SO LID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Abstracts from the Literature
1975-1978
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Abstracts from the Literature. 1975--1978
WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
This publication (SW-784) was prepared
by the Office of Solid Waste
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1979
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An environmental protection publication (SW-784) in the solid
waste management series. Miner typographic errors and format
inconsistencies in computer printouts herein are not corrected,
in the interest of expeditious availability of this information.
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Section 1. General 3
2. Economics and Finance 9
3. Analysis, Research and Development 13
4. Organization 18
5. Operation and Processing 25
Appendix A. Abbreviations 27
B. Quantitative Measurements 29
C. Language Codes 30
D. Hierarchic Terms 31
E. Geographic Terms ' 42
F. Document Category Codes 44
111
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INTRODUCTION
This document makes available in printed form one of the eleven
major subject categories of the solid waste management literature
abstracted and stored on computer by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. A decision to close the computerized abstracting activities
of the Solid Waste Information Retrieval System (SWIRS) in 1979 was
influenced by rising costs and moderate growth of requests from users.
However, EPA's Office of Solid Waste has undertaken to publish the
1975 through 1978 data; abstracts from earlier years may appear in
some sections. The SWIRS monthly abstracts series formerly published
are no longer available.
User Requests
The basic documents listed in the abstracts as "Retained in SWIRS
library" may be requested via interlibrary loan through recognized
libraries.
This abstracts series will not cover publications of EPA's Office
of Solid Waste. Instead, users may request the catalog Solid Waste
Management: Available Information Materials, which covers the years
1966 to present. Address the request to: Solid Waste Information, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Saint Clair Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268. The above catalog includes indexes by subject, author,
and title, with order blanks.
Format, Abbreviations, and Typographic Errors
In the interest of making the data available expeditiously, the com-
puter printout is being reproduced without change of minor typographic
errors. Main abbreviations and acronyms are listed in the appendixes.
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Section 1
GENERAL
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 048475
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: How the government helps the reclaimers.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Materials Reclamation Weekly
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GliO. ARiiA: 1EU/2GN (10) PUB. YEAR: 1 97B
(11) ABSTRACT: Professor rferner Schenkel of the Federal Office of
the Environment presented a paper at the Conference on Bav Materials in
Berlin that emphasized the growing importance of recycling for the
Federal German economy. He stated that recycling will be important only
if there is a shortage of primary materials or if reprocessing requires
less energy, and that reclamation trade prosperity is dependent on the
state of the consuming industries. He also believes that most of the
government*s activity in the areas of waste material exchanges,
domestic refuse sorting, utilization of scrap reclaimed from refuse and
charity collections of textiles and other used uaterials is necessary
because most traders have failed to take any initiative or could not
operate at profit.
(12) KEYWORDS: FEDERAL; GERMANY; GOVERNMENT; MANAGEMENT;
RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1HA/2FF; 1SD
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS47529
(16) CITATION: 132(26):19, Jul. 15, 1978.
(1) SHIES ACC.NO. : OU8154
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAIEGOBY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Report.
(4) AUTHOR: Schenkel '*
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Inter Solid Wastes/Public Cleansing Assoc
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Solid Waste Management 2nd International
Eroceedings-ISHA Italia 76, Fiera di Padova 21-25 Giugno 1976.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2GN (10) PUB. YEAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTfiACT: Haste generation and management in the Federal
Republic of Germany (FRG) are discussed. Domestic waste generation is
estimated at 18 ai.llion t annually. Trade waste is estimated at 5-6
Billion t, industrial waste except for the coal industry at 22 million
t, and hazardous waste and waste requiring special treatment at 3
nillion t. In addition, there are about 3 million t of waste consisting
cf surplus fertilizers from the bioindustry. It is envisioned that
waste management tasks, such as collection and treatment, will increase
due to stricter environmental protection measures. Efforts are being
•ade in the FRG to encourage recovery and recycling in both industry
and agriculture. Composting and incineration with heat recovery are
reliable recycling methods already in practice. Haste exchanges,
instituted by industry, are useful as agents between sellers and
buyers. A waste management program was approved by the FRG in 1975 that
has four aims: (1) to reduce the amount of waste generated at the
production and consumption levels; (2) to increase the utilization of
waste; (3) to minimize objectionable waste disposal; and (U) to
apportion costs according to the principle' of causality. (Retained in
SHIRS library).
(12) KETHOHDS: E NVIRONrtiiNr; GERMANY; BANAGEMENT; MARKET; QUANTITY;
RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EC; 1EP; 1 MA; 1 RG
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS47207 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Langer H
(16) CITATION: Padova, Italy, Associazioue Nazionale di Ingegneria
Sanitaria, 1976. p.90-103.
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 047831
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 08 (2) SUBJ.TYPK: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Avfallsborseu fungerer eftektivt i dag. (The
Haste exchange functions effectively today) .
(4) AUTHOP: Trgens E
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Teknisk Ukeblad/Tfcknikk
(10) LANGUAGE: NO (10) GEO. AHbA: 1EU/2NY (10) PUB. YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The Norwegian haste Exchange is*not intended to
solve all waste probleas by itself. Its purpose is to supplement other
alternatives available for waste disposal. Haste exchange or not, it is
clear that much of the refuse nust be detoxified cheuically, burned,
sterilized, split, centrztuged, distilled, remelted, filtered, etc.
However, it costs little or nothing to operate the waste exchange, and
if the exchange can contribute to solving the waste problems in a nore
resourceful and economical manner, then it is justified. The Norwegian
Haste Exchange differs fcon the German exchange in that it does not
include o nly those materials which can be designated as processed,
fabrication and production wastes, but also raw material remnants,
intermediate products, and finished products. Its primary materials are
textile, plastics, and paper wastes. It was established in 1973 on the
initiative of the Norwegian Industrial Union Environmental Committee.
It can be defined as a central agency for information concerning
materials which cannot be utilized at the plants where they are
produced and which other enterprises can destory or utilize in their
production. In practice, the internation is supplied through the
bulletins of the Norwegian Industrial Union. In Norway, information is
supplied by Industri og miljo and toe Hil jo-sirkulafcrer of the
Industrial Union. (Original text in Norwegian).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; MARKET; PAPER;
PLANT-INDUSTRIAL; PLASTIC; 6bFUSE; SCANDINAVIA; TEXTILE; UTILIZE
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EC/2MG; 1PD/2IN/3DP; 1PR/2IN/3DP; 1Tfc/2IH/3DP
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4b884
(16) CITATION: 123(5):18, 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 045849
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYtE: G
(3) AfiTlCLE TITLE: Evaluation of results.
(6) BOOK TITLE: In Disposal of Hazardous Wastes: Organization.
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GiJO. AREA: 1EU; 10S (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Organizational schenes for the management and
disposal of hazardous waste in North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) countries are examined. Information was obtained primarily by
questionnaire from the following NATO countries: Belgium, Denmark, the
Federal Republic of Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United
Kingdom, and the United States. It was determined that organizational
issues in hazardous waste disposal should be considered in relation to
other aspects of management and not in isolation. Issues of particular
importance are the cost of transportation, the need for defining and
classifying hazardous waste, the management of disposal facilities,
control of the generation and transfer of hazardous waste, planning,
waste exchange systems, liability, insurance, financing, and special
regulations for certain waste types, (detained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; HA2.A&DOUS; MANAGEMENT;
PLANNING; REGULATIONS; SUKVili; US
(14) HIEB4RCH TERBS: 1DD/2DH; 1HA/2HF; 1MA/2MC; 1 SO
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44898
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty organization, Jun. 1977.
p. 73-100.
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GENERAL
(1) SWIKS ACC.NO.: 040556
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 12 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(4) AUTHOR: Hooij H (10) G£O. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAii: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: Industrial waste that is not air or waterljorne, but
is transported to a processing or disposal site is discussed. Twice as
such industrial waste is generated, as municipal waste, and there is a
50 percent anticipated growth in tae next decade due to effluent
legislation. The 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
tnvironment Canada are both studying quantities and characteristics of
industrial waste over a wide range of industries. Haulers require
different information about waste, partly dependent on the disposal
•ethod, and some preliminary on-site tests are usually made. Accident
prevention steps are taken throughout all handling. Waste generator,
hauler, and processor can De the same agency, an ideal situation
representing complete recycling. Haste processing at Industrial Tank
Inc. is described to illustrate the chief aspects of a well run
disposal facility, while a Washington State company processes salected
waste to manufacture fertilizer, fire retardants, wood preservatives,
and paint pigments. A list of enterprises accepting waste for
processing is given in a March 1975 EPA solid waste management report
but reprocessing facilities of waste generating companies are not
listed. Waste exchanges are used in Kurope and to a lesser degrae in
some States, wiiere information on tne availability of waste is
disseminated to those who require it as a raw aaterial. Research is
currently underway in Europe and the United States on industrial waste
landfills, and tne sources ol further information on these projects are
qiven.
(12) KEYWORDS: AIR; CALIFORNIA; CANADA; CHEMICAL; DISPOSAL; EUROPE;
FACILITY; INDUSTRY; MINNESOTA; MUNICIPALITY; PKOGRAH; RESEARCH;
SANITARY LANDFILL; US; WASHINGTON; WATER
(14) tllERARCH TERMS: 1IC; 1HA/2HC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS39bOO
(18) DOC.CIT.: Mooij, ii. Aspects of industrial waste management, in
Environment Canada. Proceedings; the Recent Developments in solid Haste
Management Seminar, Vancouver, fl. C. , Apr. 14, 1976. Solid Waste
Management Branch Report EPS-j-EC-76-11. Canada, Minister of Supply and
Services, Aug. 1976. p. b1-t>9.
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 04005b
(2) DOMESTIC: 1> (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) Gi.0.
AREA: 1 HA (10) PUB. YEAK: 1 97fa
(11) ABSTRACT: The progress, problems, and growth of the hazardous
waste management industry is discussed by the Chemical Waste Committee
of tne National Solid Wastes Management Association. The historical
background to this Committee is examined with its relationship with the
government. The creation of the oiiemical waste industry and various
attitudes of organizations are outlined. The status of the industry and
its future are discussed, with reference to the industry's dependence
on legislation and its enforcement. A discussion of the Committee's
definition of hazardous waste is given, as is a discussion on disposal
versus pretreatment. The problems or the waste exchange concept are
lentioned and the views of tne Committee on transportation and storage
are presented. A discussion on waste sheds and the exportation Df waste
over regional boundaries is given. The purpose of a trip ticket or
eanifest to accompany waste in transportation-is explained and States
using the system are mentioned, the Federal role in waste disposal is
seen as inadeguate and an outline of its position and the role of the
iPA is given and discussed. Tne rasponsibility of the States and the
action that they have taktn legislatively is reported. State triining
programs are developing and the progress of State regulatory programs
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
is presented and discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: ASSOC; CHErtlCAL; DEFINITION; DISCUSSION; KPA;
GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; HISTORf; INDUSTRY; LAW; MANAGEMENT; MATERIALS
HANDLING; TRAINING
(14) HIERARCH TERMS; 1HA/2MB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOSJ9102
(18) DOC.CIT. : New thrust for hazardous waste management. Waste
iqe, 7(11):40, 42, 44, 46, 49-50, 52, 54, 56-58, 60, 62, 68, Nov. 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 039959
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CAl'EGOKY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPFl: G (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A representative of the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency discusses hazardous waste management at a public
neetinq held by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency on December
1, 1975 in Roseaont, Illinois. Ohio opposes any cut in State programs
en hazardous waste. The development of hazardous waste. The development
cf hazarous waste regulations by States is discussed, and it is
recommended that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency take action
to support the States in assuring continuity of regulation development
in parallel with Federal programs. Support is given to the concept of
hazardous waste treatment centers, criteria for the design of ma del
legislation far both hazardous waste management and enforcement
purposes, provision by the Federal Government of a clearinghouse
function to allow industry as well as states to know what other
coapanies are doing in the field of hazardous waste handling, and the
belief that generators ol hazardous waste should be able to develop the
necessary toxicity data. A survey being conducted in Ohio to evaluate
the magnitude of the hazardous waste problem is cited. A question and
answer session follows the presentation.
(12) KEYWORDS: CENTBALIZKD; CONFERENCE; CRITERIA; DATA; EPA;
FEDERAL; GRANT; HAZARDOUS; INFORMATION; INTEK; MANAGEMENT; OHIO;
EROBLEHS; REGULATIONS; STATE; SURVEY; TECHNOLOGY; TOXIC; TRANSPORT;
1REATMENT
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS39003
(18) DOC.CIT.: Brown, D. Bepresenting the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency, on hazardous waste management, in Corson, A. S. , P.
A. Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public
Meetings on Hazardous Waste Management, Newark, NJ, aosemont, IL,
Houston, TX, and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Office ot Solid
Haste Management programs publication SH-9p. Washington, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1976. p. 661-669.
09 (2) , SUBJ .T YPE: G (10) PUB.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 039942
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOSY:
YEAR: 1 976
(11) ABSTRACT: A representative of the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency discusses hazardous waste management at public
meeting held by the 0. S. Environmental Protection Agency on December
4, 1975 in Rosemont, Illinois. It is pointed out that major emphasis
has been placed in Illinois on the establishment of a supplemental
permit system for the safe emplacement of liguid a.nd certain hazardous
waste into environmentally sound disposal sites, the development of
guidelines for managing special and hazardous waste, disposed of on
land by implementing the waste exchange concept. Several key problems
and areas of consideration associated with any hazardous waste
management program are addressed. A question and answer session follows
the presentation.
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GENERAL
(12) KEYWORDS: CONFERENCE; CONTROL; DISPOSAL; EPA; HAZABDOUS;
ILLINOIS; LAND; LICENSE; LIQUID; MANAGEMENT; PfiOGHAM; REDUCTIOH;
fiEGOLATIONS; SITES; TBANSPORT; VOLUME
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS38986
(18) DOC.CIT.: Clark, T. Representing the Illinois Environmental
Protection Aqency, on hazardous waste management. In Corson, A. S. , P.
A. Savage, and C. A. Baggatts, eds. Proceedings; the 1975 Public
Meetings on Hazardous Waste Management, Newark., HJ, Rosemont, IL,
Houston, TX, and San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1975. v. 1. Office of Solid
taste Management Programs Publication SW-9p. Washington, U. S.
Environmental Protection Aqency, 1976. p. <<55-
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 035651
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
TEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Congress wrote into the Solid Haste Disposal Act, as
amended by the Resource Recovery Act of 1970, a requirement that the
Federal Government study the hazardous waste problems and submit
recommendations. The U. S. BiiVironmenta 1 Protection Agency (ilPA) has
submitted these to Congress. SPA is pursuing a program which includes:
determining the quantity and composition of hazardous wastes and their
sources; identifying and assessing safe treatment and disposal methods;
developing criteria for proper processing and disposal of hazardous
wastes; understanding the health and environmental effects of improper
waste management; and relaying to industry, and State and local
Governments information on hazardous waste management. Industry
generates at least 10 million tons of nonradioactivt hazardous wastes a
year. This amount is growing at a rate of 5 to 10 percent each year.
Technology is available to dispose of most nonradioactive hazardous
wastes. With or without federal legislation the States are tae proper
focal points for the management of hazardous wastes; their capacity
must be encouraged to grow. A waste management program should: reduce
the amount of hazardous wastes generated; concentrate wastes at the
source to reduce handling problems; stimulate waste exchange programs
between industries; recapture and recycle components of the waste;
destroy some wastes in high temperature incinerators; detoxify and
neutralize wastes destined for land disposal; and build especially
designed landfills for hazardous wastes. (This document is retained in
the SWIRS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; dbVIEONfltiNT; EPA; FEDERAL; GOVERNMENT;
HAZARDOUS; HEALTH; INDUSTRY; J-AH ; flANAGENBNT; RADIO ACTIVE; SOLID WASTE
EISP03AL ACT; STATE; TOXIC; TREATMENT
(15) STIMS ACC.SO.: OOS3U696
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hazardous wastes. Environmental Protection
Publication SW-138. Washington, 1). C. , U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1975. 24 p.
8
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Section 2
ECONOMICS AND FINANCE
(1) SWISS ACC.NO.: 044212
(2) DOMESTIC: t (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Who should sponsor and operate the waste
Materials exchange.
(4) AUTHOR: Lauqhlin UGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Waste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GSO. ARJiA: 1CD (10) 'PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Responsibility tor the operation of a waste
•aterials exchange in Canada is evaluated. It is pointed out that
financial sponsorship and operation of an exchange aay or may not be
undertaken by a single organization. The concept of users paying for
services is considered to be attractive, although the adoption of this
concept nay reduce the change or an exchange's successful operation. A
report prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is cited
in which it is indicated that an industry association should sponsor an
exchange. As an alternative to botii, sponsorship and operation of an
exchange by the Canadian government, sponsorship plus contracting out
exchange operation is noted as a possibility. This option should
lininize industrial reservations about the submission of information on
waste material streams to a government department.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; ECONOMICS; GOVERNMENT; INDUSTRY; INFOBMATIOH
(It) HIERAR-CH TERMS: 1EA; 1EB/2EF; 1MA/2HH; ISO
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43255 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Goloab A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.52-57.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 044210
(2) DOMESTIC: t (2) CATEiiOflY: 27 (2) SOB J. TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Effect on the established Canadian secondary
•atecials industry.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin RGW
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for tae Operation of a Waste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) KEPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The impact of a waste materials exchange in Canada
en the secondary materials industry is assessed. The concept of a waste
•aterials exchange was discussed with the Canadian Association of
Recycling Industries and with various waste management processing
industries. Opposition to the concept of an exchange if it were
established only for commodities handled by the recycling association
was indicated. The establishment of an exchange was endorsed by the
waste management and disposal industry, although some reservation was
expressed by secondary materials industries who already have an
established market for two coamodities (paper and scrap metals).
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; BECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EB/2EF; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 00343253 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.40-44.
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) swias ACC.NO.: o<*i*2oa
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORIC: 07 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Waste disposal controls.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin KGW
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: la The Methodology foe the Operation of a Waste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT SO.: 06SS KE 204-&-riP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU; 1US; 1CD (10) PUB. YEAH:
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Controls being introduced over the disposal of waste
materials in Europe and North America are discussed. The controls cover
the transportation and disposal of waste, with primary emphasis on
hazardous or toxic waste. It is felt that the effect of inpleaenting
stringent controls over the disposal of hazardous waste on the
establishment of a waste materials exchange will be to increase the
utilization of the exchange by industry. Two reasons for this are
cited: (1) the cost for disposal in an environmentally acceptable
manner is usually more expensive than landfill or lagooning; and (2)
the reporting aspect of most existing or proposed waste disposal
control legislation should also encourage the use of a waste exchange.
Data on hazardous waste treatment and disposal practices in the United
States are tabulated.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; CONTROL; DATA; DISPOSAL; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS;
INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; SYSTEM; TOXIC; TRANSPORT; TREATMENT; US
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DW; 1EB/2EF; 1HA; 1TD
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43251 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb &
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.25-27.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO. : 043560
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Impetus for recycling.
(4) AUTHOR: McCall MN III
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Scrap Age
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GBO. AREA: 1 US (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The utilization of scrap to conserve resources and
to sustain economic growth in the United States is discussed. The
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) will encourage the
recovery of greater guantities of scrap and it will fund research on
existing and potential marKets. Resource recovery is tied to
environmentally sound solid waste management. Public resource recovery
•ust not impinge on the legitimate role of private industry by forcing
market substitution rather than creating new markets. A recent study
suggests a significant underutilization of capacity in the scrap
industry. The Georgia Haste Exchange, a free information service whece
interested parties may buy or sell waste materials, energy sources, and
used processing equipment, is described. In the future, the scrap
industry must try to correct marketplace economics, seek fair
competition between sellers of virgin and manmade resources and promote
•etal recycling.
(U) KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; ESERGY; ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; INDUSTRY.;
MANAGEMENT; MARKET; METAL; RECLAMATION; REFUSE; SANITARY LANDFILL;
SCRAP
(14) HIERAHCH TjJRMS: 1EA/2EB; 1LB/2LD; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS42o23
(16) CITATION: 34(5) : 21,25,28, Bay 1977.
10
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ECONOMICS AND FINANCE
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 04J251*
(2) DOMESTIC: f (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Growing chemical industry creates need for more
waste recovery, Eurochea told.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Materials Reclamation Weekly
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1EU/2UK (10) PUB. YEAfi: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Delegates to the 1977 Eurochen conference ¥ere told
that the growing chemical industry creates the need for more waste
recovery. One paper entitled "Recovering Metals from Chemical Hastes'
considered that effluents produced in metal finishing contain enough
nonferrous aetals to make tneir recovery worthwhile. Effluents
containing metals are usually treated in sone way to meet water Duality
standards. Treatment metnods rarely allow recovery of the metal value,
the usual method being to precipitate the metals in the form of sludge.
Recovery of metal values necessitates the separation of the metals by
chemical processing. Although technically feasible, the processes are
not usually econonic. Otuer methods concentrate the metals as
solutions, these methods can only be used for in plant recycling. In a
paper entitled "Recycling of Waste Oils by Chemical Processing," it
was estimated that about half or the 960,000 tons of lubricating oils
sold in Great Britain could be made available for recycling. In a paper
concerning waste exchanges, it was pointed out that apart from
recycling within the actual process, the most economical method of
waste recovery is to use it as a raw material in another process. The
experience of the UK Waste Materials Exchange (initiated in 1974) is
cited.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; ECONOMICS; EUfiOPL; GREAT BRITAIN;
INDUSTRY; HAKKET; METAL; NON-FERROUS; OIL; RECLAMATION REFUSE;
SEPARATING; SLUDGE
(1U) HIERAKCH TEEMS: KB/2CA/3CC; 1 AC; 1M.L/2WC; 1PF/2PG/3PI;
1SE/2SL
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.; OOSi.2297
(16) CITATION: 130 (2) :24-25, July 9, 1977.
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 035137
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY; 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Recycling aakes good ecomonic sense. Government
agencies are beginning to get into the recycling business. Tne National
Research Decelcpoent Corporation or the United Kingdom is now flicking
the development of recovery plants lor plasticiser based on a steam
extraction process, a process for recycling plastic coated yaper, and
techniques for handling mixed waste plastics. West Germany has set up
waste exchanges designed to pat potential users of waste in touch with
industries that produce them. Tae first year in Hamburg 3,500 tons of
waste materials were recycled tnrough this system. In Sweden households
voluntarily separated domestic refuse. Local governments have also
gotten into the recycling business. The enthusiasm for recycling is
growing, not waning.
(12) KEYWORDS: DOMESTIC; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; GERMANY; GOVERNMENT;
GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; LOCAL; PAPER; PLASTIC; RECLAMATION; REFUSE;
SCANDINAVIA; SEPARATING
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS34182
(18) DOC.CIT.: Haamond, B. Recycling begins at home. New Scientist,
67(958) :152-153, July 17, 1975.
11
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 034415
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEJOKY; 08 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
Y.EAB: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This article describes freight payment plan proposed
to the scrap industry by the First American National Bank, of Nashville,
Tennessee. Under this plan. First American would act as an ayent for
both the shipper and the carrier, serving as a clearinghouse for all
incoming collect and outgoing prepaid freight bills. First American's
freight Payment Plan is already serving other industrial concerns. The
plan eliminates all the clerical work involved in the payment of
freight bills, automatically complies with all regulations of the
Interstate Commerce Commission, and furnishes excellent proof of
payment information. The plan is available for a service fee of 5
dollars per month. A computerized statement of the automatic freight
payments is provided to the participant once a month. An automatic
credit for any incorrect payment is awarded following the return of a
simple correction form to the bank. This feature can save many hours of
effort and months of delay in collecting on freight claims. The plan
can result in significant savings in terms of money, time, and effort
and can give recycling firms significant leverage in dealing with the
various carriers.
(12) KEYWORDS: BENEFIT; COST REDUCTION; ECONOMICS; INDUSTRY;
MANAGEMENT; RAIL HAUL; RECLAMATION; SCRAP; SYSTEM; IfiANSPOET
(15) SUMS ACC.NO.: OOS33459
(18) DOC.CIT.: First American's freight payment plan can save
•oney. Recycling Today, 13(6):103, 105, 111, June 1975.
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Section 3
ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 044539
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGOHY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Total resource recovery systems and the scrap
processing industry.
(4) AUTHOR: HCCall MN
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Recycling Today
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GfiO. AREA: 1US/2GA (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: In this speech, McCall discusses the nature,
importance and future of the resource recovery and recycling industry.
The inpetus for recycling cones from the reality that our nation is
producing more garbage than we can bury, and that we are becoming lore
dependant on foreign sources for raw materials, ninerals and fuel. The
Resource conservation and Recovery Act underscores the importance of
conservation and recycling, and ot this industry. The law will
encourage recovery of greater quantities of scrap, as well as research
markets for it. McCall sees the law as a benefit to the scrap industry.
The industry should get more involved in the public aspects of resource
r€covery. Industry studies have saown there is a significant
underutilization of the capacity of the scrap industry, almost 50
percent, scrap processors could more than adequately meet any
conceivable demands by the iron and steel industries. McCall describes
waste exchange program. Econonic inequities between virgin and
recovered resources must be dealt with as the ind.ustry evolves.
(12) KEYWORDS: GEORGIA; INDUSTRY; LAN; MARKET; METAL; MINERAL;
EROCESS; RECLAMATION; REFUSE DERIVED FUEL; SCRAP
(14) HIERA8CH TERMS: 1EA/2EB; 1LB/2LB; 1MD/2HT; 1HG; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOS43584
(16) CITATION: 15(b):88-92, June 1977.
(1) SHIRS ACC.SO. : 044473
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 13 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: S
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Processing of factory waste by reverse osmosis.
(4) AUTHOR: Henscheid TH
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: The Sugar Journal
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GfiO. AREA: 1US (10) PUB. If EAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The application of membrane technology for
industrial processes has been expanding in recent years, notably in
water treatment, the processing of whey, and the treatment of sugar -
teet liquors by reverse osmosis. This paper discusses an experiment
where a testing unit containing 2.25 sq in. membrane area and utilizing
various types of membranes was used in one series of tests involving
both Steffen filtrate and ion exchange waste in single stage as well as
•ultistage fractionation. Another series of tests evaluated a pilot
•odule hollow fiber cartridge for concentrating Steffen filtrate. It
was demonstrated that a combination of ultrafiltration and reverse
osmosis can separate such waste into water, brine and a product
containing the bulk of the organic matter. The paper concludes that
reverse osmosis can be used to concentrate Stiffens filtrate to about
10 degrees Brix. It is an attractive tool to frictionate and
concentrate other waste streams generated in the processing of sugar.
Reverse osmosis does require meticulous care so that the membranes are
not subjected to punishment, frequent replacement of the membranes Hill
render the process ineffective and uneconomical.
£12) KEYWORDS: BY-PRODUCT; FILTER; ION; .OSMOSIS; PROCESS; REFINEHI;
RESEARCH; SEPARATING; SUGAR
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1FD/2FX; 1BE; 13E/2SP
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43519 (15) SECONDABY AUTHORS: Matheson »;
Schoenrock K
(16) CITATION: 39(2):20-24, May 1977.
13
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044412
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY:- 14 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Garbage is a Haste is a hazard is a resource.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Environmental Science and Technology
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB, YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Major provisions of the 1976 Resource Conservation
and fiecovery Act pertain to Hazardous waste management; the closing or
upgrading of existing open dumps and the prohibition on establishment
of new ones; and resource recovery. State and regional involvement is
clearly sought. By 1977, the finvironmen tal Protection Agency (EPA) mist
publish criteria to be used oy States to distinguish open dumps from
sanitary landfills. By 1978, EPA must develop and promulgate criteria
and regulations for identifying hazardous wastes and for controlling
thea from generation to disposal. The Department of Commerce (DOC) must
develop standards for the substitution of recovered materials for
virgin materials and promote resource recovery technology. Hastt
exchanges are beinq established which act as mediators between buyers
and sellers of waste.
(12) KEYWORDS: CRITERIA; DOC; DUMP; EPA; HAZARDOUS; LAW; MARKET;
RECLAMATION; REFUSE; REGIONAL; REGULATIONS; RESOURCE; SANITARY
LANDFILL; STATE
HIEEARCH TERMS: 1HA; 1LB/2LD; 1MA/2Hri; 1SG; 1SD/2SI
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43456
(16) CITATION: 11(3) :230-232, Bar. 1977.
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO. : 044214
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Exchange evaluation.
(U) AUTHOR: Laughlin BGH
(5) CCRPOEATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) &EPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Techniques £or the evaluation of a waste materials
exchange in Canada are described. It is noted that evaluation
technigues for the information-only exchange, recommended for adoption
in Canada, are difficult to design. Tne issue of maintaining
confidentiality for users of the exchange is of primary importance if
credibility with industry is to oe cultivated. Approaches adopted by
various waste exchanges to cost/Benefit analysis are noted. Four
alternatives for the assessment of the success of a waste materials
exchange are identified: (1) "as new" value of raw materials replaced;
(2) total weight of materials exchanged; (3) definitive economic:
analysis of each transaction; and (4) definitive energy analysis of
each transaction. The advantages and disadvantages of each alterantive
are enumerated. It is recommended that the first alternative be
employed in Canada. Sample intormation cards for available and waiited
listings to be used in the exchange are included.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; INFORMAII ON ; RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERHS: 1EB/2EF; 13B
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4J257 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.83-89.
14
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044213
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGOKY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Detailed format for the Canadian waste materials
exchange.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin KGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of d Waste
Saterials Exchange in Canada. (81 REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CCNTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 20'4-6-Ei'13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GfiO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The recommended rormat for the operation of a waste
•aterials exchange in Canada is detailed. It is proposed that the
exchange be an information only type of exchange insofar as it does not
actively participate in negotiations between fitas wishing to exchange
waste. A waste materials exchange bulletin with its own mailing list is
considered to be the best way 01 publicizing information on waste to btt
exchanged. In this bulletin, waste should be categorized as follows:
organic chemicals, solvents, oils, fats, waxes, acids and alkalis;
spent catalysts, metals and metal containing sludge, plastics,
textiles, leather, rubber, wood and paper products, and miscellaneous.
Consideration is given to publicity, mailing, data handling, staffing,
cost, and service aspects of the exchange.
(12) KEYHORDS: CANADA; DATA; ECONOMICS; INFORMATION; LITERArURE;
PUBLIC RELATIONS; RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EA/2EA; 1EB/2J3D; 1PJ; ISfl
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS43256 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: GolombA
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
P.5&-82.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044209
(2) DOHESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY; 12 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Industrial interest.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin RGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
flaterials Exchange in Canada. (8| REPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KE 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GJiO. AREA: 1CD; 1HS (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Haste generated by various industries is examined in
relation to the establishment ot a waste materials exchange in Canada.
Haste types reported in industry studies of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency as having components of potential value are solvents,
concentrated acids, combustibles, alkalis, oils, and waste with a high
concentration of recoverable metals. Haste transfers among industries-
are discussed, and it is stated that a transfer organization which cuts
across industry lines has a greater chance of opening up new transfer
opportunities than one acting solely within one industry. The interest
of 11 industries in a waste materials exchange is detailed. There were
10 positive responses and one negative response. Tabular data are
provided on manufacturing process waste £rom selected industries in the
United States as of 1975, potentially transferable waste from selected
industries in the United States, and the generation and potential use
of selected types of chemical waste.
(12) KEYHORDS: ACID; ALKAi.INfi; CANADA; CHEMICAL; COMBUSTIBLE; DATA;
GENERATION; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; METAL; OIL; RECLAMATION; SOLVENT;
SURVEY; OS
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1IC/2IY; 1SB; 1SO
(15). STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43252 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, untario. Environment Canada, Har. 1977.
p.28-39.
15
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SWIBS ACC.NO.: 04J100
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATiGOBY: 20 (2) SUUJ.TYPE: G
(3) AHTICLE TITLE: Waste clearinghouses and exchanges.
(4) AUTHOR: Terry Re Jr
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Chemical Engineering Process
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GiiO. AREA: 1tU; 1US (10) PUB. YEAS: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A one-year study to explore the feasibility af the
waste transfer concept and to outline the requirements foe a successful
waste transfer operation is reported. Two types of transfer
organizations were studied: the European style information
clearinghouses which transfer information, and the materials exchanges
which accept residues, analyze them, identify new uses, treat them, and
seek buyers. Potential opportunities for waste transfer were
investigated. Industries that nanufacture chemicals or use the* as raw
materials are potential clients of transfer agents. Only a few waste
transfer agents operate now in the U.S. Host existing transfer
organization are operated by the chemical industry associations or
governments of Europe. The services of exchanges are more complex and
expensive than those of clearinghouses. Their financial success depends
upcn brokering natches to completion. All existing clearinghouses are
subsidized by their sponsors. Some charge nominal listing fees. A
network of regional clearinghouses is anticipated in the U.S. Economic
analysis indicates that
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ANALYSIS, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 036253
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SCJBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: A West German jacket for utilizable waste, referred
to as "waste exchange", was created by the Chambers of Industry and
CcBBerce in 1974. During one year of its existence a total of 5759
items were offered for sale and 914 inquiries were made. The reaction
to these advertisements was positive: 10,191 prospective buyers cane
forward and 2,215 prospective sellers answered the inquiries. Over 20
percent of offers concerned the plastic wastes, almost as much -
chemical residues; paper (11. 7 percent) followed. The lowest
percentage of offers came from leather-working industries (72 offers or
1. 2 percent). Inguiries showed a Similar pattern. The inquiries and
cffers are published in the Nachrichtenblatt of the respective chamber;
the total circulation of both publications is over 700,000. There is no
charge for the processing of inquiries, offers and negotiations.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; GERMANY; INDUSTRY; «A^KfiT; PAPEfl;
PERCENTAGE; PLASTIC; PUBLIC DELATIONS; BECLAflATION; RESIDUE; UTILIZE
(15) STIMS ACC.fJO.: OOS35298
(18) DOC.CIT.: Haenert, F. Success of utilizable waste markets of
chanbers of industry and commerce. (Erfolge der abfallboersen der
industrie-und haBdelsjcamnern. ) fluell und Abfall, 7:204-206, 1975.
17
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
Section 4
ORGANIZATION
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 044211
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Geoqraphic extent of the exchange.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin KGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
Materials Exchange in Canada. (8) hEPORT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT HO.: 06SS KE 204-6-KP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GfiO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Geographic considerations in the establishment of a
waste materials exchange in Canada are addressed. The primary issue is
what geographic area an exchange should cover in order to be most
effective and beneficial to Canadian industries. Three alternatives are
evaluated: a series of regional exchanges, provincial exchanges, and a
national Canadian exchange. The advantages and disadvantages of each
alternative are delineated. It is felt that the provincial exchange
alternative is the least advantageous and that a network of regional
exchanges with some fora of inter-regional cooperation is preferable.
It is recoamended, however, that a single waste exchange be established
and that relationships between Canada and the United States be
developed with regard to waste exchanges.
(12) KEYWORDS: GEOGRAPHY; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; RECLAHATION;
REGIONAL
(14) HIEBARCH TERMS: 1EB/2EI?; 1HA/2HH; 1SB
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS43254 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Goloab A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p. 45-51.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 045846
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 09 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(6) BOOK TITLE: Disposal of Hazardous Hastes: Organization.
(10) LANGUAGE: ES (10) GEO. AHEK: 1EU; 1US (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: The findings of a study conducted to assess
organizational problens encountered in the aanagenent and disposal of
hazardous waste are presented. Emphasis is placed on the following
aspects of hazardous waste disposal, as practiced in North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) countries; legislative basis of the
organization of hazardous waste disposal (regulations on the control of
waste flows and on the licensing of facilities, planning regulations,
and regulations on liability and financing and insurance), the
practical execution of existing regulations, and the evaluation of
advantages and disadvantages pertaining to different organizational
schemes. Hazardous waste management in NATO' countries is considered.
Attention is given to manageBent principles and the state of ths art,
regulations on waste stream control and practices of control, planning
and limitation aspects of disposal districts, waste exchange systems,
and special regulations or management systems for special types of •
waste. (Retained in SHIRS library).
(12) KEYHOBDSs CONTROL; DISPOSAL; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; MANAGEMENT;
REGULATIONS; US
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DH; 1HA/2HF; 1MA/2MC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: 00344895
(16) CITATION: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Jun. 1977. 108
P-
18
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ORGANIZATION
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO.: 044207
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CAIE-iORY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Comparison ot existing waste materials
exchanges.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin RGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Poundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the operation of a Haste
Haterials Exchange in Canada. (8| REPORT HO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KB 204-6-KP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) Grit). A&EA: 1EU/2GE; 1EU/2UK; 1EU/2IT;
1EU/2BE; 1EU/2SO; 1EU/2NE; 1BU/2FR; 1EU/2AS; 1CD; 1US (10) PUB.
1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Alternative types of waste Materials exchanges are
compared, five major categories oi exchanges are identified: those
operated by industrial societies for their Membership, by organizations
such as a Chamber of Commerce, by commercial magazines, by government,
and those sponsored by government and operated by independent
organizations. Exchanges in Germany, England, Italy, Belgium, and
Switzerland are evaluated. Tabular data on the operation of exchanges
in these countries, as well as in Norway, the Netherlands, France,
Canada, Austria, and the United States are provided. Particular
attention is given to manpower requirements associated with exchange
operation.
(12) KEYWORDS: AUSTRIA; tuiLGiufl; CANADA; COHHERCIAL; DATA; FRANCE;
GERMANY; GOVERNMENT; GREAT BRITAIN; INDSUTRY; INFORMATION; ITALK;
NETHERLANDS; RECLAMATION; SWITZERLAND; SYSTEM; US
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1fcU/2EF; 1 SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS43250 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar.-1977.
p.14-24.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 044206
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 27 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G .
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Basic alternative waste exchange systems.
(4) AUTHOR: Laughlin RGH
(5) CORPORATE AUTHOR: Ontario Research Foundation
(6) BOOK TITLE: In The Methodology for the Operation of a Haste
Haterials Exchange in Canada. (8| HEPOBT NO.: EPS 3-EC-77-8 (9)
CONTRACT NO.: 06SS KB 204-6-EP13
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AREA: 1CD (10) PUB. YEAR: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: Two approaches to the establishment of a waste
materials exchange are identified. They involve information exchange
only and information plus waste materials handling. It is felt that
there is probably a need for both information and materials handling
exchanges within a country, even though the logistic problems of
servicing many different industries with many diverse products and
types of wastes are significant with a materials handling exchange. The
costs involved in establishing and operating a materials handling
exchange are also high in terms of capital investment and operating
charges. It is recommended that an information only waste materials
exchange be established in Canada to serve primary, secondary, and
reprocessing industries.
(12) KEYWORDS: ECONOMICS; INDUSTRY; INFORMATION; MATERIALS
HANDLING; RECLAMATION; SYSTEM
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1EB/2EF; 1 SB
(.15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS4J249 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Golomb A
(16) CITATION: Ottawa, Ontario, Environment Canada, Mar. 1977.
p.11-13.
19
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SWIttS ACC.NO.: OU1781
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) GfiO.
AREA: 1EO/2UK (10) PUB. iEAfi: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The U. K. Waste Materials Exchange, begun in 1974,
was set up to make known materials available or wanted which could cose
from the disposal of another industry. The organization's Bulletin
contains the computer printout of materials wanted or available,
quantity and site. Materials are classified under 12 headings, most of
them organic and process chemicals, but this also includes metals,
minerals, oils and other items oi interest to the mechanical
engineering sector, rhe service only aims to put interested firms m
contact with each other; all negotiations as to price, quantity,
delivery and anything else are left to the two parties. A grant of
70,000 pounds iron the government is to take the prograa over a two
year period. The scheme appears to be making a handsome profit for
Britain. It has been welcomed and supported toy many interested
professional societies.
(12) KEYWORDS: CHEMICAL; COMdEfcCIAL; DISPOSAL; ECONOMICS; E3KOPE;
GBEAT BaiTAIN; MAHKET; METAL; OIL; ORGANIC; PROGRAM; RECLAMATION
(1U) HIEEARCH TERMS: 1IC/2JA; 1ttC
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS40825
(18) DOC.CI1.: From waste to wealth. (The CME) Chartered Mechanical
Engineer, 23(5):27, Hay 1976.
(1) SWIHS ACC.NO. : 039527
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: oa (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ASSTBACT: A Haste Maternl Exchange has been set up in Great
Britain which handles wastes originating from manufacturing processes.
Quarterly bulletins list items under "available" and "wanted" headings.
twelve categories are included: acids and alkalis, organic chemicals
and solvents, metals, minerals, oils and waxes, paper and board, rubber
and plastics, catalysts, textiles and leather, food processing,
inorganic chemicals, and miscellaneous. Requests are forwarded to the
conpany originating the k
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ORGANIZATION
takes no part in negotiations; its primary purpose is to serve as a
clearinghouse and matchmaker. It is apparent that large concentrated
and continuous supplies of aaterials have the most appeal for seeders
of usable wastes. The largest category of available materials is
suIfuric acid. The U. S. Environaental Protection Agency (EPA) feels
that if the exchange can dispose ot even a snail portion of the
sulfuric acid and other hazardous wastes it will have made a real
contribution to the environment. As of January 1976, solvents of
various kinds were the most wanted materials, while copper wastes and
solvents were the most readily available materials. Coal tar, bayhouse
dust, waste oil, lint slurry, listed as available, have, attracted
inquiries. Hastewater sludges, filter cakes, and fly ash have been
ignored. The exchange which has stimulated interest in other areas of
the country, has the active support of governmental agencies and
environmental groups. Operations and procedures of the exchange are
noted.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; FLY ASH; HABKET; BISSOURI; PaOGBAH; REFUSE;
SLUDGE; SOLVENT; ST LOUIS; SOLFOfi; BASTE HATER
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS38J75
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hackay, B. B. , Jr. Sow's ear becoaes silk purse
thanks to St. Louis matchmaker. Solid Hastes Management, 19(8):38, 63,
lug. 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 039121
(2) DOflESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: A new concept involving waste swapping is developing
in which industry trade associations, regional chambers of commerce, or
other groups serve as matchmakers for manufacturers trying to unload or
obtain chemical wastes. However, exchanges cannot make a significant
impact on overall waste ianagemeat problems. For instance, in some
areas wastes generated do not have any potential for exchange. In a
soon to be published Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study, it is
thought that the exchange of waste chemicals between firms may be an
attractive alternative for certain materials although other types of
treatment and disposal facilities are not going to be replaced. The EPA
study has focussed on the results of the current European
clearinghouses where only about 10 percent of offered wastes were
actually exchanged. A chemical's likelihood of being exchanged depends
upon transportation costs involved and degree of contaaination. EPA
hopes to encourage trade association sponsored clearinghouses;
governmental sponsorship is not considered a good idea.
(12) KEYHORDS: ASSOC; CHEMICAL; EPA; EUROPE; INDUSTRY; BANAGEHENT;
BABKET; RECLAMATION; REGIONAL; RESEARCH
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS38165
(18) DOC.CIT.: Ricci, L. J. Chemical waste swapping: promising, but
no panacea. Chemical Engineering, 83 (14) :UU-48, July 5, 1976.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 038<*70
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SOBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAH: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The waste exchange systems, very popular in Europe
and in Japan, are discussed as important centers for exchanging
industrial residues and information. Through their activity they promote
the reuse and recycling of substances which otherwise would be disposed
of as wastes, and thus help to reduce the waste volume. The European
waste exchange centers are described and the problems arising in the
tease and recycling of residues discussed. However, recycling is
21
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WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
counteracted by the careless mixing ot different residues as well as by
the increasing tendency to more heterogenous products and materials. In
lodcrn vaste economy the technical and economical factors are decisive
factors involved in reducing the waste volume, sparing resources and
protecting the environment. Accordingly, industry should be left 'enough
room in this field to develop new means and concepts in free
enterprise. The concept of an international waste exchange program is
also discussed.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISCUSSION; EUROPE; INDUSTRY; INTERNATIONAL; JAPAN;
BAHKET; MIDDLE EAST; RECLAMATION; RESIDUE; SYSTEM
(15) STIMS ACC.HO.: OOSJ751U
(18) DOC.CIT.: Mueller, I. , and D. Schottelius. Haste exchange as
a solution to industrial waste problens. Israel Journal of Chemistry,
14:226-233, July 1975.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 037185
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1976
(11) ABSTRACT: The waste exchange concept in materials recycling is
examined. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources sponsored a
conference in 1975 to discuss hazardous waste management methods. The
outgrowth of the conference was "a task force appointed to study and
promote the recovery of recyclable raw materials from the industrial
waste stream. The St. Louis Industrial Waste Exchange was set up to
locate industrial wastes and provide a market forum with a view toward
avoiding waste disposal whenever possible and promoting recycling. In
the planning stages, two alternatives were open to the exchange: (1). be
active in transactions; or (2) perform the function'of matching buyer
and seller and establish the oasis for a trade relationship between
companies who have common interests in certain waste byproducts. The
latter alternative was chosen. The exchange has issued a comprehensive
industrial waste exchange list. When industrial waste listings are
received, the exchange assigns each item a code number to which
inquiries are referred. Industrial wastes are also categorized as
available or wanted. Any firm who wishes to list an item pays a fee of
$5. 00 per item which entitles the listing to appear for a specified
length of time.
(12) KEYWORDS: ASSOC; CONFERENCE; GOVERNMENT; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
INFORMATION; MARKET; MISSOUK1; PLANNING; RECLAMATION; ST LOUIS
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS36230
(18) DOC.CIT.: Hoyt, K. E. tiore spent acid than Heinz has pickles.
Waste Age, 7(U):2t, 26, Apr. 1976.
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 03U676
(2) DOMESTIC: P (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: Western Midlands (Great Britain) is organizing a
sub-regional waste material exchange. Factors involved in establishing
such an exchange include knowledge, experience, contacts, and the
industrialists' attitude. The efficiency of industrial handling of
wastes is often of poor quality. Industry can be near-sighted and
limited in its attitudes. .Che primary advantages or a. successful
exchange are financial savings tor the producing and using companies,
and environmental protection. While the exchange scheme is well under
nay, there are a few negative aspects; private enterprise tends to be
wary of having its competitors learn too much about its activities.
Some waste disposal contractors have not been thrilled by the exchange.
since the latter can make them loose contracts. One essential criterion
22
-------
ORGANIZATION
to be net if the exchange wants to prosper is an increase in puolicity
aimed at the riqht people, while maintaining a strict level of
confidentaility. Western Midlands is justified in pointing out a
national scheme since there is a great range of materials on ofrer and
a favorable response to wanted materials. The dangers of expansion are
the possibility of having to change the techniques which were tue cause
of the initial success. The county exchange project would recieve a
tremendous forward push if the Control of Pollution Act were applied.
Even without this legislation, the exchange has a very favorable start
and prospects for expansion.
(12) KEYWORDS: CENTRALIZED; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; INDGSTfilf; LAH;
MANAGEMENT; MARKET; PLANNING; PSOCESS; RECLAMATION
(15) STIBS ACC.NO.: OOS33720
(18) DOC.CIT.: Support your local wastes exchange. Surveyor.
1U6<4339) :20-23, Aug. 8, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO. : 034264
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: These articles discuss efforts being made to
establish a wastes exchange aaoug companies in the St. Louis, Missouri
area and the anticipated ban on non-recyclable beverage bottles and
cans sold on Federal property. Chemical process companies with
operations in the St. Louis area ire working with State and Federal
agencies to develop an industrial waste exchange among the companies.
The exchange would serve as a clearinghouse, providing lists of
available waste materials and solicitations for materials that might be
found in waste streams. Current efforts are directed at finding a
sponsor who would could be trusted to keep waste figures and
information confidential. Tne U. S. Environmental rrotection Agency is
considering a regulation banning the sale of non-returnable beverage
containers on Federal property. Both private industry and other
governmental agencies are opposed to the ban on the basis that it would
increase costs and reduce jobs.
(12) KEYWORDS: BOTTLE; CAN-FOOD; CHEMICAL; DISPOSABLES; ECONOMICS;
EPA; FEDERAL; INDUSTRY; MISSOURI; PROBLEMS; RECLAMATION; REGIONAL;
BEGOLATIONS; ST LOUIS; UTILIZE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS33308
(18) DOC.CIT.: Top of tne news: wastes exchange sought; no-deposits
a no-no? Chemical Week, 117(12):17, Sept. 17, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 033987
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEJOfiY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: T MO) PtfB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the development of a data base
for the exchange and recycling of hazardous wastes. The Office of Solid
Haste Management Programs (OS*ttP) of the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) believes that the implementation of the industrial waste
exchange concept provides a viable method for alleviating the hazardous
industrial wastes disposal problems in this country. The literature
indicates that industrial wa^te exchange clearinghouses have been
established in at least six European countries in recent years. These
waste exchange clearinghouses are genarally operated by a national
industrial association. Advertisements are used to make the
availability of wastes known, although the source of the waste remains
confidential. At least one private firm in tne United States uas been
established as brokerage to expedite the exchange of wastes for its
customers. Although OSHMP does not intend to organize or manage an
23
-------
WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
industrial waste utilization clearinghouse at this time, it is funding
a study of the European waste clearinghouse and other institutional
arrangements through which a viable industrial waste utilization
exchange, and recycling program could be iopleinented in the United
States. It is suggested that the first American exchanges will probably
operate in specific regions rather than nationally as a result of the
high cost of transporting wastes long distances. A systematic
methodology will be developed to assess the potential uses for
industrial and waste streams arid will be demonstrated tor at least 50
industrial waste streams. A clearinghouse implementation program will
fce also developed. (This document is retained in the 5WIRS library. )
(12) KEYWORDS: DATA; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; HAZARDOUS; INDUSTRY;
HASAGEHENT; OSWHP; PLANNING; PROBLEttS; RECLAMATION ; RESEARCH; SYSTEM;
UTILIZE
(15) STIHS ACC.MO.: OOSJ3031
(18) DOC.CIT.: Porter, C. H. Development of a data base for the
exchange and recycling hazardous wastes. In Proceedings; National
Conference on Management and Disposal of Residues from the treatment of
Industrial Hastewaters, Washington, D. C. , Feb. 3-5, 1975. Rockville,
Maryland, Information Transfer, Inc. p. 261-263.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 033446
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 16 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEifi: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The United Kingdom Haste Materials Exchange was
recently set up by the Department of Industry in Great Britain as a
•eans of conserving energy. It is concerned with waste materials
originating from manufacturing processes but excluding wastes from
domestic sources, second hand equipment, and related materials for
which adequate commercial markets already exist. It hopefully will
assist in removing polluting materials from the environment as well as
contributinq to the conservation of resources. It will be operated
initially for^ 2 . years by the Barren Spring Laboratory of the Department
of Industry and will be free to participants.
(12) KEYWORDS: DISPOSAL; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENT; GREAT BRITAIN;
ISDDSTEY; POLLUTION; RECLAMATION
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS32U90
(18) DOC.CIT.: Leader. Mining Technology, 57(653) :Mar. 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 0329BO
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YE4H: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The Department of Industry of the British Government
has decided to set up a Haste Materials Exchange after consultations
with representatives of the chemical industries. This exchange will
concern itself with materials resulting from manufacturing processes.
Household wastes and wastes from industry which already have
established markets would be excluded. The aims of the Exchange include
both environmental protection by reusing uaterials that would otherwise
become pollutants and conservation scarce resources. For the first 2
years the Exchange will be run by the Department of Industry's Harren
Spring Laboratory. The function of the Exchange will be to collect and
publish information on available waste products and to forward such
information to interested buyers. A quarterly, bulletin will be
published and attempts are being made to see that it gets a wide
circulation. The use of the Exchange will be free, but participants are
requested to keep the center informed of successes in order to
adequately monitor performance. The National Industrial Materials
Recovery Association was set up by the British Government in 1942. It
publishes information about waste materials and used equipment for
which markets already exist, therefore, differing from Exchange
Addresses for both these organizations are included.
(12) KEYWORDS: CENTRALIZED; CHEMICAL; EUROPE; FEDERAL; GOVERNMENT;
GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; flASKET; RECLAMATION
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS32024
(18) DOC.CIT.: U. K. Waste Materials Exchange. Solid Hastes,
6<*(3):122, Bar. 1975.
24
-------
Section 5
OPERATION AND PROCESSING
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 04b2JO
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Waste exchange wins Ottawa support.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Canadian Chemical Processing
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GEO. AkEA: 1CA (10) FOR. YEAR: 1978
(11) ABSTRACT: Utilizing processing wastes as feedstocks instead of
natural raw materials is feasible, but more information will need to be
exchanged between producers of waste and those who can use the
•aterial. The Ontario Researcn Foundation (OfiF), under a two year
program funded by Environment Canada, is gathering input (by •ail) froi
all industries. OBF will ask waste producers to provide data on their
materials and concurrently asK other processors to state what kinds of
•atenials they need as feedstocks. Transport data will also be
requested. All the returns will be compiled by o&F staff and published
six tines yearly in a new bulletin. This will be the first formalized
exchange in Canada operated solely as an infotaation clearinghouse for
waste producers and potential users. The ORF bulletin will have three
sections; waste available foe sale, waste wanted, and waste
reprocessing and transportation services. All listings, except
reprocessing services, will be'confidential. Wastes will be classified
under ten chemical categories and according to geographical region
where the waste is available or wanted. Total costs for operating the
exchange for the two year period are estimated to be between $102,000
and $136,000.
(12) KEYWORDS: CANADA; CHEMICAL; DATA; FEED; INFORMATION;
RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TEfiMS: 1PV; 1RG
(15) STINS ACC.NO.: OOS47283
(16) CITATION: 62(1) :22, Jan. 1978.
(1) SHIBS ACC.NO.: 045821
(2) DOMESTIC: D (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUbJ.TYPE: S; T
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: fermentation of waste materials to produce
industrial intermediates.
(4) AUTHOR: Compere AL
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Devts Indus Micro
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) PUB. YEAB: 1976.
(11) ABSTRACT: Production of usable products through fermentation
of wastes is considered. While methane can be produced, it is not
economically worthwhile. Lactic acid can be obtained through
fermentation of waste whey; ion exchange techniques, using a benchscale
aerobic upflow packed bed reactor, are employed in recovering the acid.
Additional acids, more valuable than methane, can be produced by
fermentation: acetic, propionic, butyric, and succinic.
(12) KEYWORDS: ACID; ANAEROBIC; ECONOMICS; FERMENTATION; IOS
EXCHANGE; METHANE; RECLAMATION
(14) HIERARCH TERMS: 1AB/2AA; 1FD/2FY; 1PM; 1SB
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS44870 (15) SECONDARY AUTHORS: Griffith BL
(16) CITATION: 17:247-252, 1976.
25
-------
WASTE EXCHANGES AND CLEARINGHOUSES
(1) SWIRS ACC.NO.: 035U16
(2) DOMESTIC: 0 (2) CAT1MORY: 12 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The nation's first industrial waste exchange lias beeu
established in St. Louis, Missouri. It is intended to operate as a
trading organization through whicn conpanies can offer waste products
for sale and buyers can bid foe them. This exchange is being run under
the St. Louis Regional Commerce 6 Growth Association. It is patterned
after similar exchanges that operate in Europe. The Exchange will list
only materials for which markets are not already established which
eliminates the trading of waste paper. Conceivably other papermaking
waste products like spent cheaicals, bark, and sawdust could be put on
the Exchange.
(12) KEYWORDS: ASSOC; BARK; CHEMICAL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; INDUSTRY;
MARKET; MISSOURI; PAPER; RECLAMATION; riEGIONAL; SAWDUST; ST LOUIS
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS34461
(18) DOC.CIT. : Industrial waste exchange. Paper Trade Journal,
159(26) :70, Nov. 15, 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 03U461
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 07 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G (10) PUB.
YEAR: 1975
(11) ABSTRACT: The Department of Industry or Great Britain is
establishing a United Kingdom Haste Materials Exchange which will be
concerned with waste materials originating from manufacturing
trocesses, excluding domestic source wastes and second hand equipment
and scrap for which an adequate market already exists. A registry of
the notifications of wastes for disposal and materials required is
being established which will fulfill two purposes. First, it is used in
the production of a guarterly bulletin, listing tne materials for
distribution to the participants. Secondly, it can be used to produce
statistical analyses for the quantities available for a particular
•aterial, as well as the reguirements for it. The Exchange will operate
initially for 2 years by the Warren Spring Laboratory of the Department
of Industry and is free to participants.
(12) KEYWORDS: GREAT BRITAIN; INDUSTRY; MANUAL; MABKET;
RECLAMATION; PEFUSE
(15) STIMS ACC.NO.: OOS33505
(18) DOC.CIT.: The UK waste materials exchange. Hater and Haste
Treatment, 18(6):16, June 1975.
(1) SHIRS ACC.NO.: 045085
(2) DOMESTIC: F (2) CATEGORY: 20 (2) SUBJ.TYPE: G
(3) ARTICLE TITLE: Haste exchange.
(6) JOURNAL TITLE: Australian Plastics and Rubber
(10) LANGUAGE: EN (10) GriO. ABEA: 1AU (10) PUB. YEAH: 1977
(11) ABSTRACT: To conserve ran materials and redact demand for
waste disposal space, recycling of waste in Australia is promoted. AD
industrial waste exchange program is outlined,-whicn will put waste
generators in toach with tae potential users of waste. Successful
transactions will result as the waste generator will not have to pay
disposal costs, and the waste recipient will.save on raw materials
cost. A register to record waste ottered or needed is described.
(12) KEYWORDS: AUSTRALIA; DISPOSAL; INDUSTRY; RECLAMATION; UEFUSE
(14) rilEBARCH TERMS: 1DD/2DL; 1IC/2JA; 1 SB
(15) STIHS ACC.NO.: OOS44131
(16) CITATION: 28(4) :7, April 1977.
26
-------
Appendix A
ABBREVIATIONS
Administration
Agrarie
Agricultural
Agriculture
America(n)
Annals, Annali, Annales
Applied
Archiv (e, e«)
Association (cion)
Australasian
Berichte
British
Buildings
Bulletin
Canada(ian)
Chemical, Chemistry
Company
Communication(s)
Control
Conservation Development
Deutschen
Corporation
Department
Division
Energy
Engineer (s)
Engineering
Environment
Environmental
Experimental
Government
Highway(s)
Incorporated
Indian
Industrial
Industry
Institute
Institution
International
Izvestlya
Japan
Japanese
Journal
Laboratory
Limited
Management
Manufacture(r)
Materials
Metallurgical, Metallurgy
Microbiology (ical, ia)
Mining
National
New
Number
Organization
Packaging
Pollution
Proceedings
Production
Admin
Agra
Agric
Agri
Amer
Ann
Appl
Arch
Assoc
Austral
Ber
Brit
Bldg(s)
Bull
Can
Chen
Co
Comm
Contr
Conser Devt
Deutsch
Corp
Dept
Div
Ener
Engr(s)
Engring
Env
Environ
Eptl
Govt
Hgwy(s)
Inc
Indn
Indus
Ind
Inst
Instit
Inter
Izv
Jpn
Jpnse
J
Lab
Ltd
Mgmt
Manuf
Mater
Metall
Micro
Mng
Natl
N
No.
Org
Pkg
Poll
Proc
Prod
27
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Professional Prof
Publication(s) Pub(s)
Reclamation Reclam
Reporc(s) Rpt(s)
Research Rsch
Resource Res
Review(s), Revue, Revista Rev
Service(s) Svc(s)
Science(s) Sci
South S
Technological Technol
Technology, Technische, Techn- Tech
ica, etc.
Toxicology Toxicol
Transactions Trans
Treatment Trtmt
University and variations Univ
United States U.S.
Water Wtr
Wissenschaftlichen Wissen
Zeitschrift Zeit
Zentrallblatt Zent
Zhurnal Zh
28
-------
Appendix B
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS
acre (acre) millimeter (mm)
acre-foot (acre-ft) mile (mile)
centimeter (cm) newton (N)
cubic centimeter (cu cm) one kilogram force (kgf)
cubic foot (cu ft) one pound force (Ibf)
cubic inch (cu in) pascal (Fa)
cubic meter (cu m) pound (Ib)
cubic meters per minute pounds per square foot (psf)
(cu m/min)
pounds per square inch (psi)
cubic yard (cu yd)
square centimeter (sq cm)
ft (ft)
square foot (sq ft)
gallon (gal)
square inch (sq In)
gallons per minute
(gal/min) square kilometer (sq km)
hectare (ha) square meter (sq m)
inch (in) square mile (sq mile)
kilogram (kg) square yard (sq yd)
meter (m) ton (ton)
yard (yd)
Months of the Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct .
Nov.
Dec.
29
-------
Appendix C
LANGUAGE CODES
Language Coda
Mixed AA
Afrikaans A?
Albanian AL
Aaharic AR
Arabic AR
Armenian AE
Belorussian BE
(White Russian)
Bulgarian BU
Burmese BR
Cambodian CA
Cantonese CH
Chinese CH
Croatian CR
Czech CZ
Danish DA
Dutch DU
English EH
Estonian ES
Finnish FI
Flemish FL
French FR
Georgian GE
German GM
Greek GR
Gujarati GU
Hebrew HE
Hindi HI
Hindustani HI
Hungarian (Magyar) HU
Icelandic 1C
Indonesian MI
Italian IT
Japanese JA
Javanese JV
Kashmiri KA
Khmer CA
Kirundi KI
Korean KO
Latin LA
Latvian LN
Lithuanian LI
Language
Lingala
Macedonian
Malayan
Malayalam
Malay-Indonesian
Malagasy
Maltese
Mandarin
Marathi
Mongolian
Nepali
Ngala
Norwegian
Papuan
Persian
Polish
Portugese
Punjabi
Pustu
Romanian
Russian
Rwanda
Servian
Sinhalese
Slovak
Slovene
Somali
Spanish
Swahili
Swedish
Tagalog
Tamil
Telugu
Thai
Tibetan
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Vietnamese
White Russian
Yiddish
Code
NG
MC
ML
MA
MI
MS
MT
CH-
MR
MO
NE
NG
NO
PA
PE
PO
PR
PU
PS
RO
RU
RW
SE
SI
SL
SV
SO
SP
sw
SD
TA
TM
TE
TH
TI
TU
UK
UR
VI
BE
YI
30
-------
Appendix D
HIERARCHIC TERMS
IAC ACCIDENT
(See also PETROCHEMICALS)
1AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
(See also ANIMALS, MANURE, FOOD PROCESSING)
2C8 CROP RESIDUE
2LW LOGGING WASTES
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1AI AIR POLLUTION
2AN ANALYSIS
2C2 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
2DU DUMPS
2FD FEEDLOTS
2IC INCINERATOR
2 IN INDUSTRY
2LF LAWS
2SQ SMOKE CONTROL
1AL ALGAE
CSee MICROORGANISM)
IAN ANALYSIS
1AQ ANIMALS
(See also MANURE)
2CD CARCASS
2FD FEEDLOTS
2VC VECTOR CONTROL
1AS ASH
2CN COMPOSITION
2DP DISPOSAL
2UT UTILIZATION
1AU AUTOMOBILES
2BU BURNING
2CL COLL2CTION
2C8 COSTS
2DP DISPOSAL
21C INCINERATION
2LF LAWS
2QU QUANTITY
2RT RAIL TRANSPORT
2TT TRANSPORT
2OT UTILIZATION
2VR VOLUME REDUCTION
1AY AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
(See also AUTOMOBILES)
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
31
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
1BC
1BL
1BO
BACTERIA
(See MICROORGANISMS)
1C?
1CH
BALING
2ET
2PO
2SC
BULKY WASTES
2CL
2DP
2TT
2UT
2VR
CELLULOSE
CHEMICALS
2 IN
EQUIPMENT
PAPER
SCRAP METAL
COLLECTION
DISPOSAL
TRANSPORT
UTILIZATION
VOLUME REDUCTION
2PC"
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
ICO
1CP
ICQ
COLLECTION
CSee also
2CJ
2CM
2CZ
2C1
2C6
2ET
2FR
2 IN
2IW
2LP
2MY
2PH
2PQ
2RO
2RH
2TU
COMPACTION
2ET
COMPOST
2 AN
2 HE
2MG
2UT
COMPOSTING
2CC
2CF
2C6
2 DP
2ET
2 HE
2IC
2 IT
2LF
2MX
CONTAINERS)
CHUTE SYSTEMS
COMMERCIAL WASTES
CONTAINERS
CONTRACTORS
COSTS
EQUIPMENT
FREQUENCY
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
LAWS
MUNICIPAL WASTES
PERSONNEL
PNEUMATIC
ROUTES
RURAL AREAS
TRUCKS
EQUIPMENT
ANALYSIS
HEALTH AND SAFETY
MARKETS
UTILIZATION
TANNERY WASTES
CELLULOSE
COSTS
DISPOSAL
EQUIPMENT '
HEALTH AND SAFETY
INCINERATION
INSTALLATIONS
LAWS
METHODS
32
-------
HIERARCHIC TEEMS
2PO PAPER
2PS PROBLEMS
2SI SEPARATION OF NON-ORGANICS
2SP SLUDGE
1CT COMPUTER
(See MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING)
IOC CONSTRUCTION
(See also DEMOLITION WASTES)
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3OT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1C2 CONTAINERS
2DP DISPOSAL
IDA DAIRY (INDUSTRY)
IDE DEEP WELL STORAGE
1DM DEMOLITION WASTES
(See also CONSTRUCTION)
1DP DISPOSAL
(See also INDIVIDUAL METHODS)
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2CM COMMERICAL WASTES
2C6 COSTS
2DG DREDGING
2FC FACILITIES
2HC HAZARDOUS WASTE
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2IH INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2MX METHODS
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2RP RESEARCH
2RV RURAL AREAS
1DR DRUGS
(See also PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES)
1DU DUMPS
2EL ELIMINATION
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2LF LAWS
1EC ECONOMICS
2C6 COSTS
2MG MARKETS
2TX TAXES
1EI EDUCATION
2PH PERSONNEL
2PO PROFESSIONAL
2PV PUBLIC
33
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
IBM
IBP
1ET
ENERGY
2EC
2RO
2UT
ECONOMICS
REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
UTILIZATION
1FE
1FI
1FL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
2 AN ANALYSIS
2BR BALERS
2CL COLLECTION
2CO COMPACTION
2C3 CONVEYOR
2HM HAMMERMILLING
2MB MATERIALS HANDLING
2SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
2SG SANITARY LANDFILL
2SI SEPARATORS - FITTERS
2SK SHEARING
2SL SHREDDING
2SU SPREADING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2WT WASTEWATER TREATMENT (CONTROL EQUIPMENT)
FERTILIZER
CSe« also COMPOST, HAZARDOUS)
2DP DISPOSAL
2RF REFUSE DERIVED FERTILIZER
FIRE
FLY ASH
2AN
2DP
2MS
2RC
2SS
2UT
ANALYSIS
DISPOSAL
MINE STABILIZATION
RECOVERY 0? CONSTITUENTS
SOIL CONDITIONER
UTILIZATION
3AR AGGREGATE
1FO
1FU
1GA
FOOD PROCESSING HASTES
2BG BAGASSE
2BIC BAKERY
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESST^
2BW BREWERY
2CC CANNERY
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2CK COFFEE
20A DAIRY
2DP DISPOSAL
2FR FRUITS
2GF GRAIN AND FEED CROPS
2MF MEAT PACKING PLANTS
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2MU MOLASSES
2PA POULTRY
2SE SEAFOOD
2SO SLAUGHTERHOUSE
2SX SUGAR
2UT UTILIZATION
2VG VEGETABLE
FUNGI
CSe« MICROORGANISMS)
GARBAGE GRINDING
34
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HIERARCHIC TEWS
1GL GLASS
2IN INDUSTRIAL PASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
30T OTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
30T UTILIZATION
1GR GRANTS
1GW GROUND HATER
1HC HAZARDOUS HASTES
(See also RADIOACTIVE HASTES, HOSPITALS, PESTICIDES)
2AN ANALYSIS
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
1HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
1HH HEAT RECOVERY
(See INCINERATION)
1HO HOG FEEDING
1HS HOSPITALS
(See also INSTITUTIONAL HASTES; HAZARDOUS HASTES)
2CL COLLECTION
2DI DISPOSABLE ITEMS
2DP DISPOSAL
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IC INCINERATION
1IC INCINERATION
(See also SPECIFIC HASTES)
2AI AIR POLLUTION
2CM COMMERCIAL HASTES
2CQ COMPOSTING
2C6 COSTS
2EM EMISSIONS
2ET EQUIPMENT
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2IH INSTITUTIONAL HASTES
2LF LAWS
2MC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2MY MUNICIPAL HASTES
2OS ON SITE
2PE PLANT DESIGN
2PG PLANT OPERATION
2PS PROBLEMS
2RS RESIDUE
2SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
2WA HASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
2WE HATER POLLUTION
HE INCINERATOR
2FB FLUIDIZED BED
20P OPEN PIT
2RK ROTARY KILN
2SP SLUDGE
2ST SPECIAL PURPOSE
35
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Iffl INDUSTRIAL WASTES
(See also SPECIFIC INDUSTRY, SPECIFIC TREATMENT METHODS)
2AM ANALYSIS
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CG CENTRALIZED DISPOSAL PLANT5
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2EF EFFLUENT CHARGES
2LF LAWS
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2PY PYROLYSIS
2SJ SEWAGE
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2UT UTILIZATION
IIS INSECTS
1IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT OTILIZATION
1LC LAGOONS
1LD LAND RECLAMATION
CS«« also MINES, SANITARY LANDFILL)
1LF LAMS
2CL COLLECTION
2DP DISPOSAL
2ER ENFORCEMENT
2FF FEDERAL
2 IB INTERNATIONAL
2MB MUNICIPAL
2SW STATE
1LH LEACHATE
(.See also SANITARY LANDFILL, WATER POLLUTION)
1LR LITTER
2CB CAMPAIGNS
2C6 COST OF REMOVAL
2RJ RECREATION AREAS
1LU LUMBER
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
30* UTILIZATION
IMA MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2C7 COUNTY
2FF FEDERAL
2IB INTERNATIONAL
2MB MUNICIPAL
2UI REGIONAL
2SM RURAL
2SW STATE
2tQ TECHSIQUIS
-------
HIERARCHIC TEEMS
1KB MANURE
CSee also ANIMALS)
2CE CATTLE
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2PA POULTRY
2PT PROCESSING
2SL SHEEP
2SN STORAGE
2SZ SWINE
2UT UTILIZATION
IMG MARKETS
1MI METAL, FERROUS
2EC ECONOMICS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2SC SCRAP
2SN SLAG
2SY SWARF
1MK METAL, NON-FERROUS
2AM ALUMINUM
2C4 COPPER
2EC ECONOMICS
2HV HEAVY
2LB LEAD
2NI NICKEL
2PK PRECIOUS METALS
2TI TIN
2ZI ZINC
1MM MICROORGANISMS
1MO MINERALS
1MR MINES
CSee also LAND RECLAMATION)
1MT MINING INDUSTRY
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1MV MONITORING
1MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
(See also REFUSE)
2CO COMPACTION
2DP DISPOSAL
2SH SEPARATION
2TT TRANSPORT
2UT UTILIZATION
1NO NOISE
IOC OCEAN DISPOSAL
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
37
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
2IW INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
2ZX INTERNATIONAL CONTROL
2MY MUNICIPAL WASTES
2SP SLUDGE.
10F ODOR CONTROL
10L OIL
1PB PACKAGING WASTES
2DP DISPOSAL
2PT PROCESSING
2UT UTILIZATION
1PD PAPER AND PULP
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2NE NEWSPAPERS
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1PF PATHOGENIC WASTES
1PH PERSONNEL
1PJ PESTICIDES
1PL PETROCHEMICALS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2OI OIL SPILLS
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1PN PHARMACEUTICAL WASTES
1PP PLANNING
1PR PLASTICS
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1PT PROCESSING
1PV PUBLIC RELATIONS
(See EDUCATION)
1PY PVROLYSIS
(See also INCINERATION)
1RD RADIOACTIVE WASTES
(See also HAZARDOUS WASTES)
38
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HIERABCHIC TERMS
2BP DISPOSAL
2SW STORAGE
1RG RECLAMATION
(See SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION)
1RJ RECREATIONAL AREAS
(See also LAND RECLAMATION)
1RM REDUCTION
1RN REFUSE
(See also SPECIFIC TYPES)
2CA CALORIFIC VALUE
2CO COMPOSITION
2QU QUANTITY
1RP RESEARCH
(See SPECIFIC TOPICS; GRANT)
1RR RESOURCE RECOVERY
1RD RUBBER
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2TS TIRES
1SB SAFETY
(See HEALTH AND SAFETY)
1SD SALVAGE AND RECLAMATION
(See also SPECIFIC TYPES)
1SF SAND
1SG SANITARY LANDFILL
(See also LAND RECLAMATION; SPECIFIC WASTES)
2CQ COMPOSTING
2C6 COSTS
2DC DECOMPOSITION
2DS DESIGN
2ET EQUIPMENT
2GS GASSES
2GW GROUND WATER
2MC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
2OE OPERATIONS
2RL REGULATIONS
2SL SHREDDING
2SO SITES
ISI SEPARATION
2CH CHEMICAL
2LS LIQUID-SOLID
2MD MECHANICAL
2ML METAL
2MX METHODS
2RN REFUSE
1SJ SEWAGE
(See also SLUDGE]
2AN ANALYSIS
39
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HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IP IRRADIATION PROCESSING
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
1SL SHREDDING
1SN SLAG
CSee METAL, FERROUS)
ISO SLAUGHTERHOUSE
CSee FOOD PROCESSING HASTES)
ISP SLUDGE
(See also INDUSTRIAL WASTES)
2AN ANALYSIS
2BP BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
2CI CHEMICAL PROCESSING
2C6 COSTS
2DP DISPOSAL
2ET EQUIPMENT
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2HP HEAT PROCESSING
2IP IRRADIATION PROCESSING
2MP MECHANICAL PROCESSING
2TT TRANSPORTATION
2UT UTILIZATION
1SR SNOW REMOVAL
1ST SOIL
1SU SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1SW STORAGE
2CZ CONTAINERS
2C6 COSTS
2LF LAWS
2MX METHODS
2SO SITES
1SX STREET CLEANING
1SY SURVEYS
1SZ SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
CSee MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING)
ITS TANNERY WASTES
1TE TEXTILES
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
2PC POST CONSUMER WASTES
3DP DISPOSAL
3PT PROCESSING
3UT UTILIZATION
1TM TOXIC MATERIALS
(See also HAZARDOUS WASTES)
40
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HIERARCHIC TERMS
1TR TRANSFER STATIONS
(See also COLLECTION)
ITT TRANSPORTATION
(Sea also SPECIFIC WASTES)
2C6 COSTS
2MX METHODS
2PM PIPELINES
2PQ PNEUMATIC
2RB RAILROADS
2SN SHIPS
2TK TRDCKS
1TV TREATMENT
(See PROCESSING)
1TY TREES
(See BULKY HASTES; LUMBER)
1VC VECTOR CONTROL
(See ANIMALS; INSECTS)
1VG VEGETATION
1VR VOLUME REDUCTION
1HE WATER POLLUTION
(See also GROUND WATER)
2AG AGRICULTURAL WASTES
2AN ANALYSIS
2CM COMMERCIAL WASTES
2C2 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
2EC ECONOMICS
2HE HEALTH AND SAFETY
2IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES
2LF LAWS
2Jff MUNICIPAL WASTES
2SJ SEWAGE
1WO WOOD
(See LUMBER)
41
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Appendix E
GEOGRAPHIC CODES
1AF Africa
IAN Antarctica
IAS Asia
1AU Australia
1CA Canada
1CB Caribbean
1EU Europe
IMA Marshall Islands
1MB Mexico
1MI Middle Bast
1NZ New Zealand
ISA South America
1SU Soviet Onion
1US United States
2AA Alabama
2AC Alaska
2AE Alberta
2AG American Samoa
2AZ Arizona
2AN Argentina
2AR Arkansas
2AS Austria
2BE Belgium
2BI Brazil
2BR British Columbia
2CA California
2CH China (Mainland)
2CI China (Taiwan)
2CO Colorado
2CT Connecticut
2CZ Czechoslovakia
2DE Delaware
2DN Denmark
2DT District of Columbia
2FI Finland
2FL Florida
2FR France
2GB Gabon
2GE Georgia
2GM Germany (East)
2GN Germany (West)
2GU Guam
2HI Hawaii
2HK Hong Kong
2HU Hungary
2IA Idaho
211 Illinois
2IL India
2IN Indiana
210 Indonesia
2IQ Iowa
2IR Ireland
2IS Israel
2IT Italy
2JM Jamaica
2JP Japan
2KS Kansas
2Ky Kentucky
2LE Lebanon
2LI Libya
2LT Lithuania
2LU Louisiana
2MA Maine
2MD Maryland
2MH Massachusetts
2MI Melbourne
2MJ Michigan
2MN Minnesota
2MP Mississippi
2MR Missouri
2MT Montana
2MB Nebraska
2NE Nepal
2NF Netherlands
2NG Nevada
2NH New Hampshire
2NJ New Jersey
2NM New Mexico
2NQ New York
2NR North Carolina
2NT North Dakota
2NY Norway
20H Ohio
2OK Oklahoma
20N Ontario
2OR Oregon
2PC Pakistan
2PE Pennsylvania
2PJ Peru
2PL Poland
2PR Puerto Rico
2RI Rhode Island
2SA Saskatchewan
2SF South Africa
2SI South Carolina
2SK South Dakota
2SP Spain
2SR Sweden
2SU Switzerland
2SY Sydney
2TA Tasmania
2TE Tennessee
2TK Texas
2TN Thailand
2UG Uganda
2UK United Kingdom
2UT Utah
2VA Venezuela
2VE Vermont
2VI Victoria
2VN Virginia
2VR Virgin Islands
2WA Washington
2WR West Virginia
2WW Wisconsin
2WY Wyoming
2YU Yugoslavia
3AI Aiken
3AK Akron
42
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GEOGRAPHICAL
3AL Albany
3AM Ames
3AS Amsterdam
3AT Atlanta
3BA Baltimore
3BC Bangkok
3BI Basel
3BK Barking
3BL Bavaria
3BN Berkeley
3BR Berlin
3BS Birmingham
3BT Boston
3BV Bridgeport
3BW Broward
3CA Calumet
3CD Camden
3CF Casteljaloux
3CI Cheshire
3CJ Chicago
3CN Cincinnati
3CP Cleveland
3CT Clinton
3CU Columbus
3CY Cook
3CZ Czestochowa
3DE Denver
3DI Detroit
3DN Dublin
3DT Duluth
3DU Dusseldorf
3EB Ebingen
3ED Edinburgh
3EK Elk Creek
3EM Elmira
3EY Ely
3FB Fairbanks
3FI Finham
3FL Flagstaff
3FN Frankfort
3FR Franklin
3SA St. Croix
3SC St. Joseph
3SD St. Louis
3SE St. Paul
3SG St. Petersburg
3SI San Diego
3SN San Francisco
3SO Santa Ana
3SP Santa Barbara
3SR Savannah
3ST Stockholm
3SU Stuttgart
3TA Tel Aviv
3TC Tocks Island
3TK Tokyo
3TN Toronto
3TO Trenton
3TR Tripoli
3TU Tucson
3VC Venice
3GA Gainesville
3GE Geneva
3GL Glasgow
3HA Hague
3HF Haifa
3HG Hamburg
3HJ Hanford
3HL Harlem
3HM Hartford
3HO Honolulu
3HR Hopewell
3HXJ Houston
3IT Ithaca
3JE Jerusalem
3JH Johannesburg
3JP Joplin
3KC Kansas City
3KH Karlsruhe
3KN Knox
3KS Kosovo
3KW Kracow
3LC Lancaster
3LI Lima
3LL Liverpool
3LO London
3LS Los Angeles
3LY Lycoming
3MA Madras
3MO Madrid
3MH Manchester
3MI Maui
3ML Melbourne
3MM Miami
3MO Milwaukee
3MP Minneapolis
3MR Mobile
3MT Montgomery
3MU Munich
3MY Muskegon
3NA Nashville
3ND New Delhi
3NL New Orleans
3NO New York City
3NR Niagara
3NU Nurnberg
3OC Ochtrup
3OT Ottawa
3PA Paris
3PC Passaic
3PH Philadelphia
3PN Phoenix
3PS Pinellas
3PW Piscataway
3RC Rochester
3RO Rocky Flats
3VE Ventura
3VI Virginia Beach
3WA Walcheren
3WE Weidenau-Geisweid
3WK West Nyack
3WM Willamette River
3WY winnebago
3YO Yosemite
3ZU Zurich
43
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Appendix F
DOCUMENT CATEGORY CODES
01 AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Crop residues
Manure
Timber/other vegetation
02 ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE
Data
03 AUTOMOBILES
04 BULKY WASTES
05 COLLECTION
06 COMPOST
07 DISPOSAL
08 ECONOMICS
Disposal costs
Financing facilities
Pollution control costs
Marketing information
Taxes and incentives
09 HAZARDOUS WASTES
10 HEALTH/SAFETY
11 INCINERATION
12 INDUSTRIAL WASTES
13 INSTITUTIONAL WASTES
14 LAWS/REGULATIONS
.15 LITTER
16 MANAGEMENT
Municipal
Regional
Rural
State
17 OCEAN DISPOSAL
18 PACKAGING
19 PROCESSING/REDUCTION
20 RECYCLING
Incinerator residue
Industrial wastes
Mining wastes
Municipal refuse
Scrap metal
21 RESEARCH
22 SANITARY LANDFILL
23 SEPARATION
24 SLUDGE
25 STORAGE
26 STREET CLEANING
27 TRAINING, EDUCATION,
PUBLIC RELATIONS
28 TRANSPORT
29 SOURCE REDUCTION
30 ENERGY
Demand, for solid waste
management
Fuel from wastes
Heat utilization from
incineration
uo!787d
SW-784
-jUS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1979-281-147/131
44
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EPA REGIONS
U.S. EPA, Region 1
Solid Waste Program
John F. Kennedy Bldg.
Boston, MA 02203
617-223-5775
U.S. EPA, Region 2
Solid Waste Section
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 1Q007
212-264-0503
U.S. EPA, Region 3
Solid Waste Program
6th and Walnut Sts.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
215-597-9377
U.S. EPA, Region 4
Solid Waste Program
345 Courtland St., N.E.
Altanta, GA 30308
404-881-3016
U.S. EPA, Region 5
Solid Waste Program
230 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, IL 60604
312-353-2197
U.S. EPA, Region 6
Solid Waste Section
1201 Elm St.
Dallas, TX 75270
214-767-2734
U.S. EPA, Region 7
Solid Waste Section
1735 Baltimore Ave.
Kansas City, MO 64108
816-374-3307
U.S. EPA, Region 8
Solid Waste Section
1860 Lincoln St.
Denver, CO 80295
303-837-2221
U.S. EPA, Region 9
Solid Waste Program
215 Fremont St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
415-556-4606
U.S. EPA, Region 10
Solid Waste Program
1200 6th Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
206-442-1260
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