applied for crop growth
would seen unnecessary when proper aanageaent is used.
(12) KEYWORDS: AEROSOLS; BACTERIA; CROP; ISABTH; HAZARDOUS; LAND;
ORGAHIC; PATHOGEH; TREATMENT; UTILIZE; VIRUS
(It) HIEBABCH TERHS: 1HA/2HH; 1FC
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: QOS44402 ( U>) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Ellis JR
(16) CITATION: 6 (3) :245-2t>0, Jul-Sept. 1977.
(1) SK16S ACC-80.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; o* (2) SUbO .T*PE: S
(3) ARTICLE TlILii: Hutayenicity 01 waste products froai vinyl
chloride industries.
{4} AUTHQfi: Rannug 0
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J toxicology and Environmental Healtti
(10) LANGUAGE: hH (10) PUB. XEAK: 1*77
(11) ABSTRACT: A test on KDC-tar, a vinyl chloride Dy-product
possessing short chained chlorinated alipnaxic hyaroctircons, was used
to determine amtagenicity via the Anas ijaisionelld/siaaiiBalian microsoae
Method. Since tost of tne components in tne tdt are poorly soluble in
water, three agents were used as solvents or easulsiiier: ethanoi, I>MSO,
and Tween BO. The results wit/i ai.t these agents showeu tnat EDC-tar
contains direct as weil as indirect Butaaenic constitutents. It could
be concluded that the mutagenic etft-ci observed in the test could not
be due to one of the main components, ethylene dicfcloriae
(1,2— dichloroetfiane) . ThiL. sucstance £>howed a weaK sntagenic effect,
but only at higher concentrations than could be available in the
Highest concentration tests of tne tar. Although the siicrosomal system
enhanced the stutagenicity ootn of the EUC-tar and ot
1, 2— dichloroetnane, this ennaocentnt fcas dependent on NADt'H in the case
of EDC— tar but independent of SADf-H kith 1, ^-uichloroethane. The
Salaonella/raaaaalian aicrosoaie method seeas to ce a suitable tool for
both mutaijenicity screening oi complex chemical aixt.ures and
identification of mutagenic constituteiits in such aixtures.
(12) KKTrfOBDS: ANALXS1S; a If -PRO DUCT; CHEMICAL; ChLUftUE; HA2ARDOO:>;
INDUSTRY ; ORGABIC
(14} BIEflARCH 1'EKHS: 1CB//CA; 1ii^/2HH; UC/^Jlf
(t!.>) STlflS JCC.flO.: OOS43145 (15) SECO«DARV AUTHofiS; Kaioei C
£16) CITATION: 2 (5) : 101 V~1u2y , iy//.
(1) SfclKs ACC.SO.: 044072
(2) DOflESTIC: 1^ (2) CATilGUfci; O'J (2) SUoJ.fYi'h,: ii
(3) ARTICLE fl'j'LB: Mercury concen tratiois in soil, i^rass,
earthworks and small sa aim a Is iiear an industrial emission scarce.
(4) AUTHOR: Bull KB
(6J JOURNAL iJLi'Lh': Envi ronsienial Pollution
(10) i.A!k. il /.«!.': KN (10) PJB. XSA«: 1^*77
(11) AUi>fhACT: A &taJy, around a chloralxali worKs, uaach, ezaiBined
aercury concentrations in soi^s, gr«a^, earthtioris, moles anJ woodaice
is described. Atonic absorption sepctronetnc analysis o£ top-soils,
64
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HEALTH AND SAFETY
grass (Festuca rubra JU.) , earthworms (Luabricus terrestris L.), and
atmospheric fallout, within 0 to 5 fcm ana 10 to 30 ka of the works,
showed that aercury levels were significantly higher near the works.
Hood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus I.) and bank voles (Cletixrionoays
glareolus Schr.) collected near the works had significantly greater
concentrations of total aercury in brain, kidney, liver and hair than
control aniaals. Mercury concentrations in soils and tissues are
tablulated. Differences Between mercury concentrations in the aaaaals
are not as aarked as those for vegetation and soil. The half life
retention o± aercury by small animals is ; POPULATION; REGULATIONS; SAFETY;
STATE; STORAGE; TOXIC
(14) H1ERARCH TERHS: ICG; 1HA/2BH; 1MA/2BG; 1SB/2TB; 1SK/2TC;
1SB/2TD
(IS) STIKS ACC.NO.: OOSH3S14 (1b) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Rubin H;
Okrent D
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, National Science Foundation, Dec.
1976- 161 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO-:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOhY: 0* (2) SObJ.TXl'E; S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Klusaar. ft*
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Colorado School of Bines
(6) BOOR TITLE: Toxic Heavy Metdls in Ground hater of a Portion ot
the Front Range Hineral Beit. >'iuai Conpietion Report.
(8) NTIS NO.: Ptt 256 212 (8) RKPORT HO.: A-02.3-COLO
(9) GBANT 80.: 14-3 1-0001 -400t>/^00b
(10J LANGUAGE : tN (10) GKO. AHiA: 1US/VCO (10) PUb. IEAH: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: A study of toxic trace netal distribution in ground
waters of the Front Range mineral belt, Colorado and adjacent areas was
completed in order to determine the relationship ot water quality to
mineralization and the saynitudc of potential nealth efiecta. A total
65
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
of 149 samples were collected and analyzed fot arsenic, cadmium,
copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, silver, and zinc. Field
determinations of pa, Eh, and specific conductance were also made. The
trace element data exhibited a log normal distribution and are
described utilizing tae geometric mean and geometric deviation. Four
populations were recognized in the samples; 1) samples in the mineral
belt with plu»bing contamination, 2) samples in the mineral belt
without plunbing contamination, 3) samples outside the mineral belt
with plumbing contamination, and 4} samples outside the mineral belt
without plumbing coatanination. Differences iu tnese populations tor
several elements are observed utilizing the t test. Utilizing the
observed data distributions, geochemical abundance estimates are made
for the four recognized populations. Ground waters in the mineral belt
are estimated to exceed the U.S. Public Health Service limit in t4
percent of the samples ±o Cd, 1 percent for Cu, 51 percent lor J?e, 74
percent for Hn, 2 percent for Hg, and 9 percent for 2n. (retained in
SW1BS library).
(12) KEYWORDSl COLORADO; GROUND HATER; HEALTU; HEIAL; TOXIC
(14) HIBHARCH TERNS: 1GD; 1HA/2HH; 1HB; 1HE/2BB; 1TD
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: 00343099 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Kdwards KW
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U. b. Department ot the Interior,
June 1976. 61 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 044036
(2) DOflESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ-TYPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Sledovani vyvoje radieak.tivity vody v tocich a
jeho modnoceni. (investigation of radioactivity development in water).
(4) AUTHOR: Jaroslav R
(6) JOUHHAL TITLE: Vodni Hospodarstvi
(10) LAHGDAGfi: CZ (10) 6EO. AREA: 1EU/2CZ (10) FOB. IBAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: This article outlines the trend of water
radioactivity studies in Czechoslovakia and the analysis of the concept
of these studies to meet the requirements of uranium mining effluent
treatment. Practical experience in evaluating the permissinle .levels of
radioactive contamination shows taat the effect on public health need
not be decisive in the presence of other aspects. The presented
priniciple of complex evaluations is also cased on new governmental
decree Mo. 25/75 lb., on peraissible water pollution. Two tables, 2
maps, and bibliography are included. (Origninal text in
Czechoslovakia^ .
(12) KEYWORDS: CZECHOSLOVAKIA; HEALTH; PUBLIC; RADIOACTIVE; HATER
(t«») HIEhASCH TERMS: 1HA/2HH; lit*
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OCS43079
(16) CITATIOS: 26 (4):107-111, Is7fa.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 043173
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ .fYPi;: G
(3) ARTICLE IITLfc: Progress on radioactive waste disposal should
ease public anxiety.
(6) JOURNAL TlTLiU Nuclear Engineering International
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GEO. AREA: 1KU/26E; 1KU/2UK; 10S (10)
PUB. TEAR: 1976
(11} ABSTRACT: A report on the international symposium of the
Management of Hastes iron the LWR Fuei Cycle held IB Denver in July
1976 concludes that progress on radioactive waste disposal should ease
public anxiety. The meeting attracted 600 participants from tae U.S.
and other countries. It was announced that the U.S. budget allocation
for solution to tne problem would be increased from $4 million in 1976
to over $40 million in 1977. Staitments of national policy were made
by the United Kingdom (which detendea the "go slow" policy); and the
Federal Republic of Germany (which explained the concept of a Fuel
Reprocessing Centre capable or handling 1,500 tons LHR fuel per year
located over a salt done so that most of the waste could be disposed of
on the spot) . Tae sestiions leit the impression that techniques of waste
management have been developed to a point at which, if applied
66
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HEALTH AND SAFETY
vigorously, would result in risk to tne public substantially smaller
than that fro* accidents to tne reactors which produce then. They are
infinitesinally life.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIU2WT; COLORADO; CONFEBEHCE; DENVER; DISPOSAL;
GERMAMT; GREAT BRITAI*; bAZARUOUS; IM'ERNATIOJUAL; MANAGEMENT;
HADIOACT1VE; SAFETY; OS
(14) HIEBABCH TERMS: 1HA/2UI'; 1Kb
(15) STIUS ACC.NO.: OOS42221
(16) CITATION: 21 (247): 16, Ally. 1*76.
(1) SWIRS ACC.HO.: 042943
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOtti: 0» U) SUtsJ.l'XPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Hazardous waste aauageijent control requires
laws, records, eguipnent...and education.
(6) JOUBtiAL TITLE: Solid haste Systens
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) G£0. AREA: 1US/2CA (10) PUB. TEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Several accidents due to inadequate Hazardous waste
•anagement are described and the iceLnods and e^uipaent u^ed in
California to control and monitor hazardous waste collection,
transport, and disposal are detailed. The Resource conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976 requires the use oi a oanifeut systea to ensure
tbat all hazardous wastes are designated lor treatment, storage, or
disposal at a faciltiy authorized to accept such wastes. California^
•anifest is depicted. Data entered Bust include: the complete address
of the waste producer, tae nauier, ana the processor or disposer; waste
type; and nethod of treataeut or disposal. A veil equipped laboratory
is laudatory for identification oi Hazardous wastes ana tneir safe
•anageaent at the disposal site. Typical case histories of accidents
resulting from Mixing incompatible wastes are summarized. Field
equipment to collect representative samples and to provide rough
screening or those saspies is also required. The California Department
or Health has developed mobile laboratories so that waste samples can
be safely screened for hazardous properties itnediately alter
collection.
(1.4 KfiYHOKDS: ACCIDENT; CALifOKNiA; COHTfiOL; DISPOSAL; EOU1PBENT;
FACILITY; HAZARDOUS; iJi&OKATOBI; i.Ah; HAHAGEHENT; MONITOR; SAMPLING
METHODS; Si'ORAGE; I'fiAUSfOHt; 1'REATMENT
(14) UIERARCU TEHMS: 1HA; 1UB; ILn
(15) STIMS ACC.SO.: OOS419dt>
(16) CITATION: 6(3):6-10, May/June 1*77.
(1) SKIRS ACC.NO.: 042395
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOhS: 0* (2) SUuJ.lYPE: i; I
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Concepts in health evaluation of comnercial and
industrial chemicals.
(4) AUTHuh: ncNaaara BP
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Meblaan, H. A., B. E. Shapiro, and H.
Bluaenthal, eds. New Concepts in Saxety Evaluation.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. YEAB: it*76
(11) ABSTRACT: loxicity evaluation of coanercial and industrial
cheaicals and tne effects (snort tera or lougtera) of these on huaaus
are discussed. Chenicals considered include food additives, drugs,
cosietics, agricultural cheaica^s, household cnesicals, and industrial
caeaicalE. A brief history of tne laws pertinent to cheaicals control
and huvan exposure is cited and include legislation such as toe federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Consuser Product Sarety Act, the
Occupational Safety and Health Act, and tne Toxic Substance Control
Act. Technical information on chemicals testing a^ relates to snort
tern ana longter* effects is provided, ana data specific to Daman
reproduction and carcinogenic.*.ty and chenicals exrosure are stressed.
(12) *E*HORDS: ANALYSIS; ChEfllCAL; C03MEKC1AL; DISEASE; EFFECT;
EXPOSURE; HEALTH; HUMAN; INDUSTRY; LAK; SAFEIX; TOXIC
(14) hlEhARCH TERMS: ICb; 1BA/2BK; 1Kb; 11C/2IY
(IS) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41436
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, Ueaisphere Publishing Corporation,
1976. p.61-140.
67
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Sut,J ,'J'ltt, : :5
fiJl/iriii; 1r,.s
(1u) i-Ub.
ACC.SU.: 0
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) lAlf^uhl: 0'-* {/)
(H) AUTHuK: Fashbein I. -; 10} i.iio, &&IA;
YEAR; l<*?b
ttt) ABSTRACT: fuaivjdiits and t.fieit ot-jradation products in
foodstuffs and soil a L^ e,i,a ai M^I; to ovtvr.ii;ie tne pott-u tiai
mutageiiicity ol their residues. TUP iuii^anti. priijarijy u.cjuue
ethylene diuronae, t,2~dit;tG,»o- .4 ca loropropd ue, etayleue oxide,
symdiDruiotetrachioroet h „ * u*i -jcuits an.- Urfliueu an gaseous
pesticides tnat are wxdeiy tjsvd tot tne tuntroi CH insects, «.it«es,
nenatcxles, Kirewotias, rodents, i-ucteiia, /easts, d.na aolus. twenty
used iuiaijuats are iisted, including a
seven o± the most coanonly
nuBber ot a^Xylatin^, cat ciiio-jen AC, an.)
carcinoyens L; tXPOj
tiSALIrt; HUMAN; P^STiLlfli;; KfcSiJU*; ^AKi.Vi; V'jX^w
(14) HIiifiARCH 1'EnHa: li'L
(15) STIKS ALC.KU.: uosuo^yj
(tb) DOC.Clf.; Fishtit-xn, L, tottii t ial (latuUs
EnviroiiMeutal Health Peiii^et t k vi-.-3, m:Jy-4^>, Apr.
d>jeiit£>; potential
s iiu j.uencinij t&e
t aua its Uegraaatioii
at well da
nay reacu
are detaiji
K ^.; FOOD;
thexr
nuajins via
residues.
(1) ShlRi> ACC.NO.: 0«»13JU
(2) OOHESTIC: D (2) CATEoO
AitiEA: lAt; 1VK (10) PL^. itAK:
(11) ABSTKACf: I'ht> ui:t; ot i>y
flealta hazard to tttti innat i. (auf-
conducted to evdiuate the hazou
orgauopuosphate residues. Puiaie
organophosphates iJitrixiuced into
subsesjueut etferts on worke; s wtto
course of i,orsal work ac
effects ot exposure to „
It wa-- detvrB inc-vl
ad aetuuayl use
es provided ude^uutc
crops, Ine telcjt ioiishjp ^etn
tology «as at.i;ea;«?u. It
movement ot yuttiion iron
field sampling ana residue a
ot lannate, phosurin, an^. guthjon
results ot these
.TI fi. :
(10) Gi.0.
Kut tst
or. lettu
utc ,.. tu t
icui tura :. cooaiicalh. is oi:;cussi>J as a
of iLrai areas. A jtojert «us
to i^ri not \eis~ expose.'! to
em govern AUVJ the reaatioiisnip between
ttiu ayr icuit uiai euvirouaeiit ana their
en in red thai t-nvi roument in the
wt>ro ,j t>ct-rt a iiitd . t'hjsi'jioyic'ai
t- rv;jtici(!c>;i wt>rt' e-x^miiit-d
h^i. pr.jiiaf»t'i-it intetvais- ior
:.j iietiiyj. jaratniou use nn
ce u
L-ctji
uttii
tn,ii
:; i!i
:; M
to
tt-d
ior
that t
v< siie o 1 1 .,
c i- cairieJ
i .v Hat vi>:;t in ., the
a ;/p iicatiori aua
cid not, ajpeat to
i>e
on the duplication
PKUStflA'i'";
VEGEIATION
(14) HIE8ARCH TERKi>: IHb
(13) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS4UJ?i»
(to) UOC.Cir.: r-fiects ol the
health or inhabitants ot tuiaj <:o
University ot Julif oruiu ot i-avis
.1 -jt ic ui tut a 1 products. "!ne
(Kftuintd ii. i>*lht'
,-!,^; >-'ti fc.llv, AL ; LiJ-'i,t_
SilUyr.; HUfiAL; J'R AN^Poh I1;
Ub>- ot dgr icu^tur ul ctieaiicais on the
aur;ities. i ii -iumsary Report 1^75.
(1)
(2) JU«EST1< : - U) -A i'i; ouitJ: U.. (?) UULJ . ^ if Pi, : i>
(4) AOi'KOK: Uh,it>t! L'i (1o) '.i-u. LHLR: f...; liiL (Ili) J-bis. IfcAh;
(tlj AbJTHACT: Thi' ose La i^^its. ni^i di^rj •-. ^ u .>.. ot «tiatoj;ii) bl in
Rhesus aonxeyii are xnve~ tiy utt-u . The otjtctwii ut tne investiga'tipn was
to examine tne a itri id i n i«=-s i>et tit i-n io;.i respo,"i;ie^, in v^v.^ ai.^stji «;ata «>.!.«• u.c --a to t.sti»a'te husnn
Hpt ibility lv jl lvit»/xiv:L.t>ii> v»uj tu o«v* it-.- v.* i.y .it-.-tic i!t thoJs for
r, exposure to dliato»i»; ui. ri .T , <. . j ., ,->ay tcv:i,.- •>.'.• «(<;••• v-.-»tioppa
fur aeterBiiiinij stonoo^y -jfiiaL.e u- tj. i ^t_. . ,. liver i.i.o^._- •-•>-«• A!-,.-;.:;. *
S Were hOZuljelliiie-U J-n J^lit'lta ;.nilLt , aha v.I*«.JuXi.. Uj. W». i>
68
-------
located by fluorescence and scraped mto vials tor scintillation
counting. There were remarkaole similarities IB the metabolic patterns
aac! relative activities o^tween husiin and aau«.ej livers. One week after
exposure to a single 0. 4 milligram per iilojras dose of aflatoxia Bl,
monkey livers shotted severe centnlobuldr necrosit. and mild diffuse
fatty change. Some parenchyma 1 celli. showed daaage to tne endoplastic
reticulum, spelling oi the mitochondria, and proliferation of Kupffer
cells. Six aonths after exposure, livers; appeared to return to normal.
The «utag«nic activity of various oliss ot aflatoxin Bi. In Suaaary
Heport 1975. University of California at Davis, 197i>. p. 41-44.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 0413^7
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOhi: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPi,: S llO) GtO.
ABBA: 1ED; 1PB (tO) PUU. lEAh: l<*Tj
(11) ABSTFACT: Infor»atioa is provided on tne etfect. ot pesticides
and other industrial toxicants in the euviro,<»eat. Studies are reported
on the environmental impact ot chlorinated hydro cannons. These studies
are concerned irita an analytical methodology for chlorinated
hydrocarbons that eaphasizesi toxaphece ana chiordant, comparative
detoxication of pesticides, bioloyicai etlects of chlorinated
hydrocartx>ns on birds and rodents, ana cheieicoDioloolisB of
chlorinated hydrocarbons is explored. A study on the uptake and
excretion ot hexachlorobpnzfene by qiuniuy l<±«os is rerorted. The
competitive inhibition of nitoisasine fornation is examined. (Retained
in 3«IBS library)
(12) KEYMOfiDS: ANALYSIS; CHLOKINE; DATA; r!FjPECT; tMVlKONMfiNT;
HlfDHOCAHbOII; IHDUSTBY; 7« KESTIGAT10K ; PESTICIDE; TUX 1C
(14) BIERABCM TERMS: IHb
(15) STIH5 ACC.hO.: OUS403/1
(18) UOC.CIT.: Pesticides airj other industrial to^icauts in the
environment. ID Sumadi-y ftepoi t iv?'>. university of California at Davis,
197S. p. 1-58.
(1) 5B1HS ACC.SO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATtuUKJ: U» {2'j, i.l>i,J .TitE : G (10) GEO.
ABSA: 10S/2llTf/3lil (10) PUi). YEAfc: 19/7
(11) ABSTRACT: in Sia^aia Falls, Mew lorK, an elementary school, a
baseball diamoad, and t>0 new uuaes uio bitting on or adjoin a tield
that is leaking toxic chemicals, the hooker Chemical and Plastics
Corporation has previously used the field as a dump for chemical
residues and had then donated it to the city school board. The board
dumped topsoil on the area ana built an eieaentary school, ror several
years there were no problems. Then residents noticed lawns turning red,
red seepage in their basements, dncl their children ca«e wuine witu
burned feet after pj ayic^ footiidlJ. baapies r,o» <* txSKeax-^iii. suaif pump
were analyzed contained 40 percanc chin, i.oatert ayt'rocarlKiiis.
dccoanteJ for the majojity of the .fi I i --ally Ji.'.claized
responsibility for injuraos lesujticj riou chemicals in tue soil ana
had even cautionel against rutn»j a i-dc«?*t-n t in the school.
(U) KEYWOEOS: CHtHICAL; ;-ii i.L'Ki (i t; UI. Fui.AL ; HA,iAriL'OUS;
HSCEOCABB01I; IHOOSTPt; I.A8D; 80»* IC1 PAi I i'V ; UK* IfUBK ;
BESPOBSIfciLJ IX ; £;JXI,,; Vi.',..-{A r*. fe
SflBS ACC'.IKC.
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: utu/oi
(2) DOMESTIC: t 12] CATBG08I: 09 (2) SUBJ.TTPE: S; T
(4) AOTHOB: Heiderianns G (10) PUb. IEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Extensive measurements of the concentration of
asbestos dusts, carried out at working places in the friction Ixning
industry and in car factories, led to the result that in the •echanical
processing of brake lining, the values obtained for fine chrysotile
dust are not permissible any more, it is a fact that during the removal
by blowing of abrasion dust from brake drum lining containing asbestos,
high dust concentrations occurred, but there was practically no
chrysotile asbestos in this dust. The transformation of asbestos which
obviously occurred here, was confirmed by laboratory experiments.
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; ASBESTOS; AUToaOBILE; DOST; EUROPE; GERMANY;
INDUSTRl; LABORATORI; LINER; HEASUBEBENTS; MINERAL; OCCUPATION;
PASTICULATE HATTER; PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; QUALITY
(14) HIERARCH TEKHS: 1AC/2AJ
(IS) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS39B25 (Ib) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Koehneft G;
Schoetz A
(18) DOC.CIT-: Held er ma mis, G. , G. Koehnen, and A. Schoetz.. Dust
concentrations in fabrication of friction coating containing asbestos
and their handling in car repair shops. Staub Reinhaltung der Luft,
35(12):133-436, Dec. 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040663
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORJ: 09 (2) SUBJ.T1PE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Laaksovirta K (10) GtO. AREA: 1fiU/2FN (10) PUB.
IBAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The lead contents ot lichen (Hypogymnia physodes)
and its substrate (bark of tiuus sylvestris) were studied along a busy
four lane highway on the coast of southern Finland. The lead
determinations of the samples were performed by au isotope/excited xray
fluorescence analysis. The decrease 111 the lead content of the lichens
was statistically significant between 20 and 100 m from the road, but
not between 100 and 200 m. There appeared to be no correlation between
the lead content of licnens and traliic density. The lead content of
bark changed significantly ooth between the distances of 20 and 100 m
and 100 and 200 m, and correlated highly significantly with the traffic
density. In this study pine bark was a setter indicator than lichens of
lead emission from motor vehicles. This could be caused by effective
lead accumulation in licneus even where there was moderate traffic
flow.
(12) KEYWORDS: AGBICULTOBB; ALGAtf; ANALYSIS; AUIOBOUILE; biilK;
CROP; BHISSIGN; FONGOS; HIGHWAY; METAL; NON-FERROJS; PHOSPHORUS;
POLLUTIOK; RBSIDOE; SAMPLING HEl'BUDb; SCANDINAVIA; SOLfUfi; VEGEI'AIION
(14) UIERABCa TEBHS: 1AC/2AE
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS39707 (15) SECONDARY AOTHOHS: AlakUljala
P; Olkkonen H
(18) OOC.C1T.: Laaksovirta, K. , d. Oikkonea. and P. Alakuijala.
Observations on the lead content of lichen and oark adjacent to a
highway in southern Finland. Environmental Pollution, 11 (4) :247-2b5,
Dec. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040533
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TTPE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Hood JH (10) GEO. AHEA: 1A1/2JA (10) PUB. If EAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: In 1956, a mysterious epidemic spread in ilinmata, a
small fishing village in Japan. This illness was characterized by
sensory as well as motor disturbances of the central nervous system. It
especially struck families of fishermen wttose food is essentially based
on products from the sea. Research was immediately undertaken to
discover the origin of this sickness, soon alter, a factory
manufacturing acetaldehyde was suspected of ejecting effluents
contaning organic mercury. Its responsibility was objectively
established after a long judiciary battle. Alter setting up a treatment
70
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HEALTH AND SAFETY
facility in 1960, the poisonings stopped. But there nere 121 cases of
the illness, 22 congenital and b4 fatal. (Text in French)
(12) KEYWORDS: CHW11CAL; DlbCttiuGE; EFFECT; ESV1BONMENT;
EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOOD; HEALTH; HUHiM; INDUSTRY; JAPAM; MERCURY; METAL;
OCEAN; POLLUTION; KfiSPOHSlBILlTv; TOXIC
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: U'D; 1WA/2KG
(IS) STIMS ACC.NO.: OGSjyt>7V
(1b) DOC.Cir.: Wood, J. a. Les setaux toxiques dans
1'environnement. (Toxic metals in the environment. ) La Recnerche,
7(701:711-720, Sept. 1976.
(1) SHIfiS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATE&OflY; 09 (2) SUBO.riPE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Goldstein E (10) GtO. ARKA: 1AC/2AE (10) PUB. JEAK:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hetnods used to assess diriereat aicrobial defense
parameters, their sensitivity in detecting abnormality, the importance
of the abnormality as regaras susceptibility to infection, and the
extent to waich the aethod nas been applied in toxicology are
discussed. Because the above studies can be performed with any inhaled
contaminant, the hazard ot presently unstudied agents such as
pesticides, metallic vapors, and nydrocaruon containing industrial
effluents is assessable by vhe methods indicated in the test. The
development and use ot aniaal snodels that aiaic hunan diseases should
significantly enhance our ability to assess the hazard frou exposure to
•anaade airborne contuninants.
(12) KEYWORDS: Alh; BIOLOiilCAL; CȣM1CAL; CON'i'AHlNATE; EFFECT;
EFFLUENT; GASSES; POLLUTION; KESEAECH; TOXIC
(14) aiEhAttCH TEKHS: 1HF
(1i) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS.i929B (15) SECOSDASlf AOiHORS: Jordan GW;
HacKenzie Hh
(18) DOC.C1T.: Goldstein, t. , t.. h. Jordan, and fl. «. BacKenzie.
Methods for evaluating the toxicologicai eftwcts of gaseous and
particulate contaminants on pulmonary microbial defense systems. Annual
Review ol Pharmacology and Toxicology, 16, 4M7-463,
(1) SHIRS ACC.rtO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAl'i.GOi<*: 0s (<:) SUbJ.l'il'E: i> (1u) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABS'X'BACT: EfflueLti. trom seKcige treatment plants were tested
for the presence of Salmonella, d type ot bacteria pathogenic to
humana. Although xhe treatment plants dischacgea xastt- water that
conformed to regulations on aaounts ol oxidizable Batver .anu suspended
solids. Salmonella wat; louna in erriutnts from the 06 purification
plants studied, it fcaK snown that the bacterial population is not
totally uestroyeu cy thf j-riaary ana i>econary process actually meant to
insure sewage purification, even when the plants discharge to the
receiving waters an effluent viiica conforms to th« regulations relating
to purification oi. oxidizable and settluDJie siattei. A correlation as
found between high levels ol Saimoiit-lia ana high levels ol iecal
colilorrBo., h/iich can l/e u£>eu us an indicator lor salmonella
contaaitttttion. More studies ait1 uwedtu on the potential hazards to
human health of the presence ol Salmonella in seuage ^lant ufllueiits. A
modification in current, types ol priiury and t;ecoi,ary se«agt treataent
processes aay be needed. (Ttixt in Kiunch)
(12) KEYWORDS: ACTI/AXEb SLUDGE; jAClr.it IA; cOLIf'OUft; iiA'i'A;
BFFLUEHT; EUROPE; FRAJ»CL; Haylett, K. , i. S^negre, ana t. L'aapat. ^ysteaes
d'epuration biolo^igut? et sulaoneiia. (BiolOyical purification systems
and Salaonella. ) recnni^ue^ ot sciences I'lunicipaies, 71 (7) :J39-J42,
July 197o.
71
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(t) SWISS ACC.SO.: 0396 f>d
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOfcY: (10) POB.
YEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: In the frasie of tne "walcheren-project" in which the
epidemiology of salsionellosis is studied in a certain area, effluent
from sewage treatment plants, wastepipes of cutcher shops aud surface
waters, which receive the erf-iuent were studied for the presence of
salnonellae. Pros. 1oG Sdepj.es or efiluent 150 (y4 percent) contained
saltnoneliae. Tne aost cession serotype was S. typhi murium (35 percent)
followed by 5. panada and S. inrantiE. fourteen butcher shop t.astepipes
were saapled 54 times: 1t (26 percent) tines sainonellae were found,
but only twice was the type isolated iroai the butcher shop the sale as
found in tne efilueut on the same day. With regard to tae presence of
salBonellae in surrace wateis receiving eifiuent it was shown that iron
the imieaiate vicinity of the plant to 25(1 aeters downstreaai from tne
site of draiaage of eifluent tne iiuact-r of saiaoneliae per TOO
•illiters reiains almost constant. Arter 1. 5 to 4 kilometers,
salmonella could not -Le isolated iroir awy or the sawpj.es examined. The
results underline the hypothesis that saimoiieliae multiply in the
sewage systea and/or plant. The spread of salmoneilae by efiluesnt seems
to Ce liiited to the plant itself ami the nearest vicinity. Proposals
are brought forward to interupt contamination cycles uy deconteiaination
aeasures.
EFPLUENX; EPIDEHlOLOGJl; hA2aRi)UUi; BiiASUKilKiSNl'S; MICKuBlULOGi ;
8EIHEHLANDS; t'OLLOTlON; 5 ALMOilELLA; 5i;KAGE; Sl.AOGtll'EBaOU^K; WASTE WATER
(15) iXIBS ACC.NO.: OOS3B70^
(1d) DOC.C1T-: Kaaipelmacner , E. k. , and L. M. van tioorle Jansen.
Salmonella in effluent iroin se»cic,e treatment plants, wascepipe of
butcher's shops and surface xater in waichereii. Zentralblatt fuer
Bacteriologic, Parasitenkunde, InlektioasKrankheitei», «\nd Hygiene
162(3-4) -.307-319, July 1976.
(t) ShiRJj ACL .HO.: 03*372
(2j DOflESTIC: D (2) CAl'EfaOfax: 01J (^) SObJ.TYl'E: S (10) PUB.
SEAR! 1976
(11) AiJSTKACI': uryanophosphate toxicit-y results trom
anticBoiiuesterase activity at the neuromuscuiar junction ana tne
central esolijiergic synapse. This activity is accoapanied by changes in
the electroencphniograffl coni.istiny 01 dcsynchroiiization and increased
fast activity (beta) dt lower doses anu spike wave discharges at niyher
levels. «api.d treatment of exposure with an anticholiuergic coapound
(atropiiie) «nd a ciioliiiecterase activator are usually effective. h£(i
(eiectrOfcncopfialO'jrapaac) activity has studied lij exptrifflental fihesus
noaiceys «ad in industrial workers with histories of expo&are to
organophospnates . EiiG activity increased through Delta, i'ueta. Alpha
and Beta naves measured during periods of waning, dropsy, sleep,
hyper ventilation and postohyperventiiation.
(12) KE?HOZ . in tiaroi,, R. L. , ea .
Proceedings; the Pe-it-i-Cide Induced Dviia/ea Neurotoxicity Conference
Proceedinys, mdsnj.ni, tori, DC, 1'ec. 19-2U, 1976. Environasental Protection
Publication i.PA-bOO/1~7o-023. Kesoatcn friaugle Pars, HC , 'J . S.
Environmental Protection Agency, July 1i»7o. p. 102- 11>/, (iinvironmental
Health Lifects tse^earch Series. )
(1) ShlRb ACC.SO.: OJ9371
(2) DOHESTlC; D (2) CAlEGOnY: Ui> (2) LOLO ,'i'li E: S (10) PUb.
(11) AbSTKACT: A detcrij. tion of tne neuropathulogy of delayed
neurotoxici ty due to organoptu/sphates is yiven. Cueaical and
physiological descriptions or synptoautic ai.«ornia iities are providea
72
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HEALTH AND SAFETY
along with histologicdl phot-oaicrographs of degenerative lesions
evidenced in the funiculus of the hen. Methods of sampling and
examining experimental hens are provided.
(12) KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL; EFFECT; HEALTH; PESTICIDis;
PHOSPdAl'E; PHYSIOLOGICAL; POULTKY; R&SEAKCH; SAKPLING METHODS;
TKCHKOLOG* ; TOXIC
(IS) STIJ1S ACC.MO.; OOS38415
(18) OOC.Clt.: brad ley, ». A. The pathology ot delayed
aeurotoxicity due to organopnosphdtes. IE Baron, &. L. , ed.
Proceedings; the Pesticide Induced belayed Neurotoxicity Conference
Proceedings, Washington, DC, Feb. 19-20, I97t> Eavironient.il Protection
Publication EPA-6UO/1-76-02b. ftesearcn Triangie Park., NC, U. S.
Environmeutal Protection Agency, July 197o. p. 64-102. (Environmental
Health Effects Research Series. )
(1) ShlfiS ACC.NO.: 0392JV
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TXPE: S (10) PUB.
I£ABl 1975
(It) ABSl'RACl': lawny owls (Strix aluco) and Barn owls (Tyto alba)
tilled by traffic have been coiiecteu througuout Great Britain as part
of a pollution monitoring program. Specimens suitable for aonitonng
purposes have be«n analysed for total mercury residue by a fldteless
atorcic absorption technique. The neaii total mercury residue in the
pectoral auscle of the Tawny owl and aatn owl tras 0 . 25 plus or BIRDS
0. 02 and 0. 18 piui> or Binus 0. 02 PJJB respectively. A constant
relationship was found bettfteii the aercury residues in tne petoral
•uscle, JLiver, heart, kiauey ana braiu of specimens. The results are
discussed in relation to the published results of experimental reeding
studies and surveys of aercury residues in wixdlne. i'he study
indicates that the use of atrcurial seed dressings in Britain has not
led to significant contciminatioa of the Tawny onl and Barn owl. Turee
figures and four tables are presenter showing the geographical
distribution of tae 102 Tarfijy owl and 87 flarn Owl specimens analyzed,
and nercury residues in the tissues stuuied .
(12) KEYHOJiUS: ANIBAi; COMTAKlNa f£; KMVlKONaEST ; GREAT BB1JAIN;
HAZARDOUS; KEhCUKX; BONITuK; JiOji-tiiljRuU S; POLLUTION; PRuGRAK
(15) Sl'IBS ACC.NO.: OUS3B2d1
<1b) DOC.CIT.: Stanley, P. I. , aim t3. a. Elliott. An assessaeat
cased on residues iii owls of environaetdl coutaaina tion arising fro*
tne use of nercury compounds in Erii-ish ayriculture. Agro-Ecosyste«s,
2(3^:223-^34, 1975.
(tj SM1R5 ACC.NO.:
(2) DOHiiSriC: F |2j CATEbOKY: Oy (2} SObJ.XXPE: S; T (10) PUb.
XEAR: 1975
(11) AfiSTKACT : I'hfc interrelation or «any chronic diseases,
particularly cancer, to environmental pollutants is discussed. The
exponential increases in exposure 01 the general population to
currently used and new synthetic cheeicals, and tbeir degradation
products in air, water and soil, are inadequately characterized
toxicologicaily and ecologically. Considerations are given to
relatively uncontrolled occu^u tional exposure to a wide range ot Known
ctienical carcinogens, in admtion to tfie xact tnat thousanas of other
pollutants are toxicoiogicaily unchdracterizea or inadequately
characterized. In addition to scieatii.ic considerations, critical
deficiencies in legislative anil regulatory approaches to environmental
pollutants, includiug conflicts ot interest la trie generation and
evaluation of Jala, restrictions on cpesi access to data, and lack of
^aalitieu represtntatioa of a wide range of concerned viewpoints aod
interest in decision aaKing piocei-scs are cited.
(12) HESTiIi^BI01.0i»Z ; HfiALI'd; OCcO^Al'IOS ; POLLUTION; SIMTHi-TIC;
TOXIC
(1b) STIKS ACC.NO.: i'OSj^bOb*
(IB) DOC.Cir.: tpstein, S. i«. Asscssnent oi the iufiU^ncc^ ot
envir onaentax poilutauts on cancel and other chronic diseases. In
Proceedings; intcinationdi i,yuposiua on the ttfcent Advances in the
Assessment of the Ht>a^.tti Kffeets of tcvironieataj Pollution, Paris,
June 24-28, 1974. v. 4. LuXfcj'Douri;, , Coa»issiou ot tne European
Coaaunities, 197b. p. 2:u>7-23tU..
73
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 038151
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGOhY: 09 U) SUBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: 1'his textbook, designed for courses in toxicology,
can also serve as a source of concepts and aoaes of thought for those
concerned with comunity health, agriculture, food technology,
pharmacy, veterinary medicine, solid waste and related fields. For
persons further removed from the field ft toxicology, the book presents
a selectively representative view of the aiany facets of the subject.
This text is organized to facilitate its use toy tnese different types
of users. The elements of aethod and approach that identify toe science
are described. Included are those principles aost frequently invoked in
a full understanding of toxicologic events;, such as dose response, and
is primarily mechanistically oriented. Also discussed is the systemic
site of action of toxins. Answers to two questions are provided ; what
kinds of injury are produced in syecmc organs or systems J>y toxic
agents and vhat are the agents that ptoduce these effects? Toxic agents
are grouped by chemical or use characteristics ana an atteapt has been
•ade to illustrte the ratifications of toxicology into all areas of the
health sciences.
(12) KEYWORDS: Alii; CdEWICAL; INOKGAN1C; UEGAMIC; PESTICIDE;
PLASTIC; TOXIC
(15) STIKS ACC.NO.: OOS3719O
(10) DOC.C1T.; Casarett, L. J. , and J. Doull, eds. Toxicology: the
basic science of poisons. New York, fiacmillan Publishing Co. , Inc. ,
1975- 758 p.
O) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037878
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOhl: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; T [10) PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The risk of fires in dust collection systems; of
baghouses is explored. Particulate emissions iron industrial processes
including baghouses often contain comcustible materials. Fire
prevention and protection depend on three factors: (1) reducing causes
of combustion; (2) detecting the fire; (3) extinguishing the fire.
Methods noraally used to reduce causes of combustion involve lowering
the conbustible content of a system and minimizing the possibility of
introducing sparks. The coabustion tendency of a dust control system
can be reduced by decreasing the aaount of unoxidized or partially
oxidized material that enters the baghouse. Preventing sparks nay be
accomplished by the following techniques: reduce gas stream velocities
at ductwork pickup point, install screens in exhaust hoods over
equipment, and install a spark arrester, beat and light detection
methods can be used to spot fires in baghouses. In heat detection
systens, thermocouples strategically placed throughout the baghouse
serve as detectors. Light detection systems sense the light radiated
from a flaite. the reaoval of fuel, oxygen, and heat, which are required
to sustain combustion, will extinguish a fire. However, because it is
essentially impossible to remove fuel or dust laden bags from
baghouses, fire extinguishing methods are limited to those that, smother
or cool bags. The most sispie fire extinguishing aethod is to isolate
the baghouse system by closing dampers, shutting off the fan, and
allowing the blaze to consume available oxygen. Other extinguishing
methods involve water spray extinguishing systens, high pressure carbon
dioxide systeiss, and dry chemical injection systems.
(12) KEYWORDS: COLLECTION; COaBOSfliiLE; COMPOSITION; DUST;
EHISSIOH; FIRE; FIREPROOF; 1HI>U5TKY; PAfiTICULATE BAXTjJH; SlbrjSM
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36922
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hassey, i). Reducing risk of baghouse fires. Plant
Engineering, 30(4):129-131, Feb. 19, 1976.
(1) SWIHS ACC.HO.: 037804
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) POB.
T.EAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Baste materials generated by hospitals can be
divided into several types: general mbbish; food residues;
pathological wastes; radioactive wastes; arug residues and solvents;
74
-------
HEALTH AND SAFETY
and disposable syringes, needles, test tubes, etc. The amount of
hospital waste has increased from approximately 4 pounds per patient
per day in 19S5 to a current figure or 19 pounds per day. The usual
•etnods utilized to dispose of this waste are incineration, compacting
and sanitary landfill. Pathological wastes are usually incinerated.
Hicrobiological Hastes are autoclaved. Liquid wastes (unused drugs) are
in some cases autoclaved, diluted and poured down the drain.
Badioactive wastes are disposed of by service contract or returned to
manufacturer. Some hospitals sterilize lood residues and make them
available for animal feed.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSABLES; DISPOSAL; D80GS; dA2Ai*DOOS; HOSPITAL;
IMCIHKRArOR; HICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGEN
(IS) STlflS ACC.NO.: OUS36B48
(18) DOC.CIT.: Powers, If. W. Hospital wastes. In: How to Dispose of
Toxic Substances and Industrial Hasten, Noyes Data Corporation, 1976,
497 p. (p. 223-226).
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 037252
(2) DOMESTIC: D t2) CATEGO&T: 09 (2.) SUbJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: flovement of poiiovirus I (chat) through nonsterile
core samples of a sandy forest soil was monitored, using several
regimens of loading with either dechlurinated final effluent from an
operating activated sludge treatment plant or distilled water.
Simulated cycles of rainfall and effluent applications, resulting in
ionic gradients, were snown to affect virus movement. Sueft studies
indicate that poiiovirus applied in effluents may move considerable
distances through this soil after rainfall. Survial of poiiovirus in
the soil at 4 and 20 degrees C has ueen monitored for 64 days. During
this period, tne capacity of the virus to (igrate is uncnanged. (Author
Abstract)
(12) KEIHORDS: ACTIVATED SLUDGE; DISCHARGE; EARTH; EFFLUENT;
FACILITY; FORESTRY; HAZARDOUS; HOHIl'OR; PATHOGEN; SAMPLING METHODS;
SAND; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT; VIRUS
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS36297
(16> DOC.CIT.: Duboise, S. m. , t). E. Boore, and B. P. sagik.
Poiiovirus survival and movement in a sandy forest soil. Applied and
Environmental nirobiology, 31 (4):53b-S43t Apr. 1976.
(1) SMlBS ACC.NO.: 036801
(2) DOHESTZC: D (2) CATEGUHI: 09 (2) SUBJ.l'YPE: T (10) PUB.
X£AB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Explosion hazards in municipal solid waste shredding
facilities are addressed. Tne Enviroumental Protection Agency has
recommended that provisions for separate outdoor placement of shredders
and special pressure relief devices be explored to minimize explosion
potentials. However, such measure most be coupled with rules and
operational guidelines for sate operating procedures. The Haste
Equipment Manufacturers Institute ueiieves tnat information regarding
explosion hazards and methods to •xniaize tne effects of explosions
should be widely circulated. Systeas dru not«;d for suppression
explosions, including pressure venting of shredders and ancillary
equipment. It is felt tflat scieeniny of input material, consideration
to structure design and shredder placement within a structure, and the
installation of a suppression system or pressure relief system are the
most feasible options available to provide explosion protection.
(12) KElHORDS: EPA; EQUIPMENT; EXPLOSION; FACiLITI; HAZARDOUS;
IMFOBHATIOM; HOHICIPALITI ; SAFETY; SHREDDING; SYSTEM
(IS) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS35846
(18) DOC.CIT.: Sandoval, H. A. Thu potential for explosions in
municipal solid waste shredding facilities: the need for awareness.
Baste Age, 7 (2): 32, 34, Feb. 1976.
75
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE I.WiAG^.vr.NI
(2)
(/}
>Ui>J
(IU) UB.
(1} ShIRS ACC.NG.
(2) DOMESTIC: F
YBAE: 1975
{tlj ABSTRACT: The storage of chc'sicMi waste procuctf^ troffl i uw
material industries rtquires the use o£ ou-j.ius deposits dee to t.ie
large volumes otitdiued. Because of hiyh levoiii at (jroiit.j ,»a.t<.-r .inJ the
relatively Uiick alluvial s^il, di*p»i,jts i.houaU rciEd^ii auose ynu.'ri.
Special problems urist- when tne iraute.. contain rfdtei :»oluJ/le Hazardous
materials which can L.e ti ancpoi ted _i;i a 1 i«iuiu aeuium. la^ choice oi
waterproofing for impervious uikbi! tai,)f-, entaiis the additJ.oL.il
consideration oi uettleaento, aitucns by chemical action and tiie
construction of a weatherproof instaJ-iation coL-reuponuing to tne
requirements of tiie building site.
(12) KEYKOHDS: CriiBiCSL; JUKf;
GtHSABX; GEOUBD wAfiii; dAi.A i.jutfi, ; PLA^NlAG; 2tJhi.Ia.L;
THANSPOKT; HATEIJ
t15) ST18S ACC.NO.: UUSJ5637
(1d) IKlC.ClT.: UoebKen, K . , arm h AUUZ
with dufflps of special wastes xii tae country around (*oidol.is«, and aulK
production of conceutiate diets sup^j.»>«*>n ted j.-rnnitioijeiiousiy witn
crude protein Iroii t utivehiior.t.1 :'.t/utt>""> or nun Jtih/uiatee uoultrv1
excreta (LiPt) aim to examine tnt- j 1 1 ..dice of joxycn ioxmat ed uit.rienya.
(fCti) residue^ in niix at LCI cattj« wt.-r e ieo t-xc-rt-tLi run t,. si nut . . «itu
PCb's . I he coiiVtu- 1 :toiio* roii cent t ate aiixtuie ond '.-nt; coal ,u ;ij a^j
dehydrated poultiy t'xra»"tri (.!/• j «ireii i) were tt-.j to r. .10 i.c<4ai- je.;
silage and i> percent ^ets concennat*.- (try tnattvi a;ic pioisi^ca
percent j.ess BiiK. Kat.i'.,>s oi ar> fcaitci iiita<.t
«.i COWK, anii leij
. J;ouiti; ex^rt't
y fi-.>a uens te+,; days,
d icltj-oi. unit honyi .. *v*
p^, in tn«_! concha tr a to, t
wan u. b pu* tor 21, j.i
aau ;' i i A A - j ; loiLi.ii, >'t ,„.,,'_;
PhO'1'B.i.fl;
(15j
(Id) bUC.Cir.; b*itu( 1. . n. , '^ . i' . .'•iis,'ij, mi 1 a. i' . «.t -r. iair.j ,
Poultry ticreta con t a i ni r, .s ;AJ., ycuiar tn j t ii i.\ ^a- r.^i^, u.'. ^ ; ' u
supplement for idctatiny co»o. v^iirijat or „,*!!/ .v'tei.ct-, :>^(J):4i,r, i»74,
1976.
(1)
(2)
£>'*1KS ACC.&U,;
DOBESPIC: i;
(11J AbSTBACf: &
prepared for the cooi
in Seattle Has.iiiijt.on
^>UBJ.tSFr;
L^ is
lining tar
to Feuruary
-------
} K.V ":•' v-i-i > Arm
purpose nf the sesjnar wa;* re px.iviiio GOB.J of tiie tooi.K that currently
exist whifh (My t><» d.rp! »• «<»'-3 '<> ttK- early i.iontit ica tion, assessment,
»i:f> pi ioi it iz!> is given to tne large nuabei of che»icdls to which people
are pjrposed in their oaily lives ana the «Pil publicized incidences
involving such chyaical substances as mercury, t.K.alido»ide,
polychlotindted biphenuyls, and vinyl chloride.-;. While no solutions to
the proxies of identifying toxic substances were derived at the
seminar, a nuaber of issues regdrding the m-eU tor, Korkaoiiity, and
practical!ty of early warning were raised. Xb« seminar Mas organized in
three major sections; (1) eifects, legislat ion, ana inciaents relating
to toxic substances; (2) early naming s/t»te» elenents; and (3) early
warning systeis and subsystems.
112) KEYWORDS: CANADA; CHBHleAt; CONFERBKCE; HEALTH; HOBli'OH;
REGU1,ATIO»S; SAPKTX; SEATTLt; S/STEM; TuXIC; US
(15) STIHi ACC.NO.: OOS35693
lib) liOC.CIT.: Batteiie Bemoria i Institute. Papers presented at a
setinar on early warning systems for toxic suostances, Seattle, Jan. 30
- Feb. 2, 1974. Sprinyfield, VA, NXJ.5, fb-24i4412, July 1975, 201 p.
(1) i»IHS ACC.NO.;
(2) DOMESTIC: D (/:) CAT£GU3T: Ot* (/) ^OBJ.TKPE: T (10) PUB.
YKAfi: 147S
(11} ABSTflACf: The need for iffiproved technical and otfcer
inforiatiou for nesting eaergeijcies related to thu transporation of
hazardous materials is examined. The Chemical Hazards Response
Information Systea (CHRIS) under devclopnent uy ttie toast Guard is
evaluated as a prototype systea tor all nodes ot transportation. CRKIS
is composed of three reference guides or data bases and a central
headquarters organization tor developing, iapleaenting, supporting, and
eaintaining the systea for evaluating nultinodal accidents in the
transportation of hazardous aateriais. uasic systei concepts are
discussed for extending CUR IS to all sodes ot transportation. It is
concluded that CHRIS expansion would be beneficial in reducing hazards
associated with tae transport of cheaicais. Sucn an expanded
information systea would be coapo^ed of a deceutraliztd organization
providing response guidance on request to local emergency services
personnel, coaputerized hazard assessment systea operated at
headquarters, and reference aanuals furnished to all response
organizations. (Author Abstract Hodified)
(12) KEIMORDS: ACCIDENT; CHtHICAl; COMPUTKR; 1>ATA; HAZ.ABDUOS;
IBFORHATION; MANUAL; RKSEARCii; ^YSXtfl; TtfANbt'uhr
(15) STI8S ACC.HO.: OOS35613
(18) OOC.CIT-: Allan, D. S. , and G. h. Hams. Cbeiicai hazards
response inforaatxon system for aoltiaoddl accidents (CHRISHA): a
reeralaataon of CHfili. for aj.1 aodes ot transportation. Report No.
CG-O~1<48-75. Hashington, Uepartaent of Transportation, Apr. 1*75, 123 p.
(1) SHI«i> ACC.KO.: 0362JB
(2) DOHESIIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 04 (2) SOBJ-TYPE: S (10) FOB.
YEAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: the joint effect of phenol and formaldehyde in
concentrations of 0. 023 plus-ainus 0. 005 sg/cu a and 0. O^t
plus—ainus 0. 002u ag/cu a, respectively, in combination with high air
toaperature (30 plus-ainus 2 degrees i.) , has a higher degree of
toxicity: changes in erythropoiesis, phagocytic activity ot
neutrophils, lysozyae activity, protein spectrum of blood serua,
aeuroauscular systea, activity of testicular epithelium, mitotic
activity of corneal epithelium, etc, including histopathological
shifts. Data on toe effect of other concentrations of phenol and
formaldehyde are available. The investigations were carried with the
purpose of assessing the effect of synthetic polymer emissions on
personnel employed in the shipbuilding industries, especially in regard
to the permissible levels of eaissions troa polymer materials. It is
recoaBended that the concentrations ot phenol and formaldehyde,
77
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
whenever their ccabined eifects are involved should not exceed 0. DOS
and 0. 006 mg/cu •, respectively.
(.12) KEYHOROS: CHEHICAL; CONCEMTBATION; CONSTKOCTIOH; DATA;
EMISSION; 1NDOSTBI; PERSOHUEL; PHENOL; POLTMEB; PROTEIN; SHIP;
STANDARD; SIHTHJSTIC; KMPEBATURB; TOXIC
(15) SUMS ACC.BO.: OOS35283
(18) DOC.CIT.: Dvoskin la. e. , S. E. Sandratskaya, and N. A.
Rakhmanina. Study of joint effect of phenol and formaldehyde in
combination with temperature of about 30 degrees C. (Izucheniye
sovmestnogo deystviya fenola i formaldegida v kombinatsii s povyshennoy
temperaturoy vo2dukha. ) Gigiyena i Sanitariya, 12:17-20, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036169
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATBGOHI: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
IBAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A handling guide toe potentially hazardous materials
is presented which is considered to represent the most complete
assembly of available information on materials safety. The handbook
contains a synonym directory, including more than 2,300 chemical names
that are cross-indexed to eliminate the contusion ot brand names,
organic chemical designations, and common names. Condition under which
each chemical may be hazardous to individuals and/or the environment,
and the potential or degree of hazard to be anticipated, are organized
and described on individual sheets or data forms. A handbook section on
risk classification identifies risk by type, using an abbreviated
classification or identification developed by the Department of
Transportation. In addition to a written description of risk, the
degree of risk is indicated in relation to potential tire and health
hazards. Other sections of the handbook are concerned with the
following: precautions necessary to protect personnel and the
environment from potentially hazardous materials, hazard to life, first
aid procedures, fire hazards and their control, stability of chemicals,
cleanup procedures in the disposition of materials, and priority risk
ratings. Data forms are supplemented with specialized information in
support sections of the handbook, and sample listings for paratnion are
included to illustrate the handbook's layout and information recording
procedures.
(12) KBYUORDS: CHiSICAL; CLASSIFICATION; CLEANUP; CONTROL;
DIRECTORY; FIRE; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; MANUAL; SAPETI; TOXIC
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS35214
(18) DOC.CIT.: Baskin, A. D. , ed. Handling guiae for potentially
hazardous materials. Miles, IL, Material nanagement and safety Inc. ,
1975, 1158 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 036110
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPB: S (10) PUB.
YJEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTBACT: The interrelationship Joetweeu nepatitis viraj
replication and pesticide toxicity is investigated. In evaluating the
effect of viral replication in hepatic endoplasmic reticulum on
activities of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the liver, two
viruses mere used which replicate in hepatic endoplasmic reticulun
without producing hepatic disease: Newcastle vaccinal virus in
chickens, and duck hepatitis virus inadult ducks. The microsomal
enzymes assayed were ethylorpnine N-dimethlase, aryl hydrocaroon
hydroxylase, and aniline hydroxylase. The soluble enzyme,
nitroreductase, was also assayed in chickens. Pesticide residue
analysis was used to evaluate indirectly the microsomal enzymatic
conversion of DDT to ODD and the soluble enzymatic conversion oi DDT to
DDE in ducks. Viral replication did not increase the activities of
microsomal enzymes and may nave decreased such activities sliyhtly.
Viral replication prior to cnemic
-------
HEALTH AND SAFETY
enzymes Mere induced to greater levels cy viral replication, pesticide
residue analysis tailed to demonstrate any increased clearance of
residues from body tissues.
(12) KEYiOKIlS: ANALYSIS; -fclOLuUlCAL; CATALYST; LflEBICAL; EFFECT;
HAZARDOUS; ORGANIC; PESTICIDE; POULTKK; PttOBUCE; IrlKOi
(.15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OGS3515b
(16) DOC.CII'.: Kagland, H. L. Effect of duck hepatitis virus on
pesticide toxicity. Research Triangle Park, NC, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Jan. 197fc, 7u p.
(T) SwIKS ACC.NO.: 036101
(2) DuHESTIC: D (2) CiTUiOfcY: Ob Ik) SOisJ.i'YPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAK; 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Available material on the metabolism and toxicology
o± molyDdenum is evaluated, with emphasis on those aspects relevant to
human beings. The lexicological appraisal of molybdenum is organized as
follows: (1) analytical methods used in evaluation (colorimetry,
emission spectrography, neutron activation, and atomic absorption); (2)
production, uses, and occurrence; (J) metabolism luptake and
absorption, excretion, and tissue distribution); (4) molybdenum as an
essential element in animal nutrition; {£>) toxicity; and (6)
interaction of molybdenum with, copper, sulfate, purines, and proteins.
Conclusions concerning the possible tat-altn eifects of molybdenum on
human beings are presented. A Diuiiography is provided in wnich special
efforts were made to include recent publications on molybdenum in
Russia and to coordinate this worK with similar etfort underway in the
Environmental Health Criteria Program ot the dorld Health Organization.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; tlULlOGtlAPtll; BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL; EPA;
FOOD; HEALTH; METAL; PROCESS; PhUUULt; PKuIEIS; TOXIC; USSK; WHO
Ob) SPI«S ACC.NO.: OOSJ3I40
(18) DOC.CIT.: Friberg, L. , P. Boston, and G. Uordberg. Holyodenum
- a toxicologicai appraisal. Research Triangle ParK, »C, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, NOV. 1a7b, 142 p. (Environmental
Health Effects Research Series. )
(1) SK1RS ACC.HO-: 03t>Ub1
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) OUSUOfc*: 09 (2) SUbJ.'rYPt: G (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hethane gas, steping rrom old bichmond, Virginia
sanitary landfills, has endangered about 1000 homes, torced closing of
several elementary schools, and caused at least one explosion which
injured one person and faced condemnation of uii apartment building. A
million—dollar project is under way to drill wells into the major
landfills and to pump tae meltane out. The gas will either be burned at
the wellhead, or it" colllcted in suiticient quantity, could be sold
commercially. In the i-eantime, the nazard continues to exist and other
areas wito significant sanitary landfills may be similarly aifected.
(12) KEJWOSDS: HAiAtfUOUS; INCiNtrtATiON; LAND; HETtlAME;
MUBIC1PAHTY; POfiP; KhCLAMATlON; i,A SHAKY LANDFILL; UTILIZE
(1b) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSJSlUo
(Ib) DOC.CIT.: McAllister, b. wosfiincjton rost. Hethane: kichmond's
Washinntou Post, Apr. 4, 197&, p. A1, Ao.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 0358fa5
(2) iJOBESTIC: F (2) CATEGuhY: 09 (2) SUW.TYPL: T (10) PUB.
YEAK: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: l"n recent years a jjumcer ot potential eaergeflcy
situations have arisen following trattic accidents or fires involving
chemicals, in an attempt to minimize the danger frov such incidents, an
emergency advice scheme has been established by the Chemical Industries
Association of Great uritain in collaboration nth the Lritisa Central
Government. As part 01 the scheme, chtaiical companies are providing
information to facilitate tne identification of products ana their
hazards and advice for their sate tieataeiit in an emergency. The
information is bein9 organized so that it can easily ce searched using
73
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
a co»puter—based interaction retrieval systea. The data being collected
initially are related to the requirements of the public emergency
services, but they can be extended to meet, the needs of other
organizations.
(t2) KEYMOBDS; ACCIDfisT; ANALYSIS; CHtHICAL; GuUEhNHKN'r; GE£AT
BRIJA1S; HAZARDOUS; INDUS'fBH; HAWAGiMUST; PKOijLESi; SAFKTX; TKAHSPORT
(15) STIBS ACC.SO.: GOS3U930
(13J UQC.CIT.: Cumberland, R. F. > and M. D. Heoden. A scheme for
recognizing chemicals and their hazards in an emetgency- Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 1(1):35-43, iept. 1*75.
(1) Swiss ALC.NO.: 035aui
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY: 09 (2) SUEJ.TYPE; G (10) iJUB.
Y.EA&: 197S
(11) ABSTRACT: Present and tutuie protiitns in the management of
nuclear wastes are considered. Sare operation or a nuclear reactor
should encompass the entire naclear fuel cyclt, including fuel supply,
reprocessing, and disposal ot wastes. The residue troa Bill tailings is
a minor cut persistent hazard, itaps should DC laJt^r. loc ptojjei
location and disposal ol these wastes. Fuel storagt- space1 is oeooming a
prfessino pioblem re^uirinq ini^eairite attt;ntion. Decommissioning of
tacilities will Dccotne a problem in another ^0 or JO years. Three
stages are required; looic ay witu surveillance; conversion and
restricted site release; and unrestricted site release. Gas recavery
processes should be developed and used so that damjtrous matt-rials such
as krypton 85 and tritium don't escape into the atmosphere and
biosphere. The costs versus tne Lent.tits must bt adce-rtained tor
separating alpha bearing wastes from rueis. Two methods of disposal
that can be utilized in tuvs century are disposal in the earth surtace
and in qeolaqical formations. Small countries should cooperate in
regional centers tor fuel rt process imj and waste handLj.n-j to cut-
handling and operating costs, to reduce the iiUEftro and sources o£
radioactivity, and to reduce t tic ri^ks of accidents, maturity of
nuclear energy is the ability to oianaqe at wisely, safely ai.d in
cooperation.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDENT; DISPOSAL; LCONCMICS; IO^L; MASSES;
GEOLOGIC; HAZAEDOU3; INT^uNAI I OH Ab; HANAGEMEiiT; PLAMNiNT,; PROBLEMS;
EACIATION; HAUlOACriVE; atiiiONAL; STORAGt
(15) STIMS AtC.NO.: OOS3UJ06
(18) DOC.C11.: Lenneaann, h. L. , li. E. Parker, and P. J. West.
Management of radj.o ACC.SO,: 03S733
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 04 (2) SUuJ.TYPE: X (10) filfl.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Experimental metnoos ot Jtinimizing the flow and
spread ot hazardous skills are detctiDed, A comuiuation of four
powdered polyaers ana d univecsal gelling agent that renders the
spilled material into a form «hicji is easily recoverable is discussed.
Tfiis four component blend consisti ot acjeuts tuat will collect water
soluble, polar, non-polar, jjid alcoholic types ot hazardous aatecials.
A fluidizing agent is a^so re«|iiircd which has the secondary effect of
providing a gel that ^s store resistant to hydroiysis. This agent is
inexpensive, costing about 0. SO doiiuri. per ID, ana it has been found
alter field testing that acout i>0 percent 01 tne agent, by weight,
based on the weight ol the i>pilj.ed li^uxa, i^ neeaea to bring the spill
under control. Laootd tory experiments and fioid tes«.s were, conducted on
typical aaterialt. tnat night te iouj.a in real spiels. The agents were
tested on spills on both land and water witn ^ood results. UUICK
aechanicdi retrieval of the gtlieo particles proved necessary, sinve
some tendea to sinx in water 01 pcrcoiate into the land and sosae were
mista Ken. for food ay iisa. Applicators «ete required to disperse the
agents evenly iii small ana large areas:. Ui in« ditfert-nt aethods tried,
80
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HEALTH AND SAFETY
it was found that sprinklers were effective in snail areas and sand
blasters were effective in laryer areas.
(12) KJEIwORDS: ACCIDEST; COLLECTION; COST RilDGCXIGB; ECOHGMICS;
HAZABDOUS; LAHD; LIQUID; POLLUTION; POLIHKR; PROCESS; RESEARCH; XOX1C;
HATER
(15) SXIMS ACC.HO.: OOS3477B
(18} DOC.CIT.: daier, R. £. , J. G. Kichalovic, V. A. Depalaa, and
B. J. Pilie. Universal gelling agent tor the control of hazardous
liguid spills. Journal of Hazardous Haterials, 1(1):21-33, sept. 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO, : 035530
(2) DOMESTIC: a (2) CATEGORY: 05 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A major contributor to the high cost of solid waste
lanaqement is the cost of injuries that result in wedical treatment and
workman's compensation payments. Retuse collection and disposal have
coapiled the wcrst injury record of any industry in Anerica. The bureau
of Sanitation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin planned a coaplete safety program
with the goal of cutting down on accidents. The Bureau purchased
Operation Responsible, a teaming program developed by the 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The program included a movie, a
series of slides complete with narrative, and instructions for training
supervisors, truck drivers, and sanitation workers. Safe working
procedures include such things as avoidance of slips and falls, careful
hardlinq of hazardous materials, proper lifting methods, and how to
drive and guide vehicles. The package from EPA was used with only two
changes. A few slides from each set IBS were replaced with slides of
Milwaukee sanitation workers. The narrative that accompanied the slides
was taped so that the supervisor did uot read it. Discussions and
fcelpful suggestions were prompted by the presentations. It is estimated
that the program saved the city approximately 200 thousand dollars in
1973/ its first year of operation. Due to a severe winter in 197U, the
accident rate did increase over the 1973 figures. A coaplete safety
program includes the proper attitude, an employee"s orientation to the
•job's safety equipment, a method of raising public interest, a
cooperative effort between iaoor ana management, and an information
system. A good reporting syr.tem for injuries helps determine the
factors which influence injury rates.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIOtiST; COLLECTION; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EPA;
EQUIPMENT; HAZAREOUS; INJUKi; LI t-T; MANAGEMENT; MILWAUKEE; PERSONNEL;
SAfETY; TRAINING; ThUCK
(15) STIKS ACC.NO.: OOS34575
(18) DOC.CIT. : Caplaa, &, E. Milwaukee battles back against refuse
collection injuries. Public Works, 106(12):55-57, Dec. 1975.
(1} SHIRS ACC.MO.: 034U60
(2) DO8ESX1C; F (2) CATEGOHX: 0!* (2) SUbJ.TiPE: G (10) PuB.
IEAR1 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: hew standards in safe working conditions and Bore
stringent requireaents for t-he protection of employee^, and even those
re»otely concerned with the activities of a conpaiiy, are laid down i>y
the Health and Safety ai Work Act oi Great Britain. A health Hazard
exists in the handling of old batteries. Lead, whica can be leaked due
to spillage which occurs during oif-loading carelessness, can find its
vay to gutters, and eventually enter the sewage syste*, tne acid
destroying bacteria necessary for the processing of organic aatter, and
fouling the waterways to the sea. It can also t>e picked up oa tne soles
of worker's footwear, where it can Ue carriea to auto or no»e carpets.
Here, it becomes dried and the dust is blown into the air by the
heating and cooling systems. Children, playing on contaainatea lloor
coverings, can also be affected by lead, uy way ot solution, then,
batteries should be collected in containers such as plastic coated
units which can i>e easily decontaminated, atid will contain acid which
• ight otherwise be leaked m e spj.il. At storage points, «ll yard
surfaces should be ot acid-resisting aiunina sloping to an adequate
blue brick and alumina coient sunp. Spillage should be be hoseu into
ttte suip for regular removal tiy an eiiluent disposal t-ervice- Horicers
81
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
should be instructed to realize potential sources ol contamination to
their families, and a workiiug industrial safety clothing room should be
provided. Also, eating or handling 01 food in the area is oat, and even
smoking of cigarettes should tie prohibited unless tne worker thoroughly
vashes bis hands vith hot, soapy vater, as lead on his finger tips will
be transferred through the cigarette paper.
(12) KEYWORDS: COHT80L; DISPOSAL; GREAT BBIrAIH; HAZARDOUS;
IBDUSTRY; BE60LAT10HS; SAi'ETX ; STA8DAKD
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS335QU
(Ib) DOC.CIT.: Hazards of handling batteries. Haterials Reclamation
Weekly, 126 (25):25-26, June 21,
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 033607
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2j CATEGORY: 09 (2) SBBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEARi 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Analysis of representative samples o± spacKliJig,
patching, and jointly compounds, purchased at retail stores in the Hew
York City area, has shown thai, sole contain asbestos ainerals as well
as other biologically active substances. Measurements suggest that home
repair work involving the use of such materials may result in exposure
to dust at concentrations sufficient to produce disease.
(12) KEYWORDS: ABALYS1S; ASBESTOS; CHEMICAL; LiUbT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOSJ2651
(18) DOC.CIT.: Exposure to asbestos in the use of consumer
spackling, patching, and taping compounds. Science, 169 (4202) :551-553,
Aug. 1975.
(.1) SUIRS ACC.NO.: 032113
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; t (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The consuaption of hexachlorobenzefte (HCb)-treated
seed wheat in turkey during the 1950*s has been indentified as the
cause of many cases of cutaneous porphyria. In December of 1972
HCB-contarniuated cattle were detected in Louisiana. Thus a survey of
the plasma bexachlorobenzene levels of the exposed population vas
undertaken. HCB residue levels ranged troa 0 to 7. 9 ppb. The highest
level for a chemcai vaste disposal facility worker was 345 ppb,, and
the highest level found in the general population was 23 ppb. Hales had
significantly higher levels but mere was no age difference. There was
no evidence of cutaneous porphyria by history or by skin examination. A
possible association between dCB residues and corpropoyrin and lactic
decydrogenase vas found. Only 2 neals out of the 48 sampled were
positive for HCB. There was a correlation between tne HCB levels in
household dust and plasma levels. Workers in planes producing
perchloroethylene and carboh tetrachloride had HCB plasma lev .els of up
to 233 ppb.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL; DATA; DISEASE; DISPOSAL; DUST;
HAZARDOUS; HISTORY; HOMAS; ISuUSTBY; LOUISIANA; POPULATION; HESEABCH;
SUBVEY; TOXIC
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS31217
(18) DOC.CIT.: Burns, J. a. , and F. fl. aiiier. Hexachlorobenzene
contamination: its effects on a Louisiana population. Archives of
Environmental Health, 30(1);44-4fl, Jan. 1975.
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Section 5
TRANSPORTATION
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 048509
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TTPB: 6
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: EPA, DOT, Senate plot courses for hazardous
waste handlers:.
(4) AUTHOR: Dosibrowski C
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Solid Bastes Hgmt/RRJ
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) POB. TEAK: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste generators are to be the initial
focus ol enforcement efforts by the Environmental Protection Agency's
hazardous waste program. Emphasis will also be given to the processing
of permit applications froa disposal facilities that threaten the
environsent. It is estimated that the cost of hazardous waste disposal
will rise fro» $155 million per year to $530 iiillion per year under the
program. The liepartment of Transportation and the Senate are also
promulgating or amending rules pertaining to hazardous waste.
Department of Transportation proposals establish <•inor recordlieeping
reguire«eiits and prohibit the shipment of hazardoos waste to improper
treatment, storage, or disposal sites. The Senate has increased the
authorization for the Department of Transportation's hazardous
materials program for fiscal year 1979. Pla'ns of the Environmental
Protection Agency to streamline its rultimakinq process are noted.
(12) KhYWOBDS: DISPOSAL; KPA; FEDERAL; GOfERNHBHT; HAZARDOUS;
PERBIT; REGULATIONS
(14) hlBRAKCfl TEKSS: 1HC/2DP; 1LF/2FF
(15) STlflS ACC.NO.: OOS47563
(16) CITATIOS: 21(7):54A-54D, Jul. 1978.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: 04M342
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEiJOHY; 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: i>
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Draft of JOO.J outlines procedures for handling
cf hazardous wastes.
(4) ADTHOR: Stern L
(6) JOURNAL TITL£: Solid Wastes M,jmt/HBJ
(10) LANGUAGE: £N (10) PUB. KEAfi; 1978
(11) ABS1BACT: An outline ox the procedures required by dralt
regulations under the Resource conservation and recovery Act (tii-RA) in
Section 3003, is presented. The "cradle to grave" manifest system will
track hazardous wastes from generator to permitted disposal or
treatment facility, with all intermediate transporters also required to
sign orf on the manifest. Transporters will be responsible tor
notifying immediately the closest regional office of the Environmental
Protection Agency in event of a spill. The agenci will provide a 24
hour emergy telephone service for tnese calls. In addition, a written
report, in duplicate, must be filed with the director or the Office of
hazardous Materials Operations, in the Department oi Transportation.
Information reguired to oe provided is detailed. Responsibility for
cleaning up the spill rests witn the transporter. Vehicle naming and
placarding will be reguired, in audition to existing OOX regulations
which may apply.
(12) KEXWOfiCS: ACCIDKUT; DISPOSAL; DOT; ENVIUOtftt-ENT; EPA;
HAZARDOUS; LAW; REGULATIONS; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERAHCh TEfiflS: 1HC/2DP; 1i.F/2£it; 1LF/2FF ; ITT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS47J90
(16) CITATION: 21 (6): 56, Jun. 1978.
83
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(1) SWIKS JVCC.li-].: ,"!it"':ja»: H ;,:) ; . t nv n 0:1 atHt i i t i „ T -. •*(.';• n
(6) cUuK TIT'-iv: ft ,> vi.;i >->:,;, i. ,'i ,1 i .• .s t ur o •. '/i-.tt. - ,j;.i
Disposal Centre,!.- ui dec tut'' u.,s j /.f,;^ o-.'-A-tv-ti - a'.,i .,<-,
1976. (8) tiSPChl NO.; 3'*-^>'*4
(10) LANGUAGE UN (iu> rUd. vfcab; r~our<;e c 01, ,^t i vdL ion di,
hecovery Act in G'.Ttooec, 19/t> to utal wt*-f. Hit «•. riv t; oniss ut d i r'i. o
posed i>y soliu waste ami to •remote r,- ~o •ut:i- lecovi ^ > as ,j i -,«,;Ui>=. fa,
achieve its >joli.
tequlations tot tr^a tment di;o dioto^di, ilt-ve i opin.j a ^ei'mit
notification, state implcirifc at it ; i ;i, v,j;ii liisj-Ooai ,-iovision
financial and tecnni-oai asai.jtaitot 10 ,^t,ite .md local -jovt.L
conductinq research, and onvf lu^iiH'iit a.; 11 vi t ie^, aud ei.courd
participation. Proolems j£>oOd.afei nitu tfifc t.ot|. 01 t in.j or i/arLtJ.5 uiiaei
observation OL a nti- poiluti OD coi'tiul.
(H) AUIHOK: Voqti C
(6) JOURNAL TiTLi: foelutiir. uud (w^t-n
(10) LANGUAOi.: GH (10) .itO. ai.,,«; 1rfJ/2^ii (1o) I'llD, ^£Att: 197o
(11) AB3THACT: fl tM ,; :j C is. ai e .atiinta toL teyulatin'j tut- uandu.n>j
and storaqe o£ birreli> witr; tiaraiui liquids in u Swiss industrial
enterprisfc. Kectntly developed auxiliary means ror traiii^/orl., txltm-j,
and storaqe at € delineated, neyuiati oi.s in Switzerland require barrtl
sites to have a trap Basin tor piever.tiaij leai-a^e 11. desiqnateu
qrcundwater re^i-ons. The cylindrical barrels uave a capacity of
and a weight of /ou-300 Kg. handling and transport. u. ,j a tall bdi
annually necessitates coiisiaeiaDU expeiiaiturt aiai t cescuts certaiu
in-jury risks. Indooc tians^or tation of cairtis is uaitdltd t,y IOIA. ii.it
trucks usinq barrel pallets lor laying barrels, or -iooden uallets (tjir>e
1 800 x 1200 urn) ;_OL uprijht barrels. Tins attnod io un^ati^lactoi y and
to overcome this shortcoming in a large Swiss plant, a new storiyfc and
transporting method has introduce! bhicn meets ytouKaaa ter conservation
requlaticns. " tarrel-ooys" iiave Deen designed wnicn are capaule 01
picKinq up a JCJ Kg barrel rrom a layin^ to an upright position sarely
and without efioLt. (Original text in G^riaan) .
(12) XiiYmUtiDS: aA/.AHDOUS; lit Uliblh'f ; f»OCKi>3; STC-iAiir,;
(14) HIE6ASCH TJHBii; 1«>.; 1i«i/^C2; 1TT/2MX
(15) 3TIMS ACC.NO.: GGStbaOt)
(16) CITATION: 26 (9) :97<*-*75, Jal. 1976.
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TRANSPORTATION
(1) StilfiS ACC.NO.: 046664
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAfEGOKX; 14 (2) SUbJ.TYPiS: G
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: EPA guidelines are shaping up on BCfcA's first
anniversary.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Solid Wastes agmt/BH.J
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. KEAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: One year arter passage of the Kesource Conservation
and Becovery Act of 1976 {iCfiA), tfte U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has announced soae ot the contents of its iiazardous wastes
regulations. Contents reviewed relate to issuance ot criteria defining
hazardous wastes to be regulated under 8C6A. Hospital wastes, municipal
sludqes, and leachates will be included with wastes which are
corrosive, flaanable, or toxic. Proposed manliest regulations ate very
coaplex and will serve to increase the accountability or waste
generators and transporters. Proposed regulations and requirements
relate to hazardous wastes storage, treatment, and disposal facilities.
States which ban importation or wastes into or across state borders
•ill be ineligible tor EPA financial assistance and not authorized to
assuae the tiCRA hazardous wastes progran.
(12) KEYHOKDS: CONSERVATION; CilTEBIA; DISPOSAL; EPA; F'fcDEKAL;
GBANT; HAZABDOUS; HOSPITAL; LAM; LEACH; KECLaflATlON; rfEFUSE;
SEGULATIONS; SIUDGE; STAli.; STOKAGE; TOXIC; TRANSPORT; TKEATQENI
(14) HIEHA8CH TEkHS: 1UP/2LF; 1i,F/2Fi; 1BA/2SH
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS45716
(16) CITATION: 20(12):46, 4d, Dec. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 045862
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEliOMX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: Permit processes, labeling, and facility safety.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal of hazardous Wastes: aecommendtd
Procedures for Hazardous Haste Hanaqenent.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. ARtiA: 1CD; 10S/2CA (10) PUb. YEAii:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Permit processes and facility considerations
associated with the manayeaent of hazardous waste- by North Atlantic
treaty Organization countries are discussed, tleaents ot the hazardous
waste disposal decision process are identified as tne preproduction
decision, generation, transportation, treatment and disposal. Two types
cf per lit processes are described: (1) peraits ror a particular
operation; and (2) control doouaents to Maintain the identity ot waste.
Irip tickets are defined as a torn of docunentation designed to follow
waste £ro» generator to transporter to disposer. Examples of waste
•anaqeaent forms used in California and Ontario, Canada, are provided.
The important role of labeling in tne proper disposal ot hazardous
•aterials is eophasized. Saaple hazardous waste inroroation labels used
in Canada are included. Safety precautions and procedures at hazardous
waste disposal facilities are addressed. (Retained in SHIfis library).
(12) KEYHOBDS; CALIFORNIA; CANADA; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; LICENSE;
EANAGEHENT; HEGULATIONS; SAFETY; i'ttA fcSPOhT; T6EATH4NX
(14) HIEttABCb TEBBS: 1UD/2DK; 1DD/2DB; iHA/^ri?
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: UUS44911
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty organization, Jun. 1977.
P.7S-95.
(1) SUIBS ACC.NO.: 045847
(2) OOHBSTIC: f (2) CAir-GOiiK: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYtE: G
(3) ABTICLB TITLE: Hazardous waste aanagenent in the participating
countries.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal of Hazardous hastes: Organization.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) G£0. AB£A: 1EU; 1US (10) t>Ub. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste aanayeaent principles and tht
regulation and control of waste stLeans are considered. Management
principles and the state or tne art in Belgium, Denmark, the Federal
be public of Geraany, Prance, the Netherlands, the United Kinydoa, and
tit* United States are detailed. Regulations on waste stream control and
practices of control in these saae NATO countries are also described.
In tne various countries, tnere ace public authorities and private
85
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
enterprises which deal witn: waste disposal; conditions foe disposal;
organizational schemes for Management and disposal under puolic and
private law; and regulations pertaining to the transport, treatment,
storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. Legislative and environmental
aspects of waste streaa control practices are addressed. (Detained in
SWISS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTBOL; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; EUKOPE; HAZAJiUOUS;
BANAGESENT; REGULATIONS; STORAGE; ThANSPOfiT; IBEATailNT; US
(14) HIEBABCH TEBMS: 1DD/2DH; 1HA/2HF; 1HA/2HC
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.; OOS44896
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977.
p.12-50.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 045843
(2) DOHESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYfE: G
(6) BOOK TITLE: Disposal of Hazardous Wastes: Transportation.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GEO. AK£A: 1£U; 1US (10) PUB. KEAii; 1977
(11) ABSTBACT: The transport of hazardous waste is examined in this
report prepared for tne north Atlantic Treaty Organization. Compounds
having potential environmental effects ace listed in tabular font, and
comments on their hazardous properties ace provided in terns oi
labeling requirements for transport. In another table, the same
compounds are cataloged in terms or waste types in England, Geraany,
and Prance which might contain tne compounds. Additional data on the
transport of hazardous waste in the United Kingdom and the United
States are provided. A format for classifying hazardous waste, along
Kith definitions of classes and divisions of such waste, are included.
(Retained in SHIBS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CLASSIFICATION; DISPOSAL; i.NY14GNM£NT; FfiANCK;
GEBHANY; GBEAT BRITAIN; HAZARDOUS; TBANSPOBT; US
(14) HIEBABCH TERMS: 1DO/2DH; 1 ED; 1HA/2HF; 1HA/2HH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: UOS44U92
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jul. 1977. 56 p.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 045491
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGORY.: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Trace metals in scallops from within and around
tne ocean disposal sites.
(4) AOTHOB: Pesch G
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: ttarine Pollution Bull
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. X.EAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The area! distributions of the concentrations of 13
metals in sea scallop tissues were examined in the vicinity or two
ocean disposal sites located off tne U.S. mid Atlantic coast, fletal
contaminants determined included iron, copper, chromium, aluminum,
•anganese, lead, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, cadmium, zinc, silver, ana
titanium. Patterns of metals distribution showed teat five specific
metals (silver, copper, nickel, cadmium, and vanadium) may ce used as
identification tags for individual wastes disposed at the two sites.
Disposed materials tended to be transported by currents south and
couthvest from the disposal sites. It was concluded that biological
availability and potential toxicity 01 the metals pose a threat to
lacine biota.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; METAL;
CCEAN; TOXIC; TRANSPORT
(14) HIEKABCH 1EBMS: 1UD/2DK; 1UD/2i>U; 1UA/2HF
(15) STIttS ACC.NO.: OOS44539 (15) SECONDABX AUTHORS: aeynolds B;
Bcqerson P
(16) CITATION: 8 (10):224-22U, Oct. 1977.
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(1) SiilHS ACC.NO.: 045244
12) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOUSf: 14 (2) SUBJ.Tit-E; U
p) ARTICLE TITLE: Closing loop on hazardous materials.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Cttemical HfeeK.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. XEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 197fa
ban optn dumping and will place restrictions and controls on
disposal of hazardous wastes. Tne U. 3. Environmental Protection Ayency
(EPA) Bust publish a comprehensive list ol hazardous wastes, poolis/i
standards for generators, transporters, and treatem ot suoh wastes and
issue permit regulations. As a result of this legislation, tne chemical
industry will be completely regulated from manufacture to disposal. EPA
anticipates that definition of Hazardous wastes *iil yo ueyond
treataent, storage, and disposal to encompass wastes which have damage
potential if tney do not reach sucn facilities. EPA expects to ajjtly
definitional criteria to the waste mixtures and not to the suspected
hazardous conponents. Witain 90 days of promulgation of regulations
identifying and listing hazardous wastes, all generators, tteaters,
stcrers, or transporters of the waste must notify EPA ol its activity,
location, and the nature of tue waste. Failure to comply will be
tunishable by civil and criaiuai penalties.
(12) KEYhQRCS: DISPOSAL; JUflPING; EPA; HAZARDOUS; LAW; OPEJi;
BIfUSE; REGULATIONS; STORAGE; TclAlilSP02T; TREAl'HLM
(14) HIE6ARCH TEHHS: 1HA/^HF; 1i,B/^>LD
(15) STIM5 ACC.NO.: OOS44291
(16) CITATIOH: 120(3) :44-45, Jan. 19, 1977.
(1) SHJtiS ACC.SO. :
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATiiGOiiK; 22 (2) SUBJ .T It' E: I
(5) CCEPCHA1E AUTHOR: Land quality Management Div
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Sanitary Landfill Operator's Manual.
(10) LANGUAGE; EN (10) GEO. AKEA: 1US/21A (10) PJB. YEAa: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Procedures for the disposal of hazardous wastes set
forth by the Iowa Department or Euvi ronmental Quality (Dty) arc
discussed. The Solid Waste Disposal Jmles state that "no industrial
sludge or toxic and hazardous waste shall be delivered to nor disposed
ty a sanitary disposal project unless explicit instructions are first
obtained from the department". Landfills will not accept radioactive
•aterials tor disposal, disposal instructions for hazardous wastes will
te issued by the i)EQ after receipt ot the following information:
quantity of waste; chemical composition and physical fotm; toxicity or
ether known hazards; proposed packaging and transport; sugyested
handling at disposal site; potential for recycle; and previous metnod
of disposal. Disposal instruction forms are included. The disposal ot
hazardous waste containers is discussed and pictures of the U.S. l)ept.
cf Transportation hazardous materials warning labels are included.
(12) KEYWORDS: AUTHORITY; cHiJHli-AL; CCNTAINiiii; ulJPOSAL; HAiAKUOUS;
IOWA; PACKAGING; RECL A«AT lOh ; SANITARY LANDfILL; TOXIC; THANSPOKT
(14) HIERAfiCH TERHS: 1DD/2DJ; 1HA/2HP; 1 SD/2SH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44262
(16) CITATION: Des Koines, Iowa, Iowa Dept. of Environ. Duality,
Bay 1977. p. 63-67.
(1) SHIHS ACC.NO.: 0452J1
(2) DOMESTIC: U (2) CATEGORY: 22 (2) SUuJ.TY.PE: 1
(5) CCRPORAaE AUTHOR: Land Duality Manayemfent uiv
(6) BOOK TITLE: Sanitary Landfill Operator's Manual.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEU. AKEA: 1US/2IA (10) PUB. YbAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A manual witn specific reguirements and suggested
frocedures tor operating a sanitary landrill is presented by the Iowa
department of Environmental yuality. The following topics are
individually discussed: sanitary landfills; the landfill operation;
cell construction; roads and tramc control; iucltmeut weathei.
operations; vector and litter control; leachate monitoring; procedures
for hazardous waste disposal; sewagt sludge disposal; sanitary landrill
equipment; map reading; OStiA and saiety; records; inspections; and
sources ot assistance. Solid *astf rules trom tne state ot Iowa and
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
iroat tiie Iowa uepartmer.t of. Environmental yuality are included as are
surveying techniques. The techniques include the determination ur
elevations and tne calculation 01 earthwork quaiitities. Pictures,
diagrams and tacles are included. (detained in SHIBS library).
KEYWORDS; AUTHORITY; CLIaATE; CGNSIfcUClIOii; DATA; aBVIhONHENT;
; HA^ttHOOUS; I0*a; OiH/i; btGULATIOtlS ; SAFETY; SiNITAEY
TfaAN SPORT
(14) HIEBAriCH IjJfeSii: 1i/i;//DJ; UE/2EM; 1SD/2SG
3TIMS At-C.NO.: OOS44276
(15) 3TI
(16) CITATIOu:
Kay 1977. 138 p.
Des Homes, Iowa, loMa kept. of Environ, quality,
(1) SHIRS AC*.. MO. : 044957
(2) uGHESTlc: o (2) cA-ftiiUiiif: 14 (2) sUtfJ.TiPE: ti
(3) AHTICLL TITLE: seminar statement on solid waste management.
(6) JCUHNAi. TITLE; A£NA Reporter
(10) LANGUAGE; EN (10) tUD. Y2AR: 197b
(11) ABS1HACT: APWA, its xCatitute for Solid Wastes, and other
involved in solio t, and may proviae a model for otr.er states to
follow. The ad vantages ol tae niauifest are detailea. ho aut£.orii;ation
is nece£sary, tuere by niniuiiziuy ptCKjedural problems lor 0otii tut
waste generator and IkiytJ. Tne generator controls trie oil site disposal
cf waste. Potential proiJieois associated with imj,.iopt,i disposal cau i;e
detected, investigated am lesolveu. In developir.j tne regulatory
nechaniam for concLoiliny solid waste, the lt<^fa relied on criteria
relating waste classification to waste quantity and tne size or tue
generating facility (determined uy tne numoei of employees). Tut
article defines the classes or waste. In an etiort to restrict the
rurncer of active participants in tue manifest system while at the same
time i mpleffie'ntinq controls ior the aost potentially hazardous wastes,
the T&Utt developed a classuasea reporting system. The design o£ tue
shipping control and reporting system is detailed.
(12) K±.Y ttultCS : CLASSlIIv-ATlON; COHTnOL; HAiAkDuUS;
EfiUSE; StilP; 'UXAJ; TriAKbPuiii'
i'U) HIEKAnCH TE8«S: 1 In)/ 2 1}* ; 1 uA/2 hi- ; 1IU/2tih; 1MA/2MH
(15) STI SS ACC.h'O. : OOS43boJ
(16) CITATlOtJ; 8 {10): -S3, 40-41, Oct. 1977.
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(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 044434
(2) DOMESTIC: o (2) CAXASOC;^ 09 (2) suBJ.rYi-t': s
(4) AUTHOR: Fuller HB
(5) CORPORATE AUTHGfi: Univ or Arizona
(6) jjOQK TITLE: Movement or Selected Metals, Asbestos, and cyaaide
in Soil: Applications to Maste Disposal Problems. (8) HEPOBT iiu.:
IPA-600/2-77-020 (9) CONTRACT NO.: b8-03-0208
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: This report presents inforuation on movement ot
selected hazardous substances in soil winch can be applied to problems
of selecting and operating land disposal sites ror wastes containing
arsenic, asbestos, berylliua, cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, iron,
lead, aercary, oelenium, and ziac. The indorsation is based on a
literature review, laboratory studies or Movement of hazardous
substances throuqh soil in municipal landfill leacnate, and the
author's experience in soil science and waste disposal. The report also
presents geceral inforaation on sails and geological aaterials and
specific intornation on tne caeaistry of tne selected hazardous
substances which is relevant to au understanding of their migration in
soil. Critical information gaps are identified, particularly as regards
the chemistry and soil adsorption behavior of mixtures of several
hazardous substances in tae presence or high concentrations of otner
organic and inorganic solutes, a situation commonly encountered in
leacnates rroai municipal and uazardous solid wastes. In spite of these
information gaps, it is concluded that waste disposal practice can be
improved by application of present information. The report contains a
bibliography oi 81 related citations. (Retained in ShlKS licrary),
(12) KEYiiOSES: ASBESTOS; rilflLIUttRAPHX; CHEMICAL; COSTAH1NAXL; UATA;
DISPOSAL; GEOLOGIC; GSOUND WAXES; HAZABDOUS; I&DUSThy.; LEACH; 8ETAL;
HUNICIPALITY; EOILOT10N; SOIL; TKANSPOfi'i'
(14) HJEBAKCH TEHMS: 1GL); 1HA/2HF; 1LC; 1ME; 1SJ
(15) SIX US ACC.NO.: OOS4347a
(16) CIT&TIOH: Cincinnati, Oh, U.S. iiivironiBen tal Protection
Agency, April 1977. 242 p.
(1) SHIKS ACC.NO.: 044318
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATbGOSY: 0V (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Suamary or damage incidents rrom improper laud
disposal.
(4) AUTHCH: Lazdc KC
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Proceedings: 1 97b National Conference on
Control cf Hazardous Material spills. New Orleans, LA, Apr. 25-2d,
1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUb, YiAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Potential damages resulting froai hazardous waste
disposal on land are explored. There are sax major routes or
environmental transport by which tnt improper disposal or hazardous
waste on land can result in damages: ground water contamination via
leachate; surface water contamination via runotr; air pollution via
cpen burning, evaporation, sublimation, and wind erosiou; poisoning via
direct contact; poisoning via tne lood chain; and tire and explosion.
Each of these forms of damage is considered in relation to toe
signiricance of hazardous waste disposal. It is envisioned tnat
improved cooperation between government and industrj will oininize the
incidence or damages.
(12) KEYWORDS: AIH; CONTAMINATE; DISPOSAL; EXPLOSION; F1HL;
HAZARDOUS; LANC; LEACH; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT
(14) HIEKAtiCH TERHS: 1HA/2HF
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OUS43302
(16) CITATION: iiociiville, MO, Intoraation TLdiiisrez., Inc., 197t>.
p.437-44C.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO. : 044295
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPB: T
(3) ABTICLE IIT.UE: Hazardous material toad spills: training .keeps
Colorado prepared.
(4) AUTHOfi: Pat ton H
(6) JOURNAL TITLE; Hural and Urban Roads
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. ABEA: 1US/2CO (10) PUd. YEAtt: 1977
(11) ABSTfiACT: The state of Colorado is currently conducting
seainacs in the area of hazardous materials handling with emphasis on
emergency spills. These seminars were started only after it was
discovered that no other state had training procedures of any kind. Tne
seminars have had great success, with nany out of state emergency
personnel attending.
(12) KEYWORDS: HAiABUOUS; MATERIALS HANDLING; SAiiTY; SPILLAGE;
3BANSPOBT
(14) HIEBAHCH TERMS: Ud/2Et; 1HA/2Hi; 1TF/2TM
(15) 3TIB5 ACC.NO.: OOS43339
(16) CITATION: 15(5)143-44, Hay 1977.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 044208
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 07 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Haste disposal controls.
(4) AUTHOfi: laughlin KG«
(5) CCBPCBA'IE AUTHOR: Ontario research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Tne Methodology for the Operation of a haste
Haterials Excnange in Canada. (8) KEPOK1 NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CCNTBACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-£P13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GiSO. A fat, A: 1EU; 10S; 1CD (10) PUB. iEAfi:
1977
(11) AbSTBACI: Controls Being introduced over the disposal oi' waste
materials in Europe and North Aaecica are discussed. The controls cover
the transportation and disposal of waste, with primary eaphasis on
hazardous or toxic waste. It is felt that the effect of implementing
stringent controls over the disposal of hazardous waste on the
establishment of. a waste Materials exchange will be to increase the
utilization of the exchange by industry. Two reasons J.oc this are
cited: (1) the cost for disposal 10 an environmentally acceptaolfe
manner is usually more expensive than landfill or lagoouing; and (2)
the reporting aspect of most existing or proposed waste disposal
control legislation should also encourage the use of a waste exchange.
Cata on hazardous waste treatment and disposal practices in the United
States are tabulated.
(12) KEYWORDS; CANADA; CUNTUOL; DATA; DISPOSAL; EUBOPE; HAZARDOUS;
JNDUSTHX; INFOBHATION; SYSTEM; TOXIC; TfiANSfOET; TREATMENT; US
(14) HIEKAfiCH TERMS: 1DU/2DB; 1EB/2EF; 1HA; 1TD
(15) STIBS ACC.SO.: OOS43251 (15) SECONDABY AUTHOBS: Goloal> A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p. 2 5-2 7.
(1) SMIBS ACc.tiO.: 043509
(2) UOSESTIC: D (2) CATilGOtfY: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: Tne county perspective: a major mproveaeot.
(4) AUTHOR: ShasXan c
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Environmental Comment
(10) LANGUAGE; EN (10) PUB. YEAB: 1977
(11) ABSIHACT: The county role in the new solid waste law, the
Besource Conservation and Recovery Act (fiCBA) of 1976, is described.
Ihe new law does not emphasize source reduction measures to the extent
counties believe necessary to support programs for reducing solid
haste, but it does show significant improvement over earlier
legislative proposals. Hural assistance in solid waste management is a
critical element in the new law. Tne S25 million provided per year (for
1978 and 1979) to help rural communities upgrade their solid waste
•anageioent facilities is insufficient. Counties are increasingly
concerned with catastrophes and pollution that may result from the
transportation and disposal of hazardous waste so they welcome the
stcong hazardous waste aanageiaent program contained in the new la.w.
Counties apcove of fiCBA'-s call foe the creation ox statewide solid
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taste plans supplemented by suoiegional plans whose functions must be
•Jointly determined by state and local officials. The new law does not
crovidean adequate level or funding so local governments Kill have to
return to their strained budgets or charge local taxpayers increased
user fees. If toe Environmental Protection Agency encourages
flexibility in the implementation 01 tht program and insists on lull
funding, county solid waste programs may benefit.
(12) KEYhORCS: COUNTY; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; GOVtBNHfcST; HAZARDOUS;
LAW; LOCAL; RECLAftATION; RURAL; SOLID; TRANSPORT
(14) HIKRARCri TERHS: 1HA/2HF; UB/2LD; 1HV2flA; lMA/2Hi; 1HA/2SG;
186
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS42612
(16).CITATION: 18-20, Feb. 1977.
(1) StolfiS ACC.NO. : 043563
(2) DCHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 14 (2) SUfcJ. 1 YPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLil: Illinois' solid waste management program:
icnitoring, permitting, and euforcement.
(4) AUTHOR: Rein JH
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Environmental Comnent
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) G£O. AREA: 1US/21L (10) PUB. YfcAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The Illinois solid waste management program can be
divided into three general areas: monitoring, permitting, and
enforcement. The monitoring or solid waste management sites involves
the inspection of landfill sites, tue compiling and gathering ot
material which could be used as evidence, and the testing ot water.
Inspectors are equipped with photographic equipment, surveying
instruments, well monitoring uguipment, and stream sampling apparatus.
& unique three tiered permit system for sanitary landfills involves
development, operating, and supplemental permits. Eighty percent of the
landfill sites nave permits due to rigorous envorcemeut of the program
and standard operating requirements have been enforced. Under a
voluntary compliance program, violators of regulations are called to a
compliance conference in an attempt to establish a corrective program.
Guidelines are being developed to allow greater public participation in
the permitting process. Proposed regulations relating to hazardous
waste generation, transportation, and disposal are noted.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; ILLINOIS; LEGAL; LICENSE;
HANAGEHENT; HONITOB; REGULATIONS; SANITARY LANDFILL; SOLID; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DP; 1HA/2HF; 1LB/2LG
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42606
(16) CITATION: 16-17, Feb. 1977.
(1) SHIfiS ACC.NO.: 04J382
(2) DCHESTIC: D (2) CATKGOfcY: 09 (2) SDBJ.TXPE: G
(6) BOOK TI1LE: A Survey of Hazardous Haste Generation and Disposal
Practices in Kansas. v. 2.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GiiO. AfltA: 1US/2KS (10) PUB. *£AB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Data are tabulated on the generation of hazardous
waste in the State of Kansas during 1974. The Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) Code is used to organize and identify the 396
industries included in the survey. The data tabulations provide
information on the generation of hazardous waste: gallons per year cor
liquid waste and percent gallons, and tons per year for solid waste and
percent tons. Hazardous waste generation data for 14 major SIC groups
are reported: (1) food and Kindred products; (2) printing, publishing,
and allied industries; (3) chemical and allied products; (4) petroleum
refining and related industries; (5) rubber and miscellaneous plastic
products; (6) leather and leather products; (7) stone, clay, glass, and
concrete products; (8) primary metal industries; (9) fabricated metal
products, except machinery and transportation eyuipment; (10)
machinery, except electrical; (11) electrical and electronic machinery,
equipment, and supplies; (12) transportation equipment; (13) railroad
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
transportation; and (14) electric, gat>, and sanitary services.
(fietained in SfclHS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; oLAY; cOKCfitTE; DATA; i.LiCTHlCAL;
igUIPHEbT; iOOC FhOCESSIiiG; G^ASS; HAZARDOUS; INOUSThY; KANSAS
BETAL; PLASTIC; BAIL HAUL; faJtflNtkY ; RUBBER; SANIl'Aia; SOLID;
(14) HIE&AfiCH TERMS: 1HA/2HH; 1IC/2IY
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4^42b
(16) CITATION: Topeka, KS, Kansas Department OL Health and
Jenvironment, Bar. 1977. 184 p.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO. : 043356
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) 3UBJ. T itc: G
(5) CCRPCRA1E AUTHOR: Kansas Oept. of Health and Environment
(6) BOOK TITLE: A Survey ot Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
Practices iii Kansas.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/2KS (10) tun. YEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A study was initiated in 1975 by tne Kansas
L'epartment of Health and Environment to determine the quantity or
hazardous waste generated and disposal practices in tne State.
Cb"jectives of the study were to identify the sources of hazardous
vaste, estiiate the total quantity ami characteristics of hazardous
itaste generated in Kansas during 1974, identity treatment and disposal
techniques, establish a readily retnevaile tans of inroriuation on
hazardous waste sources, and conduct a review or legislation ana
administrative policies. 39o manufacturing industries were studied due
to their high potential for producing Hazardous waote and 31 pesticide
applicators and 24 hospitals or institutions were taintd in ShIRS library).
(12) KEYHOS0S: ADUISISIHArlON; DISPOSAL; fiWUlPHt-NT; HAajtttBOUS;
IrOSPITAL; INDOSTEif; INFOiiMATIOM; INSlITUTIOtt; KANSAS; LIQUID;
K4»i4G£HENT; MEIAL; OKGANIC; PAINT; vESTICIDL; isJif INEh K; SLUUUE;
IRANSPOaT; lK£«lfitNT
(14) HIEEAHCH TEttMS: 1HA/2HF; 1riA/2«G
(15) 3TIBS ACC.NO.: 0054^399
(16) CITATION: Topeka, KS, Kansas Department or Heaitn ana
Environment, Mar. 1977. 9 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 0431b6
(2) DOMESTIC: o (2) CATEGORY; 14 (2) subj.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Suaaary: Laws and regulations concerning tte
disposal of hazardous wastes — Washington.
(4) AUTHOR: Haldrop P
(6) BOOK TITLE: la State hazaidous Haste Regulations and
legislation: A Synopsis of Information on Seven Selected States.,
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) Giao. «atA: ios/2kA (U) PUB. YEAB; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Laws ana regulations concerning tne handling and
disposal of hazardous wastes in Washington are presented. At present,
direct control of the disposal or environmentally hazardous wastes is
tenuous without a specific law, aitnough a few parts of existing law
and regulations concern hazardous wastes. Hazardous waste haulers are
regulated by the Utilities and Transportation Commission. Regulations
about solid waste storage include mention of hazardous and problem
wastes. Hazardous wastes Bust be properly labelled, stored, and
inaccessible to the public, troblem wastes, and those unsuitanie for
storing in containers, must be stored in a nuisance iree manner. No
specific mention is made concerning secure landfills, but tnere
central regulations wnicn are pertinent and there are regulations
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concerning solid waste hand liny standards which would also apply, i'uere
ace no laws or regulations concerning hazardous waste generator or
disposer reporting. Information about hazardous wastes is given
voluntarily by the waste producer. Legislation relating to hazardous
wastes is in progress. An index of current laws and regulations xor
hazardous waste handling and disposal is included.
(12) KEY.HOBDS: CONTAINS; DISPOSAL; GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; LA*;
HEGULATIONS; SANITAfif LANDFILL; Sl'Al'fc; SlOBAtiE; T'A AKSPOST; MASHiNGTON
(14) HIEaAfiCH TEtfflS: IDii/tDH; 1HA/2HJ; 1LB/2LG
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42209
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, Oil, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1976, p. 42-47, Solid Waste Management Series Sti 530.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 043165
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEliOKi: 14 (2) SOBJ.TKPE: 6
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Summary: Laws and regulations concerning the
disposal of hazardous wastes — Oregon.
(4) AUTHOR: Haldrop P
(6) BOOK II lit: In Statt Hazardous Maste Regulations and
legislation: A Synopsis of Intornation on Seven Selected States.
(10) LANGUAGE: £N (10) GEO. AEtA: 1US/20K (10) PUB. YEAfi: 1 y?o
(It) ABSTRACT: Laws aad regulations concerning the handling and
disposal of hazardous wastes in uregon are presented. Environaeutally
hazardous wastes fall into tour categories: (1) substances roc
defoliation, or control of insects, fungi, weeds, etc.; (2) discarded
radioactive material; (3) hazardous industrial, manufacturing, trade or
business residues classified as hazardous by the State Environmental
Cuality Commission; and (4) containers and receptacles used in the
transport, storage or use or the substances. Disposal oi these wastes
is prohibited in or upon any property other than that designated as a
disposal site. The operator of an environmentally hazardous waste
disposal site gust be licensed and uis responsibilities for site
management are listed. License fees are based on tue volume or material
accepted. State regulations to provide a detailed classification system
for identifying environmentally nazardous waste are being developed.
acquirements fcr reuse, recovery, or treatment, rinsing of containers,
darning signs, container labeling, record keeping, accident reporting,
and general transport regulations are discussed. An index or laws aud
regulations on nazardous waste candling and disposal is included.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTAINS*; DISPOSAL; SEE; GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS;
IA«; LICENSE; MANAGEBENT; oaWON; PiiSTICIDE; RADIO ACTIVIT *;
BECLAHATICN; REGULATIONS; SITKS; STaTJi; 1BANSPORT
(14) HIEHAHCH TEHBS: 1DD/2DH; 1hA/2HF; 1LB/2LG
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 0054220B
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, Oii, U.S. Environmen tdl Protection
Agency, 1976, p.36-41, Solid Uaste danageaent Series sw 530.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 043162
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBX: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Summary: laws and regulations concerning the
disposal of hazardous wastes -- Massachusetts.
(4) AUTHOR: Haldrop P
(6) BOOK TITLE: In State hazardous Waste Regulations and
legislation: « Synopsis ot into citation 011 Seven Selected States.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEU. AfltA: 1US/2MA (10) PUB. YtAK; 1976
(11) ABSTUACT: Laws ana regulations concerning the disposal of
hazardous wastes in Massachusetts are presented. The Massachusetts
Solid Haste Disposal Lav of 1965* empowers the Department of Public
Health to promulgate regulations relating to the storage, collection,
transportation, transfer, and disposal of solid waste. The 1970 laws
ifcfer to handling and disposal aud licensing of cuemical and other
hazardous wastes. Sanitary Landfill Regulations define special wastes.
Special wastes disposal must ue conducted in a separate landfill area
designated for that purpose and the operator must oDtain a permit.
those operating cr engaged in tue collection, conveyance, or disposal
cf hazardous wastes aust ce licensed. Hazardous waste Regulations
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
prohibit dumpiuy of nine kinds of waste substances. A five pact:
classification scheme tot hazardous wastes has been established whicn
specifies disposal of the five classes of wastes, offshore disposal 01
hazardous wastes is pecnittea if authorized. Hazardous waste transport
vehicles reguire Barking. Transport of the wastes through waters oi the
State for the purpose of oftshore disposal is prohibited. An index of
laws and regulations for hazardous waste handling and disposal is
included.
(12) KEXHORUS: CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; UUBPING; GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS;
IiH; LICENSE; HASSACHUSETTS; OCEAN; REGULATIONS; SANIIAiU LANUi'IU.;
S1A1E: STORAGE; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERARCH TEEMS: 1DU/2DH; 1HA/2HE; 1LB/2LG
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS42205
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency* 1976, p. 15-21, Solid Baste flanageaent Series Sfc 530.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0431t>0
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 14 (2) SUUJ.TIP£: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Summary: laws and regulations concerning the
disposal of hazardous wastes — California.
(4) AUTHCB: Kaldrop p
(6) BOOK TI1LE: In State Hazardous Haste Regulations and
legislation: A Synopsis of Inforaation on Seven Selected States.
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) G£O. A£EA: 1US/2CA (10) PUB. XEA4: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Law and regulations concerning the disposal oc
hazardous wastes in California are presented. The California Department
of Health governs the identification, handling, and transport oc
hazardous wastes; the State Hater Resources Control Board governs the
disposal sites, waste discharge requirements, and monitoring. Beans of
identifying hazardous wastes are noted. California has guidelines for
the handling and disposal ot potentially noncompatible wastes. The key
to the State hazardous waste reporting system is the. Liquid Haste
Hauler (Manifest) Record. Site operators Bust mane monthly hazardous
caste reports which include copies of the danifests. State fees are
collected on a tonnage basis and are used by the state to cover
administration costs of the law. Che waste disposal system is governed
ty a site classification scheme coupled with a waste classification
scheme. The Regional Hater Duality control Boards may require
aonitoring of local ground and surface water. Suspected violation of
the ainiiua standards and regulations for the handling, processing, and
disposal of hazardous wastes are subject to proceedings instigated by
the California Attorney General. An index of lavs and regulations on
hazardous .waste handling and disposal is attached.
(12) KElfHORDS: CALIFORNIA; DISPOSAL; FEE; GOV ERNBKN1; GROUNJJ HATEK;
HAZARDOUS; LAW; MONITOR; REGULATIONS; SIliS; STATE; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1UD/2DH ; 1HA/2Hf; 1Lii/2LG
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS42203
(16) CITATION: 1976, p.1-9, Solid haste Management Secies SH 530.
Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 042943
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATtGGHK: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE 1ITLE: Hazardous waste management control reguires
laws, records, equipBent...ami education.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Soiiu Haste Systeas
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) G^O. A&EA: ms/2cA (io) PUB. XIAR: i
(11) ABSTRACT: Several accidents due to inadequate hazardous waste
lanaqement are described and the methods and equipment used in
California to control and monitor hazardous waste collection,
transport, and disposal are detailed. The Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976 reguires the use of a manifest system to ensure
that all hazardous wastes are designated for treatment, storage, or
disposal at a laciltiy authorized to accept such wastes. California's
tanifest is depicted. Data entered Bust include: t&e complete address
cf the waste producer, the hauler, and the processor or disposer; waste
type; and method of treatment or disposal. A well equipped laboratory
is mandatory for identification of nazardous wastes and their safe
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TRANSPORTATION
eanageaent at the disposal Site. Typical case histoLj.es of accidents
resulting from Bixing i nc om pa ti u le wastes ace summarized. Field
equipment to collect representative samples and to provide rougii
screening of those samples is also required. The California Department
cf Health has developed aobile laboratories so that waste samples can
te safely screened for hazardous properties immediately arttr
collection.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDEflT; CALIFORNIA; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; EyUIPflEMT;
JACILITY; HA2AKDGUS; LAuOBATOiiY; LA*; MANAGEMENT; MONITOfi; SAMPLING
«E1HOOS; STOKAGE; TfiANSPOBT; TREATMENT
(14) HIEhAiCH TERMS: 1HA; 1KB; Ull
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4l98t>
(16) CITATION: 6(3):8-10, May/June 1977.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 04272b
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY: 14 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE IlTLc.: The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976 public law 94-580.
(4) AUTHOR: Easton E
(6) JGUKNAL TITLE: Waste «ge
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. *EAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A summary and analysis of the Resource conservation
and Hecovery Act of 1976, Public Lai. 94 5«0, is presented. The law is
described section by section, and tiie way in which it may affect those
involved in solid waste managements is noted. Suotitle A includes
definiations or terms used in ttie law which often do not conform to
converiticanl usage; other general provisions permit interstate ayencies
to carry out any provisions *uicfl may be carried out by individual
states as approved by Congress and the Environmental Protection Agency
(EtA). Subtitle B outlines the authorities 01 tee EPA Administrator.
the nazardcus waste management provisions of Subtitle C are ttie most
iaiortaut sections of the new law; they concern those wno generate
hazardous wastes, transport, stores, treat, process, or disposes of
such wastes. Subtitle D is designed to assist in developing and
encouraging methods tor the disposal of solid waste. State
participation in Subtitle D planning process is essential to the
orderly phaseout of open dumping. Subtitle i. directs the Secretary of
Ccitfflerce to patlisii guidelines ior developing specifications ror
classifications of recovered materials. Under Subtitle i, all procuring
agencies are required to purcuase items composed or the highest
percentage of recovered materials. Subtitle G includes miscellaneous
provisions which apply to ail aspects of the law. Subtitle H contains
IPA's authority to conduct research, development, demonstration, and
information programs in aspects of solid waste management.
(12) KEYWOKLS: DISPOSAl,; DUMPING; EPA; fEDKHAL; tt A!i AttDOUS; LAW;
MANAGEMENT; HEtLASATOIN; 6i,FUSE; uiiShASCH; SOLID; STATE
(14) HlEBAfii.tl ItBMS: 1iU; 1L1>/2LD; ItA/ZAB
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOSi*17o9
(16) CITATION: 3(l):2-4, t>, d, 13-15, Jan. 1977.
(1) SWIKS-ACC.NO. : 042722
(2) DOriESTlC: f (2) CATEGuaY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S
(3) AHTICLt TITLE: Sources, cuaracteristics ai.d treatment ai.a
disposal of industrial wastes containing hexactiorobenztne.
(4) AUTHOa: yuinlivan Sc
(6) JCUHiSAL TITLE: J Hazardous Materials
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) rUB. l^JiAJ*: 1977
(11) AbS'ISALl: A stuay to identify the sources and characteristics
or manufacturing wastes containiu-.j hexachlotobeuztnt (HCB) and to
review and document methods currently used ror treatment and disposal
ct HCti wastes, was made. Trie chlorinated solvents and pesticide
industries were round to account lor nearly all KCb wastes proaucea
(4,305 tens per year) by the 14 uiaustnts reviewed as sources o£ hCB
wastes. Haste sotrage methods which are used prior to ultimate dis^psai
include storage cf solid waote cubes under plastic cover ana use of
95
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
»ater covt-red lagoons. Methods for transportation or UCb wastes include
use oi forklitt, trucK, pipeline, neated tanX trucks and rail, Ultimate
fcaste disposal methods include land disposal, incineration (witfo 01
without by product recovery), resource recovery, discharge to municipal
sewage treatment plants, and emission tc the atmosphere. The majority
ci the aCB wat,te handled by tnfe industrial facilities reviewed is
currently dispcsea of in two industrial landiills using a soil cover oi
4 to 6 ft. nit i! a polyethylene iiln placed at at.pr uxiaately the
niddepth of the soil cover. Incineration at a sufficiently elevated
ttaperature can effectively destroy HCB; Hydrogen Chloride as a
ty-product.
(12) KEXWORiS: CHLORINE; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; INCINERATION; LaMD;
CBGANIC; PL ANX-JL NDUSTitl AL ; SToiUCiji; TuANSPOKT; TKjiiTitENT
(14) HlEKARCh TEHHS: 1HA; lPa/2PA; ISA
{15) STIHS ACL.NO.: OOS41765 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Ghasserai a
(16) C1TATICS: 1 (4) : 3^-jaa, Mar. 1977.
(1) ShldS ACC.NO.; 042595
(2) DOMESTIC: ti (2) CATiJJOjiJ: 09 (2) SUBJ.lYt'E: G
(3) AiiTICLK 1ITLE; Conelusiona-discussion of results.
(t>) BOOK THILEi In A Survey of Hazardous Hastt Generation : AGIO; cUttl AlNcUi; DISPOSAL; HAiAaDOUS; HOSPITAL;
INCINERATION; KANSAS; METAL; oJ-UuGh; STATE; SUttVfiY; TiiAli JPOK1'; VUi,UrtK
(14) HIEHAKCH TtahS: 1dA/2Hi'; 1 MA/2 MG; 1SO
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS4lbJ«
(16) CITATION: Topeka, Kansas Departoent of riealth and jjnvironiuent,
ear. 1977. p.55-108.
(1) SHIrtS ACC.NO.: 04246t>
(2) DOMESTIC: u (2) LATE^OU*: 09 (2) SUBJ.'i'XVi: S; T
(5) CCSPCSAlt AUTHOli: United StdtfS Testiuj Company, Inc
(6) BOOK TI'iLii: Toxicologicai and skin corrosion testing of
selected hazardous materials.
(&) N1IS NO.: t'b 264 975 (8) IiriPOR'I NO.: lXiI/Hia/OhftC-7t»/<2 (9)
CCNlbACT NO.: tOT-OS-30077
(10) LANGUAGt: EN (10) i'Jfl. KiA&; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Selected toxicologies 1 tests war»= undertaKeu on
twelve organic cnonicals in animal*, to dttermine ii tiifese qualified as
hazardous materials accofdiny to the Departiser,t or TrcinsportatAoii
hazardous Materials keguiat^ous. Overall toxicolo.jic.-il and skin
ccrrojj.on ttsts results ate summarized, lue twelve matfciiais studied
fccre benzene, cenzene salroi.ic acid, l-cnLoro-mtroneuze^e,
chlocopicrin, tthyl benzene, aonochiocoacetic acid, nitrooenzenc,
fhenol, styctne, toluene-z, 4-diiaocyuatt (11)1) , tricul oroacetic acid,
and octho-xyiere. Paraaetecs utilised in the touts wtsre (1) toxic., tj by
96
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TRANSPORTATION
iahalation, (2) toxicity by oral ingestion, (3) toxicity by skin
absorption, and (4) skin corrosion. Procedures, descriptions and
detailed results are given, (uetained in SHIH3 library)
(12) KEYWOfiDS: ADMINISTRATION; ANIMAL; CHEKICAL; ChLOttlNe; DATA;
iffECT; fEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; IN VJiSTl(,AriOl,; Kt&ATIN; &ITROGEJS; ORGANIC;
fHJBHOL; SULfUfi; 1OXIC; TRANSPORT
(14) HIEBAECH TERMS: 1HA/2HH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41S2*
(16) CITATION: Washington, U.S. Department of Transportation, Apr.
1976. 28 p.
(1) SHIKS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 26 (2) SUBJ.'i'ifE: T
(5) COHPORA1E AUTHOE: UM CoaiB/T rans of Dangerous Goods
(6) BOOK TITLE: Transport of dangerous goods. (8) BEPGiiT HO.:
S1/ECA/4J-E/CN ,2/170
(10) LASGUAGi: EH (10) PUB. XJJaK: 1976
(11) ABS1HAC1: Recoaaendations, vhicb are based largely on exi
regulations and on work undertaken by various organizations, are
addressed to g cvecnnents and to tUe international organizations
concerned with the regulation ot the transport of dangerous ^ooda.
Although the r eccaaendations do not constitute an international code,
these do represent a broad and flexible framework for current, or
revised, or newly established reyulations, with a naxinum or
uniformity. Principles underlying tne regulation of dangerous goods
transport are given, and the need tor a certain uniformity at tut world
level for all nodes of transport in regard to classification and
definitions or the classes, listing of the principal aangeroui. goods,
packing and labelling and shipping papers, is stressed. Special
reconnendat ions on explosive ana pesticide transport are considered.
(feetained in Shias liorary)
(12) KEYWORDS: CLASSIFICATION; CBJTEfilA; DEFINITION; EXPLOSION;
HAZARDOUS; INTERNATIONAL; L1CBNSK; «ANUU; EESTlCIDi; EE5ULAT10NS;
IfiANSPOBT
(14) HIEKAiJCU TERMS: 1LB/2LI.; 1 HA/2 «C ; 1TF
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41472
(16) CITATION: New Y.ork, United Nations Publication, 197t>.
(1) SBIfiS ACC.NO.: 0
(2) DOHESTIc: D (2) CATEiiOSY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: T
(3) AKTICLi; TITLE: Hail carrier hazardous cateiidls
(4) AUTHOR: teitlein LH
(6) BOOK TI1LE: In fitd Book on Tiansportdtion or Hazardous
Katerials.
(10) LANGUAGEi SN (10) PUri. iiitth: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations
en the rail transport of hazardous Materials, and a legislative histor)
cf these art given. Amendment and extensive revision to the neyuldtious
art cited. Federal criteria in regards to rail transport include
shipping papers, special placarding, loading and unloading
specifications, special events (rire leaks) specifications, and
handling oz cars during switching operations.
(12) KEYHORLS: FEOEHAL; HAZARDOUS; SAIL HAUL; u£ii UL AIIONS ;
3iANSPOiiT
(14) HIEEARCH TERMS: iHA; ITF/^iK
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41401
(16) CITATICN: Boston, Caftners aooks International, Inc., 1977.
r. 153-159.
(1) SWIKS ACC.MO.:
(2) DCMESTIt.: D (2) CATitiOrtY: Oy (2) SUBJ.T YfE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Motor carrier nazardous requireaieats.
(4) AUTHOR: teirlein Lh
(6) 300K TITLE: In Red book on Transportation or Hazaidous
Materials.
(10) LANGUAGE: EB (10) i>JB. itAtf: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Motor carEj.ec Hazardous Materials oriterid die
*ith, and the U.S. Department of Icasisporta tion (DOI) regulations,
Kctoi Carrier Safety Heguiations i>«y CJrfa Part 397) , and tne ticiza
37
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Jiateriais Regulations (49 CFB Parts 172 and 177) are discussed. A
legislative history of. this aspect of hazardous aaterials transport is
given. Binding on both connon and private carriers, DOT safety
regulations apply not only to classification, packaging, and labeling,
but also driver gualification, driving of motor venicles, parts and
accessories, loading, reporting of accidents, hours of service
(drivers), and inspection and maintenance. The Hazardous Materials
Regulations are applicable to shippers, responsibility in motor
transport of hazardous naterials. criteria, sucn as shipping papers and
placarding are considered. Tiae Imitations on transport and delivery
art discussed, and regulation stipulations on special events, such as
disabled vehicles, or leaning packages are cited.
(12) KfcKMOhUS: FEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; rfiGULATIGNS; SAFETY; THAKSfOBT;
IBOCK
(14) HIEKAKCH TERMS: 1HA; 1Xt/2IM
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS41400
(16) CITATION: Boston, Cauners Books International, Inc., 1977.
p. 137-152.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 0423S6
(2) DOMESTIC; 0 (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPfi: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLEj Shipment or hazardous materials by air.
(4) AUTHOR: Beirlein LH
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Hed Book on Transportation or Hazardous
Materials.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. YEAE; 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Regulations dealing with the air transport of
hazardous materials are discussed, and a brief legislative history
concerning safety in air transportation is given. While a large portion
cf air regulations on hazardous saterials handling are binding upon the
air carrier, specific shipper requirements are detailed: these include
special processing (duplication) of shipping papers, classification,
and proper handling of hazardous materials for ''passenger carrying'1
and '"cargc only" aircraft, packaging, and labeling for air shipment.
Restricted Articles Tariit No. 6-u is cited, and the basic principles
ci thfe international Air Transport Association restricted articles
requlations arc qivec.
(12) KEYHORES: AIRCRAFT; FEDiJiAL; HAZAfiDOUS; INTEHNATIQNAL;
iEGULATIONS; TBANSPOBT
(14) HIEKAJJCh TEfiHS: 1HA; 1T£/2TH
(15) STIHS SCC.MO.: OOS41J99
(16) CITATION: Boston, catiners oooks International, Inc., 1977.
f. 129-136.
(1) SHIfiS ACC.NO. : 042J55
(2) D08ESTIC: D (2) CAIiiiiOHi: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Shipment of hazardous materials by water.
(4) AUTHOR: Eeirlein Ltf
(6) HOOK TITLE: In Hed riook on Transportation of Hazardous
Haterials.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) *Ub. KEAfi: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Regulations dealing with the transport of hazardous
naterials by water are discussed. Revisions of and amendments to the
O.S. Department c£ Transportation (OOT) criteria code (49 CFH Part 17t>)
are given. Although DOT regulations apply in general to nost hazardous
materials shipaents, conflicting codes and criteria may exea^t a
shipper from aeeting full JJO'I reyuireaents. Ejceaptions are stressed and
include those hazardous materials being imported, exported, or passing
through the United States which (1) may be shipped under the
requirements of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization's International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IttCO IMOG
Code); (2) nay be shipped with specifications packaging oarxin^s not
directly affixed (DOT, Part 176), but may be securely attached to
package; (3) may meet the IflCO requirements when a. single part area is
98
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TRANSPORTATION
involved; and Ik) say receive cecti.iicatj.on according to the IMt-G
Code in lieu or U.S. certification.
(12) KEfWO&tS: FEQEKAI.; iU2AtfDOUS; IMIEkhATIGtl Ai.; KKGULAIIOSS;
£HIE; TRANSPORT; WATER
(14) HIERARCH TERBS: 1HA; 1TF/2XL
(15) STIflS ACC.NO,: 00341390
(16) CITATION: boston, Caaners Books iiiterndtional. Inc., 1977.
r. 123-128.
(1) SHIHS ACC'.NO.: 0*2354
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2) CAIUiOii*: 09 (2) SUBJ.TXtE: T
(3) ARTICLE IITLE: Hazardous matecials packaging.
(4) AUTHOR: Eeirlein LH
|6) BOOK 1'1'iit: la Red book on Transportation OL Hazardous
Hatenals.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) tUB. YilAa: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: packaging selection and cecomaier.dati.ons foe tne salt
transport of regulated hazardous adtecials ace yiven. Public satety
considerations and potential liabilities ace stressed in ce^acd to
ccipliance nitii Federal cegulatioas on packaging, aua corporate
(shipper) ctspoiisiflility lor ^ackd^iu^j selection. Becoomtnded
procedures ace hazardous oatecial classification, snipping name
cateqocization, and paclcaqing selection in accordance witn U.i.
Eepartment of Transpoctatioa (UUT) ^pecificatiou packayiuy rejulatioua.
A suiaacy o± UGT specification pacxaginy, including specification
cuubfet, type of container, ana ceterence to the current section ot DOT
regulation wnece that specification may be louua, is jiven. Containers
coveced include cacboys, inside containers, inside liners, cylindecs,
drums, cases, wooden drumo, wooden uoxts, fiuerboara boxes, bags,
cverpacks, portable tanks, ana tanx cars aad trucks.
(12) KiiYWOJJLS: CLASSlflCAl'IOM; CONTAINER; t«J.T£hlA; fELliiiiAt;
BAZARDOUS; PACKAGING; SPECIFICATION; TRANSPORT
(14) HIEEARCH TERHS: 1CI; 1HA; 1Tf
(15) SUBS MX.NO.: OOS41J97
(16) CITSTICy: Boston, Canners tsooks Inttrnational, Inc., 1977.
p.53-B2.
(1) SBIdS ACC.HO.: 04^353
(2) OCBESTIC: D (2) CAXEiiOKX: 09 (2) SUBJ.Tii-E: I
(3) AHTICLE HTLt: Identification and classification of. materials.
(4) AUTUCB: £eiclein Lh
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Red booK. on Iransportatiou of Hazardous
Eateciais.
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The process or identification aiid classixicatiou of
hazardous materials for transport as pertains to the snipper, carrier,
and packaging aanutactuc&r, and to the regulatory responsibility of the
U.S. Department of Transportation (i)OT) is delineated. Snipping
criteria ace idtntitication or tue chemistry and properties of tne
nateriai; classification of tnat material according to the OUT
cequlaticns; selection of tue proper DOT shipping name; selection of a
packaqiuq authorized for tnat snipping narot; marking and labeling of
that package for shipment; preparation of shipping documents to
accompany the package; certiiicdtion of tne propriety of the shipment
and tender the pacxage and certified paperwork to tne carrier; and
determination of proper plaoarding and supply placards to the motor
carrier. General classes of regulated hazardous materials which fail
under DOT discretion are (1) explosives, liguid and solid; (2)
tlaimables, liquid, solid, and gaseous, and combustible liquids; (3)
tcisons, liguid, solid, and gaseous; (4) corrosive materials, liquid
and solid; (5) ozidizers, liquid and solid; (6) irritating materials,
liquid, solid, and gaseous; (/) radioactive materials, liguid, solid,
and gaseous; (8) etiologic agents, iiguiu and soiiu; (9) nonflaomaole
99
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
compressed gas ts ; (10) organu peroxides; and (11) otutt rei,ulateu
naterials (OKH) .
(12) KiiYKORtS: ADMINISTRATION; CHEMICAL; CLaS i>Ii IcsIION; CiiiTiitti^
i£UEHAl; HAZAaLOUS; LAW; tsADIo ACTIV t; H^GULATIONS; Tti/iN Si-OKT
(14) HltKABCU TSiiMS; 1HA; ITi
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: UOS41J9fa
(16) C1TATICN: Boston, Cauners Books International, Inc., 1977.
p.33-46.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: 042352
(2) OCMtlSTIC: 0 (2) CAXtviOHY: 09 (2) SUtfJ.TlfPh: T
(3) AHTICLE TIILt: Tne wnat, »ho, wnere, when, why or hazarduus
aatecials transpcrtation regulations.
(4) AUTHOR: Eeirlein LI.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In tied book on Transportation of Hazardous
flattrials.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) j?Ub. KEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: General regulatory aspects or hazardous materials
transport are presented, iteiiuitiou and authoritative bodies concerned
with hazardous transport regulation^ art considered. Ajj^lication or tu
transport regulations to shippers, earners, and pacKayiny
Banufacturers is specifically dealt with, as well at. the rationale or
the regulations themselves.
(12) KEYWORDS: ADHINISTIiAlIOti; Wfit'XNITICN; ttDttiAL; HA^AttDoUS;
BEGULAXIONS; SAFETY; TRiMSPOKX
(14) HIEEARCH TEttMo: 1HA; 1L&/^LD; 11f
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OUS4Uy5
(16) CITATION: Boston, manners Dooks Internatioiial, Inc., 1977.
F.21-J2.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 042J51
(2) DOB£3TIC; D (2) CAIEGOUX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TifE: T
(4) AUTHOR: fiierlein LW
(6) BCOK TIILE: fied booK on Transportation ui iiazamous Mate*.iala.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN f 10) t>Ufl. KEAH: 1^77
(11) AoSTRACT: Hazardous uaterials transport rejUiations, and
explanations, applications, ana rationale or tnese art presented,
Authoritative government agencies responsible for rfc^ulation or
hazardous materials handliny are cited; however, smct tun rocus is on
transport, the primary regulatory nody aealt with is the U.S.
Cepartuent of Iransportation [DOT) . Tne role and legislative uistor % or
UOT are outliata, and its responsioilrties in atrirnative re^uireaents,
as well as prohibitions, affecting all aspects or tue transport ox
hazardous materials, and the people relateu tc taat transport are
delineated: these aspects include tue identificatioii, classification,
description, packing, marking, labelling, and snipping docuuentation
for the aaterials, as well as the handling oL the materials in transit
ty carriers, such as carrier placarding, carrier loaaiiiy and storage OL
the naterials, vehicle sarety standards, and driver qualifications.
Accident and incident reporting requirements are dealt with tor all
carriers in the event of unintentional spillage or release or na^didous
lattriai from its packaging, riesiuirtments arid licensing procedures for
all modes of hazardous materials transport, as well as iuonetaiy
penalties for specific failures in ^hipmtnt criteria, are yivtu. i'ht
fcazardous flateriais Transportation Act is presented, and tiit eaergency
response system CBEMTRiit. (Cueaicai Transportation Eaeryency Center) is
reported on. (hetamed in SkltiS irurary)
(12) KEifcOHDS: AUaiNISTfiAl'lOw; CLA SSli ICATION; CulTEhlA; /ttDfihji^;
il«i,; HAZARDOUS; LAW; LIC£NSii; aAi'jiiilALS hANULI^U; MOSITOS; rACKaGING;
6EGULAXICN3; SAFETY; SPILLAuK; TkAttSPOil
(14) Bli'fiAHCH IKKMS: 1HH; 1ia/2LD; Hi1
(15) STIKS ACC.NO.: OOS4U94
(1b) CITATICN: Boston, Canners aooks International, Ijio. , !97/.
£60 p.
100
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TRANSPORTATION
(1) SMIBS ACC.NO.: 042181
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYr'E: G
(3) ABTIU.K UTiE: The hazardous waste uaniiest systeai.
(4) AUTHOR: Andres Dh
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Haste age
(10) LANGUAGi: EM (10) tJB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Features of tne proposed standard manifest form
required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) to
identify the quantity, composition, and origin of hazardous waste
during its transportation rrou point ot generation to point of storage,
treatment, and disposal are discussed and the use of this control
document is reviewed. The intent or the manifest system is to provide a
closed Icop reporting aethod covering the total movement of hazardous
hastes. Becent legislation places continuing liaoility toe j.roper
disposal nith the generator. The procedures whicn must be followed for
the reporting cf generation, transportation, and receipt or such wastes
ace noted. Advantages of a single page, combination manifest/bill of
lading are examined. The protection or proprietary information when
using the manifest is a latter of concetti and the need to restrict tht
dissemination cf such infornation uas been recognized cy the uesource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
(12) KEY WOE US: CONTROL; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; LAM; HnNAOc.Ki.Nr;
STOBAGI; SYSTEB; TRANSPORT; TtttATBiiNT
(14) HIEKAKCH TEfiflS: 1HA; 1j.fl/2LU; 1«A/2«B
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS41225
(16) CITATION: 8(2):24, 28, Peb. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041643
(2) DOBESTIC: U (2) CAttiiORY: 09 (2) SUBJ .Xit'I,: X
(U) AUTHOR: Helsted Ski (10) GJiO. AREA: 1SJ (10) PUb. ]fi,AK: 1 !>77
(11) ABSTBACI: An analysis or previously pucli^hed data is
presented as is an attempt to suou that the transfer or cadmium from
the soil to corn grain and from corn grain to pheasant tissue may be
expressed, and predicted, through logarithmic rela tionsmps. ridximum
loading rates foe sewage sludges on land will be inrluenced by tue
degree to which crops will absorb hazardous elements rrom sludge
a»tnded soils and the degree to which animals wi.ll aosoro these same
tlesents frca grain and xorage; aonitoriny disposal ^itea similarly
assu»es the ability to predict metal aovement ttnou^a the food cnciin.
(12) KEYyOHDS: ANALYSIS; AtlltUL; CHOE>; DISPOSAL; £AUTH; iFFECl;
fOCD; HAZABWDUS; LAND; BATUEHATlCAi BUUEI; METAL; MOMTOh; PaoJ£CTION;
S1UDGB; SOIL CCNCITIOMER; ThANSPOhT; UTIII2E
(14) HIEBABCH T£HHS: 1SI/2S9
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOSU0687 (15) StCONOAKY AUTtiOttS: ainesly TD;
lyler JJ
(18) DOC.CI1.: Helsted, S. w. , T. i). Hinesly, and J. J. Tyler.
Cddmiua transfer froa sewage sludge-amended soil to corn grain to
fheasant tissue. In Loehr, n. C. Laud as a baste Management
Alternative: Proceedings of tne 1976 Cornell Agricultural Waste
Hanageaent Conference. Ann Arbor, HI, Ann Arbor Science Publishers lac.
, 1977. p. 199-208.
(1) SblRS ACC.MO. : 04U16
(2) OOSKSTIC: i> (2) CATiWOtaY: 14 (2) SUBJ.Ti'tE: G (10) (ii.0.
16£*: 1HA; 1LE/2LU (10) fUB. YEAK: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous material regulations promulgated oy tttt
Iepart»ent cf Transportation (COT) are reported. DOT'S Materials
Transportation bureau publisned a final consolidation of Hazardous
•aterial regulations that became etrective on July 1, 197i>. Compliance
kith certain portions or tne regulations do not oeoome ertective until
1977 and 1979. Proponents 01 tne pnased approach adopted in
thecegulaticns are discussed, as w«ll as those wtio taxe issue witu the
etftctive dates. Provisions of the regulations are concerned with
review and training, depletion ot stocn (pacnages and shipping paper),
tariffs, placarding, and exertions. Inrormation on tne effective nates
101
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
cf these provisions is detailed, classes of hazardous Baterial ace
listed. (Retained in SHIRS library)
(12) KEYHQftCS: EPA; FEDEitAL; HAZARDOUS; REGULATIONS; TRANSPORT
(14) HIEEARCH TERMS: JTF/2TH
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS40360
(18) IOC.CI1.: Departaeat ot Transportation. Consolidation of
hazardous materials regulations. Federal fiegister, 41(123), June 24,
1S76. Hashington, U. 3. National Archives, 1976. 2 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 04103d
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAIEGOHY: 24 (2) SUBJ.l'YPE: S; T
(4) AOTflOfi: Hilson GR (10) GEO. AREA: 1LC; 1SI/2S2 (10) PUli.
HEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Problems involved in evaluating the impact of land
disposal of sludge OB ground Mater Duality are assessed, witn
particular eaphasis on ayaroiogical aspects. The behavior and late oi
coataaiuants are considered to be 01 aajoi importance in evaluating the
hydrological aspects of ground water contaaination. Constituents of
sludge percolate are identixied. Hydrological studied on ground water
contamination are reviewed. It is concluded that factors governing the
cheaical and transport behavior or contaminants through the zoae 01
aeration and in the aguiier are significantly complex and that there
appears to be little prospect oi accurately predicting such behavior
prior to the emplacement of Sludge. Tuis nay be rectified by the
continuation of theoretical ana laboratory studies and, in particular,
iy the accumulation of data rroa rield investigations.
(12) KEYHORCS: CONTAttlNAlE; CRITERIA; DISPOSAL; EFFECT; GROTS!)
SATEfi; HAZARDOUS; HYDROLOGY; LAND; LtACH; PERCOLATE; RESEARCb; SLUDGE;
IBASSPGRT
(14) HIERARCU TBfiHS: 1Sil/2SK
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS"»0102
(18) DOC.Cll.: Uilson, £. R. Impact of land disposal of sludges on
qrcundwater. In U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proceedings; the
1975 National Conference on Municipal Sludge Management and Disposal,
•toaheiB, CA, Aug. 18-20, 1975. Hoc&ville, Ml), Iiirurination Transfer,
Ice. , 1975. p. 19J-199.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041057
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; 24 (2) SUflJ.TKPE: S; X
(4) AUTHOR: Heddle Bh (10) GEO. AREA: UC; 1 SU/2SK £10) POb.
1EAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The land disposition of sewage sludge and its
environnental effects are addressed. Two projects of the Environmental
Protection Agency are reported, one pro-ject was designed to determine
the capacity ot solid waste to assimilate the moisture in liquid sludge
aad septic tank puapings and significant factors affecting that
capacity; opti»u« Beans tor nuisance free adaixture of liguid sludge
kith solid waste in a landfill; effects of combined iiguid sludge and
solid waste disposal on the environment, landfill operating
efficiencies, and personnel performance; effects or iiguid sludge on
landfill compaction; and the most economically reasible aetnods for
transporting and disposing of liquid sludge. The other project was
ccEcerned with the environmental, impact ot nixed sludge and soil waste
and sludge only disposal siteo. Xtte first project is complete, while
the second project is ongoing. Supporting tabulat data are provided on
the predicted absorptive capacity 01 municipal refuse as received at
cceanside landfills; average liguid sludge and soild waste generation
tatts for 1973 and 1985; and tae results of a sluuge, leachate, and
ground water sample analysis.
(12) KEYKORCS: ANALYSIS; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EFfECT; ENVIkO nldii NX;
EPA; GROUNU HATER; HAZAHDGU5; LuACa ; PROGRAM; EK3EAHCH; SANITAiilf
iAMCMli; SLUDGE; TRANSPORT
(14) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1SI/2S2
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: UOS40101
(18) COC.CII.: rfeddle, b. R. Environmental effects or sluage
disposal in sanitary landfills. In U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Proceedings; the 1975 National Conference on Municipal Sludge
Bacaqeaent and Disposal, Anaheim, CA, Aug. 18-20, 1975. RocKvilLe, AO,
lafotBation Transfer, Inc. , 1975. p. 168-192.
112
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|1) SWIflS ACC.NO.: 040yl7
(2) DOMESTIC; 0 (2) CAItGOux: 10 (2) SUbJ.TKP*;: S; 'I
(4) AUTHGK: Jxausa G (10) Gi.u. AHtiA: 1ED; li'F (10) t'OB. YEAH:
(11) ABSTRACT; The environmental processes and etrtcts related to
advanced lossil fuels are addressed in a meeting report of the Advanced
fossil Fuels Sector Group. Tut? meeting was ntid on August 25, 1976 in
Las Veqas, Nevada. Components 01 the environmental processes and
effects proqram include pollutant c-aaracteri/.tition, measurement and
Bcnitorinq, en vironaental transport processes, health urlccts,
ecological effects, and integrated assessment. Ihe o.ajor problem or the
program is ttie extremely ditticalt development or an index or toxicity
tcr organiCE because of the large fiumoer of complex variables involved.
Studies on the physical aud cueaicai characterization of advanced
fossil ruels residuals and products, directional modeling aud suale oil
adscrptj.cn, health effects, and ecological effects are cited. Studies
en carcinogens are also noted, including trie identification of
tazardous aqeuts, rapid Biological screening systems, metabolism and
fate, hazards analysis (dose and effect) , and Decuariisras of damage aud
repair.
(12) KEYnOHLS: ANALYSIS; oUjtWiNo; CL«SS1F ICal'IUt! ; CON c thtNCE ;
EMISSION; ENVIfiONttiiNa; FUSblL FUEL; GASSriS ; HAZAiiDOuS;
BOSITOH; POLLUTION; TwAflStOhT
(14) HIShARCH XKkMS: U-jtucy,
Cct. 1976. p. 23-25, 97-107. (In ter agency Enery y-Lnvj.ronaient Researcu
and Development series. )
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 040847
(2) UOMfiSTIC; D (2) 1-ATtiiOfaK; 10 (2) SUuJ.T '/i?£; S; T (10) m;
ASEA: IUS/2NJ; 1US/2KY/JNY (10) PUB. YEAH: 1976
J11) AiiSlRACT: Ine aaverse etitcts or. an and water quality,
resultinq irom the construction aud operation 01 regional sluaje
processiny facilities, are inve^tiyated. It is relt taat advtrst
effects on air quality caj.aot be avoided. Suspenaea particuiates from
tlie pyrolysis ot sludge will ue eaitted, even II ui^,n energy vtaturi
Ecruobers are used, it is estimated tuat particulate levels will
increase by 500 tons per year la the New ior* City and Nei, Jersey
*etropoiita r. region, an 0. 5 percent increase over tiistinj
levels. Even witn proper controls, veaicies transpoctiJiy
tesidues, and ctifcaicals will rfmit part icula tt^. oamon uionoxiae, aud
hydrocarbons. Lcnstruction activities will increase atscospueri-j dust
and qas levels. Deterioration in water quality depends on sucii
variables as existing levels, or pollutants in lect-iviiiy wattr, tue
volume o± water passing through a discaarqe point, and yuantities aud
kinds of pollutant^ released uy a facility. Concer; tiatious ci bou
(Dicchemical oxyqeri denaiid) loliowiny siutstreaa trtatmt-nx are expected
to equal 30 rag/1 the maxiniuis permissible level by t.ew Yors staaaatas.
Rercur y will also ae releaatu to iec;eivin'-, wateis in scrubber
sidestreams, t;>t; t;xact auouat depending on its fora i!i sludge aud trie
treatment scrurctr water i.tccj.vei>.
(12) KEYkORivS: .UK; Liiiihit-i-.L; liri-KCT; thViaONKtN'l; irtLlLlTt;
; MANAGhHENT; Sth JLdSdi; t.EW YOhK; tLANMSo; fOLLUTIUN;
PifUJiiCT TOM; PYctUiiSlS; a£.Uj.u:i AL; JiLSlDUi.; SLUDGE; TUAMj POrt T ;
i/ATfa
(14) HlfiHAKtH TEEMS: 1AL; 1ptt; IhA
(15) SUMS ACc.NO,: OOS39o91
(18) DOC ,C11. ; Adverse envirouaental effects oi proposed
Ipyrolysis) plan. In Phast z import or Itcnnicai Investigation of
Alternatives for New York-New Jersey "Ae trcpoiitai: area iifcwayt Siuuyt-
L'isposai Kauageraent Program. Boston, «H, camp Dresser a ud HcKee, June
197fa. p. VII. 129-V1I. ijQ.
103
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIiiS ACC.NO.: Oi.079b
(2) 0CHESTIC: if (2) UU'LGutii: 09 (2) SUhJ.TYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHGH: Eavifes D« {10) GfcO. ABEA: 11F (10) PUB. YEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: I'fie national aazardous waste problem and the
unavoidaclfc need to transport iiyuid wastes tor off site disposal are
described. Practical aeasures tor tne avoidance of hazards during
transportation are given, including: (1) accurate waste description;
(2) correct vehicle design aud selection; (3) vehicle marking; and (4)
effective technical control and emergency procedures. Practical ease
studies are presented descriiJxng incidents that uave arisen and tue
conclusions to ue drawn irom tneu. iuree tables, out riyure and tnree
appendices ate presented.
(1EONSIBILITY; STri'Iii; TEC IIHOLCGI
HIERAiiCH XEttHS: 1Lb/2il>
(15) STIriS ACC.NO.j; OOS39546
(1ti) DOC .CIl.i U. S. congress, resource conservation aua fcecovery
flct of 1976 (Title II of Public La* 94-680). 94th Cong. , Oct. 21,
1976. (Washington, U. S. Government Printing office, 1976. ) 47 p.
(1) SW1R3 ACC.NO.: 040<*a7
(2) DCfli-STIC: D (2) CATiiGOdl: 14 (2) SUbJ.TYfh: G (10)
a«IA: 1HG (10) r'JB. YEAH: 197*>
(11) AiSlHACT: Provisions oi tue Kesource Conservation and recovery
Act are identified. Tue act is designed to provide technical ana
financial assistance ior tae aevelopafent c£ aianaytmtnt i-lans and
facilities, for tue recovery of energy and otner resources rrom
discarded aatcrials and lor the sate disposal or diocarded matej-'iai^.,
and to regulate tne management oi hazardous waste. General provisions
cf the act are outlined, ana .seven otuer Lasic concerns or the act are
delineattd: (1) Cfrice or Solid Mastt and functions ct its
administrator and resource recovery and conservation panels; (2)
hazardous waste soa na ye me n t (standaras applicable to transporters of
hazardous waste and owners and operators or hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal laciiitte-s; yerwits for the treatmeut, storage,
and disposal of hazardous waste; and d'atnorizea State hazardous iiaste
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programs); (3) state or regional solid waste plans; (4) duties or the
Secretary of Commerce in resource and recovery; (5) i'ederal
responsibilities; (6) fflisceliaiieous provisions (eaployee protection,
citizen suits, iaminent Laz,
Inc. Assessment of Industrial dazaraous rtaste Practices—Leather
lannincj and Finishing Industry, masuington, U. s. clnvironaental
Erctection Agency, Hov. 1^7o. p. Ub-137.
(1) S«IHS ALC.NU. : 0401U7
(2) UOHBiTIC: 0 (2) CATfcGOtt i: T* (2) SUoJ . T it'E : T
(4) AUTdOfc: Meyers S (10) G£O. AiitA: 1 E.D (10) PU3. YEAiU 197o
(11) ABSTRACT; A summation of tnt EPA solid wastes programs tor the
coming fiscal ytar is presented, by the end of fiscal 1977, studies 01
hazardous waste generation and management practices at 15 industries
and the analysts ot the aata wm. tie coispleted. A series of stuaitd
hill be completed, covering ail applications ot commercial scale
incinerd tors, tne destruction 01 14 difitrent types or hazardous
wastes, toe assessment or chemical treatment methods for wast*i
pesticides anl a project in v.uL^i\ oaci^ostt.i sewage sludaes and wood
wastes were used to produce a soi^. conditioner. Studies oi lano
<3is{.osdl prot)l€ici» will be reported- The lollokin^ publications will be
issued: Hazardous fcaste aanayeaeut utcimon rtaKtts Guidt; docusfcnt.3 on
Hazardous waste transportation, use of public laiida lor disposal,
management dsptcts ot haz^rdoiis waste facilities aau a model state
hazardous waste statute; ana a revised, Sai.itdry Laurtiiii Oesit issued, otiier
-infcrma tion released will coiicein inaustrjal i*a^.te mdna^eiiieajt
assistance, letuse co^lectiou, ^u^ury prcfcltsu^ in ^oiid waste
its
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
aanagement, resource conservation and au eight volume Besource Recovery
Implementation Guide will oe completed.
(12) KEYWORDS: EHEHGY; US VI KONHiNT; iPA; FEutHAL; GCV EHHaEUJT ;
hAZAEDOUS; INCINiiiATlON; HANAiiEflEHX; 2ECLAMATION
(14) HIEiiAECH TERMS: 1HA
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ9231
(18) DOC.CXI.; fleyers, 3. Federal agency charts solid wastts
programs for coning fiscal year. Soliu Hastes Hanageaent, 19(111:48,
~i6t Nov. 1976.
(1) SiilfiS ACC.NO.: 0400oO
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 11 (2) SUBJ.TYPi.; T
(4) AUTHOR: Lewis CR (10| UKU. AKEA: 1IA//;II; 1IC/2I9 (10) PUB.
UAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Incineration o£ industrial chemical waste is
described. The 3M conpany uses a rotary Kiln incinerator with air
pollution control equipment. Incinerations was considered the I jest
•ethod of hazardous waste disposal because it is an excellent method of
disposing cf ail types of solvent contaminated waste, it eliminates
grcuudwater pollution potential tuorn the scrap, and it meets
anticipated pollution control regulations. Host incinration problems
have been overcome in this successrul facility but it is not
reconoended for large quantities of organometals. The seven steps of
taterial handling are described. These are (1) chemical identification,
(2) categorization, (3) segregation, (4) packaging, (5) labeliny, (6)
transportation , (7) handling and disposal. The incineration process is
described, success being dependent on achieving the relatively
consistent temperature retired tor proper oxidation, the complete
lixinq cf combustion gases, adequate retention to permit tne kinetics
cf the combustion reaction to occur, and a proper oxyyen supply. The
air pollution ccntrol process is described, as is the maintenance ol
the primary and secondary comoustion chambers, with an outline of some
cf the problems that occur in ttiea. The principle proclea related to
the air pol
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; BENEFIT; COifiOSIOS; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS;
JNCINEBATION; INDUSTRY; OXIUAXlONj OXYGEN; tOLLUTION ; aEGULATIONS;
BOTAfiY KILN; TBANSPOBT; U1'1J-12E
(14) HIEBAaCH TEKHS: 1CB/2CA/3CA
(15) STiaS ACC.fiO.: OOS39104 (15) SECUNOASY AUXHOttS: Edwards HE;
Santoro MA
(18) DOC.CIT.: Lewis, C. a. , k. £. Edwards, and 0. A. Santoro.
Incineration of industrial wastes. Chemical Engineering,
83(22) : 115-121, Oct. 1976.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 0400.12
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEiiOnY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
t£AB: 1976
(11) ABSlSACi: A representative of the State or Virginia discusses
hazardous waste management at a public meeting held by the
Invironaental Protection Agency on December 11, 1975 in San Francisco,
California. A paper on hazardous waste and its aanageaent is presented.
Consideration is given in ttie paper to tht storage and transport of
hazardous waste, the use or toxic Materials in manufacturing and in
agriculture, and regulatory experiences in Virginia pertaining to watei:
tclluticn ccntrol. Incidents in tue State involving toxic materials are
reported. It is concluded that minimizing the adverse efrects of toxic
•aterials can be enhanced cy altering exposure to auch materials.
Information is therefore required on the Liochemical mechanisms by
which toxic materials afiect living organisms, the iiapact of toxic
nateriais tc which there is environmental exposure, and characteristics
cf existing and evolving toxic materials and how these materials snouid
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fce safely manufactured and nandled. Recommendations ace made for
ieproveients it aud regulation ot hazardous waste management programs.
(12) KEYWORDS: AGaiCULTUtta; CONi'EfiENCE; CONIfiOL; EPA; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; BANAGiHEiiT; A k.T t.HI. Ai*S HANDLING; POLLUTION; REGULATIONS;
STORAGE; TRANSEOBT; VIRGINIA; BATfcfi
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOSJ9J76
(18) DOC.C1T.: Jensen, B. b. Representing the Commonwealth oi
Vicqinia, cr. .hazardous waste management, in Corson, A. S. , t. A.
Savage, and C. A. baygatts, eds. Proceedings; ttie 1975 Public Meetings
en Hazardous Waste Hanageaent, Newark, NJ, Roseuont, IL, Houston, XX,
and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 2. Office ot Solid Waste
Kanagement Programs Publication SW-9p. Washington, U. S. Environmental
Etctecti.cn Aqeccy, 1976. p. 1713-17^5.
SUBJ.TYt>E; G (10) t-UB.
(1) SHIRS AcC.NO.: 0400JO
(2) DOMESTIC: U (2) CA'l'EGOK*: 26
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A representative or the Department or Transportation
discusses hazardous waste aanageaent at a public meeting neld by tae
Environmental Protection Agency on Decembtr 11, 1975 in San Francisco,
California. Two major issues entering the site (liquids or
leachates resulting from waste deposited) cannot leave the site. In
addition to site barriers, provisions have been made for leachate
ccllction, monitoring, and pumping. Operational details of tne
hazardous waste disposal site are presented. The need for enforcing
existing procedures and regulations on hazardous waste disposal is
stressed. Emphasis is also piacea ou the heaitu effects of
hazardous waste disposal. Legal liabilities of wastt generators,
1C 7
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
transporters, and disposers are examined. A question and answer session
fellows the presentation.
(12) KEYWOKES: CALIFORNIA; COflaE&CI AL; CONFIDENCE; COUNT*;
UISEOSAL; iSPA; HAZARDOUS; LICEMSi; LOS ANGELES; A A iiAGEdENT; OPERATIONS
BiSiAHCti; SITiS; TttANSPOitT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00^39055
(16) flOC.Cia.: Tinnan, L. fiepresenting the bKK company, on
hazardous waste management, lu Corson, A. S. , P. A. Savage, and C. A.
taggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public fleeting on hazardous Waste
Callage Dent, tiewar*, NJ, fcosemout, iL, Houston, IX, aud San trancisco,
CA, Dec. 1975. v. 2. Office of Solid rfaste Management Prograns
Publication SW-9p. Washington, a. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1976. p. 1511-1532.
(1) SHIKS ACC.NO.: OU0009
(2) DOMESTIC: o (2) CAXBUO**: 09 (2) SUBJ.TY.PE: s; T (10) PUB.
XEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTHAcT: A representative of the s. .Rose cooperate Coa^aii/
discusses hazardous waste management at a public meeting held by the
icvironaental Protection Agency on liecewber 11, 1975 in San francisco,
California. The company is engaged in a (.royran of decontaminating and
reconditioning used pesticide containers under a ptrmit from the
California Department of Agriculture. 1t is ielt that problems
associated «ith the transportation and storage or Hazardous waste, and
eiployee safety in the reconditioning ot containers can be dealt witu
and that hazardous materials oau be recovered rroia tne waste stceaa and
reused, lie magnitude of the pesticide container disposal problem is
addressed. Two aa-jor recommendations are oadt: (1) review witu cue
Office of Pesticide Programs modiricatious to its existing regulations
to authorize the reconditioning or all used pesticide containers; (2)
adopt guidelines relating to the laud enplaceoent or pesticide
containers. A guestion ana answer session follows the presentation.
(12) KEY SOSES: CGNFEfcENCJE; CONTAINER; ifFECT; £P«; FEDERAL;
KA2ABDCUS; INDUSTRY; rtANACjEttEUT; PEhSONKtL; PESTIC ll>E; ^HOGhAfl;
EfiCLAHATlOfi ; KEMULATIONS; SAiilTY; SICJ{Ali£; THANSPOtiT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSJyOaJ
(18) DOC.CII.: Fleisher, i. J. Eepresenting the S. kose Cooreraye
Cc»pany, on hazardous waste management. In Corson, A. S. , t. A.
Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public Heatings
en hazardous Maste ttauageaent, Newark., NJ, ttosemont, II, uoustou, TX,
and San Fianciscc, C&, uec. 1975. v. 2. Office of Soliu waste
Eanageoent Prograas Publication Sn-9p. Washington, U. S. Enviroaatntal
Erotection Ageccy, 1976. p. 1499-1503.
(1) ShIKS ACC.NO.: 039978
(2) DOMESTIC: I> (2) CATEliOtli; 09 {2) i>Ui>J.TiPE: S; 1 (10) PUil.
K£AB: 1976
(11) ABStfiACl: A representative of the Haloue Company discusses
hazardous waste nanageaent at a public meeting held by the
Environmental Protection Agency on December 9, 1975 in Houston, Texas.
Ihe Halone Company deals exclusively with Haste transportation,
treatment, and disposal. The reclamation of oil by the company is
examined, along vith the escaulisnmcnt cr monitoring wells to pceveut
water coota mnatiuu. The main problem of tne company involves ai r
rather than water pollution. Another significant problem is bemg
careful not to accept any waste that nas a high aromatic content. The
transport of hazardous materials is considered in rtlattou to federal
and state regulations. A guestion and answer session follows tue
presentation.
(12) KEYhORES: Ale; COHdEtJCI ii,; CONf EtiEMCi; OIot'OSAL; ilPA;
bAZABDOUS; BAWiGEBJiNT; HOttl'SUd'. ull; POLLUTION; t^OiiLtHS;
IBAHSPOai; TSEAIKSNT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ9022
(18) liOC.Cll.: Hontgomery, J. ti. Bepresenting the Haione
cii hazardous waste management. la Corsou, A. S. , F. A. Savage, and C.
t. iiaggatts, eds. Proceedings; tae 1975 Public Meetings on Hazardous
Haste Management, Newark, NJ, Kosemont, IL, Houston, TX, and San
franoisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Oliice or Solid waste Hanajfcmfcut
Ercgrans Puclication s»-9p. v»ashingto«, U. S. Environmental trotection
Ageocy, 1976. p. 905-^19.
108
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1RANSPORTATION
(1) SHIUS ACC.IIO. : 039959
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 12) CAIJSSOttX; 09 (2) SUBJ.!**>£: G (10)
IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A representative ot the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency discusses hazardous waste management at a public
•eeting held by the U. S. Environmental protection Agency on December
1, 1975 in Boseucnt, Illinois. Ohio opposes any cut in state proyraas
en hazardous waste. The development o£ hazardous waste. Toe development
cf hazarous waste regulations by States is discussed, and it is
recommended that the 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency taxe action
to support the States in assuring continuity of regulation development
in parallel with Federal programs. Support is given to the concept of
hazardous waste treataent centers, criteria for the design of model
legislation tor both hazardous waste management and enforcement
purposes, provision by the federal Government of a clearinghouse
function to allow industry as well as States to k.uow what other
companies are doing in the field of hazardous waste handling, and the
belief that generators of hazardous waste should oe a tile to develop the
necessary tozicity data. A survey being conducted in Ohio to evaluate
the magnitude of the hazardous waste problem is cited. A question aud
answer session follows tne presentation.
(12) KfcKHORtS: CENTBALI2£0; COMiEKENCE; Cal'i'trila; DATA; iPA;
liCEBAi; GBAHT ; HAZARDOUS; liifOtfMATIOK; INTEK; MANAGEMENT; OHIO;
JROBLBMS; BEGULAliONS; S'lATK; SUhVKY ; TECHNOLOGY; TOXIC; TBANSPOET;
1BIATHENT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ900J
(18) DOC.cn.: Brown, D. fiepresentiag the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency, on hazardous waste management. In Corson, A. S. , p.
A. Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; tne 1975 Public
Meetings on Hazardous Haste tlanagement, Newark, NJ, hoseoont, IL,
Houston, XX, and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Office cf Solid
Haste Management Programs Publication SU-9p. Washington, U. S.
environmental Protection Agency, 1976. p. 661-669.
(1) SHIBS ACC.IIO. : 039953
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAXEGOiiK: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYt-i,: U (10) PUB.
YEAb: 1976
(11) ABSIBACT: A representative of the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency discusses hazardous waste management at a public meeting neld by
the Environmental Protection Agenoy on December 1, 1975 in bosemout,
Illinois. The Minnesota pollution Control Agency, in coordination with
county units of government, has been developing a program to manage tue
State's hazardous'waste. One result from the promulgation of
governmental regulations and technological advances regarding air and
kater discharges is that pollutants will become concentrated in solid
cr semisolid term. The disposal or these residues is considered to iie a
significant new dimension in the management of industrial hazardous
waste. It is felt that Federal standards should ue devised to address
the development ot a national identitication and classification system
fee hazardous haste, expansion of private industry and the improvement
and construction of g hazardous na^tt processing facilities,
transportation of uazardous waste, arid State implementation of
hazardous waste control programs. HecoMmendations are made by the
Cionesota Pollution Control Agency with respect to the preceding
concerns of Federal standards. A guestion and answer session follows
the presentation.
(12) KEYWORDS: Alfi; ASSOC; CLASSIFICATION; CONftRirtCE; CONTROL;
CCUHTY; ChllEUIA; DISCHABGE; tiPA; i£i)£RAL; HA4AUDOUS; MANAGEtttNI;
ellKESOTA; POL1UTION; PKOGUAH; SOLID; HATEH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.; OOSJ8997
(IB) DOC.CI1.: Born, P. Bepreseutiug the Mi line sot a Pollution
Ccntrol Agency, on hazardous waste management. In Corson, A. S. , a. A.
Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public Meetings
CD Hazardous Haste Management, Newark, NJ, Bosemont, IL, Houston, XX,
and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Office of Solid haste
Banagement Programs Publication SH-9p. Washington, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 1976. p. 599-614.
109
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
|1) SWISS ACC.NO.I 039942
12) DOHESTIC: D (2) CAXEGOBYl 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUtt.
11*8: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: 1 representative of the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency discusses hazardous waste management at public:
meeting held by the 0. S. Environmental Protection agency on December
4, 11975 in Bosemont, Illinois. It is pointed out that major emphasis
has been placed io Illinois on the establishment of a supplemental
permit system for the safe emplacement of liquid and certain hazardous
Haste into environmentally sound disposal sites, the development ot
guidelines for managing special and hazardous waste, disposed of: on
land by implementing the Haste exchange concept. Several key problems
and areas of consideration associated with any hazardous waste
management program are addressed. A guestion and answer session follows
the presentation.
(12) KEYWOECS: CONFEEEflCE; CONTfcOL; DISPOSAL; EPA; HAZARDOUS;
ILLINOIS; LAND; LICENSE; LIQUID; MANAGEMENT; PfiOGBAM; uEDUCTION;
BEGUIATIONS; SUES; TfiANSPOBT; VOLUME
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS38986
(18) DOC.cn.: Clark, T. Representing the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency, on hazardous waste management, la corson, A. s. , P.
A. Savage, and C. A. Bagyatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public
Meetings on Hazardous Haste Management, Newark, N J, fiosemont, II.,
Houston, IX, and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Oftice c± Solid
baste Management Programs Publication Sw-9p. Uashington, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1976. p. 455-470.
(1) SHlfiS ACC.NO.: 039906
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEuGBY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) AbSTBACl: The proceedings of 1975 public meetings on hazardous
haste management are reported. The meetings were convened by the
environmental .Protection Agency's Office of Solid Haste Management
Erograms. They were held on December 2 in Newark, New Jersey; ou
Cecember 4 in hosemont, Illinois; on December 9 in Houston, Texas; and
en December 11 in San Francisco, California. The meetings were attended
ty members of the public, representatives of industrial firms tnat
generate hazardous waste, and environmentalists. The objective of tiie
meetings was to obtain and disseminate iniornation and recommendations
en hazardous waste management issues. Sixteen major discussion topics
were addressed during the tour meetings: (1) definition of nazardous
waste; (2) responsibilities and liaoilities of hazardous waste
generators; (3) hazardous waste disposal methods; (4) practices foi
rendering waste harmless; (5) cost data on processes and techniques tor
the treatment and disposal of hazardous waste; (6) safety; (7)
provisions for site monitoring auri recordkeeping; (8) availability of
insurance and other mechanisms to reduce the risk, to operators ot
private hazardous waste facilities; (9) hazardous waste storage and
disposal sites; (10) feasibility methodologies ror establishing limits
en the amount of hazardous waste generated; (11) transportation safety
regulations; (12) labeling; (13) damage costs of improper hazardous
Haste management; (14) mechanisms for soliciting citizen acceptance of
hazardous waste management facilities; (15) hazardous waste generated
ty Federal facilites; (16) involvement of the private sector in the
treatment and disposal or hazardous waste. (fietained in SHIKS library)
(12) KEYHOhCS: CCNFEBENCE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; ENVIKONMfcNX; EPA;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; MANAGEMENT; MATERIALS HANDLING;
CSUHP; PUfaLIC; RESPONSIBILITY; SaFiTY; SITES; TRANSPORT; TKEATMENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS38950
(18) DOC.CI1.: Corson, A. S. , P. A. Savage, and C. A. Baggdtts,
cds. Proceedings; the 1975 Puiilic Meetings on Hazardous waste
Baoageient, Newark, NJ, hosemont. 111, Houston, TX, and San Francisco,
CA, Dec. 1975. 2 V. Office of Solid Haste Management Programs
Eublication SH-9p. Washington, U. S. Environmental Protection Ayency,
1976. 1736 p.
110
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TRANSPORTATION
12 (2) SUBJ.TKi-E:
(10)
(1) SKIKS ttCC.NO.: 039778
(2) DOMESTIC: f 12) LATE JO* X:
YEAH; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A seniuai: entitled "Disposal of Cheaical and
Ecisonous Waste Avoiding the Leyal Pitfalls" has hela in Great ant.ain
recently. An initial inspection of legal aspects 01 waste disposal was
rclloved by a discussion or practical considerations of some disposal
cptions which avoid the legal pitfalls. bite appraisal, physical and
cJienical coapa tibility or wastes, enymeeriny construction and
operation of landiills and deep well disposal were discussed.
Considerations tc be made wheu determminy whether to uurn wastes were
offered, ucean disposal or industrial wastes was supported by one
authority, particularly lor odorous wastes, pnatmactiuticals, cyanide,
and arsenic. Dispersion rroai a. uoat was consideied very satisfactory
and it was pointed out tnat ocean auapiiiy was a veiy -Mali contribution
tc ocean pollution. Developments in tue tLariSfOrta tiori of hazardous
fcastes were discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CriE«I»_AL; iHofGSttL; GhtAl fciiTAIN; HaZARLiOU.3;
INCUSTttY; LAb; OCi.AM; SAFETY; iiANIi'^hl LANDFILL; THASbPOBT
(15) STIOS SCC. (JO.; 00^,38622
(18) DUL-.C!!.: industrial waste — kcw to lost, it legally, surveyor,
(2) SUisJ.TY.Pii: T (10)
(1) SWIrtS AC.C.NU. : 039bb7
(2) DOttESTIC: li (2) CAXJiuOttY: l
Y£AE: 1976
(11) ABSIliACT: U. S. fcieotrical tyuipaent manuidctureis art
for substitutes for trie 27 million pounds of polychlorinated
(PCBs) tney use each year as dielectric rluids in capacitors and
transr oimers. This research has Been prompted bj- tht controversy over
the alleged en vironiuental nazarus 01 PCtis and tiie prospect or tightened
federal controls over their a^fc. Hy aiocacbons, cniorocutylated dipiietiyl
oxides, phtualic esters and silicoues art now undei. investigation as
possible substitutes Lor tCds. Some or tne coiapanies and tueir
processes discussed are: aonsanto's Mi_S 1^38; Dow Chemical's Xr'S 4169L;
kxx.cu Chfciaical 's OIKP; aud Oow-cormny's DC 5&1. I'o date, oowever, it
appears that researchers have found it less difricult to develop a
iluid suitable ror use in capacitors tnat tor use in transformers.
(12) KEYKOuES; CHEMICAL; JLliCt klCAL; EhVIBOSHriCi f; H Atri&£OUiJ;
INCEGANIC; ORGANIC; POLXChLOttiH ATil>; TOXIC; IKANSPOttT
(15) STIHb ACC.NO.: (JOS387J1
(18) DOC.CI1. : The starch it> on for PCB substitutes, chemical
118 (9) :3U-35, feb. 25, iy7b.
09
(2) SUBJ.Tit'E: S (10)
(1) iihIHS ACC.NO.: 0396^5
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAIEJOttY:
J£AE: 1976
(11) ABSIHACT: Sediments in the Haylfc estuary in a historical
tiniuq area or Cornwall have oeen found to contain exceptionally hiju
concentrations of tin, arseuu, copper, lead, tun^ttn, and zinc. lu
this study, the didtnoution of tuese heavy wttals is correlated witn
pollution from past minin-j activity through nine waste aiscnarye into
Etieaas, and cnanyes which too*, place at tht tirat or the development
and the Upton lowans, wnich are two blown sana deposits separated by
the Hayle estuary, one taile and three ri^ures illustrate tne report.
(12) Kr.Y.HOfiDS: CLAY; ^HtAi' bmll hlN ; IiiZAhDOUS; aa'lAL; (iIJi£;
KINEhAL; NON-FEKKOUS; POLLUTION; SAUL; 3 jiDifttNT AilOs. ; TKANSFCkT;
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OJS3db69
(18) 1JCC.CI1.: Yin, k. B. heavy metal accumulation in tne estuarine
sediments in a historical miutny of Cornwall. Marine Pollution
tulletin, 7 (8) , AU.J. 1976.
Ill
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) 3HIKS ACC.NO.;
(2) DCiMESTIC: D (2) CATKtiOB)!: 10 (2) iiUBJ.TifE: S (10) PUb.
1976
ill) ABSTRACT: The carcinogenic potential oi various chemicals in
drinkinq water is addressed, uf the wide array ot chemical, conta lainants
identified in potable water, soot; nave carcinogenic activity as
determined by experimental aniaal studies. Some appear to be
universally distributed both natioaaliy and internationaiiy. SOBS
carcinogenic cheaicals may ue traced back to point .source
contamination, while others way oe xoraed or aayaified to leveis above
those ia raw water supplies during cniorination processes. Some
carcinogenic cbenxcals fall into use classes such as pesticides,
industrial chemicals, and drujs. Hot all cntmicals classitied as navmy
carcinogenic potential, however, can oe assessed witn regard to tneir
equivalent hazaid. Oiirerentiation is necessary to identity those
chemicals that arc well recognized as classical carcinoyens and those
tiiat are ot an equivocal nature waen evaluated in animal studies. Some
chenicais may bt cnaracteriitd as potential carcinoytns on tue ^asis ot
structural relationsnips or anciiiaiy stuaies ou mutaseiiicity. X.at
icteqrated result from multiple carcinoyens in water supplies may uave
additive oi inbibitory propertied.
(12) KEXHORtSi ANaLlf^lS; i.tie.eLL^.a.1; l.IASSlfiLATIOH ; LlS£Ai£; DRUGS;
fc«ZA&DOUS; HEAlib; PESTICIDE; TtfauSPCET; HATEK
(15! STIHS ACC.No.j OOS-Sd^a^
(1d) DOC.CI1.: Krayyul, u. t . urigiu, classification aim
distribution of chemicals in diiu^iity wattr mtn an dst,essmtnt oc tixtir
carcinoqenic pctentiai. In Joiley, ti. L. , ed. Proceedings; tne
Ccnference on the Environioental Impact ot Vnater t-hlorir,ation, Oa K. Rid^e
^atioaal Laboratory, Oct. ^^-24, 1975, cak tidye, TN , Oax.
Saticnal Laboratory, 1976. p.
(1J SKiaS ACL.NO.: OJ914/
(2) UOatlSTIC; LI (2) CAit^OKY; Oy (2) JUoJ.TIr-ii: S; i (10) PUi-.
YEA&: 1976
J11) ABSTfiacT: This data sneet, revised by tue Citemicai Section 01
the National Safety Council, discusses the health uazairds of usiuj
itercury and the pL-€?cautious necessary to avoid these hazards. jiidj-;hasis
is on reducing the ways mercury vapor may yet into tne workroom an.
ilsc discussed are snipping ana cuiitaj.ntr problems, waste disposal,
syatoms ot mercury poisoning, tncesiioid limit values, air saispliui,
techniques, ventilation, pecsoual protection and medical examinations
lot perscns whc toiqht potentially ue exposed to aercury.
(12) KEYWObtbj CCihTiI«EE; COWi'ixOL; h AiAiUOUJ; i^ALi'H; HtivCUhif;
UCNJTOH; OCCUPATION;
(15) SllfiS jiCC.NO
(18) iJOC.ClI. : -.Itrcuty. National Sartty Iscws, 11J (1) : fey-7 !,
1S76.
(1) SKias ACC.JiO.: 0390oJ
(2) UOMfiSTIC; i) (2) t-A'IjiviOttY: 09 (2) SUoJ.irfL: 3; T 11 0) t-Ujj.
V£*E: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Tne collection, transi-OLt, and diGt-ot>al or toxic ui
hazardous liquid, seaiisoiia, and luaastiiai waste art aadressea. It. is
felt that the troductr of s,ucn wasct and thost vno haniie tht wastt art
responsible foe any pollution wnicu siay result m collection,
transport, and disposal. Liquid industrial »aste is denned to iuclude
residues, Byproducts, ana unsalable tcoiiuct:s from Manufacturing for
which there is uc furtuei ecoaomic use, includiii.j concentrated
pollutants from air and watct cleaning 0,-fcrations. Iiit ttasinility or
centralized disposal plants lor iiiaustnal wastt j. s discusstd, and
centralized plants operating in Loyal., New Jersey dj.d Cflica.jo, Illinois
arc noted. Tin ee basic tt.-cuni'jues ate eiatloytd in tutaf piat-ts; tuecmal
fitatilizaticn, chessical stabilization, and biochemical ataoiii^a t^ori.
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TRANSPORTATION
Operating problems associated witu centralized disposal plants for
industrial waste are considered.
(12) K£Y»OBCS; CENTRALIZED; U1ICAGO; COLLECTION; DISPOSAL;
IAC1LITY; HAZARDOUS; ILLINOIS; iNtfUSTrt*; LIQUID; MANAGEMENT;
MUNICIPALITY; NE« JEfiSEY; RESPONSIBILITY; TOXIC; TRANSPORT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ8107
(18) DOC.C11.: Mindler, A. B. Tue management of toxic or hazardous
"liquid" semi-solid and industrial wastes. In Hampton, K. K. , cl. B. ,
Kaiser, and C. 0. Velzy, eds. Incinerator and Solid haste Technology
1962-1975. New York City, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
1915. p. 293-297.
(1) SWISS ACC.fcO.: 038tB4
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 28 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: An updated bibliography on the transport or
explosives, rocket propellants, cneaical warfare agents, industrial
chemicals, chlorine, and other Hazardous naterials is presented.
Transport of radioactive wastes and materials are excluded. All modes
c£ transport are described, sucu as container types, themal coated
tank cars, and pipeline: accidents, economics, and data are included.
This updated bibliography contains 190 abstract. (Oocuaeut retained in
SH1BS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDfcNT; BIBLIOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL; CHLORIDE; UATA;
iCOSOMICS; EXPLOSION; HAiABlXJUS; INDUSTRY; TRANSPORT
(15) STIBS ACC.SO.: OOS37878
(18) COC.CI1.: Snith, B. f. , ed. Hazardous materials
transportation, p. 1. general studies: a bibliography vith abstract.
Springfield, VA, National Technical Information Service, Hay 1976. 190
p. (Distributed uy the National Technical Inroraation Service as
NTIS/PS-76/C331. )
(1) S«IHS ACC.NO.: OJ87U4
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 02 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
Y£A6: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Factors erzectiny pesticide Mobility iron Hazardous
waste disposal sites containing uiyu pesticide concentrations were
examined. Major consideration was given to the influence ot the shape
cr the adsorption ASothera on pesticide nobility. Equilibrium
adsorption of dinet hyla»iue salt ot 2,4-D (2,4-Dichloroi.iienoxy
acid) on Webster silty clay loam waa measured in the concfcntratioa
lanqe of 0 to 5000 mxcrograus/Di. Tue adsorption isotherm
in shape with the exponent m the Freandlich equation eyual to 0. 71.
the adsorption sites for 2,4-j on tue Webster soil were not saturated
tven in the presence of 5,000 micro>jra Bs/rnl ot 2,4-0 (amiue salt). The
mobility of 2,4-D in the meuster soil at various 2,4-0 concentrations.
was simulated %itu a numerical solution to the solute transport uodel.
A procedure tor estimating the arrival time of a selected pesticide
ccncentration at various soil deptns oelow a disposal site io
and discussed, as well as simulation results in general.
(12) KEYWOHEb: ADSORPTION; HA^AKDOUS; MATHEMATICAL noDEL;
tESTICIUE; SALT; SANITARY LAili>FILJ-; SIMULATION; SIXES; IttA
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS37746
(18) DOC.CIT.: Davidson, J. M. , L. 1. Cu, and P. S. fiao. Behavior
cf tiqh pesticide concentrations m soil water systems. In fuller, t>.
H. ed. Proceedings; the hesiduai Manayement by Land Disposal
froceedings of the Hazardous waste research symposium. University 01
Arizona, Tucson, Feb. 2-4, iy7b. jc.iivironiuental Protection Puuiicatiou
£tA-600/9-76-015. Cincinnati, Oh, U. S. Environmental frotection
iqercy, July 1 97t>. p. 206-212. tiixstri buted by the National Technical
Information Service, Spricgiitjlu, VA, as fB 256 76 d AS. )
113
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 038697
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) C.lTE^OfiY: 24 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
JISB: 1976
(11) AbSlRACl: The disposal ot Hazardous industrial waste sludges
by landfilling has the potential lor an undesirable environmental
impact due to leachate production and concomaitant pollutant migration.
Chemical fixation of sludges is a viable treatment alternative which
»ay reduce this undesirable environmental impact. 1'fle U. S. Army
Engineer Waterways Experiaent Station (HIS), through aa interagency
agreement with the U, S, Environmental Protection Ayency, is currently
evaluating fixation technology to assess its role in sludge disposal
operations. The current program is divided into taree phases involving
the characterization of the raw sludges, laboratory leaching and
physical testing of raw and fixed sludges, and pilot scale leaca
testing of raw and fixed sludges. The results presented are conrined to
cue of the five hazardous mdustriai waste sludges, namely tue
electroplating sludge. Results ot the physical testing to be presented
are confined tc one of the five uazardous industrial waste sludges,
Basely the electroplating sludge. Results of the fhysicai testing to be
presented include oulk density, vuia ratio, porosity, specific gravity,
and permeability. The results ot tne leaching tests show that all fixed
aaterials are leaching pollutants to boat degree; and comparison
cefcween the leaching data tor tue raw and fixed sludges demonstrates
that leaching properties are dependent on the pollutant analyzed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LEACH;
PLATING; POLLUTION; SANITARY LANDi'ILL; SLUDGE; SIAblLIZATION;
TECHNOLOGY; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT
115) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS37741
(18) DOC.CI1.: Hahloch, J. L. Leachability and physical properties
cf cheaically stabilized hazardous wastes. In Fuller, H. H. , ed.
Eroceedinqs; the Residual Mandgement cy Land Disposal Proceedings of
the Hazardous wastes Besearch Syuposium, University ot Arizona, Tucson,
leb. 2-4, 1976. Environnental Protection Publication EPA-600/9-76-01 b.
Cincinnati, OH, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 1976. p.
127-139. (Distributed by the national Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA, as PB 25b 7bd A3. )
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 036695
(2) DOMESTIC: 1) (2) CATEGORY: 22 (2) SU&J.TYPfi: S; T (10) PUB.
IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Disposal or iapoundaent of hazardous wastes on land
presents the potential of these wastes, or leachates of the wastes,
seeping into the ground and polluting surface and ground water. The use
cf inpervious tarriers to intercept and control tais seepage offers a
•cans of reducitg and possioiy eliminating such pollution. An
experimental research project is underway to assess the relative
effectiveness and durability ot a wide variety of liner materials when
exposed to hazardous wastes. The materials under study include soils
and clays, soil ceaents, asphaltic concretes and other asphaltic
compositions, and a wide range of polymeric membranes. The polymeric
•aterials used in ttie manufacture or these membranes include polyvinyl
chloride, chlorinated polyetaylene, chlorosulfonated poiyetnylene,
€thylene proplene rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber, and elasticized
polyolefin, a thermoplastic polyester, and polyurethanes. In this study
the linec materials are exposed to such hazardous wastes as strong
acids, strong rases, oil refinery tank bottom wastes, lead wastes from
Baseline, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon wastes, and a
pesticide. The experimental procedure followed is described and results
cf preliminary tests used in tne selection of materials of extensive
testinq are presented.
(12) KEYHOfiDS: CONTROL; EttSTli; EXPOSURE; HAZARDOUS; LEACh; LIMER;
fCLIUTIOS; POLYMiH; RESEARCH; SEEPAGE; T6ANSKJRT
J15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOSJ7739
(18) DOC.CIT.: Uaxo, fa. E. , Jr. Evaluation of selected liners when
exposed to hazardous wastes. In fuller, W. H. , ed. Proceedings; tne
.fiesidual Manage merit by Land Disposal Proceedings ot the Hazardous Haste
114
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TRANSPORTATION
Eesearch Symposium, University ot Arizona, Tucson, Ftu. 2-U,
Environmental Protection Publication KPA-600/9-7&-Q15. Cincinnati, uH,
0. S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 1976. p. 10^-111.
(Distributed by the National Technical iniormation Service,
Springfield, VA, as PB 256 76d AS. )
(1) SWIBS AU..NO. : 038692
{2) DCHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; 12 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The migration of Hazardous materials in soil is
largely COD trolled by the pnysical and chemical composition of tne soil
upon which the waste is placed. However, differences in waste
composition and leachability cause large differences in migration of
specific elements or compounds turougn a soil. 1'his is demonstrated by
comparing the migration of cadmium, leached from four dirierent
industrial wastes, through one type ot soil, the wastes were
nickel/cadmium battery, electroplating, water base paint and inorganic
pigsent wastes. The soil used in these experiments was Davidson, N.
Carolina clay soil which is classified as an Ultisol. inforaation as to
difference in penetration and distribution or the cadmium in the. soil
is presented and related to difference in the wastes, aajor
consideration was given to tne monitoring of leach ate decomposition
looitoring and ground water pollution prevention.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEHICAi; COHPOSIT10N; DISPOSAL; EABTti; EJrifECT;
GJBCUSD «ATEB; BAZAHDOUS; INUU^TBi; IHVBST1GATION; LLALH; aETAi;
»CS-FEBfiOUb; TEA«SPOBT
(15) STIMS ACt.NO.: 00337736
(18) DOC.CI1.: Houle, a. J. , K. L. Bell, and D. £. Long.
industrial hazardous waste migration potential. In fuller, *. ii. , eci.
froceedings; tne Residual Kauayeaeat by Land Disposal Proceedings ox
the Hazardous Haste Besearcn Syinposium, University 01 Arizona, Tucson,
feb. 2-4, 1976. tnvironnental Protection Publication tPA~600/S-7*>-01 b.
Cincinnati, OH, 0. S. Environaeiital Protection Agency, July 197fa. p.
"76-85. (Distributed by ttte ridtiouai Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA, as Pfl 256 76d AS. )
(1) SHIBS ACC.tlO.: 038685
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATlitiOK Y: 22 (2) SUBJ.TYPii: T (10) PUo.
YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: the Sona and Hazardous Haste fiesearcn Division
(SHiHD) of the U. S. Environmental protection Agency, in Cincinnati,
Chio, has responsibility for research in the areas o± solid ana
hazardous waste management, including both disposal and processing.
Ihis research is being directed towards (1) new arid improved systems or
solid and hazardous waste management, (2) development oi technology,
(3) determination of environmental efrects, (U) collection of data
cecessary for the establishment 01 processing and disposal guidelines.
Ihe Division concentrates on Hazardous waste management and disposal,
elcce and in ccibiuation with municipal wastes. SHMHD has divided its
hazardous waste research program into two general areas: (1) disposal
cf hazardous residuals to the land, (2) Hazardous waste materials
treatment. The overall hazardous waste research prcyram as conducted by
SUWBD is currently classified into six categorical areas: (1)
identification and characterization of hazardous waste; (2) hazardous
waste deconposition; (3) pollutant Migration through soils; (4) control
technology; (5) specialized waste; (6) alternatives tor hazardous waste
landfills.
(12) KEYWORDS: CLASSIFICATION; DECOKPCSE; DISPOSAL; hPA; HAZARDOUS;
IANC; HANAGEaEKT; OHIO; PfiOGKAB; ft£.SMKl.h; SANITABY LrtNl/i-ILL;
TECHNOLOGY; THANSPOHT
(15) STI8S ACC.NO.: OOS37729
(18) DOC.CIT.: Schoaaker, N. fl. Current research on land disposal
cf hazardous wastes. In Fuller, M. ti. , ed. Proceedings; the Residual
flanagemeut by Laud Disposal Proceeaings or the Hazardous Haste Research
Symposium, Oniverity of Arizona, lucson. Fen. 2-4, 197b. Environmental
Protection Publication EPA-600/9-76-015. Cincinnati, OH, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, July 1976. p. 1-1j. (Distributed ty
the National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA, as Pi* 25t>
768 AS. )
115
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 038574
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATiGOKlf: 09 (2) SUBJ.Tii-E: (i (10) PU3.
E: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous materials ate dtuned in relation to
criteria and regulations tor their control. Hazardous materials ar«
considered to re raw materials or finisnfcd products. The designation or
a product as hazardous tor transportation purposes is based on the
product having cnaracteristicd which, in the event or an unintentional
release from its container, would pose a minor to major danger to
persons cr property, hazardous material regulations developed by the
Cepartment of Transportaion are noted, witn emphasis on passage or the
Iransportaicn Safety Act of U74 (P. L. 93-633) . Tne need for
developing an improved hazard information system is discussed, sroblems
involved in the iaplenentation of nazardous material regulations are
examined. Activities of the Manufacturing Chemists Association with
regard to hazardous materials are reviewed, and the development of a
tazard inrormaticn system oy tnat association is addressed.
(12) KEY.K06CS; CCNTKOL; H AiftiiDOUS; LAM; PaObLEtiS; fibliULATlOUS ;
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS37o18
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hazardous materials - nhat are they? Xraific World,
165 (13) :38-UO, flar. 29,
(1) i'wias Acc.ito. :
(2) DOHESTIL: t U) <-ATc;«Oiii£: 25 (2) suaa.Tifi,: x pO)
JEAii: 197b
(11) ABSlHACl: The poasiCility ror use of Belgian mines for storage
cf hazardous matferj.als is exaaineu. ine Belgian coal deposit*, form two
distinct entities: (1) tne south aepoaits extending along a narrow belt
from lieqe to MODS and into tiie north of France; (2) the north 01
Canpine deposit which is an extension of the basins of Aik-la-Gaa^fcllfc
and Lmtcu Lirabcutq. Geology and miuinq conditions are discussed for
both deposits. An examination of various underground mining cavities in
teJfjiua indicates that the open mines are not suitable ror storage of
hazardous or toxic wastes because of (1) grcundwater contamination; (2)
inaccessible passageways whicu iinit transport; (J) gases; (4) still
active operaticns.
(12) KEYHOECS: BELGIUa; FuSSIL i'UtL; GEOLOGIC; HAZAhDOUS; ttltili;
EITS; 5TOKAGE; TOXxC; TfiANSiJOKT ; UHOESGHC.USU
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00537350
(18) DOC.CI1.: Stassen, P. KATO Committee on the Challenge of
Kcdern Society pilot stuay on tue elimination of hazardous wastes.
Belgium, National Institute of Extractive Industries, A^r. 30, 1976. 7 p.
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 0-18302
(2) DCHtSTIC: F (2) CATE(iOklI: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (JO) t-Uc.
XEifi: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The extraction and analysis of heavy metals ieacnate
at two urban waste landfill sites in Japan are discussed. Contaminated
hater, permeating from the landfill sites, contributes to soil and crop
contamination in the rice rields. An analysis of hazardous wastes in
qrcundwater indicates varying concentrations of heavy metals including
iron, manganese, cadmium, cnromiua and lead. Sources for these
unsoluble heavy metals in wastes include incineration ash, yolyvinyl
chloride products, inorganic pigments, home electric appliances, and
manufacturers duaping plating sludge. As a result cf anaerobic
decomposition, sulfur suostances are transformed to hydrogen sulfide.
Ihe significant effects or pH and oxidation reduction potential on the
extraction cf heavy metals are discussed. A considerable concentration
cf heavy metals is expected to accumulate in the bottom strata of
sediment deposits.
(12) KEYHOKUS: CONTAMINATE; OATA; FACILITY; GSOUSb WAI EH;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTHY; JAPAN; METaL; MUNICIPALITY; PUOCES3; SaNITAiU
IASEFILL; SEBI BEMXAl'ION; SITES; TJiANSPOfiT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: 003373U6
(18) DOC.CI1.: Giicen, K. K. Study on the process of generation ox
industrial wastes containing uarmrul substances; report of the fiscal
year 197U. Japan, Ministry of Healtn and heltare, rtar. 1975. 1t> p.
116
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TRANSPORTATION
(1) SKIES ACC. NO. : OJ8249
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TKPE: i; I (10) PUb.
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: An analysis or factors aiitctiny the rate of mercury
in aquatic systens is Bade using a aatheaatical model. three forms of
mercury (mercuric, elemental, and methyl) art represented. Ail forms
arc considered to be present in Dotu the water and sediment portions or
the system. Processes influencing the behavior or mercury forms are
assumed to be oxidation, reduction, aetny lation, deaethyiation,
Ecrpticu, sedi Bent/water exchange, volatilization, and longitudi i.al
transport. Environmental raptors or importance are pH, concentration us.
suspended particulates, depth of water, and depth oi sediment. Ihree
dimensional graphs (concentration vs. tine and distance) are used tu
tortray the temporal Oenavior or the »ercuiy forms alone, a stretcn ol
slowly moving stream. Mercuric aercury ilotis through tue reacn,
partitioning into the sediment as it flows. The spatic temporal pattern
cf methyl and elemental torus in both water and sediment is controlled
largely by the mercuric mercury sorbed to the sediments. Tnis eifect
and the sensitivity or all the forms to a range ot values used for tne
£«di»ent/water partition coefficient tor mercuric ion, lead to the
conclusion that sorption is tne siayle acst mportaut factor
influenciny the behavior of oercury iu aquatic systems.
(12) KEXWOHCS: ANALYSIS; EFFECT; HAZABDCUS; «ATiltMATlCAL MOlJiiL;
HEUCOKY; OCEAN; TKANSPOBX
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ729J
(18) DOC.CI1. : Lassiter, «. d. , J. I. Halanchufc, and «. L.
fcauqh»an. Ccaparison of processes deter oiniiiiji the late ot mercury in
aquatic systems. In Ott, W. fa. , o. Albrecht, and «. t.lark, eds.
froceedinqs; the Conference on tnvironaental Modeling and Simulation,
Cincinnati, OH, Apr. 19-22, 1976. Environmental Protection Publication
HPA-600/9-76-0 16. Washington, U. S. Envitonnental protection Agency,
July 1976. p. 619-623.
(1) SKIDS ACC.NO.:
(2) UOflJiSTIC: D (2) CAXEUOfii; 09 (2) SUBJ.TlPn: S; 1 (1 U) PUB.
*Eifi: 1976
(11) ABSTBACT: A simple aatheaatical model has oetn developed to
aid in the management of hazardous chemical disposal iu sanitary
landfill sites. The model is oased upon chemical mass balance and
incorporates the important pnysical/cheoical paraaeters: (1)
bydrodynamic flow velocity based upon the porosity and hydrodyna mic
gradient of the porous medium (2) variable water table; (3) variable
rainfall; (4) reversible adsorptiou/desorttion phenomena; (5) first
crder irreversible sorption, if any; (6) rirst order chemical reaction;
(7) first order microbial degradation kinetics. The chemical, wuich is
deposited into the landfill in any time {.at tern desired, is routed
vertically by rainfall iniiltration to the water table wnere movement
in the horizontal direction occurs. Tne simplicity ot tiie model ana the
resulting computer simulation program permits a ten year run to be
computed and plotted automatically lor approximately $60. The
application of the model ror a typical sanitary landfill (drown1 s
Island Landfill, Salem, Oregon) is demonstrated.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHKSIcAL; COflPUT£K; DISPOSAL; hAZa&UOUS; rfANAGiiaiNT;
BAliiEMATICAL HLUfL; OREGON; SANITARY LANCiILL; TRANSPORT
(15) STIBS SCC. NO.: OOS37292
(18) 00C.cn.: Elzy, E. , auu t . T. Lindstrom. Model ot tne
•ovement of hazardous waste caeaicais for sanitary landtill sites, in
Ctt, H. B. , O. Albrecht, and B. Clarx., eds. Proceedings; Tue
Center en ce on Environmental Hodeung and Simulation, Cincinnati, oa,
Ape. 19-22, 1976. Environmental Protection Publication
EPA-600/9-76-0 16. Washington, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
July 1976. p. 609-613.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 03iU41
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEUOttY: 14 (2) SUBJ.T^t-c,: G (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Begulatioiio concerning special and hazardous wastes
ace summarized, as applicable to the land of Baden-Uuerttemberg. There
is only one landfill for special and Hazardous waste at Halsch. in 1975
117
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
a list of otter dumping grounds was compiled. 011 July 29, 1974, three
ordinances were issued concerning the transport of such wastes:
ordinance on inventories; ordinance on collection and transport;
ordinance on receiving such wastes, instructions on issuing permits on
transport are cited in full. (Original text in German)
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; JUMP; GEBMANY; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LAND;
1JH; LICENSE; fiEGULAIIONS; SANITARY LANDflLL; TKANSt-OKT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ7185
(18) DOC.CI1.: Habel, H. J. Sonaerabtaelle. (Special and hazardous
kaste. ) Galvanotechnik, 67(5);357-359, Hay 15, 1976.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 038073
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOHY; 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YBJB: 1976
(11) ABSTBAC1: This document presents the current state or
knowledge about the production, usage, and distribution of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCd) in the United States, the inforaation
presented is derived froa detailed studies on the production and first
tier user industries, the past ana present generation and disposition
cf tCB containing wastes, environmental PCB usage, inadvertent losses
tc and potential formation m the environment, and current regulatory
authorities for ECB control. These results indicated that, although PCB
content of industrial wastes can be reduced through various approaches
such as treatsfciit and substitution, there exists a potentially severe
future hazard in the torn or large amounts of PCB currently contained
in land disposal sites, further derinition or tuis ana other aspects of
the PCB problem, and determination of ways tc minimize the hazard, are
recommended.
(12) KillHOfibS: CONTROL; BE f I Mi XI ON; CISfOSAX; EwVIHGMaENT;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LAND; POLLUTION; POLYCHLGRIii ATED; PKODUCE;
BEDUCTION; BEGU1ATIONS; XfiANSt?OfiT; US; UTILIZE; BASIS iATtfi
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS37117
(18) DOC.CIT.: Durfefc, a.. L. , G. contos, and I. C. Whitnore. PCB
in the United States: industrial use and environmental distributions.
invironaental Protection Publication EPA 560/b-76-005. Washington, UC,
li. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Feb. 25, 1976. 4b4 p.
(Distributed by National Technical information Service, Sprmgfitsid,
vA, as PB252012. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037911
(2) DOMESTIC: ¥ (2) CATEGOSX: 10 (2) SUBJ.Tli-E: S (10) i'UB.
YIABi 1976
(11) ABSTiiACl; The bacteriological hazard of open field latuxnes in
torthern areas has been assessed, human enteric bacteria were
demonstrated to persist, in rather nigh numbers, for at least nine
torths in open latrine sites. The bacteria penetrate the subsurface,
tut lateral migration is minimal except during spring thaw. During this
period, virtually all vater collected near winter uivouac areas was
shewn to be contaminated with enteric bacteria. Snow collected fur tue
[deduction of drinking water duriug winter exercises was shown to ue
free of contamination provided it is net collected too near latrine
sites. Saaplinq methods and bacteriological analysis or recal ami soil
•aterial are discussed and shown in two tables.
(12) KEY WOKCS: ALASKA; ANALYSIS; BACTEBIA; CANADA; CULIiOHrt;
CONTAMINATE; EARTH; FECES; HAZARDOUS; HUMAN; HEuSUnbflENTS; PATuOGEN;
SACELING HETHOCS; SNOW; XfcAttSPUKT
(15) SUBS ACC.NO.: 00336*55
(18) DOC.CII.: White, L. A. , and M. H. Spence. Persistence ot
human enteric bacteria in the Canadian North. Canadian Journal of
Public Health, 67(1):25-29, Jan. /teb. 197b.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037891
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUOJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
IEJB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste problems are discussed in relation
tc qround water contamination via ieachate, surface water contamination
via runoff, air pollution via burning, evaporation, sublimation, wind
118
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TRANSPORTATION
ercsion, poisonings due to direct contact with and tnrouga the rood
chain, and fires and explosions at land disposal sites. Hazardous waste
»ay involve chemical, biological, riammable, explosive, or radioactive
substances. Physically, aazardous waste can be in the form or Jn^uida,
solids, sludges, and gases. Most aazardcus or toxic waste can ue
categorized as inorganic toxic waste is discussed, sutn emphasis on tiie
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act ot 1974, Federal fcatcr Foliutioi.
Ccntrol Act Anciiduents of 1972, regulations taat apply to tae disposal
cf hazardous waste, existing disposal practices, iaiiurill disposal,
chemcal fixation, incineration, cutaical and pretrea tiuent metuods,
deep well disposal, ocean dumping, and microwave decomposition.
International disposal techniques rot other than high level solid
radioactive waste are noted, including shallow land mriai, uio^osal
into Bines and d«ep geological rormatious, deep sea disposal, deep well
disposal, and packagiog.
[12) KEYttOUDS: BIOLOGICAL; oUtiX; CHEMICAL; DEcOMPCSL; Djiip » i^L;
EIS50SSL; DUHP1NG; EPA; UAZaKDOU^; INCI NtiUTIOh; HaSaiiiMbST ; iUl«^;
CCLAN; PACKAGING; RADIOACTIVE; KEMULATIONS; SANITAfci LANuiILL; IGilC;
QfliATHENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 00336J3S
(18) DOC.CI'I.: Cheremsinori, J. N". , and K. e. holcomli. Sai.a^eiieut
cr hazardous and toxic wastes. Pollution Engineer iii-j, 8 (4) : 2<*-J^, Ape.
1976.
(1) SHIHS ACC.fciO. : OJ7671
(2) DOMESTIC: a (2) CAi'KGOttY: 09 (2) SUbJ.Ti'fh: G ;10) tUt».
tikis: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Guidelines are presented lor emergency personnel
and/or shippers and carriers to protect themselves and tut general
public against hazardous materials, to laentny nazardous materials,
and to determine the proper agencies to contact to receive assistance
in the cleanup and removal of hazardous materials. Classes of hazardous
faterials are delineated as rollows: explosives, rlamoable iiguids,
combustibles, flamaable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liguids,
ronflammable compressed gases, flammable compressed 3ases, poisons
(Class A, Iiguids and gases), poisons (class b, liquids and solids),
irritating materials, and radioactive materials, ^dueling reyi;
tor hazardous materials are examined, and Federal regulations
the transportaion of dangerous articles are descriueu winch require the
use of placards en the outside or trucss and railroad coars. General
loading requirements are detailed, along with snipping procedures,
waybills, and manifests. Driving and parxing rules in tne
transportation or Hazardous materials are noted. Telephone nuunJtit. arc
listed that may te called in tne event or an incident involving ttit-
transport of hazardous materials. A commodity list or dangerous
articles is provided.
(12) KEYWORDS: CLASSIFICATION; iiJiUUL; d^dhOUUii; h tGUL,iTiO^Ji>;
IHANSPCfiT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ6715
(18) 1;OC.C11.: tieurendsen, J. J. Guidelines to tne uanulin., OA.
hazardous materials. Denver, Source or Sarety, Inc. , Ia7o, uo t.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: OJ7597
(2) UOMESTIC: 0 (2) CAI'fcuOttX: 09 {2) SUBJ.I'Yi-E: I (10) fub.
YEAE; 1576
(11) ABSIKACI; treataent raciltties in Sutherland that diniaaili
handle 1C,000 and 30,000 tons are descrited. These faculties accent
all types of industrial »aste solutions, acid, al/valine, cyauiao,
ccctaining and other special solutions. 'Ihe materials or solutions are
delivered to the plant in plastic containers. Larger quantities Can ce
transported in a center-owned 15 ton suction tank ^tmittailor. i'ue
substances are segregated by type and anaj.y/ea before treatment is
tegun. Cdieiul monitoring at each ^ttp assures an effluent vhion meets
regulations. A specialized treatment center of this type is rapidly
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
ieccnunq a necessity in order to protect public nat*rs rrom
ron-decontaminated waste waters.
(12) KEKWOBDS: CONXAlMbu; DjiSitih; EUHOPE; FACILITY; FILTEK;
HAZARDOUS; INL>U3Tt<*; ION EXCdANUK; CLASTIC; PhECIPlTATK; PfaOCESS;
SLUDGE; STOhAUt; SWITiERiLa ND; TOilc; TfiANSPOriT; TKiiATMENT; taaSl'Ji WAXhtt
(16) STI«S 4CC.NO.: OObJ6t>41
(18) DOC-CIl.: Anon. Detoxityiuy industrial wastt.Hatt.-rs.
invironmental Science and Tecunology, 10 (2):127-12J, ceo, Iy76.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 037bo7
(2) iiCHiiSTIC; U (2) CAIEGOai: 09 (2) SUbJ.IYti,: 3 [10) PUt,.
VEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The decoaiJosj.ti.on ot cnemicals to enviroiiiaentaily
iruiccuGLS substances is examiied. Field and laboiatory data are beiny
collected uy t ue Environmental Protection Ayency (rir'A) to assess and
iscdtl sources and SIUKS ol ayutaetic chemicals. jiPii has estaulished a
15-nember pollutant and tcausiorua tion advisocy coiamittt-e to
investigate a pollutant's entrance and tate in tne environment. Tae
comnittee Mill tvaluate exist in^j data on pollutant translocatiou,
pollutant transmutation alter interaction with othfei. systems, and thfe
implications or these alterations on tJPfl rulema-yi
assessment program that has received initial funciiny ol »1. 1 million.
In .addition to activities witain Jir-A, many fca^ic rt^carch and modelmy
efforts are nenn; undeitaKua at Juiversities and private companies. 'Itie
tatt of syntnetic chemicals in d^a«-.ous aitdia is di^cu-sstd, as well as
tfct effect cf sucii chemicals on joils. fimiftasis is placed on the trrect
cf pesticides and pathways loc cueoiical decomi-o^ition. It is pointed
cut tuat ultraviolet radiation iroa the sun is sufriciently tnerijfctio
to trinq about ptotocneuicil tranoioraation or xenouiotics dispersed in
natural environments. The use or aatneuidtical modeis to det.ci.iue tiife
tLanspctt ot transformatiou oi poliutttntt is addressed.
(12) KSYwOhlS; CHjiMlLAL; COfJViiKI; DELCMEOSE; r,ffik.r> £HV IROtlfciiNX ;
if«; HAZAhuCUS; MoMITOh; t1ULi.Jf US; PlcOGkAd; ThASStOBT
(15) SI113 ACC.NO.: OOdJbol!
(18) EOC.Cl'l.: Anon. Tracn.in^ tne elusive puilutant. Envirouaientdl
Science and Tecnnoloyy, 10(7);640-641, July 1'76.
(1) SlilRS ACC.NO.: 037507
(2) UOHESriCi V (2) i.ATiiGOai: 07 (2.) SUoJ.TiPE: S; I (10)
(11) AbdlKACl: Options ioi tue recldmation, tceacment, and disposal
cl waste art orffcred. The options are categorized as toiiows: (1)
recyclinq, reuse, and reclamation; (2) disposal on iana and land
leclamation (snreddinq, ni^jii density caliny, comporting, untreated
*aste, and transport as an element of disposal oy land) , (3) thermal
treatment ar.d energy recovery (incineration and the use or waste as
luel in conventional boilers) ; (4) sea disposal; (5) treatment and
disposal or hazardous waste; dud ££>} disposal of awknard or faulty
household waste. Approxi»ateiy 18 aillicn tons of nousenold and
ccaaercial waste are disposed ol annually in Great Britain, alon^j with
j scillioii tens or building waste, <;J million tuns of jeneraj. inaustrial
kaste, and 12 Billion tous of power station waste. In addition, doout
60 Billion ton b ot mininq waste and 50 million tons of ^uarryiny waste
are procuced each year. Waste diposal options are detailed, and
research projects on disposal teci.aiques are noted whicn pertain to
jyrclysis a rd the sicrooial ana cueaiical conversion of waste. «.n
tcrcr-oui ic evaiuatiun OL wast« aisposal |,lans is prestnted, witn em^nasii.
tn aow cc ffieacurt tuc ueuecito, nuancial costs, and en vironaientai
effects or a pi~n. kr. exasj-le or a ^aste oispo&al strategy is pt oviaed.
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TRANSPORTATION
Ihe use of a transportation aoaei 2.11 the allocation of waste is
discussed.
(12) KfiiwoHDS: CHEMICAL; coatusiiNG; DISPOSAL; DOMESTIC;
ECONOMICS; ENERGY.; FUEL; GfcEAX btfll'Alfl; HAi-AKDOUS; IflCINEKATION;
elCfiOOBGANISH; PYBOLXSIS; fifiCLAMAXION; BiSEABCH; TKANSPOHT; TREATMENT;
VCIUME
J15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOSJb551
{18} DOC.CIT.: Great Bcitdin Department ot the Environment,
aeclamation, treatment and disposal ot wastes: an evaluation of
available options. Waste Hanageffieat taper No. 1. London, Her Jiajtsty's
Stationery Office, 1976, *2 p.
(1) SHIflS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) cATEvJOKX: 0V (2) SUbJ.TiPE: S; T (10)
YEifi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Signincdiit aspects at industrial waste control and
disposal are examined. Hazardous inaustrial waste disposal techniques
in the United Kingdom are reviewed .in relation to leyislative controls
introduced by the 1972 Deposit ot poisonous Maste Act. Methods utilized
ty the private sector in disposing of hazardous waste are also noted.
it is felt that the Deposit or Poisonous Haste Act has the effect of
concentrating wastes on a few specific sites, thereby reducing the
possibility for natural biodegraadtion of cheoical wastes. THIS
concentration tffect has resulted lu two adverse side eirects: (1)
transportation of waste ovei. long distances to acceptable sites; and
(2) significant increase 111 disposal costs. It is suygested that a
realistic approach to the proolea ox industrial waiite be adopted whicn
involves maxiiBi'ziaq the use o£ uatural toiodegradat ion in landfill sites
and the use of existing higfc capital cost treatment and incineration
facilities for certain categories 01 waste. Tipping and leachate
problems are discussed, and tue roilowing methods ot waste disposal are
exaniued: formation of lagoons from inert media tor aqueous wastes,
direct discharge of ayueous waste into the face of a tip usiny tae
absorbent capacity of fresn lefu^e, creation of drying btds from inert
tedia, and direct discharge or sluage into tue base ot a tip's face
khich can then be gmckly covered witu other rerust.
{12) KiiltMOBDS: DISPOSAL; JiCOKUtULS; GnEAX BKITAiN; HAZARDOUS;
INCUSTfii; LAW; lEACh; PRIVATi.; PHOJLEMS; SANITARY LANDFILL; TfiANSPOkT
(15) STIKS ACC.NO.: OOSJbJOl
(18) DOC.cil.: ttassey, D, k. joae views on industrial waste
ccntrol. Solid Wastes, fab (3): 111-116, Mar. 1976.
(1) SB1HS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATj^OriY: 09 (2) SUDJ.T/Pii: S; T (10) PUo.
JJifc: 1976
(11) ABSlfUii.T: Sovement 01 poliovirus I (Chat) turough uonsterile
core saaples ot a sandy rorest soil was monitored, using several
reqimers cf loading with either dechlor mated final effluent fron au
operating activated sludge treatment plant or distilled water.
Simulated cycles of rainrall ana errluent applications, resultuiy iu
icnic gradients, were showu to affect virus moveiiient. Such studies
indicate that poliovirus applied in effluents nay move considerable
distances through this soil arter rainfall. Survial of poiiovirus in
tie soil at U and 20 degrees c has oeen monitored for 84 days. During
this period, the capacity 01 tae virus tc migrate is unchanged. (Autcor
ftlstract)
(12} KEiHOKDS: AClIVATiiiJ SLUDGE; DlSCHAhGjJ; hAUTti;
fACILITK; POiifiSTRI; HAZARDOUS; MOhXTOa; PATHOGSN; SAKfLING
SANC; SISULdTI CM; ThANSPGKT; £H£>ii'«i.hT ; VlaUb
(15) STIKS ACC.NO.: OUS.16297
;tt>) OOC.CIT. : Ouooise, S. m. , B. U. aoore, and d. P. sagi*.
1-oJiovirus survival and oiovement ir, a sandy lorest soil. Appliea and
Environmental ff irob i.ology , 31 (4) : 5jb-5u3, Apr. 1b*7b.
2 i
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIBS ACX.NO.: 037121
(2) UCHE3TIC: U (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.IYPh: G (10) PUB.
YOfi: 1975
(11) AoSlBACl: Solid waste aauageatent planning in Los Angeles
County, California is reviewed. California's Solid Haste Management and
Resource Recovery Act of 1972 establishes local government as being
primarily responsible for providing adequate solid waste management and
clanniny, with the State ceing responsible for the development and
laittenance of State policy and a State solid waste resource recovery
trcgram. The organization or Los Anyeles County's solid waste
eanagement plaE is described, with emphasis on the restructuring of an
existing county solid waste nanageaent cca»ittee to include an
executive council, advisory council, staff support, and 11 working
qzcups or task forces related to the following plan elements: goals and
objectives, waste production, waste collection, waste storage,
tazardcus waste management, litter and indiscriainate dumping, resource
recovery, waste transfer and uaul, waste disposal, nnancing, and plan
mplenentation. Salient leatures or tne waste production element of the
plan are detailed. Major issues in plan isplementation are identified
khich relate to natenals and energy recovery technology, landnil site
locations, standards lor the storage of wastes on premises at the
source, and organizational structure.
(12) KtYhOfiDS: BOARD; COLLECTION; CUKiEfitNCE; COUNTY; DUMPING;
JiAZJiiDOUS; LAW; 10CAL; LOS AHGLLKS; HANAGEaENl; PEiiSGNNtL; PLANNIHG;
EEC1AMATICN; SXANUABD; STUKAGji; T&ANSPOHT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ6166
(18) DOC.CI1.: Brandt, H. X. Loi. Angeles County solid waste
uacageaent plan. In: Proceedings; Fifth Annual Symposium of the Los
Angeles Regional Forua on Solid Haste Management, University of
California, Los Angeles, aay 21, 1975. Torrauce, CA, Los Anyeles
EeqiocaJ Forua on Solid naste Management, 1976, 160 p. (p. 117-126).
(1) SMIRS ACC.NO.: 037029
(2) DOMESTIC: ii (2) CAT jiliOK K: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYt-E: T (10)
Y£Afi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Consideration is given to the problems of air cargo
handling of "Rental Articles" or hazardous materials which include
about 2,200 different iteus ranging from newsprint inx to radioactive
j.harmaceuticals. Pan American World Airways program consists of
training employees, particularly those handling cargoes, to recognize
these restricted hazardous materials and to take afpropriate measure to
ensure safe handling. Twelve classroom sessions deal with subjects such
as identificatior and proper shipping certification of restricted
articles, processing, pacxaging or daaage involving magnetized
nateriais, toiscns, radioactive materials, etc. Cargo manuals ana
rule-books are Kept updated. Hot only will quality control inspection
cf restricted articles be assigned to loading and receiving docus, but
tc the aircraft as well.
(12) KEYnORCS: AlfiCfiAFT; ANALYSIS; CONTROL; FA A; HAZARDOUS;
JNDUSTBY; H&SAGEH^T; PE4SONUEL; PfluGcAM; iiADIO ACTIVE; TtiAINIHG;
1BANSPOHT; IRASSfGUTA1ION TtfiaiWAL
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36074
(ia) DOC.CI1.: Townsend, T. J. Becognizing and handling restricted
articles. International Civil Aviation Organization Bulletin,
31(1): 21-22, Jan. 1976.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: OJ6792
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAX^OHY; 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
1975
(11) ABS1RAC1: The storage of cnenical waste products fro* raw
isaterial industries requires the use of on-site deposits due to the
large volumes cbtained. Because of hign levels of ground water and the
relatively thicx alluvial soil, deposits should remain above ground.
Special problens arise wnen tne wastes contain water soiu'ble hazardous
laterials which can be transported in a liquid medium. The choice of
»at -,r proof ing ror impervious diKed tanks entails the additional
consideration cf settlements, attachs by chemical action and the
122
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TRANSPORTATION
construction ot a weather proor msta Uation corresponding to the
requirements of tne building site. tcrigiual text in German. )
(12) KElHORDS: CHEMICAL; DUMP; UUilPING; bSVIriGi-iKENT ; FACiLITi;
GISH4NY; GtfCUNt «AT£R; HAZARDOUS; PLANNING; SPECIAL; STORAGE;
IfiANSPOrfl; WATia
(15) STiaS ACC.NO.: OOS35637
(1b) DOC.CIT. : Boeoken, 1U , and U Kunz. lianninj aud experiences
kith duips cr special wastes in the country around Mordennaa.
(Scniletdeponit.il ia Ha urn fiordeuham-f lanungen und hr tahrungen. ) wasser
ur,d boden, 27 (5) j 103-105, day 197a.
(1) SWIKS ACC.&iU.: 03t>t>69
(2) iyOMESTiC; O (2) 1-ATliGOiU: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPii: T (10) PUJ.
*£«fi: 197b
(11) ABSTRAC1: The need for improved technical and other
information for ateting emergencies related to the transporation or
hazardous materials is examined. The Cheeicai Hazards Response
Information System (CH8IS) uuder developffltnt by the Coast Guard is
evaluated as a prototype systea lor ail aodes or transportation. ca^liS
ii composed of three reference guides or data cases and a central
headquarters organization for developing, implementing, supporting, and
laintaininq the systei for evaluatiinj multmodai accidents in tne
transportation or hazardous materials. Basic system concepts are
ciscussed for extending CriKIS to
concluded that CbBlS expansion would be btntricial iu reducing hazards
associated with the transport of chtaicals. Sucfi an expanded
iniccnation system would be composed of a decentralized oryciniza tion
(.rcviding response guidance on request tc local emergency service^
personnel, computerized hazard assessaent system operated at
headquarters, and reference nanuais furnished to all response
crqanizaticns. {Author Abstract Modified)
(12) KEXhOHCS: ACCIOiiiVi'; CH£i"UCAL; CCKPUTEB; DAI A; Htt2,AKi;OU5;
INtOfiHATION; HANUAi; 8ESEAUI.H; iK^l^H; 'I'fcANSPORT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.; OOS35olJ
(18) DOC.CI1. : Allan, D. S- , and G, H. Harris. Cheuicai hazards
response information system ror multimodal accidents (i,HKlSMA) : a
reevaluation of CrlHIS for all nodes 01 transportation. Report No.
CG-D-148-75. Washington, Department of Transportation, Apr. 1^7b,
(1) SHIhS ACC.NO.:
(2) 009ESTIC: 0 (2) oATEGOiiX; 28 (2) SUBJ.Tii'K: G (10)
XiAli: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The development or a hazardous waste nanageafcnt
program at tne State level is discussed, with emphasis on hazardous
fcaste transportation control. Elements of a comprehensive hazardous
taste management program must include reporting by waste generators,
regulation cf temporary waste receptors (storage and transfer
facilities), regulation or permanent waste receptors (reprocessing,
treatment, and disposal tacilities) , and regulation of waste
transportation. Elements ot a hazardous waste transportation control
troqran are discussed, along wita techniques ror i npieuicntiiiy sucn a
progran. Consideration is given to the scopt of regulation ror a was.t«=
trasportaticn control system, recoamended requirements and procedures
for State programs (permit system, equipment identification, hazardous
haste shipping papers, accident ana incident reporting, eyuitaeint
inspections, and recordxeeping) , data handling (permit application,
hazardous waste shipping papers, and accident and incident reporting),
automatic data processing (coding systems and quality control) , State
aqency roles, interstate cooperation, equipment operator training,
jrogran resources, and Federal programs. Appendices provide inrormation
en specific waste transportation applications and Federal and State
transport regulations.
(12) KJJKWOfiCS: COHi>UTi,K; COWIttuL; EyUlPBhNT; FtUEHAL; HAkiAttDOUS ;
1NFOBHATION; HANAGtiMEUT; iUNUaL; PERSON Nil; RhGULAllOSS; STATfc;
lECiiSOLGGY.; TRANSPORT
(15) STIBS ACC.SU.; 00335499
(16) COC.CI1.: Porter, C. a. State program implementation guide:
hazardous waste transportation control. Environmental Protection Agency
lublication EP A-530/SH-512. Washington, U. S. Environmental protection
Agency, 1976, 35 p. (Solid Haste Management Series. }
123
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) 3WIES ACC.NO. :
(2) OOHilSTlt: 0 12) tATtUOSy; 1^ (2) SUoJ. TYPE.- G ',10) PUu.
1EAE: 1 97fa
(11) AJSIHAc'I: nazardoua materials art! addressed in the
consolidation or Department or Transportation (DOT) itgulatiuns ttlattd
to aeronautics and space, shipping, and transportation aspects OK
hazard control. Specilic topics considered in tr.e consolidation or OUT
regulations include transportation oi dangerous articles and aajaetized
natenals (federal Aviation Aamiaistra tion) , transportation or storaye
cr explosives and other dangerous articles or substances and
ccffiOustible liquids on board vessels (Coast Guard) , ana transportation
c£ hazardous materials (DOT). A hazardous materials table is pro
which lists materials in alphabetical order along with their pr
shippir.g name, hazard class, label (s) required, exceptions, and
packaging and other requirements lor transporting and shipping.
(12) KEYWORD^: CLASSIFICATION; COMBUSTIBLE;
t.ACSET; PACKAGING; R£GULAiIONi; Sale; STCRAGz;
(15) STIilS ACC.MO.: OOSJ548J
(10) DOC.CI1.: Departoent or Transportation, ria^ardous materials
regulations. Ft-ltral Register, 41 ( 74) : 15972-1o1J 1, Apr. 15, 197o,
(t) SWIHS ACC.HO.: 03642«t
(2J DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORIC 16 (2) SOBJ.TTPE: T (10) PBB.
TEftRj 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Several special waste burning plants, intended
nainly for hazardous refuse, are either under construction or planned.
Canton Zurick participates in the construction of anorganic solution
burning plant at Turgi, to be put in couission in suaier of 1975.
Cantons Zurich and Aargau and the City of Zurich plan a facility for
burning organic Materials in the industrial region of DietiJcon. The
final tailings from these two plants would then be dumped in Aargau in
a special duaping ground for hazardous wastes. Several designated
dunping grounds would be used for oil-polluted wastes. The Dietikon
project is described in detail. It is planned for 336 tons of hazardous
wastes per week. The wastes would be transported in special 6-ton aotor
trucks. (Original text in Ger»an. )
J12) KEYWORDS: COBSTRUCTIOB; FACILITY; HAZARDODS; INCINERATION;
HAHAGBHEHT; MUNICIPALITY; OIL; SAHIT1HI LANDFILL; SWITZERLAND; SYSTEM;
TRASSPORT
(15) STIMS ACC.8O.: OOS35469
(18) DOC.CIT.: Anon. Cantonal incinerator for hazardous waste.
(Kantonale verbrennnngsanlage fuer sondernuell. ) Schweizerische
Bauzeitung, 93(16):235-236, 1975.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: OJ60b4
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAftGUttK: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) fUb.
1975
(11) ABS1KACI: Criteria used Dy ^3 hazardous substance
classification systems to detine a nazardous sucstance are described.
Ihe prtdoainan ct of Federal classincation systems is explained by the
muter of Federal statutes mandating the regulation of hazardous
substances in focd, in transport, in the work environment, and iii tne
air and water environment. It is noted that the supply component of
silitary services used hazard ratings to help determine precautions
needed for the storage and shipment of materials, unly california's
classification system has oeen developed for the purpose of
comprehensively aanaginq hazardous wastes, including their transport
and disposal. Criteria usea oy each or the hazardous substance
classification systens are presented in tabular form, with ever^ .system
utilizing toxicological criteria in determining whether a substance
should be classified as aazardous. Many systems utilize the tojcicoloyy
criterion as the primary screen for identifying hazardous substances,
elthoaqn their fecus is on acute rather than chronic toxicity data. The
source of criteria for eacn hazardous substance classirication system
is noted, if available. A report appendix lists standards recommended
124
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TRANSPORTATION
hy N10SH (National Institute ror Occupational Safety and Health) for
various hazardous substances.
(12) KEYKOB£S: CLASSIFICATION; ilATA; iBDiiKAL; iOOD; HAZARDOUS;
itBSONNEL; EMULATIONS; STOWAGE; SYSTEM; ICX1C; TBANSPOBT
(15) ST1MS ACC.NO.: OOS35129
(18) DOC.CI1,: Kohan, A. a. A sumaary of hazardous substance
classification systems, emci nnati, HO, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, flee. 1975, 55 p.
(1) SKIBS ACC.HO.: 03602*
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: I (10)
KJAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Soae case nistories of damage occasioned oy
land disposal ct hazardous wastes are briefly described. Six major
routes of environaental transport by which the damage is effected are
noted: qroundwater contamination via leachate; surrace water
contamination via runoff; air pollution via open burning, evaporation,
sublimation, and wind erosion; poisoning via direct contact; poisoning
via the food chain; and fire and explosion. A total of 14 cases is
described.
(12) KEYHOBCS; DISPOSAL; £V APOfiATION; EXELOSIGN; FOOD;
hAlIB; iiAZAEDOUS; HISTUHi ; POLLUTION; SANITARY LANUflLL;
kATIB
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOSJ5074
(18) DOC.CIT.: Lazar, E. C. Manage incidents from improper laud
disposal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1:157-1t>4, 1975/76.
(1) SfclKS ACC.MO. : 035885
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEliOBKi 09 (2) SUBJ.TKi'E: T (10) PUii.
KiAB: 1975
(11) ABSTBACT: In recent years a number of potential emergency
situations have arisen following traffic accidents or fires involving
cheaicals. In an attenpt tc ainiaize the danger from such incidents, an
cierqency advice scneae has been established by the Cueaical Industries
Association cf Great Britain in collaboration with the British Central
Government. As part of the schene, chemical coapauies ate providing
iDtcriation to facilitate the identification of products anu ti»eir
hazards and advice for their safe treat sent in an euergency. The
information is being organized so that it can easily oe starched using
a computer-tased information retrieval systeu. The data being collected
initially are related to tne reguirenents of the public emerytncy
services, but they can be extended to meet the needs of other
organizations.
(12) KEYWOBDS: ACCIDtNT; ANALYSIS; CHiBILAL; GUVtBftflEST; UlttAT
EblTAIN; HAZARLOUS; INDUSTKY; MANAGcB£NT; PBOBLiiMS; SAFETY; T KAN Si'Uii'I
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOSJ4930
(18) DOC.cn.: Cuaberland, h, k . , and H. 0. heoden. A scheme £01
recognizing chemicals and tnfeir aazaids in an emergency. Journal oi.
tazardous flaterials, 1(1):35-43, Sept. 1975.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: 035748
(2) DCBEST1C: D (2) LATt-OBY: 09 (2) SUltJ .TYPE; T (10) PUi> .
UAfi: 1975
(11) AbSTBACl: Union Carbide Corporation has prepared a "aazard
Information in Transportation" report in order to gain support tor
coiprehensive hazardous materials transit plan. According to tut;
report, the plan replaces nuaoers with words and symbols for the
identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary risks of materials
in transit. The symbols would be in accord witn upcoming international
hazard identification systems. The plan provides outlines for tee
revision of container labels aud snipping document^, na^aras will be
idtctiflacle without a manual, but a manual will be provided to
complement symbolic data. Tnis snould increase tue safety u£ tnose who
deal with hazardous saipiebts ana reduce tut ad&iuistrative load loc
125
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
shippers and cacciets. The plan also identifies all hazards involved IB
"•ixed siipnents" of. •ultipxe products which can be rlamaable,
corrosive, poisonois, or have smilar dangerous properties.
(12) KEYHOKES; HAZARDOUS; IfcDUSTKY; MANAGEMENT; PLANKING; SAFETY;
SYSTEM; IBAINING; TBiNSPOET
(15) STIHS SCC.HO.: OOS34793
(18) DOC.CI1.: Union Carbide seeks industry support for its
hazardous aaterials transit plan. Aaerican Paint and coatings Journal,
60 (23): 16, 18, Nov. 17, 197t>.
It) SHIflb ACC.NU.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOfii: 09 (2) SOIiJ.TlfPE: G (10) PUB.
1975
(11) AbSlBACT: Internationally, efforts hav^ teeii going on in tue
last few years to improve the safety aspects of novenent and handling
c£ hazardous cheaicals. The two areas oi greatest concentration are the
retention of the cheoicals within their conveying units and the
development of an operational system to deal guickly and properly with
accidents or escapes that Bay occur. Safety aspects wnich have ceen
developed sc tar include; (1) Packaging for conveyance by rail, true*.
(to withstand a fall from a truck) and sea (to withstand ieaxagb tor up
to 3 oonths or until recovery). Ifle aim is to ensure that package
contents are retained despite relatively poor handling; (2)) General
instructions which designate routing, Barking for danger, product
identification and codes of practice for loading and ort-loadiuj ror
hazardous Materials; (3) Hazard coding, using an abbreviated couiu^
systen to identify the chenical and provide instructions for energeucy
advice and assistance. It is suggested that codes appear on the outside
cf the containers, and also tne conveyance which will net only identify
the cheiical involved, but give instructions for eaeryezicy procedures
to be followed until local tire authorities arrive. Segregation of
hazardous products fron food and clothing and from other chemicals
likely tc interact is already reguirea for sea, air, and lana
transport. Mort and Bore warehouses are adopting the sane standards.
(12) KEYHOfiDS: CHEHJCAJ.; aAZAaUOUS; INTEHNAT10K Ai.; PACKAGING;
SAfETY; STANDAfiD; TKANSPOBT
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ3506
(18) DOC.Cl'I.: Headowcrott, A. k. IV Environneuta 1 protection in
the distributicn of hazardous cneaicals. Chtmical society ht-views,
-------
Section 6
PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(1) SWIRS ACC.JiO.: 043102
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: oy (^) SOcJ.TKPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLi.: Verfahren zur Kerfestigung und Einnapseiung von
Sonderabfalien zu» 2wecke der Aolagerung. (Solidiiieatioij and
encapsulation of special wastes lor disposal) .
(«) AUTHOR: Sonneburger J
(6} JOURKAL TITLE: Chemie-lDyenieur-T
(10) LANGUAGE: GS (10) PUb. YEAfo
(11) ABSTRACT: Difficulties in treatment aua disposal ol liquids,
slurries and sludgei. are increased oy their nonsoiid atate. Procieas
are also caused i>y special wastes due to their generally hign content
of harmful substances as well as other Hazardous properties.
Transfornation of such special wastes into solid and largely
nonreactive products could otter u possibility of avoiding the
difficulties at conventional disposal facilities. Solidification
processes are also of interest because they open a way to dispose ot
wastes not only at special waste disposal facilities out also 3ointly
with residential wastes at ordinary landfills. Keceutxy solidification
processes have been developed and are, in part, co«»erciaily applied in
various countries. Utilization or landfill disposcil of the
solidification products deiianas the definition of certain ainimuffl
requireaents. Requirements, with regard to water pollution prevention
(e.y. leachaDility) are Bore ciifiicult to forauiate tnan ottier
reguireaents unrelated to water protection (e.g. streugtuj .
(t2) KEI80RDS: DISPOSAL; ^ACli-ITS; HAZARDOUS; LlyUIb; RtGULATlOSS;
S LODGE; SLURB it; i>OLID; fh£Ar»£Nl-
(tl) H1ERARCH TEhMS: 1HC/ZUP; 1iV
(15} STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS471b!>
(16) CITATION: 50(5):32^-331, Hay 1y7u.
(T) SK1RS ACC.NO.: O
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CA TEiiOttX : (il (2) SOBJ.fypE: z\ S
(3) ARTICLE 1'ITLi.: Field verifiedtion of .Hazardous waste aigratioii
from land disposal sites.
(H) AUTHOR: Gicfa JP
(6) bOOK TITLL: In Disposal oi fiesidues on j_aud Proceediuys:
National Conference on Disposal 01 ne^idues on Land, i>t. Louii, Mu,
Sep. 13-15, 1976.
(10) LASGUAGh: fc» (10) G^o. ARtA: US/^II (1u) PUb. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Soil coring a, noted as an effective tool for
napping sigration patterns of cnejicd-i pollutants ttirouc.,a earth
materials. A field study ttas cimductea in Illinois to verify tne
migration of hazardous wa.vte noai l^na disposal sites. An extensive
drilling program to obtain uacoiisoliCdted seaiwent cores ana
groundwater saapies vas undertaKen at each site. Cheaicai analyses 01
core and grounded ter iaapies were penormtd to deiine vertical and
horizontal migration patterns ot cnencai pollutants through shallow
glacial deposits and aquiier tiot^its, seasonal varidtions of toxic
chemical levels in crouaa wa Ler, and lesiauaa toxic cbtaaiicai buildup in
uuconsol judated materials in the vicinity oi laj.Li ais^osa^ sites. In
addition to oeing etf*_-ctive in BappjLiia jn^ratioii ^atterns or cneaiical
pollutants, soil coxiay also provided tield dota to verify the
127
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
effectiveness of various soil types to absori) or retain different
cheaical pollutants. (Retained in SttlSS library) .
(t2J KEYWORDS: ANALXilS; LrtiiMlCAL; DISPOSAL; GKOUM1) S*ATi,R;
HAZARDOUS; ILLINOIS; INVESTIGATION; LAND; SITiS
(It) HIE8ARCH TEKMS: IhC/VAN ; 1S'i'
(tb) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46S19 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Cartwright K
(16) CITATION: Rockville, KD, Information ITansfer Inc., 1977.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: OU7Gi*7
(2) DUHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; 09 (2) SUhJ.TYPE: S; I
{3} AHTICLE TITLi: Profile report: gelatinized nitrocellulose (PNC)
(U) AUTHOR: ttluaenthai JL
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: TR« Systems Group
(6} BOOK TITLE: In Hazardous Baste Disposal Prograa, Eighth Monthly
Report.
(8) ST1S NO.: P6-257 J3 1 (6) REPOHT NO.: IKH-21td5-600a-Tu-00
(9) CONTRACT SO.: JiPA-6b-03-UOb9
(10J LANGUAGE: Ed (10) PUti. K£Afi: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The hazardous properties ana aanagenent of plastisol
nitrocellulose (PNC) naste are discussed. P8C is generally uot
considered toxic as such or reactxve with the sjcin. IL a vet condition,
however, solvents used in its nanufacture or for shipping «ay .be
dangerous and present the greatest toxicity hazard in handling. Dry PJIC
is an extreme fire hazard and proper care should be taken in its
handling and storage. PSC is less dangerous when stored wet with
solvents or *ater. Due to tne f lanmaDAiity of many solvents, a tire
hazard still exists. The sensitivity of PSC to fire and explosion, as
with nitrocellulose, requires that ail scrap and waste rroa preparation
be saintained in a «et state xor destruction. Waste PNC should t>e
collected in drums or fiberooard coiitaiiiors lined with conductive
polyethylene bags. Open burning and controlled incineration are
described as two disposal processes, i'he treatsent of PMC waste in
national disposal sites is evaluated. (Retained in SHlKi library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT; J?KOCESS;
SITES
BIEKARCH TEirfMS: 1HC/2D1'; iHC/Vi't; 1MA/^TQ
STI8S ACC.NO-: OOS4(>luO (15} SECONDARY AUTHOriii: Clausen JF;
Dal Porto DF
(16> CITATION: iiasfiiiivjton, DC, U.i. Knviroiiaieutai Protection
Agency, Sep. 1972. p.!65-t69.
(1) S«IRS ACC.siO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2)
(4) AUTHOR: Reeder Lti
(5) CORPufiATE AUl'boR: Louis R, «ec-der and Associates
(fc) EOOK XITLE: Beview and Assessment ot Deep-IS ell Injection ot
Hazardous Waste. V. II.
(8) HTIS SO.: Pb-26i» u02 (L) Rj,i-ui ((J)
COHTBACT SO.: 68-03-2013
{10> LANGUASh: £S (10) PUfa. XEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: This second voiuine 01 a foiir-volume report focusing
on the adequacy of deep well injection systems to receive hazaidoas
waste includes a bitiiography, pateiitx; rexateu to deep sell systems,
and waste characterization proiiits. h total of 10b oeep weil research
projects are identiJied, ana siort- t&an 1,000 papeis related to deep
Well injection ot industrxa^ »tc,ste ft exaiined. A!SI> con&iderea u&a/uv iuciiiiltia are
fflicroaiological reseaicc, dt.-ep well a«d hdzaruous waste research, legal
128
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
aspects, statutes and regulations governing waste injection, case
histories, and a deep well inventory. (Retained in swiRS library).
(121 KEYWORDS: BIBLIOGRAPHY; DEEP WELL; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOOS;
IBDUST8I; PATENT
(14) HIE8ABCB TERHS: 10i; IbC/iiiH'
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSU5947 (15) SECONDARY AUTHGBS: Cobbs JH;
Field j» jr
(16) CITAT1OH: Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Jun. 1977. 493 p. (Environmental Protection Technology Series)
(1) SWIRS ACC.HO.: Oi»68yi
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: Of (2) SUbJ.rYPE: G
(3j ARTICLE TIfLB: Storing and transporting ot barrels under
observation of anti-pollution control.
(<4) AUTHOR: fogel C
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Poerdern and Heben
(10) LAUGOAGE: GH (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2SO (10) FOB. YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Measures are outlined for regulating the handling
and storage of barrels with harmful liquids in a Swiss industrial
enterprise. Recently developed auxiliary means tor transport, tilting,
and storage are delineated. Begulations in Switzerland require barrel
sites to have a trap basin for preventing leakage in designated
ground* a ter regions. The cylindrical barrels have a capacity of 200 1
and a weight of 200-300 kg. Handling and transporting a full barrel
annually necessitates considerable expenditure and presents certain
injury risks. Indoor transportation ot barrels is handled by fork lift
trucks using barrel pallets for laying barrels, or wooden pallets (type
1 800 x 1200 ••) for upright carrels. This aethod is unsatisfactory and
to overcome this shortcoming in a large Swiss plant, a new storage and
transporting method was introduced which meets groundwater conservation
regulations. "Barrel-boys* have been designed which are capable of
picking up a 300 kg barrel from a laying to an upright position safely
and without effort. (Original text in German) .
(12) KEYWORDS: HAZARDOUS; INDOSIfif; PROCESS; STOBAGE; SW1T2 tKLAUD ;
TfiAHSPOHT
(t<*J HIE3A8CH TEfcHS: 1HC; 1SW/2C2; 1Tr/2«l
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: GOS4i>*0&
(16J CITATION: 26 (9) : 974-975, Jul. 1976.
(1) SW1RS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: U9 (i) SOBJ.TYPE: U
(3) AfiTICLt; TITLE: Twin Cities return $3,70u,000 EPA grant.
(4) AOTHOH; Genis 6
(6) JOURNAL TlTLfc: iinvironaent Hidwest
(10) LANGUAGfc; K8 (10) GKO. AEKA: 1US/2M»/3MP (1^1 POiJ- YEAR:
1978
(11) ABSl'RACT: An interview with o. Genis, a aember of the
Binnesota Pollution Control hoard coamttee set up to facilitate the
siting ot a hazardous waste disposal tacility, exj;lains way attempts to
find an acceptable site in tbe Minneapolis, flxnnesota, area failed. The
Twin Cities area has returned an iPA yrant of $3.7 million tor
construction of such u facility alter the coauittee failed to find a
site. The committee firat considerea technical result emeuts for siting,
and involved citizens groups and public reactions wherever feasiole.
The technical input tw the tilting evaxuation project was considered
useful and valiQ, but public opposition arose *nen geological factors
revealed that tour tentative sites &ere not really sate. Generally
speaKing, the public testimony reintorced tne concept that the
techc icai and geological problems wert- &uch tnat the i-itei- could not
possibly be utilized. It was concluded that the puolic was tiducated in
the process of the hearings and site evaluation discussions to the fact
that Minnesota needs a hazardous wa;>t« disposal facility, even though
its siting there was opposed-
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; IIA2 AiOJUi; flN.HEi.CrA; SITES
(14) UIEBAKCH TfiiiBi;: laC/2Dr; 1HC/2PT
(15) STIHS ACL. SO.:
(16) CITATION: P.5-t>,
129
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SBI8S ACC.NO.: OM7709
(2) DOHESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 U) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ABT1CLE TITLE: The question oi depositing solidified acidic
resins.
(H) AUTHOR: Gerschler LJ
(6) i>OOK TITLE: In Solidification and Encapsulation of Waste
Products for Storage Purposes, Conference at Berlin on Sep. 23-24,
1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) GKO. AREA: 1EU/2GN/3BK (10) FOB. YEAR:
1*76
(11) ABSTRACr: The issue of depositing soiidiiied acidic resins is
explored. Acidic resins and waste products such as solution «edia,
wastewater, and used bleached soil occur »fith the processing of oil.
Possibilities for the eliaination or Acidic resins are noted, including
incineration, lime water, potassium silicate, calcium, underground
depots, and pyrolysis. Acidic resin solidification with various
additive materials is viewed as proaising. Neutralization and
solidification are possible with the rollowmg materials: domestic
refuse, potassium silicate, calcim, liae water, special calciua, clay,
styropor, polyurethane waste, alsaline ash, aad slag. The
characteristics of solidified acidic resins are described, and
processes involved in solidification are detailed. (Retained in SHIRS
library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; GEKBAN*; HAZARDOUS; UIL; PBOCESS; fiESIfc
(It} rilERARCrf TE&Hi: tHC/^Kf; 1UL
(IS) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00346762
(16) CITATION: Berlin, Ceraany, Berlin Technical University, 1976.
p.101-113.
(1) SWIRS ACC.SO-: 047708
(2) BOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUiJJ.TrPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Criteria i«r the solidification and
encapsulation of special waste products witfc regard to such aspects as
depot operations and the long term safety and screening in the case of
surface depots.
(14) AUTHOR: Massxann K
(6) BOUK riTLfci In Solidiiicdtiou and Encapsulation of kaste
Products for Storage Purposes, Conference at Berlin on Sep. 23-24,
1976.
(tG) LANGUAGE: titt (1U) GEO. AREA: 1EO/2Gh/3iJB (10) PUW. IE1B:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Criteria to t/e aet before the solidification process
can oe recoanended for waste Banageaent operations are examined. In
contrast to a denes tic waste depot., a special waste depot, represents a
much greater hazard to tne environment. The aaiii reg_uire«ent from the
standpoint of water conservation is that the deposit »ass in a special
waste depot should be snieiued as much as possible iron the natural
water system. Deep groundwater may not cose in contact with tne mass,
and groundwater near the surface Bust be directed away with applicable
technology. Additionally, condensed water must be kept away froa the
•ass by covering and shielding- The issue of where solidification
should taKe place is discussed. Criteria suggested for the deposition
of special waste pertain to the following aspects: leachability of the
end product, strength of special waste types, end products of
solidification processes, structure of solidification processes, and
solidification products with iiaited water per»eability. (Retained in
SHIfiS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CRITERIA; UEKMANX; bBOUND fcATEK; HAZARDOUS;
HABASEaEBT; PROCESS; SAFETY
(14) HIERARCfi TERBS: IGk; 1HC/2fT; ISa
(16) STIMS ACC.NO.: UOS46761
(16) CITATION: Berlin, Geraany, uerlin Technical university, 1976.
p.9t-100.
130
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(t) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047704
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOK1: 0!* (2) SbbJ.TYi'K: S; T
(3) AKTICLE TITLE: Encapsulation ot toxic Hastes xn concrete rings.
(4) AUTHOR: kuckei H
(6) BOOK I'lTLK: In Soliditication and Encapsulation of Waste
Products for Storage Purposes, Conference at Berlin ou Sep. 2.J-24,
1976-
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GBO. AKEA: 1KU/2GS/JbH (10) PUB. BEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A method for encapsulating toxic waste in concrete
rings is descrioed. In the construction ot the special waste depot,
loaa soil which supported plant life was already present. A aouule
layer of loa* was laid on tne earth, and a drainage layer in a sand bed
«as placed on top 01 this layer oi loam. A top layer »as added to
protect drainage when the first iay^r ot sp^ciaj. refuse was applied.
Three standard, commercial concrete riugs were placed on top ot each
other on a loam layer added to the protective top layer. Seams were
sealed with aortar, and a Case ot concrete was laid. 1'he inner and
outer surface of the structure were covered with a layer of inert
substances to prevent water iron leaking into the structure. *hen toe
space was filled with toxic waste, ihe rings were closed with concrete
and the surface of the structure was again painted with the ir»ert
substance. For additional safety, loa* was stamped around the rings.
(Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CONCRETE; COKTAlStn; liARTH; GilttiUH*; STORAGE; i'OXlC
(1<») H1ERARCH TERMS: 1HC; 1ST; 1bW/2CVl; 1TH
(15} STIflS ACC.HO.: OOS<467i?
(t6) CITAIIOH: fierlin, Geriaiiy, Btrim Technical University, 1976.
p.73-75.
(1) SNiHS ACC.NO.: 047703
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOKf: Od (2) SUbJ.IYP£: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TlTLf: The i>EAi.03AFt process and operating experiences
with SEALOSAFE.
(4) AUTHOR: Cope CB
(6) BOUK TIXLE: In Solidification and tncapsulation of waste
Products for Storage Purposes, Conference at Berlin on Sep. 2J-24,
1976.
(10) tABGUAGE: Kit (10) UUO. kRKA; 1i.U//t,N/3uH (10) POb. iEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A cheaical treataent process known as SEALuSAfE is
described that transients Liquid, solia, or semisolid waste products
into a sludge like condition. Tne Siudyt? solidities wituan three days
to a hard polyner. The process requires the constructAOH of a regional
treatment installation and the transportation of wastt products froa
their production point to the installation, aaiaful materials in waste
products are bound in the hard poiyiier anct cannot be released to tne
environment without complete decomposition of the polymer. Harmful
materials ot concern are acid:-, aluulines, cyanide, stilride, compounds
ot arsenic, cadnium, zinc, lead, copper, tin, mercury, and nauy others.
The 5EALOSAFE polyaer has six main characteristics that appear to be
important: limited water permeability, not subject to leachina, strong
mechanical solidity, odorless, noucomi/ustibie, and nonbiodegradable.
(Betaxned in SHIRS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; GERHANI; HAZARDOUS; LIQUID; SLODUE; SOLID;
TREATMENT
(14) UIBSARCH TERMS: IHC/^PT
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS46756
(16) CITATION: Berlin, uermany, Berlin Technical University, 1976.
p.58-72.
131
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(I) SMIRS ACC.JiO.: OU77UO
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CArfc'GORY: On (2) bOtj.'riPE: S; i'
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Solidification ana sealing procedures tor highly
poisonous or radioactive wastes.
(4) AOTHOK: Kagnex G
(6J BOOK TITLi: In Solidification aua Encapsulation ot *aste
Products for Storage Purposes, Conference at oerlin on Sep. 23-24,
1976.
(TO) LANGUAGE: r.h (10) GiA). AfiiiA: 1x,U/2viN/jnR |10) PUJJ. /EAff:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Guidelines for the solidm.cdtJ.on and sealing of
radioactive waste are presented, since (.tie decomposition of radioactive
elements cannot be effected by chemical reactions, there is not basic
aiter native to solidiiication and sealing for tneir treatBent. Types of
radioactive waste vary yreatiy: aqueous solutions, organic liyuids,
sludge from filter prt-conceiitrates, Vaponzeu concentrates, suspensions
of power or bead resin ion exchangers, and in part coauustitjle solid
waste. Ihe selection of the correct treatment process is determined by
requirements tor leaching stability, irradiation stacility, pressure
stability, and f lamabili ty tnat are placed on er,u prouucts.
Conditioning measures for radioactive waste are discussed, including
bitusiuization, cementing, casting L*siits, ana polymerization.
(hetained in SHIRS library) .
(12) KEKilOHOS: GEhHANK; H«ZAKDOUi,; nAOlOAcllVK; U«EAl'«i*ir
(14) H1EBABCH TEKHS: 1HC/2PI'; 1iiU
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS46/53
(16) CITATION: Berlin, ^eraany, Berlin lechnicai UniyersiLy,, 19/6.
p. 19-27.
(1) SK1R3 ACC.JIO. : U
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAiEbOK*: Oy (2) SUbJ.TlfF£: 5
(3) AKTICLt ril'Lfc: Capacity oi soils lor nazardous organic
substances.
(4) AOraofi: Martin JP
(6) BOOK TITLK: In Composting or Municipal hesis and Sludges,
1^77 National Conference, Aug. ^3-2t>, 1977.
(10) LANGUAGE: fcM (1U) FOB. XEAfa; 1^7b
(11) ABSTBACI: 1'he impact ot hazardous organic substances on soil
is evaluated, with particular emphasis on tne biological degradation
mechanise or soil for destroying or detoxityiug hazardous organic
substances. Phenolic suostances, whicn enter the soil tarouga pj.ant
lead and root litter, and the application of organic amendments to soil
such as compost, animal aanure, and sluage, auu indastirai Baat€i, are
discussed. Consideration is also yiven to pesticides and soil humus
formation. The side effect of toxic chemicals on soil properties and
plant growth are explored in terms oi botn biological and chemical
parameters. 1'he persistence oi pathogtmc organisas such as viruses,
bacteria, protozoa, and parasitic worms in soil is addressed. (Detained
in SWISS library) .
(12) KEItfuRDS: i.ARTt:; HAZARDOUS; i-;ICKoORGAI*ISfl ; OftGAMlC; i'AfiASIft;
TOXIC
H1ERARCH TEhMS: 1HC/2AM; 1KB; IS'X
STIHS ACC.Mo.: OOS46btJ7 (Ibj S£cOJ«i;ABI AUTiioRS: Page Ai
(16) CITATION: Rockviile, &l>, InioraaLion Transrer, inc., Iv7a.
(\) S«lRi> ACC.flO.: 040644
(2) tOHESriC: D (2) CilBGOaK: Ov (^!) oUi>J .XI Pi.: T
(3) AKTICLE TITLfc: Apparatus ioi opening and cashing cans.
(4) AUTHOR: Rnapp HC
(7) PATEMT DATA: O.S. Potent No. 4,Ui»o,41<:
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) PUB. XEAK: 1i«77
(11) ABSTRACT: A cetnod and a means are presented for automatically
opening and washing cans containing dangerous or hazardous materials.
The method provides safety to the operator of the machine and speed oi
operation. The device supports the can on one ot its iattraj. sides tor
a sliding movement from a prepunch position to a punch position. A
knife is positioned adjacent to tee tap-port a.uu has a cuttiuy eagu
±32
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
presented toward the bottom ot the can so that the knife will
destructively pierce the bottom of the can whenever the can is manually
forced against the knife. The kni±e is shaped to provide a channel for
liquid contents of the can to drain whenever the can is pierced by the
knife. A spray nozzle is counted with respect to the Knite so as to
protrude within the interior of the can whenever the unite pierces the
can. A timing device causes the sprayiny of the can interior throughout
• 30-second cycle.
(12) UYUOBDS: AUTOMATIC; CLEANUP; CONTAINED; EQUIPMENT; liiiAHDOOS;
OPBI; PATENT
(14) BIERA6CH TEKBS: Id; 1BC/2DP
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS45696 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Galloway CR
(16) CITATION: filed Jan. 8, 1976 issued Nov. 15, 1977.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 046235
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOHI: 0* (2) SUfaO.TY.PB: S; X
(5) COHPORATE AOTUUR: North Atlantic treaty Organization
(6) BOOK riTLE: V.A.T.O. Committee on the Haste Material of Modern
Society Pilot Study on the Kli.Bino.tion or Danyerous hastes, heport on
the Sob—Project of Underground Depositions.
(10) LANGUAGE: B« (10) PUB. ¥EAk: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A pilot study on the elimination ol dangerous wastes
through underground deposition was carried out. Ine objective was to
determine circumstances and conditions. Doth tectonic and economic, in
which the dumping of dangerous solid, viscous, or liquid wastes into
inactive or partially active mines can be realized salely while
avoiding creating water pollution. Geological and geograpnic criteria
were postulated as: dry and impermeable deposits, stable loce walls,
lack of wall reaction, homogeneous conditions, zones not subjected to
seismic shock, nonfaulted zone, deposit inclination, thick and widely
spread layer, location in a low region with easy year-round access, and
location in a region not subject to giaciatiou or ocean encroachment.
Technical criteria tor such deposition were established tor: mines
either exploited by chambers, or columns at one level; parallel
ventilation of deposits between them; average depth mines; and
sufficient manipulative and control provisions and equipment.
Detection, surveillance, and control requirements are identified, and
various mineralogic formations are considered for such deposition. It
is concluded that, in order of preference, layered salt, potassium,
domed salt, gypsum, granite, limestone rock, and clays are suitable
depositories. It is recommended that specific characteristics of waste
materials and their compatibility with the deposition location and
qualities be considered in selecting a site, safety and management
measures are suggested. Underground elimination ot hazardous wastes can
be justiiied if it dous not noxionsiy affect the biosphere or hamper
extraction of minerals or subterranean water, (original text in
English; French translation retained in s*IRs library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CRITERIA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EMVXKONflEBT;
GEOLOGIC; HAZARDOUS; SITES; OHDERGROUKD
(1») B1ERABCH TE*t«i>: 10P/2HC; 1Di-/2hP: 1HC/2Df
(15) STIRS ACC.NO.: 00345266
(16) CITATION: Geneva, Switzerland, North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, 1976. 48 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 046137
(2) DOMESTIC: I) (2) Ci j'JE^OhlE: u* (2) bUBJ -Ttfl.: f
(<4) AUTHOR: Kover f
(6) BOOK riTi.K: Considerations Delating to Toxic i»uustaiict:s in tne
Application of Municipal Sludge to cropland and Pastureiand (A
Background Summary).
(8) UTIS BO.: PB-263 OOo (t») hti'ORT «0.: jtPA i60/d/76/J04
(10) LANGUAGE: £* (10) PUb. IE Ate: 1!*76
(11) ABSTRACT: Background information concerning the potential
health hazards from toxic substances nfhet-i disposing or utilizing
municipal sludge on agricultural 4anus is preheated, particular note is
made of croplands and pastureiands mere the products eater tne human
food chain. Some ot the toxic* elements aud synthetic organic chesucal
substances known to be present in municipal sludges are considered and
133
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
only readily available intonation is used. The ran ye ot concentration
in municipal sludge, rn unamended soil and the mean level in dry soil
of 69 trace elements and eight organics (mostly pesticides) are
tabulated. Applicable and available data concerning the potential
hazards iron toxic substances are scarce but the following topics were
considered in detail: volume, types and composition of municipal
sludge; elements and substances found in Municipal sludge; plant uptake
of chemical substances from municipal sludge amended soil; the aspects
of health effects; and the literature cited. A sludge information
summary is included in toe appendix. (Retained in SHIKS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CROP; ENVIRONMENT; FOOD; HAZARDOUS; HUMAN;
IHVESTIGAT1UH; LAND; LITEHASJHi;; HETAL; MON1C1PALII1; PESTICIDE; SLUDGE
(14) HIERAfiCH TERMS: 1HC/2DP; 1HY/2DP; 1SP/2DP; 1SP/2HE
(15) ST1BS ACC.NO.: 00345206
(16) CITATION: Washington, DCS O.i». tnvironmeiital Protection
Agency, Mov. 1976. 24 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 04603d
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oa (2) SUbJ.TIPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Fighting leachates in the trenches.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Haste Age
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. IEAK: 1*78
(11) ABSTRACT: A manufacturer of wet cell batteries, informed that
the treatment process was causing environmental pollution, experimented
with bentonite cut-off walls. Although they have great potential for
use in waste control, these walls, or slurry trenches, nave normally
been used only in construction projects. The plants sulphuric wastes
had been processed by dilution, lime, addition, and pumping into tour
settling ponds. It was found that contaminants could leak, through pond
soil banks into a nearby river via the water table. To solve the
problem, slurry trenches were constructed which encircled all four
ponds and penetrated one foot into an impervious subsurface snale
layer. A total of 850 lineal ft of 30 in. wall to a depth ot 20 ft was
constructed at a cost of $65,000. Monitoring wells located outside tne
slurry walls have shown no trace of pond liquor since the installation.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; CONSTRUCTION; CONTROL; EFFLUENT; HAZARDOUS;
HUE; 80»ITOR; POLLUTION; SKTTLKBENT; SLURRY; SOLFUK; TRENCH
(14) HIEHARCB TERMS: 1HC; 1LH; 1KE/2C2; 1WE/2HE; MB/218
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS45088
(16) CITATION: 9(1):61-62, 76, Jan. 1978.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 045891
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYfE: S; 1'
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Microwave plasma detoxification of hazardous and
toxic materials.
(*») AUTHOR: Oberacker DA
(6) BOOK TITLE: News of Environmental fiesearcn in Cincinnati.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10J PUB. 1EAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Microwave plasma detoxification was studied as a
process for the destruction of selected pesticides. The research
project was initiated in 1970 and, in 1975, a feasibility study to test
the microwave plasma detoxitication process on several pesticides and
toxic waste was conducted. A microwave reactor was modified to allow
for tke injection of liquids anct solutions. Waste types selected for
testing were malathion, methyl bromide, polychlorinated fixphenyl,
pheaylmercuric acetate, and kepone. Analytical methods employed were
•ass spectroscopy which yie-idea information on the identification of
gaseous products produced and infrared analyses vnich determined liquid
and solid effluent aaterials deposited in product receiver traps. Gas
chromatography and standard quantitative tecimivjues for mass balance
and heavy metals were adopted as lequired. Microwave plasma
detoxification was deaonstrated to i>e an effective and economically
competitive process for pesticiae destruction. (Retained in SiUrtS
library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; KCOHUC1ICS; EQUIPMENT; liAZAKDOUS;
PESTICIDE; PROCESS; RESEARCH; TOXIC
(14) H1BRARCH TE8BS: 1EA/2EA; laA/2HF; 1PK; 1HE; 1TD
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS) SECONJiABS AUTHORS: Lees S
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Oct. 1977. * p.
134
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.:
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CiTfcGUhi; 0^» (Z) SubJ.T^t'E: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: heeder Li<
(6) BOOK TITLE: Review and Assessment of beep-tiel! Injection of
Hazardous Haste. Volume 1.
(8) HTIS NO.: PB-k6i)l;01 (bj KBPO«T No.: i.PA -600/2-77-02 Ja (9)
COSTRACT SO.: 6&-03-2013
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GUJ. AhiA: 1US/YJ.A; HIS/2TX (10) *>Uc.
TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A review and a^seesaent as made of the ade-juacy of
deep-well waste injection systtat. to receive hazardous wastes. The
effects these wastes have upon the environment when injected into
subsurface reservoirs are detailed. A cosprenansive oiluiography ,
chemical waste profiles, deep-well inventory, case histories,
•icrotdological researcn, deep-well ana hazardous waste researcn, legal
aspects, and an inventory ot statutes and regulations governing waste
injection are discussed. Hore than l,uOU papers related to deep-well
injection of industrial waste were reviewed, identifying 1Ui> aeep-weil
related and 186 hazardous waste treatae.. researcn projects. ProDiess
stened from a failure to uue availarue 'jeolo^ic information and
accepted and proven engineering practices in location, aesign, anu
operation of deep-well eystens- It is suggested tnat standard
regulations among states are needed to alleviate problems arising from
use of interstate aquifers tor injection and tor sore effective
manageaent and control of deep-well t>ystens. it was concluded tnat
additional information is neeaea on sala^uiter chemistry, cneaiical ana
Microbiological reactions ot waste within a receiving Sdiuguiter, and
nonitoriny of deep-well systests as a ,,/reaictive tool. (Ketained in
SBIRS library) .
(12J KEXHORD3: i^ficP *iLi-; DISPOSAL; hCOSo.lICS ; £H VIKOhHEhi1;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LA * ; i-iCiM^h.; UJUlSiJlN A ; MANAGtK ihf; MONITOR;
REGOLATIOSS; RESEARCH; i'lSXAS; UMUthliKUOND
(14) HIERARCH TEHWS: IDti; 1l)J/2i»l; 1Hri/2Hi
(1SJ SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS4t|^l^ ( »5) SK^-ONDAK/ AOTHUKb:
Field JH JR
(t6) CITATION: Cincitibati , Jh, U.S. £uv ironaental Protection
Agency. Jun. 1977. 186 p.
(1) SWIRS ACC.fcU.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) LA j'Et,Oi> i : Uy t^) SinxJ .TY J-E : U
(6) BOOK TITLE: Dispo^a^ 6i Hazardous Wastes: hecojim^niiea
Procedures for Hazardous *at.te dacagenent.
(10) LANGOAGfc: KN (10) GfcO. A&tA: 1i.U; 1U.1 (10) IUU. HEAR: 197?
(11) ABSTRACT ; frocedutts anu criteria tor the naUdgettent 01
hazardous waste are discussed fros uii ii.ters.a tjonal standpOj.nt.
Fundaaental concepts that countries participating ID the Nortn Atlantic
Treaty Organization (KAl'O) aay collectively encompass in taeir
hazardous waste managt-ien t .-jcueaei; arc jortrayed. The is&ue ot aefining
hazardous waste is diixru^toeu ir^.n, t*o ptispec i,ivei., existiny ^tututory
definitions and regolatory oel initioks. '(iaete saapluiy and waste
analysis techai.'iuet> e*pio/eu t>) i.AT^. v-ouiitr*.e-. ur.; exuaintsd. It is
pointed out tbat appr«.«»o&os tu L,^.te ..^Itcti^n tor tint disuocdi oi
hazardous waste are general_/ less well developed tnar, approaches to
tae definition i;uue. Jilt selection criteria are coiir-ateu, and soil
characteristics and giounrt *ater coauitions are noted at> the MhyaiCdl
factors ot greatest concern, it is demonstrated that iong-teri care ot
hazardous waste it; A relative ay ui.dk.v>»ioped area ot coiisiaeratioii by
SATO countries. Consideration is ^iveii to facility peimitL, container
labeling, and facility satety. (Detained in SwJl,S litraryj .
(12} SEYWORDS: ASALYS13; uhFI Jfll'lua; EURUH".; hA/,Au^UUS; fthl! AGtMtlSr;
PLANNING; REGULATIONS; SITEi; US
UI2RARCH TERMS: IOD//UW; IL^/^hi1; IHA/iHr.; 1.'.A/2rtC
SUMS ACC.NO.: 00344907
(16) C1TA110N; north Atlantic 'frosty urbanization, Jun. 1y7V. y5 p.
135
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(t) SB1BS ACC.NO.: 0
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CAreGORK: 0* (2) sObJ.TJffi: S; f
(6) BOOK TITLE: Dispot.ax of Hazardous Wastes: Landfill.
(to) LANGUAGE: £« (ioj G£u. ARE*: ICD; itu; IDS (iGj PUB. YEAR:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: I he extent to whica landfills ure esipioyed to
dispose of hazardous wdiSte in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
countries is assessed, Landfill use in Canada, DenmarK, .France, the
Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, the United
Kingdon, and tiie United States is, described. Tne iiaportance of
preventing waste pollution is stressed, and some examples of water
pollution problems and other possible hazards caused ic, National Science foundation, Jul.
1971. 60 p.
(1) :>«IR;> ACC.«0.:
(2) DOMESTIC: L< (2) CATEt-UHlf: u? (2) SU£>J, TJtPi: i>; T
(3) ABXICLi, I'lrLr;: trace aittais in ucallops frofc Kitnin and around
two ocean disposal sites.
(4) AUTHuH: Pesch G
(6) JOURNAL i'll'LK: «arine Pollution bull
(10) LANUOAGE: i,H (10j VuB. XEAK: 1a77
(11) AhSTHACI': The area^. distriuutions of tne concentrations of 13
aetals in sea scallop tissues wtre tiaHiined in the vicinity ot two
ocuan disposal sites jocated off tfle u.S. Biia Atlantic coast. Betal
contd ainaiit.i. deteriaiiitd iiiciudfe-u j.rur., copper, chiojiiuB, tiluainum,
lead, cotd.lt, nicK»;I, vanadium, caaaiiua, zauc, salver, and
136
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
titaniun. Patterns ot aetals distribution showed that five specific
metals (silver, copper, nicKe-L, cadmium, and vanadium] may be used as
identification tags for individual wastes disposed at the two sites.
Disposed materials tended to L>e transported by currents south and
southwest from the disposal site;.. It was concluded that biological
availability and potential toxicity ot the metals pose a threat to
marine biota.
(12) KEYWORDS: AfcALYSlS; blOLOGJcAL; HAZAfiDOBS; HKALTK; HiTAL;
OCEAS; TOXIC; ThAMSPOkT
BIESAkCH TEKBS: IOD/21>K; 11>D/21>U; IHA/ZHf
STI»S ACC.NU.: OOS44i>3'J { li>; SECOKDAKY AUTHORS: keynolds B;
Roger son tf
CITATION; 8 (10) :224-22b, Oct. 1977.
(1) SHIHS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOBESIIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0!» (2) SU&J.TXPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Characteristics of percolate of solid and
hazardous waste deposits.
(4) AUTHOR: Bruaner OB
16} JOUB8AL TITLK: J Aaer Ktr SOCKS Assoc
OOJ LABGIJAL5I;: KS (10; POfa. HEAR: 1«77
(11) ABSTRACT: Laiyfe quantities oi solid and hazardous wastes
require land disposal. Thouyh methods exist for controlling or
eliminating the environaental danages caused by such wastes, the
operating and design conditions nust be refined. Percolates fro«
landfilied eunicipal tolid waste contain organics and «etals in greater
concentrations than aoaestic nastenater. The voluae of j-ercolate is
highly dependent on disposal site hydrogeology, as influenced by
dilate, site design and operation. Properly operated sanitary
landfills will not pollute groondwater when appropriate controls are
pro*ided as determined by a detailed hyrogeological survey. Disposal of
hazardous wastes requires special evaluation of natural and artificial
methods to prevent ground water contamination. Ground and surface water
incidents are abundant when solid and hazardous wastes have oeeu
disposed of inproperly. The water industry needs to be aware of all
waste disposal practices and should assess the impact these practices
have on water quality.
(t2) KZY.IOBDS: CONTfiOL; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; GKOOHD wATES;
HAZARDOUS; LAND; iEACH; MANAGJittJiNT; BKTAL; HUHICIPALITY. ; ORUAIilC:
; QOALJXX; REFUSE; SAMTAH1 JLAHCFILL; SOJLli)
(14) H1EKAHCH TEhflS: 1DD/20* ; 1GD; 1HA/2ar
(15) STIflS ACC.SO.: OOS44492 (15) bECONDAhlf AUTHUHS: Carnes 8A
{16} CITATION: fe9 (8) : 453-4SO , Aug. 19 ~tl.
(»J SilSS ACC.NO.: 04S326
(2J JOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY: i* t^J SUJ8J.TYPL: i; H
(3> ARTICLE TITLE: Loaciidte and gas «onitorin,j and analysis.
(4) AUTHOR: Lofy i<
C5) COBPORATE AUTHOR: SCS tngiiieers
(6) bOOS TITLE: In Envirouaentai Hsse^ssent ot bUD^urface Disposal
of fSunicipal Hasxewjter fredtaent SluuijK, Interia RHpurt. aT«ACT NO,: 6tt-01-310b
(10) LANGUAGE: EH '10} PUb. 1EAK: 1977
(il) AbSl'KACF: .Monitoriay nai; pertoraed at ei^ht case s%.ucly sites
to assist in coapjeting an ,i.sse:_3i»eiit ot tne trnviroaientai itpact of
waste water treatsieut siudg*: disposal in laiidfizls. Keasuceaiints ware
aade of decusspo^ition gas conati td-jiits, Jearadte Duality i««edi«ttely
b«lo* disposal sites, and ground water Duality at two deptns in tne
presuned dowajstresft direction froii disposal sites. Three »onjtonug
wells wer
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
as pH, total solids, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total Kjeldahl
nitrogen, chloride, sulfate, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen
demand, calcium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, and lead.
(1^) KEYBOBDS: ANALYSIS; GASSES; LEACH; HEASUfiEBESTS; HOH1TOR;
QUALITY; SITES; SLUDGE
(14) HIERARCH TEBMS: UC; 1HK; 1S1/2SX
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44373
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1977. p.27-30.
C1) SBIRS ACC.HO.: 045263
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGOfiJ: Oi» (2) SUisd.TIPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Land application guidelines tor sludges
contaminated with toxic elements.
(4) AUTHOh: Garrigan GA
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J tftr Poll Contr Federation
(10) LANGUAGE: Kit (10) PUb. HEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: hazards encountered in the application ol Municipal
sludges to soils, and inadvertent use ot unsuited toxic sludges are
discussed. Guidelines protecting against the hazards are reviewed
briefly; however, strict adheranee to the guidelines is not advised.
Several iiBiting factors must be considered in each. case. This applies
to both conservative and liberal toxic element guidelines. Users are to
begin vith an "acceptable sludge" and address the issue ot limiting
factors. These include concentrations ol toxic eleneats, nitrogen and
other nutrients. Care Bust ce taken to insure adequate nitrogen removal
through the soil; the maximum load ol nitrogen which a soil is to
receive must be estimated in each case.
(12) KEIiORDS: ANALIS1S; HAZARDOUS; NITROGEN; QUAKT1TY; SLUDGE;
SOIL; TOXIC
(14) HIERAfiCH TERMS; 1HA/2HF; 1SJ; 1TD
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: QOS4U310
(16) CITATION: 49 (12) :23ao-2389, Dec. 1977.
(1) S¥IRS ACC.SO.: OUUVol
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATiGOKJ: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: G
(4) AOfHOfi: Taylor OA
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Daedalean Associates, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: An Engineering Study on the Eaulsification of
Iniiscible Noxious Liguids Discharged into the Marine Environment by
Chemical Tankers. (8) REPORT 8O-: CG-H-5-77 (9) COKTRACT NO..:
DOT-CG-64919A
(10) LAHGOAGE: EN (10) PUB, lEAh: 1977
(11} ABSTRACT: Annex II or the 1973 IHCO Harine Pollution
Convention linits the wake concentration of certain noxious substances
discharged by chemical tankers. Ennlsification prior to discharge was
considered as a means of assuring the proper dispersion of immiscible
noxious substances. This study includes a review of the theory ot
emulsification and an examination ot specitic types of commercially
available mechanical enulsifiers. The various mecnanical emulsifiers
are evaluated on the basis of: 1) applicability to IBco Category B and
C products; 2} stability of the emulsions formed; 3) chemical
concentration limitations; 4) capacity limitations; 5) feasibility for
use in explosive environments; t>) reliability and maintainability; and
7) operating and capital costs. This evaluation indicates that
cavitating jet enulsification equipment is £>est suited for this
application. Recommended locations on a typical chemical tanker for the
emulsifier, discharge lines, and necessary piping are given. Finally,
recommendations concerning design data for implementation oi the
eaulsification system are presented. (Retained in SWlhS Library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; DATA; DISCHARGE; ENGINEERING; ENtiROjiflEur;
EQUIPMENT; LIQUID; OCEAN
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EE/2EX; 1OA/2OC; 1WA/2BD
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS43b2b (15) SEC08DART AUTHORS: Bochrein AA
Jr; Xhiruvengadam AP
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Coast Guard office of Merchant
Marine Safety, Jan. 1977. 56 p.
138
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0<*39DS
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: ua (2) SUfcJ.ni>E: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Disposal Methods for hazardous wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: Fish KA
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J Oil and Colour Chemists Assoc
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) Gliu. AREA: 1EU/2UK (10) PU^J. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Methods Bout comnouly employed for the disposal or
hazardous wastes are descriuect, including 1) tipping on land, 2)
disposal in deep sines, J) oisfosal at sea, H) chemical,
electrochemical or biological processing to recover materials for reuse
or to reduce hazard to land disposal, aiiu 5) incineration. Land
disposal is most common, but reasons are presented in support ot otaer
nethods, with suggested system ot treatment and type of disposal system
for specific wastes not suitable to land disposal.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; INCIN EKAT Iu« ; LAND; OCEAN;
PROCESS; TREATMENT
(14) HIERARCH TEriflS: IHA/^df; 1HA/2HG
(1b) STIMS iCC.Nu.: OGS42a97
(16) CITATION: 60 (8) : 2*0-2**. 1*77.
(1) SWIRa ACC.NO.:
(2J DOBEbTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY; 11 (2) i.ULJ .TYFh: b;
(t>) CORPORATE AUIHUR: U.S. tnviroumenial frotectoj-i>
(6) iiOOK TITLK: ijaaplintj survey related to possicle enission of
polycblorinated Diphenyls (ictfs) irom tne incinerc-tiori ol donestic
refuse.
(10) LANGUAGE: EB (10) G±.O. AR^A: IUS/^^L/JCH (10) poa.
(11) ABSTRACT: During the three «eek period Octoiiur 21) to Noveooer
7, 1975, a«x>ie«t ana btack sampling tor polyctiiorinated lupnenyis
(PCas) were conducted at a aostestic incinerator in an effort to
quantify tne levels of PCb em iasiotia associated witn the inceration of
domestic refuse. The stacK sampling was performed at an incinerator
equipped with an electrostatic ^recip-ttator using a modified £PA Method
5 sanpling train. Aabient saaiplinij was conducted, upwind ana down»ind
of the incinerator, using hexane as tne solvent in duplicate sets of
taree ilpingers in series. It was concluded that the ^articulate
emissions contain. PCEs; howevt-r, tht am»junt emitted does not results in
a neasurode increase in t-xiuting aatiiejit levels of PUS; the presence
of PCtts xn the vapor state could not De estauiished uecause of
contamination in the xylene usod us the solvent; and the use of hexane
as the absorbing reagent is appropriate lor ambient saapling. (detained
in SW1RS library) .
(12) KLXxOHDS: GAbSES; j.SClNEhAi iON ; PAKl'iCOLATE BATTEfi; PLANT
INDUSTRIAL; SBOiSt.
(14) KIERARcH TEKHS: lIA/llv.
(IS) srias ACC.8O.: 00^4^970
(16) CITATION: Chicago, II., U.S. i,nviron«entai iTutection Agency,
Noveiber 1975. "*"/ p.
(1) SbIRS ACC.NO.: 0«*33i»5
(21 DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOki: u* (2) subJ.tyPK: S; r
(3) AMTICLE TITLE: HazarQuQs waste sanagemeut ana
disposal-industrial.
(4) AUTHOR: Curry NA
l&) BOOK TITLB: In Lana Application of Residuals. Proceedings:
Engineering Foundation Conference, hasten, BD, Sep. 2o-oct. 1, 19/6.
(10J LASGUAGi: EN (10) PUB. lEAh: 1V76
(T1J ABSTRACT: The treatment ana disposal or toxic components of
waste are considered. Toxic residuals include radioactive waste,
pathogens, carcinogens, explosives, toxic elements and coapounds,
incinerator waste, flammable or exothermic materials, waste degradation
products affecting the stability of toxic materials, coapiexing agents,
and pH affecting products. The ability of the following disposal
methods to handle toxic waste is assessed: spiay irrigation, land
farming, sanitary landfilling, cheaical iandfailing, deep well
disposal, salt Beds, and perpetual secure burial. Economic and
139
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
practical aspects of treataent are explored/ frith particular esiphasis
on leachate treataent and segregation versus treatment. Additional
information on the characteristics and disposal of toxic waste is
appended.
(12) KEYHOttDS: CriiJilCAL; UISPubAL; ECUIJUMiCi; FA«M; i
INDUSTB1; IBBIGATION; LAND; LtfACH; MANAGEdilsiX; PAI'HUGUI;
RESIDUE; SANITA8J LANDFILL; POXiC; IBtAU'Hi.NI'
(1*11 HIEBABCH PERMS: 1HA/^Hr; IdA/^BH; IfK; li'U
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOS42*j3
(16) CITATION: Ne» fork, MK, Anetlean Society of civil Engineers,
1976. p.17-38.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 043819
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKY: 0* (2) SUbJ.I'Yi'i.: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Industrial dumps leaking deadly vinyl chloride
gas.
(4) AUTHOR: zeldin M
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Auduoon
(10) LANGUAGE: iN (10) GEO. iRtA: 1US/2CA/3LA; 1US/2NJ (10) PUa.
YEAB: 1*76
(11) ABSTBACT: According to a 0.^. t'nvironmentaJ. Protection. Agency
(JSPAJ study, vinyl chloride has been eeasured at potentially dangerous
levels in the air aLove landfills ii» tos Angeles, Calitornio, aiid
Edison, Hew Jersey, where vastes iro» vinyl plastic plants are
deposited. Four of 17 air saaples taken in a b aontfl period in 1975
contained vinyl chloride concentrations equivalent to or sligntly above
the health standards establisnea cy tne 0. S. Occupational bafety and
Health Adainistration. The Los Angeiet. landfill receives n,000 gallons
ot polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sludge once a aontn. The Liiison landrill
receives 35,000 gallons a week.. Vinyl chloride coucentratioiis also were
found at appreciable distances tro« uie landfills. A nonitoriny program
is recoiaended to deteraine vinyl cQioriae levels in groundxater at PVC
landfills and in nearay lakes and rivers.
(12) KEIfcORDS: AIK; CALIPOBNiA; DISPOSAL; EPA; GAiSES; GBOUttD*ATEH;
HAiAKDOUS; HEALTH; flONI'fOB; MEti JiBfctJT; POLLUTION; K)LXVINYL CHLOKIOE;
SANITABX LANDFILL; SIANDARD; HATEKNAX
(14) HIEBAHCH TEBBS: 1HA/2hi'; 1Ub; 1MK; 1SI>/21'E
(t5) STISS ACC.BO.: OOS42b62
(16) CITATIOii: 7a (2): 120-121, Bar. 1976.
(1) SHIRb ACC.NO.: 043817
(2) OOBESTIC: D (2) CATBGOK*: Oa (^) bUuJ .T5t P£: li
(3) ARTICLE TITLK: Toxic soluble «-aste disposal in a sanitary
landfill site draining to an urban water supply.
(4) ADTBOR: Johnson cj
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Aiericaii Journal of Public Healtn
(TO) LANGUAGE: K (1U) PUb. J£Ah: 1i*77
(11) ABSTRACT: An incident is reported whicn illustrates the need
for better guidelines concerning the disposal of hazardous substances.
6,000 Ibs of supposedly ineffective rat bait *as buried at a sanitary
landfill site, because of the hignly toxic nature of tne iigent in the
bait, sodiuB monofluoracetate (fltfA), the uurial was investigated.
Consultation with the regional poison control center discloses tfldt tfie
suostance would have full potency, was water soluble, and it was
unlikely that it would be biodegradable when curied in a landfill. It
was also discovered taat an interaittent strea» ran by tue disposal
site which drained into a reservoir tor a l«tti,e water district. A field
visit to ttte landfill site confined tnat the site was not suitatile for
disposal of hazardous wastes. The material fcai> removed. Anotner proulea
highlighted by the incident is the siting of sanitary landfills at
recharging areas for a~juiiers. Geologists ana hydrologists should i>e
consulted when sites are selected to avoid contaaination of bater.
supplies by toxic substances, buried at sanitary landfill sites.
(12) HEiHOKUS: CHtfllCAL; liISPOSAL; HAiABDOUS; HtALTh; SANITABi
LANDFILL; TOXIC; HATEHWAi
(14) HIERAhCd TEKHii: 1HA/2BF; lat; ioD; 1TD
(15) i>TIHS ACC.NO.: UOiWb6C
(16) CITATIOK: 57 (5):46o-4fa9, Bay 1977.
140
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(t) SWIHS ACC.KO.: 043705
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGOhY: 11 (2) SOBJ.i'YVE: X
(5) CORPORATE AOTHOB: TRW
(6) BOOK TITLE: Destroying chemical wastes in commercial-scale
incinerators (facility report 6). (d) k£POKT NO.: S»-122c.5 (9)
CONTRACT HO.: Mo. 68-01-2966
(tO) LANGUAGE: KM (10J GKO. AHi;*: 1US/2TX (10) PUd. KiiAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: incineration tests of selected types of chemical
waste were conductea at a contract disposal .facility operated by
fiollins Environmental Services, Inc. in Deer Park, Texas. The
incineration system consists of a rotary Kiln and liquid injection
burner feeding a common afterburner. Tests were performed to determine
the effectireness of thermal destruction of discarded electrical
capacitors containing polychiorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and waste from
the production of nitrochxorobenzene rotary kilu, as a haiaermilled
fluff and as whole capacitors. The PC& tests were performed at maximum
incinerator temperatures and residence time to operate under conditions
of maximum destructive effectiveness. NCB waste was destroyed in the
liquid injection burner at two different tiaste feed conditions to
determine the effect of operating variables, ^articulate stack
emissions were higher for tiie whole capacitor test than tor tne
hammermiiled capacitor test. Overall xaste destruction efficiencies for
PCb's and NCB were over 99.999 percent tor every test except the
incineration of whole capacitors, waere waste residuals in ash reduced
the overall destruction efficiency to approximately 9y.b percent. Data
on the capital and operating costs of the incineration facility are
provided. (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: bOuNEK; CHfiBlCAL; ^OHHERclAL; DATA; DISPOSAL;
ECOJIOHICS; ELECTRICAL; INCINEiiATOh; LIQUID; POL*CtiLOKIHATED; KOTARY
KILN; TEXAS; THERHAi.
(11) tflEHARCrf TEKBS: 1Ai; 1Ci)/2CA/Jt_A; 1EA/2EA; UA/21I; 1IJJ/2IV
(15) STIBS ACC.SO.: OUb42?Ub
(16) CITATION: Washington, tic, U.i. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. 162 p. (Solid «aste Munayement Series).
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 043442
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATBGOHY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPt: (i
(3) IBTICLE TITLE; Boundhili coulu solve toxic disposal poser.
(6) JOURIAL TITLE: New Civil Engineer
(10) LAHGUAGB: £M (10) GEO. AR£A: 1JSU/2UK (10) PUii. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: In Great Britain, use of an abandoned sewage sludge
incinerator for toxic waste disposal is oeiug considered. The new
incinerator is adjacent to a sewage disposal works anu was abandoned as
too expensive to run. The area water Authority does not support the
proposal. The wastes would have to be transported out of the catchment
area in which they are produced and the sewage disposal works
discharges into a drinking water river. The Authority does not consider
the incinerator suitable for uurning liquid waste because there is
concern that toxic wastes should not be treated in a conventional
sewage works since serious contamination of rivers might result. I'he
Hater Authority solution to toxic waste disposal problems is based on
segregating the waste into simple components tor individual treatment.
At least 60 percent of the liquid toxic waste 15 in aoauaoned mine
workings. The whereabouts of an 8 year old toxic waste tip thought to
contain dioxin is discussed.
(12) KtYtfORDS: DISPOSAL; &U&OPE; tifiEAT BRITAIN; HAZAKDOUb;
IMCl»iS8AT10«; LIQUID; POLLUTION; SEUAGE; SLUDGE; fOXlc; HATEAUAK
(1H) HIBHARCH TEhBS: 1DD/2D*; 1hA/2Hi'; UA/2IM
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOS42485
(16) CITATION: (229):T-6, Feb. 3, 1977.
141
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 043478
(2) 0OHBSTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Brooks H
(6) BOOK TITLE: Demilitarization of CS I. Chemical Disposal of CS
by Hyarolysis. (8) BEPOBT 00.: EC-TR-7607B
(10) LABGOAG£: KM (10) GKO- ARK A: 1US (10) PUB. jfEAR: 1y?b
(11) ABSTRACT: A simple, effective chemical disposal method for CS
(0 chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile), suitable tor plant scale and
yielding a salable product, has been developed. The recommended
reaction is aqueous alkaline hydrolysis of CS to o chiorobenzaldehyde.
In the system developed, the reaction goes rapidly to give easily
separated, high purity o chlorooenzaldehyde, with yields ot 70 percent
to 75 percent. (Retained in SwIfiS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ALKALIHE; BY-PRODUCT; CARBON; CHEMICAL; CHLORINE;
DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; HYDROCARBON; HYDROGEN; HYDROLYSIS; MILITARY;
NITROGEN
(14) HIERARCH TEBBS: 1DD/2DW; 1HA/2HG; 1PH
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOS42521 (15) SECONDARY AUThOBS: Davis PM;
Sass S
(16) CITATION: Aberdeen Proving Grouna, Hi), Dec. 1976. 19 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.BO.: 043366
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOBY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPK: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: BacDonald LP
(6) BOOK TITLE: Burning Haste Chlorinated Hydrocarbons m a Ce»ent
Kiln. (8) REPOBT HO.: EPS-4-WP-77-2
(10) LANGOA6E: EN (10) GM). AB£A: 1CD (1U) P0£. SEAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: An experiaental prograa was tested during 19/a to
1976 using waste chlorinated nyarocarbons, containing up to auout 46
weight percent chlorine, as fuel in the gdnuiactuce oi cenent.
Materials burned included lixtures of etnylene dichloride,
chlorotoluene and up to approximately 50 percent polychioriuateu
biphenyls (PCB). These materials were destroyed in the cement kiln with
at least 99.98 percent efficiency iu all cases. Three light cnlorinated
hydrocarbons, dichloromethaue, chloroforn and carbon tetrachloride,
were found in the emissions in the part per billion or lower range. The
quantity of precipitator dust retjuiriiig disposal, as veil as emissions
of particulate matter, increased outing tne test. The chlorine input
from the chlorinated hydrocarbon waste was up to about u-a weight
percent relative to clinker and this effectively reduced the alkali
concentration of the clinker. Burning chlorinated hydrocaruon waste is
a valuable method of destroying hazardous poll'utants and of conserving
fossil fuel. (Retained in SrflRS library).
(12) KEYHOBDS: BUbNlliG; CbKBlCAL; EK1SSIOH; E^OiPBEliT; FOSSIL FUEL;
GASES; HAZARDOUS; HKDUOuABbON; LIQUib; ORGANIC; PARTICIPATE BATTER;
RBCLAHATION
(14) HIERAfiCH TEBMS: Ktt/2CA/3CA; 1HA/2HF; ISb
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS42431 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Hopton FJ;
Skinner UJ
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Canada, Environmental Protection Service,
Harch 1977. 223 p.
(1) SUIRS ACC.NO.: 043301
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 11 U) SUBJ.l'YPE: S; T
(1) AUTHOR: Mhitmore FC
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Versar, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Destruction ot Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sewage
Sludge During Incineration. (9) COMl'nAcr HO.: 6fa-01-15a/
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. HEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: An experiment to determine the efficiency with which
PCB»s are destroyed in a municipal se»age sludge incinerator. A
standard mixture of PCB*s (Aroclor 1254) was injected into tue sludge
cake at the rate of 50 pp« (dry solids casis) under conditions whereby
ttte various emergent streans irom the furnace could ue monitored. The
experimental results indicate no j?Cu*s present in eitner the scrubber
142
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
exhaust vater or in the ash; the auount of P«-i> in the eaergeni stack
gases were found to correspond to destruction ratios in excess oi 0.94
under noriai furnace operating conditions. (detained in Swlhb Horary) .
(12J KEYWORDS: Alii; AMALlSii.; Ai»h; crfJuOttiHE; GAS£:>; INCINERATOR;
POLLUTION; POLXCHLOhlJfAi'L'li; S AflPLlSli flEXHOD;.; SLKdbbEK; i>iiWAGt,; SLUDGi.;
TREATMENT
(TO iliEhAfiCa i'EhKS: II V21 N; 1oi/2t>5
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OUS4242'*
lib) CITATION: Washington, UC, Environmental Protection
1976. 73 p.
(t) SkilRi. ACC.NO.: 043372
(21 DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGuKx: (if (2) aUbJ.riPi;: b
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Deep well injection — sweeping Liifc proDien
uader the carpet?
(«} AUTHOR: Kendrick t'J
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Journal nater Pollution Control Federation
(10) LAKGUAGt: EH (10) PUB. KEAK: 1^77
(11) ABSTRACT: Deep well injection is becoming increasingly popular
as restrictions on the discharge of noxious fluids to surface waters
becose iiore stringent. The aisposal technique is iiasea on the concept
of injecting liquid wastes into contining geologic strata that aave no
other actual or potential uses. The potential for environmental
contamination exists. The possible consequences ot high pressure
injection include contamination ot iotaoj.e groundwater, the fracturing
of geologic strata, nigration ot wastes along existing laults and
fractures, rupture of rock locaations and movement of wastes up the
well casing, resulting in aquifer contamination and tne triggering of
seissic activity. The development o^ legislatiou arid reyuiatory
controls has paralleled the growth of weij. injection practices. The
adoption ot the Federal tfater Pollution Control Act Aaenaaents of 1b*72
larKed the most significant legislative development ii. feaeral control
over injection programs. Legai proceedings concerning well injection
and inherent hazards associated witti the operation ure noted.
(12) KEYWORDS: DELP KtLi.; JiSPObAi,; EhVlttuNMENT; btOLUGIC;
GHOUNDWATER; HAiiAKDUUS; LAW; i.Iooll;; POLLUTION; PKOdLLMS ;
BESPONSlBlLifi
(t4) HIEhARCH TbBBS: 1DU/20U; ijiD; IttA/^Hi'; !Li*/2i.U
(t5) 3TIMS ACC.Nu.: OOSH24T6
(16) CITATION: 49 (2) : 167-1«i», Pel). 19/7.
(z) i.Uaj.Ti^i.: t,
(t) SHIRS ACC.JiO.:
(2) JOHESTIC: D (2) C'A'i'EGOujt:
(4) AUTHOU: Moojj 1>K
(o) juuK TlTLt: Jicw ^^g^and i co naste Management btudy.
(TO) LANGUAGi.: EN (10) i?bli. KEAlt: 1a"/0
(11) AiiiirHACT: iolycnloi'incjted i,ipnenyl (rCb) waste siunageinent
practices in the hew laiyiahU urta of the United State., are examined.
The study foc-useu on past and present (19/6) jt?CB nastt stieuaa
generatea directly or indirectly i.y transroraier ana capacitor
nanuf acturing plants locatea in Aei* England. An investigation was made
oi the potential ror PCii contaminatio.i of suriace and subsurface water
causeu uy drainage from land dispose- sites, 'i'ae types of sites were
divided into three categories: (lj disposal sites receiving quantities
o± PCt. iiyuid ana/oi. soiia waste; (2) dispo^iij. sitei: leceivino volumes
of industrial waste cut not specifically IJCB waste; ana (3) disposal
sites receiving residential and coaaierciai waste. Information was
obtained on PCB waste generated and fi-b waste processing and disposal.
A PCB land sampling prograa was conducted, and PCB emissions from
nunicipai solid waste incineration »ere studiea. i'he i,tudy results
denonstratea that concentrations of t-CB's entered tne envirounent iu
surface and suDsurfact water sjJi^^es iroai lana uisposc.1 sites, sludge
£roa mnicipal solid waste incineiator. Kecomitendutions ure aade for
143
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
the ispiovercent ot PCfa vaste rcunaijesient, ana ji^oruataon on pcb
treatment and disposal is appended, (ftetained ui bWISj iii>rary) .
(12) i\&Yt«0&D:): DISPOSAL; £Hl5bION; INCINEKAi'Uh ; INDUbTbi; LAND;
HAKA(ih«i.HT; MUNICIPALITY; PKOt-tiia; aKGIONAL; bilEb; SLOUGH; SOLID;
TKEATBEtt'i; WASTi rtATI«
rilEKASCH Tt«Hi: "JUi;/2i)L; 1.U/2IM; IHA/^Mi; 1i«
yriJIS ACC.SC.s OuS423yz ( la> SECONDA«X AOj'HOhs: Huebner UA;
IK
(' 6J CITATION; boston, ttA, U . S. a,n vironaentai i'cotection Ayency,
Nov. 1976. 62 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 0431:>3
(2) DOHEST1C: D (^J CAl'tt,Ohii Oy {2)
(3) ARTICLE fi'I'LE: Process tor converting sodium
nitrate-contaa.runi.j, caustxc liquid lauioactive wastes to solia
insoluble products,
(4J AUTHOR: barney us
(5) CORPOHATi: AU'IKOK; U.S.A. by U.6.E.R.D.A.
(7j Pil'BNP OAl'A: O.S. Patent i4,U2b,2t>5
(10} LANGUAGE: E* (lOj PUh. lEAh: TJ77
(tl) AiiSXRACP: A method tor convert^ny souiun nitiate contaiuxng,
caustic, radioactive wastes to a soliu, relatively in^oluole, theriBall
stable form is provided. The j.oraerea aiarinu* silicate ciay (kaolin,
bentonite, dicicite, hailoysite, i>yropayllite) is reactea with the
Sodiuo nitrate-contiiining roiioactivt wastes which have a caustic
concentration of about 3 to 7 « at a temperature ot 30 c to 100 C to
entrap the dissolved radioact^vt; t>aits in tne aluainosiiicate natrix.
la one embodiment tue sodJUK nitrate containing, caustic, radioactive
liquid waste, or salts or oxiae produced by evaporation or calcination
of these liquid viastet> is converted to the solid ainerax
for»~cancrinite. In another eBiiKiaimeni ttit sodium nitiatt- containiny,
caustic, rauioactive liquid it, reactec with tne powcierea alujianun
silicate clay, the result iD'j reuctioij proauct js air aried eitiier as
loose powder or eolded shapes and thea lired at a temperutute 01 at
least 600 C to torn the solid mineral tora nepiielice i>hicn has the
approximate cueaical tor*ula ot fciaAli>j-O4. The leacn rate ot tae
entrapped radioactive Salts tiilea water is reduced essen-
tially to taat of tne alurcinosiiieate lattice winch is very low.
(1^) KEYWORDS; COflVEBi1; HAZABJOU^; LIQUID; «Ii't(oGtS; paTtUT;
PBOCESS; SODIUM; SOLID
(14) HIERARCH TEBHsi 1CU//CA/3Cb; HIA/^rii1; InA
(Ti) Sl'iMS ACc.NO.: OOS4219o (15) SECONUAiif AUl'HUh-: brOMlieil LD
(l&i CITATION: tiled Aug. /,5, 1'J7:> issued June 7,
(1j Stultib ACC.MO.: UbjO'/J.
(2) CO3EST1C: D (2) CAI'EGURX: Oa (2) SUb>3 ,TYfil: i
(3) ARTICLE I'lTLL: aaJts, ot tne iodine oxydcias in the impregnation
of adsortent charcoal for trapping radioactive methyiioaiiie.
(4) AOTKuR: Uietz VR
(5} CORPOKAffi AUTHOB: U -S. i>. represented by U.S. h.i<.D. Aa«in
(7) PAPENi' DA2'A: U.S. Patent wo. 4,01t>,24*;
{10} LANGUAGfc: EN (1D) IHIx;. lKAi<: 1^7 i1
(11) ABSTRACT: A aeth^d 01 removing aiort than b-a./S 01 tne
methy liodice 131 ^aa troai tne eli-iuent ox a reactor is aeicruued. The
•ethod cosprises passimj tne tifiueut gas through a caarcoai socuent
formed by first ci.>aspactin--j cnaxcoal «a tn an aqueous aixuire of a first
coiponeiit comprising a salt 01 the louxao oxyacids selected lro» the
group consisting of periodate, ioaate and ny^oiodite ana a second
coaponent selected ircai the yroup£ t;ont»ii>t.iny oi iodine and iodi'ae
salt, the aaueouc aixture oeiuj aaju.jtea to a pri ol ai-out 1C anc then
contacting the resaitiny nit.rovjnated caarcoai h^tn a tertiary amiiie.
Tfee tertiary amirte is select^a a.ro« the yioap 01 coitpoanls consistiny
or hexast-tnyienetftrdiiiiC-, u iet ij.inv•'- tet: u,3it.t ny 1- i,-4-nu tanectiaxine,
1, if-bis (tricti \jrldroiii us) ethoflc, « , N, A ', N *- tetruaet nyi ju-1 uaaeaiamine,
144
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
1,2-bis (morpalmo) ethane, 1,2-bis(diaikanino) ethane and
1,3-bis (dialkylanino)propane.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACTIVATED CAHbON; PATERT; 1>B; POR1PICATIOS;
BiDIOACTlVE; SEPARATING
{14) H1ERARCH TEMBS: 1HA/2HI.; 11C/21Z; 1KA; 1SE/2SP
(15} STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS-4211b (ti) SECONDARY AUTHORS; ttlachly CH
(16) CITATION: filed Fee. 2b, 1i*7o issued Ayr. 5, 1977.
(1) SWIBS ACC.HO-: 0429U3
(2) DOMESTIC: I) (2) CATEGORIC 09 (2) SOtUKTYPE: G
(3) AHTICLE PITLK: Accepting responsibility for hazardous waste
•anageient: a nev direction lor the solid waste industry.
(6) JOUBKAL TITLE: Waste Aye
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUE. YEAH: 1e disposed of
are analyzed in the company's laboratory and the analysis submitted to
the State's Department of Natural resources for approval Before wastes
are accepted. After placement, drums are covered with clay; care is
taken to place compatible materials next to one another; a master plan
of the area notes where eacu waste is located. Marketing such a service
is complicated. Sufficient voluae mast oe available to warrant the
expensive geological investigations that precede site use; disposal
costs keep increasing; and customers are sometimes reluctant to reveal
their wastes content, for proprietary reasons. Truckings can ce a
problem. A deep well disposal site, chemical fixation sites, and an
acid neutralizaiotn and sluage iandlill operation are discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CLAY; DISPOSAL; FEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; LA*; MARKET;
HISSOORI; PROflLEBS; SITE; TRANSPO&TAT108
(14) aiERARCri TEBHii: 1HA/2HF; 1SU/25J
(15) ST1SS ACC.NO.: OOS4202b
(16) CITATION: 8(4):6-y, Apr. 1*77.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: 042«b2
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: U
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Is land disposal ot toxic wastes a hazard for
future generations?
(4) AUTHOR: Haaience Jri
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J. Association of Puolic Analysts
(tO> LA8GOAGE: ES (lo) GEO. afcfiA: 1EU/20K (10) PUB. KEAft: 1*77
(11) ABSTRACT: A discussion is presented concerning land disposal
of toxic wastes in Great iiritain. Tfte theory is examined that soil
puriries such wastes and converts tflem, in time, into fertile areas.
Proponents ot this tneory argue that toil is composed ot substances
wnicn have decayed over the centuries. Opponents argue that today's
toxic wastes are not natural, organic substances and will not adapt to
the soil in the same way. ^pecilic exduples are considered. Toxic
metals applied to a soil, e-ttner in liquid or solid form, can only
accumulate in the soil. The soil trill neutralize a certain amount of
acid or alkaline wastes, cut saturation point is soon reachea at which
neutralization will not occur and acid and alKaline «aste n^ll oejin to
affect water and plants, organic compounds cau oniy be successfully
broken down by soil it the compound is distributed at a very low
concentration and the soil is given time to build up the necessary
organ isss which destroy tne compounds;. In tips in which household waste
145
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
forms an absorbent tor large yuantities oi liquid waste, waterlogging
of the bottom layers can u^cur which can yive rise to other hazards.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; ALKALINE; DI^OSAL; EUitOPE; GREAT BRITAIN;
GHOOSD WAPER; HAZARDOUS; (EALTH; LAUD; HETAL; ORGANIC; REFUSE; SOLID;
TOXIC; VEGETATION
(14} HIERARCfl TEKrtS: 1GI«; 1HA; 1SJ
(ti) STIMS ACC.NO.: G05U200i>
(1fa) CITATION: 15{Part 1);1-U, «ar . 1977.
(1) SHIRb ACC.MO.: 042940
(2) OUBEST1C: D (2) eA'i'SGOKy; 09 (2} SUBJ .TtjfE: G
(3) AKTICLE rifLE: The tarthiine facility: containing the
commitment tor sound hazardous wastes control.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Waste Age
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (lU) GKO. AREA: 1US/21L (10) PUB. SfEAfi: 1*77
(11) ABSTRACT: Eartnline (a subsidiary of SCA Services, Boston)
located in Illinois OB the site oi a former coal aine, is designed to
receive solid, seaisoiid, and liquid Hazardous wastes from industrial
plants within a 300 *ile radius oi i>t. Louis. Facility and management
procedures are specifically designed to meet and exceed the latest
federal and state regulations iaposed tor handling hazardous wastes.
Karthline works closely «ith the statt. on various research projects.
The Earthline facility occupies 13u acres and is totaily secure.
Favorable site characteristics are generous deposits of highly
impemeable clay and large daounts of nine slag. Potential customers
Bust provide data on the cnemical and pnysical characteristics of each
waste prior to any comsitoeut by Earthline to receive tne waste. A well
equipped laboratory, stafled oy experienced chemists, is an integral
part of the Earthline facility. Laboratory stair evaluate incoming
waste to deter sine proper handling, hastes are internally segregated in
isolated cells within secure trenches. A three dimensional grid
inventory is recorded daily, and trench vents are installed for
monitoring of leachate and gas generation, Kecovering value fron waste
is a part of Earthiine's operation, tfustes with potential for immediate
recovery are shipped foe recycling, other wastes are evaluated for
their potential as alternate luels.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; FACILI'J'it; i'EUEHAL; GAS; HAZARDOUS;
ILL1HOIS; LABORATORY; LAW; LEACH; LiyUID; HON1TOB; feECLAMfiTlON; REFUSE;
SOLID; STATE
(14) hIBRARCH TEfcMSl 1HA/2Hf; 1L&/2LC
(t5) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS4lab3
(t&j C1TATI08: tt(5) :111-114, Hay 1977.
(1) SWIHb ACC.HO.: 042937
(2) DOHE5TIC: D (2) CATEGOai: Oil (2) SOBJ .TXPE: G
(3) ASTICLE TITLE: Hichaei Kapps, manager, hazardous waste
sub-unit, Illinois, E.P.A.
(4) AUTHOR: i-ldredge R
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: waste Age
(10) LAHGOAGE: t,B (10) GtO. AREA: 10S/2IL (10) PUB. «EAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: An interview is presented with Michael Happs,
Manager of the hazardous wattes iiut) unit of the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency. Illinois1 increasing awareness of the dangers of
indiscriminate disposal of hazardous wastes is reflected in more
stringent laws. In 1976 only 700 out of 20,000 manufacturers of
industrial waste were issued disposal permits. The oalance have found
other means of disposal, some illegal. As a zero discaarge limit is
approached, people in the waste disposal business will see more and
more waste from new sources. It is incumbent on industry, with
government leadership, to provide proper disposal facilites. The need
for definition of "hazardous wastes" and "special wastes" is discussed.
The impact of the new Illinois laws on naulers and sanitary landfill
operators is discussed.
(12) KEYiORDS; ACID; CLASSIFICATION; DISPOSAL; EPA; HAUL;
HAZARDOUS; ILLINOIS; lUDOSTtlY ; LAi»; HANAGfiHEBT; BBTAL; SAHlfAHX
LABDFIiL; SLUDGE; STATE
(14) HIBRA6CH TE8BS: 1ED; 1HA; 1LB/2LC
(15) STIHS ACC.BO.: OOS41980
CITATIOK: a(5):70,72-74,7b,7d,HO,«2,a4,80,B8,120, nay 1977.
146
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
O) SK1RS ACC.NO.: 042815
(2) UOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUbJ .
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: foxic waste disposal.
(4) AUTHOR: Gray B
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Water tollution Control
(10). LANGUAGE: EN (1C) GiiO. ARi.A: UU/20K flO) tUB. JEAR: 1y77
(11) ABSTRACT.: Disposal sethous available in Great Britain to tne
toxic waste producer are reviewed. Large quantities of acids, oils,
solvents, and metals are being reclaimed from waste streams by the
producer or by specialist companies, certain wastes contain
constituents which are uneconomic to recover- and whicn must receive
chemical treatment to render then suitable lor discharge to sewer or
river. some commercial companies aave patentea a process lor the
fixation and solidification of wastes to ensure that fchen they are
ultiaateiy deposited on to .i.and, leaching will not taxe place. As lung
as economics control the ultimate sietaod of disposal, tipping on to
land must be a favored aethud or disposal. The most important rule tor
success is suitable site selection, either total containment or
controlled escape/purification. Suggestions xor preveuting stream
pollution fron disposal sites are made. Tae possible effects of site
licensing are discussed. Waste disposal to underground strata has
caused anxiety. Legislation pertaining to tne disposal of toxic wastes
in the ocean uas been enacted. Under license, a disposer »ay dump
certain classes u£ inaustrial waste in containers which are
specifically designated in tne licease. Multipurpose, auitichanber,
incinerator designs are described.
(12) KEXfcORDS: CONTAINER; USfoSAL; EUHOPfc; GEOLOGIC; GhBAT
BRITAIN; hAZARDOOS; INCINhKAriOS; LKACH; LEGISLATION; LICESiE; uCEAN;
B£CLAflATIOM; SAMITARS LAtiKFILL; Silt; TOXIC;. UHDEBGROONU
(14) HIEhARCH TERHi: 1DU/2DK; 1HA/2HF; Vi'D
(15) STI»S ACC.NO.: OOS410&0
CITATION: 76(lJ:JO-3&, 1a7?.
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 04?b11
(2) DOH2STIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 0^ (2) SUBJ.TJtPE: S
(3) ABTICL£ TITLE: The treatment of toxic etfiuents: investigations
by the riCRA.
(4) AUTHOR: Cooper RL
(6) JOURNAL TIfL£: fcffiueut and fcater Treatnent J
(10) LAHGUAGE: £M (1C) GiO. AR£A: 16U/20K llO) PUo. XKAS: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Investigations by the isritisn Carbonization Research
Association (BCR&) ot tae treatment of strong toxic wastes, with
particular reference to those arising fro« tue carbonization of coal,
have led to the conclusion that biological treatment using the
activated sludge process is generally the most efficient and successful
•ethod troi a cost/benefit point of view. Since aany of the
constituents of carbonization wastes are lethal to bacteria, the
conditions for their successful purification are lar more stringent
than those for domestic sewage or nontoxic biodegradable wastes. It is
not possible to assess the txeatabiiity ot a carbonization liquor from
an an lysis of its knovn constituents. Other Juioiogical methoas of
purification of effluents are descnoed, and include the use of towers
packed with plastic filling aud rotating disc contractors. Hany methods
of effluent treatment have lieen studied aud some coulu have application
to a wide range ot industrial waste procleos. Carbonization liquors are
likely to be limited to post biological stages of treatment, although
pretreataent of these eftiuents remains a distinct potaSioility.
(12) KfclrfOKDS: ACTIVATED i>LUiXi£; bACi'JiRIA; BIOLOGICAL; EFFLUENT;
EUROPE; FOSSIL FUEL; GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY.; PURIFICATION; TOXIC;
TREATMENT
(14) hIERARCH TERMS: 1HA; 1IC/216;
O5J STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS41b54
(16) CITATION: 17 (5):230-237, Hay t*77.
147
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(t) SKIBS ACC.hO.: 0424tM
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CA'i'EUOti*: obi (/) i>Uc(J. rifi.: i>; T
(3J AKfICL£ TITLt: cyanide naste disposal site neutralization.
(4) AUTHOR: KastBan Ki.
(b) bOOK TITLE: In American i>ociti.y or civil i,ngii)t!eri;/t.eotfc>chnical
Engineering Division. Proceedings: the conference on beotecnnical
Practice for Disposal ot i.ojiiu Waste Materials, Ann Arbor, university
of Hichigan, June 13-15, li»/7.
(10) LANGUAGE: Eh (10) POti. JEAh: lj?7
(ttj ABSTRACT: A case study describing tue location,
identification, and a series ot reatdial Actions taken tor an existing
sodium cyanide waste disposal site m tne midwest is presented. Sodiui
cyanide, a common toxir industrial waste, was disposed oi in this case
in pellet fora and solid waste mateiials at three pit locations..
Sampling ana monitoring programs, pnyt>icai ana chesical identification
of the materials, and an evaluation 01 ttie relative etfectiveue&s of in
siyu neutralization, ana a removal netbod of neutralisation are
detailed.. Monitoring aata covering a period ot three years is presented
to evaluate the effectiveness 01 tne neutralization tecnni^ues. A
discussion ot the large variations ueiween the cyanide concentrutions
iu the soils and groundwater is presented.
(12) KEXrfORDS: CHhfliCAL; LilSPUSAi<; i-FFECT; tH »IhUK8r;j»r;
MuBiroR; PlfS; PLANT-iUDUSri'lAl.; i,Aftti,I5it. HETnODS; bli'Mj;
T8EATHEMT
(14) hlfcKARCH rSJiHS; iLnj/^L; IHH/^lif
(1SJ STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4la^7 (1j) stCONDAfti AUTHOR^: iiineraan rtE
(16J CITATION: «ew iforn v.ity, Aiencaa Society 01 i^ivii tugineers,
1977. p.831-d49.
(1) SWlKi> ACC.NO.: UH24/3
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATtkiUHl: Oa (^) sUbJ.TXPI,: X
(3) AflTlCLE TITLt: Land disposal of flazardous wastes: an example
from Hopeweli, Virginia.
(4) AUTHOR: Walz UH
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Ground Mater, special Issue. ».y tne Virginia itate Depaxtoent
of Health specifically to cleanup and close tne Depone nanutacturer in
Hopewell, incorporated encapsulation of tae wastes j.n clay and plastic.
Coapleted in early March, 1i<76, the disposal site is monitored by the
Virginia State tfater Control Board via an observation well ana an
underdrain systen.
(12) KEIKORDS: CONTROL; DtiiiGJi; DxSPO^AL; HAZARDOUS; LANO; LEACH:
L1HER; HAHAGEMENT; flONH'Oii; Ptbi'lClDi;; SAFETK ; bAMIl'AKY LANDFILL;
ThEHCH; ?IRGI»IA
(14) H1ERAHCH TERHb: 1GD; 1HA/2UF; 1MA/2BJ; 1iE
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS4l46b (15/ SECONOARK AU'I'HuRS: Chestnut KT
Jr
(1fa) CITATION: 15 (1) :75-tfu, Jan.-fet>. 197?.
(1J SBIRS ACC.HO.: 042333
(2J DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBY: 07 (2) SOBJ.TXPE: 6
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Land application of waste materials: unresolved
problems and future outlook.
(4) AUTHOR: Martin UP
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Land Application of Haste Materials.
(tO) LANGUAGE: EH (10) FOB. TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A review of the land application of waste materials
is presented, and unresolved problem areas where additional research is
148
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
needed are identified. A distinction is made between disposal versus
the use of waste materials. Specific waste materials of concern are
noted as heavy Metals, pathogens, nutrient elements, persistent
organics, organic loadings, waste water and heat, radioactive waste,
salinity, and aesthetic values. A soil quality index is proposed to
relate the environmental impact of continuing or sustained use of soil
amendments on crop production or other land uses. The statement is made
that the land application of waste can only be acceptable if it is
consistent with good crop, silvicultnral, and land management
practices. Such practices must be consistent with protecting the soil
as a resource and, at the same time, protect against the degradation of
surface and ground water and possible conflict with food and fiber
production. The following areas are recommended for further research:
prediction of the long term fate of potentially toxic heavy metals;
survival, movement, and possible deactivation of viruses; the capacity
of soil to accept waste; the development of cropping systems to
optimize the use of nutrients while maximizing the amount of waste
organics that can be accommodated; the use of waste heat and water; and
the economic impact of waste management systems on agricultural
production.
{12} KEYWORDS: BENEFIT; CRITERIA; DISPOSAL; EARTH; ECONOMICS;
EFFECT; HAZARDOUS; LAND; MANAGEMENT; PROBLEMS; PROJECTION; RESEARCH;
SLUDGE; UTILIZE; WASTE WATER
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DQ; IMA; 1SJ
115) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS&1317 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Cast KG;
Meyer GW
(16) CITATION: Ankeny, IA, Soil Conservation society of America,
1976. p. 300-309.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 042048
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Management of used chemicals.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Materials Reclamation Weekly
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2UK (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A one day conference on the management of used
chemicals was held in Strathford on, Avon in England. A sampling of
technological potential began with domestic refuse. After separation,
the cellulose element could be used for the production of ethanol.
About 90 percent of the plastics now made from oil could be made from
ethanol. Acid from pickling solutions could be revitalized by a system
employing ion exchange membranes. Tin in a plating solution was saved
by the same method. Metals in low concentrations can be recovered in a
continuous electrolytic system. In the field of agriculture, grasslands
were fertilized with a liquor generated in the production of gas (for
nitrogen) and with coke oven byproducts (for phosphate and potash).
Recovery process of solvents in Europe is discussed, and the problems
of disposing of polychlorinated biphenyls are also discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALCOHOL; CHEMICAL; CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
EUROPE; GREAT BRITAIN; HAZARDOUS; LAND; MANAGEMENT; POLYCHLORINATED;
RECLAMATION; UTILIZE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1CB/2CA/3CC; 1CB/2CB/3CF; 1RB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS41092
(16) CITATION: 129 (1):20-21, 24, Jan. 1, 1977.
(1) SHIRb ICC.»0.: 04<;004
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKI: 0* (/) SUBJ.TIPi,: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Sewage sludges, garbage conposts and tne food
chain.
(4) AUTHOR: oeeson KC
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Interface
(10) LANGUAGE: LH (10) PUB. lEAtt: 1*76
(11) AfaSl'iACT: A literature review concerning the poytotojicity of
heavy metals in sludges and conposts and their uehavior in the food
Chain and uptake by plants is presented. Applications ot inorganic zinc
to the soil were several loin more etlective in increasing uptaxe or
zinc by crops than were applications ot compost or sludye containing
the same quantity of zinc. A aethod lor reducing the pnytotoxicity of
cadmium by plants by controlled irrigation «as investigated. Three
149
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
papers report an experiment with sewage sludge with and without added
copper, cnromium, zinc, and nickel salts added to the sluage or
directly to the soils. The transfer of cadmium and lead tro» sewage
sludge to several carriers of the food chain was investigated. 1'hat
cadmium is readily taken op by the toots of immature corn plants and
transported to the shoots was reported. The need for note intonation
on the range of concentrations of the potentially phytotoxic elements
in the edible portion of crops where uoraal yields are obtained fro*
the application of contaninated wuste materials to soils is delineated.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHROMIUM; COMPOST; CfeOi>; KFfLCT; FOOD; IRRIGATION;
LITBBATUKK; METAL; SEWAGE; SLUIJG2; SOIL CONDIrlOtUSR ; iOXIC; VKGilTATION
(14) HIERAHCH TtiKBS: 1HA; 1HD; 1S.A./2S2; 1VC
(15) ST1MS ACC.SO.: OOS41048
(16) CITATIOK: S(l):23, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041336
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SDBJ.TYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Rosenberg DG (10) GEO. AREA: 1PF/2PG/3PG; 1Pr/2PG/3PH
(10) POB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A comprehensive review of hazardous waste generation
and management practices within the petrolena refining industry is
presented. Nearly 625,000 »etric tons (dry weight) of wastes were
generated in 1974 by 247 refineries with processing capacity of 14. 2
million barrels per day. Haste streams emanating fro» individual
refining process are characterized and described in detail. Following
site visits and waste stream sampling at a representative group of
sixteen refineries, a laboratory program of chemical analysis was
carried out to identify potentially hazardous constituents of refinery
wastes. Concentration levels of these constituents were measured, and
hazardous wastes defined as those with any constituent with a
concentration exceeding the average level in the natural soil
environment. Oil is the principal hazardous substance in refinery
wastes, representing approximately 110,000 metric tons per year. Metal
constituents amount to 250 metric tons, fluoride to 812 metric tons,
and phenol, cyanide, and benz-A-pyrene collectively to 6 metric: tons.
More than half of refinery wastes are removed by private contractors to
ultimate disposal in offsite landfills or lagoons, however projections
indicate a dramatic shift toward onsite disposal, particularly by
landspreading and filling. (Retained in SWIRS library}
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; LAHD;
MANAGEMENT; OIL; REFINERY; SDHVET; TREATMENT; HASTE HATER
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HA/2HH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS40380 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Cruse H;
Lofy RJ
(18) DOC.CIT.: Rosenberg, D. G. , R. J. Lofy, and B. Cruse-
Assessment of hazardous waste practices in the petroleum refining
inudstry. Hashington, DC, 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency, June
1976. 353 p. (Distributed by the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA, as PB 259 097. )
(1) SH1BS ACC.NO.: 04073*
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGGKl: 0* (2) SOBJ.TXfȣ: G (10) GBO.
ABBA: 1EU/2GE (10) PUb. YtAfc: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A plan coctiridtion procedure for erecting and
operating a special refuse au«p in Ochtrup, Germany ty the
Gelsenberg-flannesmann Environmental Company is presented. The landfill
is proposed as a special waste receptor for hazardous solid industrial
waste, and especially dangerous and toxic waste materials which were
previously dumped in salt mines. Members of various government agencies
and of industrial concerns express their misgivings at the hearings on
the special landfill in the areas of operations and maintenance, air
150
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
and water pollution, economics, and healta and environmental safety.
(Original text in German) (Retained in SHIRS libr&ry)
(12) KEYWORDS: DISCUSSION; DISPOSAL; GEBflANY; GOVKRNHBNT;
HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; INDUSTRY; LOCAL; PLANNING; POLLUTIUfc; SAFETY;
SANITARY LANDFILL; TOXIC
(14) BIERARCH TE8HS: 1Di>/2Dh ; 1U)/2SG
(15) STISS ACC.NO.: GOS39783
(18} DOC.CIT.: Planfestellun^svertahren zur erricntung und zun
betrieb einer sondermuelldeponie in Ochtrup durcn die
Gelsenberg-«annes«ann-Umveltschutz-G»bH, Essen, (GHO) . (Plan
confirmation procedure for erecting and operating a special rubbish
dump in Ochtrup by the Gexsenoerg-Hiinnesmann hnvironmentai company,
Essen (GHOJ. ) Germany, Governsent of Huenster, Aug. b, 197S. "ly p.
(.1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040641
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; 09 (2) SU6J.TYPK: S; 1'
(4) AUTHOR: Shiver JK (10) GEO. ARKA: 1U5/2LA/3NO (10) PUb-
YEAR: 1976
(111 ABSTRACT: Results of an assessment ot the magnitude of tae
vaste chlorohydrocarbon problen in tbe United states, and a study of
the applicability of the conversion ot this waste t>y chlorolysis as a
•eans of resolving the problem are presented. An estimated tt&,400
metric tons per year of chlorohydrocarbon waste is generated in the
United States and usual treatrents are cnlorolysis to solvents, and
incineration. The balance is disposed of by deep well injection or
burial. The identified waste is a suitable feedstock for «i chlorolysis
operation if it is pretreated to remove particulate materials and
•oisture. Geographically, tne vaste is generated prxnarily alony the
Gulf Coast, from Corpus Christi to Ken Orleans. The Gulf Coast
concentration indicates that a regional waste disposal tacility
(including a chlorolysis unit, a waste pretreataent unit, and a
conventional incineration unit) would be viable. Preparation of a
design and lira capital estinate is reconoended as the next step in an
overall prograa leading to such a regional facility.
(12) KEYWORDS: BUSY; CHLOKIME; COHTKOi,; DISPOSAL; FACILITY;
HYDROCARBON; INCINERATION; LOUISIANA; PjSSTICIDE; FLASNIHG; POLLUTION;
PROCESS; REGIONAL; TEXAS; TREATHEBI
(14) H1ERARCH TEhHS: 1CB/2CA/3Cb; 1TD; 1«A/2»G
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS396«5
(18) DOC.CIT.: Shiver, J. K. converting chlorohydrocaroon wastes by
chlorolysis. Knvironnentai Protection Publication EtA-600/2-7b-270.
Washington, 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oct. 1976. 6a p.
(Environmental Protection Technology series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040546
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 U) SUbJ.l'YPE: S; T
(ased upon the cross sectional area
of the packed column. It was lound that cyanide was destroyed at a rate
of 0. 1 to 10 moles per faraday ot electricity, chemical decomposition
was found to take place at the beginning of the electrolysis due to the
catalysis of the steel bed. The average power consumption ranged iron
0. 0025 to 0. 05 kilowatts per hour per gram of cyaniue destroyed,
depending upon the magnitude of cell current.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; CHLORINE; DECOMPOSE; EFFLUENT; tLECTtilCAL;
ELECTROLYSIS; ION; PH; POHEli; PUSf; TOXIC; tfASTt; *'ATEI<
(14) H1ERARCH TEKBS: 1CB/2CA/3CA
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OUS39590 (15) SEcONDAKK AUTHORS: Uckert B
(18) DOC.CIT.: Chin, i>. T. , ana B . Eckert. Destruction ot cyanide
wastes with a packed-bed electrode. Plating and Surface t'inisuing,
63(10):36-41, Oct. 1976.
151
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
CD SWIRS ACC.NO.: 038745
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPK: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The third in a series of reports on the improper
land disposal of hazardous waste is discussed. The report was prepared
by the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste
Management Programs. Criteria used in the selection of incidents for
the hazardous waste reports are severity of damage, availability of
supporting information, and availability of Environmental Protection
Agency personnel for investigation. This report is concerned with
petrochemical contamination of the Cohansey aquifer in New Jersey,
hexachlorobenzene contamination of cattle in Louisiana, and workers
exposed to poisonous fumes at a Maryland landfill. Each damage incident
is described in terms of personal damage, environmental damage,
economic damage, cause of problem, type and quantity of hazardous
waste, source of waste, date of incident, location, status, remedial
action, legal action, and costs involved. (Document retained in SWIRS
library)
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDENT; CONTAMINATE; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
HAZARDOUS; INVESTIGATION; LOUISIANA; MANAGEMENT; MARYLAND; NEW JERSEY;
OSWMP
(15) ST1MS ACC.NO.: OOS37789
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hazardous waste disposal damage reports.
Environmental Protection Publication EPA-530/SW-151. 3. Cincinnati, OH,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1976, 13 p. (Solid Waste
Management Series.)
(1) laWlRb ACC.NO,:
(2) DUBESTIC: D (2) CATEGUHK: 0s (2) SUaJ .I'U'i.: b (10) PUa.
1976
(11) ABS'f RACI' : A process I or the sicroijial degradation of
dichlorooiphenyltricniotoethane (kUT) is presented. A process foe the
degradation ot DDT where it appears as d pollutant or a contaminant is
described tor the following coimitior.s: dirty closed or open waters;
industrial effluent wustet,; polluted uarsulaiids and estuaries; Jiarine
environeen ts; aisposaj. lagoons; cont-asinated industrial areas; soils
and iarnlands; ana other situations mere DDi' stay accuBulate. The
procedure provides ior ae^raain^ reuuiiy, elticieritly and ecouoaicaixy .
Tne microorganisms provided are capable ot deijiddAn^ i>DX, leaving a
detoxilit-d and beneficial cell nass. Tne microorganisms are
noapa thogenic to narnie fauna aao tj.oia, huaaat; aiiQ auiaais. The
process also provides a m^aiiS. ot treating DDi' without tnc need lot the
nanaiing, transportin<3 ana storage ot heavy, iulky equipment. The
process can also oe usea to degrade various hydrocarbon oils and
petrochemicals «hertvt-.r their presence constitutes a deleterious
pollutant .
KSYWOROS: btCOMPoSi,; MlCKOUfiuASISM ; PATENT;
(1i) bl'IBS ACC.NCJ.: OOS3775/
(Itt) LiuC.Cir.: frudom, C. ft. ibiotexnika JinterndtiOiial , lac. j.
Hicrobiai degradation or DDT. U. -. latent No. J, 97^, x<}J ; filed Sept.
2b ly?4 issuea iet. /, 1^76.
( t) i>WlH:> ACC.NU.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAffcGOhY. : dl (2) i>UbJ .I'iti. h: S (10) PUB.
Y£AH: 1976
(11\ ABSTBACT; Xne dispotsai of aerosol cans is addressed, based on
procedures recommended by toe t'livironaental Protection Ayency (tVA)
with regard to vinyl chloride as an aerosol propeilant. Historical
aspects oi rejuidtions on tne ust- ot viuyl caioride are reviewed.
Guidance is provided ior the disposal of aerosol caus containing vinyl
chloride. Technical information on vinyl chloride monomer (VCri) as a
calonnate alKene hydrocarbon is presenteu. VCH constitutes aoout 20
percent oy voiuae or the propeliant o± most pesticide aerosols
i>y E?A. 'j'ht pe.-?t.icxdes uivoived are primarily pyrethnns,
and aaiattiio:,. tti :wj.r sprayi-, deodeiasiti,, ai,d paints, VCM may
constitute as muco as **u i.o 4^ ptrcc.nv £>y vuluast oi the contents. The
final disloyal of aerosoj. cap.j cuutoiiiuij VCH saoula De
15
o
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
using aetnods listed in the following order of preferred priority; (1)
high, temperature incineration {except for products containing heavy
• etais); (2) burial in a State approved chenical or hazardous Haste
landfill; (3) burial in a separate area of a State approved landfill.
(12) KEYHOhDS: AEKOSOLS; BUK/; CONTAINER; DISPOSAL; EPA;
IBCI8E8ATIOH; PESTICIDE; POLIV1KJL CKLORIiJE; REGULATIONS
(15) STIMS ACC.NQ.: 00337671*
(18) DOC.CIT.: Environmental Protection Agency: vinyl
chloride-recommended procedures for disposal of aerosol cans, federal
Begister, <*1 (112} : 23226-23227, June 9, 1976.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 03o602
(21 DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOiOC 09 (2) SOBJ.TXPE: i> (10) PUB.
IEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Probless associated irith the disposal of dilute
pesticide solutions are discussed, along with sources of dilute
solutions, disposal practices, and factors which influence a choice
among disposal practices. 1'tiree dilutt solutions are generated in the
study by container rinsing, equipment vasning, water from pesticide
fire fighting operations, spill cleanups, and drum reconditioning
operations. The possicle buildup of toxic levels o£ the dilate
solutions in soil is discussed. Disposal methods in use for dilute
pesticide solutions are identified and discussed. These metnods and
their characteristics are summarized in tabular fora. Incineration and
batch bioaegradation of dilute pesticide solutions are considered to be
limited by nigh cost, coaplejity, and low availablity.
Photodecoaposition and chemical degradation can be effective under
correct conditions, although neither provides complete degradation tor
all pesticides and their degradation products. Lagooniug is one method
used principally by lanufacturers to provide light lot
photodecoaposition to occur. soil injection and gravel filled pits are
primarily biodegradation aethods. Long term storage of dilute pesticide
solutions in special land disposal sites is ortered as a last resort.
Whenever possible, it is concluded that the use ot dilute solutions for
spray nxtures is the lost reliable and desirable nethod for disposal.
(12} lUmOBDS: BIOLOGICAL; DAtA; DECOttPOSE; DILOXlUJI; DISKfSAL;
LAGOOMS; PESTICIDE; PKObLtMS; STO^AGt; TOXIC
(15) STIHS ACC,NO.: OOS37646
(18) DOC.CIT.: Day, H. K. Disposal of dilute pesticide solutions.
Environmental Protection Publication tPA-530/SVi-519. Washington, U. S.
Environaental Protection Agency, June 197o, It* p. (Solid Haste
Management Seiies. )
(2) bJBJ.JMPE: *J (10) PUb.
(T) SWIRS ACC.NO.: U3KU3U
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOidT:
Y£AH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The following techniques ror tue treatmeut ana
disposal of polluting and toxic wastes are discussed: recovery and
reclamation; chenicai fixation; chemical and biochemical treatment;
land and sea disposal; incineration including pyrolysis; and physical
treatment. Hydrogeological consideration, sucn as leaching under
different geological situations, are described and illustrated oy four
figures. Tne legal requirements lor toxic waste disposal are discussed
under headings: Deposit of t»oiiionou~ *dste Act (1*7/), and the Control
ot Pollution Act (1974).
(t2) ItfilKORDS: UlOLuGlCAL; CbEfllCAL; CONTAMINATiS; EUKOPt;
1HCINKR AXIOM; LAW; LEACH; HtTAL; tOi.i,bTlON; t'JKOLiSJ.5; KEcLAM AT10N;
SITES; TOXIC
(1b) STIftS ACC.NO.: OOS3747o
(to) DuC.CIT.: Hunaiy, c, K. TOJI^C waste uisposal technical, ^.e^dl
and bydrogeolo^ical aspects. M>lia Hastes, ot, (?) : jOu-J1u, July 1976.
153
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037902
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SDBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Chemical solidification of waste and disposal by
landfill are discussed as techniques that ware adopted by a plant of K.
I. DuPont in Belle, West Virginia. Chemfix Inc. of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania ana National Environmental Controls Inc. in Louisiana were
responsible for derelopaent of the chemical techniques. The results of
tests conducted to evaluate chemical solidification of waste and
disposal fiy landfill have proven to be successful with regard to the
deposition of waste materials in the Gulf of Mexico. Efforts directed
toward the goal of properly handling toxic and hazardous waste are
noted, not only for the belle, nest Virginia plant but also for
industries in Louisiana. The potential effect of hazardous waste on
Louisiana's water supply is discussed with regard to chemical products
and carcinogens. Che location of a new DuPont plant in Louisiana is
evaluated.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; HAZAhDOUS; LOUISIANA; MANAGEMENT;
PENNSYLVANIA; PLANNING; PLAN'J'-lNDUSl'HiAL; SANlTABJt LANDflLL; SOLID;
STATE; WtST VIRGINIA
(15) ST1BS ACC.MO.: OOS36946
(16) DOC.CIT.: Backay, B. B. , Jr. Chenical wastes snafu spurs
state planning. Solid Wastes Hanagement, 19 (7):40,68, July 1976.
(1) SWIHS ACC.MO.: 0378*1
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.fYPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste problems are discussed in relation
to ground water contamination via leachate, surface water contamination
via runoff, air pollution via turning, evaporation, sublimation, wind
erosion, poisonings due to direct contact with and through the food
chain, and fires and explosions at land disposal sites. Hazardous waste
•ay involve chemical, biological, flammable, explosive, or radioactive
substances. Physically, hazardous waste can be in the form of liquids,
solids, sludges, and gases. Host hazardous or toxic waste can be
categorized as inorganic toxic waste is discussed, with emphasis on the
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of 1974, Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972, regulations that apply to the disposal
of hazardous waste, existing disposal practices, landfill disposal,
chemical fixation, incineration, chemical and pretreatment methods,
deep well disposal, ocean dumping, and microwave decomposition..
International disposal techniques for other than high level solid
radioactive waste are noted, including shallow land burial, disposal
into mines and deep geological formations, deep sea disposal, deep well
disposal, and packaging.
(12) KEYWORDS: blOLoGICAL; tsUHY; CHEMICAL; DECOMPOSE; DEEP WELL;
DISPOSAL; DUMPING; KPA; HAZARDOUS; INCINERATION; MANAGEMENT; MINE;
OCEAN; PACKAGING; RADIOACTIVE; PECULATIONS; SANITARY LANDFILL; TOXIC;
TREATMENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OUS36935
(18) DOC.CIT.: Cherenisinoff, P. N. , and H. P. Holcomb. Management
of hazardous and toxic wastes. Pollution Engineering, b(4):24-32, Apr.
197fa.
(1) SWIBS ACC.SO.: 0375^7
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SHBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Treatment tacilities in Switzerland that annually
handle 10,000 and 30,000 tons are described. These facilities accept
all types of industrial waste solutions, acid, alkaline, cyauide, metal
containing and other special solutions. The materials or solutions are
delivered to the plant in plastic containers. Larger quantities can be
transported in a center-owned 15 ton auction tanX semitrailer. T,ae
substances are segregated by type and analyzed Before treatment is
begun. Careful monitoring at each step assures an effluent which meets
regulations. A specialized treatment center of this type is rapidly
154
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
beconiny a necessity in order to protect puciic enters trom
non-decontaninated waste watery.
(12J KEYtfOBDS: COMTAlnEM; DESIGK; EURuPil; FACILIT*; FILTER;
HAZARDOUS; iNDUSTBY; ION EXCHANGE; PLASTIC; PRECIPITATE; fKULESS;
SLUDGE; STORAGE; SWIT2.Eiy activated sludge and anaerobic digestion it; uiiticult.
(12) MiYKOItOS: ACTIVATED i>LOlJUt; AlH; ANAfctiOauC; bJJ; COD;
CoU.Et.T10S; CONCtKi'RAMOft; DECOHf oir ; UIGtSXiuN; kFFtH'; INUEbl'IGATION;
POLYCriLOaiNATED; PRObi.EflS; I'Oilt; HAXi-K
STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS3641/
DOC.C11'.: Kaneko, H. , K. Horinoto, and i. Naubu. The response
of activated sludge to a poiychiorinatea Ldpheuyl (KC-bUC). water
Research, 10(2):157-lbj, 197o-
(!) SMI8S ACC.MO.: 037260
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0^ (2) SUbJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A landri.il disposal nethod for hazardous waste is
reported that is particularly applicable to chromium ore residues. Ine
•ethod xs described iu a paper presented at tae Taird Japan-United
States Cover mental Conference on Solid Waste Hanageaent in Bay 1*76.
It is estimated that there are about 24b chroaiua ore residue burial
sites in Japan, and the potential hazard of tnese sites is noted. The
efforts of Tokyo's Metropolitan Government to investigate pollutional
aspects of chroaiun storage are described in relation to the
construction of a subway line which resulted in the discovery of
chroaiua ore residues as deep as i leters below the ground surface. It
was concluded that the control of hazardous substances, in tnis case
caroBiua ore residues, would nest be accoapliuhed by isolating the
landfill or land burial site avay tro» the public and by placing the
landfill or land burial area unoer the jurisaication of a public
agency. Data is tabulated on the prevalence oi ietais> in Japanese soil,
155
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
based on samples tasen during 197 j and 19/4. (Document retained in
s«ifis library)
(t2J K£Y*OSCS: ttOBY; CHKOniUM; l.'ONi'EBBiiCt; t-Ufli'BOi; HAZAhuuJS;
JAPAN; ?OLJ,UriON; PUbLIC; RtSiOUE; SAfrEH; SASlrAi./. LANJFiLjL; SITES-
STORAGE; TRfiATflliKT
S'i'lHS ACC.NO.:
DOC.cir.; Muton, s . j,anaii-U disposal metnod tor nazaraous
wastes, especially for cnroai4.ua ore residues. In: hicKaaii. L. I. , Jr.
, ed. Proceedings; Third Japan -United States uovernaenta^ Conference on
Solid Waste Management, Tokyo, May 10-17, 1y?6. Washington, i)C,
Environmental Protection Agency, juuc 1976, 7i>j p. (p. 4. 1. 2. 1 - 4.
I* ^ •> I I J *
(t) SHJ-B:, ACC.NO.: 0372^2
(2) IiOflEsriC: D (2) CAiiloOttY: 19 U) SUbJ-lKfii: S; T (10)
XEAS: 197t>
(11) AUSrKACT: A technique tor Biniaizini, tne hazarduus properties
ot polycniorinated cyj./heuils (PCbsj is noted. Canaca's iiepartmeut ot
tae Environ»eut states that tne tecnniyue involves a newly developed
strain ox bacteria ano a special procedure by wnich Dacteriu is yivtn
access to tfte previously ainost ludesiructiuit- i>Cb compounds. PCbs,
used as a heat transfer fluid and in paints, inxs, and copying papers
and valued tor their insulatiny Dualities and insoluca.ilty, are
consiaered to an tnviroujientai hazara in that taey do not break down
even ovti many decades. The Health Vrotection branch of Heaitn and
Welfare in Canada, iu consultation uith tne fisu Inspection branch ot
Environment Canada, has ei,taDiisjied a temporary guideline ot i ppn
•aximui tor PCBs in the edible portion of tisn. it is noted tftax the
new tecniiiuue for ainiBizmg the nazardous properties 01 PCbs is most
likely to t>e of value ii. the treatatnt of inciustrj.al hastes containing
PCbs and in disposing of such objects as iranstormers which contain tne
chesicai. The technique nay not, nomever, be uppucable to the probiea
of PCos already in the environment or to diffuse sources in waich tne
pollutant has already been Bued with other effluent.
(12) KEYWORDS: bACPEKIA; MULutilCAI,; foOAKD; CANAUA; CUN1ROL;
DECOHPOSi;; FISh; HAZARDOUS; Pui.yCHLUi.IN ATx,D; ^pJiCJAL; Tbch SOLOGX; ToXIC
(15) ST1MS ACC.NO.: OUSJ6307
(1fa) kOC.Cir.: Anon, foison fcbs made safe i,j uacteri ; Fisniag
Sews International, 15(3) :b'/,
(1) SHXRS ACC.NO.: 037146
(2) DOBBSTIC: D (2) CAtttJO&Y: O1* (2) SUBa.rKfi.: S (10) PUB.
IKARi 1^76
(It) ABSJ'SACi1: 1'he reaovaj. of contaminanti. xroai woter cy using clay
mnerals is investigated, fne ability ot HVM, h««, ana L»a (high,
regular, and low volatile latter) clays to remove orgaui.cs, viruses,
and heavy «etals troB water was studied. Attapulgite clay was an
excellent adsoroent for various contaniaaitts tnat are resistant to
reBOval oy conventional water treatment processes. Contacting *ita
attapulgite, sepiolite and an amorphous zeolite resulted in vitrus
adsorption to various degrees, *itn tne higaest degree ot adsorption
exhibited by HVB grades of attapulgit-e. Contacting with WVH attapulgite
indicated that clay ausorued suustautial amounts of diazinon (an
insecticide), diethylstilbestrol (a horaone), and aflatoxin (a
aycotoxin), with probable total adsorption ot the aycotoxin.
Percolation of diazinon, diethyistubestrol, and aflatoxiu throutjn
granular !.¥» attapulgite resulted in good adsorptive capacities, with
the oest capacity for adsorptionn exhibited tor the atlatoxin. Good
capacities for neavy »etal adsorption were obtained using percolation
through a granular 1.VB attapuigite oed.
(12> RisXHOfiOS: ADSORPTION; CLAlf; t-OLLECTiOS; IN VEVI'lliATlUN; HKXAL;
MlBfiBAL; OBGAMIC; P iiR CO i-A JTE; POLLUTION; OI'ILIZE; VlhUi,; WATER
{15> STIBS ACC.NO.: 003361*1
(1») DOC.CIX.: norton, S. U. , and E. i. Sawyer. Clay ninerais
reaove organics, viruses and neavy aetals froB water. Water and Sewage
HorKs, Reference lssue:K-11b, K-11a, H-120, Apr. 30, 1V76.
156
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(1J SHIES ACC.NO.: 0370b2
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORI: 09 (2) SUfcJ.l'Jl-E: T (10) VUB.
I BABl 1976
111) ABSTRACT: The development and installation ot a chemical waste
landfill at the Onion Carbide plant in institute, iiest Virginia is
described. Investigations leading to the chemical landfill project
pointed out the need for handling a large volume of Haste, j-roxiaity of
landfill to plant, protection against uncontrolled leachate and
excessive rain, protection ot personnel, and avoidance of fire and
odor. Design and operating practices were developed for the landfill,
and costs for landfill operations were initially cased on an annual
waste load of 12,000 cu yd per year. Disposal costs ox chemical
landfill were compared to those associated with incineration and
sanitary landfill techniques. A tor* was specially designed for waste
classification and control. Based on the experience at the Union
Caroide plant, it is concluded that chemical landfill is a viable
method tor handling hazardous and refractory chemical waste. Problems
in the chemical landfill project nave included leachate collection and
odor, although it is anticipated that these will be corrected during
the final phase of landfill construction. It is felt mat a highly
experienced landfill operator familiar with chemicals and chemical
process operations is essential to the successful control ot a chemical
landfill facility.
112) KBIttORDS: CHEMICAL; CLASSIHCATIOH ; COMPARISON; CONFERENCE;
DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; FIRE; INCINEhATIOH; INVESTIGATION; LEACH;
MANAGEMENT; ODOR; PERSONNEL; SANITAUr LANDFILL; UEST VIRGINIA
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS36127
(18) DOC.CIT.: Slover, K. A case history: implementing a cnemical
waste landfill. In: National Solid hastes Management Association.
Proceedings; Fourth National Congress on Haste Management Technology
and Resource and Energy Recovery, Atlanta, flovemoer 12-14, 1975.
Washington, DC, 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, 382 p. (p.
46-66).
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 0370«1
{2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATBGOHJf: 09 (2) SUfcJ.'i'Y f£: U (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Chemical aspects of hazardous waste management are
noted. The chemical viewpoint of hazardous waste mana^eaent is
summarized in terms of three major steps: (1) segregate hazardous waste
from all other waste; (2) Keep various types of nazaraous waste
separated from each other; and (3) process Hazardous aatenals to
produce environmentally acceptable «nd products when there is no
opportunity for recycling. Conventional concepts in solid waste
management are considered, including a large and relatively constant
volume of waste, constant composition of waste, containment or waste in
a specific location, and control of waste to prevent adverse
environmental effects. The chemical viewpoint is contrasted with
conventional concepts in that it emphasizes a relatively small volume
of hazardous waste which must be kept segregated from trie oulu of
nonhazardous waste and special handling ot residues tio» processed
hazardous waste to prevent the regeneration of toxic characteristics.
It is concluded that the cost of proper hazardous waste management will
be higher than that ot nonhazardous waste management. However, the
potential cost associated wita inadequate disposal of hazardous waste
is much higher in terms ot economics and environmental damage.
(12) kEIBOHDS: CHEMICAL; COMPOSITION; CONFERENCE; CONTROL;
DISPOSAL; ECONOS1CS; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT; SEPARATING;
TOXIC; VOLUME
(1i) STIHS ACC.NO-: 00s3t>126
(Id) DOC.CIT.: Brown, w. E. The cnemical viewpoint of hazardous
wastes management. In: National Solid Wastes flanagement Association.
Proceedings; Fourth National Congress on waste Managetent Technology
and Resource and Energy Recovery, Atlanta, hoveauer 12-14, Idfi.
Hashing ton, DC, U. i>. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, 3B2 p. (p.
31-45V.
157
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
{1} SHIRS ACC.MO.: 037060
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOR*: 09 (2) SUfiJ.irPE: G (10} FOB.
IBAfi: 1976
(11) IBSTBACT: The regulation oi hazardous waste facility siting
within the context of an overall waste Management program is discussed.
'Sociopolitical aspects of facility siting are examined, along with
economic, institutional aud jurisdictional, and technical aspects. It
is felt that citizen acceptance of Hazardous waste facilities is the
most significant sociopolitical aspect of siting. An active, unbiased
public education program is recommended to encourage citizen
acceptance. The location of hazardous waste facilities on government
owned land is another way to allevidte public concerns but this is
recocmended only as a last resort. the following other recommendations
ace made: (1) eliminate waste importation bans in a geographiceil area
which are counterproductive; (2) build safeguards against the
abandonment of hazardous waste facilities into facility permit
processes; (3} provide private facilities with fiscal i/icentivets or set
up some form of public service facility; (4) address technical site
selection criteria independently rather than with some weighted average
scheme, since additive totals may mask basic detects in a proposed
site; and (5) establish minimum training reguireaents for facility
operators and a routine monitoring and surveillance program as basic
components in regulatory criteria for hazardous waste treatment and
disposal facilities.
(12) KEYWORDS: ABANDONED; CHEaiCAL; CONPEbESCt; GEOuBAPHif;
HAZARDOUS; WABAGEHEHT; HONITOK; PfcOGhAfl; PUBLIC; PUBLIC RELATIONS;
REGULATIONS; SAFETY; SITES; TRAINING
(15) STIHS ACC.NO-: OOS361/5
(18) DOC.CIT.: Lehman, J. P. Regulatory aspects 01 siting hazardous
waste treatment and disposal racilities. In: ti (10) PUB.
TBAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Solid and/or lj.gui.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 036816
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (^) SUBJ.TIPE: S; I (10) PUb.
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTBACT: A study on the purification of cyanide-containing
waste water by electrodialys>is is repori-ea. tne study was conaucted in
a gold extraction plant using au electrodialysis assetDly of th«
circulation type. It was found taat electrouialysis of solution:, after
gold removal is a very promising process which insurer both
purification of waste water and utilization oi valuable components.
Obstacles to industrial adoption of the process are noted that are due
primarily to the deposition of in^o^ucle conpounds on ion exchange
membranes, deposition interfiles with normal operation oi the
electrodialyzer*s hydraulic system, raises specific energy consumption,
and lovers the output capacity of the electrodialysis assembly.
Deposition prevention was investigated during electrodiaiysis 01
cyanide-containing solutions. The influence of various water-soluble
complexing agents and suriactaiit^ ou deposit formation w
-------
PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
cyanide wastes by eiectrodialysis involves preliminary ion exchange
softening oi solutions ana the use or electrodialysis concentrate for
regenerating ion exchange coluuns.
(12) KfcXWOBDS: K8IK8
(2) DOBEST1C: D (2) v-Ai't'tiOit Y: Oa (/.) bUbJ .i'yfK: T (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1^76
til) ABSTRACT: Keco»»ended proctdures are discussed for tne
disposal of wastes froe industrial facilities which contain
polychlorinated tiphenyls (PCb^s). The procedures, developed as part of
the Environnentai Protection Agency's action plant to insure that PCB*s
do not pollute the environment, are addressed priaarily to those
manufacturing and/or nsing capacitors and transformers containing PCBs.
Background infornatioii on the history ot PCb use in tne United states
is presented. Two options are recoitaended for the disposal 01
PcB-containing wastes: (1) incineration; and i^J controlled lanu
disposal. Proper incineration *ust involve a suitable oalance among
teaperature ifi tue incinerator, dweil tiaie in tne tiring chaaber, ana
oxygen availability, wastes containing PCb's aust not t
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 036U36
(2) DOMESTIC: ¥ (2) CATEGOftl: 0* (2) SUbJ.TlPB: S 00) PUB.
YJJAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Experiments with migration or substances and soil
percolation, carried out since 1973, iiave investigated soils
conta«iaalleufcach
special refuse deposit is described in detail as to si^e and what
special refuses nay be stored at the deposit accordiny to the official
permit. These include combustion residues; oil-conta«nnated soil; and
decontaminated, neutralized and puncture proof concentrated sludge. Tne
investment costs on the deposit are about 4 million DM ror tne first
stage of construction. For storage of one ton of special refuse at
Galleubach, the GSB (Corporation lor Disposal of Special Hefuse in
Bavaria) charges the waste producer 4U DM. (Text IB German kith English
translation attached. )
(12) KEYMOBDS: UISPOSAL; KCONUtllCS; i'AClLll'i; GfcfiriANX; HAZAfoDuUS;
IMCUSTSlf; (tEPUSE; SPtCIAL; i>TUKAG£
(15) ST1MS ACC.NO.: OOS35337
(,tfal DOC.CIT.: Sato Cofflnittee on challenges to floderi. Society.
Pilot study - disposal of hazardous wastes; the Gallenbach special
refuse deposit. (Pilotstadie-deseitigung yelochrlicher Auiaelle; uie
SonderBueildeponie Gallenlaach. ) At: international Experts Conference,
Bonn, May 10-13, 197t>, & p.
(t) ShlhS ACC.NO.: 03b1/U
(2) DoflESTIC: F (2) CAltfGOBI: 0** (4} iufaj .tXtil: :i (10} PUb.
YEAR: 1^/5
(11) ABSTRACT: 1'he usage of the herta Neuroae mine located near bad
Hersfeld, rfest Geraany, ror storing inau&trial aazardaos wastes is
discussed. The conditions in the siinj are particularly tovoasilt; ior
storage. Thanfcs to tJie clay, the saline iurmation is weii protected
from all infiltration oi water coning froai upper formations. Procedures
for tae storage ut ftazardoat; nastfcs are described in detail as well as
safety Bt-asures ior all involved uersonnei an der the airection 01 the
Society tor Action *Kale' und Sals", certain re^uldtiont are inposed a»d
carriwl out on sirface transport coDaitii>n& ui aangere.es wastes. (Text.
160
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
in French. The original document and translation lileu in SwIKS
library- )
(12) KEYWORDS: COHFKBEHCE; DISPOSAL; KUHOVB; GERMA»I; HAZARDOUS;
IHDUSTRl; LAW; MIKE
(15) STltfS ACC.HO.: OOS3521&
(18) DOC.CIT.: SATO Committee oil Challenges ot Houern Society Pilot
Study on the Elimination of Dangerous Hastes. Deposit of dangerous
wastes into the underground open-cast workings of the Potash Hine of
Herfazleurode. (Depot de tiechets aangereux dans les dzautier
soutercdins de la mine de potasse de Berfa Keurode). Keport of the
•eeting of Technical Experts at Bad Hersfeld, fcest Geraany, Dec. 16-17,
1975. 18 p.
(1) SW1RS ACC.NO.: 036155
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oi* (±1 SBBJ.TYPE: S 110} PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The nature of cation changes in windbreak soils
resulting fro» feedlot runoff is investigated in relation to the
premature death of trees. Three windbreaks located adjacent to
livestock feedlots and containing segments vita dead trees aere studied
in the Plate River «ailey near Grand island, Hebraska in 1969. At each
investigation site, soil profiles were sampled in one-foot increments
to a depth of 4 ft. Values for chemical properties were averaged tor
each soil sample depth, wita a 1:1 ratio of soil in distilled water
used for pH measurements. Electrical conductivity of soil samples was
deterlined, along with cation exchange capacities. Soil profile samples
showed that feedlot runoff, over a period of 2 to 3 yrs, increased soil
pH and conductivity and altered the exchangeable cation status in dead
tree areas. Changes in soil samples, however, were not considered to be
sufficient to kill the trees, although sodiun saturation was too high
within feedlots to support uoraal plant growth. It was suggested that
heavy metals and organic substances (or their decompositon products}
leaching through soils could have been toxic to tee trees. Grading was
recommended to divert the flow of wastes away fro* established Mind
breaks or, alternatively, the selection of upslope locations for new
plantings.
(12) KEYBOKDS: CHEMJL4L; DISTILLATION; EAflTH; Ei'FtCT; ELECTRICAL;
FEED LOT; HAZARDOUS; LAUD; LEACH; MfcASUREBEHTS; NEBRASKA; PH; TIME;
TOXIC; VEGETATIUB
(15) ST1BS ACC.NO.: OGS35200
(18) DOC.CIT.: Van Havenbeke. D. I'. , L. Chesnin, and D. K. Killer.
Feedlot Waste runoff and nortality of wmdbreaK trees. Journal of Soil
and Hater Conservation, 31(1) : 1t-17, Jan. -Feb. 15*76.
(1) SHIB S ACC.NO. ; Oj
[2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAi'EJOrt i: 12 (2) SUE.J.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
tEJIfi: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This publication contains about 35 papers delivered
to ttit1 National Conrerenct on Maria +<-ment and Disposal ot Residues fcoa
the Tceatmpr.t cf Industrial ridstewa ters. I'ho cor.terence was divided
into the tolloKinq areas CL concein: institutional sludje nan age meat
coiisilecat ions ; inocq^aic c«s idjc oyatems; and disposal. Somt- specific
ar^as of concern n.cluje; hazardous wast.p naiiageaieiit; sludge
dewatecinq; waste water reuse systems; tiit recovery of protein values
from industrial wastes; miid aisposal problems and tecunology; and the
stabilization ol Hazardous wdotta. The papers wt ro (/rest-ntfei by
personnel iron various qover n.ne uta i agencies, privatt industries, and
research or euucctt loial institut u>n 3 „ (inis document is retained in the
ShIRS library. )
(12) KLYWOHiiS: CONThOi,; DISPOSAL; KCONO*!ILS; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
f.ANAGEMENl; PLAN81NG; POLLUTION; i-fl Ulilr, C,S; EROCK3S; hECLAMATION;
HE-SIDUE; S1. UD,', i.; TKEAT:1fNT
(15) STIhS ACC.NO.: 005,i2-jq5
(}h) DOC.CIT,: Procot>l ing» ; Mat Lonal Conft-rt net- on Mdnautmc-n t and
Disposal o£ Peii.lues fotui tne Treatment of In.! u;it';i.'.l l«a;>tf>watt>rs,
kashiuqtor., D, C. , I't-D. J-'j, 1^75. ho ;.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 03360b
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB-
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Data are presented on the acute toxicity of the
thermal degradation products of polymers obtained by two Methods of
degradation. One system utilized a slowly increasing temperature and
gradual degradation of the polymer with the rats being exposed to
degradation products us they were evolved. In this system the wore
toxic polymers included wool, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and
urethane foa«- The second systea utilized conditions of rapid
combustion and exposure oi rats to the total products of combustion for
a period of 4 hr. In this system, the more toxic Materials included red
oak, cotton, acrylonitrile-ou-tadiene-styrene, and
styreneacrylonitrile. this report deals with acute toxicity on the
basis of mortality data only ana does not include other parameters of
toxicxty such as organ weights and histopathology. The two experimental
techniques presented in the study closely represent the two extreme
conditions of rapid combustion versus slow pyrolysis.
(12} KEYWORDS: AHAilSiS; CHEMICAL; COMBUSTIBLE; DATA; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; POLYBKB; PROCESS; PKROLXSIS; BESEAHCH; TEXTILE; TOXIC
(15J STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS32650
(lt») DOC.C1T.: Cornish, H. fa. , K. J. Hann, and H. L. Bartt.
Experinental toxicology oi pyrolysis and combustion hazards.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 11:191-196, June
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 033385
(2) DOMESTIC: ¥ (2] CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11} ABSTRACT: The first Bargreaves Clearwaste Treatment Centre is
nearing completion where liquid waste, including toxic wastes, will be
entirely disposed of ay chemical treatment and incineration, under the
strict control of Government regulations. Haste will come, into the
centre in sealed tankers and pumped into nigb security storage tanks. '
Analysis will then taKe place and the liquid will be chemically
treated. Sludge will be disposed of through incineration. Estimated
capacity will be 500,000 gal per week.
(12) KEY*OftUS: ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; UB£AT BBITAIM;
HAZARDOUS; 1NCIN KftATION; LIQUID; SLUDGE; STOKAGE; TfifAT«£*fT
(15) STias ACC.HO.: OOS32429
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hargreaves toxic waste centre. Water and Waste
Treatment, 18(6) : 12, May 1975.
(1) Swlftii ACC.NO.: 032999
(2) DOMESTIC: ¥ (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TIPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A processing plant for the treatment of hazardous
industrial waste nas seen constructed by polymeric Treatments, Ltd.
near their brownhills, Staffordshire, works lu Britain. The plant,
known as the Sealosaie plane, will treat 50,000 tons of industrial
waste per year. Using a polymerization unit which reacts the wastes
with chemicals, a thick porridge-like slurry is formed. After pumping
to a land reclamation site, the slurry converts into a hard solid
within 3 days. The weight controlled polymerization is carried out at
noraal temperature and atmospheric pressure. All waste is treated.
There are no gases produced and no liquid effluent is discharged during
the process. Treated wastes have very low permeability, are
non—leaching, are non-biodegradable, odorless, and have substantial
strength. Thus, the polynerized wastes are not easily dispersed into
the environment.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; EUKOPE; GB£AT BRITAIH; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; LEACH; PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; POLYBEK; PROCESS; KECLABATIOM; TOXIC
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS32043
(Id) DOC.CIT.: Britain's iirst waste polymerization plant.
Surveyor, 35, Nov. 1, 1974.
162
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PROCESSING, DISPOSAL, AND SITING
(1) SKIBS ACC.SO.: 032997
(2) bOHESTlC: F (2) CAThGORK; OS Ul SUBJ .'jOfPE: U 00) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSXBAC1': A 750,000 pounds sterling automated Hazardous
industrial waste processing and recovery center has been constructed in
Rough Bute, Stirling by tie-Chen international of Scotland. Inorganic
wastes will be processed caeaicaliy using advanced aethods pioneered by
the conpany and previously tested aid simiIdi plant in Pontypool.
Souto Hales. The treatment process viil render poisonous *aute
substances innocuous and convert all toxic components eitner into
narsless water soluble derivatives or into Water insoluble inert
derivatives. Bany metals, including copper, nickel, couait, cadviun,
tin, and lead, are covered lor reuse by tne process. Maste not suitable
for chelical treatment will bt» processed through a hich temperature
incinerator.
(12J KBlHOBflS: CHEHlCAi.; jiUROk-E; liKcAl bh^TAH;
ISCIHEBA'SIOH; IHClNURtTOR; INUUS'rRi; ANORGANIC; MtTAL;
BECLAMATIOH; SCOXLANb; TOXIC; TKi.AIMi.NX
(15J STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS32041
(18) DOC.C1X.; Scotland gets hazardous waste processing piunt.
Surveyor, 145 («*310) :37, Jan. 17,
163
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section 7
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) ShIRS ACC.SO.: 04d12d
(2J DOMESTIC: D (2) CArBGOHX: 12 (2) SU&J.l'IPE: S
(3) A8TICLE TITLE: Zinc auu cadaiua contents of agricultural soils
and corn in northwestern Indiana.
(4) AU'THOK: t-ietz Rl
(6) JOUBNAL TITLE: ^ Environ Quality
(10) LANGUAGE: £M (10) PUB. IEAn: 1a7a
(11) AflSTHACT: The broad scope of Cd, Pb, and in contamination iron
•the northwestern Indiana .industrial urban area on adjacent, rural,
agricultural soils was studied and the cnanges in soil crop metal
concentrations with distance Iron tne industrial urban complex were
evaluated. Saapling iu the region revealed no widespread Betal
contasination. Some metal enrichment oad occurred on agncultur al soils
in Gary and East Gary, Indiana. Corn lead concentration of Cd, Pb, and
Zn fluctuated with saapiing location, but grain Ca ait a Pi, levels
regained essentially constant at less than 0.05 and less than G .4
•icrograas/g, respectively. A comparison of Zn/cd ratios in soils, and
in corn leaves ana grain, suggested tnat Cd was more actively
accumulated in the corn plant but not tne grain. Because of tue limited
acreage affected and the relatively low metal levels observed, no human
or anma 1 health problems are expectc-u from Harvested crops or silage.
Xiie use of lag distance versus log metal concentration in regression
analysis showed that the limited uetai contamination of agricultural
soils was nainly in a southeasterly direction from tne industrial urban
area.
(12J KEXKOBDS: ISblCOLXUBE; t'A«Xfi; HEALTH; INOUSTriS; BEIA^;
VEGETABLE
(14) U1EBAKCB TEflHb: llif/^AM ; 1HK/2ZI; 1ST
(ti»J STIHS ACC.NO.: Oi)S<4?lBl ( ID) SECOHDAfeit AUI'HuBS: Mai.ariX fl;
Vetter KJ
Cl'fATIOM : 7(Jj :Jo1-3d4, jui.-Sep.
(1) SK1RS ACC.NO.: 047911
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBX: 24 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: 3; X
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Treating sludges.
(6) JOUBNAL TITLE: Environ Science Tech
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. JEAh: 1970
(11) ABSTRACT: The treataunt of nunicipal and industrial wastewater
sludge in a Kiln with nolten salt for the renoval of toxic netals,
organic coapounds, gases, and particulates is explored. Salts used
consist of alkali salts, sulfates, ^nd oxides. Together witn calciui
oxide, these salts can, lor exaapie, reauce sulfur aioxide in a gas
streak froa 700 ppi to tnree pp«. Collected solruf dioxide cau as
reacted with aluainua oxide to produce vaiudOle alujiinua aulfdte. Toxic
organics, including nitrogen containing organics in huaan waste, are
decoitposed. Aside froi a soaewnat involved uistiiiatiou process needed
to recover caduiui ana nercury, it may be possible to recover up to 9531
of antimony, cnroaiun, nanganese, nickel, and zinc. Prooiens iiith
sewage sludge involve not only pathogens but also neavy metals e ma.de j;roa
164
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ANALYSIS, REShARCH, ANU DEVELOPMENT
•unicipal refuse. Technological aspects of recovery processes ami
disposal are evaluated.
(12) KKWORDS: CAUFOBNIA; FUEL; INDUSTRY; KETfiL; BUNlClPALiry;
PlTHOGEH; HBCLABATION; REiKOSE UfcRltftL; SALT; SLODliE; 1'ECHMOi.OGY ; TOXIC;
BASTE HATER
(14) ttlEBASCH TEKHS: 1ET/2WT; 1Sl'/i:HP; 1TH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46963
(16) CITATION: 12 (5) : !>11-512, Bay
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBI: 09 (2) SUHJ.TIPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Solid Waste disposal
(4) AUTHOR: Lollar KB
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Leather Banufacturer
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. XEAh: 197B
(11) ABSTRACT: Solid waste is classified as hazardous according to
six criteria drafted Ly the Environmental Protection Agency (flammable,
corrosive, infectious, reactive, radioactive, and toxic waste). Two
specific criteria to control the classification or tannery solid waste
are proposed: (1j solid waste whose pH is below three or over 12 when
dJ-iluted one to one with water are corrosive; and (2) toxic £>y specific
analytical definitions or selected bioassay procedures. The analysis
test method for determining the hazardous nature of waste involves six
parts: (1) has a concentration of any substance for wtiich a drinKing
water standard exists greater tnau or equal to ten times the standard;
(2) has a concentration or any substance greater than or equal to O.j,5
tiaes the lowest oral •a««alian lethal median dose; (3) has a
concentration of any substance e^ual to ten tiaes the lowest 96 hour
lethal aedian concentration for those substances; (t) phototoxicity
criteria, not deterained; (i>) contains aore than the aaount of
genetically active aaterial established by as yet undeteraiued tnrehold
liaits; and (6) contains aore than the indicated aaouut of any
persistent/bioaccusulable aaterial based on as yet undeterained
threshold liaits. It is recommended that special attention be given i>y
the tanning industry to hexavalent chroaiua, benzene, and free
benzidine froa direct djestuffs.
(12) KETtwOBDS: CRITEhlA; HA/iAJtDOUS; LAW; ttfiGQLA'fIONS
(14) HIERAHCH TERBS: 1HC; UP/2FF
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOS4b*51
(16) CITATION: 95 (2):23-^6, Feb. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.; 047b93
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CAJ-EoOK*: 09 (/) SUttJ.TlfPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Uow hazardous are effluents froa today's
technologies?
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Environ Science Tech
(10) LAiiiUAGE: EN (10) PUb. IEAK: 197U
(11) AbSTRACT: The use of conventional Biological aud chemical
procedures in combination to analyze the hazardous nature or effluent
is recoaBended to overcome deficiencies ot whole sanpie testing.
Chemical fractionatios oi tf»e waoje ssay
techniques and efforts ox the t,x.eat
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
discussed. Scientific factors to consider in testing environmental
samples are examined.
(12) KEXHORDS: ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL; KFFLOEBT; HA;£A«DQOS;
INDUSTRY; MICROblOLOGlt; TOXIC
(1*) HIERABCH TERHS: 1HC/2AN; 11K/2EF; 1TH
(15) STIBS ACC.MO.: OOS46945
(16) CITATION: 12(5):50b-510, Way 197b.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047751
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TifPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Hazardous wastes input into class I iandj.ills.
(4) AUTHOR: Eichenberger b
(6) JOURNAL TITLK: J Environ sngring Div ASCB
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. IBAfc: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Seventeen metai species discharged to Class I
landfill sites are documented in this study. These sites receive a
combined estimated daily volute oi 2.3 x 10 (6) 1/u of hazardous wastes.
The following metal species occurred (in order of predominance, sodium
being the greatest) according to their estimated daily total
deposition: sodium, iron, calcium, zinc, potassiuo, magnesium, copper,
chromium, nickel, lead, oarium, manganese, vanadium, arsenic, cadaiua,
beryllium, and gold. Approximately 50* of the total volume of hazardous
wastes sampled were generated by the petroleum industry. About 35* of
the volume was equally divided between the chemical industry and
industrial cleaning. The «etal, rood, and miscellaneous/unknown
industries each contributed less than 10% of the total volune.
Approximately 70% of the total voluae was in the aqueous phase and o%
consisted of an organic liquid ptaase. Tiie weight percent of 17 metal
species in the soluble phase ranged fro* less taan 10% to a aaxisum of
90X. The volume flow and concentration ox soluble toxic netals pose a
potential water quality problen.
(12) KEYHOBDS: DISPOSAL; bAiAfiCOUS; LIQUID; H£TAL; POLLUTION;
SANITA8! LANDFILL; SITES; HATER
(14) B1ERA8CB TERMS: 1HCV/2DP; 181; 1UK; 1SU/2SO
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS4o»05 (15) SECOSDAR5T AUTHORS: Chen Klf;
Edwards J
(16) CITATION: 104(EE3J :3b5-j99, Jun. 1970.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 047744
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORX: 09 (2) SUBJ-TIPE: S; t
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Prispevok ku kontrole toxicity odpadovyck vod
pre biologicke cistenie aktivovanyn Kaloa:, (Contribution to the
toxicity control of waste waters during oiologicai purification with
activated sludge).
(4) AUTHOR: Regula S
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Chemicky frunysl
(10) LANGUAGE: C2 (10) GEO. AREA: 1KU/2CZ (10) PUu. SEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The method of activated sludge has proven to be the
most effective method for the purification of wastewaters containing
organic substances. The authors have devised a very sensitive netnod
for determining the toxicity of activated sludge for protozoa.
Activated sludge may contain thousands of individual protozoans per
milliliter, and more than 200 species nave been identified. The most
suitable test objects are the Ciliata (about 130 species] aad smaller
forms visible at 100-150-fold magnitication. Ifte devised test has
enabled the authors to determine the conditions for purification of
vastewater from the manufacture oi Ineunax BXT, Sulfenax CB and
peptazias in the biological stage ana to determine tht toxicity ranging
of the following organic substances: benthiazol,
benthiazol-sulfonamide, beuthiazol-sulphenamide; aniline benzthiazol,
ammonium benzthiazylsulfonate. Ciliata is a suitable object for
determining the maximum pernissibie salinity of wastevaters, e.y-, for
(NH<4) 2504, a toxic effect was observed at a concentration ot seven to
•ight g/1. Dsing a similar procedure, differences could be found in tne
toxicity between MU4OH, NdMi.L, (MH4) 2C03, NU4HOJ, etc. fne use of
protozoa for the toxicity rating ot soxe types of wastewaters from tfte
166
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
chemical industry can be a valuable supplement, to trie other currently
used microbiological and nydrobiological aetnoas. (original text in
CzechoslovaKiau).
(12) KEYWORDS: ACTIVATES SLUDGE; COKTROL; CZECHOSLOVAKIA;
HAZARDOUS; BIC800RGAN1SH; TOXIC; HASH. KATEri
(lit) B1ERARCH TERMS: THC/2AM ; IMh; t3t>/2rfP
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OCS46/9a (ti) 3£XONL>ARi AUTHORS: MucovsJcy P
(16) CITATION: /6 (51) :37s-376, 1V76.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047716
C2) DUHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: <;4 (2) SObJ.TYPE: S
(3) Anl'ICLK TITLE: Soybean growth and composition as inrluenced by
soil amendments of sewage sludge anc iieavy aetals: field studies.
(4) AUTHOR: Ha« GE
(6) JOURNAL TI'i'Lt: Agronomy Jouindl
(10> LANGUAGE: iJN (1U) PUb. XBAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Field studies on soybean gro*tu and coiposition as
influenced by soil amenaaents 01 se*ii^e sluaye and beavy «etals *ere
conducted to determine the partitioning 01 these heavy netais into the
various plant parts. Anaerooiciiily digested sludge was applied at rates
ot 2S, 50, and 100 and 2uO metric t/ha to soii. on which soybeans were
grown. The addition ot sewage siuuge aia not significantly inrluence
soybean yield. The seed concentration of tt, t, K, 'in, aud Cd increased,
wbereas the Fe concentration decreased, when mature plants were
separated into leaves, steins, husks, or pods and seed, analyses
indicated that in was concentrated in tne leaves, increasing up to 331
»g Zn/g leaf at the 200 metric t/ha sludge rate, while at the 100
metric t/ha level, the in concentration leveled off aud Cadaium and Cu
were more concentrated in the mature leaf tissue. It iras concluded that
sewage sludge of trie type applied in the study coula i»e used as a
source ol P without yield reductions, and results did not indicate
large increases of sludge borne metaia in the seed.
(I/!) KEYWORDS: LhOP; iAKi'H; INVESTIGATION; aEi'AL; SEfcAGE; SLUDGE
(14) hIERARCH TEKHS: 1MK/2HV; 1sp/2UT; 1ST
(15) S'i'IMS ACC.No.: OOS4b770 (15) SECONDaKY AUTHuRS: Doady «H
(16) CITATION: 70 (2} :i2b-330, Mac.-Apr.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047531
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2} cAr£iio«y: i/^ (/}
(3) ARTICLE 1'ITLE: Fate 01 or panics.
("*J AUTHOR: Weber J it
(6) bOOK TITLE: In composting of municipal Kesiaues auu Sludges,
1977 National Conference, Aug. 2j-2j, 1977.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1i*7a
(11) ABSTRACT: i'he movement aud aegraoatiou ot organic pollutants
in sludge are analyzed, organic components ot industrial waste effluent
are listed according to source and composition, organic uuste ana
environmental tuxins are ca teyor izeu in terms ot their aegradu-bility:
(1) readily degradable tamiiio suwjdrfc., carfaohyarates, iatty acids,
nucleic acids, and proteins) ; ond (/:) slowly deuradaDle (cellulose
detergents, tats, nuatic cuxpouuclb, riiurocarcous, iignin, pesticiaes,
phenols, plant and bile pigments, tdcniii, and hazes) . Key industries
that generate potentially hazaraous waste are identified. Reactions ot
organic compounds with the soil, degradation 0.11 u transfer processes,
volatilization, movement in runoii, ana uptaKe oy pjiauts are discussed.
(Retained in SM1RS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; hAi.«iil)oU.>; UriGAJKlC; POLLUTION; Si-UJJGt:
(14) HIERAfiCH TERMS: liiv-/2AN ; 1St/2AN
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: UOSUbj.fc.4 (la) StCONlJAhi AUi'HUKS: Saeets TJ
(16) CITATION: Rockville, KU, lafornation Transfer, Inc., li»7b.
p.81-b5.
167
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(t) SMIRS ACC.NO.: 047308
(2J DOMESTIC: b (2) CATEUORS: 24 (2) SOBJ .TX J?E: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Cadaiun-enriched sewage sludge application to
acid and calcareous soils: effect on yield and cad»iu« uptake by
lettuce and chard.
(4) AUTHOR: Rattier KJ
(6) JOURSAL TITLE: .J Environ Quality
(tO) LANGUAGE: Etf (10) PUB. fEAK: 1i»78
(11) ABSTRACT: Eight soils Kith pH values ranging from 4.8 to 7.6
Here treated with 1% sewage sludge a«ended with variable amounts of
CdS04 to study tbe erlect on yield and cadmiua uptake by lettuce and
chard. Results indicate that diagnostic levels tor Cd in soil and in
plant tissue are soil as well as crop specific. Swiss chard and lettuce
grown in either acid or calcareous Cd contaminated soils absorb
quantities of Cd considerably in excess of normal levels without
substantial concoaitant yield reductions. This denonstrates taat Cd
toxicity to plants grown in Cd contaminated soils, by itself., is not
sufficient to control excess Cd in tne food chain.
(12) KEXtfORDS: EAHTH; RESEARCH; SLUDGE; UTILIZE; VEGETABLE
(14) H1ERAHCH TE«Hi: IMP; 1SV/2UT; 1sT; IVli
(15) STI»S ACC.HG.: OOS46J62 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: biisghaa FT;
Page AL
(16} CITATION: 7 (2) :2'J4-^«1, Api .-Jua . 19'/6.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 04V231
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOSi: 0^ (2} SUBJ.l'XPiJ: S; I
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig fl
(6) BOOK TITLE: Toxic Metals: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection,
(10) .LANGUAGE: EU (10) P0i(. YEAB: 1b»76
(11) ABSTRACT: The prevention ot toxic metals poisoning in
industries and in the general euvironaent is considered in this 30th
voluae of tne Noyes Data Corporation's Pollution Technology Review
Series. Detailed consideration is given co ttie tollowinij »etals:
aati«onyr arsenic, barius, Jjeryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper,
indiui, lead, «ahgane:>e, nercury, •olybdenua, nickel, selenium, tin,
vanadium, and zinc. Each toiic netal is exaained in terns ot toxicity,
extent of exposure, at-t.ection, environmental standards, handling
procedures, reaoval fro» air, reaovoi troa water, solid waste disposal,
and ec-onoeic ispact ol controls. (Retained in SWiKS library) .
{12> KEYWORDS: COfcMui.; DISPU^AL; ENVIRONaEUT; HA2AKyOUS; HEALTH;
MANAaEHESr; MilTAL; fOLLOTlOlt; fUXIC
(14) hIERARCH IEKBS: 1HC/2AN; 1hC/2DP; IHt; IKK; ITa
(15J VllaS ACC.NO.: OOS462b5
(16) CITATION: Park Rid>,e, »a, hoyes bata Corporation, 1976.. 3iO p.
(1) S«IRS ACC.MO.: 04o009
(2) bOKBSTIC: i) (2) CATEGOUX: 21 (/.} SUbJ.I'YPi.: S
(3) ARTICLE Tli'LE: laen tit ication ot vCB's in the presence of
DDT—type compounds using low temptroture iuziueacence.
(4) AOTHOfi: iirownxigg J'i
(6) JOUKNAL flfLt: Arch tnviroc Contamination and I'oxicol
(10) LANGUAGE: tN (10) PUB. SEAi<; 197b
(11) AiiSliJACf: An inves «a cation to assess the appiicaoiiity ot low
tesserature lumiaescence spectroscopy to the ^roblen uf identifying
polycolorinatea i/i^tienyls (PCS's) iit the prfcst.iiCe ol iiDi'-type compounds
is described. PCu and DDT concentrations at t.ub-part per oiiliou ievels
in water can be rapidly festia,dt*?u us»ing an extraction procedure
followed by lusinesduce measuremet.t at 77 K. i/fetection iitits in
natural water saiples havint, higii levels of fluorescent materials and
particulates may i»e more than »n order of nagnituue higher. Tueae
limitations coulu procacly iie oveicoee oy tne inclusion ot a staple
cnrosdto^rapnic step or the uae 01 noprovt-d c-itraction techniques, i'he
• ethou utilized comnieiciall)' jVaiiai/ie instrument
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
witt gas or liquid chromatography, low temperature luminescence
analysis might be used profitably with either procedure for
confirmatory aeasureients. The aethod may be extended to include a
wider array of aromatics. Future work is suggested.
(12) KK?WORU3: ANALYSIS: BESEARCH; INVESTIGATION; POLYMiiK;
SPECTROGfcAPdlC; TKKPEKATUKE; TOXIC; KAT£K
(14) hlBBAKCH TEfcflS: UJJ; 1BC/2AN; 18P; 1WE/2AN
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS45GV> (15) SECONDAfiX AUTHORS: Hornig AS
(16J CITATION: 4 (2) :175-1B2, 1976.
(1) S&18S ACC.80.: 045806
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAIEliOKI: *:« (2) SUBJ.TTPE: S
(3) ABXICLE TITLE: Effects of incubation and liming on yield and
heavy metal uptake by rye fro« senate-sludged soil.
(«} AUTHOB: iagerwerff Jtf
(6) JOORHAL TITLE: J Environ Quality
(10) LABGOAGE: ES (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/2DC; 1Ui>/2HO/3BL (1Q) PUB.
YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Soil management procedures which could effectively
•ini*ize the agronomic hazards of applied sludge are coipared. Rye was
grown under controlled conditions ou EvesiK>ro sandy loaa aienaed witn
digested secondary sewage sludge. Plant yield and uptaxe of cadmium
(Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (£n) were measured as functions
of sludge application rate (0 to 10% dry veignt basis), sludge origin
(Baltimore, Md.» and Washington, I>. C.) , pH of soil-siudge mixture (two
levels), incubation time between nixing and planting (0 to 7 weeks),
and plant age (three clippings). Plant yields from successive clippings
decreased as sludge application rates increased. Uptake of the four
metals increased with sludge additions ana vith plant age, in the order
(high to low) Zfi, Cd, Pb, Cu. Metal uptake decreased in the order (high
to loir) 'La, Cu, ib ana Cu with the addition 01 lime. Jlncuoation
diminisaed Cu and Pb uptake. Test results suggest organic matter
complex formation in tise order Cu, Fb, in, Cd. The relatite uptake of
extractaDle Cd from soil was greater than that of Zn, especially upon
liming, while the total uptake of these metals then decreased.
(12) KEIBQRDS: DISTK1CT Of CuUIHljIA; JiARTb; IliV ESTIGATlUlt; JLIBE;
HABtLABD; BETA!,; 808-FEK80Ui; SEWAGE; Si-OOGE; TBANSPOHT
HIEBARCH TERflS: 1HE/2HB; 1SF; 1S1/2S9; 1SJ
STI8S ACC.NO.: OOSt^aiS (Ib) SECOHDAHI AUTHORS: oiersdorf
Gf. Milberg BP
(16) CITATION: b (H} :'»27-4J1, 1977.
(1) SWIBS ACC.fcO.: 045805
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAXEGO8Y: 24 (2) SUBJ.rtPE: ii
(3) ARTICLE TII'LK: Transport of heavy metals in a sludge-treated
forested area.
("*) AOTHOK: Sidie EC
(6) JOURNAL T1TLK: J Environ v'ua-Lity
(10) 1.ASGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. XEAk: 1!*77
(11) ABSTRACT: A study 1.0 dettrmine the transport ot heavy metals
ia a forested sludye disposal area is reported. Plots in a mixeu
hardwood forest received two separate applications oi a&aerobically
digested senage cJudye (0,1 to .i.1* solids) in fall ty?4 ana spring
197S, Total solids loading 111 the low also niga treatments were 12.71
arid 26,ib metric toar,/ha, respectively. Copper (Cu) zuic (Zn} and
cadmium (Cd) loaaings in the nigh treatment were 24.50, 2b,'*9, and
0.253 kg/ha, respectively. Calculated amounts of percolate Cu, in, and
Cd moving out of the 12u-cm de^tii in tne hi-jh treatment were 0.3, 3.2
and 6.6* of the total applied levels, respectively, indicating tne
order of relative mobility in soil as Cd, Zu and Cu (tt«?. lowest). It
»as determined that Cu applied in tne sewayfc sludge tfas mwte eitr
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
and Hi. increased in the 0 to 7.5-cm depth following sludge
applications.
(12) KEYWORDS: EARTH; FOBKSTBI; INVESTIGATION; METAL; HOS-FBBBOOS;
SEiAGE; SLUDGE; TRANSPORT
(14) H1EHA8CH TEKHS: 1FA/2E5T; 1flfc/2NB; 1SV2S9
(15) SUMS iCC.SO.: OOS44854 (15) SECOSDAR* AOTHOBS: Kardos L'l
(16) CITATIOB: 6(4) :431-437, 1977.
(1J SHIHS ACC.NO.: 045729
(2) DOBBSTIC: D (2) CATEGOhT: 01 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: S
(4} AUTHOR: Kover FD
(6) BOOK TITLE: Considerations Delating to Toxic Substances in the
Application of Municipal Sludge to Cropland and Pastureland (A
Background Sun nary).
(8) IIT1S 80.: PB 263 006 (0) BEPORT BO.: JBPA 560/8-76-004
(10) LABGOAGE: EH (10) FOB. 1EAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Background information on potential health hazards
from toxic substances fro* disposal and utilization of municipal sludge
on agricultural lands, particularly croplands and pasturelands where
products enter the human food chain, is presented. Toxic elements and
synthetic organic chemical substances known to be present in such
sludges are listed as mercury, motor oil additives, flov entrapment
from water-carrying pipes (lead, copper, cadnun, zinc, and antimony),
street runoff, detergents, laundry products, and consumer products such
as pesticides and organics. Factors atfecting plant uptake of toxic
substances Bay include soil/sludge pH, organic content, cation exchange
capacity, soil distribution and variables, plant age, species, rooting
depth, and climatic (seasonal) effects. It is concluded that additional
data on plant uptake and on chronic effects ol low-level dietary
exposure to trace elements and substances entering the food chain fro»
sevage sludge are needed, with principal concern for contamination by
heavy metals and pesticides. (Retained in SWIRS library).
(12) KETHOBDS: AGRICULXUfiE; DAIJJI; DISPOSAL; HEALTH; LAKD;
BU8IC1PAL1TI; SAFETJ; SLDDGK; TOXIC
(14) HIERARCH TERHS: 1DD/2I>K; 1iil)/2DK; 1Kb; 1TD
(15) STIfiS ACC.MO.: OOS4477B
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, lov. 1976. 24 p.
(1) SBIRS ACC.MO.: 045530
(2) DOHES3P1C: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; I
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Die Besti»»ung von Cyaniden in Hasser and in
fasten Abfallen. (The determination of cyanide in water and solid
wastes) .
(4) AUTHOR: Mertens H
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: £eit aasser Abwasser Forschung
(10) LANGUAGE: GH (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2GE (10) PUB. 1TEA8: 1976
(11> ABSTRACT: Methods tor diifereatiation and detection o£
cyanides are discussed. Total cyanides and easily liberated cyanides
are defined; new techniques developed by the Deutsche Einheitsverfahren
zur Hasser-, Sbwasser- und Schlamuntersuchung tor their detection, as
well as that of cyanogen chloride, are presented. Detection of cyanide
ions in distillates, using turbidity titration of high sensitivity and
formation of polyaethine dye, is described. Included are critical
comparisons of other published methods, in particular those dealing
with separation and deconposition processes. (Original text in German).
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CHEHICAL; COBPAhlSON; HAZARDOUS; IQS;
TOXIC
(14) HIERAHCH TERHS: 1AE; 1BA/2HU; 1TD
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOS4457fe
(16) CITATION: 9(6) :133-195, Bov.-Dec. 1976.
170
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SB1HS ACC.SO.: 0<4t>513
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEtiOKI: 2<* (2) SObJ.TliPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Kawdi A
(6) BOOK TITLE: Feasibility of using sewage Sludge in Highway
Embankment construction.
(8) HTIS 80.: PiJ 242 260 (tt) REPORT *0.: *'HHA-hl»-75-3tt (9)
CONTRACT NO.: BOT-FJi-1 1-B122
(10} LANGUAGE: Ltt (10) PUb. IJSAit: 1*75
(11) ABSTRACT: A laboratory evaluation of the feasibility of
utilizing sevage sludge in construction oi a highway eabanknent was
conducted, Sixtures composed 01 line, fly ash, waste calcj.ua sulfate
and up to 1? percent, sewage sludge were evaluated. The effect of li«e
type, fly ash source and the relative proportions of line, fly ash and
waste calcium suifate on compressive strength of compacted specimens
was Measured. Using the cuter.1.011 tnat the 2d day conpressive strength
soould be So p.s.i. (3M5 kN/s^uaru aeiers) greater to an that of uncured
specimens, over 75 percent of the formulations exaaiined passeu this
test. Two soils, one saudy and the otu.ec clay, were used to replace 30,
50 and 70 percent ot the tly ash in selected femulations, ill samples
with the soil replaceaent exceeded the minimum strength gain criterion.
Selected f emulations were further evaluated tor voluae ctiaiiye,
durability, peraeability and ieacndbiiity. Both freeze-thaw resistance
and wet-dry stability were aeasured and aeterninea to be narginal. The
perueability was touna to oe low, oi the order of one Billionth en/sec.
Analysis of the leachate fron the peraeability tests indicatea that the
heavy »etaIs present in the sewage sludge (cadiiua, chrosnua, mercury
and zinc) were retained in the aixture. However, lime and gypsun did
increase the pti and calciua and suiiute ion concentrations in the
leachate. (Retained in swibs library).
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; COHPACl'lUU; £ARTii; tli'lbAN KHJiNT;
ENGINEERING; PLi ASM; HIGdWAi; Li-ACtl; LlSti; iLUUG±J; UTILISE
(14) hIERARCH TERHli: 1*'L./2Ki'; 1LC; 1Sl//5i«
(15) SllflS ACC.NU.: OOSUK561 (1t>j ShCONOAfcr AUTHORS: Ross J;
Snith LB
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.i. Department ot Transportation,
Feb. 1S75. 44 p.
(1) SW1BS ACC.iNO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEuOh*: 24 (2) SUBJ.l'YPE: S
(3) AhriCLE Tll'LK: Contriliutiono to ecolocjical chemistry. CXXXVill
Fate of fCbs-TiC in sewage treatment - laooratory experiments with
activated sludge.
(4) AUTHOR: Her Us t K
(b) JOURKAi. Tl'l'Li: cheaosphere
(10) LANGUAGE: iiN (10) PUb. ](EAh; 1!<77
(11) AbS'l'RACr: 'i'tie late ot poiychxor.inated oipnenyl (PCh) residues
in water and sludge after activattd sludge treat Bent »as investiyated
using caroon-14 labeled ictis applied to activated sluage supplied by a
•unicipai seuage treatment plant. During treatment, samples oi the
sludge culture were tajten nuurly to aeter»iiic radioactivity of the
liquid anA solid phases (licjaid ECLntilla tiun countin<.j and tu
determine conversion rates (anai/;:ii> t.y tnin iayei chronid t
Results showed a relative decrease oi raaj.Oac ".avi ty IL t.i.e
phase of the sludge e.llniie an.l incrc-aae i- *-'>*' soli-J >>na^
dxf lerentiated si-lgntly according to the K.'B traced, .it nas c
that activated sludge treatment it iauffective in rcaoviug fC»r fros
sludge ana that treated siaaye used as jtert il j.2tr aiay add soij
contaaiuantfa in the tor» 01 Ptbs,
(12) Ki'XWOKUS: ACTIVAi-Eu KLUDGE; v.OMJi.Rf; FZH il i-I^ilfc ; LAtORATORX;
MDNIC1PALITY; POLLOTIOS ; POLl CHLOUltiAI'tD; RADIOACTIVE; i^SIbUK;
THEATMEMT; HATER
(14) UlEaARCH tEHHS: 1Sl/2i>X ; 1TG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSmtiiaO ( JS) SSCONDAiiX AUTHOttb: Klein
Scheunert 1
(16) CITATION I 6 (11) :725-/30,
171
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SBIBS ACC.NO.: 045407
{2J DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.rYPE: S; T
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: Underground disposal of Canada's nuclear. waste.
(4) AOTHOK: Tanaesagi Hi
(6) OOUFHAL TITLE: Geoscience Canada
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GKO. AfinA: 1CD (1uj PUB. YEAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Radioactive wastes in canaaa and the scieatiiic
programs in progress or planned to ensure tneir long-term suiisurface
isolation are described. The Canadian prograi policy calls tor reliance
on state-of-the-art technology and provision lor surveillance eind
possible retrieval of wastes alter burial. It is estimated that the
anticipated volume and beat levels of wastes Mill require a subsurface
one— level repository of aoout one kilometer squared oj the year 2000
and of about eight kilometers syuarea by the year 2050, with soaeduled
readiness on a full tine oasis by the year 2000. The main objective of
the disposal programs at present is to determine the most suitable type
of host rock for the disposal site. Specific sites will then r>e
selected and investigated, ultimately yielding one site wtiich will be
developed into a demonstration facility. Three rock types are being
considered: plutonic crystalline rocks, salt deposits, and
serpentinized ultranafic rock. Factors Leing studied in addition to
siting (geological, geotechnical, and environmental) are the legal and
political influences and repercussions of site selection and use and
ultimate disposal pro clems.
(12) KEYWORDS: CABADA; DISPOSAL GEOLOGIC; HAZARDOUS; PLANNING;
RADIOACTIVE; SITES; UNDERGROUND
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DW ; 1HA/2RG
(15) STIMS ACC.SU.: 00344454 (15) ->£CO«DARI AUl'BGfcs: Gale Jt;
Sanford BV
(16) CITATION: i»(2}:71-76, Juue
(» SWIKS ACC.NO.: 04535/i
(2) DUBESTIC: P (2) CA'I'EGOHi : 02 (2) SUBJ ,1't Pi;: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyis in a
municipal wastewater treatnent plant and environs.
(4) AUTHOR: fcergh AK
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Science Total Environ
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUb. fEAl<: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Distribution of poiychlorinated biphenyls (i'v-i*) in
sewage wastes at a municipal sewage treatment plant was exaxiueu,
showing that tne great bu^k of PCBs entering such a treatment plant
become adsorbed unto the grit chamber solids and the i,ludye thd t is
passed iom the anaecoliic aiyesters. when appreciai>ie quantities ot PCfls
are present in setraye, as was the case in this study, signiiica ut
quantities can nevertheless pass with the effluents dischaiyed from the
treatment plant. The PCU concentred tions in the treatment plant waters
undergoing secondary and tertiary treatment tend to ce consistent witn
tne limited solubility properties of the PCtos. However, appiecianly
higher concentrations can be iound in the sediments ot waters receiving
treatment plant discharges and Muaccum illation in fisu is demonstrated
readily. Also described die quantitative data on 1'Cbs in soils
fertilized with PCB-contaainated sludge.
(12) KEYWORDS: UATA; MUNICIPALITY; POLYChlUhlMATELi; REStAKCH;
TREATMENT; WASTE KATEK
(14) H1ERARCH i'EtiBi.: U£; 1hE; Ibt/^Sif!
(Ihj ST1MS ACC.KO-: QUS<44J99 (15) StCOnDAhl AUTHOKS: Peoples RS
(tt>> CITATION: b(4) :197-^04, Nov. 19/7.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Chlorodit>enzo-p-dioxins and chloridiben2;o.tordns
are trace components of fly ash and flue gas of some municipal
incinerators in The Netherlands.
(4) AUTHOR: Olie K
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Cheatosphere
(10) LAHGUAGE: EB (10) G£O. AREA: 1£U/^»E (10) Pltc. l*Ai: :
(11) ABSTRACT: The presence of chloiodibenzo-p-diuxins; (CDisj t
chlorodibenzof urans (CDF) as trace coaponents of ily asn i^na ilue
of some municipal icinerators in The Netherlands is examii.eu. Tai
172
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
different incineration plants were investigated foe environmental
loading of organic pollutants by waste products. COOs and COFs
identified by aass spectronetry in fly ash froa the three incinerators
are tabulated by for»ula. The results o£ the sanpiing on two ditferent
occasions of the flue gases of one incinerator is also tabulated. The
•oat abundant compounds fron the flue gas were chlorophenols. CDDs were
also deterlined in snail anounts. It was generally noted that: anounts
of COO and CDF entering the atnosphere are si all but toxicity suggests
that extensive nonitoring of facilities in densely populated areas be
carried out; the origins of the two toxic substances are unknown, so
that fly ash and the flue gases of other industrial installations
should be investigated; and nunicipal incinerators and other conbustion
processes nay be a source of sune oi the organochlorine compounds in
the environnent.
(12) KEXHOBDS: BIOLOGICAL; CHLOKIHE; KUKOPE; PL* ASH; GASSES;
HAZARDOUS; HO HAM; INCINEBATIOM; IBDUSrBIAL; INVESTIGATION; MUNICIPAL;
NETHERLANDS; ORGANIC
(14) HIEBARCH TBBMS: 1AC/2AI; 1HA/2BH; 1BJ; 1BE; 1TD
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS4U256 (15) SECOND AH X AUTHORS: Hutzinger 0;
Vemeulen PL
(16) CITATION: 6(8) :4 55-4 69, 1977.
(1) SHIS ACC.IO.: 045025
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGOBI: 0* (2} SUBJ.TKPE: G
(3) ARTICLB TITLE: Surveying Massachusetts* hazardous wastes.
(4) AOTHOH: Fennelly ft
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Environnental science and Technology
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) GEO. ABBA: 1US/2MA (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A recent survey ot Massachusetts' Hazardous wastes
estimated quantities of hazardous waste generated by categories,
identified disposal and recycling options, and reconnended disposal
option*. State legislation to control handling and disposal of
hazardous wastes was adopted in 1970. fiagulations define hazardous
waste, specify nethods for their handling and disposal, and require
that firns engaged in their conveyance, handling, or disposal be
licensed. Lack of personnel to entoice the rules and lack ot suitable
disposal options within the State have liiiteu the effectiveness of the
progran. A hazardous waste survey was perforned to define the extent of
the problen. Quantities of hazardous wastes were estimated by reviewing
license applications and by a telephone survey of selected industries
which enquired into anount, geographic distribution, and current
disposal practices. In all, 37,750,000 gals of hazardous wastes are
generated each year in the State. Disposal of hazardous sluages is the
biggest problen since no landfills within the State are licensed to
accept then.'Keconnendations for innediate and long range action artt
given.
(12) KBIMORDS: DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; ISDOSTB1; LAB; LICENSE;
MASSACHUSETTS; PBBSONNBL; PROBLEMS; B&CLABATIOII; REFUSE; REGDJUATIONS;
SAIITABI LANDFILL; SLUDGE; SOBVEI
(1*) BIEBABCH TEBHS: 1BA/2UF; 1LB/2LG
(15» STIMS ACC.IO.: OOS44071 (15) SECONDABI AUTHOBS:
Chillingworth HA; Spawn PI>
(16) CITATION: 11 (8):762-766, Aug. 1977.
(1) SNIBS ACC.NO.: 044996
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAT*GOBI: K> (2) SUbJ.TXPE: S
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: Hazard of heavy netais and other elenents to
plants and aninals.
(S) COBPOBAR AOTHOB: Council for Agri Science and Technology
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Application of Sewage sludge to Cropland:
Appraisal of Potential Hazards of Heavy Hetals to Plants and Aninals.
(8) NTIS 10.: PB 264 015 (8) BfcPOBT NO.: EPA 430/9-76-013
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. SEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The potential adverse effect of heavy netais and
other eleaents presented in sludge applied to agricultural land on
plants and aainals is addressed Elenents posing relatively little
hazard are Manganese, iron, aluninun, chroeiun, arsenic, seleniun,
aatinony, lead, and nercury. Elenents posing a potentially serious
173
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
hazard include cadiiin, cupper, molybdenum, nickel, and zinc. The
characteristics of these elements and their action in sludge applied to
agricultural land are discussed.
(12) KEX10RDS: AGBICOLTURE; ANIMAL; CHEMICAL; HAZARDOUS; HETAL;
SLUDGE; VEGETATION
(14) HIEBABCH TERMS: 1HA/2BH; 1ME/2MX; 1Hji/2MY; 1H£/2B1; 1ME/2H3;
1HE/2NB; 1SI/2SX
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS44044
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Aqency, HOT. 1976. p.24-36.
(1) SB1RS ACC.HO.: 045257 •
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 24 (2) SOBJ-TIPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Evaluation ot crystalline components in sewage
sludge.
(4) AOTHOB: Silviera DJ
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Comm Soil Sci Plant Analysis
(10) LANGUAGE: £» (10) PUB. IEAB: 1977
{11) ABSTRACT: Crystalline Minerals in anderobically digested
sewage sludges were determined by x-ray diffraction analysis to examine
the potential hazards of land application of sewage sludge. Sludge
samples were prepared for analyses oy either wasniny wit.h water to
remore soluble salts or oxidizing organic matter with H20^. A limited
number of minerals were shown to be present as crystalline materials in
sludge. Even though sludges contained appreciable concentrations of
copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, and nickel, no crystalline metal suitides,
phosphates, hydroxides, oxides, or carbonates Here found, except for a
copper, zinc carbonate hydroxide whose presence indicates that
precipitation of complex metal species might occur during sludge
digestion. All otaer crystalline components detected are common
minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, montmorillonite, chlorite, mica,
dolomite, and calcite. In general, crystalline forms founa in sludge
samples after carbonate and organic matter removal represent stable
minerals found in many soils; they are probably not formed during the
sludge digestion process.
(12) KBYBOBDS; AMAERObIC; ABALISIS; DIGESTION; HAZARDOUS; LAND;
HETAL; MINERAL; MON-FERUOU5; RESEARCH; SEWAGE; SLODGE; SOIL
CONDITIONER; SPREADING
(14) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1AE; 1SI/2SX; 1S1/2S4
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS44304 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Kelson DB;
Sommers LE
(16) CIIAXIOH: 8 (6) :509-518, 1977.
HEPOKT HO.: CKRL-i'fi-ll-14
(1) SHIRS ACC.IO.: 045017
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Handling ot special wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: Chatterjee S
(5) CORPORATE AOTHOB: Battelle Coiumrms Laboratories
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Predictive Criteria for Construction/Demolition
Solid Haste Management.
(8) MTIS DO.: APA 034 419 («)
CONTRACT BO.: DACA88-74-R-0025
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PDB. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Special types of waste generated during construction
and demolition activates are considered. They include paper sacks with
cellophane lining, asbestos insulation, paints, and pesticides. Paper
sacks can be disposed of in a landfill or incinerated. Asbestos
insulation is seldom used in construction. Since paints are generally
consumed contained from 5 gallon cans, they can be partially wasted it
unused. Pesticides are usually stored in large mobile tanks and are
taken back after use without any waste. Paints and paint cans,
•therefore, are tne only special waste or a hazardous nature regurmg
proper disposal. Paints can be transported to a hazardous waste
disposal facility or be chemically fixed ror disposal in a landfill.
The disposal of special waste by environmentally sate methods costs
about $0.11 to SO.50 per gallon. Environmentally safe metnods generally
174
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
consist of cheaical fixation and disposal in A landfill with ground
water •onitoring facilities.
(12) KEIHOBDS: ASbESTOS; CHEMICAL; CONSIROCrlON; DEMOLITION; GROUND
HATKB; HAZARDOUS; MONITOR; PAINT; PAPKif; PESTiCIDE; SANlTARi LANDFILL
(14) HIERAHCH TEhBS: 1CH/2DC/3CG; 1DC; 1HA/2HF
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS44063
(16) CITATION: Champaign, IL, Construction Engineering Research
laboratory, Dec. 1976. p.77.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044905
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATfiGOfai: Z4 (2) SUbJ.TXPji: 3
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Model ror rate of sludge constituents in soil.
(; 1ftE; ISI/^SX; 1SJ
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 00543^50 (1b) SEU>NDARi AOTtOfeS: Jielson DM;
Terry RE
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Departnent of the Interior,
Dec. 197b. p.i(8-100.
(1) ShlRS ACC.MO.: 044tib5
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oz (2) SUBJ.T»tE: S
(4) AOTHOR: 1'heis, i'L
(5) CORPORATE AUfHuR: University of Notre Daae
(6) BOOK TITLE: The Contaninotion of Groundwater uy rieavy Metals
£ro« the Land Disposal of Fiy Ash. (a) coNrhACf MO.: E (11-1)-2727
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUb. JEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: 'Jfhe surface concentration of trace metals on fly ash
was determined in order to evaluate the potential tor grouna water
contamination. The follosing »et
-------
HAZARDOUS PASTE MANAGEMENT
study ate cade. The results of the lauoiatory studies are presented in
detail in A separate paper. (netai&ed iu swiBb iiurary) .
{12} KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CBEMJCA1.; Cidi(0«IOH; COSTABISATE; UIoPOSAL;
EHVIRUN3ENT; FI.3J ASH; GHUUiii) SiA's'Kh; LAND; HETAi.; tH; HATER
HIE R ARCH TERMS: 1AK; U"C/2Fb; IbD; 1S£/2«B
STlttS ACC.hO.s OOSU393G
CITATION: fcashin^ton, DC, U.^. Kneryy Research aisd Developaent
Administration, Oct. 1, 1976. 13 p.,
(t) SklRS ACC.fiO.: 044720
(2) OOBESl'lC: D (2) CATEGORY: 24 (21 SUbJ.TfiK: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Effects ot sewage sluage coaposition,
application rate, ana line reyine on plc.iit availability of aeavy
aetals.
(t) AUl'HOK: john HK
(6) JtXlRKAL riTtt: Journal of Envjironiental Quality
(tQ) LASGUAGii; fc» (10) GtO. AStA: KD (10) POii. JEAIc
(11> AdSl'BACI ; This p^per reports on The application of primary
digested sludge iron a. metropolitan sewage tretttuent plant and
fJiloryauite, to limed (pH 6.M) and muiKed (p»! S.b) soila. The
application rate was o, 5, 10, 25, and 100 grams per Kiloi-jrac. Xne test
plants used *ere lettuce and iieets. Concentrd tions of cadaiua, ziiic,
lead, copper, nicicel, nantidne^e, cind iron were analyzed. it was found
tl»at availability of the sietais in the plants was influenced i>y the
rate as well as tne njiture of toe sludge applied, and soil acidity
associated with the iliiori.dsii Le. Data iy yiven.
(12) K.E?WOKDS: 4HALJSJ3; UATA; INORGANIC; L1HE; METAL; NOH-PEfcROUS;
SEWAGE; SLUDGE
{!<*) HIEhASCri TEftBS: 1AL; 1HE/2Nb; li>I/2S*
(IS) STlriS ACC.80,: OOS<*37t>i {15) br.COt'DAKi AUlHORb: Van
Laerhoven CJ
(16) C1IAT10S: 5(3) :246-251, Jul.-Sept., 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: Ot»»8?y
(2J DOMESTIC: D (2J CATEGublf: Ca (2) SUfiJ.TTffiS: T
(3) AHTICLi. TlTLfc: potentially haritf ul consti tuunts in ef tluents or
sludges.
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR; Envxronmei! tal Quality Systems, inc
(fe) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal oi *a:itewater Residuals. V.I.
(10) LASGOAGK: fch (10j FOB. Ji,AR: 1y76
(11) AMSTR1CT: Potentially aaraiul constituents in effluents or
sludges is discussed nith enphasis on biocheaical cycling of nitrogen
and phosphorus. Bith the aaoition 01 i,o nany organic coapounds to water
ways, eutrophication hat Becoae a profile* ana is discussed briefly in
this section. Heavy netals ate analyzed in regard to land application
of sludge. Reactions in the soil ana the a^uiiier are stuaied. Organic
compounds in sludges are a tuuction ot tbe procesL creating tne
waste water, and must Le dealt with on a individual ftasis.
(12) KEliiORDS: AllALJSlS; DATA; tt^LUJK^T; LAiAKDOOS; METAL;
SITROGEN; OhGANiC; VHOSfHORUS; SLUDUE
(1C, Matioiml couuiission on «<«ter
Quality, flarch 1y76. p.X-1 to x-J3.
(t) SKI8S
(2) DOSESfIC: F (2) CATEGOkJ: ^ (.'.) SUoJ.iit'ii: S; T
(3) AHIICLf II?L£: Xfle inrluence of sewaye sludge on the content of
heavy netals.
(U) AUTHOR; Baeruy K
(6) JOafiNAL I'lTLb: Plant ana i>on
(10) i-AStUA^E: JGii (10; Gto. AREA: 1iSU/2»Ji (1u> PUB. Y£Al<: 1977
(11) A&57MAC! •, Jr 197 j ana 1*/4 u snail yiot ilela experisent Was
carried out with two types of sewage sludge, one iicti a&J one poor in
heavy metals, applied in different quantities; and compared «ith KPK
fertilizer. I'he test plans, used uas potatoes. The sJudye increased the
176
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
soil content of cadmium, nickel, and lead along with readily soluble
copper and zinc. BPK fertilizer did not influence tne soil analytical
Yalues. Based on amounts of nutrients applied, the «PK fertilizer was
determined more efficient than sludge although the sludge increased the
yield of tubers significantly. Overall, less than S. percent of the
heavy metals applied were accumulated in the tubers. There was no toxic
effects observed in the plants due to the application of the sludge.
(12) KEIWOBDS: AGRICULTURE; DATA; FERTILIZE*; METAL; SEWAGE;
SLUDGE; VEGETATION
(14) HZEBARCH TEKHS: 1HE/2NB; 1S1/2S9; 1VC
(15) ST1HS ACC.KO-: OOS43t>40 (15) 3ECORDARI AUTHOES: Hartinsen JH
(16) CITATION: 47 (2) : 40 7-4 18, June 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044570
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CAXEGOftl: 09 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Process for the treatnent of organic wastes.
(4) ADTHOK: Humblet LA
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Soc Bur Traiteaent ehim Comb Irradies
(7) PATE*! DATA: U.S. Patent Ho. 4,039,468
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. JEAi: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A process for the treatnent of organic wastes
resulting fro* the extraction of metal eleients by a solvent of the
phosphoric acid ester type ia the presence or not of an organic diluent
is described. The organic wastes result fro* the extraction of itetals
in radiochemical separation plants, especially those reprocessing
irradiated nuclear fuels. The process consists of the following three
main steps: a. separation of the phosphoric acid ester from its organic
dilutent so that the phosphate phase contains the degradation products
and also the elements to be finally insolubilized; b. deesterification
of the phosphate, (conversion of it into phosphoric acids on one side
and organic compounds mainly consisting of hydrocarbons on the other
side); and, c. solidification of the liquid radioactive phosphoric
acids in the form of inorganic phosphates, which may later be
incorporated into a suitable matrix material.
(12) KEIHORDS: ACID; CONTIMOOUS; METAL; OkGAKIC; RADIOACTIVE;
SEPARATING; SOLVE*!; TREATMEHT
(1«) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HD/2HS/3HE; 1SE/2SP; 1TG
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS43615 (15) SEC08DARY AUTHORS: Eschrich HR;
Salomon L
(16) CITATIOH: Kol, Belgium, filed Sept. 12, 1975 issued Aug. 2,
1977.
(1) SWIRS ACC.HO.: 044529
(2) D08EST1C: D (2) CATEGOfaX: 24 (/.) SUbJ.TIPE: T
(3) AKTICLE TITLE: Analyses and tneir interpretation for sludge
application to agricultural land.
(4) AUTHOR: Sommers LE
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Ohio Ayr K and i) Center Research Bull
(10) LANGUAGE: £ft (10) PUii. TEAR: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: Sewage sludge is d very heterogeneous material,
varying in composition from city to city and from day to flay in the
same city. Therefore, considerable tnought must be c,iven to obtaining
representative samples and to making arrangements for accurate chemical
analysis of the sludge before an attempt is made to develop plans for
sludge application to agricultural land. This article discusses nom to
collect samples of sludge for analysis and suggests methods to be used
for each analysis. Tiie most important elements to be considered are
nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, phosphorous, potassium, copper, zinc,
nickel, lead, and cadmiua. otner considerations for applying sewage
sludge on agricultural land include soil pH, cation exchange capacity,
lime requirement to adjust soil to pH t>.5, soil tests for available
phosphorous and potassium, phosphorous
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Selected Crops; and the Release of Residual Hitrogen During Sludge
Decomposition in Soil.
It2> KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE; ANALYSIS; CHEHICAL; COMPOSITION;,
DISPOSAL; EARTH; FARH; FERTILISES; LA«D; RESEARCH; SLUDGE
(14) BIERAHCH TE8HS: lSi/2i>9; 1DD/2DO; 1FA/2EI; 1KB; 1S1/2S2; 1SJ
(15) STXflS ACC.NG.: OUS«i>74 (1S) SECONDARY A0THORS: Helson DM
(16J CITATION: (1090):3.1-3.7, Oct. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOUESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0» U) SUBJ.TYPE: S
I*) AOTHOR: Fuller KB
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Univ ol Arizona
(61 BOOK TITLE: Boveient ot belected Hetals, Asbestos, and Cyanide
xn Soil: Applications to waste Disposal Problems, (d) REPORT BO.:
BPA-600/2-77-020 (9) CONTRACT NO.: 68-03-0208
(10) LAHGOAGE: EN (10) PUB. lEAh: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: This report presents information on movement of
selected hazardous substances in soil which can be applied to problems
of selecting and operating land disposal sites tor wastes containing
arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadmium, caroaiue, copper, cyanide, iron,
lead, nercury, selenium, and zinc. The information is based on a
literature review, laboratory studies or movement of Hazardous
substances through soil in municipal landfill leachate, and the
author's experience in soil science and waste disposal. The report also
presents general information on soils and geological materials and
specific intonation on the chemistry of the selected hazardous
substances which is relevant to an understanding of their migration in
soil. Critical information gaps are identified, particularly as regards
the che*istry and soil adsorption behavior of mixtures of several
hazardous substances in the presence of high concentrations of other
organic and inorganic solutes, a situation commonly encountered in
leachates from municipal and hazardous solid wastes. In spite of these
information gaps, it is concluded that waste disposal practice can be
improved by application of present .information. The report contains a
bibliography of 81 related citations. (Retained in SHIES library).
(T2> KEXMORDS: ASBESTOS; BIBLIOGRAPHY; CHEfllCAL; COHTAMIHATE; DATA;
DISPOSAL; GEOLOGIC; GROUHD WATER; HAZARDOUS; IBDUSTBX; LEACE; H.ETAL;
HOHICIPALITI; POLLUTION; SOIL; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: IGIi; 1HA/2HF; 1LC; 1nE; 1SJ
(1S) ST1HS ACC.llO.: OOS
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
spill when certain stream parameters and naterial characteristics are
known. Bioassay studies were conducted for several cnemxcals using at
least three species of biota.. In addition, bioassays were conducted to
estimate the environmental effect of each of the various treatment
methods developed. (Retained in SMIKS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; ACTIVATED; CARBON; CHEHICAL; COMPUTER;
COMTHOL; EQUIPMENT; HAZARDOUS; ION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; HKTAL; MONITOR;
PRECIPITATE; TREATMENT
(14) UIEHARCH TERMS: 1CB/2CA/3Cb; ICG; 1HA/2HG; 1ME/2NB; 1MK
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS43475 (1S) SECONDARY AUTHORS: i*aier RE;
Ziegler BC
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OH, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, June 1975. 137 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044405
(21 DOMESTIC: F (2J CATEGORY: 02 (2) SUiiJ.l'YPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Rapid flaoeless atomic absorption analysis of
the metallic content of sewage sludges. I. Lead, cadmium and copper.
(4) AUTHOR: Lester J«
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: The Science of the Total Environment
(10) LANGUAGE: fc» (10) GtO. AflEA: 1EU/2NE (10) PUB. ZEAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Analysis of sewage sludge ror the presence of aeavy
metals is a important factor to be considered before its disposal on
land. Flameless atonic absorption is shown to ce a juic*. and sensitive
technique for the determination of lead, copper, and cadmium. By using
this method the normal pretre
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
surrounding area, bolid and aqueous samples tor Hy determination were
handled and analyzed according to stanuara tlameless AAi> nethodf;. Air
samples for partxculate and vapor Hy were collected using standard air
filter and activated charcoal absorption techniques, suggested standard for total Hg
in ambient air. Using simple regression analyses, estimated total
annual flux of Hg from the inactive pj.ant (i.y atmospheric and aquatic
pathways) was calculated at 6 percent o± the KPA standard for emission
of Hg to water and air from active chlorine plants situated in riverine
environs.
(t2) KEYWORDS; ANALYSIS; ATHOSPHJikE; CHLORINE; DISPOSAL; EMISSION;
BP»; HAZA&DOUS; MERCUSY; METAL; PJLLUriUN; STANDARD; 'rEMPhHATUBB; HATER
(ft} HIERARCH I'EHKS: 1DD/2DK ; 1HA/2HH
(1i>) STIHS ACC.SO.: 0054330<* (15) ^ECOM^ABY AUTHOfcS: Turner BE
(1b) CITATION: 268 (5t> 16) : 133-13i>, July 14. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY : 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: 6
(4) AUTHOR: Peters GO
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: WAPORA, Inc
(6} BOOK TITLE: Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Haste
Practices-Electronic Components Manufacturing Industry. (8) REPORT
HO.: SB-140C (9) CONTRACT NO.: 68-01-3193
(tO) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PDB. TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Hazardous waste generation and management in the
electronic components manufacturing industry are described. The results
of surveys of 23 plants show that product and manufacturing process
diversity within the industry precludes the satisfactory correlation of
these factors with waste types. Survey data indicated that land
disposed waste from the industry falls into 10 waste categories,, five
categories of which contain such hazardous materials as halogenated
solvents, nonhalogenated solvents, waste water treatment sludge,
painting waste, and hydraulic and lubricating oils. The remaining five
categories include nnquantifiable amounts of hazardous materials, no
hazardous materials, or waste that is not typically landfilled.
Hazardous properties of the industry's land disposed waste involve
flammability, corrosiwity and dermal irritation, oral toxicity, and
bioconcentration . The estimated total quantity of potentially hazardous
waste land disposed by the industry in 1975 was 54,500 tons on a wet
weight ton basis. More than half of this total constituted waste water
treatment sludge. The best technology applied and the technology
required to provide enviornmentally adequate treatment for waste and
associated costs are discussed. (Retained in SRIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS : DATA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; GENERATION; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; MANAGEMENT; OIL; PAINT; SLUDGE; SOL?ENT; SURVEY; TREATMENT;
BASTE HATER
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EA/2EA ; 1HA/2HH; 1MA/2MH; 1SO
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43239 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Levia J;
Thomas P
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, O.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Jan. 1977. 197 p. (Solid Baste Management Series.)
(1) SHiBii ICC .80.: 044076
(2) DOMESTIC; a (2) CATEGORY: 19 (2) SUBJ-IYPE ; S
(3) A2T1CL2 TITLE: Method tor the sate disposal of alkali metal.
(4) AUTHOR: Johnson Tli
15) CORPORATE AUTHOR: USA, US£KDA
(7) PATENT DATA: O.S. Patent No. 4,032,615
(10) LANGUAGE: £8 (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A safe disposal method for alkali metals employed in
liquid metal coolant systems in which minimal hydrogen yas is evolved
in which the exotaermic heat of reaction can be released by incremental
step and in which the final volume oi waste materials is minimized, is
described, rhe alkali netal is dissolved within a melt, of a metal oc
180
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
•etals that are substantially inert to salts of the alkali metal. The
•ell is then contacted with a salt containing the alkali metal
hydroxide and a gas containing oxygen. Tne alkali metal is converted to
an oxide which is dissolved in the salt. The salt is separated from the
•elt and contacted with a gas containing water to convert the alkali
• etal oxide to its hydroxide. The excess salt produced can i>e withdrawn
for storage and the remainder recycled to continue the process. The
substantially inert, molten petals used for dissolving the alkali metal
ace those that will not react to replace the alkali Betal within its
hydroxide or oxidize appreciably in the presence of the alkali Metal.
The inert metals perferaoly include such low celling point metals as
l«ad, bismuth, tin, antimony, cadmium, indiu* and alloys of these
•aterials. the molten salt «ay include both hydroxide and carbonate.
The use of carbonates can reduce corrosiveness to process vessels.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALKALI BE; CORROSION; DISPOSAL; GAS; LIQUID; nBXAL;
PROCESS; SAFETY; SOD10H; WATER
(14) BIEBARCH TERHS: 1DD/2DK ; 1DD/2DH; 1HA/2HU
(15) STIflS ICC. MO.: OOS43119
(16) CITATION: Filed Jan. 27, 1t»76 issued June 28,
(1) SilRS ACC.NO.: 044071
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 24 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Schwermetallgehalte i* Kultursubstrat und
Brntegut des Champignons, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Singer, beim Einstz
von Hillklarschlammkompost. (Heavy Betal contents in the culture
substrate and in the Bushrooa, Agaricus bisporus, grown in coaposts
•ixed with municipal waste and sewage.)
(4) AOTHOR: Domsch KB
(6) JOURNAL TITLfc: a. Ift lanzenernaehrung und Bodenkunde
(10) LANGUAGE: GB (10) G£O. AREA: 1EU/2GJS (10) FOB. IEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: An examination of the transfer of heavy metals froa
sludge COB post to vegetation is reported. I'he addition of increasing
quantities of municipal waste compost to conventional horse manure
coBpost resulted in a proportional increase in the heavy Betal content
of the mixture. The increases ranged between 250 percent (zinc) and 900
percent (mercury) . Ninety-four to 99 percent of the heavy metals in
•unicipal waste compost are oound in compounds from which they can not
be extracted using calcium chloride solution. The amounts extractable
from horse manure compost with calcium Chloride solution are from 1.5
(zinc) to 33 (mercury) tames greater. The influences of the increasing
quantities of heavy metals in municipal waste horse manure composts are
demonstrable in the content of these metals in harvested mushrooms.
This corresponds to the availability of the metals. The relative
enrichement is greatest with Mercury, and least with cadmium. The
quantities found in mushrooms, with the exception of mercury, fall
within the normal range detected in vegetable crops.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANIMAL; COBPOST; FUNGUS; BANURE; HKRCUBX; METAL;
HUIIIC1PAL; SLUDGE
(14) U1ERARCH TERMS: 1HB/2HB; 1HJ/2NA; 1SI/2S9
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43114 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Grabbe K;
Fleck en stein J
(16) CITATION: («): 487-501, 1*76 .
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 044013
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEUORX: Oy (2) SUbJ .TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Haxo HE Jh
(6) BOOK TITLE: Liner Materials Exposed to Hazardous and Toxic
Sludges. First Intern Report. (d) R^POKT HO.: fct>A-60 0/2-77-061 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 66-03-2173
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. ttAh: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The storage and disposal of hazardous liquids and
solid wastes on the land are increasing the potential for pollution of
surface and ground waters by these wastes or their leachates.
Intercepting and controlling the seepage of such fluids by the use of
impervious barriers offers a promising means of reducing or eliminating
such pollution. This engineering research project was undertaken to
assess the relative effectiveness and durability of a wide variety of
liner materials when exposed to hazardous wastes. The materials under
181
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
stud; include a native soil, modified bentonite a soil cement, a
hydraulic asphalt concrete, an asphaltic membrane, and 8 polymeric
Membranes based upon polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene,
c a lor os u If onated polyethylene, ethylene ptopylene rubber, neoprene,
butyl rubber, an elasticized polyoleiin, and a thermoplastic polyester
elastomer, respectively. In this study the liner Materials are exposed
to such hazardous wastes as a strong acid, a strong base, an oil
refinery tank bottoM waste, a blend of lead wastes froM gasoline
production, a saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon oil waste, etnd a
pesticide. The experimental approach and Methodology followed are
described and results of preliMinary tests used in the selection of
Materials for extensive testing are presented. (Betained in sHIHS
library) .
(12) KETHOKDS: ENGINEERING; EQU1PHENT; HAZABDOOS; LEACH; LIJtER;
HAHAGBHEBT; POLLUTION; 8BSKABCH; SANITARY LANDFILL; SLODGjS
(1«) BIEBARCH TEhMS: 1HA/2HF; 1LC; 1T0
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43056 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: flaxo BS;
Bhite BH
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, on, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, June 1977. 73 p.
(1) SklSS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAIEGOK*: Ud (2) SUUJ.'OPE: T
(6) BOOK flPLi,': Assessment or Industrial rfazardous Waste flanageMeat
Petroieua Re-Refining Industry. (d) REPORT NO.: SU-144C
(10) LANGUAGE: LN ( lU) GKO. AKtA: 1US/2DC (10) PUB. tEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: resource recovery has become a nutter of great
importance in worldwide public awareness. Wastes irom »anuf acturing
sources yeneratect in treaiendous yuan titles are often a threat to our
environment and, when not recycled, irretrievably deplete our finite
resources. THIS study report attempts to uualixy and quantity the
potentially hazardous wastes generated 0y the petroleum reretining
industry in the United btutes. It farther surveys the industry
characteristics as well as tho treatment and disposal tecanology and
costs for its wastes. Projected production of re-refined oil and
generation ot wastes, using the r>est data available, have 0een aiade for
1977 and 198J. (Hetained in SulRS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; KCOMUHICb; HAZARDOUS; INbUbTKY;
flAMAl»hME»T; OIL; Kfc'CLAMATIOW; ftt'FIN tMX ; TftEATMhST
(1U) HIEhAHCh TEHMJ: 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HF; 1PF/2PG/3PH
(15) STIilb ACC.Nu.: OOSU3035
(16) CITA'i'IOfl : Washington, uC, u.i>. Environaental Protectiot
Agency, 1977. 148 p.
(1) SUXRS ACC.HO.: 043770
(2) DOflESTIC: D (2) CAT£GOfiK: 10 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S
(3) AkTICLE X1TLK: Peraissibie levels of heavy Metals in secondary
effluent for use in a coMbined sewage treatient Marine aguaculture
systeM. II. Development of guidelines by aetnod of additions.
(4) ADTHOE: Kerfoot HB
(6) bOOK TITLE: In Proceedings: Conference on Mastevater Use in
the Production of Food and Fiber. OklahoBa City, OK, Bar. 5-7, 1974.
(8) BEPOBT NO.: EPA-t60/2- 74-041
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. I£Ab: 1974
(11) ABSTBACT: Permissible concentrations of zinc, copper, lead,
cadMiuM, chroMiuM, and nickel in a combined sewage treat«ent/»aiine
aquacnltnre system were investigated. Scale aodels of the confined
systeM were constructed in a sea water laboratory, and the toxic
effects of specific Metals on phytoplankton were determined. The
concentration of metals in effluent media had little influence on the
nuMoer of algae. When Metals were added individually at a concentration
of 0.5 parts per Million to effluent, copper, cadmium, and nickel had a
pronounced depressing effect on algae growth. Other effects observed on
the diatoms were certain Morphological variations. The influence of
cell density on toxicity was also apparent. The high density of cells
in the aguaculture system suppressed toxicity until a drop in the
number of cells occurred, this drop was then accentuated by elevated
levels of metal introduced into effluent. Few oysters died during the
182
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
operation of the combined system and in no case could isolated deatns
be attributed to metal concentrations. Data on permissible
concentrations of metals in effluent are tabulated.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALGAE; ANIttAL; ChKOMIUB; COHCESTBATIOS; EFFLUENT;
HAZARDOUS; METAL; MICROORGANISM; MONITOR; HOH-FEBKOUS; OCEAN; SEWAGE;
STANDARD; TOXIC; IREATHE1IT
(14) H1EBARCH TERMS: 1MB; 1HK; 1SF/2SU
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS42B1J (15) SECONDAR* AUTHORS: Hedmann GA
(16) CITATIOH: Washington, DC, U.S. Environaental Protection
Agency, June 1974. p.79-101.
(1) SB1HS ACC.HO.: 043757
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2^ SUriJ.TYPE: G
(5) CORPORATE AOTHOB: Garrity-Sandaye Associates, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Special Substances Heport 1977. Y.I. Industrial
Special Hastes Generated in Iowa and Manpower Characteristics of
Employee Handlers. (9) CON'i'RACi' »O.: 76-4300-01
(10) LABGOAGE: BK (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/21A (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A statewide survey of the hazardous waste stream in
Iowa was conducted during the summer of 1*76. The objectives of the
survey were to determine the quantity 01 hazardous waste generated in
Iowa and evaluate treatment and disposal practices and to estimate the
number ot persons who come in daily contact with hazardous substances
as part of their employment. Interviews were carried out at toe site of
24iv industries, and an additional 239 interviews were conducted ay
telephone and/or mail. Tne survey focused on manufacturers in 17
standard industrial classifications, it was determined that lowa
generates and disposes an estimated 574 Billion kilograms ol solid
special waste and an estimated 132 million liters ot aonsolid hazardous
waste annually. Approximately 24,000 workers in the State handle
special or hazardous materials daily, it is recommended that steps be
taken to plan for proper disposal metnods and sites and that a training
program be initiated tor Arsons who work with hazardous materials.
Supporting tabular data are appended- (Detained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; DISPOSAL; GENEaATlON; HAiAKbuUS; INDUSTRY ;
IOBA; PERSONNEL; QUABTITY; SITES; STATE; SURVEY; rRAlalSG; TREATHKN'i1
(14) HIERARCH TEKHS: 1Eii/2^; 1SA/2rfP; 1Su
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42600
(16) CITATION: Mason City, 1A, Garrity-sandage Associates, Inc.,
Apr. 1977. 156 p.
li) SHIRS ACC.BO.: 0435H3
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOht: 0* (^} SUbJ.TYI-E: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Electrical industry sell-polices PCB use.
(6) JOURHAL TITLE: Electrical World
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (1C) ptiB. YEAR:
(11) ABSTRACT: The Federal ban of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
specifically from the viewpoint ot tae electrical industry is
discussed, of 209 postdbie PCB boaoloys, the electrical industry has
used tew since their introduction in 1929; tnose used incj.uae: Aroclor
1260, 1254, T242, and 1016. The level ot chlorination is the most
significant factor in the relative uiodeyradaoility 01 PCus.
Westinghouse tests on the PCBs nave indicated that Arochior 1016 is
sufficiently biodegradable to remain in use, •festini,house nclieves tnat
many agencies supervising PCB analyses; are arriving ax erroneous
results. It irs felt toat PC fa standards are ba^ed on data derivea from a
questionable analytical technique. Environmental Protection Agency
studies to date have concerueu Arochior 1254, a material not used by
• estinghouse for 10 years Because of recognized noni>iodegraaability and
possible detrimental effects on tne environment. In the absence of
Federal standards manufacturers* associations developed their own
standards to prevent the inadvertent pollution of the environment. The
Food and Drug Administration is reviewing tolerance limits for PCBs set
in 1973 and now considered to be too severe.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL; CHLUKINE; DtCOHPOSi.;
DISCHARGE; ELECTRICAL; EN VI MOW KEN!'; EPA; INDUSTRY; LAx; POLLUTION;
RESEARCH; STAHDARD
(14) HIEBARCB TERMS: 1EU; 1HA/2HF; 11C/2I7
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOS42f>2o
(16) CITATION: 1b'j(12) : 131,133, 1J4, June 15, 1976.
183
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) S«I8i> ACC.SO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Ob* (2) SUbJ.TXPi: G
(3) ABTICLE rifLi.: Hazardous wasie saBpJiiig: an orficiai overview.
(4) AUTHOR: Andres i/fi
(6) JUUHNAL TiriE: Haste Aye
(10j JUANGUASh: EB (10) GEO- AKtA: 1US/2CA (10) i'Ub. KEAfi : 1»77
(11) ABSTRACT : A discussion oi Hazardous waste sampling from the
viewpoint of a California state regulator/ agency official is
presented. i^araaieLers which susL be considered in hazardous waste
saapling programs include: paase complexity (solia, agueous, organic
liquid) ; access; chemical reactivity; and satety. The effect oi a
sampling program on the flow of wastes at a disposal site can fce
considerable. As word spreads about the presence of sampling personnel
at a disposal site waste volume as considerably affected.) This
problem of accurately representing waste flow has been Bade possible in
California aecause of the waste hauler manifest and the automated data
syste» wuicu it now supplies. Analysis of these Wctste samples poses
unique problems, in California, a classification system has Ceen
developer involving various levels oi analysis according to indications
outained froa preliminary data. Qetnods used in data analyses are
usually classical net chemical methods. California's current efxort is
directed toward development 01 well standardizes procedures ior waste
sampling, ana the* lacorpora tion of tnese procedures in a field annual
suitable for use cy regulatory agencies, waste generators, aaulers, and
at disposal sites.
(.12) KfiJEWOfti'S: ASALibiS; LhL.lfUH.tt Ik ; CHEhlCAL ; iilsPOSAl; HA2AKDOUS ;
fiKFUSE; BEGOLAflOSIS; SAtlPLlNG MJilHOUS; Sll'E
(14) filEBABCh 1'EKHS: 1hA/2hii; IfcA
(15) SUMS ACC.NU.: OOSHt^b^
(to) CITATION; a (t,) :H6~ii7, nay lyy?,
(I) jHlRS ACC.NU.: 0427^2
(2) UUMESTIC: f (2) CATEGOiiX: Oa (2) SUbJ-TYPi: S
(J) ARTICLE riri.fi: sources, cnaracteristiCi, and treatment and
disposal of industrial ••a^tes c<./n uanung hexachloroi>eiizene.
(4J AUTHOR: Qainlivaa SC
(6) JUUBNAi, TITLJi: J hazardous Haterials
(10) LANGUAGE: BN (lu) PUB. JEA«: lv?v
(11) ABSTRACT: A stuay to ioentiiy the i>ources anu characteristics
of manufacturing wastes containing neiacnioroDeuzene (HCb) ona to
review and document methods currently used for treatment and disposal
of aCti wastes, was made, i'he chlorinated solvents and pesticme
industries were found to account lor neariy ail HCB wastes produced
C*,jOi> tons per year) by tht 14 indu&tries reviewed as sources of HCB
wastes, kaste sotrage methods which are used prior to ultimate disposal
include storage of t>oiid waste cubes under plastic cover and use of
water covered lagoons. Methuat* ior transportation oi iiCis wastes include
use ol forklift, true*, pipeline , neateu tanK trucks and rail. Ultimate
waste disposal methods include land disposal, incineration (with or
without by product recovery) , resource recovery, discharge to municipal
sewage treatment plants, ana emission to the atmosphere. The majority
of the HCti waste handled oy trie industrial faculties reviewed is
currently disposed of in two industrial landiills using a soil cover of
U to aft. witn a polyethylene rilm placed at approximately the
aiddepta t»f tne soil cover. Incineration at a sufficiently elevuted
temperature can effectively destroy HCB; Hydrogen Chloride os a
oy-product .
(t2> ^KiKOHlI>S: CHLOhlNE;
OhGANIC; PLANT-IWDU6T
(14) hlfihAHCH TEttMS: IhA; 1PA/2PA; IStt
(Ib) ST1MS ACC.SO.: yui^l'/b^ (Ib) SLCONDAhi AOTHJRb; Ghasseai H
(16) CITATIOd : 1 (4) :343-3b9, Bar. 1i»77.
(1) ShlHS ACC.SO.: 041003
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAi'EGOKy: ua (/;) SUBJ.yyPE: i
(^) AUTHOR: Kreudtnthal 51 (10) O.EO. AhtiA: UE; U'D 11U) PUB.
YEAR; 1976
(1 1J Ab-SThACT: foxicity tolerances in rats v^ere investigated.
Ethylenei-^sisothiocynate tuilidt: (bbIS) was led to groups of rats at 0,
184
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
1, 10, 100, and 1000 pp« tor up to 90 days. Only those rats receiving •
EB1S at 1000 ppn demonstrated a toxic response to the test chemical
reflected as a reversible paralysis oi tne aiud legs noted within 8 to
14 days. Laboratory procedures; and physiological effects are noted in
detail. A no effect lerel for this 90 day dietary study for EBIS is 100
ppm in week t to 31 »g/kg body weight at week. 12. (Retained in SW1RS
library)
(12) KEYSTOBIJS: CARBON; CHKH1CAL; flYDROGfcN; IH WESTIGATION;
LABORATORY; OBSAN1C; RESEARCH; EOiiEST; SULFUii; i'OilC
(14) HIEBABCH TEKSS: 1CB
(15! STIBS ACC.NO.: 0054084?
(16) DOC.CIT.: Freudenthal, R. 1. Dietary subacute toxicity of
ethylenebisisothiocyanate sultide in the laboratory rat. Environmental
Protection Publication EPA-600/1-76-030. Research Triangle Park, HC, 0.
S. Environnental Protection Agency, Sept. 1976- 32 p. (Environmental
Health Effects Kesearch Series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041771
(2) D08ESTIC: D (2) CATBoORi: 0» (2) SUbJ.TYPB: S; T
(4) AOTHOB: Cavelider .JV Jr (10) t»UB. YEAH: 1977
(11) AfaSTHACT: i'lie treatment of aqueous waste systems containing
•inor amounts of cyanide (C8) to detoxify the streams is described.
Aqueous streans containing cyanide In a concentration of up to 1,000
ppm are treated to reduce cyanide content by contacting the strea»s
with formaldehyde and a compound trhicu trill generate the bisulfite ion
at a temperature from aijoutbO to 135 C while maintaining the pH of the
mixture in the range from 8 to 12 for a period of time sufficient to
reduce the cyanide content to less than 1 ppm using a formaidehyde/CN
ion molar ratio of at least 1 aud a bisulfite lon/CN ion molar ratio
from about 1:1. 5. Operations may be carried out on a batch or on a
continuous basis. Reaction time may vary fro« about three quarters of
an hoar to one hour.
(12) KEYWORDS: CAhBON; CHKMlCAi.; ESV180HHKNT; HYDROGEM; H1THIWEN;
PATENT; PH; SULFUR; TOXIC; TREATMENT; KASXE HATER
(14) BIERARCH TERMS: 1Cb/^CA/3CB
(t5) STIflS ACC.HO,: OOS40d15
(18) DOt.CiX.: Cavender, J. V. , Jr. {Honsdnto Company).
Detoxification of aqueous waste streams containing cyanide. 0. S.
Patent «o. 4,003,833; filed Hay 24, Wb; issued Jan. 16, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 041621
(2) DOHESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: U'J (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S; T
14) AOTHOfi: Leoni V (10) POb. liAR: 197o
(11) ABSTRACT: The application of Tenax (a porous polymer developed
in tne Netherlands) to the extraction of organic micropollutants such
as pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls from waters has been studied, and
it has been observed that also in tbe presence of other pollutants
(oil, surface active suostances, etc. ) the results obtained with an
absorption column of Tenax-Celite are equivalent to those obtained with
the continuous liguid/liqma extraction technique. For natural waters
that contain solids in suspension ttiat adsorb pesticides, it may be
necessary to filter tae water before extraction with fenax and then to
extract the suspended solids separately. Analyses of river and
estuarine sea waters, filtered before extraction, showed the
effectiveness of Tenax, and the extracts obtained for toe pesticides
analysis prove to be mucn less contaminated by interfering substances
than the corresponding extracts obtained by the liquid/liquid
technique.
(12) KEYWORDS: ADSORPTIOS; ISVESTIGATIOM; PESTICIDE; POLLUTION;
POLYCHLORINATED; POLIftER; PURIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; TREATMENT; HATEfi
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HA
(IS) bTlHS ACC.NO.: OOS4066b (1i) SECONllAHY AUTHORS: Colombo BJ;
Puccetti G
(13) DOC.CIT.: Leoni, V. , G. Puccetti, a&d R, J. Colombo. The use
of Tenax for tue extraction of pesticides ana polychlorinated bipbenyls
from water. 2. tests with artifjcxaiiy polluted and natural waters.
Journal of Chromatoyraphy, 12b (2) :3vy~407, Oct.
185
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.BO.: 041629
(21 DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CA3FEG08I: 09 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S (10) GBO.
ABBA: 1ED; 1HA (10) PUB. 1EAB: 1475
(11) ABSTRACT; Research projects sponsored lay the Food Protection
and Toxicology Center of the University of California at Davis «ure
described. Emphasis is placed on three areas of environmental
toxicology: (1) the fate and effect ot pesticides and other toxicants
in the environment; (2) the transport of toxicants through air, water,
and soil; and (3) the effect of the use of agricultural chemicals on
the health of farm employees. The following research projects in the
three major areas are reported: environmental impact of chlorinated
hydrocarbons, organophosphate toxicity, mammalian metabolism of
chlorinated hydrocarbons, uptake and excretion of hexachlorobenxene by
growing lambs, competitive inhibition of nitrosamine formation,
metabolism of Aflatoxin al (a naturally occurring toxicant), monitoring
of contaminants in the Honterey Basin and San Joaguin Valley areas of
California, and a study of paratbion as a public health hazard.
(Retained in SHIBS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: AG8ICOLTOHE; CALlFOKHIA; CHEMICAL; COHTAMIHATE;
COHTROL; JBNOIR08MENT; FARM; FOOD; IBFOfiMATIOJt; PEfcSOHNEL; PESTICIDE;
PBOGBAM; RESEARCH; TOXIC; TBAJiSPOKT; UMIVE8SITX
(14) BIER ARCH TERMS: UK
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS40673
(18) DOC.Cir.: Food Protection and Toxicology Center. Summary
report 1975. University of California at Davis, 1975. 87 p.
(.1) SK1HS ACC.HO.: 041596
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATBGOBX: Oit (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; t
(4) AUTHOR: Sayler 6S (10) GEO. ARUA: IliA (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Freshwater and marine systems consisting of itixtures
of suspended sediment and/or crude oil were tested for their
interactions with mercury and HCb (hexachioroaiphenyl). Using additions
ot radioactively labeled mercury and HCB, a type of PCB
(polychlorinated Ciphenyl), it was shown that both oil and suspended
sediment could partition mercury and HCB. The relative percent
partitioning by oil was tbree times greater than fly suspended sediment.
Suspended sediment was equally effective as a partitioning agent in
terms of the net concentration of mercury or HCB. The data show that
there can be significant accumulation ot heavy metal and PCBs in oil
and sediment, which can be highly toxic.
(12) KEIHORDS: HJDBOCARiiON; INVESTIGATION; LABOKAtOBI; ilEBCUfif;
MBTAL; OCEAN; OIL; POJLLOTION; POtlCHLORlHATBIJ; KfcSEARCH; SEDIMENTATION;
SUSPENDED; TOXIC; HATERUA1
(14J HIERARCH TEBMS: 10A
(15} STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS40640 (15) SECONDABlf AUTHORS: Colwell BR
(18) DOC.CIT.: Sayler, G. S. , and R. R. Colwell. partitioning of
mercury and polychlorinated biphenyl by oil, water, and suspended
sediment. Environmental Science and Technology, 10(12): 1142-1145, Nov.
1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041466
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGOBJf: 02 (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Jensen S (10) GEO. AfeEA: 1S1/2S2. (10) PUB. XLAK:
1977
(11} ABSTRACT: Organochlorines, including PCB (polychlorinated
biphenyl) and DDT in sediment and sludge are determined in the presence
of elemental sulfur. The method can also be used for unprejudiced
search for ooth volatile and/or polar pollutants. The sulfur
interfering in the gas chromatoyraphic determination is removed in a
nondestructive treatment of the extract with tetrabutylammonium
sulfite. This lipophilic ion pair rapidly converts the sulfur to
thiosulfate in an organic phase. The recovery of added oryanochlorines
186
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
was aoove 00 percent and the detection liait in the range of 1 to 10
ppb from a 10 g sample.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; (-HEHlCAL; CHLOfclttE; uhGASIC;
POUCHLORINATED; PKOCKSS; RfcSiDUh; bMiiHKNTA'rtOM; SLUDGE; SUtFUfc;
TOXIC; UTILIZE
(14) UIERAHCH TERMS: 1Sl/2i>X
(ti>) STlflS ACC.MO.: 00540530 (1£>J SKCONDAk* AUTHORS: Reucerg L;
Beutergardh 1.
{Id} DOC.CIX.: Oensen, S. , L. Kenberg, and L. keutergaraa. rtesidue
analysis of sediment and se*age siuage tor organocniorines in the
presence of elemental sulfur. Analytical Cheanstry, 49 (2) :316-31d,
1977.
(1) SHIBS ACC.80.: 0413JO
(2J DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOkl: 09 (2) SOaj.TXPE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Karahashi T (10) GBO. Ah£A: tHA/2HU; 1RE (10) PDis.
XEAH: 1976
I'M) ABSTRACT: Several skeletal »viscie ana smooth muscle
preparations have Been examined tor their usefulness in evaluating the
toxic ettects of a variety of insecticides. Xhe followiug preparations
were found satisfactory for such test: guinea pig ileus for »uscarinic
receptors, frog rectus abdoainis tor nicotinic receptors ot tonic
muscle, and rat diaphragm for uicotinic receptors of phase muscle. Five
carcamate insecticides, four orgauopausphate insecticides and
chlordimetorm were studied. None of tne insecticides tested had any
direct and potent effect on these receptors except the effect on
choiinergic receptors via choiinei>terase inhibition. Thus, it can be
concluded that these insecticides exert no direct action on choiinergic
and adrenergic receptors, (fietained lu i>HIBS library)
(12) KEXiOfiDS: ANALTSI3; AHlflAL; £FJ?£CT; PEST1CIDK; SliScAHCH; TOXIC
(14) UIEBARCH TEKBi.: 1P£
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS»03fa2
(18) DOC.CIT.: Karahashi, T. In-vitro methods for evaluating side
effects of pesticides and toxic substances. Environmental Protection
Publication EPA-600/1-76-03t>. Research Triangle Park, NC, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, no*. 197&. 125 p. (Environmental
Health Effects Research Series. )
(1) SKIRS ACC.NO.: 041335
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATBGOBY: 09 (2) SOBJ.f/I-E: 3; T (10) GEO.
IKEA; IAC/ZAJ; lie/217 (10) PUB. IKAK: 19/&
(11) ABSTRACT: A national emission standard lor vinyl chloride
emitted from ethylene dichloride-vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride
plants is being promulgated under the authority ot section 112 of the
Clean Air Act. Vinyl chloride has been implicated as the causal agent
of aogiosarcoma and other serious disorders, uotti carcinogeitic ana
noncarcinogenic, in people with occupational exposure and in animals
with experimental exposure to vinyl chloride. Reasonable extrapolations
from these findings cause concern that vinyl chloride may cause or
contribute to the same or similar disorders at present ambient air
levels. The purpose of the standard is to minimize vinyl chloride
emissions from all known process and tugitive emission sources in
ethylene dichloride-vinyl chloride and poiyvinyi chloride plants to the
level attainable with best available control technology. (Retained in
SHIRS library)
(12) KEJHOROS: AIK; COHT8OL; i/Iii;ASlS; EHISSIOfc; hiPuSURK; H£AiTH;
HUMAN; OCCUPATION; POLLUTION; POLIV1NKL CHLOiUDE; STANDARD
(14) HIEBABCH TEKHS: 1PI/2PJ/3PM
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS40379
(18) DOC.CIT.: Standard support and environmental impact statement,
v. 2: promulgated emission standard for vinyl chloride, i-uvironiental
Protection Publication BPA-450/2-75-009b. Research Triangle Park, »C,
D. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sept. 1976. 134 p.
187
-------
FRZAPPOUS KASTF MAN
(1) SwIfiS ICC.SO,s 041169
(2) DOSESTICr C <2j CATEtoOfcr: jy (^j otibj .1-*J>K: o; Jr
(4) AUTHOR: Dyei. RL (10) (i£i>. Attt.A : 1A£; 1P« (50) i'l-o. X &AH :
197t>
(11} ABSTRACT: An isotope dilation methodology was developed for
analysis of an insecticide, parathion, and a herbicide, tn£luc.ilin,
isolated froa rat tissues and excreta, ixnnpie cleanup w^s facilitated
by use of high pressure gel permeation chroaatography in conjunction
with thin layer chroiatogiaphy ana reversed phase higu pressure liquid
chroaatography. Isotope ratio Beatjureaents were perforned using
•ultilaoeled stable isotopic carriers and nonlragnenting nela
ionization mass spectro»etry. Parathion and trifiuralin vere
ad»inistrered intraperi toneally and/or orally at the iauo ng/kg .Level,
and the unchanged materials assayed iu tissues anu excreta at tiie ppb
level. The technique was also ctppxied to the deteraination of paratbion
and »ethyl parathion concentrations in aerosols, i'he oiological
implications of the results o£ the aaiaial experiBt'Ots are discussed.
(Retained in SiiifcS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: AEROiOLS; ANALYSib; ANIHAL; ^HtMiCAU; iilLOl'ION;
EFFECT; INVESTIGATION; ISuTOPK; PjiSXli-IuE; PRuCilS^; Sf JSCi'HOGRAPHIC
(14) dIEhABCH TE6HS: 1Mi\
(1b) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4G/13 (1i) StCONDABi «UiriUi>b: Heck rld»A;
Scott AC
(18) DOC.CIT-: I^yer, h. L. , h. a'i- «ecK, and A. C. ^cott.
Feasibility of applying field ionization itass spectroaetry to pesticide
research. Environmental Protection Publication iip*-6uo/1-/b-0j?..
Research Triangle Park, NC, 0. S. £nviron«ental Protection Agency, Nov.
1976. 86 p. (Environaental Health Effects Researcn Series. }
(1) SM1RS iCC.SO.: 041165
(2J DOHEST1C: D (2) CATKGOSI: UV (2) bUtJ ,1'Y ft: S
(«) AUTHOR: Curby MA (10j «EO. AKEA: 1MA/2HU; 1»A/zHB (10) PUB.
IE»B: 1976
(11) AbSTRACT: A Biological Multichannel analyzer has been
developed which, using a sensor that operates on the coulter Principle,
•easures and distributes nixed cell populations by ceil -LZH. It
provides an analog distribution and digital printed reau t for luture
analysis. Although primarily a poise height analyzer (ap^ied
successfully to studying bacteria, nanialian fiiood and ii. rt jjarticles)
it operates as a pulst shape analyzer if the instant at » ic« eacn
pulse height is read is variea. This technique, applied to the
peripheral vhole blooa rro« freshly sacrificed Fundulus heteroc.iitus
shows the alterations with time and tne variations caused by trace
amounts of cadniui and copper in the aquatic environment. The size
frequency distribution patterns of each trace element environaent
differ from each other, and each, aarkedly fro« the nor*. Tne response
of F. heteroclitus whole blood cells iro« fishes living in several
aquatic environments of fixed pii and dissolved oxygen and temperature
has been investigated and recorded, comparison of data «iith tnose
obtained from fish subjected to dissolved traces of cneasical pollutants
was performed. (Retained in SMIRS licrary)
(12J KEYKOBDS: ANALISIS; 01OX.OG1CAL; COfiPUTER; EdUlPMKST; FISH;
MEASUREMENTS; HETAL; «0*-FEKRUUS; hATiSRbAX
(1H> BIEftARCH TERHS: 1AG
(t5J ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS4020i< (15) SECOHDASK flUTHURb: Joy .EC;
Uliflick HD
(18) DOC.CIT.: Curby, W. A. , B. i>. Uiinick, and i. c. Joy. Assays
of toiic pollutants by fish blood. Environmental Protection Poclication
BPA-600/3-76-06V. Narragansett, HI, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Sept. 1976. 77 p. (Ecological Research Series. )
Jl) SBiKS aCC.NO.: 041155
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CA'l'EGORJ: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYi-E: 6; T
(I) AUTHOR: fiubinstein R (10) Gi.O- AREA: 1AE; 1»C (10) PUu.
YEAR: 1975
(It) ABSTRACT: The result of a survey is given wnj.cn Has undertaken
to develop a series of acceptable test protocols for assessing the
188
-------
ANALYSIS, RfcSEARCH, AND DLVELOPMENT
effects of chemicals on plants. Plant exposure to air, soil, and water
contaminants were considered. Test species were selected on the basis
of physiology, anatomy, importance as crops, and their susceptibility
to che»icals- Bioassay methods were chosen because they are most
representative of natural condxtions. The recommended sequence or test
procedures includes: growth cnamber of laboratory testing, gteenhouse
testing, tield plot testing, progeny testing and, finally, population
studies in the ecosystem. It is suggested that the extent of testing
should depend upon the quantity oi the chemical to be manufactured and
its potential hazard to the environment. (Retained it StilkS library}
ft2) KEIBORDS: AIR; CHEHICA.L; COHTAH1SATE; CHoF; EARlb; EFFhCI;
EXPOSURE; SOBVEI; tOXIC; »EGETAT1O«; HAXEK
(14) HIBRARCH TERBS: 1PE
(15) ST1BS ACC.HO.: OGS40199 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Cole H;
Cuirle E
(18) DOC.CIT.: Rubinstein, R. , B. Luirle, and H. Cole. Test
Methods for assessing the effects oi chemicals oa plants. Environmental
Protection Publication EPA-S60/5-75-008. Hashington, I>C, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, June 30, 1*75. 233 p. (Distributed by
the national Technical Service, Springfield, »A, as Pb 24» 19a. )
(1) SHIHS ACC.HO.: 0407&4
(2) DOHBSTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TSPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: Chian BS (10) GEO. AkEA: 1CB (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A literary review of organics is presented. There
are 14 reports reviewed that cover aspects of oxygen demand and organic
carbon. Detergents and surfactants are covered by 18 reports, the
majority of which are summarized in a table ot toxic and biological
effects of compounds on equatic organisms. Methods for analysis of
petroleum and allied products on aquatic organisms, and attenuation ot
petroleum and allied products in the environment are the subjects of
tables that include the majority of references to these materials.
Organic analysis of organics in water are summarized in three major
categories: methods of identitication and quantification of trace
organics in water, organic analysis ot drinking and natural waters, and
organic analysis of wastewatei. The majority of reports on pesticides
and related chlorinated hydrocarbons are listed in the following tour
tables; methods for analysis of compounds from environmental samples,
toxic effects on aquatic organisms, accumulation in aquatic organisms,
and attenuation of compounds in the environment. Uumic, colored, and
odorous substances are the subject of several reports and methods of
analysis of nitrogenous compounds from environmental samples are
summarized in a table. There are 337 references.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEBICAL; CULOUIUE; DETERGENT; EFFECT; FISH;
HIDROCAfiBOI; LITERATURE; HITBOGEM; ORGANIC; PESXJX1DE; QUAL1TI; TOXIC;
HASTE HATER; HATER
(14) B1ERARCU TERHS: 1TD
(IS) STIBS ACC.HO.: OQS39&28 (IS) SECOMDAK! AOTtiORS: Dehalle KB
(Itt) DOC.CIT.: Chian, E. S. K. , and F. B. DeUalle. Organics.
Journal Hater Pollution Control Federation, i»fa (t>) : 1042-1077, June 1976.
(1) SHXBS ACC.MO.: 040271
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOHJ: 09 (2) SUBJ.TXfE: S; f
(4) AUTHOR: Bretherick i. (10) (ilflj. AJJfiA: 1KB (10) PUB. 1f£AH:
1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Research students and practicing chemists will find
a wide selection of documented information on likely reaction hazard
potentials of existing or proposed cnemical compounds included in this
compilation. It is also useful in the important area of safety training
in school, college and university laboratories. Information on toxic
hazards is omitted because it is collectively available elsewaere;
similarly, details of all flammable materials capable ot burning
explosively when mixed with ait and ignited have been excluded.
Elements and compounds are entered biihet a» cia&i,fc!s, Croups and topics
alphabetically oiutied, or as aiiangea in toiiiultt uidet, Aii
189
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
information available to the author by June 1973 is contained in this
handbook. (Retained in SttlRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEH1CAL; KXPLOS10H; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; 1MDUSTRI;
IBSIITOIIOH; LABORATORY; MABUAL; PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; RESEARCH; SAFETY;
IBAIMING
(14) HIE8ARCH TERHS: 1H*
(15> STIHS ACC.HO.J OOS39315
(18) DOC.CIT.: Bretherick, L. Handbook of reactive chemical
hazards. Cleveland, OB, CKC Press, Inc. , 1975. 976 p.
(1) SwlRS ACC.MO.: 040149
(2) DOBESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Forstner 0 (10J GEO. AREA: 1US/2WI (10) PUi». YEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A reviev ol the literature on use of lake sediments
as indicators of heavy metal pollution is presented. Referenced are 115
publications. Heavy metals are one of lost toxic forms of evnironaental
pollutants. By analyzing lake sediments, it is possible to determine
provenance, distribution, extent, and possible hazards of metal
contamination. Sedimentary cores provide the means tor evaluating the
different influences from natural and civilizatioaal sources; they
represent a historical record of metal accumulations as a result of
population growth and industrial development. In Lake Constance, Lake
Bichigan, Wisconsin Lakes, Lake Hashiugton, and Lake £rie the vertical
distribution of a large number of elements in core profiles was;
•easured simultaneously. Results of these studies are shown in a table
according to (1) background levels of minor elements in deeper core,
(2) maximum values in upper layers, (3) factors of enrichment as the
quotient (2): (1) . nixed sewage inputs into Lakes Constance and Bichigau
moderately enhanced zinc, lead, mercury, and cadmium values. Metal
pollution resulting from pesticide use is demonstrated by examples from
lakes in Wisconsin. Examples of atmospheric influences on netal
concentrations in lacustrine deposits are seen in sedimentary core
studies of Lake Hashing ton while industrial effluents vere responsible
for trace and minor element concentrations in sedimentary cores in Lake
Brie studies. Bercury contamination from sediment and biota has been
reported in aquatic systems far removed from characteristic industrial
effluents. Other possible sources of eercury pollution are uoteu.
Potential hazards for drinning Mater quality and aquatic life nay arise
from aetal polluted lake disposits by changes of water chemistry. Three
•echanisms seem most disadvantageous: an increasing input of chelating
substances, the changes of ^H values, and the.consequences of advanced
eutrophication.
(12) KEYWORDS: AHALSSIS; BA£ARDOOb; HISTORY; LITERATURE;
H8ASUBEHEMTS; fltRCURI; K£TAL; BICblGAN; POLLUTION; QUALITY;
SBDIHEHTATIOH; SURVEY; TOXIC; UATLR; BAtERHAX ; HISCONMM
(14) HIERABCH TERflS: 1AF/2AB; Ifli.; 1TD
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS39193
(18) DOC.CIT,: Forstner, U. Lake seaiments as indicators of
heavy-metal pollution. Baturwissenschaf ten, t> 3 (10) ; 466-470, Oct. 1976.
(1) SVIRS ACC.HO.: 040140
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBO-TIPK: T
(4) AUTHOR: LdHSon £R (1U) G£0. AR£A: 1US/2AR (10) PUB. YEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A study in Arkansas is reported in which tne amount
of 2,3,5 t residues appearing in -stora runoff from small upland
watersheds as a result of spraying tor hardwood brush and sprout
control were quantified. Methods and procedures are noted. Herbicide
treatment and water sampling are described. Samples were collected at
various flow volumes to determine whether the amount of herbicide
removed varied with storm size. Sample analysis indicated that 2,4,5, T
does not persist for extended periods in forest environments.
Herbicides may be volatilized into the atmosphere, photodecomposed,
degraded in the forest floor, or leached into tne soil and subsequently
decomposed. Analysis alsu showed that herbicides are rapidly degraded
or diluted in stt«ais, None of the Concentrations found in any stream
190
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
Here sufficiently high to be toxic to Ban or aamaals or to fiish aud
•any aquatic organises.
(12) KEIHORDS: ANALYSIS; ASKAHSAS; COSCENtRATIOH ; DRAINAGE;
FORESTRY; HEASUREHEMTS; PESTICIDE; DUALITY; RESEARCH; RESIDUE; SAflPLIMG
METHODS; TOXIC; BATER; WATEHHAY
(14) H1ERABCH TERMS: 1PE; 1«A/2*A; 1HA/2W*1
(1i>) STIHS ACC.NO-: OOSJ9192
(18) DOC.CIT-: Lawson, E. kt. 2,4,b 1* residues in storm runoff from
small watersheds. Journal of soil ana Hater Conservation,
31(5»l:217-219, Sept. -Oct. 1976.
(1) SKIRb ACC.KO.: 040131
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: Oi* (2) SUBO.TYPE: 3; T
(4) AUTHOR: Alfredson PU (10) GEO. AKEA: 1RA/2KG (10) POfa. YEAH:
1916
(11) ABSTRACT: Present and future aetaods ot Managing radioactive
wastes in the nuclear industry are reviewed, in the stages iron uraniua
•ining to fuel raj&ncation, the main purpose of waste management is to
limit and control dispersal into the environment of uranium and its
decay products, particularly radium and radon. Nuclear reactors produce
large amounts of radioactivity but release rates from commercial power
reactors have been low and well witum legal limits. The principal
waste fron reprocessing is a high activity ligiud containing
essentially ail the fission products along with the transuranium
elements. Host high activity wastes are currently stored as liquids iii
tanks but it is agreed that future wastes Bust be converted into
solids. Processes to solidify wastes have been demonstrated in pilot
plant facilities in the United States and Europe. Alter solidification,
wastes nay be stored lor some time in marinade structures at or near the
Earth's surface. The £est method for ultimate disposal appears to be
placing solid wastes in a suitable geological formation on land.
Disposal in salt or hard rocK presents no major engineering problen but
requires confirmation that wastes will remain permanently out of »an*s
environ lent.
(12) KEYWORDS: ENUIS BERING; ENVIRONMENT; EUROPE; FUEL; LIQUID;
HAHAGEHEST; HiNE; 8ADIOACTI Vjc.; SAFETY; SALT; SOLID; STORAGE
(11) H1ERARCB TERHS: IMA
(15) STIHS ACC.8O.: OUS39175 { 1b) SECONDARY AUtaoRs: Levins Dfl
(1&> UOC.C1T. : Altredson, P. ti. , and D. H. Levins. Radioactive
waste aanageaent. Atoaic Energy 111 Australia, 1v (3) :ia-31, July 197b.
(T) SK1RS ACC.80.: 0400t>4
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY.: 09 (2) SUbO.TYPE: S; X
(4) ADTHOR: Mattsson PE (10) GfcO. AREA: 1AE; 1HA (10) PUB. YEAR:
1976
(tl) ABSTRACT: Gas chroaatogrpahic nethods for the deternination of
polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT (wnn sone of its aetdbolites) in
sewage sludge sanples aiid smilar materials are described. The sasple
is extracted with a «uture at hesane, acetone and water. After
separation, the hexane phase is reduced in voiuae and divided into two
aliguots, one of which is first shaken with 7 percent fuming sulphuric
acid to remove lipids, and then with potassium cyanide to eliminate
interference by elemental sulphur. lao other aliguoc is evaporated to
dryness and heated with ethanolic potassium nydroxiae. The two aligaots
are injected into a gas cnroaatograph fitted with a gi^ss capillary
column and a"n electron capture detector. Hexaoromoijenzene is used as in
internal standard. Poiychlorinateu bypueuyls are determined
quantitatively by comparing the poa*.s ot the sample with those of
Clopen A 50 or A 60. The individual percentage composition or the
chlorobiphenyls in the poiy chlorinated oipheiiyl oils is used. The
capillary column is coated with silicone oil SF 9fa according to a
described procedure.
(12J KEYXOhDS: AhALiSIS; ChKBICAi.; CHLORlfcK; HAilAKDOUS;
HYDBOCAHBOB; PESTlCiDt; PuLYCBLOK^N Ai'£D ; SEKAGi; SLUDGE; I'OXIO
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: ISI/^SX
(1b) STIMS ACC.Nu.: OOSJ^lOa ( 1b) Si.CO»&A«i AUTHORS: l»i'3ren S
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hattsson, t . fc. , and S. Nygren. Gas chroaiatographic
determination ot polychlormated i»iph«nyls ana soaie chlorinated
pesticides in sewage sludge using a yxass capillary column. Journal of
Chroaotography, 124 (2) : 2b5-2/S, i>ept. 15,
191
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SKIRS ACC.NO.: 039864
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAi'EGOKK: 0* (z) SUbJ.TYPE: S (10) PUS.
YEAH: 1976
IT1J ABSTRACT: 'rheraai transf omation of Ha (sodium) Cs (ceso.ua)
and Sr (strontium) type zeolites were studied by Beans of differential
thermal analysis (Cl'A) , t her* ograviae trie analysis (TiiAj and xray
ponder diffraction. Synthetic zeolites A, X and Y, synthetic mordenite
(Zeolon) and natural noidenite were used in tnis i;tudy. Net type
zeolites of A and X recrystailized to nepneline (sodiun, aluminum,
silicate) aoove 11,000 C, but the structures of zeolite I and iiurdeaite
collapsed above aoout 900 C and did not recrystaliize until 1,<:00 C. Cs
type of zeolite I recrystallizea to it aoove 1,100 C, but the structure
of aordeuite collapsed above 1,10o c una zeolite If recrystallized to it
above 1,200 C, but the structure of *ordenite collapsed aoove 1,000 C.
The results described were supported by microscopic observation and the
•easarement of density, (text in Japanese)
(12) KEYWORDS: ISfESl'IGATlOW; JAPAN; LIQUID; i'BOCiSS; RADIOACTIVE;
HSSEAKCK; SOLID; THERBAL
(Ib) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS369U6
(Id) DOC.CIT.: Kanno, T. , h. Miaura, ana T. tu.ta*ara. 2eoraito ni
yoru ooshasei haieki no shori (i) Sd Rr type
zeolites. ) Journal oi the Atonic Energy Society of Japan,
1H (b) :516-Wt, 1976.
(1) SMIBS ACC.MO.: 03&7&0
(2) DOflESIIC: D (2J CATEGOKY: 0^ (^} SOiiO.l-y.pE: s (10) PUB.
1976
(11) AbSTBACT: Xhe basic chemistry of arsenic (As) related to its
dissolution and subsequent precipitation in golu nine waste waters is
dliscussea. The lime addition nethodt. provides tne most economic
treatnent of arsenical siurries but requires a careful contioi of tne
oxidation of AS+J into As+3, of the ^a and the filtration or the
precipitate. Arsenic in golu aining waste waters, is almost always in
the trivalent state. The artificial oxidation oi arsenic iust be
performed prior to liae addition. Control of the pH consists in
providing a sufficient a»ou£.t of iise to obtain a saturated solution.
Finally, the calciua arsenate for»ed in the reaction «ust be carefully
filtered out. A modification of the »etnod cy phosphoric acid addition
• ay be necessary to respect the safety noras. 1'ne cost of the method is
about one fifth taat of a ts nearest c-o«petitor. Brief mention o.t the
problems of disposal of the filtered arseniierous wastes ingest the
possibility of underground storaye. Fartner study is suggested.
(12) KE?WOBDi>: CHEHICAL; IHuKGAfclC; JLIflfi; MiiXAL; ttlKJi; Jiuai-^EfiRoUS ;
PRECIPITATE; P80CES3; TOXIC; KASTi; ttHtEH
(ib) STIMS ACC.NO.: O0s3d604
(Id) DOC.CIT.: Laguitton, 0. Araeiiic remouai from gold «ine waste
waters: basic chemistry or the line addition netnod . t-IM Bullet-un,
69 (773) : 105-109, Sept. 1976.
(1) ShlRi ACC.NO.:
(2) DOiSKbi'IC: D (2) CAijiuOhY: dj (2) bJiiu .nfZ: i> (10) PUii.
YJSAH: 1976
(11) AtiSl'ftACT: 4 aethod for the direct deterfflinatin of
concentrations oi aolecular ti/arogejj au^ride (Hii) is presented. 1'ne
procedure involves bubbling compresut-a nitrogen turoujh au
sulfide solution to displace rf2j iinjLcn is coilectwd in a glass
concentration column and sieasurea coiorimetricaxiy. The il/;s
concentration is calculated troa the Ueternint^d sullide displacenent
rate and by reference to a 10^ linear standard curve relating
temperature with tne .H2b dibpiacoaeiit rate to tue H<:S concentration in
standard solutions. To permit accurate determnatiou of h_'5 froa tnu
deter ainect dissolved lu^iide concunti ution aaa traction oi dissolved
sulfide as H2S for speciij,c concitions ox temperature auc pri, the
apparent linear reiationstui^ iietween loniKatiou constant for h2.j (acj)
and temperature was -.lelined. i'his procedure oi Cdiculatiny ti^> j.n
182
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
various waters aad effluents «as confirmed by the direct technique.
Ibis was used to define the relationship between test pB and sulfide
to-iiiicit y to the fathead einnow.. {Detained in SHIRS library)
(t2) KEYWORDS: AHALYS1S; CHEBICAL; FISH; HYflROGES; HATHEHAT1CAL
HODEL; PH; POLLOT10B; SULFUR; TOXiC; HATEB
(tSJ STIHS ACC.NG.: OOS38533
(1H) DOC.CIT.: Broderios, s. J. , ana L- L. S»ith. Effect of
hydrogensulfide on fish and invertebrates, part 2. hydrogen sulfide
determination and relationship between pH ana sulride toxicity.
Environaental Protection Publication KPA-t>00/3-76-062. St. Paul, a».
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 1;»76. 109 p. (Ecological
Besearch series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039678
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: Of (2) SUbJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
XBAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Iniomation colltcted during a survey of Mercury and
pesticide residue content of i DOC.CIT.: Kleiaer, H. W. , G. S. Onnioayer, and h. I. OJcubo.
Hercury content of biota in coastal waters in Hawaii. Bulletin of
Bnvironmeatal Contaeina tion and 1'oxicology, lb (4) :4 W-4a7, Apr.
(t) S81RS ACC.NO.: 039233
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGChY: Of (2) SOBJ.TYPE: b (10) PUB.
YEAH: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: A aetnod for the deteraiina lion of gercury in
effluent waters based on the electrolytic separation of the nercury, cy
tneraal distillation and by atonic absorption spectroietry of the
•ercury vapor is described. Tabular results ol analyses of standard
solutions by several other nethoas are coipared with the new Method and
the results by using the various methods in ttte determination of
•ercury in industrial eitluent watett are also presented in tabular
tors .
(12) KEYWORDS: ABSOBP'i'IOS ; blb'TlLi-A 1'IUN; KJrFLUEMT; ELECTROLYSIS;
HA2ARDOO&; MEhCUHY; Ht'TAL; NOd-FbhEOLS; PLANi -ISDUSTRiAU; TOXIC; USSR
(IS) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS3b^7/
(1b) UOC.CIT-: ivistov, P. F. , and Y. 1. TurXin. Determination of.
• ercury in effluent waters t*y atonic absorption spectroscopy (exchange
oi experience). Industrial Laboratory, 42(2):zOb-200, Keb. 1976.
(1J SSJRS ACC.NO.: 03*2J2
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAI-ESOHYJ o* (2) SUBJ.TYPE: s (io> PUB.
IBAfii; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A netnod for toe determination of turpentine and
terpineoi in efiluents iroi flotation processes in the separation ot
oonrorrous »etai otes is aesctiDea. A calibration curve i& j-totted,
using benzene, chjorifore, or tuluene as solvents, and a«t
193
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
optical density x»y photocoiorimetry. A typical result o£ the analysis
of effluent samples is presented in tabular iota.
(12) KEXHORDb: AMALXiilS; CHEMICAL; EFFLUENT; aAZASDOUS; HEALTH;
BBASUREME1ITS; METAL; HIKE; NON-FERROUS; PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; SOLVENT;
TOXIC; USSB
(15) SUMS ACC.BO.: OOS3827b
(la) UOC.CIT.: Parkhoaovskii, V. L. , V. F. Il'ina, and D. G.
Petrunyak. Determination of terpineol and turpentine xn effluent fro*
ore concentration plant works (exchange of experience). Industrial
Laboratory, 42(2) :2C4, Pelt. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039162
(2) DOHEST1C: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ ,1'IPE: S (10) PUB.
t£ABl 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Analyses of cadmium, zinc, copper, and nickel in the
tissues of fish and crustaceans iron inshore waters off the northeast
coast of Great Britain reveal surprisingly high values. The area is
heavily polluted with coal Hastes. Heavy industry includes aluminum
smelting and pharmaceutical manufacture. Heavy metal input from these
sources is slight and the high metal levels reported lor some specimens
remain unexplained. The high tissue zinc levels are ot particular
interest. As cany of the fish analyzed are bottom dwellers, farther
research regarding sediment zinc levels is indicated. The physiology of
heavy metal accumulation and their general biogeocheaical cycling also
merit lore detailed study. Tables show the concentration of the various
metals and the part of the fish anatojiy in which they Here found.
(12) KEYiORDS: ALUMINUM; CONCENTRATION; OBU3S; FISH; FOSSIL FUEL;
GREAT BRITAIN; HETAL; NON-FERROUS; POLLUTION; RESEARCH; UATBKUAY
(tb) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS38206
(Tb) DOC.CIT.: fright, D. A. deavy «etals in aniaals from the
northeast coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 7(2):36-3B, Fee. 197t>.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039155
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORI: 09 (2) SUB J.TYPE: S; 1 (10) PUB.
SEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The Orion lode! 94-06 cyanide electrode «as
evaluated to determine its applicability to nater and wastewaters. The
calibration curve was Nernstian over the concentration range of 0. 26
and 26 pp*, and the slope ot the curve Has 69 »v per decade change.
This work consisted in studying tne response of the cyanide selective
electrode to cyanide when this ion was present: in solution in both free
and complex foras. The results shon conclusively that the eiectroae
responds only to free cyanide in solution and not at all to that
conplexed to metals.
(12) KEYWORDS: AHALSS1S; CHEMICAL; ION; HATHEHAX1CAL MODEL;
HEASUREHBMTS; MONITOR; TOXIC; HASTE WATER; WATER
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS38199
(18) DOC.CIT.: Schlueter, A. The applicability of the cyanide
electrode for measuring free and totai. cyanide. Environmental
Protection Publication EPA-600/4-76-020. Cincinnati, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, June 1976. 29 p. (Environmental
Monitoring Series. }
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: U3B705
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) l>Ub.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Three solutions of cyanide, KCM in deionized water
(simple form), K3Fe(CN)6 in deionized water (complex form) and ,KC« in
natural landfill ieachate (mixed form) were each leached through five
soils of varying physical and chemical properties to evaluate which
soil characteristics govern the movement of the various cyanide forms
in soils. The effluent from each column was collected and analyzed for
total cyanide eacn day. in general, KCN and K3Fe(CN)6 in water were
194
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
both found to be very mobile ia soiib, while K.CK in landfill leachate
was found to ee less »ofaiie . soil proj.erti.es such as .low pH, presence
of free iron oxide ana Kaolin, chlorate and gibbsite type clay (high
positive charges) tended to increase attenuation of cyanide in the
three forms. Hign pb, presence oi tree CaCO.4, (caiciua carbonate), high
negative charges, low clay content anu moiitaorillonite clay tended to
increase the nobility of the three cyanide loras.
(12) KEYiiOfcDi: CHKHICflL; CLAY; COSThui.; KAKTH; INVESTIGATION;
LEACH; XOXIC
(15J STlflS ACC.SO.: OOSJ774*
(1»1 COC.CII-: Alesii, d. A. . and W. Hi Fuller. The mobility of
three cyanide for»s in soils, la Fuller, w. a- , ed . Proceedings; the
Residual Hanageaent by Laud Disposal rroceediugs of the Hazardous Haste
Research Symposium, University ot Aiizoua, Tucson, Feu. 2-4, 1976.
Environmental protection publication hPA-fcOO/il-76-0 15. Cincinnati, OH,
0. i>. Environmental Protection Agency, Juiy 1a7t>. p. Z1J--223..
(Distributed by the National Technical information Service,
Springfield, VA, as Pi> 256 7fat> As. )
(1) SbilBS ACC-80.: 03t»7G2
(2\ DOMESl'lC: ii (2} LATEGOhlf: Ua (2) SUBJ.TXPK: S; T (10) PUB.
IBAB: 1976
(1t) ABSTKACT : Vinyl chloride aouoiner (VCrtJ ia retained iu sludge
wastes produced during polyvinyi chloride (PVC) processing at
production plants. Inaustry is actively investigating processing
i«proveients that nay reduce tue aaount or VCM in tnese sludges in the
future and is looking at alternate disposal, and recycle schemes.
However, the PVC sludges currently &eing disposed of at landfills may
still contain sufficient VCfi to constitute a potential health hazard
when the gaseous VCH escapes. In a preliainar y, low level stuay done to
determine whether a potential tnreat to the aealth of ianafill workers
or aearby residents exists, 17 urab air samples were collected for
laboratory analysis ox VCH content at three landfills wnere these
sludges were disposed. Sanples of an rVi. sluuges xhich were disposed at
the taree landfills also here collected. VCH concentrations in the grab
air and sludge sample^ were measured using the gas chrouato^capnic
fla»e iouization detection analytical technique. The release rate of
?CB from sludge also was measured ui.aer controlled laboratory
conditions, using a specially designed oppatatut.
(12) KEYUOfiDS: AiK; GASbisS; HKAtia; INDUS J'BY; KATb£«ATICAL MOOfil.;
POLY V IU It i. CHLiiEIUti; REDUC'i'IOS; ȣi,EAhCU; UAftTY; JAHPL1NG METHODS;
SANITARY X-ASLii-lLi.; i>LUD^t
(I^J iiXias ACC.NO.: OOSJ774b
(la) BOC.CIT.: flarkle, K. A. , h . B. idtn, and F. A. Slieuers. A
prelimiaary examination of vinyl chloride eni^sions from polymerisation
sludges, during handling ana land disposal, in Fuller, M. H. , ed.
Proceedings; the Residual Hanagenent i>y Land Disposal Proceedings of
the Hazardous waste fiesearcu Symposium, University ot Arizona, Tucson,
Feb. 2-4, 1976. Environmental Protection Publication tPA-bOu/9-76-015.
Cincinnati, Ob, U. S. Environ cental Protection agency, July 197o. p.
186-19U. (Distributed by tne national fecanical Intoraation Service,
Springfield, VA, as Pit 236 7bo AS. j
(1) SfclRS ACC.NO.:
(2) KOHESTIC: D (2) LATKUUhi: u» (2) ^ObJ.TIPt: r t10) FOB.
IKAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Procedures ana e^uipmeiit for tne sampling of liquid
and sludge hazardous wastes are discussed, i'ae techniques are primarily
applicable to bulk (vacuum trucks) and barreled wastes. Materials of a
wide range of viscosity, corrosivity, volitivity , and solids content
have been successfully aandied, and tne techniques are designed to give
representative samples of actual complex multiphase wastes. £i^uipaent
design is simple and inexpensive and allows tor rapid sampling
necessary for obtaining total in^-ut data on large hazardous waste
sites. Sampling handling ana preservation are discussed in
consideration of the wide variety 01 (tastes Handled. Appropriate
sampling techniques do not necessarily produce samples statistically
195
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
representative of tne total waste stream; the presence of sampling
personnel significantly perturbs the ilow of »aste into a disposal
site. Approaches to de; SAMPLING UEIiiUD^; Si-UjOG^
(15) STIHS ACC.NU.: OOSJ/73J
(IB) UOC.CIP.; Stephens, K . i>. hazardous rfdste sampling. In Fuller,
if. H. , ed . Proceedings; the Residual tlanagei^nt cy Lana Disposal
Proceedings of the Hazardous iiaste utyuarch .iynposiuic, University ot
Arizona, Tucson, Feb. 2-<4, I97t». i-nvnonaentai Protection Publication
EPA-600/9-76-0 1t>- Cincinnati, On, U. y. Environmental Protection
Agency, July 197o. p. 4i-50. (Distributed by the national
Inforiation Service, Springfield, VA, as PB 2^fa 7oo Ai>. }
(1) SklRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOflESTIC: D (2) CATbGOhY: 09 (/J bUbJ.llfE: S; I (10) PUB.
1976
(11) ABSl'KACl : yuantiLdtivt measuieaents of rates and HOOPS oi
disappearance of pesticides under titld conditions are duficult to
obtain because environaentai parameteis cannot oe satisfactorily
controlled and monitored. A laboratory model agroecosystea was
constructed to simulate field conditions trhicn permitted simultaneous
measurement of pesticide residues; in i»oil, plants, water anu air *ith
the objective of reducing pesticide aiobiiity. The design and
coustructiou of five agroecosystess are descrit>ed in uetail. The first
phase of research in the ayroecosystem van devoted to neaauring
pesticide residues in air. tne aerial residues in the eihoutt aj.r are
trapped on poiyurethane toaa plugs, htiich are saifipieu per lotticaxly .
Initial results aeaonstrated that toxaphene and DiiJ volatilised oft of
fiber glass cloths and cotton leaf surfaces, but the rate of
volatilization decreased very rapidly wita time, tfuciency of trapping
by the poiyurethane plugs was very high with recoveries greater tuan 96
percent. Short term objectives wt;re to test tne utility of tht
agroecosystea for coaparing tue moonity of tiiriereut Classes 01
pesticides and thereby identifying potential environmental problems.
Long term objectives were to explore the posiiibilitiet, of deteraiining
oioaccuauiation oi pesticide,? in terrestial organisms and latenacing
our system with other model ecosystems, particularly the aguatic
ecosystem.
Ki.YWOKJUi> : AGrtiCUi.TJRfc; UHAHBiR; bCOMOBJlCi); LNV 1 KON rttNT ;
LABOHAfUhif; BONlTari; pESl'lClI/il; KBS1DJ£; alrtUi-AfloN ; jui,V£Nr
(15) ^TlftS ACC.BO.: OUSJ7JOC
(18) DUC.C1T.: beall, K . ± » , Jt . , ri. G . Nasn, anu P. *.. Kearney.
Agroecosystea - a laboratory model ecosystem to simulate agricultural
field conditions tor aonitoring pesticides, in utt, b. it. , 0.
Albrecht, and R. Clark, eds. Proceedings; the Conference on
Environmental Modeling and bisulution, Cincinnati, Oh, Apr. 1*-/2,
1976. Environmental Protection tubiicatron BPA-oOO/S-/b-0 16.
Wasnington, U. 5. Environmental Protection Agency, July 1y/u. p.
790-793.
(1) jWlBS ACC.NO.: 03o24o
(2) DuttESTiC: D (2) CATEtfohK: ui* (2) SUiv!.:fYi-i,: b; f (TO) put*.
YBAK: 1976
(11) ABSl'HACT: A simple mathematical model nai, ueen developed to
aid in the management of hazardous chemical disposal in sanitary
landfill sites, fne model is i.ai»eu upon cneaical Bass ualance auc
incorporates the important puysical/cnemical parameters: (1)
hydrodynamic flow velocity cased upon the porosity and hydrodynanic
gradient of the porous medium (2) variable water talkie; (J) variable
rainfall; C*) reversmle adsorption/desorption phenomena; (i>) first
order irreversible sorption, it any; (6) rirstoraer chemical reaction;
(7) first order aicrobial degradation kinetics. Ine chemical, which is
deposited into the landfill in any u.*e pattern desired, is routed
vertically by rainfall infiltration to the water tacle *aere movement
196
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVhLOF-MEN'l
in the horizontal direction occurs. Tne simplicity 01 the model and tae
resulting computer simulation program pernits a ten year LUB to be
computed and plotted automatically lor approxiaateiy »6u. Tae
application of the model tor A typical sanitary landfall (brown's
Island Landfill, Salei, Oregon) is demonstrated.
(12) KL'YKORDS: CHEfliCAi,; CU«i?UTEtt; DISPOSAL; riAfcAhDoUS; «ANA«ii«JSHT;
HATHBBATICAi HOiJEL; OREGON; SANlTAJtX iAN'JIrILL; THANSPUKT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS.J7292
(Id) DOC.CIT.: fclzy, K. , ana F. *'. ^ndstrom. Model ot tae
movement o£ hazardous vd^te chemicals tor sanitary landtill sites. In
Ott, U. 8. , 0. AlDrecht, and K. iiork., eus. rtoceedngs; Tae
Conference on Environmental fiodei^nvj and Si i> u ^.a Li on , t-iiiCxiinati, oH,
Apr. 19-22, 1976. Environmental Protection Puulication
E?A-600/9-76-016. Washington, U. s. tuvironaental Protection Agency,
July 1976, p. 609-613.
(1) SilRS ACC-NO.: 03o078
(2J DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0^ (z) SUBJ.TYPE: S; I' (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(tl) ABSTRACT: The application of spectroiluoriBetxy to the
measurement and iaentification ot polycyclic aromatic hydrocarnons
(PAH) in aqueous solutions vas investigated. At naperiou oi/sorbances
equal to or less than 0. Of>, the tluorescence intensities ot solutions
containing naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, and fluoranthene in Hater
ace a superposition ot the component iluorescence spectra. At tue
higher PAH optical densities of the my/l level and when viewed
perpendicular to the excitation light, tne Iluorescence spectra vary
unpredictably with the concentration. The PAH fluorescence intensity is
unaffected by the presence of sodxum cnloride at sea water
concentrations and by the presence oi ag/i concentrations oi iron,
zinc, cobalt, or nickel cations in the Hater.
(12) KEXBOBDS: ANALYSIS; COHCilNTRAl'lON; hAZABUOOS; HYOSOCAREOa;
LIGHT; BEASOHEHEHTS; POLLDriON; SPECTKOGBAPHJC; HATbK
(15) STIRS ACC.BO.: OCS37122
(18) DOC.CIT.: Schwarz, F. P. , and S. P. Kasik. fluorescence
measurements of carcinogenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
Mater. In: Proceedings; International Conference ou Environmental
Sensing and Assessment, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 14-1»»r 1*71>., New YorX., MI,
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1, jib p. (Distributed t>y tae National
Technical Information Service, 3* •.ingiield, STA, a^ Ft
197
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 038045
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0» (.£) SOBJ.TYPE: S llO) PUB.
TKM: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Controls 011 the use of polychlorinated bipneuyls
(PCBs) by the electrical industry are discussed. A representative of
Restinghouse Electric Corporation points out thjt there ate 209
possible homologs of PCBs. The basic difference in PCits is the degree
of chlorination, or the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule.
Aroclor compounds are used as examples ana the amount of chlorine
contained in them is given, The level ot chlorination appears to oe the
•ost significant factor in the relative biodegradability of PCBs, the
rate of biodegradability decreasing as the number of chlorine atoss pec
biphenyl molecule increases. Chromatograpnically derived data on
degration, plus the extreme difficulty experienced in developing
analytical tools to correctly identify and ^udntify mixtures of jfCBs
used within riestingbouse>s ovn plants led the fir* to conclude that
•any agencies supervising PCBs analyses are arriving at erroneous
results. It is felt that government standards on PCBs are being imposed
on a basis supporting data that are derived from an analytical
technique that does not reflect accurate technology. Studies being
conducted by the Environnental Protection Agency on PCBs are noted, as
well as actions taken by the Food and Drug Administration ana the
States of Michigan and Indiana. Alternative fluids proposed t>y various
industries are also cited.
(12) KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL; CHLOklNE; DATA; DECOMPOSE; ELECTRICAL;
EPA; FACILITY; HAZARDOUS; IUDUSTRI; PULXCHLORINATriD; RESEARCH; SAFETY
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOS37089
{18) DOC.CIT-: Electrical industry self-policies KTBs use.
Electrical Horld, 185(12) :131, 133-134, June 15, 1976.
(1) SBIRS ACC.HO.: 037567
(2) DOHESTIC: D {2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUoJ.XYPE: 5 (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The decomposition of caeaicals to environmentally
innocuous substances is examined. Field and laboratory data are being
collected by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess and
model sources and sinks of synthetic chemicals. EPA hus established a
15-member pollutant and transformation advisory committee to
investigate a pollutant's entrance ana fate in the environment. The
committee will evaluate existing data on pollutant translocation,
pollutant transmutation after interaction witn otner systems, and toe
implications of these alterations on EPA ruieedniny. In an effort to
develop early warning systems, EPA niil monitor the presence and
activity of suspected carcinogens ID environmental media, under a 5-yr
assessment program that has received initial funding of 41. 1 Million.
In addition to activities within EPA, many basic research ana modeling
efforts are being undertaken at universities and private companies. The
fate of synthetic chemicals in aqueous media is discussed, as well as
the effect of such chemicals on soils. Emphasis is placed oil the effect
of pesticides and pathways for chemical decomposition. It is pointed
oat that ultraviolet radiation from the sun is sufficiently energetic
to bring about photochemical transformation of xenobiotics dispersed in
natural environments. The use of matneaatical models to describe the
transport or transformation of pollutants is addressed.
(12) KEYBORDS: CHfcHICAL; COBVKBT; UECOflPOSE; EFFECT; ENVlfcOHHENT;
EPA; HAZARDOUS; MONITOR; POLLUT10H; PEOtifiAK; TRANSPORT
(15>) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS36611
(Itt) DOC.C1T.: Anon. Tracking the elusive pollutant. Environmental
Science and Technology, 10 (7) :fc<*0-6« 1, July 197t>.
(1) SHIRS ACC.KO-: 037236
(2) DOHESflC: D (2) CATKGOKY: 09 (2J SOBJ.TYFE: t (10) PUB.
YBAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The operational chronology and representative
photographic data, including oenthic culor plates, from an
oceanographic investigation near tti-,- Farallon islands are presented.
The purpose of this operation perfoi:»e
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
Programs, was to locate and investigate a Site used in the early 195Ufs
for disposal of radioactive waste, ana to determine tue conditions ot
•the containers, primarily 55-gailon drums. The operation employed the
0. S. Navy Cable-Con trolled Underwater Recovery Veiiicle (COBV 111).
Haste containers Here located at oSQ-meter and 900-meter depths.
Precision navigation methods were us.ea to ensure that the site could fie
located again for any future studies. Sediment grab samples and cores
were taken, along with a sample ot marine spoue from one of tne
containers. Extensive benthic photography and video recording were
utilized for documentation of the button targets that were
investigated. Although some containers appeared to i>e partially crushed
and breached, the majority appeared intact. (Author Abstract Bodified)
(Document retained in SHIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTAlMtB; DATA; DISPOSAL; ILLUSTRATIONS;
IMVESTICATION; LITERATURE; HAlhTESAfcCE; OCEAIi; RADIOACTIVE; SITES;
STORAGE; SOKVEX
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OGS362W1
(IB) DOC.CIT.: interstate Electronics Corporation, Operations
report - a survey ot the Farallon Islands 5uO-fathom radioactive waste
disposal site. IKC weport 4t6OClb46. Anaaeim, CA, Interstate
Electronics Corporation, Dec. 197b, 71 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.: 0372J1
(2) QOHESTIC: P (2) CATEGOKX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: (i (10) PUB.
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: 1'he effect of haioyenated carbons on the environnent
is revie*ea, along wiu» saxiaua permissible concentrations of tne
compounds in reservoir waters, tariy reports on organic contaminants
•ere concerned with DDT and other pesticides, detergents, and
hydrocarbons and with the significance of trace organics in surface
water. Reports on trace oiganics in surface water were related to the
effect of trace organics on aquatic biota, «an, and dniuals; sources of
organics froa industry, domestic waste, and natural runoff;
concentrations of contaminants in surface water; characteristics,
taste, and odor of trace organics; and detection methods and apparatus.
Balogenated hydrocarbons are considered to be stable compounds which
could cause considerable risk.. Data on halogeuated Hydrocarbons are
tabulated in order of increasing carbon a LOBS and nuaber of hydrogen
atoms in itoiecuj.es. Maximum permissible concentrations are expressed in
milligrams per liter. A survey conducted by the Environmental
Protection Agency is cited which emphasizes the signiticance of
contaminated water supplies in 79 cities in relation to the presence of
halogenated hydrocarbons.
(12) KEYWORDS: COMCfcN rKAXlON ; CUNTAS1HATE ; DATA; DE'iERGKaT; EFFECT;
EBVIHOHHEMT; EPA; HAZARDOUS; HYDBuCARuQN ; MUNIC1PAL1T1 ; ORUAfciC;
PESTICIDE; SORVE1; WA'1"EHWAK
(1£>) STIHS ACC.HO.; OOS3627b
(18) DGC.C1T.: Boivath, A . i . flaximum permissible concentrations of
halogenated hydrocarbons in reservoir waters - a. review. Chemistry ana
Industry, (2) : 26-27, uan. 3, iy?t>.
(1) SIIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATfiGOKJ: 09 (^) SOBJ-l'IPK: S (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The relationship between emissions from coal-fired
steam plants and trace element flows at a watershed is examined. A mass
balance study of trace eiem^nt riows at the Tennessee Valley Autnority
Allen Steam Plant in Henphis, Tennessee showed that must of the
released mercury, some sexemum, anu probably moat cnloriiie and bromine
were discharged to the atmosphere as cases, i'be elements arsenic,
cadmium, copper, gallium, mcay biienuit, lead, antimony, zinc, and
selenium were coucentrateu in fly asii comparea to slag and »ere more
concentrated in ash discharged through the stack than in that collected
by the precipita tor . Aluminum, barium, calcium, cerium, cobalt,
europium, iron, hafnium, potassium, lanthanum, magnesium, manganese,
rubidium, scandium, silicon, samarium, tantalum, titanium, and thorium
showed little preferential partitioning between slag and collected or
199
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
discharged fly asn. The elements chromium, cerium, sodium, nickel,
uranium, and vanadium exhibited oehavior intermediate between the
previous two yroups. Information on stack emissions of truce elements
from the Allen plant was used to estimate the likely range ot air
concentrations and input to tne Walker aranch Watershed which was
within ^0 km of three coal-tired steam plants. Estimated input values
were compared to measurements of cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury,
manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc in wet precipitation falling on the
watershed duriny 1^73 and 1974. Dry deposition of these elements could
not be measured directly i*ut estimates indicated that deposition could
be of the same order of zagnitude as rainwater input. A 6-month mass
balance study indicated that the watershed efficiently retained lead,
cadmium, and copper, while curoiiua, manganese, zinc, and mercury were
less well retained. (Author Abstract Modified)
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL; CONCEMTBAT10*; EHISS10N;
FACILITY; FLU ASH; FOSSIL KUiiL; UASSfcS; BKXAL; MON-FEK80US;
PLANT-miiUSTRIAL; POWER; SLAG; TOXIC; T?A
(15.} Sl'lHS ACC.NO.: GOS3626t
(18) OGC.Cir.: Lindcerg, S. £. , A. «. Andren, and h. J. Raridon.
Mass balance of trace elements in walker branch Watershed: relation to
coal-tired steaa plants. i.nvironment.il Health Perspectives, 12:y-18,
Dec. 1975.
(1} SW1RS ACC.UO.: 03715;>
(2) OOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUUJ.I'IPE: S; T (10) PUB,
SEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Representatives 01 the aquatic invertetrate species
of water flea (Daphuia magna), midge (Chironomus teutans}, and scud
(Gammarus fasciatus), and the fish species bluegill (Lepomis
• acrochiros), fathead ainnow (Piiiiephales promelas) , and orook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis) were chroriicaily exposed to various
concentrations 01 atrazine in separate flowing-water systems. Haximua
acceptable toxicant concentrations (hATCJ or atrazine for the selected
species in soft water were estiaated using survival growth, and
reproduction as indicators of toxic effects. 'Jhe flATC was estimated to
be between 0. 11 and 0. 23 n>g/1 for midges, Between 0. Ik and 0. 25
»g/l for water fleas, and Between 0. u6 and 0. 1U for the scud. For
fishes the MATC was estimated to ce between 0. 09 aud 0. 50 ug/1 lor
bluegills, oetween 0. 21 and 0. 52 »g/l for fathead minnows, and
between 0. 06 and 0. 12 mg/1 for urooK truut. The incipient LC5j for
fishes and the Mb-hour LC50 for invertebrates was estimated from acute
exposures and was Ui>ed to calculate application factors (HA1"C/LC50) .
For aquatic invertebrates and atrazine the estinated application
factors were Between 0. 15 and 0.31 tor aiuges, Between 0. 02 and 0.
04 for water flea, and between 0. 01 and 0. 02 for scud. Application
factors were estimated fietween 0. 01 and o. 07 tor oluegills, between
0. 01 and 0. 03 for fatnedd minnows and between 0. 01 and 0. 02 for
brook trout. (Document retained in SHIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: JilULoGiCAL; CHKfllCAL; CONCENi'8 ATiOK; DATA; EXPOSURE;
FiSh; INVESTIGATION; flEASJHtaiiNTS; ?£STIC1DE; TOXIC; WATERWAY
(15) ^TIHS ACC.NO.: OOSjozOO
(18) DOC.CIT.: MaceK, K. J. , h. b. Buxton, and 5. Souter. Chronic
toxicity of atrazane to seitctea ayuatic invertebrates and fishes.
Environmental Protection i-uolication 600/3-76-047. ^uluth, «H, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Hay 197o, SB p. (Ecological Research
Series) (distributed i>y National Technical Iniorsiaion Service,
Springfield, VA)
(1) SKIRS ACC.ilO.: 03715*1
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAT£GOhY: ktf (2) SOfcJ ,1'ii-E: b (lu) PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Several autnors have reported that the harnfui
effects of ammonia are primarily related to the pU ana temperature of
the water oecause only the uj.-ionizeo asiaonia is toxic. The an-ionized
fraction increases «ith rising j b ana with rising temperature. Other
factors such as dissolved oxyyen, altcalinity, free carbon dioxide,
sodium ions, total aissolvea solias, prior exposure tu ammonia,
physical stress, general physiological status, and the presence of
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
other additive toxins or other «itilting parameters will hove a great
affect on ttie overali toxicity ot amsonia to aquatic or gam si. The
actual reported toxic concentrations of ammonia vary fro* 0. Ifa mg/1 to
16. S mg/1 aninonia-nitragen . This apparent variability often resulted
from the investigator*s failu.ce to report pif and. temperature values as
well as other factors which *ay have Biased tueir results. It appears
that the highest concentration or un-ionized ammonia which apparently
will not cause any adverse effects is 0. 02 mg/1 ammonia-nitrogen,
(Document retained in SfclRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS; ALKALINE; AHBONIA; ANALYSIS; CABBON; CHEMICAL;
CO8CE«TRATION; DATA; EXPOSURE; FISH; HAZARDOUS; ION; OXYGfcB; PH;
TEMPERATURE; TOXIC; MATER
(15) STIMS ACC.NO-: OOS36 199
(16} DOC.CIT.: wiilinghan, M. T. Ammonia toxicity. Environ»ental
Protection Publication 908/J-76-OG1. Denver, CO, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Feb. 1976, 103 p. (Distributed by national Technical
Information Service, Springfield, iJA)
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037120
(2) DOHESX1C: D (2) CATEiiOfi*: 0* (2) SUbJ.TH>i.: S; T (10) FOB.
YEAH: 1975
(111 ABSTRACT: Air pollution emissions associated witn landtill,
incineration, and pysrolysis solid waste disposal processes are
evaluated. Process descriptions tor and environmental impacts of these
processes are detailed. The major problems associated with landfill
disposal are land space liaitations, leachate contamination ot ground
waste, and the generation of aethane gas through anaerobic
decomposition of refuse. Incineration is a combustion process in which
the weight and volume of charged solid waste are considerably reduced,
thus facilitating disposal, flajor incinerator waste streams having
environmental mpact potential are combustion residue and flue yas.
Eyrolysis of oryanic materials to produce gaseous or liquid distillates
involves raising the temperature of tne reruse charge in a reactor to a
value at which volatile components aistill off, leaving behind carbon
and an inert residue. Sajor air pollution emissions from tne pyrolysis
process include aolten residue discharged from the furnace base and
product gases. Data on atmospuenc ^Missions fro* landfills,
incineration, and pyrolysis are provided.
(\i.\ KEYBORUi>: Aiti; CARbON; CuMFEhESCJtl; COHTAHIMA'1'E; DATA;
DlSTILLAl'lOJi; KH1SSIO*; EJ«¥ IKuNRjSfcr; £XPLOSiO«; I»C1NKKATIO»; LEACH;
POLLUTION; PRGbLKMS; PKKOLX'SIS; RiiSlDot; iANlTAHif LAHDF1LL
(15) S'flflS ACC.NO.: OuSJfelbi
(Ib) DuC.CIT,: Toaanu, J. P. Air pollution considerations of solid
waste disposal processes. In: Proceedings; fifth Annual Symposium ot
the Los Angeles Regional forum on Solid rfaste Hanagement, University of
California, Los Angeles, Kay 21, 197b. lorrance, CA, 1,03 Anyeles
Reginal Forua on Solid Haste Kan.iyeitoiit, 197b, 160 p. (p. 96-116).
(1) ShlRS ACC.HO.: OJ7109
(2) DOHEST1C: F (2) CAT&6OKX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TlfJE: G (10) PUB.
IEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Various Cdte<;orifa!j of wastes are listed along with
their origin according to wastes with components fiaving special tiacmful
effects; and wastes witn a lesser harcful erlect, which can »e
evaluated only in connection witfc tneir quantity and the varying local
conditions relating to the economy ot waste;... included are mastes of
vegetable and animal orxgiu, AS well us refining proaucts (cot
including rubber and textile, rest kome and hospital wastes), (Original
text in Geraan)
CU) KEYxOflDS; AMJMA1-; CLAb^lPILAl'IOM; OtKHANS; HAZARDOUS; SLUDGE;
TOXIC
(15) STlBi> ACi...hu.r- uUijJO Ib4
(Ifa) t'OC.CiT.: Ncrdra(-iii-Mestphaiid . i»ra^ t waste catalogue.,
Evaluation of waste::- According to their content i« haritui substances.
(Abfdll-xdtdlog. aeweituiiy uer Abxaeile «utsprechendiftrer schad
stotfinhdite. j Jaa. ^3, 1976, .£.>-• p.
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIHS ACC.HO.: 037081
(2) DOMESTIC: » (2) C?TF«O-» (2) 3BH J .TTf",: R (>C| PUB.
TSAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Cb«»ical anpectt of tazarflou?1; wartn aanageaeAt. are
noted. The chemical viewpoint of aazartfoas vasto iiaiac|eTieat in
sumarizef! in ter*i> ot three aajor sttpsr (1) sf> of rf^icn^s fro» yrocr-ase'T
hazardoDE watte to citevent the regeneration o* toxic characteristics.
It is concluded that, the cojt of proper hazarflopK wa*-tfl »o<=-al of h«7.artious »asta
is inch hiyber in tfras of econ^aicr ami .environs"stal i1a*uyt .
(12) KFTSOhDSr CHEMICAL; COrt^uSiTTOt;; COITEK^TVC"; COHTK01.;
DISPOSAL; KCO8O1ICS; ZBTlSOVSEHi"; '-!>/£» KDl>OS; "A X »RF»F*r; SEPABftTl^G;
TOXIC; VOLUME
(1?j) STIBS ACC.AO.: OOS3o12<
(1^) UOC.CIT-: aiown, W. p. The rheaical viewooint of hazacilous
vasLvs waiiaqetent. In: National Soliii htt;?teK ''aua'Teient Association.
Proceedinijs; T'onrtii National Coiiyiress OL Viarte ^anaqeTent Technology
and B'»source anil ' nf»r-T4, 1975.
BarhiLgton, DC, (J. S, Efvironatentai ^rotectior f^cncy, 1976, Hb-J p. (p.
37-41,} .
(1) SHIKS ACC.NO.: 037079
(2» DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SaBJ.XYPE: li (10J PUB.
IKAfii 197b
(11) ABSThACT: An approach to the nanageaent <->f hazardous uaste is
detailed. Hazardous waste latenals generated in Alaska, Ida no,, Oregon,
and Washington Here surveyed to estj-iate types and quantities of waste,
determine waste management and disposal practices, identify existing
and potential hazardous waste disposal sites, project future waste
generation patterns, and develop cooperative concepts to ennance
hazardous waste management within the study region. Four potential
sources of hazardous waste were identified: (1) industrial operations
which produce a hazardous residual as part, of their process or handle
hazardous materials; (2) State and Federal activities which handle
hazardous materials; (3} agricultural operations which handle large
quantities of pesticides; and (4) hazardous waste management industry.
Surreys of these sources were conducted to obtain detailed information.
The effectiveness ox a regional survey approach to the evaluation of
hazardous waste management is discussed in relation to the expected
benefits of obtaining detailed information anu. whether such Oeitefits
exceed the cost of direct contact with all potential hazardous waste
sources.
112) KEyHOBOS: ALASKA; COtLECTIOS; COSFJihENCE; DISPOSAL; kCOHOJUCS;
HAZARDOUS; IDAHO; INFORMATION; HAKAGEflEKT; OhEGON; ^UANTITI; REGIONAL;
SURVEI; WASHINGTON
(151 SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS3b124
(18) DOC.C1T.: Dawson, u. In. , and H. H. btradley. iiegional
approach to cnemicai waste management: how do you derive your data
base? In; National Solid wastes Management Association. Proceedings;
Fourth National Congress on Waste Management Technology and Besource
and Energy Hecovery, Atlanta, November 12-14, 1975. Washington,, DC, U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1»76, 3tf2 p. (p. 10-21) .
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
11) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 036959
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAfEGOBlt 0* (2) SUBJ.rYi?E: S (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1*76
(11) ABSTRACT: A Method is disclosed tor disposal of Hater soluble
sodi.ua sulfur oxide~coni.aina.ng wastes iesult-ing £ro« industrial
processes producing fly and/or bottoa ash from fossil fuel utilization
and waste or excess sodj.ua sulfur oxide compounds, particularly
disposal of sodiun sulfite and/or sodium sulrate resulting from wet or
dry sodium alkali scrubbing of tail or flue gases to reduce SO
emissions as from smelters, power plants, paper plants, glass plants
and industrial boiler operations. The process involves nixing sodium
sulfur oxide wastes wita an aiusina and silica-containing fly asn
and/or oottoa ash, forming an agglomerate, such as a pellet or
briquette, and sintering in tee range ot about 1000 to 2300 degrees F.
The resultant sintered particle shows lower solubility than the current
standard of calcium sulfate, oeiii^ . 01 t-o . OOt us soluble as the
starting sodiun sulfur oxides, nas increased density (as high as 2. 3
g/1) . and reduced volune as comparer to cue dry fly ash or sodiua
sulfur oxide wastes, and fixes neavy aetals, fly ash leaching and
dusting problems are substantially overcome, Sodiua sulfur oxides
include sodiui solfite, suliate, i,isuj.£ite, bisulfate, thiosuitite,
persulfite (pyrosulfite), tniosuixate, persulfate (pyrosulfate), and
Mixtures thereof. Sintered particle may be disposed of by known
landfill techniques, or useu as au aggregate for mulch, road beds,
concrete, asphalt or the like.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALKALINE; DISPOSAL; EHlSSlOb; FL1 ASH; FOSSIL FUKL;
INDUSTRY; LEACH; OXYGEN; PATENT; ttEi^UCTION; SAMITAItY LANDFILL;
SCRUBBER; SINTER; SOLUblLITl; SUi.FUK
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OGSJfaOQi*
(18) DOC.CIT.: buliu, J. a. , E. t_. riosar, ana K. b. Bennett.
Industrial Resources, luc. Sodiua suitur oxides wastes disposal
process. U. S. Patent So. 3,9o2,oiiU. issued June d, 1»7o.
It) SKI8S ACC.SO.: 03bttb3
(2) DOBESTIC: F (2) CATi-GOwi: 0^ (.<:} sUtw .I-ypt: G (10) FOB.
YEAR: 1!*7b
(11) ABSTRACT: A list of categories is givei. in which various types
of hazardous wastes are specif led. Le-jai definitions are added as
guidelines. Hazardous wastet. are t,hoso tdtit should not be discharged
together with household wastes, in a) PUB.
XEAB: 1i»76
(11) ABSTHAC'l': The relationship between madj.au letnal
concentrations of various cutsnicals and exposure times was determined
for six species of freshwater fish iu rt fiow-tncougn system. Acute
to*icitj tests were pei:tor»ed watj» KeieLj.ua dioxide, t-oaium arsonite,
sodium cyanide, sodiun peBtaciilorapiienate, betyllium i.uifate, and lead
chloride, rest fish species inciuuea iiiaegili, channel catfish, fatnead
Minnow, brook trout, flagfish, and ozark-strain goldfisn. Lowest median
lethal concentrations ooserved in the study *ere u. 114 at, per liter
for sodiua cyanide, 0. '\ti ay tor sodiua pentachJorophenate, ^. 9 mg for
selenium dioxide, 18. 0 mg tor ..odium arsenite, 2i». 4 mg for beryilj.ua
sulfate, and greater ihan lot) mg tor lead chloride, foxxcity curves
relating median iethal concen tia 4 io;»s to expovvire times were or tnree
203
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
types. One curve, resemoling a rectangular hyperbola, characterized the
toxicity of sodium cyanide. Another curve, sigmoid in shape,
characterized the toxicity ot selenium dioxide. Botn curves Mere
observed in toxicity tests with sodium pentacniortipaenate, i>odiua
arsenite, and beryllium sultate. Linear toxicity curves nere recordea
for some fish species exposed to ^eieuiua dioxide, soaium arsenite, and
beryllium sulfate, but these utre usually encouiiterea wtien exposure
times were less than 96 hrs. (Autnor Abstract Boditiea)
(12) KEYSORDS: CHEHJCAL; tONLiMThATIOH; DATA; ii'FJbCT; KXPOSUKL;
FISii; T1HE; TOXIC
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OUSJ5i>91
(18) DOC.CIT.: Card we 11, h. D. , U. G. Foreaan. aud 1'. h. Payne.
Acute toxicity of selected toxicants to six species ot fish.
Environmental Protection Agency Publication Ki«A-600/j-7b-008. Duiutn,
an, u. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mar. 1976, 117 p.
(Ecological Kesearch Aeries).
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036361
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Cyanide wastes arise in three Bain torus: spent case
hardening salts containing 10 to 15 percent cyanide; spent plating
baths, dips, stripping solutions etc, which contains several percent
cyanide; and reuse waters which generally contain cyanide at less than
1,000 milligrams per liter. Experiments are described for the
electro-chlorination of cyanide reuse waters using planar electrode
cells; this method utilizes sodium chloride and though the cyanide is
destroyed, metal is precipitated and mast be filtered out. A letter
alternative electrolytic method uses the Chemelec cell in which metals
are recovered as a high purity deposity on the cathode as the cyanide
is destroyed. The chemistry and comparative costs of chlorination
versus electrolytic treatments are tabulated. Batch and continuous
processes are described. The experimental method using a simulated
copper cyanide rinse water should be equally applicable to all cyanide
plating solution. If the recovered metal has a value of 250 to 350
pounds per ton, the cyanide can be destroyed at zero cost.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; COHPARISOH; ECONOMICS; ELECTROLYSIS;
ENERGY; FILTER; GREAT BRITAIN; HAZARDOUS; HETAL; PRECIPITATE; SALT;
SEPARATING; SIHOLATION; TOXIC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS35U06
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hillis, H. R. Treatment of cyanide wastes by
electrolysis. Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing,
53(2) :65-73, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03627?
(2) DOMESTIC: D t.2) CA'fE«Ohl: 0<< (2) SUbJ.TYPK: S (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) AbSTKAC'i': The meUiylation chtmisiry o£ platinum, palladium,
lead, and manganese was conpared using methyicoiiaiamiu
-------
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
concluded that these reaction products could exist in fresh vater
ecosystems and exhibit toxic effects on mammalian cells.
(12) K8XHOBDS: ALKALINE; AUTOHOblLE; BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL;
COMPARISON; CONTROL; fcMISSIGH; FUEL; HEl'AL; SON-FfcBKOUS; SALT; TOXIC;
VITABIB; HATEBWAr
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35322
(Itt) DOC.CIT.: Taylor, h. T. Comparative aethylation chemistry of
platinum, palladium, lead, and manganese. Environmental Protection
Agemcy publication EPA-60U/1-76-016- Research Trianglw Park, SC, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Bar. 1976, 2b p. (Environmental Health
Effects Research Series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.BO.: 036084
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBI: 09 (2) SUbJ.TXPE: G (10) PUB.
XBAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Criteria used Ly 2J hazardous substance
classification systems to define a nazardous substance are described.
The predominance uf Federal classification systems is explained by the
number of Federal statutes mandating the regulation 01 hazardous
substances in food, in transport, ii> the worK environment, and in the
air and water environment. It is noted that the supply component of
military services used hazard ratings to nelp determine precautions
needed for the storage and shipment of materials, only California's
classification system has been developed for the purpose of
comprehensively managing hazardous wastes, including their transport
and disposal. Criteria used by each of the hazardous substance
classification systems are presented in tabular form, with every system
utilizing toxicological criteria in determining whether a substance
should be classified as hazardous. Hany systems utilize tae toxicology
criterion as the primary screen for identifying hazardous substances,
although their focus is on acute rather than chronic toxicity data. The
source of criteria for each hazardous substance classification system
is noted, if available. A report appendix lists standards reconaended
by MIOSH (National Institute tor Occupational Safety and Health) for
various hazardous substances.
(12) KEYWORDS: CLASSIFICATION; DATA; FEUKKAL; i-'OOl); HAZABbOUS;
PERSONNEL; REGULATIONS; STORAGE; SXiiTEM; TOXIC; T»A*i.PORT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35129
(Itt) 00C.CIT.: Konau, A. A. A summary of hazardous substance
classification systems. Cincinnati, ho, u. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Dec. 1975, 55 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.no.: 033959
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SUBJ.TTPE: T (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1975.
(11) ABSTRACT: This paper presents an assessment of the generation
of hazardous wastes and of hazardous wastes management practices in the
organic chemicals industry. This industry. Standard Industrial
Classification Code 281, includes the following industries: alkalies
and chlorine; industrial gasses; inorganic pigments; and other
industrial inorganic chemicals. Data are provided on the generation of
the following hazardous waste constituents by the various segments of
this industry: asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadimum, chromium,
copper, cyanides, lead, mercury, halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides,
selenium, and zinc. About 55 percent of the production in SIC 281 is by
plants in the other industrial inorganic chemicals sub-category, but
this section produces about 90 percent of the potentially hazardous
wastes. Hastes from the inorganic chemicals industry are generally
subjected to some combination of the following treatment and disposal
processes: chemical detoxification; high temperature processing; open
dumping; municipal discharge to municipal sewers; deep well injection;
and ocean dumping. Most of the potentially hazardous wastes from this
industry are disposed of by ponding, lagooning, landfilling, or
dumping, generally in the absence of adequate containment, monitoring,
or leachate control programs. It is suggested that appropriate
safeguards to upgrade land disposal operations could be implemented in
205
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
some cases with only Moderate increases in cost. (This document is
retained in the SHIRS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; CREHICAL; DATA; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS;
GENERATION; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; INORGANIC; MANAGEMENT; PROBLEMS;;
PROJECTION; SORYEY; TREATHEIT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS33003
(18) DOC.CIT.: Borekas, S. Haste volumes and characteristics from
inorganic chemicals industry. In Proceedings; National Conference on
Management and Disposal of Residues fro* the Treatment of Indnstrial
Hastewaters, Washington, D. C. , Feb. 3-5, 1975. Rockville, Maryland,
Information Transfer, Inc. p.
retained in the SHIRS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; C^NIKaLlZED; CHbBIuAL; COMPOSITION;
CCBTBOL; DISPOSAL; FACILITY; hA^auOOUS; HfcALTH; INDUSTRY; FriObLEMb;
RECLAMATION; REGULATIONS; TRANSPORT; TB£Al«tHT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ2286
(18) DOC.CIT.: Wagner, L. E. Application or chemical and hazardous
wastes management technology. lu Compilation of Papers from Third
National Congress, Haste Management Technology and resource Kecovery,
San Francisco, California, Nov. 14-15, 1S74. Wasiiinytou, D. C. ,
National Solid Hastes Management Association, 1975. p. 137-143.
206
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Section 8
METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(1) SHIRS XCC.BO.: 047959
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEbOfcJ: Oi* (2) SUbJ.TYPt;: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Asbestofc-type lung damage.
(4) AUTHOR: Richards £
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Washington Post
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) Gi,0. AHi.A: 1BI; lUi (10) PUb. YEAR: 1976
(11} ABSTRACT: Researchers have produced evidence that zeolite
minerals nay Celinked to a rare tor* of lung cancer (mesothexioma)
previously believed to be causea only by asbestos exposure. Turkish
villagers apparently developed the disease after breathing zeolite
containing dust. Since the ainerai is found widely in soft rock
formations throughout the western U.i>-, a recommendation is given to
carry out a study of its hazardous properties. fonts of zeolite are
presently being used in refineries to aid in the distillation of crude
oil into gasoline and in municipal sewage waste treatment test
facilities.
(12) KEYWORDS : ASisESTOS; DISEASE; JSWV1BON MENT; EXPOSURE; HAZARDOUS;
MIDDLE KAST; HINERAL; OCCUPATION; PAXtiOGEN; hi.i-lNh.KK; KEStARCR; US
(t«) HIERAKCH TERMS: 1HL/2AW; 11N/2AJI; 1«U
(tS) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSU7011
(16) CITATION: p. A3, Jan. 27. 1iiY8 .
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oa (2) SUBJ.fXPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Environientai impact ok cadmium.
(4) AUTHOR: Var*a M«
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: J Environ Hedlth
(toj LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. tEAii: 1970
(11) ABSTRACT: The enviroiiaentai impact ot cadniua is described in
water, air, and food media to assess the probable ritsx tor human
exposure and health effects. Such neaitu effects are suggested as renal
daaage, hypertension, respiratory etfects, carcinogenesis,
teratogenesis and eabiyotoxicity, liver dysfunction, anemia, ana
testicular damage. Animal studies on health eifects are reviewed to
indicate the range and probaoility of sucti effects on hundnt.. Studies
on huaan tiss.ue have shoirn that curttntly dietary intake or cadaiua is
close to the provisional maximum intake established by the *orla Health
Organization, ana there is so»e evidence that cadmium levels in food
•ay be increasing. A significant increase in uie amount of cadmium
being released to the environment ana a iorecast for uie future rfere
also reported. It was concluded tnat in order to mii»iffli/,e buildup of
cadmiuB in the world food cnain, restrictions should be placed on
application of sewage siuage to agricultural land and substitutes
should be researched tor current cadmium applications. It is proposed
that a phased Dan on the use of cadmium De introduced to aid control.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTABISArt; UlSKJbAL; ENV ihOSHENT; FOOD; UATl«5 ACC.NO.: OOS«4?^72 (15) bECOSDARi AUThOKi: KatZ H«
(16) CITATION: 40 (6) :J0b-j14, Hay-Jun. 19/t>.
207
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(\j SfciKi, ACC.KO.: 0 a
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CA IKGOfci : US (^J SubJ . i'iPis: G
(3) Abi'ICLE Tli'Lfc: Norrtorp ~ svenskt behandlinyscentruB ior
ailjolarligt avfall. (tlorrtorp - A bwedisa treatment center for toxic
and ttarnf ul waste) .
(4> AUTHOR: Forss troii A
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: KesiiSK i'iai>)crxit
(10) LANGUAGE : i,D (10) GEO. ARi,A: 1iU/2bR (10) PUB. 1£AR:: 1970
(11) ABSTRACT: Swedish Haste uonverticg Ab (SAKAb) have placed an
order with Gotaverken AuuteXniX Ab and t tie Shiss You Roll AG to pi aj» a
treatment plant for toxic and harmful waste aaterial. The plant is
expected to cost over 100 Billion crowns. Practically all tbe toxic and
harmful waste produced xa Saetteri would be treated at tne plant, and
would be brought there irosi the regional ieceiving stations. The
material would iiist be analyzed jn a iaCoraLory unct then incinerated
j,n a rotating turnace at tespccatur**^ uj, to 1^00 c. The tiue gases fro»
the furnace woulci be Cd.utj.oi.siy cleaiseo in an eiectro niter systen and
with water scruobers. The wnoie plant woula be enclosed, so that
conta nii»ated sinoKe, gases or water coold not leave the area, ^ut would
be continuously control leu 111 th*- lutioratwr j1 . Ail tne vehicles that
have delivered waste soulj 0e wusiieQ beioce leaving the treatmeat area.
Solvents woula be purified in a instillation system dud could tnen t»e
reused in the paint and ^ haraaceutxcai industries. «ater contaeinated
vaste oil would be separated ioi reuse. Beside-s the recovery o£
solvents ana oil, the pJant «iil s,e i-owerssU by a stea* driven
generator, jf a final order for the construction of the ^iaut is
received by April 1Si7b, the plunt will »e in xuncriou by tht aid
(Original test in Swedisn) .
(12) KEYBOBDSl ANALlfSli; HA/. AtsOuUS; luClh ttATIOfi ; LAbURATOHX : OIL;
PLAST-ISDUSTR1AL; KKCl-AflAriON ; SUi^VLNl'; SKEtlKW; TOXIC; ThEAl'M KNi'
(14) H1ERARCH TEhHS: 1HC/iAN ; 1tti_/-^r; 1"^
(ta) Sl'lKS ACC.No.: OOS4by9y (1b) secoSDAhx AU'i'fiuhS: Forsstrom,
A.
(16) CIIAriON: yO(2):13, Feb. 1^7b.
(1) SB18S ACC.NO.: Qi*753fa
(2) LioBESTlC: D (2J CATEUOkS: It (2} SUbJ.rYPh: G
(3) ASXICLE IITLii: Control of heavy metdlt. and tonic ttatericils in
municipal residues.
(4) AUTHOR: «eddlt- BK
(6) hiJOK TlTi-i;: In Composting 01 I'iunicipax residues and Sludges,
1377 National Conference, Aug. /3-2S, 1^?V.
(10) iANUUAGt: tH (10) Gt.O. AEi.A: 1CA; 1KJ/2SK; 1KU/2UK; 1US
(10) PUu. IttlAB: 19V8
(11) ABSTRACT: Criteiia ana i-egillations tor solid WciEte disposal
are considered in relation to the control 01 heavy metals aiid toxic
materials ia municipa.1. resiuues. both U.S. and toreigu envirouaental
controls are exdmined. Guidelines on the u.ddiij.oR 01 cadmium to
agricultural land in Sweden, Cauaaa, fcnylana, and the U.S. are
discussed. Guidance provided £>y son scientists and agronomists and
federal agencies concerned with the application oi cadmium to
agricultural lanu are reviewed. State guiuelines ana the Environmental
Protection Agency's technical bulletin on nunicipal t.iuaye maiiayenent
are discussed, as well as provisions of the Kesource Conservation and
Recovery Act. The latter act uennei. such imp or taut concepts as solid
waste, disposal, anu Hazardous *aste und proposes criteria that will
affect sludge lanageaent practices. (Ketainea in :>'»il
(1.6J C1T ATIOll: Bockvij-le, HU, luror aa tion i'ranstei, inc., 19/b.
p.H3-11b.
208
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(t) SHIRS 4CC.MO.: 047468
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SD6J.TYPB: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: The potential tor rational health and
environmental danages from industrial residue disposal.
(4) AUTHOR: Lazar EC
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal 01 Hesidues on Land Proceedings:
national Conference on Disposal ot Hesidues on Land, St. Louis, HO,
Sep. t3-1S, 1976.
(10) LAHGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. IEAK: 1977
(tlj ABSTRACT: The inadequacy ot existing methods of hazardous
vaste management is discussed. Prevailing hazardous vaste disposal
practices often result in the release of harmful (toxic or
carcinogenic) materials to the environment, causing injury to human
health and also enrironmeutal ana economic damage. The area oi concern
is the impact of these disposal practices on human health. The effects
are costly chronic, following years ot exposure to trace amounts of
toxicants. Of over 400 Hazardous waste disposal related damage
incidents documented by the Environmental Protection Agency*s Office of
Solid Vaste Management Programs, the majority relate to groundwater
contamination. Host cases ot detected groundwater contaminations affect
water supply wells. Of approximately 35 million metric tons of
potentially hazardous waste generated by major industries, existing
methods of management may not oe adequate to prevent their escape into
the environment. Over 60S of potentially hazardous waste goes to
landfills, dumps, and surface impoundments. Host areas ot industrial
concentration, and consequently disposal sites, are located in wet
regions of the country where precipitation exceeds evapotrauspiration
potential, increasing the likelihood of soil infiltration and runoff.
Host areas of industrial concentration are underlain by grounduater
aguifers vulnerable to pollutants, (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; .EBVIBONHi-HT; GROUND WATEis; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; IMDUSTR*; RESIDUE
(14) H1EBARCH TERBS: 1GU; IhC/aDP; la£
(15) STI«S ACC.NO.: OGS46522 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Giles AB;
Testani 8
(16) CITAT10S: Kocfcviile. Kit, Information Transfer Inc., 1977.
p.196-202.
(t) SWISS ACC.HO.: 047341
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Qy (2} SUBJ.TJCPi;: S
(4) ADTHOR: Thoaann KV
(5} CORPORATE AUTHOR: Hanhdttan College
(6) HOOK TITLE: Size Dependent Kodel of hazardous substances in
Aquatic Food Chain. (b) REPOHT NO.: EPA-600/3-7b-03b
(9) GRANJ' 80.: h&036ao030
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GKO. AfiiiA: tuS/2N^ (10) PUB. YhAR: 197d
(11) ABSTRACT: A model or toxic substance accumulation is
constructed ttiat introduces organism size as an additional independent
variable. The model represents an ecoiogical continuum tnrougn size
dependency; classical compartment analyses are there!ore a special case
of the continuous model. Size aepenuence is viewed as a very
approximate ordering of trophic position. The analysis of some PCo data
in LaKe Ontario is used cis an illustration of the theory. A completely
nixed water volume is useu. Organism size is considered from 100
micrometer to 10 (6) micrometer. PCa data were available for o4 urn net
hauls, alevife, smelt, sculp in and coho salmon. The analysis indicated
that about 30* of the observed b.i> microgram ^Cb/gn fish at the coho
salmon size range is due to transfer froi lower levels in the food
chain and aoout 703t from direct water intake. The model shows rapid
accumulation of PL'S vitn organise size due principally to decreased
excretion rates and decreased oiomass at higher trophic levels. The
analysis indicates that if a level ot b microgram PCB/gm at 10(6)
micrometer is sought, total (uissolvea aua particulate) water
219
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
concentration would have to de about J6 ng/1 or about 66X of the
present 55 ng/1. (Retained in SKIBS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTAMINATE; HAZARDOUS; MATHEMATICAL HODBL; NEW
YORK; POLLUTION; TOXIC; WATER; WATERWAY
(14) HIEKARCH TERMS: 1HC/2AH; U'H; 1WV2AH
(15> STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46J96
(16) CITATION: Duluth, HI, U.s. Environmental Protection Agency.
Apr. 1978. 40p. J
(t) SklRS ACC.80.: 047249
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
{3J ABTICLE TITLE: 'Line .
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig M
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic rtetals: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: EM {10} PUB. iEAis: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
zinc are considered. The nsot common effects ot zinc poisoning in
humans are nonfatal «etal fuse lever caused by the inhalation of zinc
oxide fumes and illnesses arising from the investion of acidic foods
prepared in zinc galvanized containers. Data on zinc emissions are
tabulated, and methods for the detection of zinc and its compounds are
described. Environmental standards lor zinc, the removal of zinc: from
air and water, the disposal ot solid zinc waste, and the economic
impact of pollution control are discussed. (Retained in SWIKS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CONTROL; IJlifuSAL; EHVIROKMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; BETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; WATKH
(14) H1ERARCH TEEMS: IHC/^AM; 1HC/2DP; 1HE; 1flK/2ZI; 1T»
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46303
(tb) CITATION: Par* Ridge, NJ, noyes Data Corporation, 1976..
p.339-349.
(1) SWIRS ACC.MO.: OM7248
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Os (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: Vanadium.
{<*) AUTHOR: Sittig M
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Hetals: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection.
(10) LAHGUAGE: EH (10) PDB. YEAK: 197fa
(11) ABSTRACr: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
vanadium, a relatively abundant eleaent in the earth's crust, are
considered. Vanadium is toxic to humans and animals through tne
inhalation of relatively low concentrations, it can inhibit the
synthesis of cholesterol ana other liquids, cysteine, amino acids, and
hemoglobin. Low concentrations also act as strong catalysts on
serotinin and adrenaline. Chronic exposure to environmental air
concentrations of vanadium is statistically associated with the
incidence of cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Human
exposure to high concentrations of the element result in: irritation of
the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, anorexia, coughing,
hemoptysis, the destruction of epitheiiun in the lungs and kidneys,
pneumonia, bronchitis and oronchopneuaonia, tuberculosis, and effects
on the nervous system. Major sources of vanadium emissions are
metallurgical processes producing vanadium emissions are metallurgical
processes producing vanadium aetal ana concentrates, the alloy
industry, the chemical industry, power plants and utilities, and coal
and oil refining industries, bata on vanadium emissions are provided,
and methods for its detection and analysis are described. Environmental
standards for vanadium, the removal of the element from air and water.
and tae disposal of solid vanadium waste are discussed. (Retained in
SWIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; COMTKOL; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; METAL; POLLUTIOS; TOXIC; WATKR
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HC/2AH; 1ttC/2DP; 1HE; 1MK; 1TM
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS46302
(16) CITATIOB: Park Ridge, NJ, Soyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.326-338.
210
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METALS AND iOXIC SUBSTANCES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047246
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2} CtTEGOkX: U9 U) SUBO.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Selenium.
(4) AOTHOB: Slttig H
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Metals; Pollution Control and Worker
Protection.
(101 LANGUAGE: iJB (10) PUb. Y£AK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control Qjicl worker protection aspects of
selenium, a byproduct of copper recovery, are considered. Selenium
compounds are particularly the water soluble compounds are toxic to
humans and animals. In buaans, mild inhalation of selenium dust, runes,
or vapors irritates the asea Lraues of the eyes, nose, throat, and
respiratory tract and causes iacntation, sneezing, nasal congestion,
and coughing. Prolonged exposure through inhalation can cause narked
pallor, a coated tongue, gastrointestinal disorders, nervousness, and a
garlic odor of breath and sweat. The selenium content of air averages
O.OOt mg per cu •. Methods rot the detection and analysis ot selenium
are described. Environe»ntal standards tor selenium, the removal of
selenium fro* air and water, the disposal of solid selenium waste, and
the economic iapact ot pollution control are discussed. (Retained in
SHIRS library) .
(12) KBXBOBDS: AIE; COSXKU^; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; BETAL; POLLUTION; TuXiC; WATER
(1«») HIERARCH TERMS: 1HC/2AH; 1HC/2DP; 1hfc; IflK; ITfl
(15) STias ACC.NO.: OOS46300
(t6) CITATION: Park Ridge, NJ, hoyes Data Corporation, 19 V6.
p. 303-3 18.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAi'EuOtU: 0^ (^) SUbJ.TJPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLi,: Bickel.
(4) AOTHOS: Sittig B
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic fletais: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection .
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUct. YEAK: 1y7b
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control aiia worker protection aspects of
nickel are considered. Nickel is one of the relatively nontoxic metals
found in hunan tissues, ranking in this respect with iron, cobalt,
copper, and zinc. Nickel and its compounds are of concern as air
pollutants, however, because haraiui effects of exposure to the* nave
been observed along industrial workers. Exposure to airborne nickel
dust and vapors lay produce cancer oi the lungs and sinuses, other
disorders of the respiratory systea, and deraatitis. The chronic and
acute toxicity of nickel is exaained, as well as allergies and
sensitization and the carcinogenicity of nickel. Ihe nost likely
sources of nickel in the air appear to ue emissions fro* metallurgical
plants using nickel, engines burning fuel containing nickel additives,
and plating plants. Data on nickel exissions and concentrations are
provided, and aethods for its detection are described. Environmental
standards for nickel, the removal of the compound from air and water,
the disposal of solid nickel waste, and the economic impact of
pollution control are discussed. (Retained in SwIHS liorary) .
(12) KEYWORDS: Alk; CuNTKOl.; DIM'OSAL; ENVlitONHENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; WA1JS.K
(14) HIERA8CH TEfiflS: 1HC/2AH; tfiC/2DP; 1H£; 1BK/2SI; 1TB
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00346299
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge, 8J, aoyes Data corporation, W/6.
p. 263-302.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047244
(2) DOHESXIC: D (2) CAfEviOKTf: G* (2) SUUJ.l'YPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Holy bdenuB.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig »
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Metals: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection .
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUii. itAK: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control aud worker protection aspects of
•olybdenum, a constituent or certain enzymes and minerals, are
211
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
considered. Molybdenum haE u relatively IOB order 01 tx.>xicity. Despite
tae fact that humans «tie exposed to rather nigh amounts of molybdenum
primarily via food, there is no buostontiai aae related accumulation of
it in the body, Methods lor the detection ot aolyudeuum are described,
and information on sources and emissions of molybdeii in i& presented.
The tolerance tor molybdenum in irrigation water is only u.UCo »g/l for
continuous use, with the tolerance on A short tern us«- iiatsis in nne
textured soil being 0.05 mg/i. EnwiroaaentaJ standards lor molybdenum,
tne re»oval or the compound frosi uii and Mater, and the disposal of
solid molybdenum waste are discussed. (Ketaiued in SwlKt. library) .
(12) KEYrfOfiDS: AIR; COSTHOi,; uIStoiAL; fc'HKIROHBLUT; HAZARDOUS;
HiiALTH; BKTAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; SAl'EK
(14J HIEBAKCH TEKHS: IHC/^AN; 1UC/2I.P; Irii; 1SK; 1TB
(1b) ST1B5 ACI..NO.: OC54o29ii
(16) CITAT10S: ParK Kidi.e, »J, doyes Data Corporation, 197fci.
p.277-2d2.
(1) SKlffb ACC.SO.: O
(2} DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGOky: C^ (2) SUbJ.TYPE: S ; 'f
(3) AHTlCLi, TITLE: Mercury.
(4) AUTHOR: Slttig a
(6) aOOK TITLE: In Toxic netdJS; Pt>Lj.ution Control and Worker
Protection .
(10J LANGUAGE: LB (10J i>Jb, il.AM 1>'7b
(11) ABSTRACT: PollutiOL control and worker protectj.-.m aspects of
• ercury are considered. The tjxicit*- of aiercury varies greatly with its
Chemical fora, rtonovaleiit mercury is relatively uontotic dut± to the low
solubility of its salts. Tissues; and t-ry throc^ tes, however, can oxidize
•onovalent aercury to highly toxic divalent mercury, uryanic mercury is
also nighly toxic. Elemental nercur^, botu in liquid and vapor fori, is
equally toxic due to its lipid soluointy, lack ot charge, and seabrane
permeability. Usually xn trace amounts, mercury ia tound throughout the
ecosystea, in soil, water, air, and living species. Hazards of sercury
are related to its toxicity ana the localized occurrence of high
concentrations of aercury in the envnonnent . Data on mercury emissions
are tabulated. Flow diagrams of mercury recovery using 1973 and 1i*83
technology are included, Hercury losses fro» industrial processes are
examined, and analytical aetnods lor the detection of mercury are
described. Environmental staudaras tor *ercury, the removal of mercury
from air and water, the disposal of solid mercury waste, ana the
economic impact of pollution control are discussed. (Retained in SrilKS
library) .
(12) RECORDS: AIB; coNxaoL; DISPOSAL; ENVIBONKENJ.'; HAZAKDOUS;
HEALTH; HEl'AL; POLLUT10M; TOXIC; WAl'fih
(14) HIERABCH TERMS: 1HC/2AN; 1HC/2>yP; 1H£; 1flK; tTB
(15) ST1SS ACC.NO.: 00346297
(16) CIXATION: Park fcidcje, SJ, Koyes i
-------
METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
removal of the compound froa air and water, the disposal of solia
•anganese waste, aad the economic impact of pollution control are
discussed. (Retained in SM1RS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: AIH; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; EimaoHMEN'i!; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; KATEK
(14) U1BRARCB TERRS: 1HC/2AN; 1BC/2DP; 1HE; 1MK; 1TB
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: DOS46/96
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge, NJ. Hayes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.184-203.
04 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: S;
Pollution Control and Horfcer
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047241
12) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY:
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Lead.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig B
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Hetais:
Protection.
(tO) LANGUAGE: £11 (10) POfc. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
lead are considered. Numerous studies on the health eifects of exposure
to lead are cited. Major stationary sources ot lead are the primary aad
secondary smelting of lead, the saeitincj of crass, nonferrous
foundries, storage battery manufacturing, paint manufacturing, and
glass and insecticide manufacturirig. uata on lead eiissions and lead
levels in industrial wastewater are tabulated. Hethods for the
detection of lead are described. Occupational exposure to inorganic
lead should be controlled so that workers are not exposed to a
concentration gceater than 0.15 »g per cu a, determined as a tiae
weighted average exposure for an eight hour day. Enviionaental
standards for lead, the removal of lead fro* air and water, tne
disposal of solid lead waste, and the economic impact of pollution
control are discussed. (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; ENVIKOMMEKT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLOT10H; TOXIC; HATER
(14) H1BRABCH TERHS: 1HC/2AN; 1HC/2DP; 1HE; 1MK/2LB; 1TH
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS4b295
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge. NJ, tioyes Data Corporation, 197b.
p. 155-183.
OS (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S; I
(1) S8IRS ACC.NO.: 047240
(2) D08ESTIC: 0 (2) CATESORX:
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Indium.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig H
(6) BOOK TITLK: In Toxic Metals: Pollution Control and UorKer
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) fUB. lEAtt: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
indium, a compound that improves corrosion resistance and increases
hardness and fatigue resistance in electrical components, are
considered. Indium and most oi its compounds are considered to be
moderately toxic irritants. Hhen ingested or inhaled, however, indium
is severely toxic. The environmental hazard iron indium appears to
result from the use and disposal of radioactive isotopes and not iron
chemical toxicity. Methods for the detection of indium are described.
Environmental standards for indium, the removal or the compound iroa
air and water, and the disposal 01 indiu* solid waste are discussed.
(Retained in SM1RS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; MAl'EH
(14) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1HC/2AH; 1bC/2UP; 1HE; 1HK; 1TM
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS46294
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge, NJ, Noyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.149-154.
213
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SMIHS ACC.HO.: 047*139
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUW.TTPE: S; X
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Copper.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig M
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic hetals: Pollution Control and Moiker
Protection.
(10] LANGUAGE: £M (10) PUB. YEAH: 1976
(11} ABSTRACT: pollution control and worker protection aspects of
copper, used widely in industry, are considered. The toxicity of copper
salts is examined, based on various experimental studies. Primary
sources of copper in industrial waste streams are metal process
pickling baths and plating baths. Copper Hearing acid mine drainage
also contributes significant quantities of dissolved copper to waste
streams. Soluble copper waste is of particular concern because of its
high degree of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Copper can be monitored
in the air by emission spectroseopy and atone absorption. Copper can
be Monitored in water fly atonic fluorescence, electrochemical
•techniques, spark source mass spectroaetry, aud xray xluorescence.
Environmental standards for cupper, the removal of copper from air and
water, the disposal of solid copper waste, and the economic impact of
pollution control are discussed. (Retained in Shifts library).
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HBALXS; HETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; WATtfi
(14) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1HC/2AN; 1HC/2DP; 1HE; 1BK/2C4; 1TB
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS46293
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge, NO, Moyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.132-148.
(1) SBIES ACC.NO.: 047238
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SCbJ.TXPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Chromium.
(4) AOTHOfi: Sittig H
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Metals: Pollution Control and worker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: tN (10) PUb. XEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
chroiiua, occurring in nature primarily as chronite or as chrome iron
ore, are considered. The exposure of industrial workers to airborne
chro»iu« compounds and chromic acid lists, particularly hexavalent
chroiates, can cause irritation of the skin and respiratory tract,
dermatitis, perforation of the nasal septum, ulcers, and cancer of the
respiratory tract. Chroftiua aetal is thought, to be noutoxic. liexavalent
compounds appear to be auch more narmlul than trivalent conpounds, with
toxic effects depending on solubility. Data on sources ana estimates of
chromium containing emissions in 1970 are provided. Methods for the
detection of chromium and environmental standards for chromium are
described, 'the removal of chromium from air and water, the disposal of
solid chromium waste, and the economic impact of pollution control are
discussed. (Retained in Swifts library) .
(12) (LEY WORDS: AItt; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; iSN VIKOHHENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; WATEk
(14) HIERARCa TERMS: 1HC/2AK; 1HC/2DP; 1HE; 1MK; 1TM
(15) SUMS ACC.SO.: OOS46292
(16) CITATIOH: Park Ridge, tiJ, koyes uata Corporation, 1976.
p.97-131.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 047237
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOfcl: 09 (2) SHtJ.lTPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Cadmium.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig M
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Hetals: Pollution Control and worker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and woriter protection aspects of
cadmium, often used as an anticorrosion coating agent on outdoor
fittings and a byproduct of zinc smelting, are considered. Caduium has
unquestioned chronic toxicity leadinc, to serious pathological
consequences when ingestea in quantities only three to 13 times greater
214
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
than average intake rates. Health effects of cadmium, both proven and
probable, include increased blood pressure, increased incidence o±
arteriosclerotic disease, and reduced life expectancy. Cadmium is
ingested froa d number of sources, such as air, food, and tooacco.
Studies indicate that the averaye U.S. adult ingests 50 to 60
micrograms of cadmium per day, with Bust passed through the body. Data
on cadmium emission estimates are provided, rue me tali; industry is the
major source of cadmium emissions to the atmosphere. Cadmus dusts and
fumes are produced in the extraction, refining, and processing of
Metallic cadmium. Principal sources oi aqueous cadniua waste are noted,
and various methods for tne detection of cadmium are described.
Environmental standards for cadmium, the removal of cadaium from air
and water, the disposal of solid cadmium waste, and tne econoaic impact
of pollution controls are discussed, (Retained in SrflKS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; ENVIROSHENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLUT10M; TOXIC; WA'i'Eh
(14) HIERABCH TEBHS: 1HC/2AH; 1HC/2UP; 1H1S; 1flK; 1TH
(15) STIHS ACC.MO-: OOS46z91
(16) CITATION: Park fiidge, ttJ, Noyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p. 73-96.
(t) SKIBS ACC.KO.: 047230
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2} bU&J.TYPE: i»; I
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Boron.
(4) AOTHOB: Slttig B
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic Hetals: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection.
(10> LANGUAGE: £i (10) PUB. JfEAtt: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
boron, used primarily in glass making, are considered, in general,
boron compounds are toxic to humans aud animais when ingested. Data on
boron emissions in the U.S. as of 1*73 are tabulated. To detect boron
in airborne contaminants collected in air filters, a small portion ot
the filter is rolled up into a cylinder and placed in a hollow graphite
electrode. This portion of the filter is directly excited by a
condensed spark discharge in an oxygen atmosphere, nith sample imrns
producing spectra. Other devices and techniques for the detection of
boron are described. The permissible boron limit in donestic water and
in irrigation irater is 1.0 ppi. There are no particular handling
procedures for boron oxide and salts except to avoid their ingestion.
Boron trichloride requires labeling since it is a corrosive liquid. The
removal of boron from air and water and the disposal ot solid boron
waste are discussed. (Retained in SWIKS library).
(12) KEYBORDS: Alfc; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; EBUKOKMEST; flA^AhuOUS;
HEALTH; flETAL; POLLCTIOti; TO*1C; WATEK
(14) HIERABCH TEKHS; 1BC/2A»; 1HC/2JJP; 1HE; 1MK; 1TB
(IS) STIB3 ACC.NO.: OOStb^O
(16) CITATIOS: Park Bidge, *U, Uoyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.61-72.
(1) SWIRi> ACC.NO.: 0<*7235
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.l'YPE: S; !
(3) ARTICLE TITLr.: Beryllium.
(U) AUTHOR: Sittxg H
(6) bOOK TITLE: In Toxic Hetais: Pollution Control and worker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PBB. itEAh: 1976
(11) ABST&ACP: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
baryllium, used primarily in beryllium copper alloy and beryllium metal
production, are considered. Almost ail known Beryllium compounds are
acknowledged to be toxic in both soiuole and insoluble iorii,, depending
on the amount of material inhaled ana the lengtn of exposure. Soluble
beryllium compounds such as beryllium suliate and beryllium chloride
commonly cause acute pneumonitis. Insoluble compounds such as metallic
beryllium and beryllium oxiae can produce chronic pulmonary disease
(berylliosis). Industries are the major potential sources of joeryiliua
in the atmosphere. The most common method o± sampling beryllium
215
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
concentrations in air is the use of a. high voiuae sampler which draws
air to ko analyzed through a filter tor tne specified sampling period.
Other methods tor the detection of beryliiua are iiescrioed. Standards
proposed for berylliuai exposure and handling by tne National Institute
for Occupational safety and Healtfi are noted. The removal ot berylliun
from air and water, the disposal of solid beryllium waste, and the
econo»ic impact ot pollution control are aiseusseo. (netaitied in 5WIB3
library).
(12) KEYWORDS: Ala; CONi'KuL; UlsJ-OSAL; EN KlHOMM fcSX; HAkiAKDOUS;
HEALTH; HETAL; POLLUTION; TuXlC; xAl'KK
(14) HIERAhCH TERMS: 1HC//A1*; 1bC/2i)P; 1Hu; IrtK; MB
STIMS ACC.NO,: COS4623*
CITATION: Park Sidge, NJ, Noyes uata corporation, 1976.
(1) SW1RS ACC.HO.: 0472.14
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOK*: ua (2) SUbJ.TYPE: S; '!'
(3) AHTICLE TIl'LK: Barium.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig M
(6) bOuK TlTLi: in Toxic Metais: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection,
(10) i,A«GUAGi': r;il (10) PUb. IEAK: 1^76
(11) ABSl'RACr: foliation coutroi «nd worker protection aspects of
Dari.u», a suita»le «ej.ghtiutj ajeiit tor oxo. and yas wfej.1 ariiliug auds,
are considered, ntnen ureathed or bWalioved, o^riua »ay show unimal
toxxcity; however, it aay accuauldte j.n the lungs and caui;e miid lung
disease. Added to die^ej. oil to control saoke in exhausts, it appears
in high concentrations oehiad idiina Diises and trucks. According to the
Bureau ot Bines, there are no environaencal pioblems associated with
the siniug and beneticiatioii 01 i;ar-ium otaer than the norfflai land
disturbance generally resulting iroa aiae operations. Jjusts and fuaes
ot nariu» coapounds aay bt collected oy any 01 the usuaj. methods for
particuidte matter collection, for concentrations o± i>ariui» encountered
in ambient air, sampling aust be done with aeibraiie filters. The
peraissible concentration ol carium in domestic *ater supplies is 1.0
ppffi. Xhe removal of bariun troa air and water and the disposal ol solid
QAriua waste are discussed, (retained in SWIR^ library) .
(12J KEJ«08Di>: Alft; CONl'Rul.; DliJ'JSAL; tM ViKONWiiNi'; UAZAii^OUS;
KiiALTH; SETAL; POLLU110N; TUXJC; wATin
(tt) HIEBAHCH TEKfli.: 1hL/2A«; 1bC/2DP; IHt; i«K; 11'fl
(tb) SUMS ACC.NO.: OO^Mb :-8fa
(16) CITATION : i>are collected on a
celiuiosfe membrane niter. Various otuer analytical aethods for the
detection of arsenic are described, ttie National Institute ior
Occupational Safety aad Health rtcommenas that worker exposure to
arsenic and its inorganic compounds De controlled, Inoxyanic arsenic
should i»e controlled ££> thjt ao worker is exposed to « concentration in
excess ol 0,002 »g per cu m ot axr, as determined by a 15 minute
saapiing period. The reioval of arsenic fro« air and wattr and the
216
-------
METALS -AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
disposal of solid arsenic waste are discussed. (Retained in SwIRS
library) .
(12) KBYWOBDS: Alh; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HBALTB; METAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; KATEH
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HC/2AN; 1hC/2DP; IHt; IfiK; Vi'H
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46287
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge, NJ. hoyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p. 19-34.
(1) SMI8S ACC.NO.: 047232
(2) DOMESTIC: D {2} CATEtiOiU: 09 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S; T
(3) ABTICLE TITLK: Antiicony.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig ft
(6) BOOK TITLE: Jn Toxic fletals: Pollution Control and tiorker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: £N (10) PUb. TEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
antimony, found primarily in nineral ores, are considered. Occupational
exposure to antimony ore, pure antimony, and antinony oxides nas been
implicated in an increased Incidence of pneuaocouiosit,, a disease of
the lungs caused Dy the habitual inhalation ot irritant Minerals or
•etallic particles. Potential exposure comes iron foou ana fluids in
contact with: ceraaic enaaels, pewter, and oritannia *etal; lro«
clothing impregnated with aatinony trioxide for flameproofing; and fro*
air in dust from the wear of rubber aud fumes of type metal.
Traditional analytical methods are available for determining antimony
concentrations in ores, minerals, and even ratter dusts, although
precision instrumental methods are required in the trace analysis of
this material and its compounds iu air, water, and biological
speciments. The release into the environment of antimony and its
compounds is provisionally united to contamination levels of 0.005 ppm
in air and 0.05 ppa la water. Exposure to antimony dust and its salts
can cause dermatitis. Antimony vapors, when inhaled, can cause
respiratory and gastrointestinal problems. Under certain conditions,
antimony dust or valors can also constitute a tire hazard. The removal
of antimony fron air and water and the disposal oi solid antimony waste
are discussed, (fcetained in SWIHS library).
(121 KEXWOBDS: AIK; CONTBUi-; DIbPuaAL; KfiVIhONHEMl; HAZAfiDOUS;
HKALTH; HETAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC; NATiit
(14) H1EKARCH XfiRBb: 1HC/2AN; 1HC/2DP; 1H£; 1BK; ITrt
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46^ao
(16) CITATION; Paik Ridye, NJ, aoyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.7-1U.
(1) ShlBS ACC.rfO.: UJ4723I
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATtGOto*: 0» (2) SUaJ. VltK: S; X
(<«) AUTHOR: Sittig fl
(6) BOOK TlTLt: Toxic aetals: Pollution control atiJ worker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: £« (1u) PUb. *EAh: 1a76
(11) ABSTRACT: The prevention oi toxic *etals poisouiug in
industries and in the general environment is considered in tnis 30th
volume oi the Jtoyes Data Corporation'^ Pollution Technology Review
Series. Detailed consideration is given to the following metals:
antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper,
indium, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, tin,
vanadium, and zinc. Eacn toxic metal is examined in terms of toxicity,
extent of exposure, detection, environmental standards, handling
procedures, removal from air, removal from water, solid waste disposal,
and economic impact of controls. (Retained in S«InS library).
(12) KEYKOB0S: COkTKOL; DISPOSAL.; ENVIRONMENT; hAk.Ai(DOUS; HEALTH;
BABAGEMEHT; METAL; POLLUTION; TOXIC
(14) aiEKAHCU TEHMi: 1UC/2AM; IHC/^tfP; 1Hh; 15S; 1TH
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS4o2Cl5
(16) CITATlOfc: Park kidge, -NJ, Noyes Data Corporation, 1976. 3iO p.
217
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO-: 047062
(2) DOBEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2} SUfaJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Estimated arsenic waste generation.
(4) AOTBOB: Blumentnai JL
(5) CORPORATE AUTUOfi: TUB systems Group
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Hazardous Haste Disposal Program, Eighth Monthly
Report.
(8) NTIS NO.: PB-257 331 (8) REPORT HO.: XBI*-214b5-6008-T(>-00
(9) CONTRACT NO.: £PA-66-03-OGtt9
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) POb. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Estimates of arsenic conpound waste generated by
various industrial sources in the U.S. are tabulated. The estimates are
in terms of Bureau of Census regions. Two categories of arsenic
compound waste are considered: (1) arsenic oxide released to the
atmosphere in the burning of coal for power generation; and (2) arsenic
oxide recovered as a component o± pctrticuiate Batter from the refining
of copper, lead, and zinc ores. Soil contaminated by the continued use
of arsenic-containing pesticides is also covered in the estimates.
(Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYHORDS: AIH; CHEMICAL; CONTAINER; EARTH; FOSSIL FUEL;;
GENERATION,; HAZARDOUS; BETAL; PESTICIDE
(14) BIERABCH TERMS: 1HC; 1MK; 1PJ
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46115 (15) SECONDARY AOTHOHS: Clausen JF;
Dal Porto Df
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1972. p.319-321.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 047061
(2) DOMESTIC: I) (2) CATEGORI: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Estimated mercury waste generation.
(4) AUTHOR; BluBenthal JL
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: TRW Systems Group
(6) BOOK TITLE: in Hazardous Haste Disposal Program, Eighth Monthly
Report.
(8) ITIS MO.: PB-237 331 (8) RKPuBT BO.: XBH-2l4S5-600b-TO-00
(9) CONTRACT »0.: EPA-68-03-0089
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) FOB. TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The generation of waste containing Mercury is
suaiarized in tabular form. Tvo sources of waste are paint nanojlactute
and use, where organic mercury coipounds are the active ingredient in
anti-fouling and aildew-resistant paint. Hercnry in brine sludge is
cogputed on the basis of 12 Ics of eercury per ton of chlorine. Mercury
fungicide waste is calculated on the ixtsis of pesticide distribution
throughout the U.S. The electrical apparatus estiaate is based on
population distributions and. the assumption that 50* of the annual
production of mercury and aercury compound-containing devices goes into
the waste stream annually. Estimates of stored surplus or obsolete
materials from the military inventory are also presented. (Retained in
SHIRS library).
(12) KEItfORDS: GENERATION; HAZARDOUS; MKHCUKY; PAINT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HC; 1HK
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS46114 (15j SECONDARY AUTHORS: Clausen JF;
Dal Porto DF
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1972. p.315-317.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 047060
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORX: 09 (2) SOBJ.TTPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Estimated lead waste generation.
(4) AUTHOR: flluaenthal JI
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: TRH Systeas Group
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Hazardous Haste Disposal Program, Eighth Monthly
Report.
(8) NTIS NO.: PB-257 331 (6) REPORT NO.: TRH-2148S-6008-TO-00
(9) CONTRACT NO.: EPA-68-03-0089
(10) LANGUAGE: £K (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The generation of waste from two sources of lead
compound-contaminated waste is summarized in taoular form. The tirst
218
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
source is paint manufacture where lead cogpounds, primarily uaSic lead
carbonate, are used tor piyaents. The paint sludge estisate is 0.'1>X of
paint, manufactured in vats ana is distributed by Bureau ot Census
regions for manufacturers withover '20 employees, old paint estinates
assume that 10* of all paint manufactured is discarded in the
containers in which it is sold. Lead xu urine siuage is the second
source of lead compound-contemned waste, (detained in i>*)IBi> library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: COHTAHIS ATi.; GKSERATlOSi; HAZ.ARDODS; HEfAL; PAINT;
SLUDGE
114) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HC; 1BK/21.B
(15) i>TIHS ACC.NO.: QOS4t>113 (1i>) SECONDAhl AUTHuKS: Clausen JF;
Dal Porto DF
(IbJ CITATION: Washington, DC, U,i>. tnvirokisental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1972. p.311-j13.
(1) SHIBS ACC.HO.: 0<*70W»
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CA'i'KGORr: 0* (2) bUbJ .Tiffc: (i
(3) ABT1CLK TITLE: Esti»ated caa»iu« «aste generation.
(4) AUTHGB: blumenthal JL
(5) CORPORATE AUtBOB: TRW SysteBi. Group
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Hazardous; xatite Disposal Prograt, iiiynth flonthly
Beport.
(8) mis HO.: Pb-257 J3 1 (fa) HEtGfif KO . : ?k*~21-6QGfa-TO-00
(9) COHTEACT MO.: EPA-6&-03-0089
(10) LANGUAGE: KN (10) PUb. YEAfc: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Estiaates ot soluble cddiiui waste generated by the
electroplating industry in the U.S. are presented in tabular torn. Data
are generally given in terns ot bureau of Census reyions. The
electroplating industry is the Bajor source oi soiuult- cudniue waste.
Other, sources of aqueous cadiiua waste are cadBiun coapouad
manufacturers, the paint industry, utd the plastic industry. The total
aiount of cadaiui waste generated in the U.S. was estimated Oy assuiing
that 18k of all cadiiua used lor electroplating is lost as waste.
Approximately eight Billion Ibs oi cadBiuc are used annually for
electroplating, and Ibi or this figure results in 1.44 million Ibs of
water-soluble cadaiua waste. This aaount of waste is distributed
geographically, based on a waste generation factor applied to each
state. Cadaium waste is in the iota of a dilute aqueous solution
coaposed of other heary netais, cyanides, and metal surface Cleaning
agents. Treatment is generally accomplished cy coagulation uitn
coaiercial grade liae, followed by seoiaentation and sand filtration.
Activated carbon beds an ion exchange units are also successful
treatment methods for aqueous cadaiua waste. (Retained in SHIRS
library).
(t2) KEYWORDS: GESERATIOH ; HAiAKiKJOS; RfcTAL; IREArHEMT
(14) EIERARCH TE&HS: 1HC; 1HK; 1T»
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS46112 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Clausen JJ?;
Dal Porto DF
(16) CIlATIOtf: Washington, uc, U.S. Environaental Protection
lyency, Sep. 1972. p.301-309.
(1) SHIRS ACC.UO-: 047041
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATfiGOBI: 09 (2) SUbJ.TXPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Profile reports: tnalliua (430) and thalliun
sulfate (431) .
(4) AUTHOR: bluaenthal Ji.
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ttttt Systems Group
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Hazardous haste Disposal Prograa, Eignth Monthly
Deport.
(8> STIS NO.: PB-257 331 (b) REPORT NO.: TRH-21UBi-b008-TO-00
(9) COBTRACT HO.: £PA-68-03-OOfa9
(10) LA1GDAGE: t» (10) PUB. 1EAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The hazardous properties of thallium and thallium
sulfate waste are discussed. Thalliun results as a byproduct in the
production of cadmium, and thallium and thallium i.ultate are used as
depilatories and in rodenticides and insecticides. On contact with the
skin, thallium and thallium compounds are readily solubilized by the
219
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
forma tiou of chloride winch then penetrates into the body, The toxicity
and epidemiology of the compounds are not intluenced by the mode of
entry. The most drastic clinical syaptoa is alopecia (ualdness).
Thallium and its compounds are diffused readily tnrough tne Dody and
•ay damage the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, Respiratory
failure and cardiac depression nave beea noted in laboratory animals.
The compounds are relatively unreactive. naste aanayeaeut practices for
the handling, storage, transportation, and disposal/reu^e ox thallium
waste are examined. 1'wo disposal options are noted: (1) stockpiling of
zinc dross containing trace quantities ot thallium; and (2) production
of thallium froa stockpiled zinc drots. Tae treatment of thalliam and
thalliun sulfate waste in natioual disposal sites is evaluated.
(Retained in SBIKS library).
(12) KEXKORDS: DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; HEALTri; HAM A^Uli,*!'; METAL;
SITES: TREATHEHT
(14) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1HC/2DP; 1BC/2PT; iHii; 1tlA/2l'U
(tSj STIMS ACC.NO.: 003<«bu9i* (15) 5EU>»I>AkJ AUTHORS: uluusen JP;
Dal Porto Df
(16) CITATION: Washington, i>L, O.b. Knvironmental Protectaoa
Agency, Sep. 1972. p.125-T32-
(1) SkllBS ACC.KO.: 04b657
t2) DOHEST1C: D (2) Ul'f£.GOhr: ^ (t) aUbd.i'YPE: S; 'i'
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Sludge treating process.
(4) AUTHOR: Fukushiaa F
(7) PATEfiT OATA: U.i>. Patent «o. 4,OS3,40l
(to) LANGUAGE: EH (1C] PUB. IEAK; 1*77
(.11) ABSTRACT: A process tor treating sludges containing »ei:cury,
cadaxua, lead or arsenic wii.1 coagulate and solidify the sludger. Hhen
a sulfur compound or colloidal sulfur is added to siuage in coamirjation
with a tiituninous emulsion, neavy aietals and other poisonous pollutants
ace converted to water insoluble or hardly soluble sulfur compounds.
They are readily removed from the separated water layer, tnhen an
inorganic coagulant or organic polymeric coagulant is added in
combination, the coagulating ana solidifying effects can be further
increased. The heavy metais and other pollutants fixed in the solid
layer are hardly dissolved out and tnerefore, tne separated solid cakes
can be used for reclaiming or as «ater shielding walls.
(12J KEYWORDS: HAZARDOUS; HETAL; ^ATEMT; POLLUTION; ,,A.Ui»GK; SULFUR;
TBEATHEflT; MATER
(t«») BlERABCa TEfeMi: 1HA/2I/P; 151/2SL; 1SP/2C1
(13) i>TIBS ACC.NO.: OOS4S709 (1i>) SECONDARi AUTHURi>: Koi^ayashi K;
Sugita T
(16) CITATION; Oojihon, Japan, tiled Nov. 2b, 197^ issued Oct. It,
1977.
(1) ShIHS ACC.UO.: 0«63a6
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2} SUBJ.TYPE: T
(5) CORPORATE AJTHOR: 0.s. Environmental Protection Agency
(6) hOOK TITLE: Assessment of Industrial Hazardous «(aste Practices
in the Hetal Smelting and Refining Industry. V. ill. Ferrous Smelting
and Refining. (0) REPORT NO.: Sii~145c.3 (9) CONTRACT SO.:
68-01-2604
(10) LANGUAGE: tN (10) POB. IEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Investigations were conducted, of on-land disposal of
process and pollution control residuals from the U.S. metal smelting
and refining industry. Results are given of studies on iron and steel
smelting and refining, iron and steel foundries, ferroalloys, a,nd other
primary metal products. Characteristics of each industrial sector,
including plant locations, production capacities, and smelting and
refining processes, were identified and described. Land-disposed or
stored residuals, such as slags, austs, and sludges, were identified
and characterized by physical and chemical properties. State, regional,
and national estimates were made of the total quantities of
land-disposed or stored residuals and potentially hazardous
constituents thereof. Current methods employed by tne ferrous metals
industry for disposal or storage of such residuals on lana are
described, i.e., lagoon storage of sludges and open dumping of sxags,
sludges, and dusts. Met hoas of residual treatment and disposal
220
-------
METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
considered adequate for health and environmental protection are also
described. Finally, the costs incurred by typical plants in each
smelting and refining category for current and environmentally sound
residual disposal or storage on land were estimated. (Retained in SWISS
library).
112) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; DUMPING; DUST; ECONOMICS; EBtf IRONHKBT;
HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; INDUSTRY; LAGOONS; LAND; BKTAL; OP£»; KEi'INKKY;
RESIDUE; SLAG; SLUDGE; STORAGE
(1*) HIEBABCH TERMS: 1DP/21N; 1HC/2DP; 1HC/2PT; 1ftI/2IH/3UP;
1BI/2M/3PT; 1SN ; 1SW/2MX
(15> ST1HS ACC.HO.: OOS45*»36
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, O.s. Environmental Protection
Agency. 1977. 149 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 046385
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(3) AkTICLE TITLE: Secondary non-rerrous smelting and refining of
copper, lead, and aluminum.
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Assessment of industrial Hazardous Haste
Practices in the netal Smelting and Refining Industry. V. II. Primary
and Secondary Vonferrous Smelting and Refining. (8) REPORT Nu.:
SW-145C.2 (9) CONTRACT NO.: 68-01-2604
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) PUB. 1EAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Investigative and analytical results of on-land
disposal or storage of process and pollution control residuals from
O.S. secondary nonferrous smelting and refining industries are
presented. Information is given on the copper, lead, and aluminum
industries in terms of plant location, production capacity, residual
identification and characterization, quantitative estimates of
residuals, current methods used for disposal or storage of such wastes,
methods of treatment and disposal considered environmentally sound, and
cost estimates for environmentally sound disposal or storage. (Retained
in SHIRS library) .
(12) KEYWORDS: ALUMINUM; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
INVESTIGATION; METAL; NON-FERROUS; RESIDUE; STORAGE
(14) HIERARCH TEBHS: 1HC/2DP; 1BC/2PT; 1MK/2AH; 1HK/2C4; 1BK/2LB
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO. I OOS45435
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, D.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. 1977. p.239-307.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 046303
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOHI: (it (2) SUBJ.rypE: T
(S) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Arthur D. Little, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment
Techniques foe Industrial Hastes. V. I.
(10) LANGUAGE: £• (10) PDB. TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The need for treatment processes which can detoxify,
destroy, or apply resource recovery principles to hazardous industrial
wastes is stressed. This study examined 47 unit engineering processes
for their applicability to the task of treating hazardous industrial
wastes. Some of these unit processes are commonly used lor industrial
waste treatment while others require turther fi&D efforts before they
will become commercially attractive. Four (dialysis, electrophoresis,
freeze drying and zone refining) were found not to be applicable to
waste treatment. Presented are comprehensive descriptions ol each ot
the unit processes, including information on the basic principles,
areas of application, economics, energy and environmental
considerations, and an outlook tor future use on industrial wastes. The
report serves as an up-to-date reference textbook on potential
treatment processes. (Retained in SUIRS library).,
(12) KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; ENERGY; ENVIRONHENT; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
PROCESS; REFUSE; RESEARCH; TREATMENT
(14) HIERAHCH TERMS: 1HC/2DP; 1HC/2PT; 1HV; U'V
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS45353
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1977. Various ^agings.
221
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 046247
(2) 00HEST1C: D (2) CATEGORI: 0* (2} SUfaJ.TXPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: tin.
(4) AUTHOR: Sittig M
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Toxic fletais: Pollution Control and Worker
Protection.
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) PUJ*. TEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTfiACT: Pollution control and worker protection aspects of
tin are considered. The toxicxty of inorganic and organic tin is
examined. Exposure to the dust or fuses of inorganic tin causes a
benign pneumoconiosis stannosis. drier contact, with organic tin
compounds nay cause acute skin burns. Epidemioiogical exposure to
inorganic tin and organotin is evaluated. The major source of tin
entering the environment is tin plate used to coat steel cans fur the
containment of food and other materials. Knvironmental standards for
tin, the removal of tin from aii and watert and the disposal of solid
•tin waste are discussed. Data on tin emissions are tabulated. (Retained
in SWISS library).
(12) KEYiOKDS: A1K; CONffiGL; DISPOSAL; ENVIHONHENT; HAZARDOUS;
HEALTH; METAL; POLLUTI08; TOXIC; WAXEK
(14) HIERA8CH TERHS: 1HC/2AN ; lbC/2'JP; 1HE; 1HK/2T1; 1TB
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: QOS46301
(16) CITATION: Park Ridge, NJ, iloyes Data Corporation, 1976.
p.319-325.
(1) SHIRS ACC.80-: 045U54
(2} DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGOfcl: 09 (2) SOBJ.fIPE; S; I
(6) BOOK TITUs: Disposal of Hazardous Hastes: Chromium Recycling.
(10) UkBGUAGE: EB (10) PUB. TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The hazardous nature of chromium is considered, and
methods for its disposal are discussed. Tnree chroniun applications are
of concern: metallurgical, chemical, and refractory. Only the chemical
application category presents significant pollution problems. An
overall «aste disposal plan in advocated in the form of setting up a
disposal system at the national level so that small and Bedxun size
enterprises can be provided with collective means to eliminate
pollution, caused by chromium in a technically and economically sound
manner. A detailed discussion of the three chroaiun groups is
presented. Consideration is given to the toxicity of chromiun,
triralent chromium, hexavalent ciiromium, and various sources of
chromium pollution. Pollution control techniques are described.
(Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS; CHBOHIUH; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; H£TAL;
POLLUTION; TOXIC
(14) HIEftARCH TB8HS: 1DI>/2Db; 1HA/2UF; Ifll; 1TD
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: 00544903
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty organization, Sep. 1976. 124
P-
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044816
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOSS: 20 (2) 6UBJ.TIVE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Hilson I)A
(6) BOOK TITLE: Recovery of Cadnium and nickel from Scrap
Batteries.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. lEAii: 1
-------
METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
cadaiun carbonate product contained 0.14 percent nickel and 0.12
percent cobalt impurity. Tne leachea plates were sseltea to d hign
nickel low iron alloy vitn no detectable amounts of cadaiun. (Retained
in SHIRS library).
{12} KEYWORDS: ACID; cOnPOSlTlOU; DATA; EtUIPtlEUT; LEACu; METAL;
SON-FEKBOUS; BECLAflATlOH; BESIDUE; SCKAP
(14) H1EBABCH IEBHS: 1HE/2MZ; 1bB
(IS) STias ACC-HO.: OOS<*3b61 (lt>j SECOhUARi AUTHORS: Biegard fcj
Jr
(Ifa) CITATION: Washington, uc, U.b. Department ot the Interior,
1971. 15 p.
(t) SHIRS ACC.flO.: 04U779
(2) DOBEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Stewart 1H
(5J CORPORATE AUTHOR: Walter C. McCrone Associates, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: The lapact o± Point and Son-Point Sources on Levels
of Haterborne Asbestos. Final Report-Part II Bon-point Sources and
Point Sources Manufacturing Asbestos Products. (B) REPORT NO.:
BPA-560/6-76-020 (9) CONTRACT HO.: EPA 68-01-2690
(10) LANGUAGE: E8 (10) GEO. AKEA: 1US/2DC (10) PUb. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The Oftice of toxic Substances ot the Environmental
Protection Agency has sponsored a nationwide survey to determine the
impact of point and nonpoint sources on levels ot waterborne asbestos.
Part I ot the final report presented the results of analyses of water
from the ten Regional cities. Part il of the final report, contained
herein, presents the results of the analyses of water from natural
sources and froa point sources Manufacturing asoestos products. Results
described indicate that waterborne levels of asoestos originating fro»
natural sources may be as high as 10 to the 8141 8 fibers per liter and
is subject to seasonal variation, where asbestos was found, fibers were
usually below 5 microneters in length. Levels of asbestos originating
fron asbestos product nanufacture may range froa Delow the detection
li«its of electron nicroscopy to values in excess ot 10 to the 12th
fibers per liter. Levels of asbestos, fioers above 5 microneters in
length were found in excess 01 10 to the 11th fibers per liter. The
•ajor inpact on tne environaent due to such sources would be expected
fro* asbestos paper plants which combine a nigh fiber content with a
large effluent flow. (Retained in SttiRS Library).
412) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; AbbESTGb; DATA; EPA; IHUOSThf; SITES;
WATEB
(14) HIERARCH TERHS: IHA/^HH
(15} STI8S ACC.NO.: OOS43fJ2!4 (15) SECONiiAfii AUTHOHS: duuecki HJ;
Putscher RE
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environaental Protection
Agency, Oct. 1976. 166 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 044637
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oy (2) SUbJ.TYPi.: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Kansas study sees end to export of hazardous
liguid, solid" wastes.
(6) JOURSAL TITLE: boliti Waste Systens
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1US/2KS (10) PUB. YEAR; 1y77
(11) ABSTRACT: Tftc article is a summary oi a report fro* the Kansas
Division of Environeeut, bureau ot Environmental Sanitation. The report
discusses the needs tor proper disposal ot Hazardous liquid and solid
wastes in Kansas, aud recoaaei»as> the lirst steps in establishing
workable hazardous waste «anage»ent Machinery. The primary current
aethod of disposing oi a&zardous naste in Kansas is exporting the
unwanted material to neighboring states. The state exports 57 percent
of all liguid wastes and 21 percent of soiid sludge mixtures containing
hazardous wastes. The report notes that Kansas cannot expect to
continue getting rid of hazardous waste this way ior auch longer, due
to high transportation costs and i-o^itical and legislative barriers.
The report points oat that a complete hazardous waste proyran nill
223
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
reguire several revisions ot the present Kansas Solid Haste aanageaent
Act- Four revisions are recommended.
(12J KKKHOKDS: DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; KANSAS; LIQUID; BBFUSE; SOLID
C\H) HIEHABCH TER8S: 1DU/2DH ; 1hA/2Uf; 1LU/2LG; 1HA/2MG
C15J STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS**3t>6/!
(16) CITATION: b(t):14-15, Aug. 1*77.
(1)
(2)
(*U
(5)
(6)
CATEtiOhX: 0* (2) SUBJ.TIPK:
SWISS ACC.NO.:
DOMESTIC: D (2)
AUTHOB: Fuller WB
CORPORATE AUTHOR: Univ of Arizona
BOOK TITLE: Movement of Selected netals, Asbestos, and Cyanide
in Soil: Applications to Haste disposal Prooleas. (e) REPORT NO.:
JBPA-6 00/2-77-0 20 (9) CONTRACT NU-: t>8-03-02GB
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. IEAB: 1977
(t1) ABSTRACT: This report presents information on Boveient of
selected hazardous substances in soil which can be applied to problems
of selecting and operating land disposal sites tor wastes containing
arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadaiua, chroiiun, copper, cyanide, iron,
lead, Bercury, seleniua, and zinc. The interaction is based on a
literature review, laboratory studies ot noveient of hazardous
substances through soil in «unicipai landfill leachate, and the
author's experience in soil science and waste disposal. The report also
presents general information on soils and geological naterials and
specific information on the chemistry of the selected hazardous
substances which is relevant to an understanding of their aigration in
soil. Critical infornation gaps are identified, particularly as regards
the cheaistry and soil adsorption behavior of mixtures of several
hazardous substances in the presence ol high concentrations or other
organic and inorganic somtes, a situation coixonly encountered in
leachates from aunicipal ana nazardous solid wastes. In spite of these
information gaps, it is concludeu that waste disposal practice can be
improved by application of ^resent inioraation. Tne report contains a
bibliography of b1 related citcitioni.. {hetaintd in SH18S librajry) .
(t2) KEYWOHDS: ASBESTOS; BlbLlOUKAPHX ; CH£B1CAL; CONTArtlNATK; DATA;
DISPOSAL; GEOLOGIC; GBOUBL »ATEb; HAZARDOUS; IJiDOSTKY; LJSACh; 11ETAL;
MDNIC1PAL1TI; POLLUTION; SOIL; ThANSFOftX
(t»»J HIERARCH I'EHBS: 16D; lhA/2iil'; 1LC; IflE; 1SJ
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: GOS4347&
(16j ClTATiOS: Cincinnati, OH, O.s. Environmental Protection
Agency, April 1977.
SUBJ.TXPE:
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: G*»3b3J
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOK1: 02
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Testing program.
(b) i>uuK TITLf: in Poe and Associates, sneiter Kesidut Report tor
North Central industrial t'ark, islaciiwell, OX;i«ihoffla.
(dj KTIS NO.: Pb 256 51u
(9) GBANt (iO.: CB-6-L't600
CIO) LANGUAGE.: kltt llO) UBU. ABEA: 10S/20K (10) PUL. Ii.Ai<; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A testing progras tfis mitiatea to provioe a basis
for the eli»iiiation ot residut aud pollution fro* zinc sneltincj
operations at an industrial park in blackweii, Oklahoma. Agricultural
test samples were collected,
-------
METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
silver. Tlie results ot tne testing program are presented in an appendix
to the report.
(12) KEHiORDS; AGRICULTURE; ANALYSIS; CHEH1CAL; INDUSTRY; HBTAL,
HON-FKRROBS; RESIDUE; SELEBIUB; SP^CTROGRAPHIC; TOXIC; WATER
(ttj H1SRABCH TEEMS: 1BA/2HF; 1IC/21Y
(15) STI8S ACC.NO.: OOSIOH; INCIBEHATOH; INDOSTRI; LAND;
MANAGBMEBT; HUNICIPALITi; PROCESS; REGIONAL; SITES; SLUDGE; SOLID;
TREATMENT; HASTE hATER
(14) BIERARCH TERMS; 1Di>/2DL; 1IA/2IM; 1BA/2MK; 1PB
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS42392 (1b) i>ECOS0A&Y. AUTHORS: Buebner DA;
Leighton 1W
(16) CITATION: Boston, KA, 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Nov. 1<47t>. 62 p.
(1) SSIRS ACC.HO.: 0<4313a
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oy (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTlCLt TITLE: Sources ot polychlorinated biphenyis in
Wisconsin.
(4) AUTHOR: Kleinert SJ
(6) JOURNAL riTLB: Wisconsin Natural Resources bulletin
(10) LANG0AGE: EH (10) GKO. AHEA: 1US/2WI (10) PUB. \£nK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A perspective on the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
problem io Wisconsin is presentea. studies have confirmed the presence
of PCfcs in fish in Lake Michigan and other waters of the state. Tae
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources has tound PCbs in municipal
waste water treatment plant eifluents and in effluents trom iron and
steel foundries, aluminum foundries, and paper mills recycling waste
paper. Because their solubility in writer is low, it is believed that
most of the PCBs discharged from paper mills are adsorbed on fibers and
particulate matter removed IB mill hatte water treatment systems.
Discharges of PCBs from pulp «ma paper mills recycling waste paper will
diminish as the tills meet discharge pecmit requirements. The
electrical industry also uses PCbs as dielectric fluids in some
capacitors and transtorsers. pioper disposal nt are necessary to prevent tneir release
to the environment. Fallout fcos th« air is another source of PCBs
antering the enviroanent.
«12} KEJ80RDS: CHLORINE; KPFLUEM; FlaEfc; PAPfcK; PLANT-IN UUSThlAL;
SOLUBILITY; HAS-fE BAl'KR ; wAI'EkWA!; hlbCONilN
(14J H1ERARCH TKhSS: 1HA; 1H.//17; 1KA/2WI,
(1b) STIMi ACC.NO,: OUS42/J1
(16) CITftTJLON : <*1 (1) : 1?-tj, Jan.-feu. 1i»7t.
225
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHXBS ACC.NO.: 043066
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBI: 0* (2) SUiiJ.TIPE: S; T
(3) ABTICLB TITLE: fieaoval oi lead from aqueous solution using
metallic magnesium,
(4) AUTHOR: uroun TT Jr
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: PPG Industries, Inc
(7) PATENT DATA: 0. S. Patent Ho. 4,010,136
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) PUB. lEAB: 1977
(.11) ABSTRACT: A method for removing dissolved organic lead from
aqueous streams using metallic magnesium is described. The solution, at
a pH of from seven to 11, is contacted with metallic maynesium in the
presence of chloride ion provided by hydrochloric acid or sodium
chloride. The temperature ot the solution should be in the range of 10
degrees to 110 degrees C. The time period for the reaction may range
froB one to 48 hours. Insoluble lead compounds are formed and lay be
separated from the aqueous solution to provide a solution containing
substantially reduced levels of dissolved organic lead. Generally the
water soluble organic lead compounds are found in the various wash
waters ot a tetraalkyllead plant. Typically, the contaminating soluble
organic lead compounds are trialkylle
-------
METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
described. Carbonaceous feed materials are reacted at high temperatures
to foci a product gas stream containing hydrogen suifide and coal, coal
char or other materials containing trace elesents are burned in a
combustion zone to generate process neat. Such pollutants can fce
readily removed Jay scrubbing the product gas and the flue gas produced
in the conbustion zone with water to remove water soluble constituents,
combining the two aqueous etfiuent streams, stripping gaseous
contaminants from the combined stream and then removing solids iron the
aqueous stripper effluent. Toxic trace element contaminants are
precipitated and recovered as insoluble sulfides whicn nay i>e disposed
of without danger to the environment. The suliides are removed troa
solution by filtration, centrilugation or tne like and disposed of By
landfill or other proceedures.
(12) KEXMORDS: EFFLUENT; FOSSIL FUEL; GAS1F1CAT10H; GASSE5;
HUDBOGBH; PATENT; PROCESS; SULPUK; TOXIC; HATfcfi
(14) HIBRAHCH TEfeHS: 1HV2HU; 1Si./2SP
(151 ST1BS ACC.NO.: OOS42124
(16) CITATION: filed Apr. 2, 1975 issued Aug. 17, 1*76.
(1) SW1BS ACC.JJO-: 042810
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Polybrominated biphenyls (PBb) environmental
contamination in Michigan, 1973-1976.
(4) AUTHOR: Kay K
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Environmental research
(10) LASGOAGE: K8 (10) PUB. IBAK: 1*77
(11) ABSTRACT: PolyProminated Diphenyis (PBB) environmental
contamination in Michigan from 1973 to iy?b-is discussed. Contamination
occurred when the Pbb manufacture accidentally substituted toxic PBB
for nontoxic magnesium oxide in the formulation oi animal feed. Claims
of continuing ill effects to animals and *an iro« Pafa contamination
have engendered intense activity at government level to establish the
role of PBB and to bring the problem to an effective solution. It is
not possible to identify the toxic substituents of the eaii that may
have been responsible for the iii exiects. Soie iil eifects navt been
reproduced by treating laboratory models with PbB. Liver changes, fetal
resorption, and decreased weight of offspring have Deeu observed.
Hyperieratosis has not Ceen producea in species oilier ttiaja cattle. The
occurrence of PBB in human uLood, depot fat, and ureast lilK nas ceen
Hell established, but ill eifects to nuaau health have not been
confirmed to date. Notwithstanding, many claias continue to be advanced
in this regard. A summary oi experiiental evidence on the toxicity of
PBB is given. State regulatory aud ad»inii>tra tive policies are noted.
(12) KEY.XOBDS: ACCIDEJtl; CATTLE; £NVlbONMi;lil'r; SOVisRHWENl1;
HAZARDOUS; UUHAN; INVKSTIGATIuN; LAbuBA'fOhY; MICHIGAN; REGULATIONS;
RESEARCH; STATE; TOXIC
(!<»> HIEBABCH TEfiHS; 1AA; 1AG; 111A
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSt18i.3
(16) CITATION: 13(1):74-S3, Feb. 1977.
(1) SKIfcS ACC.NO.: 042736
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CAi'EUOriY: 09 (2) babJ.i'YfE: S
(3) ASXICLE TITLE: The uptake oi lead, zinc, cadniua, and copper oy
the pulmonate mollusc. Helix aspersa duller, aud its relevance to the
monitoring of heavy metals contamination ox the environment.
(4) AUTHOR: Coughtrey PJ
(6) JOURNAL Tll'LiS: oecologia
(10) LANGUAGE: tN (1U) PUB. YEAh: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The occurrence 01 lead, zinc, cadmiu«, aiid copper in
individuals of helix aspersa rro« two sites or varyint, degrees t»f
contamination was studied. 1'he tleiix aspersa were collected troa the
two sites at different distances from a smelting complex at Avonmouth,
OK. Sneils were retained ror rurther study wnile the s»oit arts were
analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. iinc, cadaium, and copper
increased in a linear fashion with animal weight. Statistical analysis
of the data, using correlation ana regression techniques, yielded
information on apparent internetallio- eifects. iiecause »etai uptaxe and
227
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
body weight show a positive linear relationship only the use ol aninals
of similar weight and/or size can be used for monitoring purposes.
(12) KE1HOH0S: AI>S08P£IOH ; ANALYSIS; CGtfi'AHlNATE; EN VlftUNaEST;
FISH; HETAL; flONITOR; SON-FfcRhOOS; 6H*.LJ,; SPECTttOuRAPHIc
(14) HIERARCH TEKHS: 1AE; IhA; 1«A/.«J*i»
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: GOS:a-74, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 042728
(2) DOHBSTIC: F (2) OU'SGOKi: 0!* (2) SDBJ.TlPE: 5
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Disposal of toxic Bastes—1. Electroplating and
electrochemical machining wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: boden PJ
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Conservation and recycling
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. HEAR: 1*76
(11) ABSTRACT: The disposal of electroplating and electrochemical
machining wastes is discussed. Sinpie dilution of plating effluents
has, until recently, fiee a consiaereu an adequate safety measure.
Worldwide experience shows tnat even diluted effluents can cause
serious pollution and conta«ination. The reclamation of Hastes from
these industries is not well developed. Fortunately, external factors,
suca as water shortages and Material price rises are encouraging plant
operators to tax.e measures towards recovery, along then ion exchange,
evaporation, and reclaiming. The treatment applied in any given case
depends on the policy of local authorities and on tae potential savings
accruing from extraction processes, certain poisonous and radioactive
wastes arise as a result of industrial processes ana many cannot
economically be used again or easily rendered harmless. Sose suitable
storage and disposal methods are described and possible future
developments discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CBfcHlCAL; DISVuSAL; ECONOMICS; EFfi,Oi,M; ELECTRICAL;
EVAPOBAT108; HAZARDOUS; IOS EXCHANGE; PLAl'INii; POLLUTION; BAUIOACIIVE;
RECLAMATION; STORAGE; WATER
(14) HiERARCH TERHS: 1HA; 1«A; 1hA/2WG
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS41771
(16) CITATION: 1(1):111-11&, 197o.
(1) SK1RS ACC.NO.: 0426^6
(2) DOflESriC: D (2) CAX'EGOBlt: 11 (2) SUbJ. jt'lf t£: S; t
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: A study of neavy metal eaissious fron flaidized
bed incinerators.
(4) AUTHOR: Copeland BJ
(6) tfOUK TITLE: In Purdue Hesearca Foundation. Proceedings: tne
30th Industrial fcaste Conference, Purdue University, i,afayette, IN, May
6-8, 1975.
(10) LANGUAGE: i.N (1U) GEO. ARJ2A: 1US/2HC (1u) PUB. HEAR: 1977
(tl) ABSTRACT: Analyses were performed to evaluate the emission or"
lead chromium, arsenic, mercury, caumiua, copper, silver, and zinc troiii
the processing of sludge in fluidized neu incinerators. The fludized
bed incineration technique, with its extended heat transfer service,
heat reservoir, hign resilience tiae, isothermal operation at
temperatures above the ignition point of the particular *
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
vaste treatment could tie accomplished by recirculating classifier
effluent to a scrubbing system.
(\2) K8JWORDS: AHALJSIS; CADN1UH; EHIiSIOU; FACILITY; FLUIDIZEl)
BED; mciSBKATIOH; INCINERATOR; HAHAGEHEN J'; HARKLAND; HfcBCUSK; 8BTAL;
NON-FEBROOS; SCHOBBER; SLUDGE; TOXIC
(14) HIERA8CB TERMS: IIU/2IT; IIA/2'IH ; 1H1>
(IS} SUMS ACC.NO.: OOSM699
(16) CITATION: Ann Arbor, HI, Ann Aruor Science Publishers, Inc.,
1977. p.78-89.
(1) SSIBS ACC.HO.: 0424B6
12) DOMESTIC: B (2) CATEGORIC 0* (2) SUiJj.fJFE: S; T
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: United states Testiuy Coepany, inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: lexicological and sfcin corrosion testing or
selected hazardous Materials.
(8) NTIS HO.: Pa 264 975 (A) REPORT «0.: DOT/flTVOfaHO-7&/2 (9)
COHTBACT HO.: DOT-OS-30077
(10) LANGUAGE: KH (10) PUB. SEAR; 1^76
(11) ABSTRACT: selected toxicological tests were undertaken on
twelve organic chemicals in aniials to determine if these qualified as
hazardous laterials according to the iiepartnent ot i'lansportation
Hazardous Materials Regulations. Overall toxicoiogical and s&in
corrosion tests results are sucmarizud. The twelve materials studied
were benzene, benzene sulfouic acid, 1-chloro-uitrobenzeue,
chloropicrin, ethyl benzene, lonochloroacetic acid, nitrobeazane,
phenol, styrene, toluene-2, "»-diisocynate (XDJ.), trichloroacetic acid,
and ortho-xylene. Paraaeters utilized in the tests were (1) toxicity by
inhalation, (2) toxicity by oral ingestioa, (J) toxicity by sKin
absorption, and (4) skin corrosion. Procedures, descriptions and
detailed results are given. (Ketained IB SMIHS library)
(12) RECORDS: ADMINISTRATION; AKIHAL; CHEMICAL; CHLUHIHE; UAI-A;
2PFECT; FEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; IMVESTIGAXION; KEKAT1M; HHKOGEN; ORGANIC;
PUEMOt; SULFUR; TOXIC; TRANSPORT
(14) HIERARCH TERRS: 1UA/2UU
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: oosaibiy
(16) CITATION: Washington, U.S. Oepartment of Transportation, Apr.
197b. 28 p.
(1) SU18S ACC.BO.: 04193b
(2) D08ESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 U) SUBJ.TTPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Studies on the survival and fate or
enteroviruses in an experinentai. vodei. 01 a vuuicipal solid waste
landfill and leachate.
(<() AUTHOR: sobsey Hit
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Applied Jlicrobioiogy
(10) LANGUAGE: £N (10) PUb. YEAR: 1^7i>
(11) ABSTBACT: In laboratory scale Bunicipal ^>olia wastt lysmeters
containing simulated refuse, ana seeaea with either laboratory or field
strains of poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 7, viruses ti.iet.e,: caused oy virus adsorption and
virus inactivdiion. Evidence 101 virus luactivation was provided b/ the
results of experiaents oa virus inactivati&& in composite leachate
samples. Evidence for vims adsorptiou was supported uy the rapid
adsorption of viruses to various mnicipal solid waste components in
the presence of a salt solution sjmiiar m composition to the najor
inorganic salts of leachates.
(12) KE1MORDS: ADSORPTION; ANALYSIS; iMVESTiGATlUM; LtACH;
J.YSIBBTER; MUNICIPALITY; JJA^T; SAHI PAMK LAHUFILL; VIBUS
(14) UIEhARCa fESaS: UK; ltd A; 1Li_; IMF
(1i) STinS ACC.HO.: OOS^OSH^ (15) StCONi'AisX AOIHuRS: tteinicK. JL;
Hallis C
(16) CITATIOS: 30 (4) :i>6i>-b7«i, Oct.
229
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIBS ACC.MO.: 041935
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.xYPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Treatment of harmful substances, part 4.
(4) AUTHOR: Kavahara H
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: losui to Haisui
(10) LAHGUA6E: JA (10) PUB. YEAfe: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A review is presented of the possible treat*euts
available in dealiny »ith har«tul substances. Chromium (Cr) and cadmium
(Cd) removal are specifically discussed. Cr resoval treatment by ion
exchange resins, and Cd removal by ion flotation, and activated carbon
sorption are discussed in detail. (Text in Japanese)
(12) KEYHORDS: ACTIVATED CABbON; ChitOBIUM; COHTKOL; HAZARDOUS; IOM
EXCHA86E; JAPA8; BETAL; REDUCTION; TREATMENT
(14) HIEBARCH TERNS: 1HA/2HG; 1SK/2SO; 1SE/2SP
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS40979
(t6) CITATION: 18 (1):77-83, 1976.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: 041646
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(4) AOTHOB: baker D£ (10) GEO. ABBA: IDE; 1SF/2SU (10) FOB.
WAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The problems involved in the monitoring of sewage
sludges, soils, and crops for &inc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are discussed,
and research results that aid in establishing approaches and standards
for protecting the food chain from unsafe accumulations of Cd are
presented. A review of literature pertinent to Z.n and Cd uptake from
sludge amended soils and/or human food chain contamination by these is
also included. Experiment procedures
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(1) SSIRS ACC.HO.: 011643
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: U* U) i.OfcJ.TXi'E: T
(4) AOTHOE: ttelsted S* (10} liEO. AiiEA: 1SJ (TO) POb. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT!: An analysis of previously puolished data is
presented as is an attempt to show that the transfer of cadaium froa
the soil to corn grain and iron corn grain to pheasant tissue Say be
expressed, and predicted, through loganthaic relatiousnips. Maxinua
loading rates for sewage sludges on land wij.j. oe influenced by the
degree to which crops will absorb hazardous elements Iron sluage
amended soils and the degree to xnicn animals will absoro tnese same
elements from grain and forage; monitoring aisposal sites similarly
assumes the ability to predict »eta.i movement tnrough the food chain.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; ANiMAL; uRCP; DISPOSAL; EAiJTtl; EFFECT;
FOOD; HAZARDOUS; LAUD; MATHjuiAT1CAL MODEL; METAL; MONITOR; PROJECTION;
SLODGJS; SOIL COHU1T10WER; TfiAKSPUaT; UTILIZE
(t<») H1ERARCB TEKHS: 1S1/2S9
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS40607 (15>) SECONDARY AUTHORS: iiinesly ID;
Tyler JJ
(18} DOC.CIT.: Helsted, S . w- , T. i>. fiinesly, and J . J . Tyler.
Cadaium transfer from sewage siuaje-aaejiued soil to corn grain to
pheasant tissue. In Loenr, h. C. Land as a Naste Manageaent
Alternative: Proceedings of the Iy7o Cornell Ayricultural Maste
Managenent Conference. Ann ArLor, Ml, Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.
, 1977. p. 199-208.
(1) SW1RS ACC.HO.: 041536
(2) UOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbO.TIpji: S; T
(<») AUTHOR: Koppeuaal Dh (10) GEO. A«EA: 1HA (10) PUB. YEAri:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: the possicie hazards resulting from coal conversion
processes are discussed. 1'hese processes are likely to increase in the
United States and there is already a large synthetic fuel consumption.
Plants requiring 15,000 tons per day of coal and producing 2bO cu ft of
synthetic natural gas per day are tne most efficient size, and 176
suitable 0. S. sites have been identnied. Estimates are aaae of sulfur
quantities released and of other pollutants taat would oe found in the
•astewater. Eleven pilot plants are operating, aut little has been done
to study chemical byproducts. The chesical nature of coal is described
with so«e of its physical characteristics and tae sulfur content that
present several technological and environnental problems. There are
three pruary coai conversion processes piacnea for the Uiiiteu states;
coal gasification, coal liqueiaction, at.d solvent refined coai. Each
process is outlined and presented diagraaiatically. The processes are
conducive to the formation of organouetallics, particularly coal
liquefaction. So«e of the «a;jor organonetallic conpounds that «ay De
forsed are aetal porphyrin coapounds, metal curbonyls, aetailocenes,
arene carbonyls, metal alKyls, orgauo hydrides, and metal chelates, aad
other unpredictable compounds that »a/De toxic, carcinogeziic, and
detriaental in use as fuel or feedstocx in further refining processes.
(12) KEYWORDS: AIH; br-PRObUCX; c.riEtlICAL; E«VIRUNME»T; FOSSIL FUEL;
FUEL; GASIFICATION; GASSE3; HAiUKiOUS; HEALTH; POLLUT10K; SOLVENT;
SULFUR; BASTE HATER
(14) H1ERAKCH TEhHS: 1Ml/^Bi>
(t5) STIMS ACC.NO.; OOS<+0&00 (1b) SECOaDAhi AUahORS; Hananan SE
(tb) DOC.CIT.: Koppenaal, EI . ». , and S. E. Manahan. hazardous
chemicals from coal conversion processes. Euviron»ental science and
Technology, 10 (12) : 110^-HO /, Nov. la?6.
(1) SWiflb ACL.NO.: Q<*1339
(2) DOSESTIC: D (2) CATEiiObY: 0'^ (2) SUBJ. i'Yti.: S (10) GEO.
AREAi 1AC/2AE; 1TD (10) PUe. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRAC1: An in depth study that attempts to asseuble,
organize, and interpret present duy information on arsenic and its
co»pounds, and the effects of tuese substances on man, animals, and
plants is presented, tjaphasis is given to the eitects 01 arsenic on
man, conclusions are drawn fros the evaluation of current knowledge on
the subject, and recommendations are atade for further research.
Although arsenic is highly toxic in many of iis for»s, a numcer of
231
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
factors suggest tnat it probably is not a general pollution profilea. In
fact, there are indications that it Bay be an essential trace eleaent.
Hhile much arsenic enters the ataosphere froa the burning of coal, the
concentrations are too low to be a natter of concern, (detained in
SHIRS library)
(12) KEXSORDS: BURNING; CHEMICAL; CONCENTttATION; EFFECT-
EPI0EHIOLOGI; FOSSIL FUEL; HOHAN; TOXIC; VEGUTATIOH
(14) hIERARCH TESHb: ICb
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: QOS40383
(1b) UOC.CIT.: Subcoiiaittee on Arsenic. Arsenic. Environmental
Protection Publication EPA-bOO/1-76-036. Research Triangle Park, NC. U.
S. Environsental Protection Agency, Nov. 197t. 48a p. (Environmental
Health Effects Research Series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 040963
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SuBJ.TXPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: boden PJ (10) GEO. ABEA: 1D0/2DL (10) PUB. XEABs
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Disposal /storage ot toxic electroplating and
electrocheaical aacnining effluents are dealt with. Siaple dilution of
plating effluents has, until recently, been considered an adequate
safety Measure, but worldwide experience shows that even diluted
effluents can cause serious pollution and contamination. Several
aetbods of control are described. The treataeut applied m any given
case depends on the policy of local authorities and on the potential
savings accruing fro« extraction processes. Certain poisonous and
radioactive wastes arise as a result ot industrial processes and aany
cannot economically be used again or easily rendered harmless. Their
disposal aust therefore be permanent and under adequate control, soae
suitaale storage and disposal methods are described aiid possible future
developments discussed.
(12) KJSYWOEDS: CHKHICAL; COKTKOL; DILUTION; DISPOSAL; EFFLUENT;
EiECTKlCAi.; INDUSTRY; METAL; Pi.ATINt.; POLLUTION; STOfcAGJi; TOXIC;
THBATHENT
(111) HIERABCd I'EKBS: 1HA/2HG
(1SJ STIBS ACC.8U.: OUS40o07
(1»J DOC.C1X.; boden, P. J. bisposai of toxic wastes - 1.
electroplating aud electrocnesical aachining wastes. Conservation and
Recycling, 1(1):111-1ia, iy?b.
(1} SWIKi> ACC.NO.:
(2) UOBEST1C: D (2) CATEGOftJ: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; I
(4) AUTHOR: Leland Htf (10) GHO. AfciA: 1h£/2Nb (10) PUb. XEAR:
1976
(.11) ABSTBACT: Literature on the effects ot industrial wastes froa
heavy metals and related trace elenents on aquatic lile is reviewed.
Several general reviews and symposia on environmental contaainaxion are
noted. Transport processes, environmental distributions, and Biological
effects of heavy aetaxs were iocai points of several conferences and
resulting publications. Sixty articles concern trace elenents in
natural waters (ireshwatera ana marine anu uracKish waters) whtxe 113
reviews concern literature relating to trace eieaeiits in freshwater,
•arine, and braclcisb wa tet sedioents. The pnysicai/cnemicul forms oi
trace eleaeots are notea in several articles. Bioaccumulation and
toxicity of trace elements, specifically relating to aguatic flora and
aquatic fauna (invertebrates and tishes) account for the Bajority of
articles reviewed. Several investigators proposed the use of aquatic
aacrophytefc to monitor heavy aetcut pollution in fresnuaters and to
concentrate aetais irom solution. Si-uaies concerning mercury
concentrations are paiticulcirly evident, and laooratory aicrocosa and
field studies have provided infornation on bioaccumulation of several
232
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
trace elements in aquatic ecosystems. Two hundred and seventy oae
references are cited.
(12) KEYWORDS: EFFECT; ES VIKONMJSKt; FISH; LABORATUBY; LITJSSATOBE;
MBAS08EMB1ITS; HEHCUHY; METAL; HOHlTOk; QUALITY; RESBAhCH; SALT; TOXIC;
VBGETATIOK; HATEK
fl4) HIEKARCH TERMS: 1HA
(15) SUMS ACL. NO.: OOS39iJ2i> (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Copenhairer
ED; Millies DO
(Iti) DQC.CIT-: Leland, H. V. , i>. J. Hilkes, and K. D. Copenhaver.
Industrial wastes; heavy metals and related trace elements. Journal
Hater Pollution Control federation, 4b (6) :1U59-1486 , June 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 039643
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: G9 (2) siibj.rYPE: s (io> POB.
IEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: oil and soil interaction effects resulting from an
oil spill are explored. The purpose or the investigation Has to
determine the degree of oil retention from an oil spill area xn vie* of
natural physical weathering to evaluate the compositional changes of
natural oil retained in soil material. Soil (sand) samples were
obtained at three separate tine periods: one day after the oil spill,
174 days atter tne oil spill, ana 3t>« days after the oil spill. A total
of 45 soil samples were obtained in tne three separate time periods.
The percentage of oil retained over the one year period of weathering
was determined at various intervals, and compositional changes were
studied by gas liquid chromatography and infrared techniques. The oil
spill occurred near Pearse Island in British Columbia, Canada. The
results of gas liquid chromatogra^hy indicated that tne loss of low
molecular weight n-paraf f oiis, and the results of infrared techniques
indicated the formation or sulfones and ether groups due to the
oxidation reaction resulting troi natural exposure. It was established
that up to 4 percent of oil was retained in soil material after 6
months of exposure and that about 3. it percent remained after a year.
(12) KE5NOKDS: CSHAI>A; COHCfiN fB ATJOM ; ECOLOGY; EFFECT;
ISVESTIGAT10M; OIL; RESIDUE; SAhPLIhG METHODS; SASii; SITES; SPILLAGE
(15) ST1M5 ACC.NO.: OUS3S6B7
(1b) DOC.CIT.: Young, a . K . , and A. j. Setci. Compositional
caanges of a fuel oil from aa oil spill due to natural exposure. Hater,
Air, and Soil Pollution, ti (2) : 1»5-2ui>, Dec. 1*75.
SUhJ.TXPE: S (10) PUtt
(1) SWIRS ACC.hO.: 039625
(2) OOMESTIC: F (2) CAJLEvJGta: ua
YEAH: 1976
(It) ABSTRACT: Sediments in the bayle estuary in a nistoncal
aining area of Cornwall nave been found to contain exceptionally aigh
concentrations ol tin, arsenic, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc. In
tais study, the distribution of these heavy metals is correlated with
pollution from past mininy activity through mine waste discharge into
streams, and changes whicn took place at the time oi the development
and the Upton Towans, which are two clown sand deposits separated by
the Hayle estuary. One table and throe ri^ures illustrate the report.
(12) KEYWOKDS: CLAY; UStfAT (JB.LTA1H; KA£A,S uOUb; METAL; HIHE;
M1MERAL; NGN-FEEKUUS; POLLUTION; sA»D; SEUIMEKPAJiOH ; XBABSi'OrfT;
WATERWAY
(IbJ Sl'ins ACT. NO.: OOSJ6t»b^
(Itt) DOC.C1T.: Xii, H. «. rteavy netal accutulution in the estuarine
sediaents in a historical nzning of ComvalA, Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 7(8), fcug. 1976.
(t) S8IRS ACC.HO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAiKuORY: 0^ (z) SUbJ.TYP£i S {10) FUB.
1y?6
(11) ABSTRACT: Inuustridl copper dccl £i.nc pollution reduces the
decomposition rate, phosjjhatase activity, an4 phosphorus miiieiralization
rate in tne mot norizon 01 conifer lorest sat rouiiding a ctatis mill in
Sweden. There ii- stdtisticai «vidence lor copper ueinj Boie responsible
233
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
for this effect than zinc at about equal concentrations. A negative
Influence on the phosphatase activity is aeasureable already at. a low
degree of pollution. A higher pH of the soil »ay counteract th« heavy
•etal effect to soae extent, Two tables and four figures are presented.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; EAHTH; HAZARDOUS; HATHEHATICAL HOPEL;
METAL; 91NERAL; NON-FERROUS; OHGASIC; Pa; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTION;
SAMPLING METHODS; SCANDINAVIA; VEGETATION
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS38668
(18) DOC.CIT.: Tyler, G. Heavy netal pollution, paosphatase
activity, and aineralization of organic phosphorus in forest soils.
Soil Biology and Biochenistry, «(4):327-332, 1976.
(1) SKIRS ACC.80.: 039457
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATBGOHX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: 5; T (10) PUB.
YEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A patented closed loop process is described for
treating waste water resulting fro» the ctieaical extraction of uraniua
fron ore. Hater is evaporated to fora a concentrated solution and is
then subjected to crystallization ot the least, soluble salt component
in it via further evaporation, cooling, or simultaneous cooling and a
partial vacuun. The crystallized coaponent is separated fro* the
original liquor, and the original liquor is then ted bacfc after the
reaoval of residual uraniuo to an extraction installation where; acids
used in the process are replaced. The pure condensate produced during
evaporation of the waste water is employed as a replaceoent for the
fresh water eiployed in ore processing. The invention constitutes a
process for the treatment of radioactively contaainated waste water
emitted troa installations for cheiically preparing uraniua ores.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONCENTRATION; CONI-AMINATE; LIQUOR; BIKE; PA TEST;
RADIOACTIVE; SEPARATING; SOLID; TREATMENT; WASTE WATER
(15) Sl'lBS ACC.NO.: OOS38SG1
(16) DOC.CIT.: Klicka, V. , J. fiitas, and J- Vacek. (Vyzkuiay ustav
cheaickuch zarizeni, Brno, Czechoslava
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(1) SHIBS ACC.HO-: 03U339
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKX; 09 (2) SUbJ.rYPE: S (10) PUB.
IKAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Bine waste samples fro* twelve abandoned
• etaliiferous workings or disused fluorspar tailing dans were analyzed
for physical and cheaical characteristics. Hign levels of lead. zinc
and fluoride wer« found in all the nine tastes. Plant nutrients,
nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were Ion. The ma;]or tactor
determining the phytotoxicity ot the suostrate at the mine workings is
the zinc concentration. Plants were collected fro* each site and
analyzed for fluoride levels, which were found to vary with species and
ptysicochemical characteristics ot the sucstrute. Reinstatement of
disused tailing dais is tor recreational or aesthetic reasons; the
agricultural value of the vegetation is restricted by heavy metal and
fluoride concentrations.
(12J KESHOBDS: AESTHfcTIC; LOHl'AHlNATh; FOLIAGE; GkEAT bBItAlN;
aBTAi; HIKE; BiSERAl.; HOH-FiJJ&OUS; fl£Ci.AHATIOM; RbCREATlOir AR£A ;
TAILISGS; TOXIC; VEGETATION
(15) ST1BS ACt.NO.: OOS373bJ
(18) DOC.Cir.: Johnson, U.S. Natural colonization and
reinstatement of mineral waste containing heavy metals and iluoride-
Fluonde, 9(3):153-162, July 1976.
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO,: 038302
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CA'i'EUOtU: U9 (2/ SUdJ.IYPE: S; T (10)
IKAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The extraction and analysis of heavy letais leacftate
at two urban waste landfill sites in Japan are discussed. Contaminated
water, per»eating fro» the landfill sites, coatriijutes to soil and crop
contamination in the rice fields. An analysis of nazardous wastes in
groundwater indicates varyi.ng concentrations of heavy letals including
iron, •augauese, cad«iu», ctironua and lead. Sources for these
unsoluble heavy aetals in wastes, include incineration ash, poly vinyl
chloride products, inorganic pigaentSj home electric appliances, ana
Manufacturers duaping plating sludge. As a result 01 anaerooic
decoaposition, sulfur substances are tran^foraed to hydrogen sulfide.
The significant effects of ph ana oxidation reduction potential on the
extraction of heawy »etals are discussed. A considerable concentration
ot heavy netals is expected to accumulate in the Bottom strata of
sediaent deposits.
(12) KEt»ORDS: COKTABlNATi.; UATA; FACILITK; GROUND WATiih;
UiZJHDOUS; INDUSTRY; JAPAN; HETAL; HUhiCiPALin; PROLEbS; SANITARY
LAHDF1LL; SE0I«E8fATION; 3ITEi>; 1'KAtisPOKT
(1b) ST1MS ACC.SO.: OOS373tb
(18) DOC.CIT.: Giken, it. R. Study on the process of yeneration of
industrial wastes containing barstul substances; report, of the fiscal
year 1974. Japan, Hinastry of Health and mejfare. Bar. 1li7t>, 15 y.
(M SBIRS ACC.HO.: 0377faO
(2) DOHESriC: D (2) CAfEUOHZ: t'i< (2) SUbJ.TXPE: S (10) PUB,
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: An investigation is jjfasfn *•«/ soils was
investigated at two tempera cures to determine kbether tae rtejctiou is
of a chemical or a physical uature. Tne results suyt,etit tnat cadaiua
adsorption l>y soils is at lea^st partly oi a cnemical nature, which is
also supported by the low rate of attaining equilibrium at both
temperatures. The physical adsorption proceeds much faster. Similar
statistics tor the two temperatures give further evidence that
temperature does not change the neture of reactions involved in cad«iu»
adsorption by soils. Further work on the temperature effect would help
to clarity the mecnanism, particularly if only one type ot adsorbent is
involved. During the study, the calculated Langsu-ix udsc.ii-t.joa maxima
235
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
and bonding energy coefficients were yell correlated with cation
exchange capacity, organic natter, ana cl&
(2) UUHESTIC: D {2} CATEGOfcl: 01 (2] :>UoJ..ntPE: 3 (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(tlj ABSPRACT: Poiychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are widespread,
toxic, environmental contaminants. Two common sources of PCB
contamination are disposal of sewage sludge on land and the use 01 PCb
as pesticide extenders in agricultural areas. The purpose oi this study
was to determine the extent to which t-CB residues in the soil are
absorbed by carrots. Experimental field plots were treated tith
polychlorinatea bipheuayl Aroclor 1254 in December of 1971 aim tne
carrots planted in July of 1972. Test ana control samples of soil and
carrots were taken several tiaes in autuna oi 1*72 ana 1973. n.'o
content was analyzea by gas chroaatography. i'he less highly chlorinated
PCB residues were absoroed five to eic.,ht times greater by the carrots
than the lore highly chlorinated residues. The degree oi transfer of
PCB residues t'roa soil to carrots was sinilar to that of sone
persistent organochlorine pesticides. The PCo residues were absorbed
through the carrot routs, and aost of the residues were contained in
the peel. Very small quantities oi k-ci* residues were louna in l.ne
carrot tissues, baall aiounts were found in the carrot foliage,
suggesting contamination oy soil dust.
(i^> KEYWORDS: Absofiprius; ANALISIS; coNCKMfRAiioN; COHTAMINATE;
CHOP; DATA; DISPOSAi.; EAKTB; K*»I6O»llli;N 1; LAHU; PESTlCliui; POLhUTIOJl;
PUUCrfLORiBAXED; SESIWIE; SLUDUE; TOXIC
(1S> STI11S ACC.NO.: OOS36712
(1«J) DOC.CIT.: iwata, ¥. , ana X. A. Gunther. Tianslocation or the
polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 from soil into carrots under
field conditions. Archives of Environmental Contamination anc
Toxicology, 4(4):U4-5!», Apr. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 037335
(2) DOHBSriC: P (2) CATEGORY: Ui> (2) SUBJ.DTJPE: S ClO) PUB.
YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: flercury was measured in over 100 fish froa I.axe Erie
and fro* Pyiatuning Lake and Mosquito Lake, two large nonindust.rialized
lakes near Lake Erie. The following types of fish were examined:
sunfish, perch, catfish, white bass, and carp. Analyses were performed
on the upper back Muscle beneath the skin just Behind the gill cover
and just below the anterior dorsal fin of fish. All fish in the two
nonindustrialized lakes except carp contained tne sane low content of
•ercury (about 0. 1 ppm)- Carp had distinctly higher levels of mercury
(about 0. 25 pp«). in Lake Erie, carp also contained about 0. 25 ppm of
•ercury but, in contrast with the two other lakes, this was not higher
than nercury levels found in species which also contained 0. 25 to 0.
35 ppa of mercury. Study results confirmed the complexity of
accunulative aetals in the food web and the need for analyzing several
species of varying ecological niches. It was suggested that carp rather
than fish higher in the food web, *ay be the best biological nagnifiers
for interlake comparisons of nercury in unpolluted lax.es that are only
aoderately eutrophic whereas fish high in the food *ei> nay be the best
•agnifiers for oligotrophic lakes. (Author Abstract) (Document retained
in SB IRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: AHALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL; CO,1i>AEISUS; t_ONCENTHATIQ8;
FISH; FOOD; BEASUREBEMTS; MERCURY; HilTAL; MATEHHAX
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36380
(16) DOC.CIf,: Aronson, J. L. , n. Spiesaan, and A. t\. ALOIS on,
Note on the distribution of mercery iu fish species iu three afc 1.0
lakes. Environmental Pollution, 10(1);1-7,
236
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 037323
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) S06J.TJTPE: 1 (10) PUB.
1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Asbestos or asbestifor* minerais include several
types or groups of fibrous crystalline substances with special thermal
and electrical properties that have long encouraged their use in the
Manufacture of such products as roofing, insulation, brake linings,
fireproof curtains, etc. Their occurrence as pollutants in the ambient
air and in supplies of food and drinking water has caused considerable
concern because occupational exposures to asbestos have been found to
induce mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum, as well as cancer of
the long, esophagus, and stomach, alter latent periods of about 20 to
10 years. Transmission electron »icroscopy, often together with
selected area electron diffraction, has been the principal technique
used to identify and characterize asbestos fibers in ambient air and
water samples. Because of the poor sensitivity of other analytical
methods, electron microscopy is also being used for routine Measurement
of airborne or waterborne asbestos concentrations, although it is
ill-suited for this purpose. Even with the future development of more
appropriate quantitative procedures, however, electron Microscopy in
combination with electron diffraction will continue to be valuable as a
reference method and articularly for research applications, e. g. , in
support of health effects studies where maximal information on fiber
counts and size distributions are needed. (Document retained in SMIBS
library)
(12) KEXHORDS: AIB; ASBESTOS; CLASSIFICATION; COBCEHXRATION;
KXPOSOBE; FIBER; HAZARDOUS; HEALTB; MEASUREMENTS; MINERAL; OCCUPATION;
POLLOTIOM; PROCESS; SAMPLING METHODS; HATER
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS36368
(18) DOC.CIT.: dueller, P. K. , A. E. Alcocer, and R. L. Stanley.
Asbestos fiber atlas. Environmental Protection Publication
650/2-75-036. Research Triangle Park, »C, 0. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Apr. 1975, 58 p. (Environmental Protection
Technology Series)
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036698
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATBGOR1: 09 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S; T (10) PDB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The fate ot metals in burning municipal refuse is
studied for aluminum, chromium, copper, zinc, tin, lead and iron.
Samples were taken from the unburued refuse and incinerator residue.
The 7 metals were included in this study both because they span a wide
range of toxicity and because they represent the bulk of the metals
found in domestic solid wastes. These metals are introduced into an
incinerator as a part of the raw refuse. They are incinerated with the
refuse and modified to enter the environment (1) as part of the residue
remaining after incineration, (2) in the process waters used to collect
the flyash and quench the residue, and (3) as particulate matter
leaving the stack. As an aid to future metal investigations, this paper
is directed toward (1) assessing sampling, sample preparation, and
analytical procedures fur determining the presence of the selected
metals and (2) completing a total analysis for metals present in refuse
and incinerator residue. These issues are approached by determining the
range of selected metals within the composites, and examining the
statistical characteristics of samples drawn from a composite to
determine variability. (Autnor*s Abstract Modified)
(12) KSIHORDS: AtUHIHUM; AHAJ.1S1S; JJMISSIOS; PLX ASH; HfClKESATOB;
110"; HETAL; MUMICIPALIT*; MOM-FERROUS; PARTICIPATE HATTER; REFUSE;
RESIDUE; SAMPLING METHODS; TOXIC; HATE B
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS357U3
(18) DOC.CIT.: schoenberger, R. J. , and J. Bender. Analysis of
metals found in incinerator residue, in: Proceedings; 1976 National
Haste Processing Conference, Boston, Hay 23-2fc, 1976. The American
Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1976, 585 p. (p. U99-511).
237
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
11) SHIBS ACC.MO.: 036567
12) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORI: 0* (2) SObJ.TiPE: S (10) PUB.
YBABs 1976
(It) ABSTRACT: The toxicity oi copper was compared for the aquatic
organism Daphnia magna cultured in reconstituted versus pond water and
fed on trout pellet versus vitamin enriched algal foods. Copper stress
was monitored to determine its eftects on longevity, reproduction, and
instantaneous rate of population growth. The effects of chronic: copper
stress were highly variable when animals were tested in reconstituted
water. Such effects were probably due to variability in the quality of
distilled water. Vitamin enriched algal food was superior to trout
granule food in culturing Oaphnia magna. Control animals lived much
longer and test animals were less sensitive to chronic copper stress.
The acute and chronic tozicity of copper was compared for four species
of Oaphnia. Vhen tested in pond water and fed vitamin enriched algae,
the two largest species (Daphnia magna and Daphuia pulex) were
significantly less sensitive to acute copper stress than the two
smallest species (Oaphnia parvula and Daphnia ambigua). There was no
significant difference in sensitivity to chronic copper stress when
reduced longevity was used as the index. Copper application factors for
the four species varied from 0. 47 to 0. 62. (Author Abstract modified}
(12) KBYBORDS: AEBATIOH; ALGAE; BOO; COMPARISON; CONCESTBAT10H;
COLTUBE; EFFECT; LABOBATOBI; HEASUBEBEHTS; H081TOB; MOH-I'ERBOUS;
PROJECTION; TOXIC; VITAMIN
(15) STIHS ACC.1IO.: 0OS33to 11
(18) DOC.CIT-: Winner, B. H. Toxicity of copper to Daphnids in
reconstituted and natural waters. Environmental Protection Ageacy
Publication EPA-600/3-76-051. Duluth, KB, U. s. Environmental
Protection Agency, Hay 1976, t>9 p. (Ecological Besearch Series) .
(1) SRIBS ACC.NO.: 036649
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TiPB: S (10) PUB.
XEABl 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A 3-year study was conducted to evaluate the
transport, fate, and geochemical interactions or mercury, cadmium, and
other inorganic pollutants in the southeastern coastal littoral-salt
marsh environment of the United States. Study oojectives were as
follows: (1) determine the rate of inorganic pollutant input to salt
marsh estuaries; (2) examine geochemical interaction oi pollutant
materials in salt marsh estuaries; and (j) assess the ultimate fate of
pollutants in coastal littoral waters. It is concluded that
southeastern rivers are similar in their concentrations of dissolved
mercury and cadmium, with mean values of 0. 04 to 0. 07 and 0. 3 and 1.
0 micrograms per liter, respectively. High levels of dissolved and
partienlate organic matter in southeastern rivers can influence the
fate of metal pollutants, particularly at a river-estuary interface
where the flocculation of organic matter acts to scavenge metals from
the water column. Industrialized estuaries differ from undeveloped
estuaries only in the concentration of heavy metals in oottom
sediments. Estuaries act as sinks for iron, manganese, and other
transition metals. The accumulation ol mercury in salt marsh sediments
•ay be followed by slow release due to methylation, and mercury levels
in coastal littoral water vary seasonally due to atmospheric inputs.
The residence time of mercury and cadmium in coastal littoral water is
estimated to be 17 and 3 wks, respectively.
(12) REYHOBDS: CHEMICAL; EFFECT; JfLOCCOLAHT; GEOLOGIC; HEKCUBX;
HBTAL; ORGANIC; PARTICIPATE BATTER; POLLUTION; REGIONAL; SEGMENTATION;
TBABSPOBT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35593
(18) DOC.CIT.: WindOB, H. L. Geocnemical interactions of heavy
metals in southeastern salt marsh environments. Environmental
Protection Agency Publication EPA-600/3-76-023. Corvallis, OB, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Bar. 1976, 36 p. (Ecological Besearch
Series) .
238
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METALS AND 'iuXIC SUBSl'ANCES
{1} SilRS ACC.NO.: 036363
(2) DOJJESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUbJ.TlPE: S; T {10} FOB.
IBAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This is the second part of au investigation dealing
with toxic Betal residues found ic the disposed Beauaoct Leys sewage
fan (England) ; the first part, considered Betals, zinc, copper and
nickel which are toxic to plants. This report deals with lead, cadaiua,
arsenic and chroaiua; phamacholoyicaj and tone properties,
recoBBended and statutory lisits, natural distribution in soil, and the
origin in sewage are discussed for each Betal. The survey of Betals
indicated that the toxic »etai content of soil saaples coincided
closely with the effluent-irrigation and sludge-spreading fields of the
old, now abandoned, sewage worXs. Of greatest concern were the high
lead and zinc contents of the sludge fields; the toraer is toxic to Ban
and animals - the latter is toxic to plant lire. Samples of vegetables
raised on Beaumont Leys soils snowed that only zinc is appreciably
taken up, and in no case was zinc content acove tie recoBBended maxima
of SO parts per Billion. The site studied was also considered as a
possible building site, and aeasureaents of wind-clown aust were made
to determine possible hazards of lead inhalation. Results were variable
but indicated no abnormal hazard. Tne danger to children ingesting the
soil was not considered high. For building on the site however, it was
reconmended that the top two feet 01 soil be removed iroa the sludge
area before construction was undertaken.
(12) KEYWORDS: ABANDONED; CBKOMIUH; CONCENTRATION; DUST; EFFLUENT;
FACILITY; GREAT URITA1N; HAZARDOUS; IRRIGATION; MfcASUBiiMKBTS;
UOS-PERRGUS; SEWAGE; SLUDGE; TOXIC
(15) STIMS ACC.SO.: 00535408
(18) DOC.CIF.: Pike, E. B. , L. C. Graham, and 8. M. Fogden. An
appraisal of toxic itetal residue in tne soils of a disusea sewage farB,
part 2. Journal of the Association of Puoiic analysts, 13 (2):4b-63,
June 1975.
(1) SHTBS ACC.NO.: 036230
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORI: 0* (2) SUBJ.TXPE: S; T (10) POb.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: There has been a great deal of interest in ways of
controlling Bine wastes in Canada, due to the toxicity of dissolved
heavy aetals to conaercial fish, sucn as the Atlantic saliou and
speckled trout. Heavy Betais, such as copper, lead, zinc, and nickel
are toxic to fish at low concentrations. Sublethal concentrations of
heavy Betals can also adversely affect fish by affecting reproductive
and aigratory behavior. Methods of treating and recycling surface and
underground aqueous wastes, vijll process waste, and solid wastes are
discussed. Solid wastes, containing tailings, are usually iBpounded on
land, but these are also duaped in the ocean or used as backfill in
mining operations. The »ost CCBBOD aethod ol treating base Betal mining
wastes in Canada is by discharge into a tailings pond with controlled
pH. Heavy Betals are precipitated and settled out with the suspended
solids. The reclaaation of land areas after aining operations cease was
also discussed, itevegetation is difficult in areas where acid wastes
have drastically lowered soil ph. The vegetation in these areas tends
to take up toxic substances. Baking its harvesting or use as wildlife
forage hazardous.
(12) KEXBORDS: BIOLOGICAL; CANADA; CONTROL; FISB; HAZARDOUS; METAi.;
MINE; PROCESS; RECLAMATION; SOLOBILiTX; TAILINGS; TOXIC; TREATMENT;
UNDERGROUND
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS3527!>
(16) DOC.CIT.: bell, A. V. baste controls at base Betal Bines.
EnvironBental Science and Technology, 10 (2) :130-135, Fei>. 1976.
(1) SW1HS ACC.NO.: 036214
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOSK: 09 (2) SUBJ.TSPE: S; T (10) POB.
IEAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Effluent froo tanneries contains a number of toxic
substances anong then conpounds of chromiun, sulpnides anu compounds of
phenol (volatile) with water vapor. Ionizing irradiation is discussed
as one of the separation Bethods, i.e. the effect of gaaaa raying on
239
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
the sedimentation process and disinfection ot the effluent. Tanning
liquor was tested for decomposition of phenol under irradiation. A
table is given on parameters of iiradiated liguors containing phenol,
mimosa, guebracno and tannin. Concentrations are given in itg/cu n (tor
phenol -it is 0. 950; and volatile phenol with water vapor, in g/cu m,
is 950). Chemical and biological oxygen demands are listed; tor phenol
they are 2190 g/cu a of 02 and 54 g/cu a of 02, respectively. Diagrams
show gamma doses. For phenol composition the dose is 12. 5 arad.
(12) KEKBOHDS: BOD; COD; COLLECTION; DECOMPOSE; ION; PHENOL;
PURIFICATION; RADIATION; SEDIMENTATION; STERILIZE; TANNERY HASTti
(IS) STIttS ACC-NO.: OOS3S259
(18) DOC.CIT.: hogus, U. , •. PeKala and s. PerJcowski. Purification
of. tannery effluent wastes: pheno removal by irradiation. (Oczyss^czanie
sciefcow garbarsich: radiacyjne usuwanie fenoli.. ) Gaz, Woiia i Technika
Sanitarna, 10:302-301, 1975.
(t) SWIHS ACC.HO.: 036091
(2} DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CAWGOfcY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYtE: a (10) PUB.
IKAK: 1976
(111 ABSTRACT: Availdiile data on the oehavior of altericiui in plant
and soil systems are reviewed and analyzed. Aaericium is considered to
be a major radioactive pollutant and, of its 12 isotopes, aaericium-241
is generally regarded as the aost serious environmental hazard. Past
investigations which attempted to evaluate americium in soil and plant
systems demonstrated that cnanges in pa and the addition of various
concentrations of coaplexing or cbelaring ageuts to soils will
influence the biological availability ot americium in such systems. It
is therefore concluded that the cnelation ot anericium may increase
plant uptake and ieau to human i/einys via the food chain. It is
recommended that mechanisms ot chelation oe explored, since americium
can be toxic to plants and retard noraal plant growth. In addition,
factors affecting the biological availability and mobility ot americium
in soil systems, such as by local soil properties and microoial
•etabolisx, need further investigation. It is also recommended tuat the
•ode, rate, chemical form, ana amount of americium incorportated in
various plant organs be investigated. The use of americium as a tool
for measuring various soil parameters is discussed.
(12) KEIMOBDS: ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL; CHtHlCAL; CONCENI'RATIOH; FOOD;
HAZARDOUS; LAND; MEASUREMENTS; HtTAi; HOK-FBfifiOUS; PH; POi.LUTIO*i;
RADIOACTIVE; VEGETATION
(15) STIftS ACC.NO.: OOS3t>136
(18) DOC.CIT.: farown, K. W. Americiua - its behavior in soil and
plant systems. Las Vegas NV, 0. s. idnvironmenidl Protection Agency,
Jan. 1976, 11 p.
(1) SHIflS ACC.SO.:
(2) DOHJBSTIC: D (2) CAl-EGOhX: 0* (21 SUBJ.TXVE: S; T (10) PUB.
YBAB: ti*76
(111 ABSTRACT: The effects of soil cadmium levels on cadmiua uptaJce
by a number of forage species was studied experimentally in pot
cultures of alfalfa, white clover, sudangrass, tall fescue and
beruudagrass grown in soil to which municipal sewage sludge amended by
cadmium sulfate. The increasing use 01 sludges on agricultural and
pasture lands and the hign toxicxty of caamium to plants and animals
makes it desirable to know more about tne long-tec« influence ol
disposing sewage wastes on productive lands. Chemical analyses of plant
clippings and soil samples were perioraed after plant growth
experiments were completed. Soil analysis snowed cadmium concentrations
or. 15, JO, 40, 95 and 145 microyrams cadmium per yrain soil, associated
with a 2t>% yield depression tor sud«ingrass, alfalfa, clover, fescue and
240
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METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
bermudagrass- Corresponding cadaiu* concentrations in the plant
clippings were 9, 24, 17, 37 and 43 licrograins per grain.
(12) KEIWOR0S: AGBI CULT ffBE; ANALISIS; ASIHAL; CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL;
LAUD; JJETAL; HOUICIPALITI; SAMPLING HETBOBS; SEWAGE; SLUDGE; TOXIC;
YBGJBTATION
(\5\ SUMS ACC.NQ.: OOS35109
fiaj DOC.CIT. : binghaa, F. T. , A- L- Pag«, 8. J. Mahler.
University of California. lield and cadaio* accuaulation of torage
species in relation to cadniai content of slndge-aaenaed soil. Journal
of Environmental Quality, 5(1):57-60, 1976.
(1) SilBS ACC.NO.: 036017
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGQKI; 09 (2) SUBJ.TJPE: S; T (10) PUB.
I BAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The effects of municipal sewage effluent, and
effluent injected with an anaerobically digested liquid sludge, upon
the uptake of copper, zinc, cadniua and lead, by reed canarygrass and
corn are reported. The canarygrass was spray-irrigated throughout the
year froi 1964 through 1970 with effluent only, and the effluent pins
sludge during years 15*71, 72 and 73. The corn area received only
effluent during the growing season throughout the years 1963 to 1973.
Increased copper and zinc concentrations aad total uptake were ooserved
in the reed canarygrass. Irrigation of corn with effluent produced
little or no change in heavy Beta! uptake coi pared to that seen in
normally fertilized soil. The only hazard postulated by the authors may
be in the higher copper levels seen in the irrigated reed canarygrass
if fed to sheep. Zinc levels in both grass. and corn were well below
reported phytotoxic levels. Cadaiu* levels in the crops were below
those of effluent or soil and were regarded as desirable due to
ultimate toxic effects of cadiiui in the food chain.
(12) KEIHOBDS: ANAEROBIC; CKOP; DIGESTION; DISPOSAL; EFFLUENT;
IRRIGATION; LAND; LIVESTOCK; METAL; MUNICIPAL IT*; NON-FEBROUS; SEWAGE;
SLODGB; TOXIC; VEGETATION
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35062
(18) DOC.CIT.: Sidle, K. C. , J. E. Books, L. T. Kardos. Heavy
•etals application and plant uptake in a land disposal system for waste
water. Journal of Environ»ental Quality, 5{1):97-101, 197t>.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 035677
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGOaX: 09 (2) SOBJ.T1CPE: T (10) PUB.
IEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This paper relates to a. study on the properties of
industrial wastes containing toxic substances in Kanagawa Prefecture
during 1972 to 1974. An elution test was conducted on the 83 test
Materials collected fron various industrial wastes, and nine were found
to be hazardous. The various conditions for tae eiution test and
pretr eataent of test Materials for analysis ot cad»iu«, lead, chro«iu»,
and arsenic were investigated. The following subjects are discussed
concerning the factors which influence the elution test ot the wastes
containing toxic substances: amount of solution for the elution test
and the shape of the container; duration tor elution and solvent; and
eiution test of solution in suspension with the solvent. (Text in
Japanese)
(12) KEXWOflDS: ANALYSIS; CHROMIUM; HAZABliOOS; INDUSTbX;
INVESTIGATES; JAPAK; RfcSBASCH; SOLVt'HT; TOXIC; HATJih
(15) STIMS ACC.BO.: OOS34722
(10) DOC.CIT.: rsuchiya, K. , H. Fukui, K. Hatanabe, and K.
Takahashi. Sangyo haikibutsu no sei^ochosa to bunsekiho ni knasuru
kento. Investigation on properties of industrial vastes and its
analytical «ethod. Xosui to Haisui, 17 (10) : 1293-1300,
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 0356b3
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOHX: t>* (t) SObJ.TlfPE: S (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The soil and the plants in the wollongoug, Australia
area show relatively high contaainatlon by aetals. These heavy letals
probably travel by air; there is a strong correlation between the
levels in the soil and herbage, and the distance froa the saeltiug
241
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
complex. Another source of heavy netals for the harbors is the effluent
that is discharged from the rivulets which empty directly into the
harbor. The most important is Allan's Creek in which a number of
industries dump their el fluent. Mining operations in Hales have
contaminated river and sea water with zinc concentrations that range
from 0. 04 to 0. 25 ppm. These levels in Males were toxic to fish. The
levels in Wollongong harbor range in concentration rrom 0. 1 to 1. 34
ppm. Compared to normal sea water, the concentration of zinc in the
•idharbor water is ten times higner, copper is forty, manganese is 70,
iron is 120, cadmium is 350, and lead is 10,000 times higher, the main
source of this heavy pollution is industrial outfalls.
(12) KEYWORDS: COBCESTRATIOM; EABI-H; EFFLUENT; FISH; HARBOR;
1HDOSIB I; IKOB; HBTAL; BOH-FBRHOUS; OCEAS; POLLOTIOB; TOXIC;
VEGETATION; HATER; WATERWAY
(15) STIBS ACC.BO.: 0OS34703
(18) DOC.CIT.: Heavingtoo, F. Pollution by heavy metals of rivulet
and harbour water in Hollongong. search, 6(9):390-391, Sept. 1975.
(1) SHIBS ACC.BO.: UJ5350
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOB1; 09 (2} SUBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
YBAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: In August residents of a low lying part of Tokyo
noticed yellow water seeping out of the ground. It was found to contain
100 parts per million o± hexavalent chromium. Demands to trace the
source of the chromiun led to the discovery that the local government
had known for some time that, the Nippon Chemical Co. had dumped 527,000
tons of hexavalent chromiun polluted slag at 34 sites in around Tokyo
between 1938 and 1971. Nippon Chemical admitted that it had concealed
information from the Labour Standards Office about deaths from lung
cancer of eight workers involved in the production of Bichromate soda
from chromium ore. An investigation revealed that the death rate among
Bippon Chemical workers was 2b. 5 times greater than the national
average. The total cost of the cleanup is estimated at 1000 million
yen. The company says it is unable to pay for such a cleanup. The
ministry of International Trade and Industry launched a nationwide
survey of chromate pollution. Other firms were dumping hexavalent
chromium slag in residential areas. Urine samples from employees and
area residents contained high amounts or the metal. A news agency
carried out its own survey and tound out that 41 people have died from
diseases related to hexavalent chromium and 232 persons are suffering
from perforation of the nasal septum, an occupational disease in the
chromium industry. An organization called the Council of Hexavalent
Chromium Pollution Victims has been set up to fight for adequate;
compensatiou.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; CHKOHIUfl; DIbEASE; £COBOBICS; GOVERBBEBT;
HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY; JAPAN; LOCAL; HfcTAL; NOU-FERKOUS; PERSONNEL;
POU.OTIOB; SLAG; TOIIC
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS34395
(18) 00C.CIT.: Fairborn, J. Chromium pollution hits Japan. Hew
Scientist 67(967):650, Sept. 18, 1975.
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 033673
(2) DOflESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: ti (10) PUB.
XEARr 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The increasing frequency of red tides (massive
quantities of plankton) in Japan's Inland Sea is being Dlamed on the
dumping of waste products in the sea. The cause of red tides nas never
been well established, but there is strong conjecture that it is being
caused by the dumping since 1957 of huge amounts of waste containing
cadmium and mercury. Consequences have been the destruction of fish and
shellfish in the waters, or the rendering of seafood harmful lor human
consumption. Two fishermen's cooperatives have appealed to the .Japanese
Environmental Dispute Coordination Commission for help.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; DOKPING; FISH; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH;
IBDOSTBI; JAPAN; OCEAM; TOXIC
(15) ST1HS ACC.BO.: OOSJ27t7
(18) DOC.CIT-: Cadmium and mercury cause more problems in Japan.
Hew scientist, 67(961):320, Aug. 7, 1975.
242
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METALS AMD TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 033014
(2) UOKBST1C: ? (2) CATEGOfelf: 0* (2) SUUJ.TIPK: I 110) PUB.
IBAR: 1975
(11J ABSTRACT: Discussion on the collection, detoiitication, and
disposal of dangerous and toxic wastes, is presented. Dangerous and
toxic wastes, both solid and liquid, should be sucjected to preliminary
treat»eat at the site vnere they are generated, and transferred to
regional specialized treataent facilities for final treat*ent and
disposal. Liquid wastes should be concentrated, and, whenever possible,
dangerous and toxic vastes snould be incinerated. Disposal in quarries
should be abandoned in view to groundwater contamination aazards. (text
in French)
(12) KEYWORDS: CEMTBALI&EU; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; IHCINBKATION;
LIQUID; QUAliBI; TOXIC; fBEATHKNt
(15) STiaS ACC.NO.: OOSJ2056
(18) DOC.CIT.: Collecte et traiteaeut des dechets toxiques et
dangereux. Collection and tieatoent of toxic and dangerous wastes.
Iraiteients de Surface, (135>:7-i;, Jan. /Feb. 1975.
(1) SKIES ACC.ttO.: 033609
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOfcy: Oa (2) SUbJ.TYi'E: S; r (10) ?Uh.
TEAK: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: An outbreak ot poisoning in huaaus, aotses and other
aniaals led to the identification of tetracblorodibenzodioxin as the
apparent cause. Exposure Mas related to the spraying of contaainated
waste oii. on riding areans for dust control. The contamination resulted
fro* the improper disposal or a toxic industrial waste. The pathologic
effects and chenical identification ot tetrachlorodibenzodioxin are
described.
(12) KliJiOBDS; CHOUCAL; DISPOSAL; HAZAKDOUS; HEAJ-ra; IBOOSfRr;
TOXIC
(15) SUMS ACC.MO.: OOS32653
(18) DOC.CIT.: fetrachlorodibenzodioxin: An accidental poisoning
episode oj» horse arenas. Science, 1U8 (aib9) :738-740, Hay 1975.
243
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section 9
PESTICIDES
(10} LANGUAGE:
(11} ABSTRACT:
(1} SHIRS ACC.80.: 04705
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PESTICIDES
unnacted natal phosphide in the residue has been converted to a
harmless state.
(12) KEIWORDS: ALKALINE; GASES; HAZARDOUS BAS1E; HETAL; PH;
PHOSFHOBOS; PROCESS; KES1DUE; TOXIC; fitEATMEST
(14) HIBBABCH TBKBS: 1UA/2HG; 1IC/2I2
(15) STIHS ACC-NO.: OOS43B14 .
(16) CITATION: Bergen-BnJtheim, Germany, filed Mar. 14, 1975 issued
lug. 2, 1977.
(1) SNIBS ACC.MO.: 043749
(2) DORBSTIC: D (2) CATEGOBI: 09 (2) SUisJ.TIPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Pesticides in agricultural runoff.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Control of Water Pollution from Cropland. V.2.
An overview. (8) BEPOBT NO.: AKS-H-5-2
(10) LANGUAGE: ED (10) PUB. IEAB: 197b
(11) ABSTKACT: The existence of pesticides in agricultural runoff
is investigated. Information on pesticide persistence in soil, which
affects the relationship between the amount of residue moved in runoff
and the time elapsed since the application of a pesticide, is provided.
Characteristic levels of pesticides found in the aquatic ecosystem are
noted. The impact of pesticides on aquatic organisms is assessed.
Hethods for removing pesticide residues fron the aquatic environment
ace described, and areas within the broad area of pesticides in runoff
that require additional research are identified. Statistical data are
provided on trends in the use of agricultural pesticides in various
countries. The dissipation of pesticides troi treated land is
discussed. Factors affecting the pathway of pesticide movement into
mater courses are noted as adsorption and solubility, leachability, and
formulation. Factors influencing the amount of pesticides moved into
water courses include the time after application, persistence in soil,
antecedent soil moisture, proximity to water courses, and placement of
pesticides. A bibliography on pesticide management practices is
provided.
(12) KEXHOBDS: AGRICULTURE; UIBLIOGRAPHI; DATA; GBOUN0 WATER;
HAZABDOOS; 1HTEBNATIONAL; LEACH; PESTICIDE; BESIDOE; SOIL; T1HE;
wATEBWAI
(14) BIEBABCB TfiBBS: IRA; tPK; 1HA/2WA
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00542792
(16) CITATIOH: Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office,
June 1976. p.91-119.
(1) SHIBS ACC.MO.; 043742 (2) CAIBGOflX: 09 (2) SUtiJ.TXPE; G
(3) ABTICLE TITLE: Landfills for pesticide waste disposal.
(ft) AOTHOB: Ghassemi H
(6) JOOBHAL TITLE: Environmental Science and Technology
(10) LANGUAGE: EN {10} PUB. JEAh: 1976
(11) ABSTBACT: Information is presented on the social, political,
economic, and institutional aspects of the establishment and operation
of landfills for the disposal of pesticides and other hazardous wastes.
Data is presented for seven existing landfills which accept pesticide
wastes. The landfills represent a wide spectrum of waste processing and
disposal methods, site characteristics, and operating agencies. The
following general conclusions are offered: (1) when possible, a
sparsely populated or isolated location is most desirable; (2) in
landfills receiving pesticides and uonhazardous wastes it is preferable
if a portion of the site is fenced off aaa devoted solely to the
disposal of pesticides; (3) positively worded signs are psychologically
•ore acceptable to the public tuan "hazardous waste" signs; (4) an
effective public relations program is valuable to the acceptance of a
pesticide disposal site; (5) rinsing regulations are difficult to
enforce; (6) high fees, elaborate paper work, and limited hours will
discourage potential users; (7) industrial waste generators prefer to
d«al with those operating financially sound and environmentally aware
disposal sites; and (8) resourrro recovery, involving reconditioning and
245
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
reuse of rinsed pesticide containers, is environmentally more desirable
than container disposal in landfills.
(12) KBYHORDS: COHTAIBER; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
HABAGBBBKC; PBSTICIDB; PUBLIC EOLATIONS; RECLAMATION; 3AB1TARY LANDFILL
(14) H1SK1UCH TEHHS: 1ED; IPEj 1SD
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOS42785 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Quinlivan
SC; Day HB
(16) CITATION: 10(13) : 1209-1214, Dec. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC-BO.: 043463
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2} SUBJ.TYPE: I
(4) AUTHOR: Duvall DS
(5J CORPORATE AUTHOR: Univ. of Dayton Research Institute
(6) BOOK TITLE: Laboratory Evaluation of High-Temperature
Destruction of Kepone and Belated Pesticides. (8) REPOBI BO.:
EPA-600/2-760299
(9) GRANT BO.: R-&Q3540-01-0
(10) WBGUA6E: EM (10) FOB. TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Thermal destruction testing nas conducted with three
pesticides: Kepone, Barex, and DDT. A specialized laboratory technique
incorporating a two stage quartz system vas developed. It is important
to note that in this system the pesticide was first converted to the
gas phase, then exposed to the high temperature destruction conditions.
Critical parameters of temperature and residence time vere accurately
•easured. Both the Kepone aud DDT molecules, at a residence time were
accurately measured, coth the Kepone and DDT molecules, at a residence
time of 1 second, were essentially destroyed at 500 degrees C; however,
Hirex, at the save residence time, required 700 degrees C for
destruction. (Retained in SUIttS library).
(12) KEYHORDS: EQUIPMENT; UAS1FICATION; PKSTICIDt; hfiSEARCH;;
TEMPERATURE; TOXIC
(14) HIERAfiCH TERMS: 1BA/2H6; 1FK
(15) STIflS ACC.BO.: OOS42526 (15) SECOBDARY AOTHORS: Rubey KA
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, OB, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Dec. 1976. 70 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 042809
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOHX: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPB: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: influence of different, organochlorine pesticides
on the development of the sea urchin embryo.
(4) AUTHOR: ttresch H
(6) JODRBAL TITLE: Environmental Research
(10) LANGUAGE: EB (10) PUB. TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The action of the pesticides aldriu, dieldria,
endrin, heptachlor, DDT, and methoxychlor, on the development of
fertilized sea urchin eggs vas investigated. Uieldrin did not affect
development, endrin demonstrated slight effect and aldrin led to
greatly abnormal development and lysis of the embryos. DDT also
affected development but less than alurin. Hethoxychlor demonstrated
toxic effects similar to those observed with aeptachlor. Independent of
these morphological observations, data on the incorporation ot
(3H)thyaidine in early developmental stages Mere obtained, unliiie all
other compounds, methoxyculor significantly inhibited deoxyribouucleic
acid synthesis. In contrast to the efiects produced here, methoxychlor
is much less toxic to mamnals than DDT. The meaning of these results
for practical purposes is discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: AB1MAL; CHLORINE; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; HAZARDOUS;
ORGANIC; PESTICIDE; RESEARCH; TOXIC
(14) BIEBARCH TERMS: lEU; IDA; 1P£
(15) ST1MS ACC.NO.: OOS4t«52 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Arenolt 0
(16) CITATION: 13(1):121-128, Feb. 1977.
246
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PESTICIDES
(1) SHIRS ACC.80.: 042516
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEtiORJ: 09 (2) SUBJ.TJPE: 1
(<•) lUTHOfi: Ghasseni n
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: TkH Systeas, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: A Study ot Selected Land!ills Designed as Pesticide
Disposal Sites.
(8) »TIS HO.: PB250717 (8) 8EPORT BO.: jiPA-530/SK-1l4C (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 68-01-2956
(10) LANGUAGE: JSN (10) GKO. AR£A: 1US/2CA; 1US/2GA; 1U3/21A;
10S/2ID; 1DS/2LA; 10S/2HO; 10S/2MS; 10S/2NV (10) PUB. KEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Results are presented of au indepth survey into the
various aspects ot selected landfills used foe the disposal of
pesticide waste. Specific sxtes choseu ror operations investigation
vere the Agricultural Che»ical Container Disposal Sites in Nevada; Hes
Con Inc.. Titan Sites in Idaho; Powersville Sanitary Landfill in
Georgia; Concrete Culverts tor Pesticide Encapsulation in Sanitary
Landfills in Mississippi; Kneeling Disposal Site in Missouri;
Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc., Landfill in Louisiana; Des Moines
Metropolitan solid Haste Agency Sanitary Landfill in lova; and tae Big
Blue Bills Disposal Site, Siai Sanitary Landfill, and Imperial County
Pesticide Container Disposal sites all in California. Information
collected on the ten sites indicated that siailanties and differences
among the sites operations and establishment reflected primarily those
between state regulations, local waste disposal needs, and cost
factors. Results of the survey are detailed and are intended lor use as
a literature source and Manual for the pesticide disposal site planner.
(Retained in SHIRS library)
(12) KETBOHDS: CALIFORNIA; CtilftRIA; DISPOSAL; GEORGIA; IDAHO;
IIFOBNATION; 10BA; LOUISIANA; MISSISSIPPI; MISSOURI; NEVADA; OPERATIONS
RESEARCH; PESTICIDE; PLANNING; SAJilrArtX LANDFiLL; S1TJSS; SURVEY
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HA/2HP; 1PE; ISb/^li
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS41559 (15) SECONUARi AUTHORS: yuinlivan 5
(16) CITATION: Washington, DL, O.i. Knvironeental Protection
Agency, »ov. 1975. 131 p.
(1) SfIRS ACC.»0.: OH2515
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUUJ.TlfPE: S; T
(4) AOTHOfc: yuinliran s
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: TRW systeas, Inc
(6) BOOK TITLE: Survey of Methods Used to Control Bastes Containing
Hexachlorobenzene.
(8) NT1S »0.: PB253051 C«) RfiPOB'i NO.: £PA-530/t>B-120c (a)
COKTBACT NO.: bfl-01-2956
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1*75
(11) ABSTRACT: Survey results of Bethods used to control wastes
containing hexachiorobenzene (HCu) are discussed. The specific
objectives of the survey were to identify the sources and
characteristics of lanufacturing wastes containing HCu, to review and
docuient Methods used for treatment
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SWIRS ACC»«0.: 0423'Jo
(2) DOBSSTIC-. D (2) CATL'GOhi : Oa (2) SUbJ.TYPE: 5; 1
!3) AkTICLfc TITLE: Distribution, metabolism and perinatal toxicity
of pesticxdes with reference to food safety evaluation: a review of
selected literature.
(4) AOTHOS: Khera KS
(b) BOOK TITLE: In Mehimafl, ft. A., h. E. Shapiro, and H.
Bluaenthal, eds, Sew Concepts in Safety Evaluation.
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) FOB. YEAR: 1976
(11} ABSTRACT: Information is presented ou a wide background of
pesticides which are constantly exposed to huians. Their likely uses,
cheaical coaposition, i«puritiss, distribution in food coaaodities,
metabolites or degradation products, pernissaole levels of hu»an
intaKe, and teratogenic potential are suaaarized. Interaction on
pesticide sarety for human fetal development is stressed.
112) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL;
COMPOSITION; EFFECT; EXPOSURE; FOOD; HEALTH; bUMAH;
MANUAL; PESTICIDE; SAFETY; 'foxiv.
HIERABCH TEKMS: 1AE; 1Mb; 1*ji
SflMS ACC.yO.: 0034143-*
(tb) CITATION: Sat.hinytt>n, DC, demispiiere publishing Corpordtxon,
1976.
(14)
0» (2j SObJ .llfl't'; G
Mounting quantities of pesticioe wastes require
(1) SWIPS ACC-MO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CAT£Go«Y:
(3) Aftl'ltLE TITLK:
safe burial sites.
(bj JOURNAL TlTLt: Solid hastes f!«iaage»ent
(10) LANGUAGE : EH (10) P06. SEAB: 1i*76
(11) AhSTEACT: An in dei-th case study of 10 landfilis wnich are
ust^ exclusively tor pesticide wastes, or were designed to accept, a
variety of »ateriais including pesticides is exaained. The sites: varied
widely in their history, purpose, and mode ot operation. The type and
quantity of wastes accepted also differed considerably. Eight 01 the 10
sites have no onsite, preaisposal wastes treatnent. Tne cost of
establisiunij aixd running a pesticide disposal site as considered.
Certain conclusions are drawn wftich are applicable to tne planniny,
establishment, and operation ot ail waste disposal sites. There is a
great need for such sites, lihen feasible, landfills snould be
established in isolated areas, inhere a portion of a site is used £or
pesticide disposal, tnat portion shouJd be fenced off ana postea . An
effective pu01ic relations protjraa j.s i«portant in securing comaunity
acceptance of a disposal site, hinsing regulations are Hard to eniorce
but desirable. High gate tees and limited opening hours can discourage
users. Resource recovery, iuv^lving the reuse 01 larye containers and
tne s&reading or rinsed containers to Salvage netals, is:
environmentally store uesiracle than landfill disposal ana is more
acceptaole to the public.
(12J KE5NOKDS: CONfAiNEh; (-ONfBOL; DISPOSAL; tiki AKDOUS; MANAGEMENT;
PESTICIDE; HOBLIC RfcLATJOBS ; SAOITAhS LANDFILL
(14) KI2KAKCH ThEKS: 1hA/2Ht , 1iL;
(15) STirtS ACL.HQ.; 00b4l21j
(16) CITATION: 19{13);3b, 5o~D7, wee.
(1) SfclRS ACC.SO.: G
(2) UOflKSTIC: D (2J CATEGOKST: 0^ (Z) bUbJ.TYPt: X
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: i,and disposal of hazardous wastes: an exoBple
froa Hopeweil, Virginia.
(4) AUTHOR: Wali Db
(6) JOOSNAL Tll'LK: Ground Vtater
(10) LANbJAO£: ES (10) GtO. ARtA: 1US/2VA/3HW (10) POb. 1EAK:
197?
(11) ABSTKACr: In early September 1b/3 a Technical Cuvxittee was
estat iisneu by ttie Virginia State Department of Hc-alth to clean up and
dispose uf
-------
PESTICIDES
Hopewell landfill. The disposal pit was designed to encapsulate the
wastes in clay and plastic, The project was completed in «arly (larch
1976. The disposal site is monitored by tue Virginia State Mater
Control Board via an observation well and an underdrawn system.
(12) KEYWORDS: bOkl ; CLAY; DISPOSAL; GROUND MATER; LAUD; LEACH;
HOKITOB; HUJJICIPALITY; PESTICIDE; PLASTIC; PROGiJAfl; SAlilTiRI LABDFILL;
SITES; VIRGINIA
nH\ HIEhARCH TERMS: 1HA; 1PK; 1i>U/2SG
(15) STIfiS ACC.HO.: OOS-60, Jan.-Fee. 197?.
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 041622
(2J DOHESTIC; 0 (2) CATEGORY: 09 (?) SUBJ.TIPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: Lawsou G (10) GEG. AREA: 1DS/2FL (10] PUB. JEA8:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT; Disposal o£ pesticides in Dade County, Florida, is a
serious problem because of heavy year round agricultural activity
necessitating the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Principal methods
for disposing of deteriorated pesticides and empty containers are
burial, open burning, open storage, and open dumping. because burial
sites are unmarked, there is no accurate account o£ how widely this
practice is used. Burning is done in open uld bf? considered «* major healtii
249
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
hazard. Smaller animals and pets would be exposed to subiethal levels
of phorate compound under these circumstances.
(12) KEYWORDS: CLEANUP; CONTAINER; HAZARDOUS; INVESTIGATION;
PESTICIDE; PROCESS; RESIDUE; WASH
(14) HIEHARCH TERMS: 1P£
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS40564 (15) SECONDAHI AUTHORS: Tomson PA;
Witt JH
(16J DOC.CIT.: Lamberton, J. G. , P. A. Tomson, and J. B. Mitt.
Pesticide container decontamination by aqueous wash procedures.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 16(5):528-535,
NOT. 1976.
(t) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041459
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATBGOBI: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(H) AUTHOR: Bokil SO (10) GEO. ABEfe: UV^IN (10) PUB. YEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The overall problem of the widespread presence of
pesticides in the environment is discussed from the point of view of
environmentalists concerned about the integrity of the environment. The
aspects covered include the grouts ot the pesticide industry in India,
the presence of pesticides on land, in air and water and the
consequential effects on ecological cycles. The mechanisms of pesticide
action and the toxic effects on living beings are also considered.
(12) KEYWORDS: CONTROL; ECOLOGY; EFFECT; ENVIRONMENT; FAR EAST;
HUHAN; INDIA; INDUSTRY; PESTICIDE; TOXIC
(1ft) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1EIJ; 1PB
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS4050J (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: lyengar 1.
(18) DOC.CIT.: Bokil, S. D. , and L. lyengar. Pesticides in the
environment. Journal of scientific and Industrial Research,
34(11):625-630, Nov. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 040949
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) 6EO.
AREA: 1US/2VA (10) FOB. IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Difficulties experienced by Allied Chemical in the
disposal of kepone and materials contaminated by kepone are explored.
The selection of disposal methods and sites is a major problem.
Particular reference is made to the problems caused by kepone iu the
James River area of Virginia. The Justice Department ordered Allied
Chemical to pay for the costs of cleaning up the James River ami stated
that it should aake suitable remuneration for expenses incurred by the
Environmental Protection Agency in sampling, monitoring, and analyzing
various media for kepone. The expenses of the Environmental Protection
Agency have exceeded $1 million, according to the Justice Department.
Allied Chemical was fined $13. 2 million in October 1976 for
discharging kepone into the James River. Burning tests, which would
cost the Environmental Protection Agency $116,000 and the state of
Virginia $84,000, were scheduled to begin in late October 197b and were
to have been completed in November 1976. Based on the results of these
tests, a mobile incineration was to be designed for use in disposing of
kepone. Allied Chemical faced engineering difficulties and the tests
were rescheduled for December 1976 or January 1977. Problems involved
in the disposal of burnable and nonburnable materials are delineated.
(12) KEYWORDS: CBEHICAL; CLEANUP; DISPOSAL; ECOtiOBICS; EPA; FINE;
HAZAfiDOUS; INCINERATOR; INDUSTRY; MOVABLE; PROCESS; SITES; TOXIC;
VIRGINIA; WATERWAY
(14) H1ERAECH TERMS: 1TD/1DU
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS39993
(18) DOC.CIT.: Allied has hard time disposing of kepone. chemical
and Engineering mews, 54(49):6. Nov. 29, 1976.
250
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PESTICIDES
(t) SMIRS ACC.NO.: 04053S
(2) DOBESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY; 09 {2} SUBJ.TYPK: S
(4) AUTHOR: Grisott P (10) . A«£A; IMF; 1PE (10) PUB. YKAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The use of new pesticides with entomopathogenic
germs such as Bacillus thuringiensis raises the problei of knowing the
fate of the microorganisms introduced and disseminated in large naabers
in the agricultural or forest ecosystems in order to control the
populations of insect pests. For this purpose an air sacpling was
developed by comparing the performances of several types of sensors as
veil as a soil sampling which allows separate scrutiny of the
superficialcial plant litter and the subterranean layers it covers. The
investigations regularly effected in each intervention zone allowed
study of the gern survival and persistence : whereas in the air layer
the B. thuringiensis spores CC*D no more be detected after two or three
years by the sensors utilized because of their important dispersion, in
the soil top layers their accumulation which renains more easy to
detect seems to Bake possible a longer study of the persistence. The
trials achieved in addition to determine the influence of the
environment factors on the yen survival reveal the protecting effect
of the forest stands as far as tne role of ultraviolet rays and sun
rays are concerned. The mode of conta«ication see«s to play a
predominant role in the reactions towards the environment factors.
(Text in French)
(12) KEYBORDS: AIB; COMTROi,; BABTb; EFFEC1; EHVIROSHENT; EOSOPE;
F8ABCE; IBSBCT; INVESTIGATION; B1C8GO«GAN1SH; PESTICIDE; POLLUTION;
SAMPLING HEIHODS; TRAUSPOHT
(14) HIEBAkCB 1'EfiMS: 1BD
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 00i>3957«< (1!>) bECOHDAKY AUTHORS: Hartouret D;
Servais B
(18) DOC.C1T.: Grison, P. , D. riartouret, aud B. Servais.
Pesticides aicrobiens et environnevent. (Pesticides and eflvironaent. }
Annales de 'ioologie Ecologie Aninale, 8 (2): 133-160, 197b.
(1) SKIRS ACC.HO.: 040473
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY.: 09 (2) SOuJ-TIPB: S; T
(*) AOtHOB: Adams RT (10) GEO. AKEA: IPt (10) PUB. IEAK: 1916
(11) ABSTRACT: Simulation of contaminant Reactions and Hovement
(SCRAR) is a computer simulation designed to predict the movement ot
pesticides from agricultural lands. SURAH is coaposed of deterministic
submodels which describe the following physical processes:
infiltration, percolation, evaporation, runoff, sediment loss,
pesticide adsorption and desorption in the soil profile, pesticide
•icrobial degradation in the soil profile, and pesticide
volatilization. SCRAH predictions or these physical processes are
compared to experimental data furnished by the Southeast Environmental
Research Laboratory in cooperation with tne southern i'ledmout
Conservation Research Center. Simulated runott for two small watersheds
(less than 3 hectares) near Athens, Ueorgia, agrees reasonably well
with experimental data. Sediment loss is not as accurately predicted.
Predictions of pesticide loss in the runoif and on the sediment are iu
reasonable agreement with experimental data if allowance is made for
the effects of inaccurately predicting sediment loss. (Retained in
SHIRS library)
(12) KEYHORDS: AGS1COLTURE; BIOLOGICAL; COMPO'I'Efc; DECOMPOSE; EARTH;
BROSIOB; EVAPOBATiOH; GEOKG1A; HYDROLOGY; HATdEHATICAL HODEL;
PERCOLATE; PESTICIDE; PROCESS; PROJKC'JCION; 5IBOLATIOM; XKAHSPORT;
BATESHAY
(14) UIERARCE TERMS: 1AE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS39S17 (1i) SECOSDAkY AUTHU8S: Kuriso FM
(18) 00C.CIT.: Adams, R. T. , and F. B. Kuriso. Simulation of
pesticide movement on small agricultural watershed. Environmental
Protection Publication EPA-600/3-?6~066. Athens, GA, 0. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, sept. 1<»7b. 342 p. (Ecological
Research Series. )
251
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1J SMRS ACC.NO.: 040097
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORr: Oy (2) SOBJ.TYFE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Tang HS (10) GEO. AREA: 1FD/2FX (10) PUB. IEAK:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Sugarbeet pulp and molasses from 57 processing
plants in 16 states sampled for pesticide residues. Ho molasses saaples
contained detectable pesticide residues, out aoout 15 percent ot the
pulp samples contained lov levers ot dieldrin, toxaphene, or l)ET and
its degradation products. Sugarbeet pulp, when used as ani»al feed, can
be a source of pesticidal contamination ot huian tood. Three tallies
present nuaber and type of sanples collected, cneaical conpounds, and
arithmetic aean and range of pesticide residues.
(12) KEYWORDS: ABALYSIS; CATTLE; tHEMICAi.; CajuOKlNE; CONTAHiSATE;
FEED; HAZARDOUS; URGA»IC; PESTICIDE; PLAHT-IN^USTRIAL; PULP; RESIDUE;
SOGAB; TECHNOLOGY; TUlIC; US
(14) HIERARCH TEKMS: IPt
(IS) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS39141 (15} SECONDARY AUTHORS: (litehell UG;
Hiersia Gfl
(18) DOC.CIT.: lang, U. S. , (i. b. Kiersia, and M. G. Hitcheil,
Organochlorine pesticide residues in sugar beet pulps aiid aolasses lro«
16 states, 1971. pesticides Monitorinc, Journal, lu (2) :41-U3, Sept. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03941*9
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATfiGOKX: 09 (2) bUBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
YBAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Three cftronic Dioassays ot the widely usea
insecticide Guthiou were conducted tilth fathead oinnous. All tests were
begun with eggs, and the longest lasted 20 days after terniuation or
spawning, a total of 250 days. Parameters «easurea Here survival,
growth, fecundity, and growth and survival of second ^eueration fry and
eggs. The most sensitive criteria tor etfect of the toxicant was
fecundity. The ataxiaui acceptable toxicant concentration was between 0.
33 and 0. 51 «icrogra«s/liter Gutniou and the application factor
between . 00017 and . 00027. {Retained in SW1HS libraiy)
(12) KEYWORDS: EFFECT; FliiH; OBGASIC; PESTICIUE; PHOSPHATE;
POLLUTIOH; QOAL1TI; RfiSEAKCH; TOXIC; WATER
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: 0033651*3
(18) DOC.CIT.: Adelaan, I. Jt. , and L. L. Smith, Jr.. Standard test
fish development, part 2. chronic toxicity of guthion to the fathead
• innow. Environmental Protection Publication EPA-600/3-7e.-061o. Duluth,
HM, U.S. Environaental Protection Agency, July 1976. 31 p. (Ecological
Research Series. )
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 039472
(2) DOHESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SBBJ.TIPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Tae presence and effects of pesticides (i. e. ,
insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc. ) and industrial toxicants
in the estuarine ecosystem are presented. The industrial toxicants
refer, primarily, to polychlorinated oiphenyls, out pnthaiate esters,
polychlorinated terphenyls, chlorinated dibenzodioxins ana
dibenzorurans are also discussed. The review covers literature of the
last decade, with emphasis on the Bust recent 5 years, however, the 700
plus references in the bibliography span a much wider'range. A perauted
keyword retrieval systei (SPIMDEX) is provided to allow practical use
of the bibliography by scientists, scadenicians, and societal decision
• akers. (Retained in StilRS library)
(12) KEXUORDS: BIBLIOGRAPHY; DATA; ECOLOGi; EFFECT; LITERATURE;
OBGAS1C; PESTICIDE; POlICHLURIhATED; SIMTHETIC; TOXIC; WATEBWAX
(15J STIHS ACC.SO.: OOS38616
(18) DOC.CIT.: Liueer, J. L. , H. £. Haynes, and fl. L. Klein. The
ecological iapact of synthetic organic conpouuds on estuarine
ecosystems. Environmental Protection Publication jiPA-600/3-76-075. Gulf
Breeze, FL, 0. S. Euvirouaental Protection Agency, Sept. 1976. 364 p.
(Ecological Research Series. )
252
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PESTICIDES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039390
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKI: 09 U) SUBJ.TXPE: S (10) PUB.
IEAB; 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: hesuits ot laboratory studies to quantitatively
predict chemical and photocheaical transior nation rates and products of
pesticides in water are presented. Included is a general discussion ot
relevant transformation processes and associated Kinetic expressions.
The processes treated in most detail are hydrolysis, direct photolysis,
and reaction with singlet oxygen. Implications of other processes such
as oxidation and sensitized photolysis are also discussed. Results of
detailed studies are included tor the pesticides, nalathion, carbaryl,
•ethoxychlor, captan, and 2,4-D esters. The Measured rate constants and
half lives indicate that chemical and/or photocheBical processes of
these compounds are likely to i>e important in the aquatic environment.
(12J KEXHOBDS: ABALYSIS; CBKHICAL; DECOMPOSE; EFFjiCT; HIDfiOtrSIS;
LIGHT; OXIDAT10H; PESTICIDE; POLLUTION; PROCESS; SISTEB; TRANSPORT;
HA TEH
(15) ST1HS ACC.HO.: 00534434
(18) OOC.CIT.: Bolf, L. H. , fi. G. 2epp, and G. Bauyhman. Chemical
and photocheBical transformation of selected pesticides in aquatic
systems. Environmental Protection Puolication EPA-600/3-76-067. Athens,
GA, 0. S. Environmental Protection Ayency, Sept. 1976. 141 p.
(Ecological Research Series. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 039379
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATBGOkl: 09 (2) SUBJ.TTPE: S (10) PUB.
IBAfii 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Cheiical degradation/detoxification Methods for the
disposal of stall quantities of pesticide wastes are studied. The
objective is to advise pesticide users of safe, readi-ty available
chemical Methods for pesticide disposal. Another objective is to warn
th
(12) KEYWORDS: CMEH1CAJL,; O.ASSIF1CAT10B; OECOBPOSK; UIBECTOBX;
DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; MANUAL; PESTICIDE; PUBLIC; TECBNOLOG!
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS3&423
(Id) DOC.CIT.: Shih, C. C. , and a. f. DalPorto. Handbook for
pesticide disposal by coaaon cheaical Methods. Environnental Protection
Publication EPA-530/sw-112c. wasington, 0. s. Environaental Protection
Agency, Bee. 1975. 109 p. (Distributed by national Technical
Information Services, Springfield. VA, as Pb 252 064. )
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 03U832
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEKOBlf: 09 U) SUfaJ.fYPE: S; If (10) PUb-
IBAit: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Applications ot aacroreticular XAD 2 resin sorption
Methods fo the convenient Monitoring of selected lipophilic
contaminants in water are discussed, in one extensive study the
concentrations of three pesticides, atrazine, DDE, and dieldrin, in
various surface, subsurface and finished watecs were Measured. The
aaounks ranged froM several Micro^raMS to less than one Danogran per
liter (ng/1) of water. Surface water tro» every major watershed in the
State of Iowa bad appreciable levels of contamination witn seasonal and
climatic fluctuations which were consistent with an agricultural runoff
model. Haters from shallow wells and iron water treatment plants were
also contaminated. The contamination was either not detected or found
at less than one ng/1 in water from deep wells located outside the
alluvial plain of contaminated rivers. Hater treatment processes, even
charcoal bed filtration as employed at one modern treataeut plant, were
shown to be ineffective in reducing the pesticide concentration, other
applications and tests of the resin sorption method for monitoring
selected organic contaminants are presented, as veil as numerous tables
and diagrams. (Document retained in SKIus library. )
(12) KEISORDS: COmCENTfiATlOM; CUMTAHINATE; IOWA; DEASURJ-IHENTS;
aomroB; PESTICIDE; PROCESS; &ESEARCU; RESIN; UNIVERSITY; HATER;
HATES HAT
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOS37d76
(IB) DOC.CIT.: Junk, u. A. , J. J. Richard, and J. S. Fritz. Hesin
sorption methods for monitoring selected contaminants in water. Ames,
Iowa State University, 1976. 43 p.
253
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 03B587
12) DOHESTIC: D (2) CAT£tiOKl: 09 (2) SOBJ.PYPE: S {10] PUB.
I BAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Forty nine reports on endrin toxicity and
distribution in freshwater are snaaarized. Endrin is one of the aost
toxic of all economic poisions to fish. The review exaaines acute
toxi.ci.ty to fish, freshwater insects and Crustacea, the effects of
chronic toxicxty on growth, gonad development, thyroid activity, serua
characteristics, body fat, behavior and mortality, endnn uptake in
various species of fish, endrin resistance in freshwater organises,
factors affecting endrin toxicity and the environmental distribution of
endrin. Haxiaal amounts oi i pptr endrin in water are reconnected if
aquatic organises are to be protected.
(12) KEYWORDS: CAUFOBH1A; COilTBOL; EFFECT; £«V1ROHH£KT; FISH;
H1SSOOH1; PESTICIDE; POLLOTXOH; TOXIC
(15) SUMS SCC.80.: OGS37631
(18) DOC.CIT-: Grant, B. i- Endrin toxicity and distribution in
freshwater: a review, bulletin of Environitental Contaaination and
Toxicology, 15(3):283-290, flar- 1976.
(1} SH1BS ACC.MO.: 038563
(2) DOHBSTIC: F (2) CATEGOBX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) FOB.
IBlRs 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: An epideBiological study oi pesticide levels; is
•otivated by the very saall nuaber of determinations carried out in
Prance aaong the unexposed population. A further aim of the study is to
atteapt to establish correlation between the highest blood levels and
the source of the polluting substances with a view to suggesting
preventive aeasures to reduce the contaaination. It is noted that
surveys of various kinds are usually designed to deternine the
quantities of contaminants ingested Kith food as the aost important,
but not the only route of intake, it is concluded that use uf household
insecticides in the hone and deteraination of tne levels of
contaaination caused by their use Bay be the critical basis in
deteraination of the source and effect of environmental pollutants on
huaan health. (Text in French)
(12) KETtiOBDS: COMTAMIHATE; DUfiBSXIC; Bi-lDEHiULOGI; FOOfi; PAK1S;
PESTICIDE; POLLUTION; BWJOC'i'lOB; OXILi'iE
(15) STIflS ACC.UO.: 005376U/
(18) DOC.CIT.: Piva, C. , W. L. Etthy«iou, and E. Fournier. Enguete
portant sur la consuaaation faailiale de pesticides dans les raailles
habitant dans de granos ensenbles de xa region.Parisienne:
•etttodologie. (Inquiry on pesticide u^age in faaxlies living in crowded
sections of Paris. ) in Proceedings; international syiposiua on the
Recent Advances in the Assessaent of the Health Effects of
Environmental Pollution, Paris, June 24-2o, 1974. v. 3. luxeauoorg,
Coaaission of the European Coaaunities, 1975. p. 17b9-l89«.
(1) SHIfiS ACC.MO.: 03U558
(2J DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: i)9 U) SUBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
TB»B: 1975
(11) AbSTRACT: Activated utoas «ere used to deter»iu« the
possibility and extent of contaaination of underground water by
pesticides used in agriculture. The sorption ana dyaaaics ot the
Migration of two organophosphorous pesticides, lenitrotaion and
•alathion, were studied. These two products are currently being
proposed'as agricultural pesticides, they would replace other
substances of the chlorinated hydrocarbon group, including JUDt, which
are aore dangerous to health, but are thenselvus source ox potential
contaaination of underground waters. Studies itere carried out on
different types of soil: sandy and clay. Isotheras were deteraiaed for
the sorption of the pesticides exanined, together with their
distribution coefficients. The effects ot pH values, exchangeable ions,
organic substances (organic carbon ana nitrogen) and tbe aechanical
coaposition of the sorption ot fenitiothion and aalathion were studied.
•esults of the study, including the washing out factor of these
pesticides from the soil by rainfall are given in detail.
254
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PESTICIDES
Investigations were conducted witn the use of the radionuclide labelled
compound technique.
(12) KEYWORDS: AGRICULTURE; CGN'rAiUSATE; GROUHD HATER; HEALTH;
HtDROCAKBOll; ISOTOPE; PESTICIDE; ktADiOACTIVK; SAMi-LiHti HETHUDS; UTILIZE
(15J ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS37602
(la) BOC.CIT-: Szperlinski, Z. The use of radioisotopes 32P and 36S
in studies on behavior of pesticides in the soil. In Proceedings;
International Synposiua on the Recent Advances in the Assessment of the
Health Eftects of Environmental Pollution, Paris, June 24-2a, 1974. v.
3. Luxembourg, CoBiis^ion of the European Coiaunities, 1975. ?-
1711-1717.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 038330
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oa (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAK: 1976
(11J ABSTRACT: Both DUE ana dieldrin are detected in the oftshore
waters ot tne western Dorth Atlantic ocean fro* tne surface to 1,000 i
depth. The mean concentrations of the two pesticides are 3. b (DDE) and
5.8 (dieldrin) parts per trillion (nt,/l. ) . other chlorinated
pesticides (lindane, alarm, DDD, and DDI) could not ce detected, at
•ost saiple sites, by currently available analytical techniques. The
dat* suyyest teat considerable variability, both wit-h depth and
distance fro« shore, is a dominant leuture of tne distribution ot
chlorinated pesticides in the North Atlantic ocean. Concentrations of
DDE and dieldrin range fron 0. 1 to la. 1 and 0. 4 to ly. 4 ng/1,
respectively. Tht observed environmental distribution of these
pesticides would oe consistent with an hypothesis of uptake and
transport of these conpounds on purticulates in the sea. The study was
done oy Departaent ot Environmental Sciences ana Engineering, School of
Public health, University oi fcorth Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. 27514.
(12} KEYWORDS: CHLORINE; HIDttOCARiOM; OCEAH; PESTICIDE; RESEARCH;
TRASSPORT; UNIVERSITY
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS37374
(IS) DOC.CIT.: Jonas, R. u. , and F. K. i'laenaer. Chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides in Western north Atlantic Ocean, bnvironnental
Science and Technology, 10 (8) :770-773, Auy. 197t>.
(1) SKIRS ACC.NO.: 037&12
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKT: 09 (2) iUisJ.TTPE: T (10) PUB.
SEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: control of wastes in the manufacture ot pesticides
involves strict process controls, to reduce to a mniaua the wastes
which aust be treated, and advanced waste treatment measure, to
successfully treat toxic wastes prior to their release to the air or
water. Many aethods are used to recover plant wastes. Curbs and
collecting sunps are placed around puapiny areas. Tanks are used to
collect pump drippings and accidental losses, bucn lost aaterial say be
returned to the process. Drain tiles, connected to a collecting au»p,
catch contaminants which nay have seeped into the ground. Filters and
scrubbers recover particulates. Industrial vacuum cleaners are used to
i*Bediately clean up spills of dry naterials. Empty containers are
never acandoned or allowed to accumulate in an area accessible to
humans or aninals. They are either turned, ii co«bustibie, or
decontaminated, if nonconbustible. If not contatinated, rinse solutions
are burned in an isolated area away tro« water supplies. A suaiary of
the principle wastes generated ana the disposal nethoc enployed by the
producers ot the key pesticides j.s included.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; liEEP Wi-LL; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS;
IHC1SERATION; IHbUSTRY; OCEAN; ORGANIC; PESTICIDE; SANlTAttY LANDFILL;
TOXIC
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OuS3bObfa
(1b) DOC.CIT.: I'owers, P. w. Pesticide inuustry waste, in: dot* to
Dispose of Toxic SuDstances and Industrial iia^tes, Noyes uata
Corf>ora tion, 197b, 4a7 p. (p. 3dc-4U/).
255
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SMIRS ACC.NO.: 037525
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2J CATEGOKT: 09 (2) SUbJ.MPi.: S (tO| PUB.
(11) ABSTRACT: Chesical, biochemical, and lexicological properties
of carbaaate insecticides are reviewed. In analyzing available
literature on the properties of carfcasa te insecticides, consideration
is given to synthesis auu residue metaodology (chemistry) ; none of
action, metabolism, and metabolic reactions (biochemistry) ; ami effects
of carbdmate insecticides on tar yet and non target orgunisas
(toxicology) . Ten cnapters iu tee book, are specifically concerned with
the following: development and use of carbanate insecticides, chemistry
and synthesis, mode ot action {cholinesterase inhibition and signs and
sy untotis of poisoning) , structure-activity relationships oi aromatic
and oxiae carbacates, toxicology, metabolic reactions (hydrolysis,
oxidation, and conjugation), metabolisa or various carbaaates,
biological and environmental stability, residue methodology, and
resistance and synergism.
(12} KEYWORDS: ANALKSlS; BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL; COMPOSITION;;
ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; HYDfcOLOGS; LITERATURE; MAliUAL; OXIDATION;
PESTICIDE; RESIDUE; SAFET?; TsJilC
(t5J STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36569
(lb) DOC.CIT-: Kuhr, k- J. . and b. H. Dorougn. Carbaaate
insecticides: chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology. Cleveland, CRC
Press, lac. , 1976, 301 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 037375
(2) COftfiSTXC: D (2J CATEGOS*: 0V (2) SUBJ.TXPE: S (10) PUB.
IBAH: 1976
(1\l ABSTRACT: A monitoring program oa the environmental effects of
using Hxrex, an organochiorine pesticide, in pineapple growing areas of
Hawaii is reported. A 2-yr surveillance monitoring program was required
by the Environmental Protection Agency ana was conducted during
t9?2—1973. uojectives ot1 the program were as follows: (1) determine
whether Mirex was escaping rro« pineapple fields to coastal waters; (2)
learn if the pesticide was accumulating in aguatic biota to detectable
levels; and (3) select biota and suc&trates representing a wide range
of ecological niches and trophic levels. Results of the 1972-1973
monitoring program indicated that Mirex usage in Hawaii created nc
aquatic enviroamental problem. A 197j~197<4 Rirex monitoring program
emphasized terrestrial rather than aquatic environmental monitoring.
Hirex accumulated to appreciaDle levels in some maaaais and birds in
one pineapple growing ares. In t«<_> r<*t species, Micex levels peaked out
during the first three post-application cycles, Mirex residuals in the
mongoose began to drop after tht; fifth cycle. It appeared that, for
birds and rodeniE, fiizei was dssinilated through opportunistic feeding
on airex baits rather than by a store gradual assimilation tnrough food
webs. For the mongoose, the more gradual Buildup of detectable Mirex
•ay have been the result of bioaccuauiation. There was no evidence of
Mirex buildup in tne aguatic organisms sampled. It was recommended that
biological studies be conducted to determine it tfce detected levels of
Birex have an adverse eiiect on wildlife.
(I2j KEYWORDS: AMJJIAL; aioLociciL; CONCENTBATIO*; EFFECT; SPA;
FHUIT; hAWAJi; LiND; LEACH; MBASOREKEI»TS; KOHITOB; OCKAS; PESIICIJE;
POLUiJTiOS; PROGBA3; HKo^AHCn; RODENT
(15) STIflS ACC.NU.: OOS3b420
(Id) DOC.CiT,: Johnson, J. «. , A. S. Dollas:, and w. i,. Cox. Mirex
•onitoring in Hawaii, a cooperative venture. Journal of buviroamental
Health, 38{1]:254-258, Jau. /Feb. 197o.
(•»> SWISS ACC.iiO,: 03737,1
(2{ uUHESfIC: F i2) CATEGOAJ!; us (2j SUbJ.TJI'Jt: S (10) fUB.
ZEJlfi: 1976
(11) AUSTBACfi ?ish acetyichojiiije^terase {AChu) was used to
investigate possiblt auiiAChfi poisoning resulting trom the discfearge of
effluent into a riwer system by a aauuiacturer 01 organopnosphate and
carftamate pesticide;". Since oryanophcvspoate and carbaaata pesticides
act as a**rve poiso^t. by inhibitiag the nearot-tansai tter
256
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PESTICIDES
enzyme AChE in the uervous system, poisoning of fish was diagnosed by
the Measurement oi brain AChE in fish collected from the Hissouri River
upstream and downstream from the mouth o£ the Blue Kiver in Kansas
City. Hissouri. Other fish were exposed to diluted effluent in glass
jars and their brain AChE was measured to determine the combined
poisoning potential ot compounds present. Fish immediately downstream
repeatedly had lower brain AChE activity than fish upstream. Fish
exposed to diluted effluent had lower brain AChE activity than
unexposed fish. Chemical analyses showed substantial amounts of
AChE-inhibiting pesticides in effluent relative to their toxicities.
Study data indicated that effluent is a contributing factor in the
reduced brain AChE activity of Hissouri River fish ana that brain AChE
is a sensitive and reliable indicator of such pollution. (Author
Abstract Hodified)
(12) KBYKOSDS: BIOLOGICAL; DISCHARGE; DISEASE; EFFECT; EFFL3EITT;
FISH; HEAS08EBEBTS; HISSGUHJ; PESTICIDE; PLAST-IMDUSTBIAL; TOXIC;
HATSBHAT
(15) STIBS ACC.UO.: QOS36418
(18) DOC.CIT.: Coppage, ». 1. , and T. B. Braidech. River pollution
by anticholinesterase agents. Hater Besearch, 1Q(1):19~24, 1976.
(1) SHZBS ACC.MO.: 037326
(2) DOHBSTIC: D (2J CATEGORY: 09 {2) SOBJ.TIPE: S (10) PUB.
TEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTBACT: Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine
the erfects of mirex, methoxychlor, and maiathion on the larval
development of crabs {Callinectes sapid us and Bhithropanopeus harrisii
species) , from the time of hatching uut.il the first crab stage is
reached. The effect of a range of concentrations for each insecticide
on the survival of larvae was determind, as well as concentrations
which were sublethal land lethal. Zoeal and total development to the
first crab stage for both species was prolonged in relation to
increased concentrations of methoxychlor and maiathion. Other eublethal
effects of these two insecticides included abnormal development of
pleopods for male craos of both species during early crab stages and
autotomy of the legs of Rhithropanopeus harrisii itegalopa and early
crab stages. Developmental stages in which larvae were particularly
sensitive varied in toe two crab species and with the three
insecticides. Hirex residues of Callinectes sapid us larvae reared in
different concentrations of mirex were determined, along with
methoxychlor residues of Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Callinectes
sapidus larvae reared in concentrations of methoxychlor. (Document
retained in SHIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL; CHEHICAL; COHCESTSATION; EFFECT; FISH;
INVESTIGATION; PESIlCIDfi; RESIDUE; TOXIC
(15) STIHS ACC-HO-: 00530371
(16) DOC-CIT.: Bookhoat, C. G. , and J. D. Costlotr, Jr. Effects of
mirex, methoxychlor, and maiathion on development ot crabs.
Environmental Protection Publication EPA-600/3-76-007. Golf Breeze, FL,
0 * S. Environmental Protection Agency, Bar. 1976, 86 p. (Ecological
Research Series)
(1J Swlfife ACC.MO.: 037321
12} UOBBSTIC: D (2) CATEGORIC: 09 (2) SOBJ.?IP£: S (10) FOB.
1976
(11) ABSI'KACX: Results of a study concerning effects, uptaKe, and
metabolism of mirex, methoxychlor, and 2,4-0 in the seaweeds Ulva sp, ,
Entex-omorpbu sp. , and Rhodyaenia sp. are presented. Hone ot the
pesticides, at concentrations corresponding to their maximum solubility
in seawater, had any significant, effect on photosynthesis, protein,
carbohydrate, lipida chlorophyll, carotenoid or trace metal coatent of
the algae. All three algae removed t,oiust4atial amounts of mirex and
methoxychlor from the medium, but uptake of 2,4-D was extremely low,
The rate of uptake ot m«thoxycnior HAS considerably greater than that
of mirex, Bnteromorpha accumulated considerably more mire* and,
methoxychior than UlT« or Haodymwnia. Both Ulva and Enteromorpha failed
to metabolize either mirex or 2,«<-D. fcnteromorpaa met4boliz
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
methoxychlor to a limited extent. After 7 days of incubation with
carbon-libelled methoxychlor, a major portion of the label in the
tissue and medium was present in unchanged mefchoxychlor. A small amount
of radioactive aetabolite, 2,2-bis (p-methoxypaenyl)-1,
1-dichloroethyleBe, was detected in both the tissue and medium. In
addition, medium contained 2,2-bis
(p-hydroxyphenyl)-l,1,1-trichloroetaane and lour unidentified minor
radioactive metabolites. Unlike Euteromorpha, Ulva, did not Metabolize
methoxychlor. (Author Abstract) (Document, retained in SHlfcS library)
(12) KEIBOfiDS: ALGAE; ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL; COL LECTIO II; COMPARISON;
CONCENTRATION; EFFECT; INVESTIGATION; METAL; PESTICIDE; PBOTEIN; TOXIC;
VEGETATION
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36J66
(16) DOC.CIT.: Sikka, H. C. , G. L. Butler, and C. P. Bice.
Effects, uptake, and Metabolism ot methoxychlor, xirex, and 2,4-0 in
seaweeds- Environmental Protectioin Publication 600/3-76-048. Gulf
Breeze, PL, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1976, IB p.
(Ecological Research Series)
(1) SB1BS ACC.NO.: 0367b1
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKI: 09 (2) SUbJ.riFE; S; T (10) FOB.
TEAKS 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A 1970 survey of 26 water supplies in the Nen
Orleans metropolitan area was undertaken to assess the quality of
drinking water in the area. A continuous liquid/liquid extraction
apparatus was used to monitor the levels of eight chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides in the Mississippi River at a location
approximately one river mile above the intakes for New Orleans' water
purification facility. Pesticides were sampled for a 7-day period, with
recovery rates tabulated for gamma-chlordane, lindane, heptachlor,
heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, p,p»-DDb, and p.p'-DDT. Th«
results of statistical calculations on pesticide concentrations are
presented. These calculations indicated that a minimum of 49. 7 Ibs of
the eight pesticides (combined weight) is introduced to the Gull: of
Mexico on a daily basis.
(12) KEYHOBDS: CHLORINE; HXDKOCAHbON; LOUISIANA; MEASUREMENTS;
MONITOR; PESTICIDE; POLLUTION; SAMPLING METHODS; HASTE KATEB; WJkTEKMAI
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35b06
(til) i>OC.CiT.: tirodtmanii, N. V. , Jr. Continuous analysis ot
chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in the lover Mississippi Mivt;r.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 15(1):33-39,
1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036453
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKI: 09 (2) SUBJ.TTPE: S (10) FOB.
IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The acute toxicity of tour technical grade
insecticides to the marine copepod Acartia Tonsa Dana was deteruinad by
bioassay using standardized procedures, homogeneous populations, and
constant laboratory conditions. At a water temperture of 17 degrees C,
96-flour median lethal concentrations or tolerance limits for methyl
parathion, azodrin, diazinon, and toxaphene were computed as 0. 69 mg
per liter, respectively, besidue analysis for diaziitou at zero and
96-hour exposure times revealed that the amount of diazinon uptake by
three algal organisms was greater than the amount concentrated by the
marine copepod. The toxicity ot higuer concentrations above 2. I1 ppm (2
mg per liter) offset copepod uptake while, at lower concentrations,
quantities concentrated by the copoped were negligible. A literature
review is included that was conducted to examine supporting insecticide
toxicity data for species closely related to the marine copepod.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALGAE; COMPARISON; CONCENTRATION; DATA; EFFECT;
FISH; INVESTIGATION; MEASUREMENTS; P£STICID£; TOXIC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS35498
(18) UOC.CIT.: Knattat, F. H. , and S. Farley. Acute toxicity of
certain pesticides to Acartia Tonsa Dana. Enviromental Protection
Agency publication EPA-600/3-76-033. Narragansett, *I, 0. s.
Environmental Protection Agency, Bay 1976, 29 p. (Ecological Sesearch
Series. }
258
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PESTICIDES
(1) SKI8S ACC.NO.: 03t>237
(.2} DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEiiOKY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TVPE: S {10} PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The effect ot small doses of pesticides, i. e. , 0
to one tenth LD50, and their inhibitory effect on cholinesterase in the
human organise, were studied on a moael. Three organic phosphorus
pesticides were investigated: netaphoije (aainly) , rogor and cidial. It
was proven tnat »ost toxic effects are produced wnen the preparations
enter the body through the skin.
(12) KEYiOBDS: CHfiBICAL; EFFECT; dUHAS; I NVES'fluAI'IuB; BOLECULAJt
MODEL; PESTICIDE; PHOSPhOKUS; TuXIC
(15) STIBS ACC.MO.: 00535282
(18} DOC.C1T.: Spynu, Xe. 1. , a. Ye. sovu, and A. v. Boiotnyy.
Overall effects oi organic phospnorus pesticides. (0 kompleXsaom
deystvii fosfororganicheskiKh pestii.sa.dov. ) (jjaiyettct i sanitariya,
12:15-17. 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036115
(2) DOBBSTIC: D 12) CATiGOIU: 0^ (2) SUBJ.IXPE: S (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Cylodiene insecticides are discussed in relation to
their node of action, excretion, and uetatoiissi _ Toxapheue uas the
priaary candidate for investiyation, with aajor e«phai»is on tae
•aamalian systen. The eicretion ox 36C1-toxaphene was studied in the
laboratory rate. Upon extraction, «ost of the radioactivity occurred in
vater fractions of urine ami teces aa ionic chloride, indicating
considerable metaoolisa of toxapbene. Only iuniaai storage appeared to
occur. The uptake of radio activity in several tissues of insects
(J-eucopnaea aaderae) vas deternined alter injections of 3t>Cl-toxaphene.
In subcellalar particles of ventral nerve cord and brain, significant
levels of 36C1-toxaphene nere observed in larger ceil fragments and
microso»es were also labeled. Ventral nerve cords of tne insects and of
cockroaches (Periplaneta aoericana) snoned increasea activity when
exposed to toxaphene. Xae toxicity of toxapnene to utoaquitefish
(Gaabusia affinis) was divided into live stages, and tne residue level
at each stage was deterained. Betaboiic alteration of toxaphene
appeared to be •ininai and excretion was not observed.
(12) KEXWORBS: ANALIS1S; iilOLOGlCAL; CHEMICAL; EFFECT; HAZARDOUS;
IBSECT; PESTICIDE; RODENT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35160
(t6) DOC.CIT.: Crowaer, L. A. node of action of cyclodiene
insecticides. Research Triangle ParK, NC, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Jan. 1i»76, 75 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036103
(2) DOBBSTIC: D (2) CATEG06Y: Ot* (A) SUBJ.TXPE: i> (10) FOB.
YfiAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Several isolated nerve and auscle preparations fro»
the crayfish and frogs were tested tor their suitability in evaluating
the toxic effects of pesticides and environmental agents. The abdoiiinal
nerve cord preparation isolated iron the craytisn was far superior to
frog neuroauscular and crayfish neuromuscular preparations tor
evaluating the neurotoxicity of various agents. Neurotoxicii_y was
•ainifestud as stimulation and/or paralysis oj spontanious discharges
of nerve cords. The techniques utilized in toe experiments were simple
and required only reasonable amounts of conventional
electrophysiological eguipaeut. It was deteraiued that toxicity
evaluations can tnus be performed witu a moderate amount of expense.
Bore sophisticated and efficient uata acquisition systems could be
developed, however, U£d.ng basically the same techniques. The order of
potency for various insecticides in stimulating the crayiisn abdominal
nerve cord was found to be as follows, in descending order of effect:
allethrin, carboiuran, carbaryl, tsaygon (propoxur), p,p*-L>DT,
toxaphene, ferbam, monocrotophos, dursban, chlocdimefora, leptophos,
and dicalofenthion. Mo neurotonic effect was ex«rte»i Ly insect sex
259
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
attractants and insect growth regulators which included Altosid,
Orfaaone, Codleaone, iR 777, cis-11 tetradecenyl acetate, and TH 0040.
(t2) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; AHIHAL; BIOLOGICAL; CHEMICAL; ELECIBICAL;
BQU1P«E»T; HAZABDOUS; IBSECT; MEASOhfiflENTii; PBST1CIUK; TOXIC; HAfjSBWAY
(15) SXIBS ACC.NO.: OOS351"*tf
(18) DOC.CII. : Marahashi, I. In-vitro screening aethods evaluating
the neurotonic potential of pesticides- Besearch Triangle Park, SC, U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency, dan. 1976, 45 p.
(1) SHIKS ACC.HO.: 035961
t2) DUHESTIC: D (2) CATKGOfeJ: 09 (<;) SUoJ.TYi'i;: S; 1' (10) PUB.
IEAB: 1975
(11) ABSTBACf: A research prograa is described that »as initiated
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Ayency to deteraine design and
operational criteria tor incinerators that caa effect complete theraal
degradation of pesticides. An incineration system was designed ana
constructed to evaluate the effect or operational variables (rate of
pesticide injection, percent excess air, operating teaperature, and
retention tiae) on the efficiency with WAICH orgauic pesticides can be
incinerated. This systea included a pilot scale incinerator,
three-stage scrubber, and a sciubbei water treatment system. Nine
pesticides in 15 liquid and solia foraulations were tested by in3ection
into the primary coabustion chamber . The pesticides studied were l)DT,
aldrin, pi do ran, aaiatnion, toiaphene, atrozine, capcan, zineb, and
•irex. Besults ox the incineration test were evaluated in terms of the
efficiency of active ingredieut destruction, efficiencies of greater
than 99. 99 percent were achieved for all pesticsdea tested except
• irex over a range of combustion chanter retention time-teisperature
coabinations. Test results were used to estimate stack emission rates
for the pesticides when incinerated at 1000 C (1832 F) with a 2-sec
retention tile. Analysis of incxiieratur effluents showed that high
concentrations of sulfur dioxide and cyanide were present when
organ os ulfur and organonitrogen pesticides, respecively, were
incinerated under certain operating conditions.
(12) KEIHOBDS: CHAHBES; DECOMPOSE; DESIGN; EFFLUENT; iBISSlON;
IMCI8BBATIOB; IHClHEhAIOR; PEbTlClDJi; SCEUBBth; ThEKMAL; ttATEH
(\5} STIBS ACC.SO.: OCS35026
(18) DOC.C1T.: Ferguson, T. L. , F. J. fiergsan, G. h. Cooper.
Determination of incineration operating conditions necessary for safe
disposal of pesticidet.. Cincinnati, UH, 0. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Dec. 19/5. »»01 p. fitA 600/2-75-04 K EtA 6t>-03-0266 .
(1J SBIBS ACC.SO.:
(2} DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEUOKT: O'J (2) SOBJ.TXPE: S (10) FUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Research accoaiplishnents of the Health Effects
fiesearch Laboratory within the U. S. Lnvironmental Protection Agency
are suaaarized in regard to the cheaistry and mode of action of
insecticides, for the period between January 1, 1971 and septeBDer 1,
1975. The laboratory's studies on the chemistry and mode of action of
insecticides are primarily concerned with intoxication and detoxication
processes which take place when an anisal or plant is exposed to
different organic insecticides. Progress in ttte following general areas
is reported: insecticide selectivity, insecticide aetabolo.su,
inhibition of cholinesterase enzyaes, structure-activity relationships
in insecticides, oxidative emersion of phosp nor oth .locate to phosphate
esters, insecticide synergisa and insect growth regulators, cheaiscdl
reaction involving carbaziate and organophosphorus esters, insecticide
cyclic nucleoti'ie interactions, insecticide penetration and its
relation to resistance, gas chroaatography of insecticides,
n euro physiological studies on insecticide mode of action, insecticide
resistance, and joint action of neriticides and insecticides.
(12) KEIWOHDS: BIOLOGICAL; CATALYST; CHEMICAL; UAHOAL; ORGANIC;
OXY.GKH; PESTICIDE; PROCESS; ruxic
(15) STIHS ACC.UO.: OOS35011
(13) DOC.CIT.: Fukuto, T. h. Chemistry and aode of action or
insecticides. Research Triangle tarX, i»c, U.S. Environaental
Protection Agency, Jan. 1976. 325 p. £PA-600/1-?6-OOi*.
260
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PESTICIDES
(1) SHIBS ACC.MO.: 035655
(2} DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGOftX: Oi* (2) SUBJ.TXPE: « (tUJ PUB.
IBABi 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Current studies oa the effects of ocean pollution
were discussed at the Pacific Conference on Cheaistry and bpectrascopy.
One stud; is about preaature pupping in sea lions, another the
lingering effects of dichloi-odipnenyi-trichloroethane (DDT) . The
premature pupping by California uea lions gay be linked to an imbalance
of aercury, seieniua, and brosine in so«e Bothers. The premature births
have been associated with pollution of the coastal Haters by aercnry,
cadaiua, polychlocinated biphenyls, and perhaps certain viruses. A
coabination of materials rather than a single one aay cause the
problea. The pups see* to have lover levels of aercur^ than noraai sea
lions. The ratio between concentrations of selenium aud aercury in
noraai sea lions is 2. 2 to 1 or less; in preaature pups and their
•others the ratio was greater than 3.4 to 1. The livers of aotiiers and
their preaature pups have lower concentrations of broaine th«n zioraal.
Broaiue Bay help detoxify soae of the aetallic eleaeuts. A spokesman
foe the Southern California Coastal Hater Research Project stated that
even though the DDT levels in the Pacific Ocean along Southern
California have decreased over the past 5 years, DDT will continue to
be a Major pollutant in that area for years to coae. Industrial control
aeasures have reduced DDT in sewage eifluents froa Los Angeles froa 22
tons a year in 1971 to 1. 5 tons in 1:*75. The pesticiaes have continued
to build up in the underlying sediaent. DDT levels in craos, aussels,
and other aarine aniaals have declined. Fish that live on the sea
bottoa near the contaainated sediaents have shown EO decline in DDT
concentrations.
(12) KeiUORDS: AHIBAi.; CAL1FOKM1A; CONCENTRATION; COUfSUL;
2FFLOBNT; FISH; HAZARDOUS; BEKCOKX; ttETAL; OCEAN; PiSSTICIDE; POLLUTION;
SBHASE; TOXIC; VIRUS
(15) STIflS ACC.HO.: OOS34700
(18) DOC.CIT.: Kffect ot trace aetals on sea lions probea. Cheaical
& Engineering Hews, 53(46):Jt, Nov. 17, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.JiO.: 03.2172
(2) DOHEST1C; D (2) CATEGOK1T; 0* (2) SUiiJ.fY.fE: G (10) PUB.
KBAU: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: In the past 4 years, 510 poisoning episodes with 35
fatalities were reported to the fcorth Carolina Pesticides Program.
Investigations into these events have delineated three iaportant roles
that containers play in the epideaiology of pesticide poisonings:
container disposal, inappropriate container design, and lack of safety
packaging. Case exaaples deaonstrating tne importance of each of these
aereas are presented. Paraers and otner pesticide users seldom
decontaminate containers after use, aiid pesticide containers never
contain instructions of how to render the containers less hazardous
after use. However, it is knovn, lor exaaple, that rinsing parathion
containers with watar t*ice raaores over 30 percent of tne pesticide
residue, the rinse water could i>e aided xo the spray tan*. A cash
deposit en pesticide ccataiaers »eula enc-Jurage their recycling.
Pesticides are often sold in cootaiwets reseabling ailk or trait juice
containers. Containers snould be assigned to look as little as possible
like such drinkable beverage coutainecs. furtoernore, it it suggested
that iridescent dyes be used in pesticides to further reduce accidental
ingestions. Child-proof packaging »uat be acre widely required.
112) KZIwORDS: U>8TAIIIEk; DKSIGSf; DISEASE; DISPOSAL; HAZABDOOS;
HEAL7B; HISTOBI; SOUTH CAROLINA; PACKAGING; P&STICIDE; HECLAHAIION;
HEGULATIOKS; SAFisTI; STATJc; TJX1C
(15) STISS ACC,JJO.: OOS31216
(1&) UOC.Cir.; Gehlaach, s, H. , ^nd tf. A. Kiliaas. Pesticides
containers, Their rontribatiOQ to o«>i«joniag. Archives 01 Knvironaeitai
Health, 30{1):49-30, Jan. Wj.
261
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section 10
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SKIES ACC.BO.: 048211
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CAMGOKI: 09 (21 SUiiJ .T*P£ : T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: The technology of waste Management.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Huclear Jtngnng Inter
(10) LABGOAGE: EBi (10J GKO. ABEA: 1£U/2fB (10) PUB. IJKAR: 197d
(11) ABSTRACT: Haste lanageaent technology Is described tor
vitrification, calcination, compaction, and decontamination. The
world"s first industrial scale plant tor vitrification of highly active
wastes (Harcoule, France) will produce about 50 cu • of glass annually
from dried, calcined liquid waste combined with glass frit. In the
U.S., fluidized bed calcination is being used to condense highly active
liquid waste into a furo suitable for further treatment, such us
incorporation in borosilicate glass, work is also being carried out to
evaluate a nuclear application oi induction Belting to reduce bulk, by a
factor of six. The removal of radioactive contamination froa uetal
surfaces is also being studied by Beans of electropolishing.
Demonstration of these techniques has indicated eventual application in
radioactive waste handling and disposal.
(12) KEIHOECS: BULK? HASTKS; COMPACTION; CONTAfllNAT£; DISPOSAL;
FRANCE; GLASS; HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT; fiADIOACTITE; REFUSE; TECHNOLOGIC
(14) HIERARCH TBfcHS: 1HC/2PT; 18D/2DP
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS47/64
(16) CITATIOH: 23(272) :63-64, Jnn. 1978.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 047057
(2) D08ESTIC: D (2) CATEGO&X: 0<» (2) SUbJ.IYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Profile report: iodine-129, iodine-131,
krypton-85, xenon-1j3-
(4) AUTHOR: Bluienthal JL
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Tfiti Systens Group
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Hazardous Kaste Disposal Prograe, Eighth Honthly
Report.
(8) HTIS »O.: PB-257 331 (fa) REPOHt NO.: XKK-21435-6008-TO-00
(9) COMTRACT 10.: EPA-68-03-0089
(10) LANGUAGE: EB (10) PUB. TEAK: la?V
(11) ABSTRACT: The hazardous properties and Banageaent of
iodine—129, iodine-131, krypton-«5, and xenon-133 are discussed .
Iodine, krypton, and xenon are produced during the fission of uranium
in nuclear reactors. They repres>tnt a potential source or environmental
contamination since they are released during the reprocessing of
nuclear fuels. Consideration is given to uses of the fis&ion products,
sources and types of waste, and physical and chezical properties.
Iodine, krypton, and xenon are aoderateiy hazardous radioactive
nuclides. Krypton and xenon are cneaicaiiy in^rt and, once released, do
not concentrate in body tissues, out iodine does reconcentrate. The
effects of radiation exposure are pruarily dependent on the amount of
radiation and the portion of tut body affected. For iodine, tae
critical organ is the thyroid, riesidea its radiation hazard, iodine is
Moderately toxic. Krypton and xenoo are only slightly toxic. Waste
handling, storage, transportation, and disposal/reuse are exaained.
Iodine recovery can be acconplished by caustic scrubbers, activated
charcoal, impregnated charcoal, and silver zeolite. Krypton and xenon
recovery options are activated charcoal, cryogenic distillation, ana
fluorocarbon solvents. Three disposal options are land burial, near
262
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
surface storage, and salt deposits. Toe treattent ot waste in national
disposal sites is evaluated, (Retained in SHlfiS library).
(12) KEfHORDS: CHtfllCAL; DISPOSAL; GASSKS; BA^AiiDOUS; MANAGEHENT;
PHXSICAJ.; PROCESS; RADIATION; &A010ACTI»E; ni-CLAflATIOS; SITi.S
hIERAKCH TEBHs: 1HC/2DP; 1bC/2PT; 1HA/2Tu; 1ttD/2DP; 1RD/2S¥
STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS4o110 (15) SECONDAK! AUTHORS: Clausen JF;
Dal Porto DP
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1972. p.251-277.
(1J SHIRJ> ACC.BO.: 0**70bt>
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYfK: S; T
(3) ARTICLK TITLK: Protiie report: carbon-Ht, cobalt-60,
iridiu«-192, radium-226.
(4) AUTHOR: Blu«enthal JL
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Tfth iysteas Group
(6} BOOK TITLE: lu Hazardous waste Disposal Program, liighth Monthly
Report.
(8) BTIS NO.: PB-i:57 J31 (b) BfcVGRT NO.: l'Rh-21<«b^-600a-TO-00
(9) CONTRACT NO.: tPA-6fa-03-OOb'J
(10) LAHGUAGE: K» (10) POh. XEAh: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The hazardous properties and manay«»ent o£
carbon~1; 1HC/2PJ'; 1MA/2Tt,; 1«D/2DP; 1RD/2SW
(15J STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS4u109 (1b) SECONDARY AUTHOR^: Clausen JP;
Dal Porto DP
(16) CITATION: fcashin^ton, L>C, 0.^.. icviroaaental Protection
Agency, Sep. 1972.
(1J SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) 00BESTIC: D (2) CAfEfaOKx: JO (/) SUtU.TXPfc: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Characterization ot untreated waste oil.
(4) AUTHOR: ChansXy S
15) CORPORATE AUIHOR: GCA Corporation
(b) bOOK TITLh: In »lai.te <,uturaoi.A vt Lubrica tiiig Oil Kefuse as a
Fuel.
(8) NTIS NO.: Pb ^U1 J57 (fc; BiiFURT NO.: EPA-bOG/S-74-0J2 (9)
CONTBACi: NO.: 6e-0 1-1859
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (1u) PUB. YEAh: 1974
(11) ABSTRACT: The characteristics or untreated automotive waste
oil are descritjed. rfaste oil iuDiicoLts ate composed of a heterogeneous
group ot oils, including waste- crcinXcase oil, transmission riuid,
differential gear luoricant, hydraulic on, di»d snail quantities ot
solvents, waste crankease oil, usually tne major portion of waste oil
lubricants, contains iioaie or all of tne following sur/stauces: saltur,
iron, functional additives, gasoline, oxidized satenais, ataospheric
dust, cuiicustion products, sedmentoiy aateriala., and waxei and other
contaminants, watite oil lubricantt. are speciticaliy characterized in
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
tens of gravity, viscosity, pour point, ilash point, heating value,
neutralization nuaber, and suilur, ash, silicon, calcium, sodiua, icon,
aagiiesiun, lead, vanaaiu*, copper, joarium, zmc, phosphorus, tin,
chro»iu«, nickel, berylliue, sauganese, c«id»iun, silver, strontiun,
aluBinun, titanian, boiun, and molybdenua content.
(12) KEYWORDS: AOTOHuiilLE; CHEMICAL; COHPuSITIOtt; OIL
O<*} blEHAKCh TEftKb: UK; 1Cii/2Cb/3CF; 1EC/2ET; IOC; 1PF/2P1/3PL
(1!>J STIfiS ACX.NO.; UOS44S>ly (1i>) SECONDAtU AUTHORS: Carroll J;
Kincannon b
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, U.S. jsnvironaental Protection
Agency, sept. 1974. p.4e-60.
(tj SHIRS ACC.IIO.: 04S55W
(2J DOBEsriC: F (2» CATEGOHT: Od (/:} SOBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: hoshasei haikibutsu shonyo asufaruto Kokatai no
anzensei. (Safety evaluation oi the solidified asphalt blocks used foe
final disposal of radioactive wastes].
(4) AUTHOR: Horiyaaa N
(6} JOBRHAL TITLE: Ninon Genshiiyoku Gakkai Shi
(10) iABGUAGB: JA (10) G£0. AREA: 1A1/2JA (1U) POb. TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The author, a scientist at the Japan Atomic Energy
Besearch Institute, evaluates a netnoa to solxdify radioactive wastes
using asphalt instead of using ceteiit, plastics and ceramics froa the
point, of safety. This nethod has already been adopted in Europe: and is
beginning to be used in Japan. Ihe properties required tor the solid
asphalt blocks as Beans ox final disposal of radioactive wastes on
land, in the ground a&d in the ocean are pointed out in cooparison to
the actual properties of the asphalt L.IOCKS la relation to such
properties as leaching potential, co«Dustibiiity, radiation resistance
and stability of shape. It is stated that asphalt-radioactive waste
solid blocks have soae disadvantages in combustion—resistance a.ud
radiation-resistance when they are kept, ou laud, and otaer
disadvantages in leaching potntial of radioactive nuclides snen they
are kept in tfce ground and in the ocean. Since xhe fuure trend of
disposal of these solid blocss relys core arid »ore on tne ocean and
underground disposal, development of solid blocks with better
water-resistance is greatly desired in order to avoid leaching of the
radioactive iinclides. (original text in Japanese).
(12) KEitKOitDS: SSPUALT; COfltsOSTlON; DiSVOSAt; EAR'fh; HAiiAKEOUS;
JAPAN; LASi); iEACH; OCEAK; KADIAI'ION; RA010ACTIVE; SAfEi'I; UTILIZE
(>H) HIEBAfiCH TEhMii: IfaS/ZHF
(15) STias ACC..NU.: oosn'tt.Od
(1&] C1TATIOM: Id (1 1) :2 1-^5r Id/b.
(1) SWIRS ACC.BO.:
(2) UOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: O* (2) SUBJ.TYPt: G
(3) AKl'ICLE TITLE: The seabed option.
(4) AOTHOh: HolliKter CL
(6) JUORMAi. TITLE: Oceauufi
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PCS. lEAk: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: This article reports on investigations concerning
whether radioactive waste can be deposited in the deep seabed. Deep sea
trenches were rejected due to uisi;tabj_c geology. Placing waste canisters
on the surface of the sea floor Mas also rejected for fear that
corrosion would cause leakage directij into the biosphere. Further
direct disposal into ocean wastes ttuu.id cause contaaination witnin a
few decades. Geologic foraatioji^. are Assessed with a view toward
establishing sone site criteria. The clays in geologically undisturbed
seabeds have chegicai and physical properties tnat night provide a
suitable isolation »edium even if the canister leaked. Teams of
scientists were -jatheted to test these ideas. Sites were selected on
the Pacific. Cv.e tuples aud paieomagaetic measure«e&ts indicated
depth of sedinent ana decrees of yeologrcal stability. Furtner studies
on the adequacy 01 the seoiaent barrier to waste aigration, the best
sediaent t>pe and hole closure techniques will be conducted. It is felt
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
that sediment clays could effectively isolate radioactive Haste fro«
•an. Bore research is suggested.
(12) KilYBOBDS: CLAY ; CONTAINER; CfilTBfUA; DISPOSAL; GEOLOGIC;
HAZARDOUS; (JEASOHEHEIXS ; OCEAN; RADIOACTIVE; SEUIBimTATlOU ; SITES
(14) BIEIA8CH TERHS: 1DD/2i>K ; 1faA/2HF; 10A/20B; 1BA/2RG; ISC
(t5» ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS43i»30
(16) CITATION: 20(1):1u-2^r winter 77.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 04U472
(2) DOHBSTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SOBO.TIPE: fi
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Barriers to radioactive waste »igration.
(t) AUTHOR: Heath GR
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: oceaaus
(tO) LANGUAGE: EN <10) PUB. JBAH: i»77
(11) ABSTRACT: To keep radioactive waste deposited in deep seabeds
fro* reaching Man's environment, natural and artificial barriers Must
keep the waste container iron Moving up on the sediaent. Three barriers
which lie between the buried wastes and the ocean are discussed. First,
the glassy waste saterial itself, which consists of the hot, corrosive,
radioactive liquid waste iusea into silicate glass. It forss the first
barrier aacJ causes the radiation to be released a Million tiies »ore
slowly. The second barrier is the Metal container. It will still give
off intense neat ana radiation, and will be subject to seawater's
corrosion. The third barrier is the deep seabed clay in the sediaeut,
which in an undisturbed syste» could provide a satisfactory barrier to
protect »an fro« the curied waste. The eftects of the canister's heat,
ttee insertion of the canister and its radiation are still unclear, flore
work is needed to deteraine ir these factors daiaye or reinforce the
sedieent barrier. The findings to date are grounds tor a cautious
optinsB .
(12) KEYilOSDS: CONTAINER; DISPOSAL; GLASS; HA2.A8DOOS; OCEAN;
BADIOACTIVE; SAHD; SEOIHENTAT1OB
(1*») HIERARCH TERHS: KI/2DV ; 1D0/2DW; 1HA/2HF; 1OA/20B; 1BA/2BG
(15} STIHS ACC.NO.: OUS4351B
(16J CITATION: 20 (1) :26-30, Winter 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 04 1*4 71
(2) DOBESfIC: 0 (2) CAThGOhX: 09 (2J SUBJ.riPE: G
(3) AfiTICLE TITLE: Disposing of high-level radioactive waste.
(1) AUTHOR: Frosch RA
(6) JOUBNAL TITLE: Oceanus
(10) LANGUAGE: ED (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Xhis article delves into the problems of wastes
produced by coixercial nuclear power plants. These radioactive wastes
are extremely toxic, with so»e products having effective lifetimes of
Bore than a Billion years. Kecent court decisions barred the licensing
of such plants until questions about disposition of the waste are
solved. The scope of the problem, technical, social and economic, is
discussed, along with ttie ungin and nature ot the waste, reprocessing
and reactor types. The problems and possible methods of disposal of the
radioactive waste is gone into deeply. The waste could DC dispersed
evenly into the environaent, causing
waste »17
(16) CITATION: 20(1}:V-17, yicter 197?,
265
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SwIBS ACC.MO.: 043877
(2} DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGOSt: 09 (2) SOBJ.TrPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Environmental impacts of high level radioactive
waste disposal.
(4) AUTHOR: Cohen BL
(6) JOURIIAL TITLE: IEEE Trans on Nuclear Science
(10) LABGUAGB: El (10) PUB. TEAR: 1976
111) ABSTRACT: The environ»ental impact of high level wastes
discharged fro« fuel reprocessing plants is considered. Potential
hazards are considered io light of the following: energy emitted;
isotope contributions per unit ol time; effects of the worst credible
handling; possible fatalities; hazards of inhaling fine particles; and
hazards associated with wastes if converted into digestible fora and
ingested. Investigation results indicate that the potential hazards of
the wastes are not inordinately large in comparison with those of other
•aterials used in our society. Nuclear wastes will be around for a long
•tiae but bariuB, copper and arsenic (now present in the atmosphere)
will be around forever. Once the waste is buried, the «ost probable
release aechanis* is contact by ground water. It would be leached into
solution, travel througn aquifers with the ground water to reach
surface waters, where it could effect food or drink. Hazards would be
effective on a short and long ten basis. Safeguards against material
release are listed. The advantages of using nuclear energy iro» fission
exceeds the hazards inherent in Misuse.
(12) KBJfwOBDS: DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; FOOD; HAZARDOUS; aOHAM;
ISOTOPE; METAL; RADIATION; HATER
(11) HIERARCH TERBS: 1DD/2DK; 1ED; 1HA/2HF
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42920
(16) CITATION: 23(1j:56-59, Feb. 1976.
(1) SMIKS ACC.IO.; 043976
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGOR1: 09 (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: R and 1> for the nuclear waste management concept
at the Federal Republic of Germany.
(4) AUTHOR: Bohm H
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Atomwirtschaft
(10) LANGUAGE; EH (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2GE (10) PUB. TEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Research and development work in nuclear waste
management is described in Geraaay where reprocessing of radioactive
nuclear wastes is favored. The advantages and disadvantages of the
alternatives: reprocessing or direct ultimate disposal of spent fuels
are discussed. An overview of the aaounts of fuel and radioactive waste
accumulating annually is presented together with an examination of the
costs of nuclear waste management, the role 01 the big science research
centers in the development of a waste management system is examined.
Changing attitudes have resulted in an expansion of research an
development work at these centers in reprocessing, waste treatewent,
and ultimate storage areas. Centers are concentrating on short and
medium term objectives in cooperation with industry. And, centers are
increasing their work, on neclear safety and the development of a
concept for safeguarding nuclear materials in a waste management
center. Examples are given which illustrate unresolved problems of
waste management of nuclear fuels.
(12) KEI80RDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; FUEL; GEBHAmY;
HAZARDOUS; HANAGBHENT; RADIOACTIVE; HESEAHCH; SAFETI; STORAGE
(14) HIERARCH TEBHS: 1EA/2EA; 1HA/2HF; 1HA/2HG; 1KB; 1HA/2HM
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.I OOS430ia
(16) CITATION: 22(4) : 209-213, Apr. 1977.
(1) SMIBS ACC.MO.: 043873
(2) DOHESTIC: C (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Incentives for partitioning high-level waste.
(4) AUTHOR: Burkholder HC
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Nuclear Technology
(10) LANGUAGE: KB (10) PUB. JtEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The safety incentives for separating and eliainating
various elements from high level radioactive wastes prior to final
geologic isolation were examined. Various parameters concerning the
266
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
transport of radioactivity iroa the geologic isolation repository to
huaans were evaluated. Many study paraaeters had to be estiaated and
the values used were consistent with current knowledge or selected to
•axiaize the calculated potential radiation doses. A eethod for
estiaating the safety incentives tor partitioning nuclear power econoay
wastes vas developed and tne method applied to a single waste type
(aigb level) , a single geospnere pathway (leach incident) and a set of
biosphere pathways. A 50 year accuaulation dose to an individual living
within the region at influence o± the underground waste isolation site
was estimated. Conditions under which incentives exist for specific
partitioning alternatives are defined. The parameters varied were
»easure«ent scales for the effectiveness of the radioactivity release
barriers provided by geologic isolation systems. results are displayed
graphically. Evaluations and conclusions about partitioning incentives
are aade.
(12) KEYWORDS: GEOLOGIC; hASAhDOUS; HUMAN ; IN»EST1GATI08 ; LBACH;
PBOCJESS; BADIATIOK; SAFETY; TIME
(14) HlKBABCH TERBS: 1HA/2HF; IbA/VHB; 1rtA/2BH
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO,: OOS42916 (15) SE^ONDAK* AUTHORS: Cloninger
HO; Baker DA
(16) CITATIOii: 31 (2) : 20 2-2 17, Nov.
(1) SHIES ACC.MO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAl'iifcOkY: 09 U) SOBJ.1YPE: I'
(3) AKTICLB TITLE: Mana yeBtin t oi radioactive waste at Point Lepreau
generating station.
(4) AUTHOR: Aiikhan 3.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Nuclear Engineering International
(10) LAHGUAGE: £U (10) GEO. ABBA: 1CD (10) PUB-
(11) ABSTRACT: The lolloping principles are followed in the design
and operation of the radioactive waste nanagenent facilities at Point
Lepreau generating station (Mew Brunswick) . Host of the low activity
waste is coapacted into 45 gal carbon steel drums. Spent IX resins are
initially stored in two underground concrete vaults. *'uel contact
resins are segregated froa other resins. After 5 years decay in the
vaults, the resins will be slurried into carbon steel containers and
transported to the solid radioactive waste aanagesent lacility inside a
shielded flask. I' tie storage facilities consist of above ground
engineered structures fully isolated iroa precipitation and froa ground
water. They are designed to withstand the Design Basis Earthguake test.
Coaplete aouitoring facilities are provided as well an sufficient
storage capacity for up to 10 unit years operation. All wastes are
stored in a retrievable Banner. All liquid wastes are received and
stored in large tanks and are segregated into low ana high activity
wastes. £ach tank can be recalculated, saupled, diluted, and aetered
into the condenser cooling water at a rate rfno.cn aaintains the effluent
concentrations below the release ii*its. c,at.e.s, vapors, and airoorne
particuldtes are aonitored and riitered before release to the
ataosphere.
(12) KEYWORDS; CAKAOA ; CXUiTalKEfc; UlSPOSAi,; PAClLJ'fY; UAZAKiiuUS;
LIQUID; HAHAGEHENT; MONITOR; PfcttSOBNEl.; ftiD JOACTIVE ; hESIN;
SOLID; STORAGE
(1») KIEBAfiCH 1'EKBS: IfiA/^hf; 1SS/2TC
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS42bo9
(16> CITAT108; 22(25b) :5'J-61, JUK^ 1977,
(t) SSI8S ACC.SO.: 0435*1
(2) DOMESTIC; D (2) CATEGORY: 0^* (
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
radionuciides were id en tilled xii stack diluent during the evaporation
of waste iron six storage tanxu. Tritiui, observed in every sample ut
stack discharge, was tne predominant radionuciide. ine principal
vehicle of radioactive waste transport appeared to ce precipitation
runof 1 from tne surface of the burial site. It was determined that
contamination of the site surface could result from a number of
sources, including lateral migration througa the soil zone from
trenches to the land surface, spills during burial and trench puaping
operations, and deposition Iron the evaporator plume. Wittiiu the linits
of detection of the E-series test well measurements, plutonium was
associated with sediment. Ine nectianisB or itn movement iron trenches
was explored, Recommendations are ottered for the improvement ot
•onitoring programs at tae Kaxey Flats site. Supporting data on the
measuresent results are tabulated, (detained in Swlus library).
(12) KEIKORDS: bURV; COalAlNEK; ENVIRONMENT; HAiiARUOUi;
INVESTIGATION; KENTUCKY; LEACj; RADIOACTIVE; STOiiAGt
(14) HIERARCH TESHi,: ICl/^bV; 1HA; 1i; 1SD
(15) STIftS ACC.NO.: COS42o34 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Koide BE;
Blanchard hi
(16) CITATION: Cincinnati, Ob, U.s. Environmental Protection
Agency, Jan. 1977. 9a p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0135/1
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TIPE; X
(3) AMT1CLE TITLE: Maste cannister for storage or nuclear wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: Duffy Jt)
(5) COHPURATE AUTHuR: Ui>A as rep. oy the u.S.^.u.u.A
(7) PATENT DATA: U.S. Patent *o. 4,021,67b
(10) LANGUAGE: £H (10) PUb. XEAn: 1i»77
(11) ABSTRACT: A storage canister for storing radioactive wastes
which have been solidified as a glass is descriued. The radioactive
isotopes are present in concentrations sufficient to produce a Large
a»ount o£ heat. The canister consists of a canister body witn a side
•all and top and bottom end caps and a tin assembly disposed in tne
canister body. The tins extend iron tne center of the canister to a
point spaced troa the canister wall a distance effective to keep the
temperature of the glass at the center of the canister at an acceptaole
level without producing unacceptable not spots in tne canister nail.
the space between the end of the iin and the nail is tilled with glass
to provide thermal insulation between the fiji and the wail. Tne fin
assembly includes a pipe disposed on the axia^ center line of tbe
canister body navint, eight tins radiating at i»i< degree intervals and
extending fron a point near the top ot tne canister to tae uuttox of
the canister. The canister body, central pipe and fins are formed of
stainless steel and the central pipe fits over a conical, ceraoic
standoff attacned to the center 01 the loner end cap.
(12) KEYHOBDS: COJtrAlhEK; KQUIPKE*!; GLASS; HAZARDOUS; HEAT; METAL;
PATENT; aADlOACTIVE; SIOHAGt;
(1«) HIERARCH TEKHS: 1CI; IhA; 1HA
(15) STISS ACC.NO.: OOS%2564
(16) CITATION: filed Hay 7, 1976 issued Bay 3, 19V7.
(1) Stilus .tCC.NO.: 04J1ld
(2) PonesTic: F (2j CATP.GO»t: u9 (?) sn
(3) ARTICLr T1T1.": i'rocirir'ys on raiiioaotivf*
ease public Anxiety.
(6) JO'JKHAI TITtE: ^ucleat Viigii:eerlnft
|10) LAKGUAG17: T;S (10) GL<). A*JA: 1>0/^r"': ttTI/^ni; 10^ (10)
PHt. VKAh: IVHj
(11) ABSTRACT: \ re?«ort on the Internnt irsnal Sy»posln» of the
Banacement of Wastes from th.e L'«JM Fi.el ^ycle heU in T'er*ver 111 .Jnly
197C- concludes that prour^sr on r«» ive wastp di'-.aoTcl •ihoQi.,1 east>
pnblic dnii*-ty. The weeiiuq attrdct«.---* 600 partif-i^antn from the U.S.
and other countries. It rfas ar»nooncx?d t*iat the O.S. b«»lt;et allocation
for solution to the protl^s would b-- inrreas^fl from S4 million in
to over $^0 million iu 1-577. Stdtemt-uts of national "olicy were
by tse United SingtJo* (
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
Centre capable ot heau>ilinq 1,5t>0 .t >ur I.WH tael pi?r yt»ar
located over a salt done no that »«s-t of t >IP id^te nwlti be disposed ot
on thf spot). The sesrion.j Jvft the i«pT ^rsion that t?*<7»«Tii of
«anaqt-»eiit have teen :tevelor>e«1 to u point at which, if
vigor^nisli , wo»jlii result in risk to tie i>-b7i«- 'rubs-tdn
than thut fro* accidents to the reactor: .'M<-*i nrort«tc*;F'-'»~*CF; :.-:»?:.»; DISPOSAL;
GKK"»ftNY; 51*15*1 LR1TSIN; H\Z/H.K)UJ; 1 NTfcf'.SI TTO 1» 1 - » a^GVSrST ;
RADIO* CTIVE; tAFliTY; l»S
(14) FTERAhtl TEBKS: lhA/?PF; 11 • I*
(I1,) STIRS ACC.NO.: OCo'.i>2?l
(16) CITATION: 21 (.£17) : 16, AU rock formations, bait beds will
probably ce sites for early repositories. About i33.7 aillion will be
spent on terminal storage studies iiu 1977 to start a nine yr. progran.
Strong public opposition to studies or these i-ait formations karns of
trouble when disposal is planned. There are 50,000 sq . «i. of salt beds
in the U.S. in eaithquaxe free areas, and advantages over tne otner
geologic formations are noted. In assessing possible sites, tae area
tectonics, seismicity , erosion, structure, nydrogeoioyy , and aineral
resources will be analyzed. Tests will be done tor rock stress, heat
transfer, radiological etiects, and soix »ove»ent. 3'fco pilot plant
sites will be chosen by 1»7b. These will oe ejpunued to full scale
receiving rate and capacity in 1sl>0. oosts are unknown but sarety is
assured. In 1977, an enviioiinental impact stateaent oil waste management
will be published.
(12) K£V»ORDS: DISPOSAL; uEOLuulC; dAZA6DuUi;
SAFETY; SALX; SITfcS; US
(141 HIERABCK TERMS: iDii/^bn ; 1WA/2HF
(15) STIHb ACC.HO.: OOS42210
(16) CITATION: 5*9(1): id- tl , oac. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.:
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CAi'EGOtl: Oa (2) Suiid.TiPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TlTLi;: oraniua waste iesearcaers consider alternate
leans of tailing disposal.
(4) AUTHOR: Hoffett Li
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Canaaiun Bininy Journal
(10) LABGOAGE: BH (10) GKO. AHjiA: 1CO (10) Pdli. J£AR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Canada is the «orid*s secoud largest producer of
uranium, over 85 percent is produced cy the acid leaca process. The
industry disposes of about 11,000 tons of solid waste per day. Solid
waste may be disposed of oy land impoundment, lake disposal, or
backfill. The largest volume is impounded benind dams (typically about
500 acres with a 100 sdllion ton capacity) . Ail oi the solid wastes are
radioactive. Little can be done to attenuate the radiation from the
surface of the tailing area aud tne present practice is to restrict
access. There are presently over 1,00u acres of inactive tailing areas.
Rehabilitative efforts consist oi surtace treatment such as
establishment of a grass cover ana effluent control (effluent cones
from mine water, process waste, and surface drainage) . An analysis ot
typical final discharge effluents is givea together witu proposed
Federal regulations and guidelines tor the uranium industry. Major
contaminants are derived from chemicals added in the milling process
rather than from the ore. The recycling ot water is possible from mine
water, process rater, and final effluent. Tne protdea or liquid
269
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
effluents from surface drainage is almost exclusively associated with
inactive or abandoned tailing areas.
(12) KBIHOBDS: BASIN; CANADA; CttKHICAL; DISCHARGE; DISPOSAL;
DRAINAGE; EFFLUENT; HAZARDOUS; HYDRAULIC; LEACH; HIKE; RADIOACTIVE;
BECLAHATION; TAILINGS; WATER
(141 HIEBABCH TEBBS: 1DD/2DK; 1RA/2RG; 1SD/2SJ
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: 00342182
(16) CITATION: 98(1):48-50, Jan. 1977.
(1) SBIHS ACC.NO.: 043071
(2> DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY.: 09 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Method and device for closing a receptacle for
radioactive wastes.
(4) AUTHOR: Beyer A
(S) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Groupement Activ. Atom, at Advan. "GAAA"
(7) PATENT DATA: O.S. Patent Ho. 4,016,096
tlOJ LANGUAGE: KB (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2FR (10) PUB. JEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A method and a device for closing a receptacle for
radioactive wastes is described. The method of closing a barrel with an
inside lid and an outside lid separated by an 0 ring having two beads
is as follows: arranging the 0 ring on the top rim of the barrel, on
toe internal side, with the beads facing towards and away fro* the
interior of the barrel; resting the inside lid on the upper bead
bringing the 0 ring into contact with an annular *aste discharge port
external to the inside lid; orienting the barrel coaxially beneath the
waste discharge port for waste discharge; lifting the inside lid
axially fro* the Q ring and the annular ring and filling the barrel
with vaste; resting the inside lid again on the 0 ring upper bead;
driving the inside lid and the upper Dead downward toward the lower
bead below the level of the top ri» such that any surface portion of
the 0 ring seal between the beads subjected to possible radioactive
contamination during waste loading ot the barrel is blocked from
exposure to the barrel exterior; and installing the outside lid on the
barrel overlying the inside lid.
(12) KElfwORDS: APPARATUS; CONTAINER; HAZARDOUS; PATENT;
RADIOACTIVE; REFUSE
(14) HIEBARCH TERMS: ICI/^DV; IttA; 1RA/28H
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42114
(16) CITATION: Le Plessis Robinson, France, filed Sept. 12, 1975
issued Apr. 5, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 042979
(2) DOBESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: The boviet answer to nuclear waste
(4) AUTHOR: Belitzky B
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: New Scientist
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GKO. AREA: 1ED/2RU; 1US (10) POd. YEAR:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A fourfold expansion, planned by Soviet authorities,
for nuclear power has called for a drastic reappraisal of nuclear waste
disposal methods. Increasingly, boviet experts are guesioning the
storage techniques adopted by lestern countries. Although American
scientists clan a very low migration rate for radioisotopes from
storage of high level liquid and solid waste burial in crystalline rock
at depths of about 450 leters, studies By Soviet scientists have shown
unacceptable ligration rates. The disposal of low level and aediua
level fluid wastes has arranged in one area ot the DSSR in a porous
stratui consisting of quartz sandstone and clay. High level wastes lust
be solidified before ultimate disposal, generally by vitrification.
work is also underway to perfect such techniques as cenentation,
bituaunization, and fixation in ceramics or asphalt, cementation has
been employed for the disposal of low level wastes for a long tine.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; EUROPE; GEOLOGIC; HAZARDOUS; LIQUID;
POKEB; SAFETJ; SOLID; STORAGE; OS; UbSR
(14) UIERARCH TERHS: 1HA/2UF; 1UA/2HG; 1RA
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS42022
• 16) CITATION: 74(104B) :128-129, Apr. 21, 1977.
270
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SBIRS ACC.MO-: 0*2961
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORI: 09 (2) SUBJ.TTPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Fuel reprocessing and waste disposal.
(4) AUTHOR: Levenson B
(6) JODKHAL TITLE: Trans American Nuclear Society
(10) LANGUAGE: fcH (10) GEO. ABBA: UU; 1Ui> (10) POB. IEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Unclear fuel reprocessing and waste disposal are
discussed. Standard reprocessing which separates uraniun, plutoniun,
and fission products into separate streans has i>een in operation over
30 years in 7 countries. Although «any countries are increasing their
nuclear programs as a consequence ot the oil crisis, no equivalent
increase in reprocessing capacity is underway. Reasons lor this
include: econo»ic and financial questions raised oy the instaniitiy of
the regulatory issues, safety, and national and international
uncertainty about proposed regulations. Public reaction to fuel
reprocessing and waste disposal, both in the U.S. and in Europe, is
examined. Issues raised by the public are noted and addressed. Current
concerns focus on hazards fro» man and nature: man in toe forn ot
terrorists and irresponsible countries; and nature in the fora of new
ice ages, new volcanoes, or instability in the currently accepted laws
of chemistry and physics. It is suggested that scientist*s aims should
be honest objective assessaent of the risks, open disclosure of
details, balancing of risks versus benefits, und recognition ot which
alternatives really exist and which alternatives and energy sources are
still only Hopes.
(12) RECORDS: bJLSPOSAL; ECONOMICS; KNE8G1; EUROPE; FUEL;
HAZABDOUS; INTERNATIONAL; REGULATIONS; SAFETX; US
(1U) HIEBAHCH TERHS: 1DH/2D.L; 1HA; 1Kb; 1KA
(15) STIHS ACC-NO.: OOS420G4 (15) SEU)NDARX AUTHORS: Ziiterero M
(16} CITATION: (25) :103-106, 1977.
(1) SBIBS ACC.MO.: 0«2910
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUbJ.TKPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Preparation and characterization of sintered
giass-ceraaics froa calcined simulated high-level waste.
(4) AUTHOR: Sansel EG
(&) JOURNAL riTLE: nuclear technology
(10) LABGCAGE: EH (10) PUB. V£AK: 147?
(11) ABSTRACT: The developnent and characterizations of sintered
glass - ceraiics (SGCs) as a nonolithic waste torn for the ultiiate
storage of spent fuel fro» coomercial power plant radioactive waste is
reported. The SGCs developed iroi siiulat-«d conaercial fluidized bed
calcine provide an alternative waste tor» for ultnate storage.
Aluainosilicate flux, sintered kith calcine, inaobilizes and fixes the
waste within a glass - ceramic eatrix. High calcine concentration and
SSC densities caintaiu low waste volune, conserving on the number of
storage canisters required. SUC properties include hiyh resistance to
i«pact, thema1 shock and aqueous dissolution, which are desirable for
safe transport and storage. Porosxty in SkiC is useful in Binimizing
pressure buildup due to radioiytic gas generation and SGCs appear
suitable for storage with a centerline temperature as hiyn as BOO
degrees C. Low pressure Holding oi SGC into thin wall containers
appears practical as a aanufacturiny process.
(12) KEYWORDS: CEkAHIC; FLOlDJ^EiJ BED; FUEL; GLASi; PnOCEiS;
RADIOACTIVE;" RESIDUE; Sl'OfeAGE
(14) HIERARCH TERBS: 1HA/2HF; 15ft/2rC
(IS) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS"*1»53 (15) SEuONUARy AUTBuhb: iserreth JB
(16) CITAT10S: 33(1) :b8-7b, Apr. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 042817
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATHGOiU: U9 (2) SOBJ.flfPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Can nuclear wastes be uuried at sea?
{1) AUTHOR: Griawood t
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Hew Scientist
(10) LABGOAGE: EB (10) GiSO. ARtA: 1EU/2UK (10) Puts. J£AR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A preliminary «sssess»ent of the raaiological
conseguences of nuclear waste disposal to the deep ocean floor Bade by
Great Britain's National Radiological Protection board is examined. The
271
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
report highlights areas where study sad information is required. Most
of the HkPB assessment was concerned witii developing ct model describing
how radioactive material deposited on the ocean floor coold eventually
lead to the irradiation 01 nan, especially through food chains.
Calculations show the douinant route o.t individual ana collective
exposure for three categories or nuclidt-s (based on time after disposal
at *oich they woud give rise to their maximum annual dose): short term,
less than 500 years; in termed tatt term, 500 to 10,00u years; and long
term, greater than 10,000 yeais. This dominant route would be fioji
eonsuaaing food derived from marine plankton. Seduction of short term
doses could be achieved by designing a container tor the wastes which
would last hundreds or thouiiands or years, only 0road conclusions can
be drawn froi the study. Bany siguiticant uncertainties need to ce
resolved 0efore the disposal of high level radioactive waste on the
ocean floor is acceptable.
(12) KEYWORDS; CON'I'AIMEK; DISPOSAL; i'UROft; G8£AT BRITAIN;
HAZARDOUS; MATHEMATICAL MOD EL; OCliAN ; jSADlA I'lON ; itAOIOACri Yt; KE3EARCH
(11) HIERAKCh TERHS: ICI/xDV ; 1.1A; lUA
(liij STIWS ACC.HO.: OUS41dbO (15) S£cO*iOARi AOl'MoBS: «ei.t> vJ
CITAI'ION: >J (104U! :70a-711. Mar. 2t,
(t> ShlKS ACC.NO.: 04/725
(2) BOHESTIC; F (2} CATBGOKI: Ot> (2) SUb,) ,1'IP i,; S; t
(3) ABTICLE rlTLE: Disposal of toxic wastes — II. i-oisonous and
radioactive wastes.
(4} AUTHOH; Hodcn PJ
(fc) JODBfiAL TJTLfi: conservation t, recycling
(10J LAHGOAGE: US (10) StO. ARtA: IhO/^UK (10) PUB. XEAK: 1976
(11J &BSTBACT: The dispusul ot poisonous and radioactive wastes is
exanined. For Bdny wastes, the toxicity cdnnoi. ce reduced and three
•ethods oi treatment are used; diupersai in rivers or the oceau;
storage on special protected sites; and reclamation, i'he source and
danger of radioactive wastes are discussed as are their occurrence,
measurement, and relative toicicity. Tfiere are two types of radioactive
wastes: low level activity and uigh level activity. In Great iiiitain,
disposal of low level radioactive waste is carried out by burying in
the ground in a remote area. Treatment of high level radioactive wastes
includes sealing it in specially shielded druas lor storage; this is
practiced with wastes from nuclear porfer station effluent cleaning
systems. Many countries are arranging disposal of radioactive wastes
with methods agreed by the In ternntional Atomic Energy Agency. Special
containers will De dcpositea in designated deep w«ter areas wnich will
gradually leak over a long period when the toxicity will have been
reduced. Hastes rroa chemical processing of nuclear fuel are presently
being stored as liguids in ^teel taflk_< unaer strict security at ttie
processing plants until researco detet mines how to dispose of them.
Proposed methods of disposal include eelting, underground disposal;
storage in frozen ice or rocks; or shootmg into the sun.
(12) KEYWORDS: BUKY; CHEMICAL; CG«U'AI»ER; ns^osAi.; JSUKUPC; ruEL;
GREAT BRITAIN; IN XEhNATlONA L; KEStAkCw; S'i-OKAGi,
(14J H1E«A6CB 1-ERH^: 1HA/^HI'; 1lD
(15) SflflS ACC.NO.: OOSU1/66
(16) CITATION: t ( 1) : 1 1a-l/fa, te'tb.
(1) SWIRa ACC.SO.: 0425t>d
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CA'rEuGJOt: Ui» (2) SUbJ .'i'lf it JS: S; T
(5) COKPOBATE AUTHOR: Panel on tana Burial
(6) aoOK TITLE: The Shallow rand aurial of Low-tfevtJ Radioactively
Contaeinated Solid wastes.
(10) LASGUAGE: EN (10) GKO. AKtA: 10.S/2CO; 1US//ID; 1US/2IL;
1US/2NM; 1US/20H; 10S/2SC; 1US/2TB; 1US/2i«A (10) PUe. YEAR: 1y76
(11) AbSTHACr: Results are i,iven oi a study uudertaxen by tne Panel
on Land Burial of the U.S. Atomic Energy commission to investigate the
conditions, practices, and problems involved in tne near surface ground
burial 01 solid waste con taminatea »ith low levelfc of radioactive
materials. Specific types oi coutamiooted materials dealt witc include
institutional wastes sucn as paper towels, iaooiatory gloves, aiiri even
construction materials from an obsolete nucleox re;actor. Summaries of
272
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
sites surveyed and of other sites that play aii important role in this
sort, of solid waste generation/disposal are given, and include
mydrogeologic, climatic, physiographic, aod operational details ot
facility sites. Facilities visited were (1) the Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; (2) the Rucky Flats facility in
Colorado; (3) the Hound Laboratory in ohxo; (4) the Argonne National
laboratory in Illinois; (5) the Idaho national Engineering Laboratory;
(6) the Ban ford Dorks facility in Washington; (7) tbe Oak. Kidge
National Laboratory in Tennessee; and (8) the Savannah River Plant in
South Carolina. The Panel concludes that present burial practices have
not created a hazardous situation, although data gathered on low level
radioactive contaminated wastes at oak Ridge ana Savannah facilities
positively identify waste leaching. (Ketained in SBIKS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: B08Y; COLOHADO; CONTAalNATE; DISPOSAL; FACILITY;
IDAHO; ILLINOIS; INVESTIGATION; LANil; LEACH; NEH MEXICO; OHIO;
OPERATIONS RBSEAkCH; RADIOACTIVE; REFUSE; SAFETY; SITES; SOOTH
CAROLINA; TENNESSEE; WASHINGTON
(14) HIEfiAHCH TERMS: tAE; 1HA/2BF; 1KA/2HU
(15) ST1HS ACC.HO.: OOS41611
(16) CITATION: Washington, DC, National Academy ot Sciences, 1976.
150 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 042337
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBI: 09 (2) SJBJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Method for improving the incorporation of
radioactive wastes into a vitreous mass.
(4) AUTHOR: Bonniaud R
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Commissariat a 1'Energie Atomique.
(7) PATENT DATA: U.S. Patent No. 4,009,990
(10) LANGUAGE: EM (10) FOB. YEAK: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A method for improving the incorporation of
radioactive wastes into a vitreous mass as well as a calcinator for
carrying out the method are described. The calcinating device is
provided with a rotatable drum, the axis of which is slightly inclined
with respect to the horizontal and is adapted to be mounted inside a
furnace where it is used for nixing and heating a mixture of sintered
glass particles and radioactive wastes. The calcinator has, at tbe
extremites, two flanges to which are fixed an upper sleeve on a level
with which open an inlet conduit for the radioactive liquid, a conduit
connected to a hopper for feeding sintered glass and a gas exhaust
conduit and a lower sleeve. The extension of the sleeve (which is away
from the drum) is provided with an opening for expelling the calcinate
obtained and transferring it to a smelting furnace. The calciuator is
also provided with a means tor rotating and sealing it. Since the bed
for treated substances moves, it serves to clean the calcinator,
rendering mechanical cleaning unnecessary.
(12) KEYWORDS: COMBINED; GASStS; GLASS; HAZAhDOOS; LIQUID; PATENT;
RADIOACTIVE; SOLID
HIERAKCH TERMS: 1DD/2IK); 1HA/2HG; 1PB; 1RA/2KG
STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS41J81 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: douan A;
PROCESS;
(14)
(15)
Sombret
CITATION: filed Pec. 27, 11.75 issued Mar. 1, 1977,
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 042097
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Shroud for storing radioactive spent nuclear
fuel cells.
(4) AUTHOR: Hollou L
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: brooks and Perkins, inc
(7) PATENT DATA: U.S. Patent Ko. 4,006,3t>2
(10) LANGUAGE: Eli (10) P0t>. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A generally tubular shroud for storing radioactive
spent nuclear fuel cells is described. Each 01 the tubular shrouds is
composed of inner and outer metallic tubes, preferably formed of
stainless steel, dimensioned to provide a space between the inner and
outer tubes. Tbe shroud is of rectangular cross section, as are each ot
the tubes, and tue four spaces provided at the sides of the shroud are
273
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
generally flat elongated spaces. Sandwiches formed of outer layers of
thin aluminum sheet and au intermedlate layer of boron carbide are
Inserted into the spaces. The sandwiches completely fill the spaces
with a suitable end overlap at the sides to prevent the escape of
neutrons. The shrouds in sposed vertically in the pool and the upper
and lower ends oi the spaces Between the tubes are suitably sealed by
folding over longitudinally i-rojectinc, end portions of one or both
tubes beyond the adjacent end oi the sandwich. The upper ends o£ the
shrouds have funnel constructions which include portions extending into
the upper ends of the spaces between tie tubes so as to provide an
effective seal.
(12) KEYWORDS: ALUMIHUB; CONTAINS; FUEL; HAZARDOUS; METAL; PATENT;
R1DIOACTIVE; STORAGE
(14) HISRA8CH TERMS: 1HA; 1RA/2HH; 1SH/2SO
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.; OOS41141 (15) SECOKDARY AUTHORS: Ball KR
(16) CITATION: iiled Nov. 17, 19/S issued Feb. 1, 1»77.
(1) SKIES ACC.iO.: 042071
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.tYPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Removal of rctdioactive contamination from a
nuclear reactor coolant.
(14) AUTHOR: Coo pec BH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Bestinghouse Electric Corp
(?) PATENT DATA: U.S. Patent Ho. 4,010,068
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. 1EAB: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The removal of radioactive contaminants fro* the
coolant of a liquid metal cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor is
described. The equipment consists of an oscillating cold trap system in
which one trap is loaded with reactancs while a second trap, in series
flow connection, is used to precipitate t-he radioactive contamination
and the excess reactants. When the reactants in the first trap are
exhausted, the direction of the flow is reversed; the heating and
cooling of the traps are also reversea. The second cold trap then acts
as the reactant supply, while the first cold trap operates to remove
the inpurities by precipitation. When the excess reactant has been
exhausted from the second trap, the How is again switched, reversing
the roles of the two cold traps. The system is continuously and
reversibly operated in this manner until the reactants can no longer be
used to precipitate radioactive contanination contained within the
reactor coolant. Sodium hydride, sodium oxide and sodium iodide may be
loaded into the oscillating cold trap system. They will effectively and
efficiently remove tritium, oarium 140, cesium 141, zirconium 95,
iodine 131 and iodine 125.
(12) KEYWORDS: COHTAKlM ATE; HAZARDOUS; PATEST; PRECIPITATE;
PROCESS; PUR1FICATIOH; RADIOACTIVE
(14) H1ERA8CH TERMS: 1HA; IRA; 1HA/2WD
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS41115
(16) CITATION: filed Bar. 3, 1975 issued Bar. 1, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0420o3
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: C* (2) SUbJ-TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Volume reduction oi spent radioactive ion
exchange resin.
(4) AUTHOR: Tiepel E«
(5) CORPORATE AOTHOfi: Westingbouse Electric Corporation
(7) PATENT DATA: U.S. Patent No. 4,00tt,171
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAtt: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: A process for reducing the volume of spent
radioactive ion exchange resius whicn have been used for conditioning
water circulated through a nuclear reactor is described. The spent
resins are discharged from the reactor system as radioactive wastes to
a spent resin storage tank in the form of a slurry. The slurry is first
vacuum dewatered to remove the tree water and then the intrinsic water
in the wet resin beads is reioveu by drying in a vacuum fiuidized bed
chamber utilizing superheated steam which also acts to fluidize the
bed. Further drying is accomplished by spraying the partially dried
resin and superheated steam through a steam injected two iluia nozzle
for further extraction of intrinsic water from the resins. The steam is
274
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1WHOACTTVE WASTES
discharged to a condenser and Uie dried resins to an evacuated disposal
drua. Approximate four to oj^e voiuae reductions from the resin/water
slurry to tne dried resin is abtaj.iidi>.ie £>/ practicing tae process. The
water removed from the wet resins ib condensed along with the
fiuidizing and transporting steam and sent oack to the reactor liquid
Haste processing system-
(12) KEYWORDS: CONCENTRATIOH; DhiiKG; FLUlDIZfiD *iU; hAiAKDOUb; IO1I
EXCHANGE; PATENT; RADIOACTIVE; jiEUUi-XIOIl; fifiblH; VOLUME
(14) filERARCB TERHS: 1HA; IRA; 1SK/2SM; Mb
(15) SUMS ACC.SO.: 0054110/ (1DJ SECONDARY AUTHORS: Kitzes AS;
Lee PK
(16) CITATION: tiled Se^t. 10, 1i*/3, issued Pea. 15, 1y77.
(1) SW1KS ACC.SO.: 0*42059
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CA'I£GOIy polyaerization dt temperatures froa 15 to 50 C. Tne
process may be carried out at noraal or elevated pressure. A vide
variety ot Bonovinyi compounds may fcu usea jjut styrene, vinyl toluene
and lethyl acrylate are preieired. A wide variety or ixiiyvinyl
conpounds lay be used but divinyi benzene and trivinyl Denzene are
preferred. Polyaerization catalysts wnicn react at roo« teaperature
sucn as azo-bis-isobutyronitrile are preferred although a nunuer of
different ones are available. The Hardening May take iron several hours
to 30 days and aay be hastened by heating.
(12) KEXHOBDS: KOKOPE; GBrtMANX; LIQUID; MATERIALS HANOL1NG;
OBGANIC; PATE8T; POLYflER; PHOC£iS; ^ADIOACTlVi; SAfJifl; STOttA<.E; XO/IC;
TfiAtiSPOBI
(14) HIERAflCH TE8HS: lHA/^H(i; 1^V2TC; ITF/iTH
(15) b'TIHS ACC.HO.: 00541103 (15j SECONt^Ahr AUTaOhS: orobniK S;
Hild <
(16) CITATION: tiled iiec- 20, l!>/4, issuea Fei>. 22, 1977.
(1> SK18S ACC.WO.: 04^040
(2) DOMESTIC: D {2} CATfctiOrfY : Oa (2) i>OBJ.XYPK: I
(3) AKXICLE 1'IPLE: ERDA's plans for auclear wastes rapped.
(6) JOURNAL TlfLis: Cheaical and Engineering News
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. fEAtt: 1J77
(11) ABSTRACT: The Eimrvjy Researcii and Development Administration's
(ERDA) plans for reburyin<3 uuclear wastes is criticized by «.ne National
Research Council's Panel on Laud flarial. The cibbk practice ot uurying
its solid wastes contaminated wita low levels of radioactivity in
snailOH urencnes and pits presents no threat to hunan health; but the
ERDA plan to exhune and reoury siuca 01 the wastes that were uurieu in
the earlier days of nuclear technology is considered hazardous. Tue
Panel recoanends disposal in a final repository. One of the Panel's
concerns the availability of smtacle curial land as the amount ot
waste increases with the construction of new plants and tae disaantling
ot present reactors and facilities as they become obsolete. The panel
outlines a number of principles tor tne selection ot future r>uriai
sites and recommends several safety measures.
(12) KEYWORDS: flORY; DISPOSAL; fLUSitkL.; HAZARDOUS; PACKAGING;
PROGRAM; RADIOACTIVE; WATERwAX
(14) fclERARCH TERMS: 1hA; lHi>; 1MA/2Hii; 1hA/2iiG
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00341084
(16) CITATION: 55(3):7, Jan. 17, 1977.
275
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(t) SKlhS ACC.KG.:
(2) DuHESTIC: D (2) CA'fUGOici: 0* {2} ^UisJ.riPiJ: a; T
(3) ABTiCLf I'l'fki: Radioactive wasts disposal or water containing
waste using urea-torBaluenyue resin,
(4) AUTHOR: Gabiin KA
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Nuclear Engineering Company, inc.
(1) 1>1TE8T DA'j-A: U.S. Patent so. 4,U1G,1Gtt
(10) LANGUAGE: EH (10) PUB. XEA»: 1«77
(11) ABSTRACT: A nethod ot soiidiiyiny radioactive waste Material
containing free water ibto a tree staiidicg body using a area
formaldehyde resin is described. Tne radioactive waste *atenul if
concentrated to a level suitable ±or disposal. The water is contacted
witn ion exchange resin ueaas capable ot taxing up radioactive metal
cations and holding tue» within the resiii »at>s. The deionized water is
returned to a cooking loop una the wet resin beads containing the
radioactive components are disposed ot Ly encapsulating tnesi wituin a
bydrophilic resinous «atetiai. Any 01 tue usual urea f oradldeiiy de
coapositxons »ay oe used tor the nyarophiiic resin. The resin should be
capaole of curing to a nigh polyser u^on the addition oi an acidic
curing agent.. At ter tne waste oattria^ is iaaooilized vitnin a solid
Jsiocic ot oydrophilic resinous lateriax, it may ue waterproolea to
protect against leaching, ii atsireu. The waste idterial aay ue
concentrated either by evaporation OL nitration.
(t2) KEYMOBDS: LOhCKNTfi AI 10K ; CoNi'ROL; ION i.XCHAHGfc; LEACH; LIQUID;
PATENT; HADluACTI?E; EES1«; SOi-ID; taiaTE «ATti<; HATilK
(t4) HiERABCti 'fE«Hi>: 1HA; 1SA/2«G; IhA/^Kri
(15J ST1BS ACC.MO.; OOS4107i> (1f>J SfiCONijAtti ADTHOKS: iiausen LJ
(1b) (.ITAIlOJi : tiled Hov. 29, 1*7j issued Mar. t, 1977.
(t) SBIRS ACC.HO.: 041^16
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATE^Ofcy: Cy (2) SUaJ .TX Pi; : :>; I
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Shale as a repository lor radioactivt waste: tne
evidence from Oklo.
(4) AOTBOB: firookins Dti
(6) JOUHitAL TlTLfc: £nvironeentai Geology
(10) LAHGOAGE: EN (10) GEO. AhtA; 1AF/^GB (10) PUB. JEAK : 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Study of the l.b billion year old uraniu* ore zones
at the Ofclo Mine in the Kepubiic o£ Gabon sho«s tnat many ot the
elements producea by fission nave been almost coupletely retained, as
evidenced J>y proper budgets ot stable daughter elements. Plutoniua,
rutheniun, the rare earth elenents, zirconium, and palladiua have been
effectively retained while most ctiaicopuile elements ejtniuit sose
degree of re«oDHizatioii. The uklo reactor orei., tj-gni_£ice«atly , occur
in shale infilled into a fracture systen in organo-ar ^ill<»ceoa£.
sandstone, bo many of the fission produced elements retained ii.i tnis
shale along with evidence tnat most others may nave ueeu oniy locally
redistributed lends support to considering unales iu geologically
stable areas for radioactive waste disposal.
(12) KE1(«iUBDS: AFRICA; DISPOSAL; fcAKTH; Lj&ACH; HlhK; fllNBhAL;
RADIOACTIVE; STOfaASE
(14) HIEHARCH TEKMS: 1HA; 1HA/2uG; IhA/^Bi,; 1Sn//i'u
(1i>) STlflS ACC.MO.: OOS409bO
(16) CITATION: 1 (5) :2S5-2b*«, 19/b.
(1) ShlRS ACC.NO-: 041852
(2) COHESTIC: D (2) CATiJCOKi; (>a (^) SUBJ.TXPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: HavKes N (10) GEU. AhtA: IEU/2GE (10) t'UB. DEAR:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The problen o± raaioactive waste generated by
nuclear plants in West Ueraany is discussed, kest Germany plans to have
35,000 Begawatts of nuclear capacity installed by 1985. A court .
decision is noted which stipulated that tne construction of a nuclear
plant in the country could not occur until a national policy for the
disposal of radioactive waste had been developed. Potential sites and
•ethods tor the disposal of radioactive waste are being considered by
governaent officials. The thick salt beds in the Lover Saxony area of
the country have lie en chosen as the only geological strata waich can be
276
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
used for disposing of waste fro* nuclear reprocessing plants. Other
sites ace also being considered. Once a site has definitely been
selected, it Mill be used as a Haste management facility and as a
reprocessing plant. Opposition to the proposed dual facility is
significant.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; BOKOPB; GERMANY; PLANNING;
PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; POHKH; RADIOACTIVE; REGULATIONS; SALT; SITES
(14) HIEBARCB TERHS: 1DD/2D8; 1LB/2LD; 1KA
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: 00540696
(18) DOC.CIT.: Uawkes, N. Science in Europe/nuclear wastes stymie
Best Germans. Science, 195(U2tJ2) :962-963, Mar. 11, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ICC.MO.: 041765
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 04 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S (10) GBO.
AHE1: IB* (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: the Energy Reseatca and Development Administration
(KRDA) is expanding its study of deep underground formations within the
United States to gather preliminary data on the suitability ot geologic
disposal for safe, terminal storage ot commercial nuclear wastes. Field
work, including core drilling, will be conducted along with geologic
literature studies. KRDA is preparing a draft generic environmental
impact statement on the commercial nuclear waste management program.
Bhen a particular location is selected as a potential waste repository,
an environmental impact statement specific to that location will be
drafted before EBDA submits a request to Congress for construction
funds. Public hearings will be conducted as appropriate. Geologic
formations to be studied and evaluated are itemized as are the steps
which will be taken to assess the repository potential of the
formations.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; GEOLOGIC; RADIOACTIVE; RESEARCH; SAFETY;
SUBS; STORAGE; UNDERGROUND
(14) UIERARCH TERMS: 1UA/2HG
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS40&09
(18) DOC.CIT.: £RDA proposes study of geologic formations for data
on underground sites for nuclear waste disposal. Professional Engineer,
47(1) :27, Jan. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041620
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.IYPE: S; T
(4) AOTHOR: Dippel I (10) PUB. YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The decontamination of surfaces, as presently
practiced, generates large volumes of radioactive liquid wastes with
considerable loads of nonradioactive matter. Optimization work, aimed at
reducing the quantity of these wastes has been carried out on a liquid
cleaning agent, a washing agent lor contaminated protective clothing, a
decontamination paste, and decontamination with molten salts. The
pastes and molten salts, unlike other decontamination agents, can be
applied in thin layers, resulting in considertibly smaller amounts of
waste. These agents are therefore useful alternatives to liquid
decontamination media.
(12) KEYWORDS: COMPARISON; LIQUID; PURIFICATION; RADIOACTIVE;
REDUCTION; RESIDUE; SALT; TREATMENT; VOLUME
(14) H1ERARCH TERMS: 1RA
(IS) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS40664 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Hentschel D;
Kunze S
(18) DOC.CIT.: Dippel, T. , D. Hentscnel, and S. Kunze.
Dekontamination and dekontamiuationsaLfaelle. (Decontamination and
decontamination wastes. ) Kerntechnik, 13(12):526-531, Dec. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 041557
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY.: 09 U) SDbJ.TYPB: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: ttebbington HP (10) GBO. AR£A: 1HA/2HG (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The need for an industry in the United States to
process spent nuclear fuels to remove fission products and plutonium,
and reclaim uranium, is discussed, in 19 years one private plant was
277
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
opened, and then shut dowu is. 1972, while another awaits a nuclear
Regulatory Commission license. The components and characteristics of
spent nuclear fuel are described. Fission products are the chief source
of heat and radiation ia spent fuel. Several months storage in uater
pools at the plant is the first step in treatment and research into
subsequent treatment done at Baniord, Washington, is outlined, the
processes irere successful and efficient and 9i> percent of the p.Lutonium
vas recovered; uranium was not recovered and there nas a large .mount
of waste. This Doric's value for the nuclear fuel processing industry
was the development of remote operation and maintenance, and
innovations of engineering design, and the plant used is described.
Soie of the components, properties, and problems of dealing witli spent
fuel and fission products are outlined, the chief fear ceing the
effects on public health.
(12J KEYWORDS: EUROPE; FUEL; GBBAT tsRITAlH; HEALTH; H1STOHY;
INDUSTRY; MAINTSMANCE; EADIOACTIVt; iiKCLArtAtlOS; SOLVKST; STORAGE;
TBEATBEHT
(14) HIERARCH TKRHb: tRA
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOSaObOl
(18) DOC.CIT.: Bebcington, U. P. the reprocessing of nuclear fuels.
Scientific American, 235(6);30-41, Dec. 197b.
(1) SHIBS ACC.SO.: 0413b9
(2) DOMESTIC: T (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.rifPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Cave L (10) GEO. AKEA: 1MA/2MC; 1KA/2KG (10J PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) 1BSTBACT: Problems associated with the management and disposal
of nuclear waste are explored. It is pointed out that reprocessing and
vaste management is the nost urgent problem facing the nuclear
industry. The position of the inergj Kesearch and Developaent
Administration on nuclear waste is detailed. The administration"s
preferred choice of technology foi highly active waste is to convert it
from liquid to solid naterial within b years of its generation and then
dispose of evaporated solids in suitable geological formations.
England's policies on waste storage are described as well as France's
approach to the management of nuclear waste, international aspects of
waste management are examined. Consideration is given to the use of
concrete wells for storage, governmental responsibility and public
interest in the disposal of nuclear waste, commercial waste,
technological processes involved in the solidification of highly
actively liquid waste from fuel reprocessing, and the ultimate disposal
of active vaste. Tabular data are provided on tne characteristics ot
solidified high level waste.
(12) KE180BDS: DISPOSAL; EUBOPE; FRANCE; Ji'UKL; GREAT bRITAIII;
IHTER8ATIO8AL; LIQUID; SAMAGliftEBT; PfiOBLEHS; hADIOACTiVE; SITES; SOLID;
STORAGE
(14) HIERABCH TEBHS: 1R£/2fcH
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.; OOS40433
(18) DOC.CIT.: Cave, L. Hanagement of wastes iro« the LKR fuel
cycle. Nuclear Engineering international, 21 (250):6i-74, Nov. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 041373
(2) DOBEST1C: F (2) CA'i'EGOh*: Or* (e used to
convert exposure rate (mR/hr) into Ci (Curie) content in packaged or
drummed radioactive Waste. A model Dased on a cylindrical shape is
used. The conversion curves take into account changes in package
dimensions, waste density, and average gamma energy.
(12) KEYHOKDS: CONTAINER; DESIGN; MAIrfEHATiCAL MOUEL; MtASUi EHENTi,;
HOM1TOR; PACKAGING; RADIOACTIVh; SEEPAGE
(14) HIERARCB TEfcMi,: 1SA/2KH
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS40417 (15) SKCONDARK AUTHORS: Swindle HL
(18) DOC.CIT,: Bowman, h. B. , and D. L. Swindle. Determination of
the Ci content of packaged radioactive waste using measured dose rates.
Health Physics, 31 (5) :445-4t>0, «ov.
278
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SHIRS ACC.no.: 041348
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) S06J.TYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Hamelle J (10) GEO. AREA: 1EO/2FR (10) PUB. XfcAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The interim storage and final disposal of nuclear
waste in France is examined. Provisions have oeen made for the storage
of high level liquid waste, and the construction of new storage tanks
is in progress. Factors limiting the disposal of nuclear waste are
noted, and data on the production of nuclear waste are provided. Safety
aspects of storage are detailed. The primary characteristics of storage
tanks for containment include tne following: (1) tanks are Made of
stainless steel with severe quality control requirements; (2) cooling
coils suspended inside the tanks are provided; (3) the primary cooling
circuit is a closed loop connecting plate exchangers to aerocondensers;
(4) agitation is performed by air pulsations; and (5) tank ventilation
is related to scrubbers. The French process of vitrification is
detailed. The suitability of geological fornations for the disposal of
nuclear waste is explored.
(12] KEYWORDS: OPPOSITION; DATA; DISPOSAL; EOROPJS; FRABCE;
GEOLOGIC; RADIOACTIYE; SAFETY; STORAGE; TANK
(14) HIEKARCH TEKHS: 1RA/2RG; 1R4/2RH
(15J STIHS ICC.BO.: OOS40392 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Sousseiier Y
(18) DOC.C1T.: Ramelle, J. , and X. Sousseiier. Intern storage and
final disposal of nuclear wastes in Fiance. Kerntechnik,
18(12) :524-525, Dec. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.RO.: 041331
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPi!: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Tatyrek AF (10) GEO. AKEA: 1BA/2HG (10) PUB. YEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The formation and chemistry of pink waste water from
TUT processing are addressed. Based on experimental work and field
experience with TNT and pink water, it is shown that both are toxic
hazards. The treatment of pink waste water is classified according to
concentration and destruction Methods. Concentration methods include
distillation, reverse osmosis, carbon adsorption and regeneration,
polymeric adsorption and regeneration, foan separation, solvent
extraction, and water recycle. Destruction methods relate to
ozonolysis, ozonolysis and ultraviolet techniques, gamma radiation,
incineration, aqueous phase catalytic oxidation, and composting and
soil disposal. The effectiveness of these treatment methods is
detailed, and significant parameters of each treatment, method ace
noted. It is concluded that the major problem to tie overcome in tne
treatment of pink water effluent is the development ol an effective and
economic process for concentrating large quantities of the very dilute
effluent to a significantly more concentrated fora which may then be
readily destroyed. (Retained in SWIhS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: CONCENXBATiON; DISPOSAL; EXPLOSION; dAZARDoUS;
PLAHT-I1TDUSTRIAL; TOXIC; PRKATHilllT; HASTE HATEk
(14) H1ERARCH TEBHS: 1IC/2IY
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS40375
(18) DOC.CIT.: Tatyrek, A. F. Treatment of TUP munitions
wastewaters: the current state of the art. Dover, »J, Picatinny
Arsenal, Oct. 1976. 145 p.
(t) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 041116
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; t
(4) ADTUOR: boden PJ (10) GEO. AKEA: 1HA/2HG (10} PUfc. YEAR:
1976
(11} ABSTRACT: The disposal of toxic and radioactive wastes is
discussed. Many industries use toxic chemicals, thus producing toxic
wastes some of which can be rendered harmless at the plant or reduced
by conversion to another fora. Treatment of wastes whose toxicity
cannot be reduced include dispersal in rivers or ocean, storage on
special sites, and reclamation. Mercury is particularly dangerous when
dispersed in water, as it concentrates in fish, with consequent danger
to consumers. Solid waste disposal is vainly ay placing the slurries
formed in settling ponds, and in Great Britain toxic chemical duaping
279
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
sites are licensed and radioactive wastes are handled by governmental
disposal service, The operation ol a licensed toxic waste dump is
described. The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy are
discussed and the occurrence and characteristics or radioactivity are
described, together with the different measurements of radioactivity,
and dosage effects. Comparative toxicity of lead, arsenic, and fission
products are presented, indicating that water dispersal is not possible
for radioactive wastes, and radioactive decay is very slow. The sources
of low, and high level activity radioactive wastes are given. In Great
Britain a 250 acre site is reserved for disposal of low level activity
wastes. Compression and baling of tne waste was found costly and added
another area of contamination. Incineration was costly and not us
effective. High level liquiu effluents are processed to remove solids
that can then be sealed in drums for transportation by rail to a
storage site.
(12) KEYWORDS: COMPACTION; KUKOJ>E; FISH; UREA! BK1TAIM;
IMCIHEBAtlOM; LICENSE; HERCURI; OCEAN; RADIOACTIVE; SITES; STORAGE;
TOXIC; TREATMENT; WATfcRBAY
(14) HIEBARCH TERMS: 1HA/2HP
(15) SUMS ACC.SO.: OOS40160
(1«) DOC.C1T.: Boden, P. J. Disposal of toxic wastes. 2. poisonous
and radioactive wastes. Conservation and Recycling, 1(1) :119-12B, 1976.
O) SHIRS iCC.HO.: 040973
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SObO.TXi-E: I
(H) AUTHOR: Herritt KF CIO) GEO. AKEA: 1LC; 1RA/2Rh (10) PUB.
IEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The results fro* two test burials of high level
wastes, incorporated into nepheline syenite giass and buried in contact
with groundvater for IS yr, indicate that the nuclear wastes irom fuel
processing for a 30,000 MW(e) nuclear power industry could be
incorporated into such glass and stored beneath the water table in the
waste management area of Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (C8HL)
without harm to the environment. The process was developed as an
alternative to solidification of spent fuel from nuclear power plants,
and in solution to the hazard potential of leaching, CRHL created a
material so durable that it could be buried underground without
containment. The material was a glass based on nepheline syenite, a
naturally occurring aluminosilicate mineral. Glass blocks were prepared
by combining a mixture of 85 percent nepheline syenite and 15 percent
lime with fission product solution in a ceramic crucible. The resulting
gel was dried, denitrated at 900 C (1173 fc) , and melted at 1350 C (1623
K) to form a glass. Volatile components, mainly ruthenium aiid cesium,
were adsorbed on a heated bed of fire brick and iron oxides. Two
further field leach tests are in progress.
(12) KEYWORDS: BORY; CANADA; COMMERCIAL; CONTAINER; EFFECT;
ENVIRONMENT; GLASS; GROOfcD HATEh; INVESTIGATION; LABORATORY; i-EACB;
RADIOACTIVE; SOLID; STORAGE; UNDERGROUND
(14J H1ERARCH TERMS: 1Gb
(15) STISS ACC.NO.: OOS40017
(1b) DOC.C1T.: Merritt, M. P. Higa level waste glass: field leach
test. Nuclear Technology, 3^(1}:bfa-9G, Jan. 1977.
(1) SBIRb ACC.NO.: 040971
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oy (2) SUfaJ.TYPE: S; T
(*t) AUTHOR: Hoore JG (10) GisO. AREA: 1LC; 1RA/2hH (10) PUb.
IBAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The rates at which strontium, cesium, plutonian, and
curium are leached rrom hydroiracture grout (a modiried cement) were
measured. These studies utilized the test method proposed by the
International Atomic fcnergy Agency or a modification that exposed
smaller specimens with a higher surrace to volume ratio to a larger
volume of leachant. In general, the isotope leach rate followed the
order: cesium, aoreso than strontium, more so taan curium, moreso than
Plutonium. The amount of an isotope leached as a lunction of time
depended on the composition of the ieachaiit and varied in the order:
distilled water, moreso than tap water, moreso than grout water.
Concentrating the waste by a luctor ot up to 4 (prior to incorporation
280
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
into a grout) had little effect on the leach rate of either strontium
or cesium. A comparison of the leach data for the grout with results
reported previously by other investigators tor other products indicates
that the grout can provide leach rates comparable to those obtained for
wastes incorporated into borosilicate glass.
(12) KBYBORDS: ANALYSIS; COMPARISON; CONCRETE; GLASS; ISOTOPE;
LABORATORY; LEACH; MEASUREMENTS; RADIOACTIVE; SIMULATION; TIRE
(14) H1ERAHCH TERMS: 1A£
(15J STI8S ACC.HO.: OOS40015 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Godbee HB;
Kibbey AH
(Iti) BOC.CIT.: Hoore, J. 6. , H. U. Godbee, and A. H. Kiobey. Leach
behavior of hydrofracture grout incorporating radioactive wastes.
Buclear Technology, 32(1):39-52, Jan. 1977.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 040970
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 U\ SUbJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Colombo P (10) GEO. AREA: IDS/2111 (10) PUB- TEAR:
19T7
(11) ABSTRACT: Techniques are developed for the solidification of
radioactive wastes in concrete. Included are the sources, storage,
volume reduction, and solidification of liquid wastes at arookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York., using the cement/vermicnlite
process, as well as solid waste treatment, shipping containers, and off
site shipments of solid wastes. The properties of low heat generating
high level wastes, simulating those in storage at the Savannah River
Plant, solidified in concrete were determined. Polymer impregnation was
found to further decrease the leachability and improve the durability
of these concrete waste forms. Hathematical models and numerous tables
are included.
(12) KEYWORDS: COATING; CONCRETE; CONTAIN KB; LEACH; LIQUID;
POLYMER; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; SOLID; STORAGE; TECHNOLOGY
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1MA/2MH; 1HA/2RG; 1RA/2RH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS40014 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Mielson RM
Jr
(18) OOC.CIT.: Colombo, P. , and it. fi. iielson. Jr. Some techniques
for the solidification of radioactive wastes in concrete. Nuclear
Technology, 32(1):30-38, Jan. 1977.
(1) SilRS ACC.HO.: 040969
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; Ob* U) SOBJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Mickland CE (10) GEO. AREA: 10S/2CO/3RF (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Large quantities or plutoniun contaminated waste are
generated at the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration's
(ERDA) nuclear weapons facility, the Rocky Flats Plant. Liquid and
solid wastes are generated and treated to produce immobile, stable,
solidified wastes. Effective waste aanageaent techniques have been
incorporated to significantly reduce the volume of waste. Pacxaging
systems have been designed to meet the 20 yr retrievability
requirement. The sources of waste generation and the treatment
processes performed at Rocky Flats as well as the waste packaging
systems utilized to meet U. S. Department of Transportation and ERDA
requirements are discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: COLORADO; CONTAINER; CONTAMINATE; CRITERIA; DESIGN;
FACILITY; FEDERAL; MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS RESfcARCh; RADIOACTIVE;
REDUCTION; RESIDUE; STABILIZATION; VOLUME
(14) HIERAKCH TERMS: 1PM; 1KA/2kb; 1SM/2TC
(15) STIHS ACC.HO.: OOS40013
(18) DOC.CIT.: uickiand, C. &, Packaging *ocky Flats waste. Nuclear
Technology, 32(1):25-29, Jan. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 040968
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.fYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: tterreth JR (10) GEO. AREA: 1SM/2SO (10) POb. YEAR:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Corrosion measurements on stainless steel Dins used
to store high level waste (HLK) calcines at the Idaho Caeiical
281
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Processing Plant indicate an internal corrosion rate of 0. 13 •• over
500 yr- From a corrosion standpoint, the existing bins or canisters
stored in air will last more than 500 jr. Synthetic commercial HLHs
solidified by fluidized bed calcination have been stabilized (nitrates
and water removed) at 620 to 720 C to periit their storage in sealed
canisters. Heat transfer properties in the canister storage ot the
basic HLB forms were calculated, based on specified canister
configurations, cooling Media, and maximum permissible product or
canister wall temperature, for a 150 HTO/yr commercial reprocessing
plant. The number of canisters required annually varies from
approximately 150 to bOO canisters/yr. Numerous tables are given.
(12) KEYBORDS: CHEHICAL; COBTAIHER; CORROSION; FACILITY; FLOIDIZED
BKD; HEAT; IDAHO; HEASOREMEUTS; HETAL; PROCESS; PROJECTION;
HADIOACT1VE; SOLID; STABILIZATION STORAGE; TiHE
(14) HIERAECH TERHS: 1BA/2RH
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS40012 (15) SBCOHDARX AUTHORS: Hoskins AP;
Hindileisch JA
(18) DOC.CIT.: Berreth, 0. R. , A. P. Hoskins, and J. A.
Bindfleisch. stabilization and storage of solidified high-level
radioactive wastes. Nuclear Technology, 32(1)i16-24, Jan. 1977.
(1} SHIRS ACC.BO.: 040967
(2) DOHESTIC: 0 (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Mershad EA (10) GEO. AK£A: 10S/20U (10) PUB. YEAR:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Operations conducted at Hound Laboratory (Boiasanto
Research Corporation), Hiamis0urg, Ohio include the routine handling of
•ultigram quantities of tritium in various research, development, and
analytical systems. These operations produce radioactively contaminated
effluents that must be processed to remove tritium, tritium oxide, and
tritiated pump oil vapors before release of tne effluent gases to the
environment. In the process ot decontaminating the effluent gas stream,
appreciable quantities of tritium contaminated liquid wastes are
collected. Because of increased emphasis on minimizing tritium release
to the environment, considerable effort has been expended in areas of
containment, safe handling, aud disposal of tritiated liquid waste.
Mound Laboratory has developed facilities and methods for the safe
handling and packaging of this liquid waste. The primary objectives of
all tritiated waste packaging procedures are to (1) minimize effluent
releases and personnel exposure during packaging; (2) ensure integrity
of the primary containment; (3) minimize tritium permeation to the
secondary and tertiary containment; (4) prevent or minimize isotopic
exchange with groundvaters; (5) comply with 0. s. Energy Research and
Development Administration snipping regulations for radioactive wastes;
and (6) meet U.S. Department of Transportation shipping requirements.
(12) KEYWORDS: BUHY; CONTAINER; COHTAHISATE; EFFLUENT; FACILITY.;
LABORATORY; OHIO; OIL; OPERATIONS RESEARCH; RADIOACTIVE; TECHNOLOGY;
TREATMENT; HASTE NATEtt
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1RA/2RH; 1SM/2SO; 1SH/2TC
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSU0011 (15) SECONDAH 1 AUTHORS: Dauby JJ;
Thomasson H«
(18) DOC.CIT.: nershad, £. A. , H. U. Thoaasson, and J. J. JJauby.
Packaging of tritium-contaminated liquid waste. Nuclear Technology,
32(1):53-59, Jan. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040966
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Jackson RR (10) 6EO. AREA: 1US/2WA/3HN (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The strontium (,Sr) and cesium (Cs) fractions
separated from high radiation level wastes at Hanford are converted to
the solid strontium fluoride and cesium chloride salts, doubly
encapsulated, and stored underwater in the Haste Encapsulation and
Storage Facility. A capsule contains approximately 70,000 curies (Ci)
(2. 59 PBq recommended maximum package) of Cs137 or 70,000 to 140,000
Ci (2. 59) to 5. 18 PBq) of Sr90. Materials for fabrication of process
equipment and capsules must withstand a combination of corrosive
chemicals, high radiation dosages, and, frequently, elevated
282
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
temperatures. rue two metals selected tor capsules, Hasteiloy C-276 for
strontium fluoride and Type 316i stainless steel for cesium chloride,
are adequate for prolonged containaent. Additional aaterials studies
are being done Both for licensing strontium fluoride as source material
and for second generation process equipment -
(12) KtYiORDS: CHLQiUiiS; CGNTAlfcKh; CORfcObluN ; CRiTjsiilA ; FACILITY;
MABAGEMfiHT; METAL; OPKfiiTlOKS fi£S£AhCH; PttOCKSS; RADIOACTIVE; SALT-
SBPABATING; STABILIZATION; STuRAGK; KiShlftGXON ; WATEfi
(1«) HIERABCH TEKHS: IRS/^Sb; 1i«/VSCN ; ISM/^Tu
115) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS40010
(1b) bOC.CIT.: Jackson, fi. JK. Kaniord waste encapsulation:
strontium and cesium. Nuclear technology , 32 (1) : 10-15, Jan. 1977.
(1) S«IRS ACC.MO.: 040965
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATKiiOKY : 09 U) SUbJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Eister KK (10} £OB. iTEAR: 1977
(llj ABSTRACT: Radioactive trastes generated in the coemercial
nuclear power program are to i»e converted to a staitle package fora and
sent either to a Federallj operated repository or to coamercially
operated shallow land burial sites. The status of alternate
technologies to perform tnese operations has recently ceen reviewed and
published. American and Canadian »c±teriais research aud development
activities related to the co»»eicia.i package nastes cover a wide range
of waste forins and related waste trratnent tecnuologies for the various
types of radioactive wastes. At this ciae, specific projects are under
way and scheduled for conpletion to provide tne plant scale technology
required for the engineered facilities for was.te «.anageaent. Sources,
characteristics, and treatmtnt aethods of the waste generated are
discussed, as well as storage projections a-nd criteria for long tera
•anageaent .
(12) KEYM08DS: fcOfiSf; COHM fchCUAL ; DISPOSAL; £Nt,IN£KKl«IG; PKCILITI;
FBDEBAL; HANAGEM JSMT; fROCiSi.; KADlOACrlVJi; SK5KA8CH; SITES;
STABILIZATIOB; STOHAGK; TbChBOLOGK ; TRANSPORT; OSUEfiGfiOON D
(14) HZEhAfiCB 'i-EKBb: 1»V^^H
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS40009
(18) 00C.CIT-: Eister, H- K. Haterials considerations in
radioactive waste storage. Nuclear Technology, 32(1):6-», J«in. 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.UO.:
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.rYfE: G
(4) AOTH08: ftochlin Gl { 10} GEO. AitEA: 1SB/2TD (10) POo. JtiiAR :
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Technical irreversibility and site aultiplicity are
suggested as criteria for safe nuclear waste disposal. In the absence
of goals or comprehensive regulatory otandards on nuclear waste
disposal, three types of waste treatment are generally employed: (1)
short ter« disposal; (2) long ter» storage; and (J) disposal. Tecanical
irreversibility and site multiplicity are recomaended for use in
organizing nuclear waste manageient options in teras of insuring
continued isolation from the biosphere in the face of Doth social and
geological uncertainties. Haste products resulting from (the nuclear
fuel cycle are discussed, and criteria tor sate waste disposal methods
are examined. Tecnnical irreversioiii ty is defined as the degree to
wnich emplaced waste is resistant to recovery or release, eitner oy
accident or by the deliberate application of technology. Technical
irreversiuility measures resistance to both social and physical
intervention. Tabular data are provided wnich classify several waste
disposal methods according to tneir uegree oi technical
irreversibility. site multiplicity is considered to aid in ainimizing
the adverse effects o± conceptual oi design errors in tiie disposal of
nuclear waste. The application of technical irreversibility and site
multiplicity criteria to nuclear haste Management is discussed.
(12) KEYMOKDS: CRiPBHiA; bESiGN; DISPOSAL; PUBLIC; KADIOACT1VE;
BESIDOE; SAFETY; SITES; STORAGE; J'£ChSiOLO(,Y
(14) HIEfcAHCh TERMS: 1RA/2hG
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OGS3iia^
(1ti) DOC.CIT-: Rochlin, G. i. Nuclear waste disposal: two social
criteria. Science, 195 (4273) : 23-31, Jan. /, 1977.
283
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 040942
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 ( PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The proposal oi the Energy Research and Development
Administration tor the storage of high energy radioactive waste in
stable geologic locutions is reported. The proposed plan has received
the endorsement of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's independent
advisory committee on reactor safeguards. Noting that the first one or
two storage sites will retain the option to retrieve waste if anything
goes wrong, toe advisory committee feels that the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission should establish appropriate criteria for licensing and
regulating such facilities. The committee stressed the need for a
better understanding of the long term risks associated with the
disposal of high level radioactive Haste. Potential health problems
associated with the proposed storage plan, according to the advisory
committee, are primarily of a chronic low level nature and will
decrease substantially during the first few hundred years of decay. It
is recommended that, in tne development of criteria for disposal
facility licensing, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission include a
definition of the forms of Haste acceptable for storage and required
conditions of waste durability and integrity through some stated
minimum period. Consideration should also be yiven to the volume of
waste that may have to be retrieved and actions to t>e taken following
such retrieval, including contingency plans for waste storage. Toe need
for continued research on the long tern transport or transuranic
elements in geologic structures and on the uptake and retention of
radionuclides by plants and animals is emphasized.
(12) KBISORDS: ADMINISTRATION; CKiTERiA; DISPOSAL; ENtRGJ; .FEDERAL;
GEOLOGIC; HAZARDOUS; RADIOACTIVE; SAFtTI; STORAGE
(t4) HIERARCH TEKHS: IMA
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS3998fa
(18} DOC.CIT.: Nuclear waste disposal plan gets NRC okay. Cbemical
and Engineering Dews, 55(2) :6, Jan. 10, 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.VO.: 0407B9
12) COHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TXPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Straub CP (10) GEO. AREA: 18A (1U) PUB. HEAR: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: Literature pertaining to radioactive wastes is
reviewed. The U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration
lists 2, 140 references on radioactive wastes. Hearings before tiie joint
Committee on Atomic Energy summarized information on the status and
directions for handling waste materials generated by tbe nucleac power
industry to the year 2000. Treatment aspects of radioactive wastes are
dealt with as are a patented method for the adsorption or chemisorptiou
of radioactive ions, and transmutation of the long lived hazardous
radionuclides strontium 90 and cesium 137. Storage of radioactive
wastes was the subject of two investigations. The National Academy of
Sciences report reviewed three concepts for interim storage of
solidified high level radioactive wastes. Twelve articles consider the
topic of fixation. Comparative data on the various parameters affecting
radioactive waste solidification as a guide to plant designers and
operators is presented. Investigators found tue Aeroject VR 20
Radioactive Haste Management System of fluid bed calcination more
economical than conventional solidification processes. Ground disposal
of radioactive wastes was the subject of three articles while ocean
disposal was discussed in nine. Edmonson et dl have prepared a
bibliography of 570 non Russian references on marine radioecology while
a bibliography oy Lehmann contains 1->1 abstracts on ocean disposal of
wastewater, sludge, dredge daaterial, disposal of radioactive wastes,
brines, and industrial wastes, forty four articles and publications are
reviewed.
(12) KEYWORDS: BI&LiOGRAPUX; DISPOSAL; £M£RGX; FKDEBAL; HAZARDOUS;
ISOTOPE; LITERATURE; OCBAN; RADIOACTIVE; STORAGE; TREATMENT
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DW
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS39t»33
(IB) DOC.CIT.: Straub, C, P. Industrial wastes: radioactive wastes.
Journal Hater Pollution Control federation, 4t» (6) :1305-131 1, June 197&.
284
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SUBS ICC.«0.: 040763
(2) DOflESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T
(4) AUTHOR: Smith Cf (10) GEO. ABEA: 1HA/2RU (10) PUB. TEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: One of the major concerns with the continued growth
of the nuclear power industry is the production of the high level
radioactive wastes which are by products of the fission process. The
risks associated with the disposal of high level wastes derive from the
potential for release of radioactive materials into the environment.
The assessment of these risks requires a methodology tor risk analysis,
an identification of the radioactive sources, and a method by which to
express the relative hazard of the various radionuclides that comprise
the high level waste. The development of a methodology for risk
analysis is carried out after a review of previous work in the area of
probabilistic risk assessment. The methodology suggested involves the
probabilistic analysis of a general accident consequence distribution.
In this analysis, the frequency aspect of the distribution is treated
separately from the normalized probability function. In the final stage
of the analysis, the frequency and probability characteristics of the
distribution are recombined to provide an estimate of the risk. The
characterization of the radioactive source term is accomplished using
the ORIGEI computer code.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS; BOKY; COMPUTER; DISPOSAL; FUEL;
GENERATION; HAZARDOUS; ISOTOPE; MANAGEMENT; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; POHEfi;
RADIOACTIVE; TECBJiOLOGT
(14) BIERARCH TEHHS: UE
(IS) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS39827 (15) SECONDARY AOTHOhS: Kastenberg
UK
(18) DOC.CIT.: Smith, C. P. , and If. B. Kastenberg. On risk
assessment of high level radioactive waste disposal. Nuclear
Engineering and Design, 39(2-3}:293-333, Nov. /Dec. 1976.
(1) SwIBS ACC.NO.: 040758
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: De Bacci M (10) tOb. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A method of preparing liquid waste fission products
for storage is described. The method of preparation IB as follows: the
waste fission product particles are overcoated by tumbling them with a
powder mixture which includes alpha silicon carbide, carbon and a
carbonaceous thermosetting binder while a solvent is applied to make
the binder tacky; the overcoated particles are consolidated at a
temperature to thermoset the binder and form a green body; the bodies
are reaction sintered by heating, initially at a temperature to
carbonize the binder, then at a temperature to melt the silicon carbide
enclosing the waste fission products. The temperature for melting the
silicon is about 1600 C.
(12) KBXwORDS: CARBON; COATING; LIQUID; PATENT; PitOCESS;
BADIOACTIVE; SILICON; SIHTEfi; STORAGE; THERMAL
(14) HIEBABCH TEKHS: 1BA/2KH
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS39B02 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: frice MS
(18) DOC.CIT.: De Bacci, H. , and M. s. Price. (United Kingdom
Atomic Energy Authority, London). Preparation for storage of fission
products. U. S. Patent No. 3,994,b22; filed Jan. 29, 1975; issued Nov.
30, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 040600
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Bonniaud b (10) SEO. AREA: 1EO/2PE (10) POB. YEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Continuous vitrilication of nigh level radioactive
wastes in Prance taken to the industrial plant scale is discussed. The
first prototype equipment for continuous vitrification was operated for
8000 hr with various simulated fission product solutions. A second
prototype has been built particularly to demonstrate remote nandling
operations. Current developments are directed to the following areas of
importance: a study of the continuous vitrification or fission product
solutions from the reprocessing of PBR; the examination of the
feasibility of continuous denitration prior to vitrification and the
285
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
effect ot this treatment upon the operation ot the caiciner; increasing
the throughput of the caiciner by increasing the How rate and
continuously concentrating prior to calcination; furnace capacity; the
effect of high heat to the centerlines of the furnace blocks; and the
effects of thermal shocks occuring in the glass during external
decontamination of the container. Plant operation conditions are
described.
(12) KBIHOROS: E0ROPE; FKAUCB; FUKMACE; GLASS; faEAf; OPERATIONS
RESEARCH; PLAHT-IBDUSTHIAL; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; SAFETY
(14) HIERABCH TEkBS; 1RA/2BS
(15) STIHS ACC.BO.: OOS39644
(18) DOC.CIT-: Bonniaud, H. Continuous vitrification in France
takes to industrial plant scale. Nuclear Engineering international,
21(250) :67-69, MOV. 1876.
(1) S«IRS ACC.MO.: 04057«
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CAT3S60KX: 0» (2) SOBJ.TIPE: T
(4) AUTHOR: Bucnell LR (10) GEu. AREA: lKA/2Kt; (10) PUB.. YEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: High level radioactive wastes are encapsulated in
vitreous carbon for longter* storage. The wastes are mixed as finely
divided solids vith a suitable resin, foraed into an appropriate shape
and cured. The cured resin is carbonized l»y heating under a vacuu* to
for* vitreous carbon. The vitreous carbon shapes, aay i*e further
protected for storage by encaseaeat in a canister containing a low
•elting temperature matrix oaterial sues as alumiuusi to increase inpact
resistance and improve heat dissipation.
(12) KEYHORDS: DISPOSAL; UA2.AfcDOUi>; METAL; NON-FKKROUS; PATENT;
PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; RESIH; STORAGE; TR^ATMEHT
(It) H1ERAHCB TE8HS: 1SH/2TC
(IS) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS39622 (15) SBCONUAKY AUTHORS: bates JL
(18) DOC.CIT.: Bunnell, L. h. , and J. L. Bates. Bethod ot
encapsulating solid radioactive waste aaterial foe storage. U. S.
Patent Mo. 3,993,579; filed Oct. 22, 1*75; issued Nov. 23, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO,: 040601
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: oi» (2j SUBJ.TXPE: s
t<») AUTHOK: Corbet A (10) GEO. ABEA: 1EO/2FK; t£D/2DK (1
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
has been analyzed in this study. The changes, occuring during the
thermal treatment with glassy materials, i. e. drying, transformation
processes, sintering, melting, etc. , have been followed using
emanation (radon) tnernal analysis (t-fA) . The method of ETA gives
information useful in the evaluation of a suitable fixation system and
process. The combination of eifects ot sintering, reaction product gas
release, and related phenomena, can 0e studied. The "closing" and
"opening* of the solid state structure is of considerable importance in
optimizing the process of solidification of highly active nuclear
wastes. Six figures and a table illustrate the rq>ort.
(12) KETBORDS: ANALIS1S; DISl'OSAL; HAiJVKDOUS; RAIUUACTIUE;
BBSEARCH; SINTER; SOLID; THERMAL
(14) HIEfiABCH TEEMS: 1RA/2RG
(15) ST1MS ACC.HO.: OGS39445 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Kouriffl V;
Plasil F
(18) DOC.CIT.: vojtecn, 0. , f. Plasil, and V. Sourim. The use of
emanation thermal analysis lor the investigation of radioactive waste
fixation processes. Journal of Rddioaualytical Chemistry, 30:583-592,
1976.
(1) SSIHS ACC.SO.: 040386
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOHI; 04 U) SOBJ.I7.PE: S
(4) AUTHOR: Lewis Jti (10) G£O. AREA: 1EO/2UK (tO) PQtt. IEAR:
1976
(11) ABSTRACT: the problems ot treating and disposing ol small
a Mounts of radioactive wastes from nuclear power projects are
discussed. The major source of radioactive Hastes is the mel element
reprocessing plant. Here the fuel is decauned and dissolved in nitric
acid so that the uranium can fie recovered and, together with the
Plutonium that has been formed, separated froi the fission products.
High, nedium, and low activity efflueuts are produced and each stream
•ust be treated appropriately. Alternative systems for disposal and
storage of liquids and solids are described and the relative direct and
total waste management costs of each are estimated. Nuclear
transmutation and various longrange problems relative to particular
types of radioactive wates are discussed.
(12) KEXBORDS: DISPOSAL; KNVIROIiWKNT; EXPOSURE; FUEL; GASSES; G8EAT
BRITAIN; HAZARDOUS; ISOTOPE; i.igUID; PARTICIPATE HATTER; PROBLEMS;
RADIATION; KADIOACT1VE; SOLID; STORAGE; WASTE MATER
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1KA/2Rt>
(15) STIHS ACC.NO-: OOS39430
(18) DOC.CIT.: Lewis, J. B. Kadioactive wastes and nuclear power:
methods of treatment. Physics in Technology, 7(2):77-b4, Bar. 1976.
(1) SilRS ACC.NO.: 0403B5
(2) DOMESTIC: D (.2) CATEUORX: 09 (2) SUBJ.TIPE: S
(4) AOTHOB: Cohen BJ. (10) PUb. ItAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: 1-he potential hazards of the high level waste
produced in one year froa all nuclear fuel reprocessing plants in the
United States are calculated os a function of time lor direct gamma
radiation, inhalation, and ingestion, and scales are given ror
consequences of tne worst credible handling, the probability tor Buried
waste to be released into the environaent by i»everal pathways is
estimated, and several factors ot related interest are discussed. It is
concluded that" the potential hazards in these wastes are not
inordinately large in conparison with those of other hazardous
materials used in our society, such ay arsenic, bariua, copper,
chlorine, ammonia, hytirogen cyanide, etc. The requirement for caeap,
abundant energy is stressed. Four figures and two taules accompany the
report.
(12) KEYWORDS: AHBONIA; CHLORINE; EFFtCT; EtfVlRONfliiBT; GEOLOGIC;
GBOOND SATEh; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; ^ON; ION EXCHASGE; IbOPOPE; LEACH;
PARTICOL1TE MATTER; RADIATION; RAD10ACT1KK; UNDERGROUND
(14) BIERARCH TERMS: 1RA/2RG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS39429
(18) DOC.CIT.: Cohen, B. L. Environmental impacts ot high level
radioactive waste disposal. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,
23{1J:56-59, Feb. 1976.
287
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(IX SHIRS ACC.WO.: 039862
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CAii'uoRY: 09 (2) SUfcj.TYPE: s n<>) PUB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The vacuum freeze distillation method was
successfully applied to the preparation ot radiocneaiically pure water
saaples used for deteraining the tritiua concentration in highly
radioactive liquid waste produced in nuclear iuel reprocessing. This
•ethod yielded a decontamination factor exceeding 1 aillion for
radiorutheniun and other long lived fission products. The isotope
effect on the tritium concentration was corrected by applying an
enrichment factor deterained iroa ex^eriacnt. A snail portion of the
high level liquid waste solution was taken from the Reprocessing Plant
of tne Japan Atomic Energy Research institute, neutralised *ith 2
noraal sodiua hydroxide,, and subjected to tae vacuua freeze
distillation. The distillate was subsequently analyzed tor tritiua by
liquid scintillation counting, the tritiun concentration in the waste
solution was found to be ctpproxiaaely 0. 13 aicrocuries per ailliliters
which corresponded to about 70 percent of the total tritiua contained
in the original spent fuel rods.
(12) KtlHORDS: CHEMICAL; COSCJSNTftA'ilON; DISTILLATION; EFFECT;
FREfcZIHG; i)APAN; MEASUREMENTS; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; hESEARCH; VACOOfl;
WATER
STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS3890t>
i/OC.CIT.: Tachimori, S. Determination of tritiua concentration
in fuel reprocessing liquid waste by vacuum freeze distillation.
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 13 (6) :442-««4a, Aug. 197b.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 0397*1
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUoJ.TYPE: X (10) PUB.
YBAtt: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: flethods ana apparatus for disposing of radioactive
waste liquids by solidifying the liouids into hardened lasses suitable
for disposal by burying are described. Disposal of at least partially
radioactive waste aateriai is accoaplished by intermixing the waste
with a liquid containing a jelling agent consisting of an aqueous
suspension of partially polyaerized urea foraaldehyde and a curing
agent to fora a free standing Hardened Bass. The operator ot the
apparatus can without exposure to the adaixed aass of waste accurately
determine when the Bass is rully soiiditied. The aixture is then placed
in a container, monitored for the appropriate tiae to add a curing
agent alter which the aixture is retained until hardening is coaplele
and a surface free of waste water is achieved. The container and its
solidified aixture Bay then ce curied tor disposal. The waste Material
includes reactor evaporator bottoas.
(12J KEIHORDS: BUM; COATIKG; DISPOSAL; HAZARDOUS; LIQUIi); PATENT;
POLYMER; RADIOACTIVE; SOLID
(15) bTIBS ACC.NO.: OOS38835
(1b) DOC.CIf.: Gaulin, K. (Kuclear Engineering Loapany, Inc. ).
Methods of disposing of radioactive waste. U. S. Patent No. 3,<»db,977,
filed Feb. 3, 19/b; issued Oct. 1», 1976.
(1) SBIRS ACC.NO.: 039703
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ .ntti: 3 (10) PUB.
YKAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The chances of radioactive wastes iroa nuci€!cir power
stations being ingested uy j.eopie and caut-ing cancer deaths ar€! put
into perspective with detailed nuneiicai. estimates. Tne parameters of
the study are defined togetner with tne metnou used to neasure dosages.
A graph displays the ingestion Hazard. A coaparison aa aade between tne
potency of arsenic and the careless way it is handled and the care that
is taken with radioactive waste. An idea that has received much
attention is incorporating the haste icto pyrex glass. Geographical
location of disposal sites has received much attention as has tne
possiuility ot leaching by groundwater. Human intrusion could also
occur, aainly tiirouya drilling the tait in wnich wastes have oeen
buried. The unlikelihood uf botn tnese occurences is explained.. The
probability of cancer deaths is calculated anu. displayed in a
283
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
supporting graph. Care would be needed initially, for about 600 years,
in Hatching waste repositories, but the burden is small and distant
progeny would be more likely to regret present squandering of
hydrocarbons than to notice the tiny increase in radioactivity in their
environment.
(12) KEJiORDS: DISEASE; DISPOSAL; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHIC GLASS;
GROUND WATER; HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; HYDROCARBON; LJiACH; POiiEB;
HADIOACTIVE; SALT; TOXIC
(15) SUBS JICC.HO.: OOS38747
(IS) DOC.CIT.: Cohen, B. L. Storing radioactive wastes need not be
a problem. Nuclear Engineering international, 21(2U*):3a-41, Oct. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039675
(2) DOMESTIC: t (2) CATEGORIC 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
SEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Computerization ot the radioactive ship»ent records
(RSR) system for the Haxey Flats low level nuclear waste burial site
near Borehead, Kentucky is discussed. In 1972, the Kentucky
Radiological health Department initiated a project to transfer the
information contained on RSR onto magnetic computer tape. Data
transferred daring the project comprised nearly 200,000 computer cards
containing information on the burial period from 19b3 to 1972. Each of
•the records on the computer tape contained up to /5 pieces of
information. Information items used for determining tne Haxey flats
inventory were the burial data, buriai location, isotope buried,
activity of the buried isotope, volume of waste material burned, and
sometimes a footnote number for messages that could not be included in
the record. The correction of mistakes in computer records is
described, and the waste inventory of the site, as provided in records,
is calculated. The inventory is examined according to several
classifications: activity for the site and burial pits, accumulated
activity by isotope, and waste volume. Comparisons are made with other
methods of inventory accounting. It is shown that existing records are
not completely reliable. Possible reasons for mismatching are
postulated,
(12) KfilMOflOS: BUfiX; CLASSIFICATION; COMPUTER; DATA; KENTUCKY;
MONITOR; RADIOACTIVE; SITES; TRANSPORT
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS38659
(18) DOC.CIT.: Gat, U. , J. D. Thomas, and D. T. Clark. Radioactive
waste inventory at the Maxey Flats nuclear waste burial site. Health
Physics, 30 (3) :2ai-269, ttar. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0394S8
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKJ: 0* (2) SUbJ.TYVE: S; T (10) FOB.
IEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A patented process for toe safe disposal, handling,
and storage of radioactive waste is detailed. The invention relates to
the disposal of radioactive waste associated with nuciear power
production processes. It is shown that the addition of alkali or
alkaline earth silicate to radioactive waste cementing material mixture
produces a number of advantages over other radioactive waste disposal
processes. These include direct solidification of all common nuclear
power industry radioactive waste, including boric acid solutions; rapid
hardening to a gel in less than 2 minutes, eliminating requirements for
continuous mixing to insure homogeneity; solidirication oi maximum
hardness in less than 7 days, coaparea to 26 days for cement alone
without the alkali silicate additive; increased water retention over
nonsilicated processes due to the higo capacity of silicates tor water
fixation by hydration; production of more fluid mixes, causing ready
adaptability to batch or continuous processing of radioactive waste;
and minimum operator training and control required to obtain solidiiied
283
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
waste in a form suitable tor safe handling and shipment. Procedures
used in the invention for processing radioactive waste are detailed.
(12) KEYBOBDS: ALKALINE; BATCH; CONCRETE; CONTINUOUS; DISPOSAL;
£ARTH; PATEII; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; SAFETI; SILICON; SOLID; STORAGE;
TREAT (IE NT
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS38502
(18) DOC.CIT.: Curtiss, D. H. , and H. w, Heacocfc. (United Suclear
Industries, Inc. ). Radwaste disposal by incorporation in Matrix. U. S.
Patent No. 3,988,258; filed Jan. 17, 1975; issued Oct. 26, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.ItO.: 039421
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TXPE: T (10) PUB.
xBABl 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A report is presented on the international symposium
on management of radioactive wastes fro* the nuclear fuel cycle (March
1976, Vienna, Austria). The symposium was sponsored by the
International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Energy Agency of
OfcCD (Organization of European Community Development). A major topic of
interest at the symposium was technology for the reduction and
incorporation of high level radioactive liquid waste, containing
essentially all of the radionuclides produced from the use of nuclear
power, into solid forms for safe interim storage and eventual disposal.
These solid products were characterized and evaluated as to their
suitability and long term stability. Presentations also indicated that
•any countries now are examining the possibilities of disposing of the
solidified, high level waste products and the longer life plutonium
(alpha) contaminated waste into suitable geological formations. Papers
abstracted in this report covered the following topics: and planning,
removal of gaseous radionuclides, treatment of low level waste,
treatment of hulls and solvent, solidication of high level waste,
evaluation of solidified high level waste products, conditioning medium
level waste, management of alpha bearing waste, geologic disposal, sea
disposal, and radioactive waste burial.
(12) KEYHORDS: AUSTRIA; 6BRY; CONFERENCE; DISPOSAL; EtfEKGX;
GEOLOGIC; INTERNATIONAL; MANAGEMENT; OCEAN; PLANNING; RADIOACTIVE;
STORAGE; TREATMENT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS38465
(18) DOC.CIT.: Lennemann, H. Management of radioactive nast«;S from
the nuclear fuel cycle, report on the International Symposium held in
Vienna from March 22 to 26, 1976. Atomic Energy Review, 14 (2):421-429,
June 1976.
(1) SUIRS ACC.NO.: 039417
(2) DOHESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TTPB: S (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: bacteria of the genus fhiobacillus and Ferrobacillus
have been discovered in leachate from numerous ore mines. The effect of
these bacteria on the leaching of waste uranium materials from which 70
to bO percent of uranium was previously removed by classical chemical
hydrometallurgical procedure has been investigated. The bacteria, used
are found in the ore and the mine water of ZletovsJca River locality,
Jugoslavia. Parameters of bilogical leaching were examined in tue
laboratory. Conditions were changed Mith the aim of increasing the
amount of uranium leached. The effect or pyrite added to the waste
materials before the beginning of leaching has also been studied.
Uranium leaching is directly proportional to the composition and number
of ferrobacteria and thiobacteria, and increased by almost twice the
value obtained from the same starting materials without using bacteria.
(12) KEYWORDS: BACTERIA; CHEMICAL; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; LEACH;
MICROORGANISM; MINE; RADIOACTIVE; YUGOSLAVIA
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS38461
(18) UOC.CIT.: Barbie, F. F. , D. M. jiracilovic and fi. ¥.
Kajincanic. Bacterial leaching ot waste uranium materials. Zeitschrift
fuer Allgeneine HiXrobiologie, 16 (3):179-186, 1976.
290
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SW.IRS ACC.tfO.: 030970
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAT£^OfaS: u» (2) SUhJ.Titi: S; r (10) PUb .
YBAKi 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The magnitude and uatuie of the radioactive waste
proolem are discussed. Kadioactive waste is a necessary bypioduct
associated with the deration oi nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactors are
operated for the production oi electric energy, propuo.sj.ou ot snips,
production o£ nuclear weapons ana otner special nuclear Materials, and
research and; testing. Many types oi radioactive waste originate as
solutions, so»etises very dilute, ana tney all contain saterials otner
than radioactive isotopes tneasej.vei>. « hile «ost laoiuactivt. waste is
at one tiae in the torn ot solutions or diurri.es, it is a steadily
increasing trend and in sone cases a legal requirement to convert sucu
waste to a solid fora. The overall management or radioactive waste is
reviewed, with esnpftasis on tur» soj.iUiiicat.ion and storage or disposal
of solidified waste. Consideration is given to fi&siou and activation
proaucts, fissionable material, con tan nation, nuclear tuei reprocessing
and types of waste generated, interi* storage ol liquid waste,
solidification aria treatment of iuw Itvel waste, solidification of ttigh
level waste, storage of solidifieu radioactive waste. Federal
repository for high level waste, and future i aprovemeiits in t.ie
disposal ot radioactive waste.
(12) KEYWORDS: bY-PROvUCI'; MANAfiKthHI; KADIOACTlVr); SfOtsAbE
(tb) STlflS ACC.Nu.; OOSjyOlt
(18) DOC.Cir.: Buocnam, J. A. aanugement of radioactive wastes. In
tlanteil, C. L. , ed. jolia hastes; origin, Collection, Processing, and
Disposal. New rorK, John mley aj.d iions, Iy75. p.
(1} SMIRS ACC.MO.:
12) 0UWESTIC: F U) CATKUOHY: Oj (2) SUtiJ-IYPK: T I1C>) PUB.
1*76
(11) A&ST8ACT: hadioactive wastes irora nuclear power plants is
stored in rock slat toriationt sale tioa ieacaate. A new disposal
system designed uy Steag-Kej.n energie company is described based on the
conditioning and soliuification 01 radioactive wastes in mobile units
operating at tne nucieai power luciiity. I'he couditioitine consists of
treatment that prevents leaching. A picture or tht "Faua* mobile unit
for conditioning rauioactivt Bastes is given. It was put in operation
in Novenoer 197S. It weighs 20 tons aud may l>e aoved by a tiucK. During
3 aiontha the unit processed aad solidified bu cubic meters oi mediuai
active resins froa Gunareaniiingeu nucj.ear power plant aim transported
then to tie salt nines of Asse. (Text in uerman)
(tij KEXxOKDS: CONTROL; U^iiFOiiAL; E^UiPMEMT; ^ikHANK; LKACS;
MUVABLE; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE
(IS) STlfiS ACC.HO.: uOS37b?0
(1b) JOC.CII1.: iiaatz, H. aehaudluny von raiiiOak tiven ablaellen aus
KernKraf twerken tuer die Eriuidgei ung. (Treatiiiy radiouctive waste from
nuclear power plants for teisunal disposal- ) Atoa untt
22 (4) :103-104, July/Aug. 1^V(>.
(1) SHlRS ACC.SO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: P i2) CA J'EbOftY : uy U) SUfcJ.J'Kfi,: T (10) PUB.
TEAK: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The researcft and Uevtlopjient projects 101
reprocessing of nuclear power wastes, at tne ivdrxsruce society ror
Nuclear Kesearca are evaiuatea, especially irom tne Viewpoint of
safety. The designing stage concern^, itself with the construction and
future operation of a large scale reprocessing plant tor water reactor
fuel. The planning stage is ai> ~;ood a*, coiopieted, out tneie are still
• any gaps in the safety aojiaiu, ci>ptcially in tue training of personnel
that would have tue necessary experience to uuiid and run a large scale
reprocessing plant foi nuclear wastes, tor a 1,500 ton per year plant,
there would oe over 50,000 cubic meters or waste yielding (upon
29.1
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
reprocessing, concentration ana soliuification) a^ove 4,uUO cubic
•eters of disposable Haste, (text in German)
(12) KBYBORDS: DESIGN; DISPOSAL; GBBSANi; PLASNISu;
PLANT-I»DOSTR1AL; POUEB; HAuIOACXlWtl; B£SLAfiCu; SAFEtY
(li) STlJlS ACC.NO.: OOS37627
(18) DOC.C1T.: Koch, G. flat den keg zur sicheren wieueraufbereitung
(Towards a safe reprocessing ot nuclear wastes, j
Atomwirtschaf t-Atoatechuik, 21 (6) :314-3 ID, Juiie 197o.
it) SWIRS ACC.MO.: 036716
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAl'EliOhl: 09 U) SUBJ.TYtE: S; 1' (10) PUo.
1976
(11} ABSTRACT: A aetaod for recovering cesium (Cs} and palladium
(Pd] values from nuclear reactor lission product waste is described.
The aethod requires no pH atQustmeiit ana permits nitric aciu recycle.
Under oxidizing conditions, Cs and Pd are recovered from nitric acid
fission product solution as an insoiui/le precipitate after contact with
a chloriae source. 1'he source can be a soluble cnloride or other
coipound which yields chloride ions in solution. The precipitate is
predominantly a combination ot Cs, F-a and chlorine. The oxidizing step
is carried out electrolytically. After recovering the precipitate,
Cs2PdClb, contacting of the fission product waste solution with a
source of nonradioactive Cs ions to cause the precipitation ot
additional Cs2PdCl6 and the recovery of tne additional precipitate is
detailed.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHLOKIUE; OXIDATION; PATENT; PhfcCli-li'ATE;
BADZOACTITE; SEPARATlttG
(15) S'i'lHS ACC.NO.: OOS37/60
(18) DOC.CIT.: Campbell, i>. (U. S. iinergy Hesearca and Development
Adainistration). Recovery of cesium and palladium fro* nuclear reactor
fuel processing waste. U. S. Patent No, 3,979(49o; riled Aug. 6,
issued Sept. 7, 1976.
(1) S¥1HS ACC.MO.: 03B672
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CAI'EGORX: 09 (/) SUBJ.TIPE: X (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Delegates to the International Sy«posiu» on the
Hdnagement of Hastes £ro» the LWK (li^ht water reactor) Fuel Cycle
(Denver, July 1976) discussed the procleaa of radioactive waste
disposal and the need for international standards. United States Energy
Research and Development Administration director H. C. seamens said
that LHB offers tne only plausible route towards energy independence.
In Europe, a 15 country association (.Poratoa) is investigating proclems
of nuclear waste disposal. SpoKesaien ror Great Britain and hest Germany
gave accounts of the extent o± their country's comaitnent to nuclear
power and tae problems ot waste disposal. Tne necessity of coordinating
international cooperation in nuclear matters was underlined and an
informal organization was arranged at the Symposium. The International
Atoaic energy Agency (IAEA) is already involved in aspects ot waste
disposal; it considers the problem or enforcement ot disposal standards
more important than their devising, iu 19u5, the U. S. government
expects to begin operation of the first national site tor permanent
disposal of high level wastes. Projected nuclear industries will
produce 11 kinds of nuclear wastes whicfc must either i>e disposed of or
recycled. Disposal of high level waste is causing »ucn puolic concern.
Disposal of phased out reactor or reprocessing plants is also
discussed.
(t2) KKXWORDS: COSFEfiiiNCE; DISPOSAL; KNERril; EUfaOtE; FRANCE;'
SERHASY; SBEAT BRITAIN; INTER KATlONAi.; RADIOACTIVE; REGULATIONS;
SAFETY; STANDARD
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS37716
(18) DOC.ClT.i Experts mull over radioactive wa&te aisposal.
Chemical ana Engineering Mews, 54 (320) :21-23, Aug. 2, 197t>.
292
-------
KADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 03U598
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (<>) SUBJ.TYPi: I 110) FOB.
IBlHi 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Different national approaches to the disposal of
nuclear waste are examined. It is estimated that the disposal oi
nuclear Haste by deep burial in stable rock formations will require 10
years of development die. A pilot plant disposal facility located in
Belgium is noted. The site, an underground cavity, is scheduled to be
ready for operation by 1979. In terms of French policies on nuclear
waste disposal, one issue being debated is whether to separate fission
products from actinides. It appears to be almost certain that France
will bury its waste in deep formation^ of rock salt or crystalline
rock. The target year for the first repository is 19bi>. in Italy, the
results of tests in impervious clay deposits are promising. A
processing pilot plant is scheduled tor mid 1980. The first
reprocessing plant in Spain is scheduled nor the late 1980*s, and it is
hoped that the first waste depository Hill ue ready by 1990. Spain is
considering the use of abandoned uranium mines, salt domes, and
anhydrite deposits for nuclear waste disposal. The most likely
possiblity for nuclear waste disposal in Sweden involves burial in
bedrock.
(12) KEYWORDS: BUHY; DISPOSAL; PliANCE; 1TAL1; MANAGEMENT;
BADIO ACTIVE; SUES; SKA IN; UHDERGSOOND
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS37642
(18) DOC.C1T-: Technology; sites sought fur nuclear waste disposal.
Chemical ana Engineering Mews, S4(33):23, Aug. 9, 197t>.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 038491
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: (it (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The treatment of highly radioactive wastes consists
of converting the liquid solutions into a solid stable product. The
volume is decreased tenfold, so that a 1,000 Megawatt reactor produces
annually about 2 to 2. 5 cubic meters of solid waste. In rfest Germany,
there are three processes for solidifying highly active solutions. The
ultimate objective is to build a centralized solidification facility
for reprocessing radioactive waste with an annual capacity of 1,500
tons. The immediate objective is a pilot plant at tne Karlsruhe
reprocessing facilities. Solidified products are basically sate even if
geological conditions may turn unfavorable, fcorosilicate glass aay
offer an additional margin of safety. In Europe, the total volune ot
fission product concentrate from water reactor fuel reprocessing
facilities is presently arounu 100 cubic neters; therefrom about 30 en
m come from the Karlsrube plant. Additional 2,000 cu m come from fuels
of gas cooled reactors. A Foratom (foiua Atomique European) study,
presently in print, foresees a production of 9,000 en m oi concentrate
from water reactor fuels by 1985. (Text in German)
(12) KEYWORDS: CAtACli'Y; DISPOSAL; EUjtOPE; GEkMANJt; RADIOACTIVE;
SAFETY; SOLID; STABILIZATION; VOLUHfc
(15) SUMS ACC.MO.: OGS375JS
(18) DOC.CIT.: bokelund, d. , E. fewest, and H. L. Levi. behandlung
hochradioaktiver Abfaelle. (Treatment of nigniy radioactive waste. )
Atomwirtschaf t-A torn tech ink, 21 (7) : 352-3 57, July 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.HO.: 03BH90
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGOH1: Oa (2) SUbJ.TltE: T (10) PUB.
1C BAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The largest volume or radioactive waste belongs to
the medium and weakly radioactive classes. In these groups waste water
represents the largest bulk. Vaporization is recognized as the most
effective process for decontaminating low and medium radioactive waste
waters, watery concentrates are consolidated to chemically and
physically stable products, thus further reducing the volume. Organic
liquid and solid wastes are equally reduced in voiume by additional
treatment. Methods of treatment are constantly undergoing improvements.
A diagram shows the nuclear fuel cycle from uranium ore mining and
primary enrichment through conversion plant (to convert tne concentrate
to uranium hexafluoride), to the main concentration plant, to fuel
element production, to nuclear power plant, to reprocessing ot
293
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
irradiated fuel material, and finally to waste disposal. Another
diagraa shows the process or treatment of low and medium active waste
waters iron various nuclear installations {uranium ore dressing, fuel
eleaeiit production, power plant, reprocessing, isotope plant) tarough
the vaporization and distillation stages to tne concentrate production
and finally (after being solidified in ceaent or iiituaen) to disposal
places (salt Bines) . A detailed diagraa is given of the radioactive
vaste water treatment plant in the nuclear research center in
Karlsruhe. Solidification an ceneut and bitusien is cilso snown in two
diagrams . Noncoebus tible wastes (filters, glass, etc. ) are reduced in
voluee (1:3 to 1:7); in Karlsruhe, tor tne last 12 years, about 1500 cu
• of such wastes were reduced. They are stored in 200 liter carrels and
sealed with concrete. (Text in German)
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; EV APOKA1ION ; GiKHANY; PHYSICAL;
PLANT-IBDOSTRIAi.; RADIOACTIVE; STABILIZATION; SIOhAGi;; I1 R£ AT Mi: Si'; HASTE
HATER
(15) STHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ7534
(18) DOC.CIT.: iiaehr, U . , ana * . Hild. .behafcdiung schwach- und
•ittelaktiver Ablaelle aus Kerntechnischen Aniayen. (Treatment of weak
and aediuai radioactive waste from nuciear installations. )
Atoavirtschaf t-Atomtechnik, 21 (7) :34t>-3;>2, July
(1) SH1BS ACC.BO.:
(2) DOBEST1C: ? (2) CATEGOKK: OS (2) SUbJ.TYi'E: o (10) PUB.
IBAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: rhe govern*eut of *est Gereany has developed a
disposal systei for waste aaterials from water reactors. The systen
should be centralized and should Le fully operational cy «id 1960ls.
live syste« involves the following aspects of disposal: reprocessing,
fissionable fuel recycling, waste treataent, and waste disposal.
Everything should be ready so as to meet the needs of S>0,000 Megawatt
nuclear power capacity around 19»i>. Medj.ua and weak radioactive wastes
should be properly processed and disposed of in designated places, in
which the reprocessing takes place. Higoiy radioactive waste must be
stored in a consolidated fora. The final disposal of suca material
becomes the responsibility of the German Federal yovernaent. Tae
disposal technology should be teateu in tne rorner salt sine o.E Asse.
All research and develop»ent projects 111 the dosain of radioactive
wastes should be carried out within tne irdnevortc ot international
cooperation. The final disposal of highly radioactive waste should be
contemplated only after ail the tests at the pilot disposal grounds at
Asse are completed. For the tine ueiny the low volusie of solid! tied
highly radioactive waste (approximately 100 to 150 cu a per year)
creates no environsental hazards. (Text in Geraan)
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; tiEJSMANj; PLArtNIMU; KADxOACl'lVB; SYSTEM
(1f>> STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS374455
Jib) DOC.CIT.: fiageii, M. , and fa. P. handi. Hadioaktive Aofaelle:
Arten und Hengen, Behandlun^, Lageruny. (nadiodctive wastes: types,
voluaies, treatment, disposal. ) Atomwartschaf t— Atoutechnik,
21(7) :338-J40, July 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOHESTiC: F (2) CATttiOKY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TY.fE: 1 (10) PJB.
YEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The share of individual ty^es of waste in the total
amount of radioactive activity varit-s witnin a wide range, since over
9S percent of radioactive nuclides is available in a highly active
liquid form; these liquid wastes result from reprocessing of irradiated
nuclear fuels. From a 1500 ton/yr reprocessing plant, capable ot
servicing 40 nuclear power plants, an annual output averages 1,uOQ cu a
oi such liquid waste; the latter is reprocessed and solidified,, thus
reducing its volume. The largest £.hare by vo.Luue falls on priaary waste
products with weak, radioactivity. A table is given showing the voluae
(in cu «/yr) of wastes coning fron a IbOO ton reprocessing plant:
highly radioactive liquid fission products average 1,000; fuel eleaent
cartridges average B50; nediuu to active conct-ntrulet; average 1, 000;
weakly or Bediue active solid waste average S,000; licuid alpna
294
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
concentrates average 300; solid alpha waste averages ^00. The wastes
fro* fuel eleaent preparation (at a 1500 ton reprocessing plant) t
nonconbustible solid waste at 100; combustible solid waste at 2,000;
liquid waste at 500. Total anount ot was>te: 9,250 (with a total
plutoniun content, in kg/year, 300; and a total alpha activity, in
curie/year, 17,jOO,000). In 1975, taere were in operation in. West
Gernany: 10 nuclear power plants, a 35 ton per year prototype
reprocessing plant, a uranium processing plant, five mei elenent
producing plants, a snail isotope producing plant, and five larger
state and industrial nuclear research establishments. Tne total amount
of waste from all these facilities (in 1975) «as 2500 cu • liquid
concentrate, A official haa stated that the
deep continental geologic foraiations i.etnod appears most reasonanie
because such formations oifer the bett po&simlity of isolating
295
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
radioactive waste from tne biosphere for the guarter of o Billion years
needed for the latter to .become innocuous.
(12} KilYKORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; flAHAGEMiUiT; RADIOACTIVE;
THEATMEST
(15) STIBS ACC.HO.: OOS37<458
(18) DOC.CIT.: nuclear waste: soul searching. New Scientist,
71 (102) :2ba-2fa&. Aug. 5, 1976.
(1) SUBS ACC.NO.: 03o4l2
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUaj.TSPB: S (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The problems of transforming highly radioactive
fission product solutions from reprocessed fuel elements into a form
suitable for final deposit are described. As storage in liquid form
cannot be considered as optimum, a solidification of radioactive
residue is suggested. Criteria are given for tJie selection of suitable
final products. Vitrification, the incorporation of tne fission
products in glass, is generally suggested as the best method. Tne
development as well as various vitrification processes are described.
Chemical and technological problems affiliated with tne vitrirication
and manufacture of monolithic glass bjoclcs are pointed out and
alternative processes are described and compared.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; GMHANY; GLASS; PAOCESS; RADIOACTIVE;
SOLID; STORAGE; TBChHOLOGlf
(ti>) STIfiS ACC.NO.: OOS37<*M>
(Itt) DuC.ClT.: Ueiierl, «i. , P. tirziwa, aad DJ. van lieel. Chemical
and technological aspects of the vitrification of hiya level
radioactive Hastes. KerntechniK, Iti (bj : 272-277, June 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: G3J»2ob
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: u* (2) SUBJ.TY1>E: S (10| PUB.
YJSA8: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A new and improved procedure was developed for
determining leachabilities of proposed radioactive vaste forns. Finely
divided glass samples arc leached in slowing ueionizeti water; leached
ions are continuously sotbed on ion exchange resins to control ionic
quality, sorbed ions are eluted froa the resia columns for atoaic
absorption analyses, teachabilities measured by this procedure are
lower and more consistent than tnose made in stagnant water without
continuous ionic control. It is concluded that large variations in
leachabilities can be averted by using ion exchange resins to sorb
leached ions from solutions, benefits of the improved procedure are
discussed, as well as time: leachabxlity relationships and mathematical
data.
(12) KEYWORDS: AbSOBPflUti ; GLASS; ION; LEACh; M£ASUH£fl£lirS;
PROCESS; KADIOACTJ.VE; B£i,lN; STVkAGE; TBChSOLOGY
(15) STiaS ACC.NO.: OOS37310
(til) DOC.CIT.: fteily, J. A. , and B. A. Wallace. Procedure for
determining leachabilities at radioactive waste forms. Nuclear
Technology, 30 (1j :47-i»1, July 1976.
(1) SKIRS ACC.NO.: 03«217
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUaJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAft: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: One 01 tne major environaeutal concerns associated
with the projected increase in nuclear power generation is the
treatment and storage of disposal oi high level and transurauic
radioactive waste. 1'he model, entitieu AaRA* (Assessment Method for
Radioactive Haste Management) was developed by tne university or New
Mexico, and provides a detailed assessment methodology tor the short
tern as well as long term quantitative effects on the environment
resulting from the release of radionuclidts daring all phases of
radioactive waste management, operations. This model includes a fault
tree tor deteriinotion of release probabilities and tneir resultant
magnitudes, an environmental model for calculating transport of
radionuclides to man by environmental patfitrayti and an economic model
296
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
for an evaluation oi associated damages. It ii> expected that full
impleaentation of this technology assessment model will aid tae U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency and others in evaluating the
radioactive high level and transuranic waste management programs.
(12) KEYWORDS: KBVIROKMEN T; ISOTOPE; MANAGEMENT; RADIOACTIVE;
SIMULATION; STORAGE; TRANSPORT; TkEATHENl'; UHlVERSI'J'r
(15) STIMS ACC.MO.: OOSJ7261
(1b) DOC.CII.: Lotjan, s. E- , and S. H. Goldberg. A radioactive
waste management assessment aodel. in Ott, N. R. , o. Albrecht, and B.
Clark, eds. Proceedings; the Conference on invironnental Modeling and
Simulation, Cincinnati, Oh, Apr. 19-22, 1976. Environmental Protection
Publication EPA-600/9-76-016. Washington, 0. :>. Environmental
Protection Agency, July 1976. p. 199-Z03.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 03&216
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGOBlf: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; I (10) PUB.
XKAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A mathematical model has been developed to predict
radionuclide levels in the Great Lakes due to nuclear power generation
in the United States and Canada. The calculations have keen used to
verify the feasibility of proposed international water quality
objectives lor radioactivity in the Lanes. Dose rates and doses to
reference Ban froa the ingestion of Lake waters are predicted based on
expected future power generation in this region. The liquid effluents
discharged into the Great Lakes rrom nuclear power plants and other
nuclear facilities, such as fuel reprocessing plants, are of particular
interest in this regard since some oi the entrained rudionuclides have
relatively long half lives. Results are given in terms of rauionuclide
concentrations in each lake and the dose rates and doses ensuing from
continuous, long tern ingestion or system waters. Kith the model
described, it is possible to obtain analytical solutions for the
coupled differential equations describing these quantities as a
function of time. However, a FORTRAN computer program has been employed
to reduce the calculational effort required.
(12) KEIiORDS: CANADA; COttPUTKR; ISOXuPE; MATHEMATICAL HOUEL;
PROJECTION; QUALITY; uADlOACTlVE; TkANSPOKT; OS; HATER; WATEHWAI
(15) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOSJ7i:60
(18) DOC.CIT-: Sullivan, R. E. , and u. h. Eliett. Hadionuclide
transport in the Great Lakes. In ott, H. R. , 0. Albrecht, and fi.
Clark, eds. Proceedings; the conference on Environmental Modeling and
Simulation, Cincinnati, OB, Apr. 19-2^, 1976. Environmental Protection
Publication EPA-600/9-76-016. hashington, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, July 197t>. p. 161-165.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03eOi1
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
XEARi 1976
(11) ABSTRACT; The use of radioisotope tracer techniques for the
disposal of radioactive solvent waste is addressed. An apparatus xs
described that was constructed to investigate tne possibility of
decontamination at the source by nasaing radiocaenicals out into water
and discharging them into the normal drainage system in d hignly
diluted form. The apparatus consists of a stainless steel funnel fixed
by means of a silicone rubber bug into the neck of a glass bottle. The
bottle stands by a sluice or drain outlet into which overflow is
discharged. Waste solvent aadea to the apparatus accumulates in the top
of the bottle, and water liows througn the solvent dovn the funnel wall
forming an interface at which water soluble substances are extracted.
Hashed solvent can be withdrawn fro* the apparatus via a light solvent
outlet. Solvents with density greater tnan that oi water will
accumulate at the bottom of the bottle and may oe withdrawn via a heavy
solvent outlet. Washed solvent with reduced radioactivity can be
disposed of in the usual way. Typical rates or radioactivity removal
297
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
are presented, and certain disadvantages of the apparatus are
discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: DILUIIOH; DISPOSAL; BQUIPMBlIt; RAD10ACTHB; SOLVENT;
TECHNOLOGY; BATBH
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS37095
(18) DOC.CIT.: Dean, b. , and W. i'. Baker. The disposal of
radioactive solvent waste. International Journal of Applied Radiation
and Isotopes, 27 (3) : 185-186, Bar. 1976.
(1) SUIfiS ACC.SO.: 037987
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: T (10) PDB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The report discloses the results of an investigation
into the requirements for securing land for underground radioactive
waste disposal sites, particularly the determination of -the size of the
land required for security of the residents in the surrounding area. As
a result of the investigation, it also proposes a Method to determine
the size of the disposal site ground and a method for institution of an
area for United use of the lane. Distribution of radioactive nuclides
in underground waters and minimal allowable size for the disposal site
and United use of the land are investigated, and it is concluded that
in spite of various variable environmental parameters such as the
velocity of the ground water, diffusion coefficient, equilibrium
distribution factor of strontium 90, the determination for the minimal
allowable size for a radioactive waste disposal site can be calculated
and that institution of an areas tor limited use of land is desirable
for further assurance of security. (Original text in Japanese)
(12) KBYHOBDS: COMTAMISATE; DISPOSAL; FACILITY; GROUND BATEB; LAUD;
PUBLIC; RADIOACTIVE; REGULATIOHS; BKSEARCH; SAFETY; SITES; SIZE;
UNDERGROUND
(15) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOSJ7031
(18) DOC.CIT.: Inoue, Y» , and S. Horisava. Hoshasei haikibutsu
chichu shobunjo no rittchi ^oken (Land requirements for a radioactive
waste disposal yard). Hihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Shi, 1o(5):304-312, Hay
30, 1976.
(1) SilRS ACC.KO.: 037892
(2) DOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.T2.tE: S; T (10) PUB.
IEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A practical method is presented for calculating
radioactivity buildup in collection tanks for nuclear power plants.
Fifty radioisotopic properties used in raawaste analysis are provided,
along with filter, demineralizer, and evaporator properties. It is
noted that the treatment of liquid raduaste in a nuclear power plant
generally includes collection of the liquid in storage tanks and
processing it through a combination of filters, demineralizers,
evaporators, and other devices. During collection and processing,
activity in the tank has to be determined. This is necessary for
calculating shielding thickness and for determining radiation exposure
to operating personnel. Although specific empnasis is placed on
radiation levels in the collection tank of a radwaste system for a
1F100 HKe boiling water reactor plant, the information can be used to
obtain approximate values for other nuclear power plants. Equations are
given which govern the rate of activity buildup in a tack.
(12) KEYWORDS: AHALYSIS; COLLECTION; DATA; ISOTOPjS; LIQUID;
HATHEHATICAL MODEL; PLABT-lNDUS'fRIAL; RADIOACTIVE; STORAGE; TANK
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36936
(18) DOC.CIT.: ABIT, S. j. Radwaste buildup in tanks. Power
Engineering, 80(6):64-67, June 1976.
(1) SUIRS ACC.HO.: 037860
(2) DOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TJPE: T (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The operation of wiped film evaporators to
concentrate aqueous radioactive waste is detailed. Wiped film
evaporators provide sufficient waste volume reduction in a single pass
298
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
to yield a product that solidifies completely upon cooling. They are
snail enough to be mounted in or over waste tanks and can be moved tram
tank to tank. As a result, the existing waste concentrate transfer
system could be eliminated. Concentration is coapieted in one pass
without recirculation. because there is no liquid level, elevation in
boiling temperature due to nyarostatic head it, eliminated, because only
a saall amount of material is in process at any tiae, holdup ti»e is
extremely short. These features aa/ce a wiped film evaporator suitable
for handling higniy viscous or roauy waste materi«tls ana solutions
containing precipitated tol^d aateria*. Tae results ot tests are
presented which denonstrate that wiped film evaporators are also
suitable for concentrating radioactive waste solutions.
(12) KE**ORDS: COKCENTKAT10S; DiSlGN; EG.UIPKE&T; EVAPORATION;
HAlNTfiNAUCK; MOVAfaLfi; RADIOACI'IV J£; RiuuU CTION; Ti-CrfNOLOGi ; VOLUME
(15J STIB5 ACC.SO.: OOS36904
(1tt) BOC.CIT.: Goodlett, C. Js. tutting evaporators to vorfc:
concentration of aqueous radioactive »aste. Cheaical Engineering
Progress, 72 (<*} ;63-b4. Apr. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC-SO.: G376U8
(2) flOBESTiC: D 12) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUttJ .I'lTPE: T (10) PUB.
IEAB: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Equipment nua methods 01 uisposai of radioactive
wastes are discussed. Types oi waste include combustible wastes,
commercial radioactive isotope wastes, reactor oft gases, spent fuel
processing wastes, anc tritium. Mecnous used xnclude incineration, long
term storage, salt deposit, land uunal, and deep well disposal.
(12) KEYWORDS: SEEP WKLL; DISPOSAL; li^UIPMKNT; dAZAMDOUS;
XMClSEfiAtiON; INDUSTRY; LAJS^j; KAkiOALi'i V£; oALT; ^fOBA«£
(ti) STIHS ACC.HO-: OOS36a52
(lb) DOC.CIT.: Powers, f. w. aluciear industry wastes, in: aow to
Dispose of Toxic Sucstances and Industrial wastes, aoyes Data
Corporation, 197b, 497 p. (p. 273-3UOJ.
(1) ShIRS ACC.SO.: 037005
(2) 1>OBEST1C: I) (2) CATEGOKJt: (J-J (2) SUBJ.rifPE; T (1") PUB.
I BAB I 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A discustdon ol acceptable aethods which aay be used
to dispose of specific inorganic chencai substances is presented. The
cnemicals are: alKali and ammoniua liuorides, aiuminua, barium and
cadaium fluorides, aiuminua fluoride cauufacture, alUKinugi oxide,
aanonia plant eftluents, ammonia soda plant effluents, ammonium
chloride ana nitrate, amnoiiiufli percniorate ana other oxidizers,
aaaoniui persulfate, antimony fluorides, antiaony sulfates and
sulfides, arsenic trichloriae, asbestos, toeryllium ana berylliua
compouuus, boric acid manufacture, i,ro»ic acia, bromine, calcium
carbide, calciua hypochiorite, caiciua pnospnaie, caustic chlorine
production wastes, chlorate phosphorus mixtures, chlorosulfonic acid,
carome pigments manufacturing wastes, chromium saits, copper hyuroxide
and sulfite sludges, cyanidt-s, hydrozine, hyda^oic acid, hydrofluoric
acid manufacturing wastes, hydrogen cyaniae, lead, lead oxide, lead
salts, aiagnesiua chlorate, oxiae aiiu oaits, nic*.ei antinoniae, arseniae
and selenide, nickel sulfate, caiori.de and citrate, nittogen oxides,
phospnate slimes, pnoaphoruii, phosphorus chlorides, phosphorus
pentasulfide, seieniua, sodiua a2ide, soaium chlorate, sodiui
hypochorite, sodiua metal, sodium perchiorate, sodiun silicofluoride
manufacturing wastes, sulturic acid, thalluim compounds, titanium
dioxide, and titanium tetrachioriae procat,s wastes.
(12) KEYWOKDS: ALUBlSUB ; AKHON1A; Ai,b£Sroi; CAJLUlUH; CHtMiCAL;
CHLORIDE; CUROHIOfl; lilSPOSAi.; UA^AttbOOb; INKUbTHY; INOHGAHIC; NITHOGEN;
PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHORUS; PLANf-i»I)UST«lAL; SELtfclUB; SOUIOH
(15) ST1HS ACC.NO.: OOS3684&
(IB) DOC.CIT.: Powers, P. h. inorganic chemical industry wastes.
In: How to Dispose of Toxic substances and industrial Hastes, Noyes
Data Corporation, 1976, 497 p. (p. 22/-/:57).
299
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 037601
(21 DOflESTIC: D (2) CATEGOKl: 0* (2) SUiiJ.TYPE: T |10) PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(II) ABSTRACT: A aethod is presented for treating waste gases
containing radioactive contanination, particularly krypton and xenon
nuclides. The waste gas streaa to be decontaainated is tirst conducted
through an enrichment systes Kherein the waste gas stream is divided
into two partial streams, one of which is substantially tree froa the
radioactive itpurito.es and constitut.es the poor gas fraction an.d
another of which constitues the rich gas fraction. The poor gas;
fraction is discharged, at least in part into the atmosphere wfi.ile the
rich gas fraction is led into an activated carbon delay path whose
output is discharged either directly or indirectly into the atmosphere.
Apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.
(T2> KBIiOKDS: ACTIVATED LAHbON; DESIGN; EQUItBttlT; GASHES;
GERMANY; PATENT; RADIOACTIVE
(15) STIHS ACC.KO.: OOS3664t>
(18) DOC.Cir.: stuapf, w. , u. ^utiser, and h . Juentgen. Hethod and
apparatus for treating waste gases containing radioactive impurities,
particularly krypton and xenon uuclides. U. S. Patent No. 3,9t>3,460.
Issued June 15, 1976.
(1) SBIBS ACC.SO.: 037600
(2) DOBEST1C: D (2) CATEGOBX: 0* (2) ijUBJ.I'Ii'E: I (1u) POB.
XEARi 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A process ior reduction in bulk of hignly
radioactive wastes is discussed, cat-ion exchange aaterial ot the
hydrous oxide type is used. Titanium is the preferred metal but
niobinm, zirconiua, and tantalum nay also be used with sodium usually
the exchangeable ion. Of the two principal streaas leaving the process,
one will be highly radioactive titanate/zeolite ceramic and the other a
slightly radioactive, transuranic-free sodiua nitriate waste. Hope is
expressed that the Handford wastes can be successfully reduced in bulk.
utilizing this method.
(12) KEIiOHDSI CHEHlCii; DISPOSAL; ECUSOHICS; IliUhGAMIC; 1QB
EXCHAMGE; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; KiDUCTlON; BKS1S; T8EATKEST
(tb) STIHS ACC.SO.: OOS36644
(18) DOC.CIT.: Anon. New process consolidates radioactive wastes.
Cheaical and Engineering News, i>U:32-33, Jan. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0375^6
(2) DOHESXIC: D (2) CAl'EGOKX : 0» (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
XEARt 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The use of a wiped fila evaporator for hign level
radioactive waste is explored. A pilot scale wipea Him evaporator is
being evaluated for concentrating high radiation level liquid waste
froa Purex type nuclear fuel recovery processes. The evaluation is
being carried out at fiattelle's Pacific Northwest Laboratories and is
sponsored by the Energy Research and Development Administration. The
goal of the evaluation prograa is to deaonstrate a commercially
feasible technique for fixing high radiation level waste in a stable
solid. The wiped file evaporator is being evaluated as part of a glass
Baking systea, with the feedstock oeing siauiated Purex type waste. Tne
evaporator used in testing is a tapered, horizontal drum like unit with
about 5 sq ft of heat transfer surfaces. Operation of the evaporator is
detailed, with the evaporator drua being heated by a steaa jacket,.
Tabular data are provided on typical simulated waste leedstocn
coapositions, and it is noted that the performance of the evaporator
differs slightly for each feedstock COB position. Perforiance in general
is related to product concentration as a function of jacket temperature
and feed flow rate. The evaporator lesulted in the production of
concentrates up to 60 weight percent total splias. It is concluded that
300
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
tae device is efficient for highly concentrating simulated waste
slurries.
(12) KEYWORDS: OPPOSITION; CONCL«IKAi'IOH; JSQUlPBENi'; EVAPORATION;
FUEL; GLASS; HEAT; LIQUID; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; BECLAHATION; ROTATING
DBUB; S1HULATION; SLOHBK
(IS) STXHS ACC.NO.: OOS36oOO
(16) DOC.CIT.: Dierks, R. B. , and u. f. iioiiner. wiped film
evaporator tor high level wastes. Chemical Engineering Progress,
72(») :61-62, Apr- 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.MO.: 037519
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPE; X (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Solid radioactive waste is incorporated in glass,
ceramic or basaltic blocks which are conditioned in waste waters or
sludges prior to placement in nonpolluting ultimate storage. The
conditioning has the dual benefit of reducing the radioactivity of the
radioactive waste and of purifying the waste Mater or of purifying and
facilitating the filterability of the sludge. Such purifying is
enhanced by concurrent treatment with oxygen or an oxygen-containing
gas and/or with a substance which is readily reduced to radicals.
(12) KEYWORDS: CEBANIC; GUNMAN*; GLASS; ILLUSTRATIONS; OXYGEN;
PATENT; PURIFICATION; RADIOACTIVE; SOLID; TREATHEMT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS36563
(18) DOC.CIT.: HiId, M. , H. Krause, and K. schefrler. Conditioning
highly radioactive solidified waste. U. S. Patent No. 3,971,717. Issued
July 27, 1976.
(1) SHIBS ACC.HO-: 037514
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TYPK: T (10] PUB.
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A method ot and apparatus for the purification of a
liquid contaminated with radioactive substances is presented. The
liquid is fed into an evaporator which is connected to a column having
a multiplicity of supposed plates or floors. The vapor generated in the
evaporator is guided through a washing or scrubbing liquid uniformly.
The washing liquid at the floors is deflected a number of times in such
a manner that the washing liquid itself and together with the droplets
entrained by the vapor is uniformly admixed and the washing liquid
subjected to a constant intake of the radioactive substance. The
concentration of the radioactive substance is reduced in an economical
manner.
(12) KEYWORDS: EQUIPMENT; EVAPORATION; ILLUSTRATIONS; LIQUID;
PATENT; PURIFICATION; RADIOACTIVE; REDUCTION
(15) STIRS ACC.NO.: OOS36558
(18) DOC.CIT.: flende, H. Method and apparatus for tne purification
of a liquid contaminated with radioactive substances. U. s. Patent No.
3,969,194. Issued July 13, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 037449
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: According to a new report to Congress from the
General Accounting Office entitled "Improvements Needed in the Land
Disposal of Radioactive Hastes", there is no guarantee that existing
land disposal sites receiving a wide variety of low-level radioactive
wastes will not create a public health hazard r»y reason of the wastes
migrating from their original burial sites. Tne GAO found both a lack
of geological criteria for site selection and a lack ot data for aost
existing sites. Tne report caxls tor additional geohydroiogical
evaluations and research to estaolisn criteria to insure that future
sites are selected on the basis of detailed studies. Gaps in data
referred to by GAO are mostly ground-water related and include lack of
data concerning infiltration ground-wuter movement, the extent of rock
fractures, and connections netween shallow ana deep acquiters. The GAO
report is supported by EPA studies which show that commercial burial
3d
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
grounds are not sufficiently analyzed before licensing by various
federal agencies.
(12) KETHOHDS: ANALYSIS; bOBJ; COMMERCIAL; CRITERIA; DISPOSAL;
GKOLOGIC; GfiOOKD HATER; HYDROLOGY; LICENSE; KAD10ACTHE;
RBSPOHSIBILITY; SITES; TRANSPORT
(15) STIBS ACC.BO.: OOS36493
(18} DOC.CIT.: Gillies, N . p . GAO finds buried radioactive wastes
on the move at some sites. Ground Water, 14(3) :174-175, Feb. 1976.
(1) SHIES ACC.SO.: 037302
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUbJ.TIPE: T (10) Jr-UB-
YEARi 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The operation of a vacuum evaporator-crystallizer to
handle radioactive Baste is detailed. The vacuuB
evaporator-crystallizer is being used by Atlantic Richfieid to convert
high level radioactive waste solutions to solid fonts suitable for
storage. Approximately <*. 5 Billion gal ot less mobile salt cake,, plus
about. 4 Billion gal of concentrated liquor, nave been generated from
nearly 23. 5 Billion gal of waste processed. The salt cake is composed
primarily of sodium nitrate and sodiun carbonate, plus soae
nondrainable trapped liquor. Atlantic Richfield operates the waste
aanagaenet program for the Energy Research and Development
AdBinistration (EKDA). Problems associated with prograa operation are
noted, and the construction oi a second vacuum evaporator-crystailizer
unit is described. Perforaance aspects of the vacuua
evaporator-crystailizer are reported in relation to iihDA standards.
Four mechanical difficulties of the unit are identified: pump
vibration, broken dip tube, plugged slurry line, and lou exchange
column, future processing plans of Atlantic itichfield are discussed,
and the development of a computerized evaporator-crystallizer process
•odel is described.
(12) KEYWORDS: COHHERCIAL; COMPUTER; EQUIPMENT; EVAPORATION;
ILLUSTRATIONS; L1QOOR; BAHAGEttENT; PLASNISG; PfiOBLEHS; PfiOGRAH;
RADIOACT11E; REDUCTION; SALT; SOLID; SOLUtolLITSf; STOKAGK; VACUUH;
VOLOHB
(15) STIBS ACC.no.: OOS36347
(18) DOC.CIT.: Petrie, J. C. , fe. I. Donovan, and a. i,. Van 3er
Cook. Putting evaporators to work: vacuum evaporator-crystallizec
handles radioactive waste. Chemical Engineering Progress, 72(4):65-71,
Apr. 1976.
(1) SHIES ACC.HO.: 037163
(2) DOBBST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: Oi (2) SOBJ.'rKFE: S; T (10) POu.
XKAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: As part of the radiation quality assurance program
conducted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, calibrated
radionuclide solutions are distributed to participating laooratones
for instrument calibration and yield determinations. Laboratory
performance studies involving the analysis of radionuclides in
environmental media are also conducted, and a summary is given of tne
results of the water cross-check program for 1974. Examination of these
results reveals that gross beta is the most difficult (44 percent
within the control limits) for the laboratories to analyze. These
results indicate the need for improvement in analytical procedures for
the radionuclide studies. (Document retained in SNIRS library)
(12) KEYWORDS: AUALYSIS; CMEHICAL; COMPARISON; CUUfKOL; flATA; EPA;
ISOTOPE; LABORATORY; METAL; PtfOGKAB; DUALITY; RADIATION; HATER
(15) STIBS ACC.UO.: OOS36208
(18) UOC.CIT.: Jarvis, A. N. , H. F. SmieciusJti, and D. G.
Easterly. The status and quality of radiation measurements oi water.
Environmental Protection Publication bOO/4-76-017. Las Vegas, NV, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Apr. 1*76, 2ts p. (Environmental
Bonitoring Series) (Distributed by National Technical Iniortation
Service, Springfield, VA)
302
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SKIES ACC.80.: 037156
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUfaJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: the relative risks to man from radionuclides
released to the environment depend heavily on taeir accumulation or
concentration by aquatic organisms. Tne organisms which accumulate
those radionuclides present in the environment may tie useful as
indicators for environmental monitoring purposes. In addition, these
organisms nay be directly in rood chain pathways to humans. Literature
is reviewed and summarized in regard to biological concentration of
radionuclides in freshwater and marine enviroments. Concentration
factors tor elements round in organisms are tabulated for plants,
invertebrates, and tish in aarine and freshwater environs. Literature
is also reviewed on models developed to calculate the possible
radiation dose delivered to humans iron radioaaclides released into
aquatic environments. Tae model approaches summarized range rrom simple
generalized forms which, at best, give order of magnitude estimates to
detailed models for a specific area which may be used to guide waste
discharge practices. (Document retained in SWISS licrary)
(I2i KEYWORDS: BIOLOGICAL; coNCi&TRATioh; DATA; ENVIRONMENT; FISH;
FOOD; ISOrOPiS; LiTERATOfatf; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MOHirOB; POLLUTION;
BADIATIOK; VEGETATIOM; WATERWAY
(161 STlflS ACC-NO.: 00536^01
(1b) DOC.C1T.: Patzer, R. G. Concentration factors and transport
models tor radionuclides in aquatic environments: a literature report.
Environmental Protection publication t>00/3-76-034 . Las Vegas, NV, u. s.
Environmental Protection Agency, flay 1976, 64 p. (Ecological Research
Series) (Distributed by National Technical Inlormation Service,
Springfield, VA)
(1> SHIRS ACC.HO.: 037010
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Oi* (2) SUbJ.XYPE: S; I' (10) tOB.
YEAR: 1976
(I1J ABSTRACT: The conversion or liquid high level radioactive
wastes into granular materials ±or dispersion into metal matrics is
addressed, based on work, carried out t>y the Eurochemic Company in
Belgium. The operation ol Eurocheaic plants has resulted in tne
accumulation of two types of high level liquid wastes: (1) concentrated
fission product solutions fro* highly enriched uranium processing; and
(2) concentrated fission products froa low enriched uranium processing.
Eurochemic's low temperture solidification process, waicn is i>asea on
calcination to oxide granules by a iiuiu bed calcination technique,
involves the conversion of nitrates in high level wastes to yranular
phosphates in the presence of aluminum at low tempratures. sufficient
aluminum nitrate and a stoichiometnc amount of phospnoric acid are
added to the waste teed solution, sprayed into a stirred bed reactor
kept at about 550 degrees C, and pretiiled with aluminua phosphate
particles. The granular phosphate product shows a leachability for
cesium and strontium that is »ore than a thousand times lower tnan that
of corresponding oxide calcines. The glass bead production process is
detailed. Three types of metal anoys have ceen selected for
investigation with reyard to their suitability as emcedding material
for different nigh level waste solids: (1) lead alloys melting in the
temperature range from 2tO to 320 degrees C; (2) zinc alloys melting in
the range from 400 to 500 degrees C; and (3) aluminum alloys melting in
the range from 550 to 660 degrees C.
(12) KEYWORDS: iLUMJNUfl; ASSOC; CJiLGIUM; COHCEftl'RAi'IOK; CUHtfEBT;
FL01D1ZED BED; I8DOSTHY; iNVESTiGATiOtt; L£ACH; LIQUID; ailPAL;
PHOSPHORUS; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE
(15) SUMS ACC.SO.: OOSJ6055
(18) DOC.CIT.: van Geel, J. M. , U. Eschrich, aua t. J. Detilieux.
Conditioning high level radioactive wastes. CUe»icai Engineering
Progress, 72(3):4y-51, Mar. 197o.
(1) SilIRS ACC.NO.: 037009
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAi'EliORX: Of (2) SUBJ.TYPK: T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A technique for tne continuous vitrification of high
level radioactive wastes is described tftat is being developed by the
303
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Preach Atomic Energy Commission. A facility aas been designed to
convert all fission products generated at a nuclear reprocessing plant
into solid glass aaterial. The first radioactive test run is scheduled
for July 1977. Two steps are involved in the vitrification process: (1)
continuous calcination; and (2) continuous glass makiug with the
calcined product and suitable aduitives. Thr^e types of high leveri
radioactive wastes will be reprocessed. One type is related to aaterial
testing reactor spend fuels, and the other two types are related to
natural uranium spent fuels. The fission proctact conversion facility
has tuo main sections (vitrification and storage areas), and it is
anticipated that the storage area will oe large enough to dispose' of
glass resulting from existing stored solutions and from nuclear
reprocessing plant production for the next 10 yrs. It is noted that the
storage area can be expanded to meet additional capacity requirements.
(12} KEYWORDS: CAi£IOa; CERAJ1IC; CONVERT; DhSlGK; DISPOSAL;
FACILITY; FRANCE; FUEL; FURNACE; GLASS; PftOCfiSS; jIOACXiViS; STORAGE
(1b) STIHS ACC.NO.: 0033605^4
(Ib) DOC.CIT.: Bonniaud, R. , and C. Soabret. Continuous
vitrification of radioactive wastes. Chemical Engineering Progress,
72(31 :<»7-4b, Bar. 1976.
(1J SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036960
(2) DOHESTIC: D (2) CATEGORIC Oy U\ SUBJ.TKfE: S; T (10) ?Ub.
XEA8: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT; A sethod and apparatus reduces the amount of
radioactive solids resulting iron the filtration of patticulate
contaminants from liquid in a nuclear reactor plant. A filtration
system includes a pre-fiiter comprising a sheet filter aediuai tnrougn
which the reactor liquid passes to remove relatively large particulate
contaminants for storage or disposal. The reactor liquid is then passed
through a bed of granular filter medium to accunulate substantially all
the previously non-filtered contaminants and thereby provide a
clarified liquid suitable for reuse in tht reactor. Backwash liquid is
flowed through the granular filter «ea to remove ana entrain the
accumulated contaminants into a slurry which is received oy a reservoir
where the slurry is maintained quiescently to settle the contaminants.
Removal of liquid fro» the reservoir concentrates the contaminants for
Storage or further processing, without the necessity of large
quantities of filter aids that would increase the quantity of
storage-requiring conta»iuated solids.
(12) KEYBO&DS: COLLECTION; CONCENTRATION; COS TABINAI'E; EgUlPHENT;
FXLIE8; ILLUSTRATIONS; LIQUID; PAJESi'; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; REIJUCTION;
SfiTliEBE*!'; SLURRX; SOLID; STORAGl
(1&) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36UOi>
(1«) DOC.CiT.: Hirs, G. Hydrowation filter Coapany. aethod ana
apparatus for treating liquid contaaifcated with radioactive partxculate
solids. U. S. Patent mo. 3,9t>2,07b. Issued June b, 1y76.
(1j SWIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) UOHEST1C: D (2) CATEGORY: Ui* (Z) SObJ .TYi'E: T 110)
IEAB: 1S76
(11J ABSTRACT: Apparatus it; disc^osea for disposing of radioactive
waste materials by placing them into a steel drua together with cement
and water, mixing the content^, and then stormy the drua for a period
of time to permit partial decay ot radioactive material's. Also
disclosed are remotely controlled apparatus for fjJ.ling, closing and
agitating the drum including special Beans tot unscrewing a cap froa
the drun, for holding the cap during tilling, and for replacing tne cap
after filling.
(12) RECORDS: i»ECOBPOSK; Ju£i,lGN; LilSPOiAL; EQ01PKKNT;
ILLUSTRATIONS; PATENT; RADIOACTIVE; SiOttAUE
(15) STIftS ACC.No.: OOS3S669
(18) DOC.Cir.: Stoc*., A. J. , I), ii. Chris>t.ofer, and J. E. Brinza.
Stock Equipment company. Apparatus tor inserting closure neans into a
container. 0. S. Patent No. 3,9j2,97a. Issued Jan. 20, 1976.
304
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036515
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S (tO) PUB.
XElfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: After a first extraction of an aqueous nitric acid
solution of spent nuclear fuel by a suitable organic solvent and a
first washing of the resulting organic phase t»y an aqueous solution to
remove tritiated water, the organic phase is submitted to a second
•ashing with a volume ox dilute aqueous solution of nitric acid free
fro* tritium, said volume being substantially smaller than that of the
organic phase, whereby the organic phase is rendered substantially
tritium-free and contamination by tritium in the following stages of
the process is avoided. (Author Abstract)
(12) KETBOBDS: ACID; CONTAMINATE; DESIGN; FUEL; ILLUSTRATIONS;
ORGANIC; PATENT; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE; SEPARATING; TREATMENT; HASH
(15J ST18S ACC.NO.; OOS35559
(18) DOC.CIT.: Bernard, C. Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles,
Courbevoie, France. Treatment of irradiated nuclear fuel. U.S. Patent
Ho. 3,954,654. Issued nay 4, 197t>.
(1) SBIRS ACC.BO.: 036308
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TY.PE: G (10) PUB.
IEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Witnesses before a House Subcommittee contend that
radioactive waste migration has resulted from lack of adequate
planning, hydrogeological evaluation, and radiation monitoring at
disposal sites. Although radioactive debris does not presently pose a
serious health hazard, spokesmen agree that greater care must be taken
to establish stringent criteria lor licensing federal and commercial
disposal grounds. An interagency task force is already meeting to
develop a national radioactive waste disposal plan.
(12) KEY WORDS: DISPOSAL; GOVERNMENT; HABAt-EflENT; RADIOACTIVE; US
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS35353
(18) DOC.CIT.: Anon. Radioactive waste disposal inadequate.
Chemical and Engineering Hews, 54{9):5, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036202
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0* (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The D. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires
that liquid waste remaining alter the reprocessing of spent nuclear
fuel be converted to a solid form before storage or shipment. Two major
solidification processes, fluidized bed calcination and spray drying,
produce a 'calcine* which is granular and contains a high proportion of
"fines" which are undesirable. A feasibility study was performed to
determine whether nuclear waste calcine and a crystalline ceramic
matrix can be fabricated by hot pressing into a composite waste form
with suitable leaching resistance and thermal stability. The addition
of small quantities of low viscosity glass produced a suitable
composite. Additional studies are suggested to: optimize the matrix;
optimize waste/matrix ratios; use modified calcine. Engineering
feasibility must also be determined.
(12) KEYWORDS: CERAMIC; CONVERT; DRYING; FINE; FLUID1ZED BED;
GLASS; LEACH; LIQUID; PROCESS; PRODUCt; RADIOACTIVE; bOLID; STORAGE;
THEBHAL; TRANSPORT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS35247
(16) DOC.CIT.: McCarthy, G. J. , and fl. T. Davidson. Ceramic
nuclear Haste forms: 11, a ceramic-waste composite prepared by not
pressing. Ceramic Bulletin, 55 (2):190-194, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036114
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: Ob* (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S; T (10) PUt».
TEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A tentative retereuce method is described for the
measurement of strontium-<;9 and strontium-90 in environmental waters.
Details of the method are presented in terms of its principle and
applicability, range and sensitivity, interferences, precision and
accuracy, apparatus, reagents, procedures, calibration, calculations
305
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT!
and reporting. In the aethod, samples of environmental water sources
are collected, preserved with acid-strontium carrier, and analyzed for
strontium-89 and/or strontium-90. both types of strontium are separated
from the sample water by precipitating with stable strontium carrier as
carbonate. The strontium carbonate is dissolved; yttrium-90 is
separated and strontium is then reprecipitared as carDonate, filtered,
and counted for combined strontium-B9 and strontium-90 activity.
Yttrium-90 is allowed to grow in fro» strontiam-90 activity, ana
strontium carbonate is redissolved. Yttraum-90 is then separated
precipitated, and counted for strontium-90 determination. Strontium-89
activity is determined by the difference between total strontium-89 and
strontium-90 and separate strontmm-90 activities. Recoveries are
determined from added and found (recovered) strontium carrier. Counting
efficiencies are determined with prepared standard reference samples,
and results are reported in picocuries per liter.
(12) KEKBORDS: ANALYSIS; (JHEHiCAL; CLIMATE; IbOTOPE; HEASOREHENTS;
POLLUTION; RADIOACTIVE; KEFhRKNCK; SAMPLING BETHODS; SEPARATING;
WATER SAY
(15) ST1HS ACC.HO.: OOS35159
(18) DOC.CIT.: KPA Environmental Honitoring and support Lab.
Heasurement of strontium-69 and strontium-90 in environmental waters: a
tentative reference method. Las Vegas, MV, 0. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Bar. 1976, 2b p.
(1) SIIRS ACC.MO.: 036090
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 0» (2) SUbJ.Tlfl-E: S (10) PUB.
IJJAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The importance of tritium as gas in the
contamination of plants and soils is examined. Lettuce plants were
grown in a mixture of peat and vermiculite and watered with a modified
hoaglands nutrient solution. Studies were conducted in plant growth
chambers, and tritium concentrations associated with organic
constituents of the lettuce plants were determined by oxidizing dry
plant material in a pressurized oxygen bomb and subsequently analyzing
the water of combustion. Tritium concentrations in leachate, transpired
water, water extracted from the plants, and the water of combustion
were analyzed using liquid scintillation techniques. Lettuce plants
fumigated with elemental tritium accumulated tritium in plant water as
well as in organic constituents. The conversion rate of elemental
tritium to tritiated water varied from 0. 5 nanocuries per minute per
pot at the start to 0. & nanocuries per minute per pot when the 24-day
exposure to an air concentration of S nanocuries per liter was
terminated. Based on the concentration of tritium in various plant
tissues, foliar absorption was postulated as the route of plant
contamination. Study data indicated that an enzymatically facilitated
conversion on the leal or soil surface was the probable mechanism.
(12) KEYWORDS: CATALYST; CONCEMTRATlUN; GASSBS; HAZARDOUS; LAND;
HEA.SUREBE8TS; MONITOR; ORGANIC; OXYGEN; POLLUTION; VEGETABLE;
VEGETATION; MATER
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS35135
(18) DOC.CIT.: HcParlane, J. C. Tritium accumulation in lettuce
fumigated with elemental tritium. Las Vegas, «V, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Jan. 1976, 19 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.IO.: 036069
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
IBM: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A neutron activation laboratory with computer
coupled equipment and procedures is described that was established to
analyze environmental trace materials. The capability of the laboratory
for environmental trace material analysis was demonstrated by analyzing
various materials, including quality control interlaboratory
comparisons. Samples ranged from sewage treatment plant sludge and
marine sediment to fresh water containing very low concentrations of
molybdenum and ore and fertilizer containing cadmium. It was concluded
that neutron activation analysis (NAA) is desirable for environmental
tracer experiments because it is sensitive and uses constituent tracer
306
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
nuclides rather tcan introducing other tracers. Tiie total cost of
simple e^uipaent in the laboratory was about *40,000 (in 1972), plus
access to a time sharing computer system and nuclear reactor. A
comparison of analytical results indicated that either atomic
absorption or NAA can be used to analyze environmental trace materials,
although the ainiouJi size of saapj.es ditfered significantly for the two
methods. It was deaonstrated that automated environmental monitoring
with graphic display can be Carried out using hAA and, in addition to
its general usefulness as a sensitive method ior trace analysis, «AA
can be used as a reteree or eoaparifcon nethod.
(12) KEiHOHDS: ANALYSIS; LQfil'AHISON ; CGflpUTEK ; CONCKSTRAI'lON;
COSJfiOL; ECONOMICS; ilt'Uli'MEKr; hJJXAJ.; HGNiTOK; POLLUTION; PKOCESS;
SEWAGE; TOXIC; HATEtiWAY
(15) ST1HS ACC.tiO.: OOS35134
(IB) DOC.CIT.: Feidmaii, M. H. , L>. E. Cawineid, and K. V. tsyram.
Environmental trace materials; computer coupled radioactivation
analysis. Corvallis, ofi, U. S. Environs, en tal Protection Agency, Dec.
1975. 36 p.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036011
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CA'IEGOhi: ua (2) SUuJ.l'yPE: S; T (10) i>OB.
1975
(11J ABSTRACT: An experiaentAl study of btrontiun i*0 soil content,
tests the effect of radioactive metals on 20-day old t»neat sprouts; it
de»onstrates that at a ai^h degree o± radioactive soil conta»ination,
with the increase of i>r 90 concent ration, increases tne accumulation of
Sr 90 in vegetation. Experiments Here carried out on two types ot soil:
sod—podzolic - with Ca content ot t>. a ailiiequiv per TOO tjraas of
soil, and chernozem - with ca content ot 26. t> aiiliejuiv per 100 grass
of soil. Sprouts were groan in weigtsing bottles containing 60 g ot
soil. Soil was netted with distillea water and Sr 90, in the form of Sr
C12 without a carrier, which then was added to acnieve gradual
concentrations of 10, 40, 400, dOO uaiiocurie per gram ot soil. Soil was
seasoned for 28 days whereupon ten *heat sprout grains were planted in
each bottle. The experiment was carried on/in a luminescent chamber for
20 days under a moisture ieyi«e siigatly lower than actual field
condi tions.
(12) KEXHOBDS: CHAMtiLii; CONC£N'PhAJ'lON; COMTAMiN ATb; LAND;
BADIOACTIVE; VEGETATION; WATEH
(1b) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS3505b
(loj DOC.CIX.: ZuLareva, 1. F. ittect ox 90-Sh concentration in
soil on accumulation of radioactive strontium in wheat sprouts.
Vliyaniye kontsentratsii bO-SK v pochve na Koeiritsxenty naXopleniya
radiostrontsiya v prorostkaKn psnenit-jy. Agroxhiaiiya, 10:135-136, 1975.
(I) SW1ES ACC.HO.: 036019
{2J DUBESTIC: F (2) CATfcGOKY: 09 (2) SUbJ.TypK: T (10) PUB.
XKAR: 1975
(tl) ABSI'RACT: ireatment ot waste from atomic power plants,
exeaplified at the NovovoroneznsKiiya in Central European Russia, ana
Beloyarsxaya in the Oral region plants, has thus far been described as
satisfactory. The entire surrounding urea with a radius or 10-12 Km, is
subject to uninterrupted monitoring, ioiid waste products are stored in
largecapacity ferroconcrete bins if highly radioactive or are buried in
trencnes if less radioactive, fcnere nydrogeologicai conditions are not
favorable, specially-insulated tranches are provided to prevent any
washout of radioactive scatter. Solid waste witn a relatively low
radioactivity still presents a problem. Compression 01 inch waste
material is conteaplated.
(12) KEYWORDS: fcUhY; COflPACTION ; CONCitETi; GEOLOGIC; HOSITOH;
PLAHT-ISDOSTRIAL; POHfcR; RAitlOACTlVt; SJTOKAl,!.; 1'R K A T« ill T; X»ENCH; MATEB
(15) STIrtS ACC.No.: OOS35064
(18) DOC.CIT.: burnazyan, A. i. , Radiation safety in nuclear power
plant operations. Kadiatsionnaya bezopasnost pri eJtspluatatsii atomnykh
elektrostantsiy. Atomnaya Energiya, j«(3):167-172, Sep. 1975.
307
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SUBS ACC.NO.: 035861
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAfEGOBT: (if (2) SOfaJ ,1X^£: G (10J PUB.
YEAR: 1475
(11) ABSTRACT: Present and future problems in the management of
nuclear wastes are considered. Sate operation of a nuclear reactor
should encompass the entire nucxear fuel cycle, including fuel supply,
reprocessing, and disposal of wastes. The residue from a ill tailings is
a einor but persistent aazard. Steps should be taxen tor proper
location and disposal of these wastes. Fuel storage space is cecoming a
pressing problem requiring immediate attention. Decommissioning of
facilities will become a problem in another 20 or 30 years. Three
stages are required: lock up with surveillance; conversion and
restricted site release; and unrestricted site release. Gas recovery
processes should be developed and used so that dangerous materials such
as krypton a5 and tritium don't escape into the atmosphere and
biosphere. The costs versus the benefits must be ascertained for
separating alpha bearing wastes from .tuels. Two methods of disposal
toat can be utilized in this century are disposal in the earth surface
and in geological formations, small countries should cooperate in
regional centers for fuel reprocessing and waste handling to cut
handling and operating costs, to reduce the numbers and sources of
radioactivity, and to reduce the risKs of accidents. Maturity of
nuclear energy is the ability to manage it wisely, saiely and in
cooperation.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACCIDENT; DISPOSAL; ECONOMIC^; FUEL; GASSES;
GEOLOGIC; HAZARDOUS; INTERNATIONAL; MANAGEMENT; PLANNING; PhOBLEHS;
RADIATION; RADIOACTIVE; REGIONAL; STGHAGE
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS349U6
(18) DOC.C1T.: Lennemanii. U. L. , H. K. Parker, and P. J. Jest.
Management of radioactive wastes. International Atomic Energy Bulletin,
11(41 :2-13, Aug. 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 035740
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 U) SOttJ.TXPE: T (.10) PUB.
IBAH; 1*75
(11) ABSTRACT: As nuclear fission increases as a source ot energy
over the next several decades the problems of treatment, separation,
shipment, and long teim disposal of radioisotopes will become more
acute. The management of these wastes and the technology being
developed to treat solid wastes* cuntaainated with radioactivity are
described, along with the techniques being considered for long term
storage and disposal. Projections of annual rates of generation and
accumulation of 10 categories of radioactive wastes are given. A
regulation proposed by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission would
prohibit the further burial of commercial transuranium wastes in the
soil and would require that they 0e turned over to Federal custody. An
objective of the 0. S. Energy Research and Development Agency is to
improve the form and composition of waste materials to contribute to
economic and effective disposal. Solid contaminated wastes include
combustible wastes, liquid and sludye wastes, and non-combustible
wastes. Methods of treating combustible wastes include acid digestion,
controlled air incineration, pyrolysis, molten salt combustion,
fluidized bed combustion, aud cyclone incineration. Common techniques
for treating liquid and sluage wastes are batch and continuous process
phosphate treatment. Non-combui>tible wastes include many precious
metals and thus have a high recovery value. Methods of treatment
include saelting, treating cladding hulls before contact, and
contaminating cladding hulls. Disposing radioactive wastes safely can
be accomplished with existing analytical capabilities and technology.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; FEDERAL; HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT;
HETAL; NUM-FERRGUS; PROJECTION; RADIOACTIVE; RECLAMATION; REGULATIONS;
SLUDGE; SOLID; TREATMENT
(•»:>) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS3U7b5
(18) DOC.C1T.: Wolfe, R. A. Problems and prospects in the
management of solid radioactive waste. The Journal of Knvironiental
Sciences, 18(4):9-15, July/Aug. 1»75.
308
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 035643
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATiUiOfcl; Of U) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
IBAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Scientists at the fcnergy Research and Development
Administration are looking tor ways ot disposing of radioactive wastes
without creating hazards toe future generations. The most serious
concerns are the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential ot radioactive
substances. Inadequate storage or disposal could allow wastes to get
into the atmosphere. Up to now, most radioactive wastes were generated
by the nuclear weapons research program. The wastes generated by
commercially operated nuclear power plants are six ti»es core reactive
than the weaponry waste, tfhen tue fission products interfere with the
reaction, the contaminated fuel is removed fro* the reactor, the
reclaiming of uranium and plutonium Iron contaminated fuel has not been
done on a large scale. At least three elements of the nuclear waste
pose serious dangers: plutoniua 239; strontium 90; and cesium 137. the
carcinogenic plutonium lengthens the aazardous life ot the waste to a
quarter of a million years. The government is in the process of
solidifying its waste. Methods of temporarily storing the wastes were
developed by the Atlantic Bichfield Company. Deep salt beds have 0een
proposed for a long term disposal ot radioactive wastes. Geologic
changes might expose the sites but it would take longer for such
changes to occur than it takes even the longest lived wastes to decay.
The salt bed sites have run into some problems. Geological alternatives
include: seabed disposal; burial in granite rock below 3 to 5 thousand
feet; and disposal in the Antarctic ice sneet. A uranium mine in Gabon,
Africa, was the site of a natural nuclear reactor, two billion years
ago; only the cesium has migrated significantly. Whatever disposal
system is chosen there will always be the problem of human error.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANTARCTICA; DISPOSAL; ENKBGI; FUEL; GEOLOGIC;
HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; BIKE; OCEAM; PUBLIC UTILITY; fiADIUACTIVE;
RECLAMATION; SALT; SITES; STOWAGE
(IS) STIflS ACC.NO.: OOS34668
(1tt) DOC.CIT.: Gorman, J. Handeriug in the nuclear waste land. The
Sciences, 15(8):6-10, Nov. 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.KO.: 035634
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: S (10) PUB.
IBAK: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A computer program was designed to conduct an
inventory of the Haxey Flats nuclear waste burial site. The total site
activity was estimated by adding activities by isotopes after decaying
the activity from date of burial to present date. Undated depositions
were considered buried on the closing date ot the pit in which they
were put. The activity of individual pits was determined at burial time
and at present time. Additions were also made witfi regard to total
isotope activities on the site and volumes of disposal by pit and by
site. Although an accurate evaluation of the error associated with the
statistics is impossible, tais method of recording tends to
systematically increase the recorded value against the actual activity
of a shipment.
(12) KETfcOBDS: bURX; COMPUTER; DISPOSAL; HAZAKDOUS; ISOTOPE;
MANAGEMENT; PBOGhABHiHG; KAlUOACTIVE; SURVEY
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS34679
(18) DOC.CIT.: Gat, 0. , J. i). Thomas, and 0. T. Clark. Maxey Plats
nuclear waste burial site-inventory. Transactions ot the American
Nuclear Society. 265-26t>, June 9-13, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 035619
(2) DOMESTIC: t (2) CATEGOBI: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
IEAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This patent provides a disposal device for ashes
generated during the incineration of radioactive wastes from nuclear
reactors, which will decrease the volume of tne ashes waile producing
safe and manageable solidified blocks. The wastes treated by this
process include such solid combustible wastes as ion exchange resins,
cellulose powders, and liquid wastes containing mostly sodium sulfate.
The incineration ashes and waste water are mixed and crushed in a
309
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
mixing chamber to form A slurry which is 70 to ao percent water by
weight. Liquid wastes are heated to boO C in the incinerator and are
dehydrated to a solid sodium sulfate. At a prescribed interval the
slurry enters the incinerator for a very short; period of tine. These
processes are repeated until the incinerator is filled witn alternate
layers of slurry and solid sodiu» suliate. This closed system type
disposal device can solidify the wastes without using solidifying
agents such as cement and asp bait, and the incinerator also serves as a
stock container. (Text in Japanese)
(12) KETUOBDS: ASH; HAZAHDOUS; HEAT; 1NC1NEKATION; JAPAN; PATENT;
RADIOACTIVE; SLOBBY; SOLID; SISTEB; TfiEATHEHT; HASTE BATEB
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: 00334664
(18) DOC.CIT.: Oda, A. , H. Yusa, A. Odaoe, T. Inji, and K. Hakata.
Shokyaku bai no shori sochi. Disposal device tor incinerated ashes.
Japanese Patent Sho 50-27956 owned i>y K. K. Hitachi Seisakujo, Tokyo,
Japan. Issued Sept. 11, 1975.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO.: 0354 72
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOBY: 09 (2] SUBJ.TltPE: & (10) PUB.
TKAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A study oy the Environmental Protection Agency has
shown substantially elevated levels ot radioactive radon (radium
emanation) and its decay products in buildings constructed on reclaimed
phosphate mined lands in Polk County, Florida, continuous exposure tor
10 years could double the normal risk of lung cancer tor people living
in the buildings. Uranium concentrations in Florida pnosphate rocks are
generally 100 to 150 parts per million, while most United States soils
contain 0. 5 to 10 parts per Billion. Usually tnese phospaate deposits
lie several feet beneath an overburden of soil, and rock which absorbs
•ost of the radiation. Bemoval of this layer during mining allots
increased amounts of radiation to be released. The Occupational Safety
and Health Administration has proposed the reduction of permissible
employee exposure limit to lead from the present limit of 200
micro grams lead per cu m of air to 100 •icrograns per cu m. It has also
proposed a maximum blood lead level of to micrograms per 100 y of
blood. Lead industry officials immediately took issue with the
standards. Even during a time of high employment and rising fuel costs
the public does not want to cut back, on environmental programs. This is
the conclusion of a June 1975 survey i;y the Opinion Research
Corporation. Four mining companies are planning to use sewer effluent
water for their ore processing operation. Ose of the treated water
would help stretch underground reserves in tne area, The water table is
going down each year Baking pumpiug operatiohs expensive. It is
estimated that the mines may buy as much as 25 Billion of the 33
million gal per day generated by the sewage treatment plant.
(12) KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; EFFLUENT; EMVIBOMHEDT; EPA; HEALTH; NINE;
HON-FBRHOOS; PEBSOMNEL; PHOSPhATE; BADIOACT1VE; SEWAGE; STANDARD;
SURVEY; TOXIC; TRBATHENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS34517
(16) DOC.CIT.: Alexander, C. Emphasizing environment. Mining
Bngineenng. 27(11) :59, Nov. 1975.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) (.ATlniOfiY: 09 (2) SU6J.TYPE: S (10) PU£i.
SiAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The problem of subsurface, radioactive-contaminant
transfer is investigated through the development of a two-dimensional
lodel which considers the simultaneous flow ol water and mass. 1 a
addition to convection and dispersion, the model treats radioactive
decay and cation exchange which are two ot the sost important
attentuatiou processes. Tne influence of factors, unicn control the
transport processes subsutidce contaminant distributions, is
demonstrated through the siauiation and analysis of a series 01
hypothetical cases. Physical transport processes, hydraulic
conductivity, porous medium dispersivity and the location of the
contaminant intlow zone are considered to be tne controlling parameters
for the physical transport processes. The attenuation processes art
controlled by the radioactive Hair-life, selectivity coef ticient.s,
310
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RADIOACTIVE WASTES
cation-exchange capacity, ion charge, and weathering rate. The maximum
extent of subsurface contamination m all cases is determined by tne
physical transport processes. The complexity of the transport process
suggests that evaluations or jite behavior which are based on rigid
guidelines are inadequate tor siting and designing waste management
sites and for insuring the safety or water supplies.
(12) KEYWORDS: BIBLIOGIUPHY; DECOMPOSE; DESIGN; DISPOSAL;
BAZAfittOUS; HYDRAULIC; HANAGJiHilNI; POLLUTION; PROCESS; S flDIO/vcTIV t,;
EESEAHCH; SAFETY; SITES; TtfANSPOKT; HATtB
(15) SUMS ACC.HO.: OOS34457
(18) DOC.CIl.: Schwartz, *'. H. On radioactive waste management: ait
analysis of the parameters controlling subsurface contaainant transfer.
Jcutnal of Hydrology, 27 (1975) :5 1-7 1, 1975.
(t) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 034641
(2) DOflESTIC: P (2} CATEGORY: 09 (2) SOBJ.TYH.: X (10) i>UB.
IBA8: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This work is a literature survey ot selected
articles published between 19t>9 and 1974 dealing with the use ot
sorDents in the purification of low-and medium-level radioactive
waters. It also surveys selected work in the synthesis and laboracory
testing of new sorbents. The ten sorDents, in this review refers to
the substances in which there is pronounced accumulation of
microconstituents fro* solutions and which are not components of living
organisms. Apart from a few exceptions, tne review does not deal with
sorbents prepared either from costly or from toxic elements. Nor does
the review cover the use of ion-exchange membranes ana other types of
membranes for the purpose mentioned ot on sorbents of cranium and its
compounds. Under these restrictions, then, the following elements are
not reviewed: vanadiam; niooiun; tantalum; chroniun; molybdenum;
tungsten; cobalt; nickel; silver; gold; boron; gallium; beryllium;
cadmium; mercury; and arsenic. The review ties up witn two manuals
published by the International Atomic Energy Agency iu Vienna. Taey are
"operation and Control of Ion-exchange Processes for Treatment of
Radioactive tfastes" and "Use of Local Minerals in the 1'reatBent of
Radioactive Hastes. *
(t2) KEYWORDS: blBLlOGSAPHY; LA'1'A; LITERATOhE; KJfalFll-Al'lOIJ;
RADIOACTIVE; SORvfiY; WAIEk
(15) ST1BS ACC.SO.: 00333665
(t8) DOC.CIT.: berate, L. , Euher, and H. Harhol. i»rbents for the
purification of low-and medium-level radioactive waters. Keviev of
developments, 19t>J-197U. Atomic fcnergy Review, 13 (2) : J2b-3b6, June 1975.
(t) StoJRS ACC.MO.: Q3H212
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOfcY: 09 (2) oUbJ.TitPJi: T (1U) PUB.
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: the researcners give an account ot the present
situation in studies of the extraterrestrial msposai oi radioactive
wastes in all aspects including technical ana economic feasibility . Horizawu. Hosnasei haiicibutsu no
uchu shoiiuu. Extraterrestrial disposal of radioactive wastes.
Senshiryoku Kogyo, 21 (3):Jl-«1, Bar. 1975.
311
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) SMIRb ACC.dO.: 034131
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATBGOB5T: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPi: T (10) PUB.
XBAR; 1*75
111) ABSTRACT: Jfhis article discusses tne long tera hazards
involved in the management of nuclear wastes. Kuratoa's Joint Research
Centre at Ispra, Italy, is in ves lighting the profii««s involved in the
separation of actinides, whica are the «ost long lasting radioactive
isotopes produced in nuclear power stations, from otner radioactive
wastes and has evaluated the .benefits that chemical separation of the
actinides would entail for radioactive waste management. 1'hese
investigations indicate that the hazards of radioactive waste
management could be reduced by a i actor of between 1,000 and 10,000
turough the decontamination ot the low level, snort-lived isotopes.
Different techniques ior separating actinides fro» ni^h activity waste
would allow for various levels 01 decontamination. However., even if the
actinides can tie separated from tue reprocessed nuclear fuel, the
methods ior the safe disposal of the separated actinides and the amount
and quality of th« additional wastes generated by the separation
process will need to tie examined ana evaluated.
(12) KEYWORDS: UENEflT; DISPOSAL; FUEL; hAZAHUOUS; INVESTIGATION;
ISOTOPE; MANAGEMENT; PLANT-IKDUSriilAL; PO«EB; PaOi»L£Bi; RADIOACTIVE;
SEPARATING
(15) Si-IMS ACC.NO.: 00aj317i>
lib) i.OC.CIT.: Nuclear vaste: lon>j term hazards. Ken scientist,
67(iJ57):yi, Juxy 10, 1975.
(1) SW1RS ACC.HO.: U34006
(2) 00HEST1C: P (2) CA'fEGOhJ: 0V U} iiUBJ.rYPE: G (10) PUh.
YBAK: 1975
(11) AbSTRACT: A reiote control nuiiature field car, developed as
part of a safety device project sponsored by the Bonn Ministry of
Research and Technology at Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, West
Germany, can handle and transport nuclear fuel and wai.te saiely.
Equipped with a yeiyer counter, temperature sensors and stereo
microphones, the car homes in on its target, moves its ar» into
position and analyzes its target with an array of spotlight, stereo and
closed-circuit TV caneras and aerials. The equipment is only J. B8 »
long and can easily Dt; shipped or flown by helicopter to toe .location
where its services would be required.
(12) RECORDS: isQDIPflEMT; HAZABUOUS ; nOdll'Oh; RAU10ACXI v£;
TBAUSPOhT
(15) STiflS ACC.NO.: UOS33050
(1bj DOC.C1T.: Mews in i,net . South African Mining and Engineering
Journal, 68 (*» 102) :97, Mar. 1975.
(11 ShlRb ACC.NO.: 0334-*!
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATBGGhl: 09 (2} SUaj.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
XEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A new regulatory guide is presentee, for leakage
tests on packages for snij-nent of radioactive materials. The guide is
in series and serves to moke avaij.aDlt? to the public aethods accpetable
to the National Kegulatory staff 01 xapleientiug specific parts of the
Commission «s regulations and to delineate tecuniques used by the staff
in evaluating specitic problens or postulated accidents. It also
provides guidance to applicants on inioriation needed uy the statt in
its review of applications tor peri^ts and licences.
(12) KEYKORDb: KlSPOSAt ; J'KDchiL; GOViRNMh«r; HAb/iRDOUS; I'UjsLIC;
RAD10AC11VE; REGULATIONS
(15) ST1W5 ACC.NO.: OOSJ246!)
(18) ixjc.cir.: Nuceidr reyuldtoiy commission: leaxaye tests.
Federal Register, 40 (11 7) :2564/, June IV,
(1) Si«Ifii> ACC.NO.:
(2) IJOflEbl'IC: F (2)
CATEGORY: 09 (2)
.T5( i-L: S (10) PUB.
(11) AtiSi'SACT:
important tnai.
yuestio.i: Is power from nuclear sources nore
engendered by thu sanie nuclear sources? Plutonium,
312
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
the »ost hazardous factor iu th« auciear scheme, can oe transmitted
into the environment during by-product disposal which takes place in
the ocean, or toy disruption to the storage areas of high activity
wastes. Also radiation danger to workers in plutonj.ua fabrication
plants is a big problem. Lack, of direct data in the area of
radiological protection of personnel exposed tx> plutonium adds to the
problem of control exposure. Time is a factor in the assessment of
plutonian and whether its advantages are greater than its risks.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ENVIUONHtUT; HA2.AKDOUS; IE8SGNNKL;
RADIOACTIVE; SAFETY; STORAGE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.; OOS324S3
(18) DOC.C1T.: Plutonium-the risks TS. the benefits. Laboratory
Practice, 10(4) :47, Jan. 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 033364
(2) DOBESTIC: F (2) CATEtiOKI: (iy {2} SOBJ.TYtE: T (10) PUB.
YBAHt 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: In the highly radioactive wastes arising by fluoride
processing of nuclear fuel troi fast reactors, most of the fission
products are adsorbed on granulated alumina. With the planned operation
of nuclear establishments in Czecnoslovakia, the production of
contaminated aluminum hydroxide should attain roughly 10 tons annually
in the 19BO's and gore than 200 tons by the end of the century. It is
necessary to solve the probien of disposal of such large quantities of
dangerous materials in the densely populated country. Into basalt,
which has already been proved as a suitable fixation medium for liguid
radioactive waste, it is possible to fuse further 30 percent aluminum
hydroxide without affecting negatively its properties. Basalt from the
Slapany locality has been proved to be a suitable fixation »eaiu» for
fast reactor wastes. During the heat treatment process it is possible
to o»it the recrystallization stage, thus rendering tne process
economically sore advantageous. (Teit in Czech)
(12) KEYWORDS: ALUMINUM; CHKH1CAL; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; DISPOSAL;
ISOTOPE; PH; PROCESS; RADIOACTIVE
(15) STIMS ACC.SO.: OOS32408
(18) DOC.C1T.: Ralkova, J „ , J. Pribyl. Prispevek k likvidaci
radioaXtivnich odpadu z rychlych reaktocu. A contribution to the
disposal of radioactive waste fro* fast reactors. CesJcoslovenska
Afcadeaie Ved 19(1): 69-75, 1975.
(t) SBIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATKGGhX: 0* (2) SUbJ.TItK: S; T (10) PUB.
YEAS: 197b
(11) ABSTRACT: Nuclear yroceiisin^ pxantii ttpply the Puirex process,
or variations ot it, almost ex.ciusive.i-y for extractive separation and
decontamination of uranium, neptunium, and plutoniua irom each otner
and from inpurities. As an exLractant, vri-n-butyl phosphate or TbP,
which is usually dilutee with saturated axiphatic hyarocaroons, such as
n-dodecane or refined kerosenes, is ui;ea. In the furex process, the TBP
as veil as the dilutent, and degraded cy radiation ana leaciive
chemicals. Degradation of the extractant phase causes a series ot
unfavorable effects on the extraction process and equipment operation,
such as loss of uranium and plutonium to waste streams and poor
separation of the solvent phase, ana the formation ana deposition of
solids. Currently used processes to minimize these disadvantages are
considered, however, for the most part, they are not satisfactory.
However, a new process aas iieeu developed for safe anu economic
treatment and disposal of spent TaP-kerosene mixtures which is tree of
tne disadvantages of the currently used treatment techniques. Tnis
process has been designated the Eurocnenic organic waste treatment
process, abbreviated the Eurowatt process. A aetaileu description of
tae process is contained iu this paper. Althou^a the process wau
313
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
developed specifically for tne treatment of spent TbP-kerosene
Mixtures, it is applicable to other solvent types also.
(12) KEYWORDS: AMALXSIS; CHEMICAL; CONVERT; DESItM; DISPOSAL;
EBEBSSf; IHDUSTRJ; LIQUID; PROCESS; hADIOACTIVi,; RKSEAKCh; SOLID;
SOLVENT; TREATMENT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.; OOS31539
(t8J DOC.CIT.: Salomon, L. , h. Eschrich, and L. Humblet. treatment
and disposal of tributyl phosphate-kerosene waste by the Eurowatt
process. The American Nuclear society Transactions, 29(1-820):<»63-665,
1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.so.: 03247tt
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEtiOhX: 09 (2) i>OBJ.TJ(PE: S; X [10) PUB.
YEAfii 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Most of the high-level radioactive waste at the
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory is generated during the
reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel at the Idano Chemical
Processing-Plant. The fuel coaes from nuclear reactors that use. highly
enriched uraniun-235 fuel. Host of the high-level radioactive waste is
first-cycle raffinate from solvent extraction ot dissolved fuel
solutions. This waste is self-heating in botn the liquid and solid
foras. Management of these trastes is perfumed in accordance with the
latest requirements and regulations tor such waste. Liquid Haste is
stored safely in doubly contained tanks made of steel. The liquid waste
is calcined to a solid and stored safely in underground bins. The
calcine can be treated or left untreated in anticipation of ultimate
storage. Fluidized bed calcination has been applied to aany types of
high—level radioactive wastes. The environmental impact of the wastes
at the Idaho chemical Processing Plant has been negligible and should
continue to be so.
(12) KEXUORDS: CONTA1NEB; COKVEMI; DESIGN; DISPOSAL; EHV1BOHMENT;
FACILITY; FLUIDIZED BED; FUEL; Ii;AHO; LIQUID; MAHA6KHEDT; RADIOACTIVE;
SITES; SOLID; STORAGE
(15) STIfIS ACC.NO.: OOS315^
(IB) DOC.CIT.: Slansky, G. C. H. Kadioactive waste management.
Chemtech, 160-164, Mar. 1975.
(.1) SMIRS ACC.BO.: 032472
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAKCOH*: OS (2) SOBJ.TIPE: S; T (10) POB.
YEAfi: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The reprocessing of irradiated fuels produces liquid
•ediun level wastes. Since 1V66 sucb wastes have Been stored on the
Eurocnemic site in belgiun in uncollea steel tanks. Before transporting
these wastes to an interim storage facility, it is necessary to convert
them to a water-insoiuble, solid form. This is done in a two-step
process: chemical pretreataent, to insoiubilize the radionaclides to
eliminate corrosion risks and uncontrollable thermal reactions; and,
homogeneous incorporation of the slurry resulting from the chemical
pretreataent into bituaen aiotg with the simultaneous evaporation ot
vater to obtain solid bitiuicn waste, i'his product is poured into dru*s
suited for interim storage ana tinal disposal, rhts report described
the bituainization and storage instaxiations, evaluates tne hazards
involved, and analyzes the aaiety aspects ot the operations with regard
to public nealtn and environmental considerations.
112} KErrfORBS: toELGlUfi; CONTAINER; CONVERT; DISPOSAL; EMVIRONHEHf;
FACXLlfi; LIQUID; PBOCESS; KADIOACTIVi,; SAFETI; SITES; SOLID; STOHAGE;
IttASSPOKT
STIflS ACC.NO.: OOSjIblb
DOC.CIT.: Medium level waste bituminization plant and
engineered storage facility at Eurocrienic. Tne American Nuciear society
Transactions, 20 (1-c20) :o5o-661, 1V75.
(1) SB1HS ACC.NO.: 032471
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CA T£GOi< X: Oy (Z) SUfcJ.l'KPE: S; r (10) POM.
XEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: All liquid radioactive wastes »ust be solidified in
order co prevent the release of radionuclides to the environment. There
314
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
are two industrial processes xor the solidification o± low and nediun
level liquid wastes: uituaenization and cementation. The disadvantages
to the latter incluae: formation of heterogeneous blocus; incoaplete
setting of ceient with sone evaporation concentrates; poor resistance
of solidified wastes to climatic variations aad shocks, high leaching
rate, ana increased voluae after pacKing. Mainly tor these reasons,
France uses nostiy bitaniuination. i'he uituninization process consists
of thoroughly aixing these cold liyuid wastes with hot Ditu»ea fed at
its pumping temperature or with cola tiituainous eaulsion, and perrectly
dehydrating the coated product ty proyressiveiy heating tue soluble and
iusoluble salts and Dituaen. These two processes are carried out
siaultaneousiy in a continuous operating evaporator. This paper
discussed the saiety proclens associated with radioactive wastes
solidified oy bitumen.
(12) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; COHPAfiiSGN; UONCjiEl'E; CuhTAINEh; COHVBftT;
DISPOSAL; ENVIKOHMENr; FKANUi; LIQUID; WUbLfcflS; i-BOCESS; RADIOACTIVE;
SAFETY; SOLID; STORAGE
(IS) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOSJlbli
C\a) DOC.CII.: Lefiilatre, G. , and j. Leconnetabie. bituniiiization
of radioactive wastes: sarety prod tuts and applicatiou tields. The
American Nuclear Society Transactions, 20 (1-620) :fabV-65tj,
(1) i«lRJ> ACC.jlO.: OJ24/0
(2) OOMBST1C: D (2) CATEiiUHX: 0» (2) SUfcJ.TYPE: S; T (10) It-Da.
YEAR: 19V5
(11J A&STSACt: It is iairly comoiou practice to convert liquid and
slurry toras of radioactive waste to ^oiids betore storage or
transport. Kcouonical operation ot centralized facilities requires
relatively high throughputs of radioactive material, owing to this
factor and the increased dirticulties ol transport-ing liquid and slurry
radioactive wastes on public roadways, a Bobile waste solidification
systea is proposed, the design ot sucn a proposed unit is described.
The advantages oi such a unit include: the resulting transportation of
only solid wastes; the specific invtstaect costs to reactor owners are
lower for the lower throughputs because no costs for location,
building, and infrastructure are required; one oobile unit can service
light-water reactors, nowever, it could also
treat ion exchange material.
(12) KEYWORDS: COfcrAISEa; CONVKhT; JLSI«B; ECOHOMiCb; EglllPrtEMT;
FACILITY; I0» £XCfcA«G2; LIQUID; MoV*i>LE; PfiOCKiij; fiaiiiuACriVi.1; SLUSHY;
SOLID; STORAGK; TRAMSfOhT
ST1MS ACC.BO.: OOSJ1S1U
UOC.CIT.: Shank, E. ft. uituminizatiou of liguid and slurry
radioactive waste in a vouile unit. The American HUclear society
Transactions, 20 I1-b2o) :6o1-bo2, I97b.
(1) SWIRS ACC.SO.: 0324bi*
(2) iiOflESriC: D (2) CATEGOKX: df (2) SubJ.XYl'E: S; T (10) PUB.
YE Ah: 1*7!>
(11) ABSTRACT: I'he ofclsenbeix Lompuny of Jerffl
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
advantages of usiug this process tor tn<; uoiidif icatiou 01 liquid high
level radioactive wastes.
(12) KEYWORDS: AHALiSIS; CHEMICAL; t_OdVt«l'; GLASS; Li^UiU; Bti'AL;
PHOSPHATt; PROBLtas; PrtOCESb; fcAwIOAC'i'I V£; RESEAWCH; SLUhRY; SOLID;
TB EAT BEST
(15) STiaS ACC.NO.: 005315 lj
(1b) DGC.CII. : Heimeri, H . * new method ror the fixation of high
level radioactive vaster. Toe American nuclear Society transactions,
20 (1-820) :669-o71, 1975.
(1) SHiHi> ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) UUEGOkY: 0* (t) SUbJ.TYPE: S; I (10) PUB.
IBAK: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: All liyht-*ater reactors have radioactive or f gas
effluents which aust ue treated to reduce the radioactivity prior to
release to the environment. Good operating practice as wei.1 as
governmental regulations mandate uceaLnent systems. Basically, there
are two nays of dealing witn radioactive wastes; temporary storage to
permit vost of tlie short-lived uucliaes to decay natiuaily, and removal
for peraanent storage. Treataent ;;ysteas lor the ladioactive orcgasses
generated in pressurized-»ater reactors and i)aning-«ater reactors are
described, with the commonly eapioyed reduction processes, to «eet
increasingly stringent requirements ror gaseous radioactive emissions.
Although the naiu purpose ol these systems is to reduce radioactivity,
they are also designed to optimize reliaflilit y, laintuicauility ,
safety, and cost.
(t2) KEYWORDS: ANALYSIS; DESIGN; fcN VlfiOKfliMf; EuUiP«£Nr; GA.SS£S;
PLANT-IHi;USXElAL; PO« EB ; KAUlOACTIV i; fifcDOC'X'lUJ* ; KEGUiJV f IONS; SAFilTY;
STOhAGE; SSfSTEB; TBEATMLNI
(tf>) M'lHS ACC.NO.: OOS31504
(lo) DOC.CI1.: Stewart, J- i.. , aud H. A. Knandar. Radwaste
reduction techniques tor LUK gaseous effluents. Tne American Nuclear
Society transactions, 20 (1-b20) :b49-6^4 , 1975.
(1) SHIMS ACC.NO.: 0324 59
(2) OOBESTIC: D (2) CATEGOHS: o« (2) SOBJ.l'YJ^Ji: b; T ( lU) fOB.
TEAK: 1975
(11) AUSl'RACT: hith the expansion and developnent of nuclear
programs, it is necessary to also develop adequate, reliable systems
for dealing wita the large aaountii ot radioactive wastes that are
produced. Radioactive waste management practices tor liquid, solid and
gaseous Hastes generated at pressurized-vater reactors are discussed
with frequent reference to operating experience at existing facilities.
Unfortunately, in many instances, too little attention is given to
unsatisfactory experiences. It is stressed that waste treatnent systems
• ust lie viewed as a whole. The Various i unctions of such treatment
stations, being strongly interconnected and haviny numerous
interactions, require that ttie different i,arts of tne system ana their
ancillaries be adapted and coordinated to each otner to achieve
operable and economical plants.
(12) KEY*ORDS: ANALYSIS; t«i.8Gi; i.«VIttONB£fcX; FAClLlii; GASSSb;
LIQUID; SANAGEHjiNT; i-LA*T-lNDO blitiAi-; POiifcR; PKUBLEHS; KAUIUACTlVi, ;
SAPEH; SOLID; SYSTbfl; TRtATHtNT
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOSJ150J
(18) DOC.CIT.: lletgan, L. , G. Gallois, J. Heiitrez, and J. i.torrer.
Trends for PWfi radwaste treatneat stations a basis of present
experience. The American Nuclear iocxtty Transactions,
(1) SWISS ACC.NO. : 032407
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CAT hiGOblf; 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) ±>Ub.
YlAfi: 1975
(11) ABSlRAcT: bLitisn Nuclear fuels Ltd. is currently storing its
tulky radioactive wastes as liguius 111 stainless stttl tan*s surrounded
ty tiiicx concrtte shielding. However, as the expected use 01 nuclear
fuels will increase greatly, new Methods are. bein>j sought. Storage ox,
the wastes as solids would nave tne advantages o± ^iinpliried
surveillance and the feasibility ot transporting the containers iron
316
-------
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
cue site to an ether it deeaed necessary. A new process, a form of
nitrification, has been proved ou au experimental scale, and a
full-scale demonstration plant is planned for completion tiy the
iid-1980's.
(12) KEXWOHDS; CHEMICAL; CONTAINED; FACILITY; FUEL; tiaEAT
HAZARDOUS; LIO.UIC; flOBITGB; i-LAWNiNG; PROCESS; feAUIOACTlWfi; SITriS;
SOLID; STORAGE; THAMSPORT
(15) suns ACC.NO. : OOS31451
(18) DOC.CI'I.; Beatson, C. ttuclear wastes stored as solids. The
iugineer, 7, Feb. 6, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.tfO.: 032123
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY; 0* (2) SOBJ-iTPE: S; X (10)
XEAB: 1975
(11) AbSTHACT: Permanent disposal of nuclear wastes, is a proclem
with no immediate feasible solution, i'he United States has already
produced radioactive wastes taat will reaain axghly toxic foe up to
250,000 years; and there are no permanent sites available foe disposal.
Tie salt, beas in Bexico which have i*een stable lor ^50 million years
have been considered as possible sites, out taey will not be ready tor
about 20 years. Meanwhile, temporary sites are ueiny explored, one such
proposal is to solidify the toxic wastes and seal then iu 10 It high,
2-ton steel canisters and then eaued them in concrete casks. The 70 -ton
casks would then be erected on a barren plot and stored on the surface.
This would leave thei vulnerable to aircraft attack. Burying thea oelow
the surface would require a »ore complicated cooling system. Scneses
that have already been rejected are rocxeting the wastes out into
space, letting thea aelt into the poi^r ice caps, or Keeping then
•oving in railroad cars. The Energy Research and ue?eiopaent
Administration estimate a that by 2000, 60 million gal of wastes will be
produced. Permanent disposal needs will not i>e critical until then and
hopefully, new techniques will oe available by then.
(12) KEIMOHDS: BUB!; CO NT A IN £H; DISPOSAL; GUV EftMHtNT ; UA^AfiDOUS;
LIQUID; HEX1CO; fiADIOACTIVE; SAIL HAOL; RAILHOAD CAH; SALT; SiTKS;
SOLID; SPACE CRAFT; STORAGE; TOIIC; OS
(15) SIIHS ACC.HO.: OOS31167
(16) DOC. C IT-: ihe deadly dilesaa ol nuclear wastes. Knvirounent,
70-71, Har. 3, 1*75.
(1) 3WIRS ACC.NO.:
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATt-JdhY: 09 (i) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) FOB.
TEAK: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This paper was presented at the tirst European
Nuclear Conference held 01. April 21 to 25, 1975, in Paris, France. It
deals with the nature of radioactive wastes generated in the various
sectors of the nuclear tut.l cycle and their management. The wastes may
be characterized as mill- tailings, low level liquid and ^olid wastes,
qaseous wastes, and wastes containing plutonium and other actinides.
Management technologies lor these wastes are developed. Additional
technologies that currently receive attention are: 1) perpetual
isolation within tne earth until tiit process of natural decay converts
the radionuclides to a stable state; 2) removal rrom the earth by
prelection into space, and 3) transmutation or the long-lived
radionuclides to stable or short-lived radionuclides. Presently
acceptable, but rot implemented methods ol radioactive waste management
cr disposal metnoJs involve uotii engineered storage and geolocjij
storage of solidified hiqJi- level wastes. There is also very little
cooperation between nations in the implementation o£ radioactive waste
management practices. Radioactive waste management should be viewed as
a local, regional, and gloual proolem both in the short-run and
lonq-run terms.
(12) KEYHOHDS: DISt'GijAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; FRANCE; GOVtrtNMfcM;
HAZARDOUS; INTERNATIONAL; AMi aGiirit NT ; PROCESS; RADIO ACTIVE; HEGIUNAL;
RESEARCH
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ1102
(18) DOC.CI1.: Lenneiuarm, H. L. , H. E. Parker, and P. J. hest.
Hanageoent of radioactive wuste^. i he American Nuclt'ar Society
Transactions, 20 (1d2 3) : 6y 0, 1J75.
317
-------
-------
Appendix A
ABBREVIATIONS
Administration
Agrarie
Agricultural
Agriculture
Amer ica(n)
Annals, Annali, Annales
Applied
Archiv (e, es)
Association (cion)
Australasian
Berichte
British
Buildings
Bulletin
Canada(ian)
Chemical, Chemistry
Company
Communication(s)
Control
Conservation Development
Deutschen
Corporation
Department
Division
Energy
Engineer(s)
Engineering
Environment
Environmental
Experimental
Government
Highway(s)
Incorporated
Indian
Industrial
Industry
Institute
Institution
International
Izvestiya
Japan
Japanese
Journal
Laboratory
Limited
Management
Manufacture(r)
Materials
Metallurgical, Metallurgy
Microbiology (leal, ia)
Mining
National
New
Number
Organization
Packaging
Pollution
Proceedings
Production
Admin
Agra
Agr ic
Agri
Amer
Ann
Appl
Arch
Assoc
Austral
Ber
Brit
Bldg(s)
Bull
Can
Chem
Co
Comm
Contr
Conser Devt
Deutsch
Corp
Dept
Div
Ener
Engr (s)
Engring
Env
Environ
Eptl
Govt
Hgwy(s)
Inc
Indn
Indus
Ind
Inst
Instit
Inter
Izv
Jpn
Jpnse
J
Lab
Ltd
Mgmt
Manuf
Mater
Metall
Micro
Mng
Natl
N
No.
Org
Pkg
Poll
Proc
Prod
319
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Professional Prof
Publication(s) Pub(s)
Reclamation Reclam
Report(s) Rpt(s)
Research Rsch
Resource Res
Review(s), Revue, Revista Rev
Service(s) Svc(s)
Science(s) Sci
South S
Technological Technol
Technology, Technische, Techn- Tech
ica , etc.
Toxicology Toxicol
Transactions Trans
Treatment Trtmt
University and variations Univ
United States U.S.
Water Wtr
Wissenschaftlichen Wissen
Zeitschrift Zeit
Zentrallblatt Zent
Zhurnal Zh
320
-------
Appendix B
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS
acre (acre) millimeter (mm)
acre-foot (acre-ft) mile (mile)
centimeter (cm) newton (N)
cubic centimeter (cu cm) one kilogram force (kgf)
cubic foot (cu ft) one pound force (Ibf)
cubic inch (cu in) pascal (Pa)
cubic meter (cu m) pound (Ib)
cubic meters per minute pounds per square foot (psf)
(cu m/min)
pounds per square inch (psi)
cubic yard (cu yd)
square centimeter (sq cm)
ft (ft)
square foot (sq ft)
gallon (gal)
square inch (sq in)
gallons per minute
(gal/min) square kilometer (sq km)
hectare (ha) square meter (sq m)
inch (in) square mile (sq mile)
kilogram (kg) square yard (sq yd)
meter (m) ton (ton)
yard (yd)
Months of the Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug .
Sep .
Oct.
Nov.
Dec .
321
-------
Appendix C
LANGUAGE CODES
Language
Code
Mixed
Afrikaans
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
Armenian
Belorussian
(White Russian)
Bulgarian
Burmese
Cambodian
Cantonese
Chinese
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Estonian
Finnish
Flemish
French
Georgian
German
Greek
Gujarat!
Hebrew
Hindi
Hindustani
Hungarian (Magyar)
Icelandic
Indonesian
Italian
Japanese
Javanese
Kashmiri
Khmer
Kirundi
Korean
Latin
Latvian
Lithuanian
AA
AF
AL
AR
AR
AE
BE
BU
BR
CA
CH
CH
CR
CZ
DA
DU
EN
ES
FI
FL
FR
GE
GM
GR
GU
HE
HI
HI
HU
1C
MI
IT
JA
JV
KA
CA
KI
KO
LA
LN
LI
Language
Llngala
Macedonian
Malayan
Malayalam
Malay-Indonesian
Malagasy
Maltese
Mandarin
Marachi
Mongolian
Nepali
Ngala
Norwegian
Papuan
Persian
Polish
Portugese
Punjabi
Pustu
Romanian
Russian
Rwanda
Servian
Sinhalese
Slovak
Slovene
Somali
Spanish
Swahili
Swedish
Tagalog
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Tibetan
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Vietnamese
White Russian
Yiddish
Code
NG
MC
ML
MA
MI
MS
MT
CH
MR
MO
HE
NG
NO
PA
PE
PO
PR
PU
PS
RO
RU
RW
SE
SI
SL
SV
SO
SP
SW
SD
TA
TM
TE
TH
TI
TU
UK
UR
VI
BE
YI
322
-------
Appendix D
HIERARCHIC TERMS
1AC ACCIDENT
(See also PETROCHEMICALS)
1AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
(See also ANIMALS, MANURE, FOOD PROCESSING)
2C8 CROP RESIDUE
2LW LOGGING WASTES
2PT PROCESSING
2OT UTILIZATION
1AI AIR POLLUTION
2AN ANALYSIS
2C2 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
2DU DUMPS
2FD FEEDLOTS
2IC INCINERATOR
2IN INDUSTRY
2LF LAWS
2SQ SMOKE CONTROL
1AL ALGAE
(.See MICROORGANISM)
IAN ANALYSIS
1AQ ANIMALS
(See also MANURE)
2 CD CARCASS
2FD FEEDLOTS
2VC VECTOR CONTROL
1AS ASH
2CN COMPOSITION
2DP DISPOSAL
2UT UTILIZATION
1AU AUTOMOBILES
2BU BURNING
2CL COLLECTION
2C6 COSTS
2DP DISPOSAL
21C INCINERATION
2LF LAWS
2QU QUANTITY
2RT RAIL TRANSPORT
2TT TRANSPORT
2UT UTILIZATION
2VR VOLUME REDUCTION
1AY AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
(See also AUTOMOBILES)
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
323
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
1BC
1BL
1BU
BACTERIA
CSee MICROORGANISMS)
1CF
1CH
BALING
2ET
2PD
2SC
BULKY WASTES
2CL
2 DP
2TT
2UT
2VR
CELLULOSE
CHEMICALS
2 IN
EQUIPMENT
PAPER
SCRAP METAL
COLLECTION
DISPOSAL
TRANSPORT
UTILIZATION
VOLUME REDUCTION
2PC
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1CL
ICO
1CP
ICQ
COLLECTION
CSee also
2CJ
2CM
2CZ
2C1
2C6
2ET
2FR
2 IN
2IW
2LF
2MY
2PH
2PQ
2RO
2RW
2TU
COMPACTION
2ET
COMPOST
2AN
2 HE
2MG
2UT
COMPOSTING
2CC
2CF
2C6
2DP
2ET
2HE
2IC
2 IT
2LF
2MX
CONTAINERS)
CHUTE SYSTEMS
COMMERCIAL WASTES
CONTAINERS
CONTRACTORS
COSTS
EQUIPMENT
FREQUENCY
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
LAWS
MUNICIPAL WASTES
PERSONNEL
PNEUMATIC
ROUTES
RURAL AREAS
TRUCKS
EQUIPMENT
ANALYSIS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
MARKETS
UTILIZATION
TANNERY WASTES
CELLULOSE
COSTS
DISPOSAL
EQUIPMENT
HEALTH AND SAFETY
INCINERATION
INSTALLATIONS
LAWS
METHODS
324
-------
HIERARCH TERMS
2PD PAPER
2PS PROBLEMS
2SI SEPARATION OF NON-ORGANICS
2SP SLUDGE
1CT COMPUTER
(See MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING)
1CX CONSTRUCTION
(See also DEMOLITION WASTES)
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1CZ CONTAINERS
2OP DISPOSAL
IDA DAIRY (INDUSTRY)
IDE DEEP WELL STORAGE
1DM DEMOLITION WASTES
(See also CONSTRUCTION)
1DP DISPOSAL
(See also INDIVIDUAL METHODS)
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2CM COMMERICAL WASTES
2C6 COSTS
2DG DREDGING
2FC FACILITIES
2HC HAZARDOUS WASTE
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2MX METHODS
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2RP RESEARCH
2RV RURAL AREAS
1DR DRUGS
(See also PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES)
1DU DUMPS
2EL ELIMINATION
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2LF LAWS
1EC ECONOMICS
2C6 COSTS
2MG MARKETS
2TX TAXES
1EI EDUCATION
2PH PERSONNEL
2PO PROFESSIONAL
2PV PUBLIC
325
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
1EN ENERGY
2EC ECONOMICS
2RD REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
2UT UTILIZATION
1EP ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
1ET EQUIPMENT
2AN ANALYSIS
2BR BALERS
2CL COLLECTION
2CO COMPACTION
2C3 CONVEYOR
2HM HAMMERMILLING
2MH MATERIALS HANDLING
2SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
2SG SANITARY LANDFILL
2SI SEPARATORS - FITTERS
2SK SHEARING
2SL SHREDDING
2SU SPREADING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2WT WASTEWATER TREATMENT (CONTROL EQUIPMENT)
1FE FERTILIZER
(.See also COMPOST, HAZARDOUS)
2DP DISPOSAL
2RF REFUSE DERIVED FERTILIZER
1FI FIRE
1FL FLY ASH
2AN ANALYSIS
2DP DISPOSAL
2MS MINE STABILISATION
2RC RECOVERY OF CONSTITUENTS
2SS SOIL CONDITIONER
2UT UTILIZATION
3AR AGGREGATE
1FO FOOD PROCESSING WASTES
2BG BAGASSE
2BK BAKERY
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESS!*^
2BW BREWERY
2CC CANNERY
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2CK COFFEE
2DA DAIRY
2DP DISPOSAL
2FR FRUITS
2GF GRAIN AND FEED CROPS
2MF MEAT PACKING PLANTS
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2MU MOLASSES
2PA POULTRY
2SE SEAFOOD
2SO SLAUGHTERHOUSE
2SX SUGAR
2UT UTILIZATION
2VG VEGETABLE
1FO FUNGI
(See MICROORGANISMS)
1GA GARBAGE GRINDING
326
-------
HIERARCH TERMS
1GL GLASS
2IN INDUSTRIAL PASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1GR GRANTS
1GW GROUND WATER
1HC HAZARDOUS WASTES
(See also RADIOACTIVE WASTES, HOSPITALS, PESTICIDES)
2AN ANALYSIS
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
1HE HEALTH ANE SAFETY
1HH HEAT RECOVERY
(See INCINERATION)
1HO HOG FEEDING
IBS HOSPITALS
(See also INSTITUTIONAL WASTES; HAZARDOUS WASTES)
2CL COLLECTION
2DI DISPOSABLE ITEMS
2DP DISPOSAL
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IC INCINERATION
1IC INCINERATION
(See also SPECIFIC WASTES)
2AI AIR POLLUTION
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2CQ COMPOSTING
2C6 COSTS
2EM EMISSIONS
2ET EQUIPMENT
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2MC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2OS ON SITE
2PE PLANT DESIGN
2PG PLANT OPERATION
2PS PROBLEMS
2RS RESIDUE
2SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
2WA WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
2WE WATER POLLUTION
HE INCINERATOR
2FB FLUIDIZED BED
20P OPEN PIT
2RK ROTARY KILN
2SP SLUDGE
2ST SPECIAL PURPOSE
327
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
UN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
(See also SPECIFIC INDUSTRY, SPECIFIC TREATMENT METHODS)
2AN ANALYSIS
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CG CENTRALIZED DISPOSAL PLANT?
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2EF EFFLUENT CHARGES
2LF LAWS
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2PY PYROLYSIS
2SJ SEWAGE
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2UT UTILIZATION
IIS INSECTS
1IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1LC LAGOONS
1LD LAND RECLAMATION
(See also MINES, SANITARY LANDFILL)
1LF LAWS
2CL COLLECTION
2DP DISPOSAL
2ER ENFORCEMENT
2FF FEDERAL
2IB INTERNATIONAL
2MB MUNICIPAL
2SW STATE
1LH. LEACHATE
(.See also SANITARY LANDFILL, WATER POLLUTION)
1LR LITTER
2CB CAMPAIGNS
2C6 COST OF REMOVAL
2RJ RECREATION AREAS
1LU LUMBER
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
IMA MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2C7 COUNTY
2FF FEDEPAL
2IB INTERNATIONAL
2MB MUNICIPAL
2RI REGIONAL
2RW RURAL
2SW STATE
2TQ TECHNIQUES
328
-------
HIERARCH TERMS
1MB MANURE
CSee also ANIMALS)
2CE CATTLE
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2PA POULTRY
2PT PROCESSING
2SL SHEEP
2SN STORAGE
2SZ SWINE
2UT UTILIZATION
IMG MARKETS
1MI METAL, FERROUS
2EC ECONOMICS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2SC SCRAP
2SN SLAG
2SY SWARF
1MK METAL, NON-FERROUS
2AM ALUMINUM
2C4 COPPER
2EC ECONOMICS
2HV HEAVY
2LB LEAD
2NI NICKEL
2PK PRECIOUS METALS
2TI TIN
2ZI ZINC
1MM MICROORGANISMS
1MO MINERALS
1MR MINES
CSee also LAND RECLAMATION)
1MT MINING INDUSTRY
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1MV MONITORING
1MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
(See also REFUSE)
2CO COMPACTION
2DP DISPOSAL
2SH SEPARATION
2TT TRANSPORT
2UT UTILIZATION
1NO NOISE
IOC OCEAN DISPOSAL
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2 IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
329
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
2IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2IX INTERNATIONAL CONTROL
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2SP SLUDGE
10F ODOR CONTROL
lOL OIL
IPS PACKAGING WASTES
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1PD PAPER AND PULP
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2NE NEWSPAPERS
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1PF PATHOGENIC WASTES
1PH PERSONNEL
1PJ PESTICIDES
1PL PETROCHEMICALS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2OI OIL SPILLS
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1PN PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES
1PP PLANNING
1PR PLASTICS
2 IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1PT PROCESSING
1PV PUBLIC RELATIONS
(See EDUCATION)
1PY PYROLYSIS
(See also INCINERATION)
1RD RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(See also HAZARDOUS WASTES)
330
-------
HIERARCH TERMS
2 DP
2SW
DISPOSAL
STORAGE
1RG
1RJ
1RM
1RN
1RP
1RR
1RU
RECLAMATION
(See SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION)
RECREATIONAL AREAS
tSee also LAND RECLAMATION)
REDUCTION
REFUSE
(See also SPECIFIC TYPES)
2CA CALORIFIC VALUE
2CO COMPOSITION
2QU QUANTITY
RESEARCH
(See SPECIFIC TOPICS; GRANT)
RESOURCE RECOVERY
RUBBER
2 IN
2PC
2TS
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
TIRES
1SB
1SD
1SF
1SG
1SI
1SJ
SAFETY
(See HEALTH AND SAFETY)
SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
(See also SPECIFIC TYPES)
SAND
SANITARY LANDFILL
(See also LAND RECLAMATION; SPECIFIC WASTES)
2CQ COMPOSTING
2C6 COSTS
2DC DECOMPOSITION
2DS DESIGN
2ET EQUIPMENT
2GS GASSES
2GW GROUND WATER
2MC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2OE OPERATIONS
2RL REGULATIONS
2SL SHREDDING
2SO SITES
SEPARATION
2CH CHEMICAL
2LS LIQUID-SOLID
2MD MECHANICAL
2ML METAL
2MX METHODS
2RN REFUSE
SEWAGE
(See also SLUDGE)
2AN ANALYSIS
331
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IP IRRADIATION PROCESSING
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
1SL SHREDDING
1SN SLAG
tSee METAL, FERROUS)
ISO SLAUGHTERHOUSE
CSee FOOD PROCESSING WASTES)
ISP SLUDGE
(See also INDUSTRIAL WASTES)
2AN ANALYSIS
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2DP DISPOSAL
2ET EQUIPMENT
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2HP HEAT PROCESSING
2IP IRRADIATION PROCESSING
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2UT UTILIZATION
1SR SNOW REMOVAL
1ST SOIL
1SU SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1SW STORAGE
2C2 CONTAINERS
2C6 COSTS
2LF LAWS
2MX METHODS
2SO SITES
1SX STREET CLEANING
1SY SURVEYS
1SZ SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
CSee MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING)
1TB TANNERY WASTES
1TE TEXTILES
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1TM TOXIC MATERIALS
(See also HAZARDOUS WASTES)
332
-------
HIERARCH TERMS
1TR TRANSFER STATIONS
(See also COLLECTION)
ITT TRANSPORTATION
(See also SPECIFIC WASTES)
2C6 COSTS
2JMX METHODS
2PM PIPELINES
2PQ PNEUMATIC
2RB RAILROADS
2SN SHIPS
2TK TRUCKS
1TV TREATMENT
(See PROCESSING)
1TY TREES
(See BULKY WASTES; LUMBER)
1VC VECTOR CONTROL
(See ANIMALS; INSECTS)
1VG VEGETATION
1VR VOLUME REDUCTION
1WE WATER POLLUTION
(See also GROUND WATER)
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2AN ANALYSIS
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2C2 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
2EC ECONOMICS
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2SJ SEWAGE
1WO WOOD
(.See LUMBER)
333
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Appendix E
GEOGRAPHIC CODES
1AF Africa
IAN Antarctica
IAS Asia
1AU Australia
1CA Canada
1CB Caribbean
1EU Europe
IMA Marshall Islands
1ME Mexico
1MI Middle East
1NZ New Zealand
ISA South America
1SU Soviet Union
1US United States
2AA Alabama
2AC Alaska
2AE Alberta
2AG American Samoa
2AI Arizona
2AN Argentina
2AR Arkansas
2AS Austria
2BE Belgium
2BI Brazil
2BR British Columbia
2CA California
2CH China (Mainland)
2CI China (Taiwan)
2CO Colorado
2CT Connecticut
2CZ Czechoslovakia
2DE Delaware
2DN Denmark
2DT District of Columbia
2FI Finland
2FL Florida
2FR France
2GB Gabon
2GE Georgia
2GM Germany (East)
2GN Germany (West)
2GU Guam
2HI Hawaii
2HK Hong Kong
2HU Hungary
2IA Idaho
211 Illinois
2IL India
2IN Indiana
210 Indonesia
2IQ Iowa
2IR Ireland
2IS Israel
2IT Italy
2JM Jamaica
2JP Japan
2KS Kansas
2Ky Kentucky
2LE Lebanon
2LI
2LT
2LU
2MA
2MD
2MH
2MI
2MJ
2MN
2MP
2MR
2MT
2NB
2NE
2NF
2NG
2NH
2NJ
2NM
2NQ
2NR
2NT
2NY
20H
20K
2ON
20R
2PC
2PE
2PJ
2PL
2PR
2RI
2SA
2SF
2SI
2SK
2SP
2SR
2SU
2SY
2TA
2TE
2TK
2TN
2UG
2UK
2UT
2VA
2VE
2V I
2VN
2VR
2WA
2WR
2WW
2WY
2YU
3AI
3AK
Libya
Lithuania
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Melbourne
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nepal
Netherlands
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Norway
Ohio
Oklahoma
Ontario
Oregon
Pakistan
Pennsylvania
Peru
Poland
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
Saskatchewan
South Africa
South Carolina
South Dakota
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Sydney
Tasmania
Tennessee
Texas
Thailand
Uganda
United Kingdom
Utah
Venezuela
Vermont
Victoria
Virginia
Virgin Islands
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Yugoslavia
Aiken
Akron
334
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GEOGRAPHICAL
SAL
3AM
3AS
3AT
3BA
3BC
3BI
3BK
3BL
3BN
3BR
3BS
3BT
3BV
3BW
3CA
3CD
3CF
3CI
3CJ
3CN
3CP
3CT
3CU
3CY
3CZ
3DE
3DI
3DN
3DT
3DU
3EB
3ED
3EK
3 EM
3EY
3FB
3FI
3FL
3FN
3FR
3SA
3SC
3SD
3SE
3SG
SSI
3SN
3SO
3SP
3SR
3ST
3SU
3TA
3TC
3TK
3TN
3TO
3TR
3TU
3VC
3GA
3GE
Albany
Ames
Amsterdam
Atlanta
Baltimore
Bangkok
Basel
Barking
Bavaria
Berkeley
Berlin
Birmingham
Boston
Bridgeport
Broward
Calumet
Camden
Casteljaloux
Cheshire
Chicago
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Clinton
Columbus
Cook
Czestochowa
Denver
Detroit
Dublin
Duluth
Dusseldorf
Ebingen
Edinburgh
Elk Creek
Elmira
Ely
Fairbanks
Finham
Flagstaff
Frankfort
Franklin
St. Croix
St. Joseph
St. Louis
St. Paul
St. Petersburg
San Diego
San Francisco
Santa Ana
Santa Barbara
Savannah
Stockholm
Stuttgart
Tel Aviv
Tocks Island
Tokyo
Toronto
Trenton
Tripoli
Tucson
Venice
Gainesville
Geneva
3GL Glasgow
3HA Hague
3HF Haifa
3HG Hamburg
3HJ Hanford
3HL Harlem
3HM Hartford
3HO Honolulu
3HR Hopewell
3HU Houston
3IT Ithaca
3JE Jerusalem
3JH Johannesburg
3JP Joplin
3KC Kansas City
3KH Karlsruhe
3KN Knox
3KS Kosovo
3KW Kracow
3LC Lancaster
3LI Lima
3LL Liverpool
3LO London
3LS Los Angeles
3LY Lycoming
3MA Madras
3MD Madrid
3MH Manchester
3MI Maui
3ML Melbourne
3MM Miami
3MO Milwaukee
3MP Minneapolis
3MR Mobile
3MT Montgomery
3MU Munich
3MY Muskegon
SNA Nashville
3ND New Delhi
3NL New Orleans
3NO New York City
3NR Niagara
3NU Nurnberg
30C Ochtrup
SOT Ottawa
3PA Paris
3PC Passaic
3PH Philadelphia
3PN Phoenix
3PS Pinellas
3PW Piscataway
3RC Rochester
3RO Rocky Flats
3VE Ventura
3VI Virginia Beach
3WA Walcheren
3WE Weidenau-Geisweid
3WK West Nyack
3WM Willamette River
3WY Winnebago
3YO Yosemite
3ZU Zurich
335
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Appendix F
DOCUMENT CATEGORY CODES
01 AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Crop residues
Manure
Timber/other vegetation
02 ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE
Data
03 AUTOMOBILES
04 BULKY WASTES
05 COLLECTION
06 COMPOST
07 DISPOSAL
08 ECONOMICS
Disposal costs
Financing facilities
Pollution control costs
Marketing information
Taxes and incentives
09 HAZARDOUS WASTES
10 HEALTH/SAFETY
11 INCINERATION
12 INDUSTRIAL WASTES
13 INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
14 LAWS/REGULATIONS
15 LITTER
16 MANAGEMENT
Municipal
Regional
Rural
State
17 OCEAN DISPOSAL
18 PACKAGING
19 PROCESSING/REDUCTION
20 RECYCLING
Incinerator residue
Industrial wastes
Mining wastes
Municipal refuse
Scrap metal
21 RESEARCH
22 SANITARY LANDFILL
23 SEPARATION
24 SLUDGE
25 STORAGE
26 STREET CLEANING
27 TRAINING, EDUCATION,
PUBLIC RELATIONS
28 TRANSPORT
29 SOURCE REDUCTION
30 ENERGY
Demand, for solicj waste
management
Fuel from wastes
Heat utilization from
incineration
ya 1787
SW-756
*U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19T9 620-007/3781 1-3
336
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U.S. Envlronr-cntcl Protection Agency
p-.V-nn V, '• .'v
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