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                                       AIR
                       Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $11,773,400 supported by  294.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,478,800 will  be for the Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation and  $294,600  for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.
The request represents  an increase of $506,200 and 12 total  workyears.

Program Description

     This subactivity provides  resources  for the  operation  and maintenance of  an
air quality management program in  each  of the Agency's ten Regional Offices.  The
Regional program, in partnership with  State and local air pollution control agen-
cies, has a major responsibility for meeting the  requirements of the Clean Air Act
and related EPA  regulations.   The air  management  program  provides  policy guid-
ance and technical  consultation to  States  in  the development  and  implementation
of the  strategies  and  regulatory  programs  for the  attainment  and  maintenance  of
National Ambient Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQSs).  The program  also  conducts  the
necessary regulatory review and coordination for approval  of  strategies  and  regula-
tions in State Implementation  Plans (SIPs)  submitted to EPA.  The Regional Offices
negotiate air quality program  grants  to  State and local  control agencies and pro-
vide oversight of the progress of  these  agencies   in  developing, implementing, and
enforcing regulatory programs.

     Extensive efforts  are  frequently necessary  to  provide  timely  and effective
guidance to States.  Under the Clean  Air Act, the  States  have primary  responsi-
bility for  preparing  attainment  strategies  and  meeting  the commitments  for  the
development and  implementation of  multiple regulatory programs  essential  to  the
attainment of  NAAQSs.  These programs  may have to be revised when  NAAQSs are re-
vised as a result of the  periodic  reviews by EPA.

     The 1977  Amendments  to the Act  also  impose new requirements  for  reviewing
and permitting new sources to  assure that they will  not cause deterioration  of air
quality in areas attaining the NAAQSs,  or  will not  delay attainment in areas not
yet attaining  the NAAQSs.   Effective guidance and  support  to States  assuming  respon-
sibility for these  review  and permitting requirements involve  extensive Regional
Office efforts.


AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT  IMPLEMENTATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $11,773,400 supported by  294.4 total workyears
for this program.  Of this  request, $11,478,800  is  for  the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and $294,600 is  for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropria-
tion.  The  request  is  an increase  of $506,200 for  Salaries and Expenses  and  12
total workyears.   The request  provides increased  support  to States for  completing
regulatory programs to  meet NAAQSs  and for improving  air toxics  programs.

     The resources  needed  for  the  review and approval  of  State regulatory plans
and actions will  ultimately decline  as   States  implement  regulatory  reforms,   as
EPA continues  to   streamline   its  review and  approval  process,  and   as  certain
regulatory planning tasks  are  completed.   There  will, however,  still   be  a sig-
nificant number   of plans  and  actions  requiring review  and  approval   in  1985,
especially for  areas  that  missed  the  statutory 1982  deadline  or that   cannot
                                       A-74

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adequately demonstrate attainment by  1987.   The Agency policy  for  the correction
of deficient SIPs and  the  imposition  of necessary sanctions  in  certain areas was
published on November 2, 1983.   The policy  povides  for a  case-by-case approach to
remedying the SIPs.   Implementation  of  the policy will  remain resource-intensive
during 1985.

     Direct Agency review and permitting of  new sources will be essentially elimi-
nated in  1985.    The   program  for  the   prevention   of significant  deterioration
(PSD) will be delegated to  the  few remaining States that do not have responsibility
for the  program.   Responsibility for  implementing   newly  promulgated New  Source
Performance Standards   (NSPSs)  and  National  Emission  Standards for  Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs) will  also  continue to be delegated.   The fewer  EPA  review
actions will  facilitate  the  provision   of air  management   support  activities  con-
sidered critical  to  the Agency's  goal  of increased State self-sufficiency, includ-
ing the implementation of the recommendations  of the Administrator's Task  Force on
State Federal Roles.   These  recommendations   called   for  increased  and  improved
program support  to States.   This  includes guidance and support for the transfer of
key regulatory programs  and  responsibilitips  to the States,  and   for  preparing
States to  respond effectively  to new emerging  programs and  air quality problems.

     Significant  resources  will  be  provided  to  assist  States in  developing the
necessary regulatory programs  for attainment  of  NAAQSs  within areas  missing the
1982 deadline.  Particular  attention  will   he   given  to  the  more  populated  urban
areas where  regulatory programs  may  require highly  complex  stationary and mobile
source controls.   Resources will  be provided to help a sizeable  number  of States
and local air pollution control  agencies  develop  programs to prevent vehicle tamper-
ing and  fuel  switching in  areas  not  attaining  NAAQSs  for  ozone,  carbon monoxide,
or nitrogen dioxide.  Also,  resources will  be  provided to help  States respond to
the anticipated  revised NAAQSs  for size-specific particulates.

     Major resources will be provided for improving the air toxics programs at the
Regional Offices, reflecting the  increasing  concern and evolving regulation of air
toxics by the Agency and the States.   In response  to provisions of various settle-
ments of  litigation against  the  Agency, SIP  approval or  promulgation  of Federal
plans will be required where States fail to  provide approvable SIPs  for  lead or
for the protection of  visibility. Court  ordered regulatory  changes on stack heights
will be  required.  The recently  developed National Air Audit  System will  be  fully
operational during 1985, implementing Agency policies  for  effective oversight and
audit of State regulatory programs.

     Additional  activities  supportive of this  request will support  other Regional
baseline air management  functions, including attention to  the continuing develop-
ment and  implementation  of  tools for  improving regulatory  decisionmaking,  as well
as the  negotiation  of  air grants.   Extramural  dollars  are  provided  to  continue
support of interagency agreements with the  National  Oceanic  and Atmospheric Admin-
istration for the  detail  of  meteorologists in  four  Regional  Offices, providing
modeling expertise to  the Regions and States.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating  $11,267,200 and 282.4  total  workyears for
this program. Of the  total,  $10,972,600 is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and  $294,600  is  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.

     In 1984, the Regional  air  management program  is  completing necessary modifica-
tions to  attainment  status designations for  specific areas   and  making  the  final
notifications to States for those areas failing to  meet the  December  1982 attainment
deadline.  Some  notifications may include proposed  sanctions,  consistent  with the
Agency's  recently published  policy.   The Regional  program  is also  working  with
a number  of  States  to  complete  the  development  of  lead   SIPs.   In  addition, the
Regions are  completing  review  and  approval  or  disapproval  actions  for lead  SIPs,
where submitted,  and for a  number of  other major State regulatory  actions or plans.
                                        A-75

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     The program is providing extensive guidance and support to States missing the
1982 deadlines, to States developing additional  regulatory  programs in areas having
extensions to 1987, and to States defining requirements and  assessing the most prob-
able nonattainment areas  in  anticipation of  the promulgation  of  a size-specific
particulate NAAQSs in 1985.   Rulemaking actions for State  strategies and revisions
are continuing to be processed in an efficient manner to prevent recurrence of any
major SIP  backlog.   The program is  also  continuing to  perform the  necessary  re-
views for the  permitting  of  PSD sources within  the few remaining  States  which do
not have program  responsibility.  Finally, the  program is  continuing to negotiate
air grants and  is initiating the  National  Air  Audit  System for  review  of State
air quality planning, new source review, compliance assurance, and air monitoring.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net  decrease of -$9,100 results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$9,100)    Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which  move  all  non-program specific  "support"  type expense dollars  into  the
Regional Support program  element.   These  reprogrammings  to Salaries and Expenses,
totaling -$9,100, were included in  a reprogramming letter to  Congress on September
29, 1983.

1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983,  the  Agency obligated   $9,898,300  and  262.5 total workyears  for this
program.  Of  the  amount obligated, $9,821,300  was  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $77,000 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.  Extramural  resources  under the Abatement,  Control, and Compliance appropria-
tion were  used to  continue  interagency  agreements providing  meteorologists  for
four EPA Regional  offices in  support of air quality  modeling efforts.

    The Regional air management efforts  focused on  completing the  review and  ap-
proval  of  State  submitted strategies  for the  attainment of NAAQSs  for  ozone  and
carbon monoxide by  deadlines extended through  December 1987.  These  efforts  in-
cluded follow-up  with  individual  States  whose  strategies included  schedules  for
the development of  specific  regulatory programs.   The Regional  Offices provided,
upon request, specialized guidance   and support  to  the  States  developing the addi-
tional  or expanded regulatory programs approved  as  part  of the  SIP for the exten-
sion areas.  The  regulatory  programs  included  additional  controls  for stationary
sources and  additional  motor  vehicle  inspection and  maintenance  programs,  where
required programs were  not yet  operational.

     Also in  1983, approval  and support efforts  for a  number of other major stra-
tegies  and regulatory programs were provided.   Included  were:  (1)  the  transfer to
additional  States   of  responsibilities  for   implementing PSD  programs  and  newly
promulgated NSPSs and  NESHAPs;  (2) performance  of  new  source  reviews  for States
not having responsibility for PSD;   (3)  regulatory  reviews  and  rulemaking  for pro-
posed emission trades;  and   (4)  assistance  to  States  in developing overdue  SIPs
for lead.  In  addition,  State-submitted SIP  revisions  continued to  be  processed
efficiently to minimize a SIP  backlog,  air  grants  negotiations  were conducted  and
grants  awarded, and  oversight  of  State and  local  agency performance  in  meeting
grant commitments  was maintained.
                                        A-76

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                                       AIR


                     Trends Monitoring  and  Progress Assessment
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of  $5,656,200  supported  by 128.4 total  workyears
for 1985.   Included  in  this  total   is  $5,317,700 for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $338,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
a decrease  of  $927,800  and  an increase of 1.9  total  workyears.   The  decrease re-
flects a reduction of $1,323,400 for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appro-
priation offset by an increase of $395,600 for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.

Program Description

     Ambient Air Quality Monitoring  — Activity  in this program includes:  (1) EPA's
management overview  of  State  ambient air  quality monitoring  networks, associated
laboratory and field quality  assurance activities, and implementation  of air moni-
toring strategies described in  EPA  air monitoring  regulations;  (2) the  coordina-
tion of Regional  and State field investigation  activities  for  collecting ambient
air quality  samples  for subsequent  sample analysis  and  related  quality  control;
(3) the  review of  source  emissions  data;  and   (4)  the  necessary  management  and
coordination to  ensure   timely  storage  and  validation   of the  data  collected.

     Air  Quality  and Emissions Data Analysis  and Progress Assessment —  Major
activities include:  national   coordination of  Regional  office,   State,  and local
ambient monitoring programs;  issuance  of  new and  revised  regulatory  requirements
and related technical guidance; active oversight  and  auditing of  the  National  Air
Monitoring System (NAMS) network to  ensure continuing conformance  with all  regula-
tory criteria; operation of computer  systems  for storing, retrieving, and analyzing
ambient air quality  and emission  data; development  and implementation  of  systems
to meet  user  requirements; and preparation of trends analyses  and   related  air
quality and  emission progress  assessments  for  policy evaluation and development
and for public information  needs.


AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of  $3,615,900   supported by  92.5 total  workyears
for this  program.   Of this request,  $3,501,700 is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $114,200 is  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropria-
tion.  This request is an increase of $210,600 for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and a decrease of $8,800 for the  Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance appro-
priation.  The increase reflects increased personnel  and support costs.

     The Regional offices will  continue overview  and management of State air moni-
toring programs, including Section  105 grants review.  They will   also  continue the
coordination of  air  data bases involving emissions  data,  criteria pollutant  air
quality data, and related precision and accuracy  information  necessary for quantify-
ing data  quality.   A limited  number of  monitoring  networks  and data  supporting
highly controversial   or  technically  difficult  permits  for  the  prevention  of
significant deterioration will be  reviewed.

     The data  bases from the NAMS and State and  Local Air Monitoring System  (SLAMS)
Networks will  be  validated  for  completeness  and accuracy.   Most  of the SLAMS net-
works will  be  evaluated, as  required by  40 CFR  58.  Approximately  130  new or re-
vised NAMS sites will  be visited, evaluated, and  documented.  Data  analyses, includ-
ing air quality trends  information,  will   be developed as input to various Regional
environmental  management and  indicator efforts.   In  the area of quality assurance,
significant resources will  be used  for on-site systems  and performance  audits of
State networks  and  monitors.    In addition, the Regional  labs  will  participate in
the national air audit program.  The start-up of  State networks for measurement of


                                      A-79

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size-specific participates  will  require  review of  the  NAMS  and  SLAMS  networks,
including site  visits to  verify  compliance with 40 CFR 58  monitoring  regulations.
Also, resources will be used to increase the level  of Regional  oversight  and  audits
of State programs  through  evaluations  of additional SLAMS  monitors.   The  Regional
offices will expedite the reporting of  data  from around 200 critical SLAMS stations.

     Regional offices will  be  involved in  the implementation  of  the air  toxics
monitoring strategy.  This  involvement will  include  coordinating  with  State  and
local agencies  and the EPA Office of Research and Development to  set  up 15  air
toxics monitoring trend stations throughout the Nation,  assisting in site selection
for monitoring  stations, and  ensuring  samples  are  collected and sent to a central
laboratory for  analysis.  Regional  offices will also coordinate or  manage special
air toxics studies with a high priority in their Regions.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating a total of  $3,414,100  and  92.5 total  work-
years for this  program.  Of  the allocation,  $3,291,100  is for  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  $123,000 is for the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1984,  the Regions  are  continuing  the baseline  program  of  overview  and
management of State  air quality  monitoring programs, including Section  105  grants
review.  The validation, management,  and coordination of State and local air quality
and emission data  before the  data  are  submitted to central  EPA data banks is  also
continuing.   In 1984 special  emphasis  is  being placed on reviewing the data  bases
upon which  attainment  status  determinations  will   be  made   for  the revised   size-
specific particulate matter  NAAQSs.  The  Regions  and States  are beginning  their
analysis of  the total monitoring network needed to  support  development of SIPs  for
size-specific particulates and subsequent tracking  of progress  and trends  in  meet-
ing the  revised  NAAQSs.   The  data needed  for various  environmental  management
efforts are  being  compiled and  displayed  for  use  in  determining existing  condi-
tions, trends,  and progress  toward environmental   objectives.  Quality  assurance
activities and auditing of State programs  are continuing.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$90,100 results  from the  following actions:

     -Reproqrammings.  (-$90,100) A  reprogramming  was  made  to  this activity  which
was not reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This  change
resulted in   a  net increase of +$12,600 to the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance'
appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming was  made which  moves   all  non-program specific
"support"  type  expense   dollars   into   the  Regional   Support   program  element
(-$102,700).  This  reprogramming to  Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling  -$102,700,
was included in a reprogramming letter  to  Congress  on  September 29,  1983.

 1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $3,184,000  and 84.4  total  workyears  for this
program.  Of the  amount obligated,  $3,026,600  was for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $157,400 was for  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appropria-
tion.  Contract  funds  from the  Abatement, Control,  and  Compliance appropriation
were used for Regional  data analyses and preparation of the  Regional Environmental
Management Reports.
                                       A-80

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     The five-year program  for  implementing the national  air  monitoring strategy
was completed in 1983.  The SLAMS networks (including lead networks) were completely
installed and operating during 1983.  The Regional  offices  continued  to  work with
States, through the  annual  review process,  in  identifying  and eliminating  air
monitoring sites which have only marginal utility  or  are the  least  useful  in sup-
porting program decisions.   The  Regions  continued their programs  of  site visits to
review and audit NAMS  stations,  as well  as a  small  percentage of SLAMS stations.
Laboratories were evaluated for proper operating and quality assurance procedures.
The validation, management, and  coordination  of State  and local air  quality  and
emission data bases  before submission to EPA  central  data banks  also continued.


AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS  DATA ANALYSIS AND  PROGRESS ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $2,040,300 supported  by  35.9 total  workyears
for this program.   Of the  request, $1,816,000 is  for  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $224,300 is  for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropri-
ation.  The request  is an  increase  of  $185,000  for  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  Total workyears  increase  by  1.9.   There  is  a  decrease  of $1,314,600
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.  Increased  workyears will
provide additional  statistical  analyses  for toxics data  bases.   The  decrease  re-
flects the completion  in 1984  of the one-time  purchase  of size-specific particu-
late monitoring equipment  for  use   by States  in anticipation  of the promulgation
of size specific particulate matter NAAQSs in 1985.

     Existing air data systems  will be maintained  and  guidance provided  to users.
Monitoring regulations, computer   software,  and data  files will  be  modified  to
accommodate changes  to NAAQSs.   The program  also will  produce  ambient and emission
trends analyses and  progress  assessments,  provide national oversight  of Regional
Office and State  and local  air  monitoring programs, and  manage  the  NAMS network.
The NAMS management  will  include  maintaining  a site  information  base,  reviewing
and validating data,  and issuing status  reports on  regulatory  compliance.   Stat-
istical analyses will be provided to support  new or revised  NAAQSs.

     In the  area  of  air  toxics,  the program  will  implement the  national  toxic
monitoring strategy.    Implementation  includes  national  assessment of  progress  in
strategy implementation, preparation of  an annual  status  report  on toxic pollutant
trends, analyses of  ambient toxics data, and  development  of  audit  procedures  for
toxic monitoring.   Consultation  on various  environmental  management  efforts  and
use of  environmental  indicators  will  be provided.   In  addition, the  program will
develop and publish   air quality  statistics, maintain the  State Implementation Plan
(SIP) Design  Value Tracking System, and  develop  and publish  an estimation  meth-
odology for  determining  the costs of air  toxics  monitoring.   The  program will
conduct on-site audits  at  NAMS  stations measuring size-specific particulates  and
update NAMS  operational  guidance.   The  program will   also  coordinate Agency-wide
emission data base efforts, including support to the Office and  Research and Develop-
ment and the Office  of  Solid Waste and Emergency Response  on data base management.
This program will  develop  software  and convert  data for the  air quality and facili-
ties segments of the new  air data  system and  develop  user materials and initiate
training.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,169,900  and 34.0 total  work-
years for  this  program.  Of the allocation,  $1,631,000  is for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,538,900 is  for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.
                                       A-81

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     All major program activities  are  continuing.   These activities  include: opera-
tion of existing air data systems and provision of training and guidance to system
users; production  of  the  annual  trends  report  and  other  statistical  analyses;
national oversight  of State  and local  monitoring programs;  and  evaluations  nf
NAMS stations, including on-site audits.  Support  is  also being provided to other
Agency offices for  data  base  management.   Also,  the  program is  evaluating  the
compliance of SLAMS networks with regulations  and  issuing  status  reports.  Revised
monitoring regulations and siting  guidelines  for the revised NAAQSs  for particulate
matter are being  proposed.   Revisions to the  monitoring  regulations  and guidance
for sulfur dioxide will  be developed,  if required.

     The program  is  also  responsible for the procurement of  ambient  monitoring
equipment necessary to  collect  initial  data  for  the  inplementation  of  a revised
ambient standard for particulate matter.  In  addition,  system  design, programming,
and data  base  conversion for the  new  air data  base  is  continuing.   The program
to implement  the strategy for air toxics  monitoring  is  continuing.  These efforts
include preparing  guidance  on  network  design  and operation;  assessing progress
in toxics  monitoring  by  Federal,  State, and local  agencies;  and  developing  a
long-term plan for the implementation  of the  toxic  monitoring strategy.

1984 Explanation  of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated  $2,044,400 and 33.5 total  workyears  for this
program.  Of  the  amount  obligated,  $1,600,500 was for  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation, $243,900  was for  the  Abatement,   Control  and Compliance  appro-
priation and  $200,000 was  for  the Operations, Research  and Facilities appropria-
tion.  Contract  funds supported trends  reports and analyses, regulation review and
revision, guidance development, NAMS  management,   National Emissions  Data Systems
(NEDS) improvement  and  progress  toward the  development   of   a  new  data  system.

     In 1983  emphasis  continued on operating and updating existing  air  data systems,
and on  providing  training  and  guidance to  system users.   This  program provided
support to 35 State and local  agencies using EPA developed  data systems.  Other
major activities  included preparation  of special air quality and emission analyses,
statistics, and  reports;  national  oversight of State and local  monitoring programs,
evaluation of NAMS, including on-site audits; and  work  toward revising monitoring
regulations to reflect revisions to the NAAQSs for  particulate matter.  In addition,
a national strategy  for  air toxics  monitoring was developed.   Work was initiated
on a long-term plan for  toxics monitoring  and on guidance for siting and statistical
design.  Development of the  new  air  data system continued,  with  substantial progress
toward conversion of software for  the  air quality segment.
                                      A-82

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

AIR

    ENFORCEMENT
       Stationary Source Enforcement	    A-85
       Mobile Source Enforcement	    A-89
                                        A-83

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                                       AIR


                           Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $14,704,000 supported by  309.5 total workyears
in 1985,  of  which $11,666,000 is  for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and
$3,038,000 is  for the  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  appropriation.  There
is no  change in  the  number  of  total  workyears.   The  request is an  increase  of
$1,188,200 for  Salaries  and Expenses and a  decrease  of $1,770,700 for Abatement,
Control and Compliance.

Program Description

     The stationary source enforcement  program provides  support to  and  coordination
with State and local  air pollution control  agencies and direct Federal  enforcement
as required to ensure that stationary  sources  achieve and maintain compliance with
the rpquirements  of the Clean Air  Act,  as amended  in  1977.  The Headquarter's com-
ponent provides national  policy  and guidance, while the  regional program implements
the enforcement effort  and assists the  States.

     Stationary Source  Enforcement — This  program focuses  primarily on  enforcement
of the  requirements  established in State  Implementation  Plans (SIPs)   for  meeting
National Ambient  Air  Quality Standards (NAAQSs).   The enforcement  program also
focuses on new  source  programs   such as New Source Performance Standards  (NSPSs)
and National  Emission Standards  for Hazardous Air  Pollutants  (NESHAPS).

     As a result of industry efforts  in controlling emissions  and the effectiveness
of State, local, and  Federal  control  programs,  approximately  90 perce~nT~d7"~the more
than 18,000 major  stationary  sources have  achieved compliance  with all applicable
emission 1 imitations.  An additional  2.4 percent  are  meeting  acceptable compliance
schedules.  Although  the   current  rate  of  compliance  represents  a   significant
achievement,  efforts  must  continue  to ensure  that  remaining sources  come into
compl iance with present standards, or  any  new  or  revised standards, and that com-
pliance, once  achieved,  is maintained.  EPA will  continue  to provide  State  and
local  agencies with "technical  support  in their efforts to  realize these goals and,
where appropriate, to initiate their  own enforcement actions.


STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $14,704,000 supported by  309.5 total workyears
for this  program.  Of  the  request,  $11,666,000  is for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $3,038,000  is  for  the Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appro-
priation.  The  increase  of $1,188,200 for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses is due  to
increased personnel costs.   The  decrease of  $1,770,700 in extramural funds  reflects
a greater reliance on the use of EPA Headquarter's  personnel rather  than  contractors
in the  presentation  of technical  workshops  to  States and a  similar  shift to  the
use of EPA Regional personnel  rather  than contractors  for conducting source  inspec-
tions.  This   shift  in  contractor  inspections  is   due,  in  part, to  court  rulings
limiting the   use  of contractors  for  inspection  purposes.   The  higher personnel
levels initiated  in 1984  are  maintained in  1985.   Extramural  funds will  be used
primarily for enforcement  case  support; compliance monitoring and  field   surveil-
lance; Regional  Office  data management  support;  and technical  workshops  and  manuals
to enhance the capabilities of State  and local  programs.

     In 1985, the stationary  source  compliance  program  will carry  forward   the
basic  thrust   of the  1984  budget.  The  program, working in  close  cooperation with
State  and local  agencies,  will   continue  to ensure that  noncomplying  significant
sources in areas  not meeting  NAAQSs  are brought into compliance,  consistent with
                                        A-85

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the Clean Air  Act.   A  major  focus in  1985  will be  sources  of  volatile organic
compound (VOC) emissions.  These sources  are  of  concern  not only because of their
contribution to ozone levels, but also because many of the  constituents of the VOC
emissions are toxic  in nature.

     Previous efforts have focused  on VOC emissions  only  to the extent that they
affect attainment of ozone   standards.   In   1985,  efforts will  be substantially
increased to enforce VOC  control  requirements in nonattainment areas.  Efforts to
ensure continued high  compliance levels  with NSPSs  and  NESHAPs  requirements  and
those for the prevention of significant  deterioration  (PSD)  are  continuing.  Funda-
mental activities such  as permitting and compliance  functions for non-delegated
programs, maintenance of  data systems,  participation  in  Section 105 grant manage-
ment and negotiation  of grant agreements, review  of  State programs, and response
to formal inquiries  will also be  maintained.

     During 1985, the Regional compliance program will  continue to provide assis-
tance in selected  Federal judicial  referrals,  consent  decrees,  and  Section  120
actions.  Also, EPA  will   issue  administrative  orders, as  necessary,  in environ-
mentally significant cases where States cannot  or  will  not take  appropriate enforce-
ment action.  There  are plans to  conduct  an estimated  1,685 inspections, and issue
approximately 46 administrative  orders  during 1985.   The  shift begun  in  1984 to
the use of EPA Regional  personnel  rather than  contractors  in conducting  inspections
will be fully accomplished in 1985.

     Major Headquarter's program  accomplishments  in  1985 will  include:  review of
proposed agency  regulations  under  NSPSs,  NESHAPs, and  new  source/PSD programs;
management  of the Compliance  Data System;  support of State  compliance data programs
development; provision  of  technical analysis  and case support  for Regional  office
compliance activities, development of three new  technical workshops to  enhance the
capabilities of State and  local  programs; and development  of  four  new compliance
manuals for State and local programs.


1984 Program

     The Agency is allocating a  total  of  $15,286,500 and 309.5 total workyears for
this program, of which  $10,477,800  is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,808,700 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control  and Com-
pliance appropriation.  The extramural  funds  are being  used  for enforcement  case
support, compliance   monitoring  and field surveillance,  Regional  data management
support, development of technical  workshops and manuals to  enhance the capabilities
of State and  local  programs, and  providing  limited  assistance to  specific State
cases.

     The major focus  of the  stationary source compliance  program  for 1984, as it
will be  in  1985,  is  to  ensure that  noncomplying  significant sources in nonattain-
ment areas  are  brought  into compliance,  consistent  with  the provisions  of  the
Clean Air Act.  Federal  enforcement actions will focus heavily on  sources subject
to the Agency's Post-1982  Enforcement Policy  which  stipulates the manner in which
the Agency  will  respond  to   violating  sources   in  nonattainment  areas  after  the
December 31, 1982 Clean  Air  Act  attainment deadline.   The policy  calls  for a vig-
orous enforcement program to bring such  sources into compliance, and for collection
of civil penalties,   as  part  of the Agency's  comprehensive  response to the failure
of many  areas  and sources to meet  the December  31,  1982 deadline.  Although the
States will  play an  important role  in implementing the policy,  a significant level
of Federal   involvement  will  be required.   To  address  the problem of noncomp'l iance
by sources  of VOC emissions,  the  regions  will  undertake  a  major program to improve
the inventory of regulated VOC sources and to gather information on their compliance
status.
                                        A-86

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     Federal efforts will also be directed at resolution of NSPS  and  NESHAPs  viola-
tors, where the  standards have  not  been  delegated  or where State action is  inade-
quate.  The stationary  source compliance program  continues to provide  assistance
in selected judicial  referrals, consent decrees,  and  Section 120 actions, and to
issue notices  of  violation  and  administrative  orders  as  necessary.  In addition,
the program continues to manage the Compliance Data System.

     The 1984  budget  reflects  a major shift  in  the way EPA  conducts inspections.
EPA is  relying more on  its  regional  personnel,  rather than  contractors,  for  most
classes of  inspections  due,  in  part,  to court  rulings limiting the use  of  con-
tractors for inspection  purposes.   Contractor inspections  are being limited  pri-
marily to inspections of non-delegated NSPSs and  NESHAPs sources.

     EPA will   continue  to review performance tests,  monitor  enforcement  actions,
issue waivers  and permits, make  noncompliance penalty  determinations under Section
120, and  bring  enforcement  actions  in  environmentally  significant cases  where
States cannot or will not take such actions.  To  encourage  States  to  assume primary
responsibility, EPA  provides  limited  direct  case  assistance to  State  enforcement
efforts, when requested.

     Efforts designed to expand the  technical   capabilities  of  State  and  local
programs continue  in 1984.   This   effort  includes  Headquarter's  development  and
presentation of technical workshops, development  of compliance manuals,  and further
development of the State pilot programs begun in 1983.  Use  of continuous  emission
monitoring equipment continues to be  a  major objective for  1984.  In addition, to
ensure the  validity  of  the compliance data  base,  EPA is  initiating a  qualitative
audit of State compliance monitoring techniques.

     Program accompl ishments  in  1984  include final promulgation  of second-round
nonferrous smelter orders establishing a  regulatory framework for  compliance  exten-
sions through  January  1,  1988;  development  of  three   new  technical  workshops to
enhance the capabilities of State  and local  programs;  and development  of four new
compliance manuals  for   State  and  local  programs.   During  1984, the   compliance
program continues to assist the Office of Enforcement  and  Compliance Monitoring in
the development  of  civil and criminal  referrals.   In  addition,  the  program is to
conduct 2,017  inspections and issue an estimated 47 administrative orders  in 1984.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$211,900  results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$211,900)   A  reprogramming was   made to  this   activity
which was not  reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   This
change resulted in a net decrease  of -$30,000 to the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation.

     An additional   reprogramming  was  made  which  moves all  non-program  specific
"support"  type   expense  dollars    into  the Regional  Support  program  element
(-$181,900).  This  reprogramming to  Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling   -$181,900,
was included in a reprogramming letter to Congress  on September 29, 1983.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  -the Agency obligated  $14,533,900 and 263.0 total workyears for this
program, of which  $9,543,800  was for the  Salaries and Expenses   appropriation and
$4,990,100 was  for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.   Extramural
resources were used  for  enforcement  case development activities,  compliance moni-
toring and field surveillance,  Regional  data management,  development  of technical
workshops and manuals to enhance the  capabilities  of State and local programs, and
limited direct  case assistance to States.

     A major Headquarter's  initiative during 1983 was the development  of a compre-
hensive compliance strategy  for stationary  sources  of air pollution which brings
together in one  document all  of the  major thrusts  of the program.   The strategy
reaffirms the   basic  soundness  of the program,  but recognizes the need for  addi-
                                        A-87

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tional  attention to certain  elements  of the program, especially in  compliance by
sources that have  already  installed  control  equipment  and  expanded  use  of  con-
tinuous emission  monitoring  techniques.   In  addition,  the program  established
guidelines during 1983 for conducting qualitative  audits  of State  compliance pro-
grams,  to be implemented  beginning  in  1984.

     Also during 1983,  the  program  provided technical   and  cost  evaluations  of
applications submitted by steel companies under the provisions of the Steel Industry
Compliance Extension Act of 1981.  In addition, regulations for issuance and approval
of second-round nonferrous  smelter orders  were proposed.  Program accomplishments
during  1983 also included development of three  new technical  workshops  to enhance
the capabilities of State  and local  programs,  implementation of three  continuous
compliance pilot programs,  development of three new workshops,  and development of
four new compliance manuals.   During 1983,  EPA issued 35 administrative  orders and
conducted 1,739 inspections.

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                                       AIR


                             Mobile Source Enforcement


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $6,561,600  supported  by 101.4 total workyears
for 1985, of  which  $4,740,100 will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,821,500 will  be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation,
an increase of $531,000  in the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  for personnel
and support costs and 7.0 workyears.

Program Description

     The mobile source enforcement program  is  directed primarily at  ensuring com-
pliance with the  motor vehicle emission standards and fuel  regulations  required by
the Clean Air Act.  The activities carried out as  part  of  this program are designed
to ensure that new  vehicles  are  capable of meeting emission  standards throughout
their useful lives, that vehicle  emission control  systems  are  not removed or ren-
dered inoperative, and that  harmful  additives  are not present  in  gasoline.  The
program also includes the  issuance  of  California and statutory emissions waivers.


MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $6,561,600  supported  by 101.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,740,100 will   be for  the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,821,500 will  be for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropria-
tion, representing increases  of  $531,000 for  personnel  costs and  7.0 workyears.
The increase in resources  will  enable  the Agency to  expand the 1984 recall initia-
tive and to work  with  State  and local  governments  in the  development and implemen-
tation of their own tampering and  fuel  switching enforcement programs.

     The expanded recall  initiative will  include  additional testing and investiga-
tion of both mid-mileage and high-mileage vehicles.  In  addition,  developmental work
will proceed on new  recall programs for  heavy-duty engines and light-duty  evaporative
emissions.  California emissions waiver requests will be processed, as will applica-
tions for  retroactive  waivers  of the  Federal carbon monoxide  and nitrogen oxides
standards.  Regulatory changes to the  imports  program, scheduled for promulgation
in 1984, will  be  implemented, increasing  the efficiency of the program.  The Selec-
tive Enforcement  Audit (SEA)  program will conduct  17 audits  of manufacturer facili-
ties to ensure that  new production vehicles meet  emissions  requirements.  The lead
phasedown regulations will  be enforced  through monitoring  of reports from refiners.
Issuance of 32 notices of violation is  anticipated.

     Approximately 500  consumer   inquiries   on   emissions  warranty issues  will  be
answered.  The anti-tampering and  anti-fuel   switching  enforcement program will  be
expanded and will include investigations  and notices of violation.  Surveys of the
incidence of tampering and fuel  switching will be carried out at  various  sites.  EPA
will continue to  assist with  the development of State and local initiatives aimed at
preventing tampering and fuel  switching.  Implementation of eight  new State programs
is anticipated.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating a total  of  $6,030,600 and a  total  of 94.4
workyears.  Of the  allocation,  $4,209,100 is  for the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and $1,821,500 is for extramural purposes under the Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.
                                        A-90

-------
     A major  focus  in the  recall  program involves  the  testing and  investigation
of high  mileage  vehicles  in  order to  assure that  these  vehicles meet  emissions
standards throughout their useful lives.  The recall  program will  continue surveil-
lance and  confirmatory testing,  follow  up  and  investigation  of  suspect  engine
classes, and, if warranted,  issuance  of  recall  orders.   Statutory and  California
waivers will  be  issued  as  required.   The SEA program will  continue to  ensure that
new production vehicles  comply with  emission requirements.  Regulatory  revisions
for the  SEA program will  be  proposed.   Inquiries  and applications  for the importa-
tion of  noncertified  vehicles  will  continue, and regulations revising  the  imports
program will  be promulgated.

     Also underway is  the development  and  implementation  of a  strategy aimed  at
attaining increased State participation to reduce automobile  emissions  that  result
from tampering and  fuel  switching.  This  will  result in  the establishment  of  12
new anti-tampering and  fuel  switching  programs  by  States  and  localities.   Other
activities include:  conducting fuels inspections  for  compliance with  lead,  nozzle,
and label regulations; administering tampering and fuel switching  cases; evaluating
fuel and fuel additive  waiver  requests; and  collecting  data  on fuel  switching  to
assess misfueling rates.

1984 Explanation  of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$60,300 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.   (+$60,300) A  reprogramming  was made  to this activity  which
was not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   This  change
resulted in a net increase of  +$60,300  to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated $5,927,300 and used  95.1  total workyears.   Of
the amount obligated,  $4,005,700  was  for the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation
and $1,921,600 was  for extramural purposes  under the Abatement,  Control and  Com-
pliance appropriation.

     Recall investigations were  conducted  for  42 mid-mileage  and 3 high-mileage
vehicle classes,  and  17 SEAs were performed.   Twelve  emissions waivers were  issued.
About 22,000  import   inquiries  were  answered  and   6,000  applications   processed.
Revised import regulations were  prepared.   Forty  notices of  violation  were  issued
under the  lead phasedown  program, and  485   notices  of   violation  under the  anti-
tampering and fuel switching program.   Six  States  and localities  implemented  anti-
tampering and fuel  switching programs.
                                       A-91

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

BUILDINGS & FACILITIES                                                        BF-1

      Buildings and Facilities	    BF-3
          New Faci 1 i ti es	    BF-5
          Repairs & Improvements	    BF-6
                                       BF-1

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-------
                               BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Buildings and  Facilities program  funds the  design,  construction,  repair,
and improvement of buildings  occupied  by EPA.   The  Agency currently has ten Regional
offices, three  large  Research and Development  laboratories,  several  field  stations
and laboratories, and a large headquarters facility.

     This program provides  a  safe and  healthful  work environment  for EPA employees
by producing  continuous  maintenance and  repairs of  our facilities.   Major efforts
are directed  towards  implementing  intermediate and  long-range  plans which  assess
alternative housing options for EPA  operations,  and continuing  a repair program that
protects the  investment  in EPA's  real  property holdings.  Resources  are  also  used
to adapt  current  facilities  to  more  adequately and  efficiently  address expanding
Agency programs.  Particular emphasis will continue  to be placed on modifying current
facilities in  order  to  respond  to the  growth  in  the  hazardous waste  program.   In
addition, in 1985 the Agency is requesting  funds to build a new radiation laboratory
to replace our outmoded facility in Montgomery,  Alabama.
                                           BF-4

-------
                              BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests $10,500,000  for  1985,  all  of which will be for the Build-
ings and Facilities appropriation,.an increase of $7,900,000 over 1984.

     The Agency  has  recently completed an  assessment of our  facilities  and eval-
uated our  expanding  program  operations  in  relation  to the  need for  repairs  and
improvements.  The  increase  in  this  appropriation   reflects  the  results  of  this
assessment, the  need  to address deferred maintenance and  repair projects ($1,000,
000), as well  as funding for construction  of a new  radiation laboratory in Mont-
gomery, Alabama  ($6,900,000).

Program Description

     This program funds the  design and construction  of new EPA facilities, as  well
as necessary repairs  and  improvements to buildings already  occupied  by EPA.  This
program contains the following two elements:

     New Facilities « This  includes  engineering  and  design services and  construc-
tion costs of  new, federally owned facilities to  be  occupied by EPA, or the expan-
sion of existing federally owned and EPA occupied facilities.

     Repairs and Improvements — This covers major repairs and capital improvements
to any buildings or facilities occupied by EPA.  Most of the projects relate to the
correction of  health  and  safety deficiencies, the  prevention of serious deteriora-
tion, or improvements required for program operations.


NEW FACILITIES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $6,900,000, all  of which  will be  for the  Building  and
Facilities appropriation,  and  represents  an  increase  of  $6,900,000  over 1984.
These funds will  be  used to construct a  new radiation laboratory  in  Montgomery,
Alabama.  At present, EPA's  primary  radiation  facility  consists of  12 wood frame
buildings in Montgomery,  Alabama,  which  are 30 to  50 years  old.   These separate
wooden buildings offer  no  fire  protection and have asbestos ceilings that fragment
whenever repairs are  attempted.  The physical location of  some  of  these  buildings
raises questions of  public   safety.   With  these funds we will  construct  a modern,
safe facility  as our  primary radiation laboratory, assuring the  continuity  of  the
radiation program without risk to employees or to the public.


1984 Program

     No funds are allocated  for New Facilities in 1984.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency obligated  $462,700,  all  of  which  was for  the  Buildings
and Facilities appropriation, to construct a shop  and warehouse facility  in  Gulf
Breeze, Florida, which  provides  storage and  work  space for the  EPA  operations  at
that installation.
                                        BF-5

-------
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $3,600,000  for this  program, all  of which  will be  for
the Buildings  and  Facilities appropriation, an  increase  of $1,000,000  over  1984.
The increase  will  be  used  to address  deferred  projects.   These  funds will  pro-
vide planning,  engineering  design,  and construction  related  to  the   repair  and
improvement of buildings  occupied  by  EPA.   Our projects include health  and  safety
improvements, maintenance  and repairs,  space  alterations,  engineering and  plan-
ning, energy  conservation,  emergency  repairs,  and facility  adaptations  related to
program changes.

     In 1985,  we will  address the maintenance and  repair projects  which  resulted
from our delay  of facilities projects  in  1982 and 1983 while  we  reviewed all  of
the Agency's  real property holdings with emphasis  on  program plans and  cost  effec-
tiveness of  specific  lab  operations.   We  now  have an excellent assessment  of  our
facilities, and  an  understanding  of  the  facilities  needs   of  our  programs.   Our
strategy will  establish  a level  of  effort  which  will complete  the projects  and
maintain a strong on-going facilities management  program.

     Again in  1985,  in conformance  with  the  Appropriation  Committees'  concerns,
this request  contains  funding  for   all   repairs  and  improvement  projects   over
$20,000.  The  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  contains  funds  for  project  un-
der $20,000.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating $2,600,000  for this  program, all  of  which
is for the  Buildings  and Facilities  appropriation.   We will  continue  across-the-
board health  and  safety changes  to protect EPA employees and respond to the  shift-
ing emphasis  on  hazardous  substances.   We  are  also addressing   basic  facility
needs, such  as  the installation  of  a  heating and cooling  system  and  electrical
supply at  our  Edison,  New  Jersey facility,  and  roof  and  emergency   repairs  at
several other  sites.   This  program,  in  conformance   with  the Appropriation  Com-
mittees'  concerns,  contains  funding  for  all  repairs  and improvement  projects
greater than  $20,000.  The  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation contains funds  for
repairs and improvement projects under $20,000.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

   In 1983, the Agency obligated $3,653,400 all  of  which  was for the Buildings and
Facilities appropriation  for  health and safety projects and  for facilities altera-
tions and modifications.   These projects  included  fume hood  modifications,  heat-
ing and ventilation system  repairs,  laboratory containment improvements, fire pro-
tection devices, and emergency  repairs such as  those  to  the collapsed  ceiling in
our motor vehicle testing laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
                                       BF-6

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1985 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents

                                                                              PAGE
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS                                                           CG-1
      Construction Grants	    CG-2
                                      CG-1

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                                CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The long  range  goal  of  the  construction  grants  program  is  to reduce  the
discharge of  municipal  wastewater  pollutants  in  order to  improve water  quality
and protect  public health.   To  meet  this  goal,  the  program  provides  grants  to
municipal and  intermunicipal  agencies  to.  assist in  financing the  construction  of
cost-effective and  environmentally  sound .municipal wastewater treatment facilities
to comply  with requirements  of the Clean  Water  Act.   In  addition,  the  program
provides funds to  assist States  in  carrying  out  their responsibilities in managing
the Construction  Grants  program and to assist them  in  carrying out  water  quality
management planning programs.   To  meet long-range goals,  EPA is working with  the
States to  direct   funds  to projects with  the  greatest water  quality and  public
health impacts; minimize  expenditures  for  wastewater treatment construction,  and
local operation and maintenance,  and replacement  costs; prevent waste, fraud,  and
mismanagement; ensure timely  construction; eliminate remaining  project  completion
and closeout backlogs; and  ensure effective  results-oriented program management  by
States.                                  !

     The Federal  Water Pollution  Control   Act Amendments  of  1972 (P.L.  92-500)
created the  basis  of  today's  Federal  program.  From  1973 through  1983,  Congress
authorized approximately  $42  billion  and  appropriated  approximately  $40  billion.
An estimated $39  billion  has  been  obligated  and  $30  billion outlayed under  P.L.
92-500.  As  of the end  of FY  1983,  approximately  3,550  P.L.  92-500  plants  have
been completed and  8,035  Step 1, 2, 3,  and 2+3 projects  remained  active.   During
these years  the  program  has  had two  major  midcourse corrections.  Amendments  in
1977 provided  for  delegation  of the  program to  the  States,   provided  financial
relief for small  communities, encouraged  innovative and  alternative technologies,
and extended  the   secondary  treatment   compliance  deadline.   Amendments  in  1981
recognized that national economic realities  dictated that Federal  dollars must  be
targeted towards  the   most  urgent  treatment  needs  with  greatest  water  quality
impact.  They  limited  Federal  eligibilities, provided for ensuring  that  treatment
plants operate  to  meet  design  specifications,  established  State  water  quality
management planning _activities,_and again extended  the  secondary treatment  com-
pliance deadlinef          ~                                           "~      "~

     EPA anticipates  that  the  construction  grants  program  will  be  essentially
fully delegated by  the end  of 1984 and that no  significant  changes  in delegation
status will  occur  in the  foreseeable  future.   With  the   passage  of  the  1981
amendments and  the development  of  simplified  program  regulations,  discretionary
guidance and State  and EPA program  oversight  systems,  States  will  have appropriate
flexibility for implementing  delegated construction  grants  management.  EPA  will
continue to maintain Federal  responsibilities for ensuring effective use of  Federal
funds; ensure program integrity in  meeting statutory requirements;  provide  techni-
cal assistance  and training;  monitor  projects with  overriding  Federal  interest;
define with  States annual  program  objectives and priorities;  and oversee  annual
program accomplishments.

     During 1984,  EPA will be  conducting a major study of alternative  Federal and
non-Federal financial  involvement in municipal wastewater  treatment  which  may  lead
to recommendations  for the program's future  when the  current  authorization  expires
in 1985.  The Agency intends  to work closely with  States,  communities,  and  various
interest groups throughout  the process  to assure  that all  interests  are effectively
represented in formulating feasible recommendations which will continue to  support
priority national   water  quality and public  health  goals  and objectives.   Future
program directions will be  determined during the  1984-1985 time  period.
                                       CG-3

-------
                                CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

Budget Request

     The Agency requests  an  appropriation of $2,400,000,000 for 1985 for  the munici-
pal construction grants  program established  under  Title II of the Clean Water  Act
(CWA), as  amended.   This  represents  a  decrease  of  $30,000,000  from  1984.   Net
obligations for 1985 are  expected  to  total  $2,400,000,000, which  is a  decrease  of
$200,000,000 from  1984.    This  decrease  in  obligations   is  attributable   to   a
decline in total funds available as a  result of the reduction in  carryover  funds.
                                         i
Program Description                      ,
                                         i
     This program  provides   grants  to  municipal  and   inter-municipal  agencies  to
assist in  financing the  construction  of - cost-effective and  environmentally  sound
municipal wastewater treatment facilities;  to  assist  delegated  States  in carrying
out their responsibilities to manage the Construction  Grants program;  and to  assist
States in  carrying  out  water  quality  management  planning  programs,.   The program
also provides  special  funding  to  address marine combined sewer  overflow problems.
Resources associated with the  management   of  these  funds  are described  in  the
Municipal Source Control  subactivity.

     From its annual construction grants allotment, a State may  reserve up to four
percent of its authorization or $400,000,, whichever is  greater,  to  manage its dele-
gated activities and may  reserve up to one  percent  of  its allotment or $100,000,
whichever is greater,  for water quality management  planning.  The Act  also requires
that each State set aside between  four  and  seven and one half  percent  of its  allot-
ment to provide incentives  to  communities  to use innovative  and alternative tech-
nologies in  constructing their wastewater treatment  facilities  and  that   States
having substantial   rural  populations  set  aside four  percent of  their funds  for
alternative projects  in   small  commmunities.   All  grants for  assisting  in  the
development and construction of wastewater treatment  facilities are to be awarded
on the basis of a  State's priority system, which  is designed to ensure that  funds
are awarded to  projects  with the  greatest  potential  for improving water quality.

     Before the f981~amendments~ proje'cts  were Hbne~i n~Tfhree~ stages" with" separate
grants awarded  to  a community  for the  planning  (Step  1), design  (Step  2),  and
construction (Step  3)  phases  of  each  project.  (Smaller  communities sometimes
combined design and construction into  a  single  "Step 2 and 3"  grant.)  In order to
make the  process  more efficient,  the  1981  amendments  eliminated the three-step
procedure at  the  time  of  grant  award  and  provided  instead  for allowances  for
planning and design costs and for advances of  funds to  enable small  communities  to
plan and  design projects.   Other  provisions  designed  to  make the  program  more
cost-effective include eliminating funding  to  construct  reserve  capacity, limiting
project eligibilities  beginning in 1985, providing for  State  discretion on certain
funding eligibilities,  expanding the secondary treatment definition, and extending
for one year  the  period  for coastal  cities to  seek  secondary treatment waivers.

     The 1981 amendments  also  emphasized increased non-Federal   responsibility  for
financing, constructing,  and operating cost-effective works that meet their  permit
requirements. The local  funding share  will  increase from 25  percent to 45 percent
for awards made beginning in 1985.  Grantees must demonstrate prior to award that
the most economical alternative has been selected, including construction,  opera-
tion, maintenance,   and replacement  costs.    Value  engineering•review is mandatory
for projects above  $10 million.  Additionally, engineering firms  will  be required
to oversee a project's first year  of  operation to help  ensure that it meets  design
and permit  specifications.   As  a  result of  these  amendments, the  Federal  funding
potential under the current  program is $37.3 billion as  reported in the 1982 Needs
Survey published by EPA.   As also reported by  the  Survey,  significant progress  has
been made since the 1980  Needs Survey  in meeting treatment  needs.
                                     .-.CG-4

-------
      The  goal  of  the State management assistance grant program under Section 205(g)
 is  to encourage  States  to  assume  responsibility  for  management  of  construction
 grants  and  other  priority programs, leading to full  delegation  of the program.  A
 grant is  provided to a State when it is able to exercise effective management for a
 substantial  portion  of  program activities.   EPA is  working  with  all States to con-
 tinue ensuring optimum  delegation and effective  State  oversight.  EPA anticipates
 that  all  States  and Puerto Rico will have  signed  delegation  agreements  by the end
 of  1985,  with  38  of the States fully delegated by that time.

      The  goal  of  the water quality  management  planning  grant program under Section
 205(j)  is  to  support priorities  for determining  the nature  and extent  of  water
 quality problems;  identifying  cost-effective  means  to  meet  and maintain  water
 quality standards,  including  nonpoint   source  control  programs;  and  identifying
 municipal wastewater treatment  construction  needs.   States  are required  to consult
 with  local,  Regional  and  interstate  agencies  in  developing  work  plans  for  using
 these funds.                             <

      In accordance  with Congressional directives,  the Administrator  is  reviewing
 all proposed  advanced  treatment  (AT)  projects  where the  incremental  cost of the
 advanced  component  is  greater than $3,000,000.   The  Regional offices are respon-
 sible for  a  similar  review  of projects:  with  an  incremental  cost  of  less  than
 $3,000,000.  With the issuance of the Agency's AT  policy,  increased  EPA guidance,
 and State  awareness  of appropriate AT  review procedures,  EPA is  requesting  Con-
 gressional consent to delegate AT review functions for all  projects to those States
 and Regions  which demonstrate capability.   Headquarters will  continue to maintain
 appropriate oversight.
                                         i
                                         !

 1985  Program Request                     \

      In 1985,  EPA requests  a construction  grants  appropriation  of $2,400,000,000,
 a decrease of  $30,000,000 from 1984.  The decrease reflects elimination of separate
 funding to  correct  Marine Combined Sewer  Overflow problems under  Section  201(n);
 such  projects  are  eligible  for  funding  under  State discretionary  authorities.
 This  funding level wij 1 jjrovjde _for a total  of  650 grant awards and $2,400,000,000
 in net  obligations.   Th"e~ Ag"ency~ esTimate's~That~" outlays" win total" approximately "
 $2,500,000,000.  A total  of 1,060 projects  are expected to complete  construction.
 With  this  appropriation  States are  expected to  obligate   $92,776,000 for Section
 205(g) delegation management  and  $24,447^320 for  water quality management planning
 under Section  205(j).

      EPA expects  that all  States  will  have  accepted  initial  delegation  by the end
 of 1985.  We expect that  38  States  will  be fully  delegated, including  support  from
 the Corps  of  Engineers,  an  increase  of  six from  1984.   The  remaining  States are
 expected to continue at approximately the same level  of delegation  for the forsee-
 able  future.   Including  expected  205(g)  obligations  of  $92,776,000,  States  will
 provide 2,086  workyears  or 68  percent  of the total  program  management  staffing,
 EPA 19 percent, and the Corps of Engineers the  remaining 13 percent.

      EPA will  continue  working  with  States  in  targeting  funds  towards  priority
water quality  needs;  assuring  that proposed plants  are within each community's
 financial  capabilities  and use the most  appropriate,  cost-effective technology;
 completing and closing  out  projects  as  quickly  as  possible; ensuring  effective
 facilities construction  including  improved first  year operations; preventing waste,
 fraud or  mismanagement  and  taking  necessary  corrective   action;  meeting  grants
obligation and outlay  projections  and  reducing  excessive  unliquidated  balances;
 and managing effectively shared EPA, State,  and Corps of Engineers responsibilities.

     EPA anticipates that  States will obligate $24,447,320  under  Section  205(j) in
 support  of  water  quality  management  priorities  including  review and  revision  of
water quality  standards; development of needed nonpoint source control and  ground-
water management   programs;  and  ensuring  consistency   of   proposed   permits   and
construction grants with approved  water  quality  management  plans.
                                       C6-5

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1984 Program

     With a 1984  construction  grants appropriation of $2,430,000,000, EPA  expects
to award 726  Step  3 and 2+3 grants and to  obligate  $2,600,000,000  (net).   A total
of 885  projects  are  expected  to  complete construction.   These funds  will  also
support construction  grants management  activities  in  50  delegated  States  with
estimated 205(g)  obligations of $97,752,000; 205(j)  water  quality management plan-
ning activities  with  estimated  obligations of  $38,472,077 including  $14,100,000
from 1983 appropriations; and  funding  of  Marine Combined Sewer  Overflow  projects.
Federal outlays are expected to total  $2,500,000,000.
                                         :
     By the end of 1984, EPA expects that'the  construction  grants program  will  have
achieved essentially  full delegation.   Although States  may assume  responsibility
for a  limited  number  of additional  activities,  the delegated workload will  remain
relatively constant.  Of the 50 jurisdictions  with  delegation  agreements,  32 States
are expected to  assume  full  delegation, an  increase  of three over 1983.  EPA  will
primarily exercise the role  of  overall  program manager for  the  States.

     The Agency will  work with  States  to define  annual  national  program priorities
and objectives,  monitor delegated  State  programs,   and  provide  needed management
assistance.  The   Federal  program   will  emphasize  results-oriented  oversight  of
high priority  activities  where  there  are direct   financial,  water  quality,  or
public health  concerns.   EPA  will  ensure  that  funds  are  targeted to identified
water quality  and  public health  needs;  projects  are technologically  appropriate
and are  within the  financial  capability;  of  the  communities  served;  appropriate
advanced treatment  funding  decisions  are  made;  projects are  completed and  closed
out as  quickly as  possible; waste, fraud,  and mismanagement in  the program  are
prevented; and that  obligation  and  outlay projections  are  met  and  unnecessary
unliquidated balances reduced.            ',

    The $38,472^077 to  be  obligated  under  Section  205(j)  will  primarily  support
updates of  water  quality  plans  and  standards; development  of  nonpoint   source
control and ground-water  management programs; and development  of wasteload  allo-
cations on priority waterbodies for determining treatment needs.
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  construction  grant  obligations  totaled  $3,193,777,000  (net)  and
supported 809  awards  (280 step  2+3 and  529  step  3).   This  funding resulted  in
8,035 active  projects  by  year  end.    Federal   outlays  totaled  $2,982,669,000.
During the year  1,125 projects completed  construction  and,  by year  end,  approxi-
mately 3,550 P.L. 92-500 funded plants  were completed and on  line.

     During 1983, four  additional  States  signed  an initial  delegation  agreement.
Of the 50 jurisdictions with  delegation  agreements, 29 are considered to  be  fully
delegated.  Delegated States  obligated $126,849,000 under Section  205(g) in  1983
to support construction grants  and other eligible  program needs.   States  provided
1,973 workyears, or 63 percent of the total construction grants management  program.
States obligated $34,349,839  Section  205(j) funds,  including  $23,92~7,276  from the
1982 appropriation,  to  support  priority  water  quality management  planning  needs.
                                        CG-6

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

WATER QUALITY                                                                 WQ-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Water Quality Research	    WQ-10
       Municipal  Wastewater	    WQ-23
       Industrial  Wastewater	    WQ-31
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Water Quality and Grants Program Management	    WQ-40
          Water Quality Management	    WQ-42
          Great Lakes Program	    WQ-45
          Chesapeake Bay Program	:	    WQ-46
       Effluent Standards & Guidelines	    WQ-49
       Grants Assistance Programs	    WQ-54
          Clean Lakes Program	    WQ-55
          Control  Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	    WQ-56
          Training Grants (Section 104)	    WQ-57
       Water Quality Strategies Implementation	    WQ-59
          Dredge & Fil 1	    WQ-62
          Ocean Disposal  Permits	    WQ-63
          Environmental  Emergency Response & Prevention	    WQ-65
          Standards & Regulations	    WQ-66
       Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis	    WQ-69
       Municipal  Source Control	    WQ-73
          Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	    WQ-75
          Corps of Engineers	    WQ-79
          Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance	    WQ-80
    ENFORCEMENT
       Water Quality Enforcement	    WQ-83
       Water Quality Permit Issuance	    WQ-87
                                       WQ-1

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                                   WATER QUALITY


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Agency derives  its  water quality objectives from two  statutes:  the  Clean
Water Act  and  the  Marine  Protection,  Research  and Sanctuaries  Act.   Both  laws
direct the Agency to take measures to protect the Nation's waters so as to safeguard
public health, recreational use, and aquatic life.

     The Agency's  charge  under the Clean Water  Act  is  to meet the goals  of  clean
water by (1) making regulatory decisions based on  sound,  comprehensive,  scientific
and technical assessments; (2) implementing  and enforcing control measures directly,
or indirectly through  State and local programs; (3) providing technical, managerial,
and administrative  assistance to State  programs,  as  well  as providing  program
oversight; and  (4)  providing financial  assistance to  supplement  State  and  local
resources.

     The Clean Water  Act  relies  on a well-defined partnership  between  EPA and the
States, and EPA continues to encourage the States to take on primary responsibility
for implementing the Act.  The Act envisions a dual approach to point-source pollu-
tion control:   the technology-based  approach,   which  uses  nationally  prescribed
effluent limitations  to  achieve  pollutant  reductions, and the  water  quality-based
approach, which is  used  to set permit limits on a  site-specific  basis  where  tech-
nology controls  are  insufficient  to  achieve  ambient  water  quality  standards.

     EPA and States issue permits  under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System to  impose  discharge  limitations  on  municipal  and  industrial  point-source
dischargers.  To date, permitting has focused primarily  on technology-based limits,
with industrial permits  developed using  best professional  judgment in  cases  where
technology standards  are  not available.  Water  quality-based  permitting  has  been
used to some extent in the  past and will  be used to a greater extent  as the Agency
and States refine biomonitoring and wasteload allocation techniques.

     The Marine Protection,  Research and  Sanctuaries Act authorizes the  Agency  to
develop criteria for the ocean disposal  of materials based on a number  of statutory
factors including  environmental   considerations  and  the  need  for disposal.    The
Agency is also authorized to designate disposal  sites for those materials and  issue
permits for all nondredged materials.   Another aspect of the ocean disposal program
is incineration-at-sea,  for which EPA issues permits and designates sites.

     Relevant to all these areas are the activities of the research and development
program, which must provide the timely analysis,  information,  and  analytical  tech-
niques to support the  regulatory program.

ISSUING NPDES PERMITS

    The primary focus of the NPDES permit  program in  1985  will  be the  reduction
of the backlog  of  major  permits to be issued by EPA so that  industrial  and  muni-
cipal  dischargers receive permits in sufficient  time to  comply  with requirements  by
July 1988,  the  Administration's  proposed  statutory deadline  for  industrial   dis-
chargers, and  by  July 1988  for municipal  dischargers  with extensions  authorized
under Section 301(i) of  the Act.

     Primary emphasis  will be  on  the  issuance of expired major industrial  permits,
using Best Available  Technology   guidelines  (BAT)  to impose toxic  limitations  and
water quality controls as  necessary.  The  Agency will also  emphasize the  issuance
of major municipal  permits using  available  tools (e.g., biomonitoring,  wasteload
allocations) consistent with Section 301(h) discharge waivers, pretreatment require-
ments, and revision to secondary  treatment  standards.   EPA  will also  provide  tech-
nical  assistance to the States in implementing BAT permit requirements.   The majority
of major expired or expiring permits will  be reissued by the end of 1985.
                                      WQ-3

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     Research in this area will  focus  on developing a method for  conducting  site-
specific toxicity  reduction  evaluations to  be used  by  permitting authorities  to
issue discharge permits to industry, based on  toxicity as  a  major  parameter.   Work
will also  take  place to  develop  Toxicity Reduction  Manuals,  which will  identify
the in-plant sources of aquatic toxicity and define the ability of various treatment
options to reduce or eliminate this toxicity.

IMPLEMENTING THE PRETREATMENT PROGRAM

     Local  POTW  pretreatment  program   development   and   approvals will   also  be
emphasized in 1984  and  1985,  resulting from the  July  1983 deadline for  State  and
EPA approval of  local  programs.   An estimated 370  of  1,700 needed programs  have
been approved to date.   If  local  programs are not  approved, EPA  and  States  will
ensure that the program is implemented.

     In addition to overseeing development of  pretreatment programs, EPA  will  also
take appropriate enforcement  measures   to  assure  implementation   of  the  national
pretreatment compliance  strategy.    In  cases  where  cities  have  not  implemented
approved programs,  EPA will  enforce national  pretreatment  requirements.

IMPROVING COMPLIANCE WITH NPDES PERMITS

     In 1985,  compliance efforts  will  emphasize  implementation   of  a  municipal
compliance strategy  to   assure  compliance  by   all  municipalities  by  July  1988,
wherever possible.    Our  goal  will  be  to  assure that  Federally  funded  treatment
facilities are constructed as  necessary and  properly operated and  maintained,  and
that unfunded municipal  dischargers take  necessary  steps  to meet  effluent  limits.
Where significant  noncompliance  persists,  EPA   will  take  necessary   enforcement
action.  The research  program  will provide expanded  engineering  support to  solve
operational and design problems, reduce costs, and  improve compliance  for existing
POTWs.

     We will also continue to maintain a strong enforcement presence with industrial
noncompliers to assure a continued high  rate of  industrial  compliance.   Industrial
wastewater research will  continue  to provide  quality assurance  support  for  NPDES
compliance and to   operate  the Discharge  Monitoring  Report -  Quality  Assurance
Program.

COMPLETING EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

      The Agency should  finish promulgating  all  the effluent  guidelines  covered
under the  Natural   Resources  Defense   Council  Consent  Decree  in  1985.   Twenty
regulations have been  promulgated,  and twelve  more  have been  proposed to  date.
The guidelines will be used  by the Agency  and  the States  in  developing  toxic  limi-
tations for industrial  dischargers.  Activities in 1985 will  also  include litigation
and negotiation support for  the guidelines  that have already  been  issued.

IMPROVING TOOLS AND KNOWLEDGE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS

     The 1985  abatement  and   control  program  will  continue to  develop tools  for
determining control  needs beyond  technology-based  controls with work  in  areas
such as biomonitoring, site-specific criteria  protocols,  sediment  criteria,  sludge
criteria, and criteria  for marine  and  estuarine  situations.  We  will   continue  to
work with States to improve  the quality of monitoring data  generated by  the States,
including data collected in  cooperation with  local  governments  and industry.   In
1984 we will begin  and  in 1985 continue development of environmental criteria for
municipal sludge disposal  for  use in  determining  sludge toxicity and  selecting
environmentally appropriate  disposal  options.
                                      WQ-4

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     In 1985 we  will  carry out national  studies, such as the Dioxin Study begun in
 1984, to determine the extent  of  contamination  by these specific pollutants in the
 ambient environment.  These studies will  increase our knowledge base and enable the
 Agency to make better environmental decisions in the future.

     The research  program  will  continue  to define,  develop,  and validate protocols
 for adapting water quality criteria  to  site-specific field  applications  and  will
 upgrade and  validate the  field models  needed  to  identify  water  quality  limited
 stream reaches and to calculate wasteload  allocations.   Research  will  also  focus
 on development of  wasteload allocation procedures  based  on the net toxicity  of  a
 complex effluent.   An  expanded effort  for  integrating pollutant-specific  toxic
 control techniques  with  toxicity  testing procedures for  complex  effluents  for use
 in permitting will also be undertaken.

      As the Nation  completes  initial implementation of  technology-based  controls
 for municipal  and  industrial  point   sources, nonpoint  source  pollution is  being
 increasingly identified as  a  significant  pollution  problem  which must  be addressed
 in many areas  of the country.   In recognition  of this  problem,  specific activites
 which EPA  will   undertake  include issuing  in  1984  a  policy  statement  addressing
 nonpoint source  pollution  and  the use of  available funds  under Sections  106 and
 205(j) on these  programs  and developing  a  new  agreement with  the  U.S.  Department
 of Agriculture to  focus  technical  assistance and dissemination of  information to
 fanners in water quality limited  basins  on the  economic and  environmental  advan-
 tages of applying  various  proven  best  management  practices.   EPA  will  also  con-
 tinue working with the  Department of the  Interior  on controlling  nonpoint  source
 problems on Federal lands.

 FOCUSING ON BASINS OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE

     The Water Program will continue in 1985 to  focus on basins of major importance
 to the public and  the Congress, by significantly expanding  the  Federal  commitment
 to cleanup  of  the Cheasapeake  Bay.   The  Agency  will   work  with  the  States of
 Maryland, Viginia, and Pennsylvania and with  the  District of Columbia  to implement
 management plans  resulting  from the research  findings of  the seven-year  Chesapeake
 Bay Water Quality  Study.   The   Study  identified three areas  of  concern  facing the
 Bay:   (1) the  disappearance of submerged  aquatic  vegetation;   (2) the influx of
 nutrient loads from  point  and  nonpoint  sources; and  (3) the  contamination  of the
 Bay and its tributaries by  toxic substances.

     A State and Federal effort has been  organized  to address  these concerns.   The
 Bay Executive and  Implementation  Committees  were established on December  9,  1983
 by the EPA Administrator,  the  Governors  of the  three States, and the  Mayor  of the
 District.  The Agency in 1985  will support  actions to  address these  concerns, to
 include cost-sharing  grants  to the  States  for demonstration  of   nonpoint  source
 control  practices,   for development  of stringent  toxic  control  permits  using  bio-
 monitoring procedures,  for wastewater  plant operator  training,   for  improvement
 of local  pretreatment programs, and for  technical assistance to farmers and  small
 businesses  in designing controls.

     EPA's  Great  Lakes  National  Program  Office  will  continue  to  carry  out  the
 International Agreement   with   Canada  to   support  water  pollution  control  in  the
Great Lakes  with continued  support   from  our  Grosse He lab  and  other  research
 laboratories. The  focus  will  be on the  use  of fish,  water,  and  air sampling to
determine water  quality  improvement  and  to  identify  emerging problems as a  basis
 for resource  management  and allocations.  The  Agency will  also continue to  award
Clean Lakes grants to complete  existing lake restoration  projects.

 IMPLEMENTING  A  MARINE PROTECTION PROGRAM

     In  1985, the  Agency  will   promulgate  the  revisions  required  by  a  court  de-
 cision to the  ocean  dumping   regulation,  which  will  provide   for balancing  the
environmental effects of  ocean  disposal versus other disposal  methods while  meeting
                                      WQ-5

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specific environmental criteria contained in the statute.   The  Agency will  continue
to review, process, and  issue  permits  for  ocean  disposal.   EPA  win  complete  the
environmental impact  statements on  ocean  disposal   sites  for  site designations
required under the  National  Wildlife Federation  Consent  Decree.   Additional  site
designation work will  begin  on dredged  material  disposal  sites  not covered  under
the Consent  Decree.   The  Agency  will   conduct  monitoring  surveys   for  dredged
material and  other  ocean dumping  sites  to determine the  environmental  impact  of
ocean disposal.  Regulations  will  be promulgated for the  control  and  monitoring
of incineration-at-sea activities.   The  Agency will  continue to survey and monitor
existing ocean  incineration  sites  and   will  process additional  applications  for
incineration-at-sea permits.

     The research  program  will  continue to  develop  and  validate  techniques  for
assessing the impact  of  ocean  disposal of  wastes, develop  monitoring techniques to
evaluate the  long-term effects  of  ocean disposal,  and  evaluate  the trade-offs  of
alternative treatment   technologies  with  respect  to  environmental   effects.   The
research program will  also work on procedures to evaluate acute  and chronic  toxicity
and bioaccumulation potential  of contaminants in  sediments  for  use in the  dredge
disposal and  ocean  dumping permit  programs.  This effort  is  coordinated  with  the
National Oceanic  and   Atmospheric   Administration  and  the  Corps  of   Engineers.

MANAGING CONSTRUCTION  GRANTS

     EPA will continue to  provide  responsible fiscal stewardship  of Federal  con-
struction funds and to ensure  that  this  program, which  is essentially fully dele-
gated, continues to achieve  statutory  objectives.   EPA  will  ensure that  the  $2.4
billion requested in  1985  is  focused  on  priority projects with the greatest  water
quality and health impact,  while emphasizing  local  financial capability  and  imple-
mentation of  the  most cost-effective  wastewater  treatment  approaches.    Building
upon years  of  experience,  EPA will  assist  States  and  communities   in  making
appropriate technological and  funding decisions  through dissemination  of  informa-
tion on  effective  and ineffective  wastewater  treatment  technologies  and  sludge
management approaches.  EPA  will also assist States in  implementing the  remaining
statutory reforms  which  become  effective   in  1985,  particularly  revised  funding
eligibilities and engineering  performance  requirements.   In addition to  maintain-
ning effective oversight  of  delegated activities,  EPA  "will continue  to  exercise
responsibility for  providing  needed  program guidance  and  assistance,   performing
nondelegated activities,  working with the  U.S.   Corps  of  Engineers  in  assuring
technical integrity of wastewater  treatment projects and monitoring projects  with
overriding Federal  interest.

     The municipal  wastewater  research program  will  continue to provide the  tech-
nical  information and  engineering  assistance needed  by  EPA and municipalities  to
develop regulations and  guidance for  disposal  of  sludge  and  control  of  pollution
from municipal treatment  plants and to bring treatment plants into compliance  with
State discharge permits.   The  specific objectives of the research  program in  1985
are to  1)  accelerate  the  use  of   Innovative  and  Alternative  (I/A) technologies
through post-construction  evaluations  of  I/A treatment  technologies;  2)  develop
more effective sludge  treatment  methods  to  enhance  the  use of sludge  as well  as
reduce the volumes of  sludge expected from  construction of new systems;  3) support
guidance development to control  toxic  pollutants and minimize water quality  impacts;
and  4) provide the scientific assessment,  health, engineering, and monitoring in-
formation base for  a  systems analysis approach  for  the  States  to use in  evaluating
control options.

IMPROVING ASSISTANCE TO STATES

     To ensure that States have sufficient Federal  support  to carry out  require-
ments the  Federal   government  has   placed   on  them,  EPA  will  maintain  the  1984
appropriated level   for Section 106  grants.  Together with  available  funds  under
Sections 205(g)  and  (j),  States  will  be  able  to  carry  out their  basic  water
programs and deal with priority  needs,  including incorporation of  toxics  in  State
                                       WQ-6

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water quality  standards,  incorporation  of  toxic  limits  in permits,  reduction  of
permit backlogs,  implementation  of  pretreatment  programs,  and  development  of
nonpoint source  control  programs.   EPA will  improve its  efforts  to make  States
accountable for  outputs agreed  to  under delegation agreements  and will  continue to
strengthen our  oversight  of State  performance  to fulfill  EPA's  responsibility  to
ensure that the Congressionally mandated program is carried out.

CONTINUING PROTECTION OF WETLANDS

     The major  effort  in  1985  in  the dredge and  fill  program will  be  to develop
and apply technical  guidance and  regulations  to ensure  effective  protection  of the
wetland waters  of the  United States and to encourage States to assume Section 404
permitting authority from the Federal government.

     Headquarters will develop  guidance and  revise regulations  and  procedures  to
identify and  address  the  most  significant  environmental  problems in  wetlands and
other aquatic  systems.  The Regions will review  and  comment  on  public  notices  of
permit applications; elevate permits,  when  necessary, to  higher  levels  of manage-
ment; and establish jurisdictional  boundaries.

     In addition, Headquarters  will  work  with the  Regions to develop  innovative
techniques (e.g., a joint  pilot  permitting  program  with  the  States and  Federal
government) to  encourage  State  assumption  of  the program.   Regions will  manage
State program  development  grants,   consult  before  submittal,   review  submissions,
and coordinate with  other  agencies.

MAINTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL  EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITY

     The environmental emergency  response  program will  continue  to maintain  an
around-the-clock capability to  receive  notice of  and  respond to major incidents  of
accidental  releases   of oil	and  other  petroleum  products (spills  of  hazardous
substances are  covered under   Superfund).   Removal  actions  will  be directed  by
Regional field  personnel  at  serious  incidents  where   the responsible  party  is
unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is incapable of  providing  adequate response
and where  State or local  authorities   lack  appropriate  expertise  or  resources.

     The cleanup  monitoring  program  will   continue to  provide  incentives   for
adequate removal by  the  responsible  party,  as  well  as serve  as a  mechanism  for
drawing State and local agencies into directing removals  themselves.   The Agency's
focus in 1985 will be  on encouraging State and local governments to assume a greater
share of the   responsibility  for  responding  to  oil  spills.   Federal  resources,
therefore,  will be  concentrated on  major  actions where  State,  local, or  private
response is not feasible.
                                      WQ-7

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WATER QUALITY
Program Activities
Effluent Guidelines
P roposed 	 	

Ocean Dumping Permits..... 	
Construction Grants Awards. .......
Active Construction Grants Proj...
Step 3 and Step 2+3 Project
Compl eti ons 	 	 	
Signed 205(g) Agreements.... 	 	
State Program Approvals, National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) 	
Adjudicatory Hearings Settled-
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal -

Non -municipal


Enforcement Actions
Judicial Enforcement Actions
Supported
Notices of Violation


Clean Lakes Projects Completed....
Spill Prevention Control and
Spill Removal Actions Conducted...
Spill Removal Actions Monitored...
Actual
1983
13
11
11
809
8,035
1,125
50
36
76
125
337
381
'1,357
6
85
831
1,994
16
11
1,700
120
400
Budget
Estimate
1984
18
29
55
597
4,764
1,200
49
38
76
181

300

58
88
673
1,978
0
40
2,000
120
400
Amendment/
Current
Estimate
1984
3
7
25
726
6,328
885
50
38
136
201

385

40
88
673
2,052
25
26
2,000
120
400
Estimate
1985
0
4
25
650
4,711
1 060
51
40
114
300

450

60
124
658
1,951
12
20
2,000
120
400
Increase +
Decrease -
1985 vs
1984
Compl eted
3

76
-1,617
+ 175
+ 1
f 2
22
+ 99

+ 65

+ 20
+ 35
15
- 101
13
6
--
    WQ-8

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

WATER QUALITY

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Water Quality Research	    WQ-10
       Munici pal Wastewater	    WQ-23
       Industrial  Wastewater	    WQ-31
                                       WQ-9

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                                   WATER QUALITY
                               Water Quality Research
Major Outputs/Milestones

Evaluate and Standardize
Monitoring Methods

- Sampling technology for
  representative analysis
  of ambient water quality
  (Monitoring)

- Evaluate enforcement
  potential of in vivo
  stress indicators for
  monitoring water quality
  (Monitoring)

Provide Quality Assurance

- Provide status report for
  repository, referee analytical
  services, QC sample program,
  and performance evaluation
  survey (Monitoring)

- Provide reference cultures of
  biological test organisms (fish,
  microbiota, etc) (Monitoring)

Develop the Data to Support
Water Quality Standards and
Permits

- Health effects bioassay
  methods for determining
  whether receiving streams
  meet wasteload allocations
  (Health Effects)

- Determine the effect of
  particulate size and
  density on the incidence
  rate of swimming-associated
  gastroenteritis (Health
  Effects)

-  Assistance in modifying or
   determining health criteria/
   standards for site-specific
   situations (Scientific
   Assessment)
         Amendment/
         Current
Actual   Estimate        Estimate
 1983     1984            1985
 9/83      8/84
           8/85
 6/85
 8/86
 7/83      7/84
 8/83      8/84
 7/85
 8/85
 6/86      6/86
12/84     12/84
 6/86
12/84
 9/83      9/84
 9/85
                                        WQ-13

-------
                                                      Amendment/
                                                      Current
                                            Actual    Estimate         Estimate                         J
 Major  Outputs/Milestones                      1983       1984             1985                            I

 -  Report  on  the  feasibility                12/84     12/84            12/84
    of  using chemical  speciation
    models  to  derive  site-specific
    criteria (Env.  Processes)

 -  Feasibility  report on  integrating                                   12/86
    single  pollutant  criteria  and
    complex effluent  approaches for
    regulatory application
    (Env. Processes)

 -  Manual  of  field validated  wasteload        9/86       9/86             9/86
    allocation models  (Env.  Processes)

 Develop Data  To Support a Sound
 Ocean  Disposal  Program

 - Project  report  on  partitioning            10/85     10/85            10/85
   of harmful  materials in sludge
   between  sludge  and  seawater
   (Env. Engineering)

 - Report on removal  of metals                1/85       1/85             1/85
   and  organics  in  alternative
   treatment systems  for ocean
   discharge (Env.  Engineering)

 - User manual for evaluation  of               9/86       9/86             9/86
   a waste  proposed for ocean                                                                           .
   dumping  (Env. Processes)                                                                             J

 - Final report  on  hazard  assess-              9/86       9/86             9/86
   ment methods  for evaluating
   ocean dumping impacts
   (Env. Processes)
<•»
 Implement  Great Lakes Study

 - Documentation of Great  Lakes                6/85       6/85             6/85
   Models  (Env.  Processes)

 - Report on methodology/protocol  for          1/86       1/86             1/86
   field exposure/effects  assessment
   of a Great  Lakes area of  concern
   (Env. Processes)
                                         WQ-14

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                               Water Quality Research
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $15,134,000  supported  by 238.6  total  workyears
for 1985, an  Increase  of  $86,500 and a decrease of 4.4 total workyears  from 1984.
Included in  this  total are  $11,559,000  for Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $3,575,000
for Research  and  Development,   with  an  increase  of  $1,488,000  and  a decrease  of
$1,401,500 respectively.  The  increase  in the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
reflects a shift  of  resources  to support increased costs  of laboratory  operations
and joint  research  with  the  People's  Republic  of China.   The  decrease  in  RSD
reflects the  shift for laboratory  operations,  the  concentration of health research
in the Drinking Water  decison  unit, and  completion  of  a large part  of the environ-
mental processes  research  work  on  ocean  dumping  waste  evaluation  protocols.

Program Description

     Over the next several years, uniform technology-based requirements mandated by
the Clean Water  Act (CWA)  for municipal and  industrial  effluent  discharges  will
largely be  in place nationwide.   However,  in  water  bodies  where  these  controls
have achieved  State  water  quality standards,  the Clean  Water  Act  provides  for
additional control  measures.   The EPA's  research  and development program  will
provide the  scientific and technical  base  to  help States implement site-specific
standards through  water quality permitting.   We  are  shifting  our  emphasis  from
development of  single  chemical  criteria to development  of  methods  required  for
permitting on water  quality  limited segments where there  are multiple dischargers
with complex  effluents.   The  ocean  disposal  research  is  structured to  provide
information to  support the Agency  in  evaluating the  use  of the oceans  for waste
disposal.

     The following objectives support these goals:

     Objective 1.  Evaluate and Standardize Monitoring   Methods  to  Support  Water
Quality Programs I  This activity develops and standardizes water monitoring methods
needed for identifying toxic pollution problems, evaluating  stream  flow  and efflu-
ent variabil ities, and  evaluating  compliance with ambient water quality  standards
and permit requirements.

     Objective 2.  Provide  Quality Assurance to Support  Water  Quality  Programs.
This research develops  and standardizes  quality assurance methods,  provides  con-
tinuing basic quality  control  materials  and guidance,  and determines the adeauacy
of analytical procedures.

     Objective 3.  Develop the Data to Support Water Quality  Standards and Permits.
This activity provides the information and tools needed by Federal and State permit
programs to correct  ambient  water  quality problems that remain  after the mandated
minimum pollution  control  technology {e.g.,  secondary  treatment, effluent  guide-
lines) is in place.

     Objective 4.  Develop  Scientific  Data to  Support  an  Environmentally  Sound
Ocean Disposal Program!  This  research  program  develops   and val idates  protocol s
needed by EPA for predicting and evaluating  impacts from  ocean disposal  practices.
The major focus is on hazard assessments, biomonitoring techniques,  and identifying
acceptable disposal practices.
                                      WQ-15

-------
     Objective 5.  Implement Great Lakes Study.   This  program  evaluates,   measures,
and develops predictive tools needed for understanding the distribution of  pollutants
and resulting  effects  on  water quality,  aquatic life,  and  human exposure  through
aquatic food chains of Great Lakes ecosystems.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $302,700  supported  by  4.0 total  workyears  for
this program,  of which  $212,700  is  for Salaries  and Expenses and  $90,000 is  for
Research and  Development.   This  reflects an  increase of  $15,200  in the  Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation  and a  decrease  of  $10,000  in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.  The  increase  in  Salaries   and  Expenses  and  the  decrease  in
Research and  Development  are due  to  increased  support for  in-house  operations  and
a shift of extramural resources to support this.

     Develop the Data to Support Water Quality Standards and  Permits.   ORD   will  con-
tinue to support program  offices,  States, and  local officials  in  the  implementation
of site-specific human  health criteria.  This will  Include:   providing assistance  in
the evaluation  of  potential  local  health  hazards  caused  by  exposure  to  chemical
pollutants;  developing methods  for evaluating  effects of exposure to complex  mix-
tures;  and  providing  input to Clean  Water Act  Section  301(g) permit modification
requests.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is allocating a total   of $297,500  and 4.0 total  workyears
to this program, of  which  $197,500 is under the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $100,000  is  for extramural purposes  under  the  Research  and  Development  appro-
priation.

     Develop the  Data   to Support Water Quality  Standards and  Permits.  Methods for
assessing risk of human exposure to chemical  mixtures are  being revised and published
based on scientific workshops and public comments.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated a  total  of  $715,400 and  12.6 total   workyears
for this program,  of which $498,400 was  under  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $217,000  was   for extramural  purposes  under  the  Research and Development
appropriation.

     Develop the  Data  to Support  Water Quality   Standards  and  Permits.   A working
draft of the  guidelines for evaluating  available health  data associated  with  human
exposure to  complex mixtures of chemicals was developed.   Seven mini-criteria (i.e.,
maximum safe  concentrations as  indicated by a   minimum  data  set)  for  preliminary
hazard assessments  were developed  in  lieu  of  full  criteria.   Updates of existing
guidelines and methodology were initiated in 1983.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND  QUALITY ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of  $2,283,100  supported by  36.9 total   workyears
for this program,  of which $1,858,100  is  for  Salaries and Expenses and $425,000  is
                                       WQ-16

-------
for Research  and Development.  The  decrease of  $244,000  reflects one  time funding
for the  development of  biological  monitoring techniques.   A one  position decrease
reflects a  transfer of  one  workyear to the  centralized quality  assurance effort in
the Intermedia  Decision  Unit.  Increased   funding  of   $66,800   will   support the
increased cost  of laboratory operation.

     Evaluate   and  Standardize Monitoring and Measurement  Methods to  Support  Water
Qual ity Programs'.   Biosurvey  techniques will be  evaluated and standardized for de-
termining use-attainability  and  wasteload   allocations.   Program focus  will   be on
taxonomic identification, enzyme  activity  level  monitoring and rapid  chronic  tests.

     Provide  Quality  Assurance  to Support  Water  Quality  Programs.  New materials
were furnished  to  enable States and EPA laboratories  to  check their monitoring pro-
cedures for  toxicity testing  regimes  promulgated  by  EPA.   The  performance of new
test organisms  will be  documented and  compared   for  quality to  existing reference
calibrants.  The  quality assurance program  will  be maintained for  existing biolog-
ical, chemical  and  physical tests used in water quality analysis.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,460,300 and 37.9 total workyears
to this program, of which $1,791,300 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $669,000 is  for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropria-
tion.

     Evaluate   and  Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to  Support  Water
Quality Programs'.   Work  Ts  being  carried   out   on adapting  freshwater  monitoring
procedures foruse  in  marine  waters,  standardizing  a  procedure   for   using fish
lethality as a  way  of determining water quality,  evaluating  freshwater  methods used
to measure  the  condition  of  aquatic  ecosystems,  and   standardizing  stream flow
measurement methods.

     Provide  Quality  Assurance  to  Support  Water  Quality   Program.  The quality
assurance programcontinuestofurnishcalibrationmaterialsforStates and  to
standardize toxicity  tests  for the  permitting  process.   EPA  is  evaluating  a  rapid
and low-cost  (five  day)   subacute toxicity   test  to replace  an  existing  life  cycle
test (100 days).

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$102,300 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogramnrings.  (-$102,300) Several  reprogrammings  were made to this activity
which were  not  reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   These
changes resulted in a net decrease of -$96,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and  a decrease  of  -$6,000  to   the  Research  and  Development  appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the   Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $2,581,000  and 51.7  total  work-
years for  this  program,   of  which  $2,313,000 was  under  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $268,000  was  for  extramural   purposes under  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.
                                       WQ-17

-------
     Evaluate and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement  Methods  to   Support   Water
Quality Programs!366 acute toxicity tests using aquatic  organisms  and  an enzyme
indicator were completed and used to support water quality  permits.   Acute toxicity
tests for iron and  steel  wastes were  conducted.   Laboratory precision tests  were
completed with fathead minnows  using  cadmium as  the toxicant.  The  reliability  of
acute toxicity tests which use an aquatic organism was evaluated  for  four toxicant
reference materials.

     Provide Quality Assurance  to  Support   Water  Quality  Programs. Performance
evaluations were provided  to over  600 participating laboratories.   A short  term
embryo-larvel test for effluent  biomonitoring was  evaluated.   Calibration materials
were provided to ensure acceptable  data quality,  with a major effort  on providing
biological test specimens.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $443,600 supported by 6.1 total  workyears  for
this program, all of which  is for Salaries  and Expenses.   This  reflects  a decrease
of $200,000  in the  Research  and  Development  appropriation  and an  increase  of
$22,900 in the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This  decrease  reflects  the
continuing shift of health  research to the  Drinking Water health effects research
program to support  the  consolidation   of  water-related  health effect  issues  under
the direction  of  the  Drinking  Water  Office, and  the increase  reflects increased
support for laboratory  operations.

     Develop the Data  to Support Water Quality Standards   and  Permits.  The  Agency
has identified  specific  sites   where   waterborne  toxic  pollutants,  particularly
complex effluents, are of particular concern.  ORD  will  develop  techniques for use
in evaluating  site-specific human  health  problems  caused  by  complex  effluents.
Several new tests will  be  evaluated  and field tested,  and  the  most  useful  tests
will be described in a manual.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of  $620,700 and 6.1 total workyears
to this program, of which  $420,700 is  under  the Salaries  and  Expenses, appropriation
and $200,000 is for extramural  purposes under the Research  and  Development  appro-
priation.

     Develop the Data  to Support Water Quality Standards  and   Permits. Development
of short-term toxicological tests for  human  health effects  is continuing.  Research
to determine the effects  of particle  size on the  incidence  of  swimming-associated
gastroenteritis is being completed.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $1,064,600   and  17.7 total   work-
years for  this program,  of which  $864,600 was  under  the  Salaries   and Expenses
appropriation and  $200,000  was  for  extramural  purposes  under   the   Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Develop  the  Data  to Support  Water  Quality   Standards  and   Permits.  Re-
search studies on the  general toxicity  and  immunotoxicity  of napthalene  in surface
waters has been completed.   Studies on the  subchronic toxicity  of halomethane have
been published.
                                        WQ-18

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $237,500 supported  by  4.1 total  workyears for
this program, all  of which  is  for  Salaries  and Expenses.  This  is  an increase of
$12,500 in  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation,  reflecting the  increased cost
of  laboratory expenses.

     Develop the Scientific Data to Support an Environmentally Sound  Ocean  Dispo-
sal Program.ORD  will  develop  methods  to determine  physical  properties  of sludge
relevant to engineering aspects of  ocean disposal and will  provide  assessments on
alternate sludge treatment technologies  in  order to  determine the least  risk.  ORD
will also   evaluate  the  reliability  of  existing  treatment  technology  to  meet
effluent limitations.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $225,000 and 4.1 total  workyears
to this program,  all  of  which  is under  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.

     Develop  Scientific  Data  to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean  Disposal
Program.  Information on the effect  of various sludge treatment options on particle
size and density characteristics  is  being developed  for  use  in transport  and fate
models to help predict  sludge movement in the ocean.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There  is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of  $97,400 and 2.3  total  workyears to
this program,  all  of  which was  under  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.

     Develop  Scientific  Data  to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean  Disposal
Program.  Pilot  scale  treatment  units  were  fabricated   and  installed to  conduct
studies on  less-than-secondary   treatment processes  to  determine the  effect  of
treatment levels on pollutant uptake by marine organisms.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $9,356,400 supported by  179.5 total  workyears
for this program,  of which  $7,796,400 is for Salaries and  Expenses  and $1,560,000
is for Research and Development.  This is an increase of $1,359,900 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and  a  decrease of $947,500 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.  The increase reflects an additional  $525,000 for environmental
research in cooperation with  the People's  Republic of China and a shift of resources
to support  the  increased  cost  of laboratory operations.  The  decrease in  Research
and Development  reflects  this  shift and  a  decreased effort in  the  ocean  disposal
program as  a  result of completion   of  the bulk  of   research  in support  of  waste
evaluation protocols.

     Develop the Data to  Support Water Quality  Standards  and  Permits.   ORD will
provide field tested methods that States can use to  derive water quality  criteria
which take  into account  local  environmental  conditions  in   both  freshwater  and
                                       WQ-19

-------
marine environments.  Use-attainability research will  continue  to  develop  and test
assessment procedures for  determining  the  biological  integrity of  freshwater eco-
given site.   Wasteload  allocation  research  will  continue to develop,  upgrade,  and
test an  array of  models  that States  can  use  for setting  permit conditions  for
toxic as well as  conventional pollutants.  EPA will continue to operate the Center
for Water  Quality Modeling which will provide manuals,  computer tapes, and  other
assistance on various models  to  States and  EPA client offices.   Increasing effort
will be  given to development  of wasteload  allocation  procedures  based on  the  net
toxicity of a complex effluent.   An expanded research  effort  will  focus on  integra-
ting pollutant-specific toxicity testing procedures  for  complex effluents  for  use
in water quality permitting.

     The Agency  will  participate  in  a joint  research  program with  the  People's
Republic of China  (PRC) in three areas of mutual  interest.   They  are;   (1)  effects
of pollution  on  freshwater organisms,  (2)  pollution  of  soil and  groundwater,  and
(3) modeling of water pollution  fate and  transport.

     Develop the Scientific Data to Support  an Environmentally  Sound Ocean  Disposal
Program.  Ocean dumping research, coordinated with  the National  Oceanic Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and  the Corps of Engineers,  will  develop and revise short-
term physical,  chemical,  and biological  screening procedures  for  characterizing
the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential of  wastes to  be dumped in
the ocean.  Also,  hazard  assessment protocols will  be developed to permit better
evaluation of ocean  dumping  impacts.  Procedures  will  be  developed and  validated
for biomonitoring  dumpsites   for chronic  long-term  effects.   EPA  will  develop,
revise, and field validate procedures  to evaluate acute and chronic  toxicity  and
bioaccumulation potential  of contaminants in  sediments for use  in  the  CWA,  Section
404 dredged material  disposal  and  ocean dumping  permit  programs.  To  improve  the
technical basis for  regulation of  outfall discharges,  research  will  develop infor-
mation used  in  the  protection  of  biological  resources and  develop  predictive  a
methodology for  relating  waste  discharage  practices  to   temporal   and   spatial
exposure conditions.  Technical   assistance  will  be given to the  Office of Water,
Regions, and others concerned  with 301(h) waivers  to the  mandatory  secondary treat-
ment requirement  for the  discharge of  municipal  wastes through  ocean  outfalls.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating a  total of  $8,944,00 and  182..9 total  work-
years to  this program,  of which  $6,436,500 is  under the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and  $2,507,500  is  for  extramural  purposes  under  the   Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Develop  the  Data  to  Support Water  Quality Standards  and  Permits.   EPA  is
completing the development  of protocols  for  determining the  nature and impact  of
pollutants on aquatic ecosystems under different  environmental  conditions.   Methods
for analyzing biologial  conditions of water  bodies  are being  developed  for applica-
tion in  use-attainability  assessments.  The  risk   to  organisms from  intermittent
exposure to pollutants  is being studied.   Newly  developed  site-specific  criteria
guidelines are  being  field evaluated  and  refined  in  conjunction with  developing
more precise  wasteload  allocation  models.    Models used  in  determining  National
Pollution Discharge Elimination  System (NPDES) permit  discharge limits for  contam-
inants of concern are being developed and field evaluated.

     Develop Scientific Data to Support an   Environmentally  Sound  Ocean  Disposal
Program.  Research will develop  techniques  and data for evaluating the  impacts  of
alternative ocean disposal strategies.  For  ocean-dumped material, research empha-
sis is  on  refining  measurements   of  ecological   impacts,  validating  predictive
methods, development of a  hazard assessment  protocol,  and  improving techniques  for
monitoring long-term  biological   impacts   at  dumpsites.   This  effort  is  being
coordinated with the NOAA and the Corps of  Engineers.
                                        WQ-20

-------
 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$146,900 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$146,900) A  reprogramming  was made to this  activity  which
 was not  reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This change
 resulted in a net decrease of -$146,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

 1983 Accomplishments

     In  1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $7,718,400  and  157.8  total  work-
 years for  this  program, of which  $6,193,500 was  under the Salaries  and  Expenses
 appropriation and  $1,524,900  was  for extramural  purposes  under the  Research  and
 Development appropriation.

     Develop the Data to Support Water Quality Standards and Permits.  The develop-
 ment of  protocols  for  determining  the  nature  of chemical  pollutants and  their
 impact on  aquatic  ecosystems  under  different environmental  conditions continued.
 Bioassessment methods for  determining biological  conditions  of  water  bodies  were
 developed and tested  to facilitate  establishment  of  use-attainability assessment
 procedures.  Revised  aquatic   criteria  for   ammonia  and  chlorine   were  prepared.
 Several mathematical models that have been developed  for identifying water quality
 limited stream  segments  and for making wasteload  allocation of most  conventional
 pollutants were field validated.

     Develop Scientific Data to Support an  Environmentally  Sound  Ocean  Disposal
 Program.  Development of techniques  for  measuring the  impacts  of  ocean  disposed
 materials on marine organisms  was  continued.  Techniques for estimating the impact
 of dredged material dumped in the ocean were  refined and field validated.  Biologi-
 cal techniques  for  monitoring long-term  impacts  on  dumpsites  were  developed  and
 validated.  This effort  was coordinated with the  NOAA  and the Corps of Engineers.


 GREAT LAKES RESEARCH

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $2,510,700 supported  by 8.0  total  workyears
 for this program, of which  $1,010,700 is  for Salaries  and  Expenses and $1,500,000
 is for Research and  Development.  This is an increase of $10,700  in  the  Salaries
 and Expenses appropriation.  The Research and Development  appropriation request is
 the same amount as  1984.  The increase in the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation
 reflects the increased cost of laboratory  operations.

     Implement  Great   Lakes  Study.  The  Great Lakes Research Program will  provide
 the U.S./Canada Water Quality Board and EPA Office of Water with technical  support
 under the  U.S./Canada  Water Quality  Agreement.    Intensive  field  studies  will  be
 conducted to evaluate  current methodologies for  development  of site-specific  water
 quality criteria and assessments  of use-attainability using existing  fish  popula-
 tion dynamics models and  bioassay,  biomonitoring,  and  bioavailability procedures.
 The extent of  fish  and  sediment  contamination  by polychlon'nated  and  other  syn-
 thetic organic compounds will  be emphasized.

 1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a  total  of $2,500,000 and  8.0  total  work-
years to this  program,   of  which  $1,000,000  is under the  Salaries and  Expenses
 appropriation and   $1,500,000  is  for extramural purposes  under the Research  and
 Development appropriation.
                                        WQ-21

-------
     Implement Great Lakes Study.  Research is continuing to identify and  evaluate
sources of pollutants  found  in  the Great  Lakes.   Mathematical  models  and  other
predictive techniques will  be developed and field  validated  for use in understand-
ing the transport,  accumulation, loss,  recycling,  and  impact   of toxic  pollutants
in large lake  ecosystems.   In addition, technical  assistance  will  be provided  to
the International Joint Commission, Program Offices and  Regional Offices.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated a total of  $2,499,000  and   7.3 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $999,200 was under the  Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $1,499,800 was for  extramural purposes  under the  Research  and Development
appropriation.

     Implement  Great  Lakes   Study.  Research  in  site-specific water quality cri-
teria,  eutrophication,   and  ecological  assessment was  conducted   and  technical
support provided  to the   International  Joint  Commission   and  U.S./Canada  Water
Quality Board for the Great Lakes.  An  intensive field study of a watershed of the
Great Lakes was  conducted to determine exposure, dose and  effects on environmental
populations by evaluating  exposure potential, exposure  experience,  critical  dose,
and observed effects based on biological epidemiology.
                                        WQ-22

-------
































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-------
                                   WATER QUALITY

                                Municipal Wastewater
Major Outputs/Milestones

Evaluate Innovative and Alternative
Technologies

-  Assessment reports of emerging treatment
   technology processes (Env. Tech.)

-  Conduct post-construction evaluation
   of I/A projects and publish reports
   for feedback to States, municipalities
   and consultants (Env. Tech.)

-  Process design manual on wastewater
   disinfection (Env. Tech.)

-  Process design manual for wastewater
   stabilization ponds  (Env. Tech.)

-  Handbook for cost effective treatment
   and disposal  of sewage (Env. Tech.)

-  Evaluation of sewer rehabilitation
   techniques (Env. Tech.)

-  Report on health assessment of
   airborne exposure to wastewater
   pathogens (Health Effects)

Evaluate Sludge Management Methods

-  Design manual for the land
   application of sludge (Env. Tech.)

   Design guidelines for sludge
   treatment processes (Env. Tech.)

   Provide health appraisal  report
   on sludge application (Health Effects)

-  Assess human  health hazard/risk
   assessment methodology and
   guidelines (Sci. Assess.)

Provide  for Compliance Achievement and
Upgrading of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Plants

-  Reports on design methods to correct
   poor  design practices,  and improve
   cost  and energy savings (Env. Tech.)
         Amendment/
         Current
Actual    Estimate   Estimate
 1983     1984        1985
 9/84      9/84
 9/83


 9/84


 6/83


 9/83
9/84


9/84
           9/85
9/85
           9/84
 6/86      6/86




 9/83


 6/84      6/84


 7/85      7/85



 6/85      6/85
           6/86
           7/85
           6/85
 6/84      6/84
           9/85
                                     WQ-25

-------
                                   WATER QUALITY


                                Municipal Wastewater
Budget  Request
     The  Agency  requests a total  of  $8,846,500 supported by  58.3  total  workyears
for  1985,  an  increase of $997,400  with  no increase in total  workyears from 1984.
Included  in this  total  is $2,854,100 for  Salaries  and  Expenses and $5,992,400 for
Research  and  Development, with increases of $82,100 and $915,300 respectively.  The
increase  provides  for new engineering research  efforts in toxic pollutants, compli-
ance, and  support  to water quality  standards.

Program Description

     The  purpose  of the  Municipal  Wastewater  Research Program is to  provide  the
technical  information and  engineering assistance needed  by  EPA and municipalities
for  the development  of  regulations and guidance  in  the disposal  of sludge, in the
control of  pollution  from municipal treatment plants and  to bring treatment plants
into compliance  with  National  Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination  System  (NPDES)
permits.

     The  following objectives support these goals:

     Objective 1.  Evaluate  and Assess Innovative  and Alternative (I/A| Technolo-
gies to"   Improve the Efficiency, Reliability  and  Effectiveness  of Municipal Waste^
water Treatment Systems.This  activityprovidestechnicalsupport,information
dissemination, post-construction evaluations  of completed projects, and engineering
assessments of  emerging  technologies required  to  accelerate and encourage  use of
Innovative and  Alternative technology in  the  Construction  Grants program  by  the
States and municipalities.

     Objective 2.  Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal
Methods for the Management of Municipal Sludge.This research provides the scienti-
fic  assessment, engineering, health effects,  and monitoring  information needed  for
the  effective treatment,  conversion, use  and disposal  of  sludges.   This research
is needed  for the development  of regulations and guidance  in  order to comply with
the  mandates  of both the Clean Water  Act and  the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act.
     Objective  3.   Provide  for  Compliance  Achievement and Upgrading of Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Facilities.Tnis activity provides the municipal sector with
both the  information  to correct treatment plant  deficiencies  and upgrade existing
plant capacities  to  achieve   compliance  with  NPDES  permits  at  minimal  costs.

     Objective  4.   Evaluate  Wastewater  Toxics  Treatability of  Various  Municipal
Treatment  Processes.This research provides  the information needed for developing
regulations andguidance to  control  toxic  pollutants  and minimize  water quality
-impacts through  effective use  of  municipal   treatment  processes,  and  management
options which seek  to minimize pretreatment where possible.

     Objective  5.   Provide Water Quality Planning and  Regulation  Support for  the
Water Quality Standards  and Permit ProcessT  This  research  provides  protocols  to"
States to  perform  a systems analysis approach for  evaluating  various  options for
achieving  rational  water quality goals at minimal cost.
                                       WQ-26

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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $96,400 supported by 2.0  total  workyears for
this program,  all  of  which  is  for  Salaries and Expenses, an  increase  of $12,700
over 1984.   This  reflects the need for  additional  resources  to complete a method-
ology for conducting  health  hazard  and  risk assessment evaluations  of sludge dis-
posal options.

     Evaluate and Assess  Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal  Methods  for
Management of Municipal Sludge.Efforts  will  finalize risk  assessment  guidelines
for determiningcriteriafor  contaminant levels  in  sludge,  begun  in  1984.   The
potential health risks associated with the sludge disposal option of land spreading
will be assessed for five  contaminants.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $83,700 and  2.0 total workyears
to this program,  all  of  which is under the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.

     Evaluate and Assess  Improved Treatment, Utilization[and  Disposal Methods  for
Management of Municipal Sludge.EPA sludge management policy needs to be supported
by multi-media exposure and  health  risk assessments  capable  of showing  that risks
will be minimized  under that  policy  for 1984.   Research is initiating the develop-
ment of risk assessment guidelines  for determining  criteria for contaminant levels
in sludge.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

    There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency did not obligate resources for this program.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $1,711,100  supported by 21.7 total  workyears
for this program  of  which $964,800  is  for  Salaries  and   Expenses and $746,300 is
for Research and  Development.   This  reflects  a decrease  of $42,100  and  $316,600
respectively.  The decrease results  from completion  of research  in  health aspects
of land treatment in municipal wastewater.  The epidemiological  studies in Lubbock,
Texas, and  Israel  will  be nearing  completion.  Available  data  is  adequate  for
present Agency regulatory  priority needs.

     Evaluate and  Assess  Innovative and Alternative  (I/A) Technologies to  Improve
the  ETficiency, Reliability   and  Effectiveness  of Municipal Wastewater Treatment"
Systems.  This research, which provides data and appraisal documents  on the  health
aspects of land treatment of wastewater, will be drawing to a close.   Emphasis will
be on pathogens,  organic  chemicals,  nitrates  and  sodium.   Scientific information
is needed to  assess  the  effects on  human  health  resulting  from the exposure  to
biological  and  chemical  pollutants  contained  in wastewater.   This  research  will
assist State and  local  officials to  develop practices  which  are relatively  free
from risks to human health.
                                      WQ-27

-------
     Evaluate  and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal  Methods  for
the  Management of  Municipal Sludge.  Research will  focus primarily on identifying
the presence  of  adverse human  health-related  organic   chemicals  in  sludge  and
assessing their potential mutagenic  and  carcinogenic toxic effects.  Research will
provide definitive data on the fate of human pathogens  present in domestic sludges,
specifically viruses and parasites which possess resistence to inacti vation.   Field
studies will be  conducted under  various climatic conditions to  determine  the die-
off of parasites and  viruses.  Animals  will  be evaluated as  potential  human  surro-
gates to  study pathogen  infectivity.   Microbial data  are  necessary  to  form  the
basis for regulations and guidelines for land application of sludge.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $2,069,800 and  21.7 total  work-
years to this program, of which $1,006,900  is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation and $1,062,900 is for extramural purposes under the Research  and Develop-
ment appropriation.

     Evaluate  and Assess Innovative and Alternative  (I/A) Technologies to  Improve
the  Efficiency, Reliability and  Effectiveness  of Municipal   Wastewater  Treatment
Systems.Currentresearch  activitiesnearingcompletionin the land treatment
health program  include:   epidemiological studies in  Lubbock,  Texas,   and  Israel,
studies on movement  of pollutants through the  air and  soil,  and  studies on the up-
take of pollutants by  plants.  Research will provide data which will  determine if
pathogens have been  reduced  to a  safe infectivity level  for wastewater applied to
land.

     Evaluate  and Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal  Methods  for
the  Management  of Municipal Sludge.  Research is focused on determining the trans-
port and fate  of  toxic pollutants resulting from land application  of  sludge.  The
focus is on pathogens, heavy metals, and organic  chemicals  that  may be transmitted
from sludge.  Methods  will  be adapted and  validated to  develop  data which  can be
used in quantifying  the degree  of human risk associated with  land treatment  of
sludge.  An appraisal document to support anticipated regulations is being prepared
as well as the  completion  of cooperative epidemiological studies  of farm families
utilizing sewage sludge for agricultural purposes.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the  amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total   of  $1,973,300  and  21.1 total  workyears
for this program  of  which  $742,100 was under the Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,231,200 was  for  extramural  purposes under  the Research and Development
appropriation.

     Evaluate  and Assess Innovative and Alternative  (I/A) Technologies to  Improve
the  Efficiency, Reliability and   Effectiveness of Municipal Wastewater  Treatment"
Systems.  Research  reports   were   completed  on  disinfection,   infective  doses  of
waterborne pathogens, particular  virus  species in water  pollution  testing,  waste-
water aerosols emitted in sewage treatment,  and organic contaminants in wastewater.

    Evaluate and  Assess Improved Treatment, Utilization and Disposal  Methods  for
the  Management  of  Municipal  Sludge.  Research  reports  were  completed  on the
evaluation of mutagenicity of sewage sludge, human biological risks associated with
the composting of wastewater sludge, hazardous trace  amounts of selenium in sludge,
the effects of  cadmium on the kidneys, cadmium concentrations in the urine and its
relationship to  blood antibodies, the  inactivation  of viruses  in  sludge,  and the
identification and significance of viruses in sewage.
                                       WQ-28

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total of  $7,039,000  supported by  34.6  total  workyears
for  this program,  of which  $1,792,900  is  for Salaries and Expenses and $5,246,100
is for Research  and Development, representing increases of $111,500 and $1,231,900
respectively.  The  increases  reflect  new  efforts   in  the  areas  of  compliance
achievement,  toxics  treatability,  and  water  quality  planning  and  regulation
support.

     Evaluate  and Assess Innovative and  Alternative (I/A) Technologies to Improve
the  Efficiency, Reliability  and  Effectiveness  of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Systems.ActivitiesTnthisareasupport the Construction Grant I/A program by
providing technical .assistance  in  reviewing  project  plans,  recommending innovative
technologies, and providing  planning, engineering  and analytical  assistance to the
Regions and States.   Information about  promising new treatment processes developed
by the  industrial   and  university  sectors will  be  evaluated.   Post-construction
evaluations of operational I/A  projects will  be  conducted in 1985 producing needed
information on  design,   energy  use,  and  the   operation  and  maintenance  costs.

     Evaluate and Assess Improved Treatment,  Utilization  and Disposal  Methods for
the Management  of  Municipal  Sludge.  Evaluations will be conducted on pilot  and
large scale combinations  of  multi-stage anaerobic digestion  and  wet  air oxidation
to determine the mass and volume reducing  capabilities  of the system.  Evaluations
of promising  conversion methods  such  as  mechanical  composting and  conversion  of
sludge to liquid or  gaseous  fuel will  be  completed.  Sampling  of digested  and un-
digested sludges from  several   plants will  be carried  out to  supplement  existing
data on  concentrations  of pathogens  bacteria,  viruses,  and  indicator  organisms.
This information will be used to judge  the effectiveness  of  new low-cost treatment
methods which meet  RCRA regulation  requirements.   Also, the effects of  selected
sludge treatment processes on the concentration  and  availability  of toxic  organics
and metals will  be evaluated.   The Teachability  of toxics and nutrients  from in-
cinerator sludge ash will be evaluated  to determine  whether  the  residue will have
a significant negative impact on a landfill.

     Provide  for  Compliance  Achievement  and Upgrading  of Municipal   Wastewater
Treatment  Facilities.  Expanded  resources will fund a series  of short  reports  on
solving operational  and design problems, reducing costs, and increasing compliance.
Research will  also  focus on two methods  for upgrading existing  overloaded plants
through the integration of a high  biomass  reactor and improved aeration technology
Design and cost information  will be provided  to the municipal sector to potentially
decrease capital  investments  by 20 to  40  percent  and lower  energy consumption  by
50 percent.

     Evaluate  Uastewater  Toxics  Treatability  of  Various   Municipal    Treatment
Processes.  Increases in  this  area will  support  a  new  program  for  determining
toxics removal  efficiencies   and reliability  of  various  treatment  processes  to
enhance toxicity removal  in  municipal  plants.  This  work  is in direct  support  of
the Office  of Water in  developing  regulations  and  guidance   to  control  toxic
pollutants  by  establishing    "rational permits"  and  minimizing pretreatment.

     Provide  Water Quality  Planning and Regulation Support for  the Water   Quality
Standards and Permit Process.  The engineering  data  base  necessary  for States  to
assess control options  and water quality  impacts in  order to issue realistic dis-
charge permits is incomplete.  This  may  result in the selection of costly treatment
alternatives.   Additional resources  will   provide  for analytical   methods  research
and support on engineering data base to  be used by States in  their planning  process
to achieve rational,  less  costly water  quality  goals.   Implementing this  systems
analysis approach should  result  in  more  equitable  wasteload  allocations,  ensure
reasonable margins  of safety  in stream loadings,  eliminate over-design of treatment
plants and produce  lower life-cycle  costs.
                                        WQ-29

-------
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $5,695,600 and  34.6  total  work-
years to  this  program,  of  which  $1,681,400  is  under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $4,014,200 is  for  extramural  purposes  under the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Evaluate  and Assess Innovative  and Alternative (I/A) Technologies to Improve
the  Efficiency. Reliability  and  Effectiveness of  Municipal  Wastewater Treatment
Systems.  Pre-construction  reviews  are   continually  being  carried  out  for  the
Regions and States to  determine  projects that qualify for  I/A  funding.   Post-con-
struction evaluations of  operational  I/A projects are being initiated  and will  be
used to accelerate  the transfer  of operational  and  cost  data  on successful  I/A
technologies to  the  municipal   sector.    Information  dissemination   is  achieved
through a centralized clearinghouse  operated  in direct  support  to  the  Construction
Grants program and through a series of regional  seminars.

     Evaluate and  Assess Improved Treatment,  Utilization   and  Disposal  Methods for
the  Management  of  Municipal  Sludge"!  Research   in  this  program is  being  con-
ducted in two  major areas:   the treatment  and the  disposal  of  sludge.  In  the
treatment area,  emphasis will   focus  on  innovative stabilization  and  digestion
processes such  as high  solids retention  reactors,  and  multi-stage digestion pro-
cesses that have the potential for destruction of  greater  quantities of sludge and
reducing costs.  Research  in the  disposal  area will include  those projects  that
show promise for minimizing  environmental  impacts from  land application  of  sludge
and focus on characterizing  the  mechanisms  which  control  the uptake and the  trans-
formation of toxic   organics  and  pathogenic  organisms  in  sludge amended  soils.

     Provide  for Compliance  Achievement  and  Upgrading   of Municipal   Wastewater
Treatment  Facilities.For 1984, efforts will be  continued in  assisting local com-
munities in improving the operational reliability, compliance rate, and  cost  effec-
tiveness of treatment  plants by  identifying  and  eliminating chronic  design  prob-
lems.  A new effort  will  begin  in evaluating new technologies  for upgrading  over-
loaded treatment plants, at minimal capital  costs.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$152,200 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming. (+$152,200)  A  reprogramming  was made to  this activity  which
was not reportable under  the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This  change
resulted in a net increase of +$152,200 to the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $8,942,800  and  90.3 total  workyears
for this program,  of which  $4,183,500 was  under  the Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation and $4,759,300 was for extramural purposes under the Research  and Develop-
ment appropriation.

     Evaluate and Assess  Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies  to  Improve
the  Efficiency, Reliability  and  Effectiveness  of Municipal  Wastewater Treatment"
Systems!  To  date,   approximately  200  detailed  engineering revi ews  of  faci lity
plans and designs of innovative technologies have  been  carried  out for the Regions
and the  States  in  support  of  the  Construction  Grants  program.   Ten  assessment
reports of  emerging innovative   technologies  were  completed.   Post-construction
evaluations of  operational  I/A  projects  were initiated and  included  technologies
such as ultra-violet disinfection, biological  phosphorus removal and land treatment
of municipal wastewater  (overland flow).
                                       WQ-30

-------

































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                                                                     WQ-32

-------
                                   WATER QUALITY
                               Industrial Wastewater
Major Outputs/Milestones

Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring

- Prepare annual OA Discharge Monitoring
  Report in support of NPDES (Monitoring)

- Develop quality control samples for
  6C/MS and other analytical series
  (Monitoring)

Develop/Validate Measurement Systems

- Correct deficiencies in the approved
  600 Series Methods for analysis of
  the organic priority pollutants
  (Monitoring)

- Review applications/recommend approval
  for 1-3 general and 90-100 specific
  equivalent test procedures
  (Monitoring)

Develop and Evaluate Scientific/
Technical Tools

-  Methods manual for asbestos in
   wastewater (Env. Processes)

-  Final report on independent
   testing and application of
   Master Analytical Scheme (MAS)
   (Env. Processes)

   Project report on organic compounds
   identified in Effluent Guidelines
   Division (EGD) samples by Liquid
   Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
   (LC/MS) (Env. Processes)

-  Toxicity reduction manual for organic
   chemicals industry (Env. Engineering)

-  Field evaluation of a prototype
   membrane process for electroplating
   wastewater treatment (Env. Engineering)
        Amendment/
         Current
Actual   Estimate   Estimate
 1983      1984       1985
 9/83      9/84
 9/83      9/84
           9/85
           9/85
           9/84
           9/85
 9/83
 9/84      9/85
6/84
 6/85      6/85


12/84     12/84




 2/86      2/86





 9/83      4/81


 9/84      9/85
                                     WQ-33

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                               Industrial  Wastewater


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $2,787,800  supported  by 28.5 total  workyears
for 1985,  an  increase  of $894,200  and 1.0  total  workyear  from 1984.   Included
in this  total is $1,593,900  for Salaries and Expenses and $1,193,900  for Research
and Development,  with  increases  of  $117,200 and  $777,000  respectively.  The  in-
crease reflects  engineering  research for developing  a  protocol  manual to be  used
by permitting officials  to  evaluate  the industry's toxicity  reduction procedures.

Program Description

     The Clean Water Act  requires that  industrial  wastewater  discharges  be  regula-
ted by technology based,  water quality  based  and toxicity based  regulations.   This
program provides  the research  support  areas of control technology,  quality  assur-
ance, monitoring systems, and industrial wastewater characterization.  This  support
assures that  regulation  of  industrial   wastewater  discharges  is based  upon  sound
science, and is cost-effectively implemented within the state-of-the-art.  The  pro-
gram will place  special  emphasis  on the reduction  of toxicity  of industrial  dis-
charges for  National  Pollutant Discharge  Elimination  System (NPDES)  permittees.

     Objective 1.  Provide  Quality Assurance and Monitoring  Support  for Industrial
Wastewater and  National  Pollutant Discharge Elimination  System (NPDES) ActivitTesT
This activity develops the quality assurance tools  and support programs to document
the quality of  all  measurements  related to Industrial  wastewater discharges,  for
compliance with  technology based  regulations, and  for toxicity reductions required
by water quality based regulations.

     Objective 2.  Develop  and  Validate  Measurement Systems for Industrial  Waste-
water Dischargers and NPDES SuppoTt^Cost-effectiveanalyticalmethodswhich  are
required by section 304(h) of the  Clean Water Act (CWA)  are developed and verified.
Approved methods  are  corrected for  deficiencies to  assure their  applicability to
industrial wastewater monitoring  for compliance with the technology based  regula-
tions or  for  toxicity  reductions  required  by the water quality  based  regulations.

     Objective 3.  Develop and Evaluate Scientific  and Technical  Tools  to  Support
Permitting and Enforcement Activities.  This  research  addresses   th~eneed  for  a"
method to  conduct site specific  toxicity  reduction  evaluations  (TREs) to be  used
by permitting authorities to issue  discharge permits  to industry.  This research
addresses the need  for  a  more complete data  base  to  enable  permitting authorities
to issue  Best Professional  Judgment  (BPJ)   discharge  permits  based  on  toxicity
reduction concepts  so  that  Industry  can meet water quality based  standards  in the
most cost-effective manner possible.  Separation,  characterization and measurement
of organic and  inorganic  chemical species from selected industrial  effluents  will
be made.

MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $1,515,900  supported  by 18.8 total  workyears
for this  program, an increase  of $47,000.   Included  in  this total  is $1,079,000
for Salaries  and Expenses,  and $436,900 for  Research and Development, an increase
of $27,000 and  $20,000  respectively.   This  reflects  a  level of  effort which is
                                       WQ-34

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essentially unchanged  from  1984.   This  increase  supports the  NPDES  program by
providing quick-term  research  support for analytical methods  for priority organic
pollutants for use  in the  field.

     Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support for  Industrial Wastewater and
National Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination  System'  (NPDES)  Activities.  During the
year a voluntary  performance evaluation study will  be conducted on a representative
subset of  the  NPDES  enforcement  laboratories to  evaluate their  analytical profi-
ciency and  to  identify  analytical   problems.   The  Discharge Monitoring  Report-
Quality Assurance  (DMRQA)  Support  Program  will   be  continued.    It  is  a  special
analytical evaluation  study on  26  regulated parameters  aimed   at  evaluating the
quality of  self-monitoring DMRQA data  submitted  to the  States  and to  EPA by the
8000 major  dischargers  within  the   NPDES.   The  expected  accomplishments are  a
statistical evaluation  report  on the analytical   proficiency  of  the  NPDES labora-
tories and individual  debriefing  reports  to each  of the participating laboratories
indicating their  performance relative to their peer laboratories.

     Develop  and   Validate  Measurement Systems  for Industrial Wastewater  Discharges
and NPDES Support"!Chemicalinterferents  will  be  identified  in  the  discharges of
those industrial  categories where the  gas  chromotograph/mass  spectrograph (GC/MS)
methods prove to  be deficient.  The  correct test procedures  will  undergo regula-
tory review and  be  amended to  the analytical guidelines.   The equivalency  program,
which is  intended  to  encourage  analytical  methods  development  by  the  private
sector, will  be  continued.   Methods approved  for nationwide use will  be incor-
porated by reference into  the appropriate regulations.

1984 Program

     In 1984 the  Agency is allocating  a total  of  $1,468,900  and  18.8  total  work-
years to  this  program,  of which  $1,052,000 is   under the Salaries and   Expenses
appropriation and  $416,900  is  for   extramural   purposes   under  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support for  Industrial Wastewater and
National  Pollutant Discharge  Elimination System  (NPDES)  Activiti'eTI  The  National
NPDES StandardsRepository willbe  maintained,  andwhere appropriate,  standards
will be made traceable  to National  Bureau of Standards  (NBS)  reference materials.
Continued quality assurance audit support  will  be given to  the  NPDES Discharge
Monitoring Report monitoring  network to maintain the  reliability  of  the data and
document its precision and accuracy.

     Develop  and   Validate Measurement Systems for Industrial  Wastewater Discharge
and NPDES Support!ComponentelementsoftHeNPDESpriorityorganicpollutant
test procedures  approved  in 1983  under the  provisions  of  section  304(h) of the
Clean Water Act  will  be  re-evaluated for deficiencies  and modified to  make  them
more generally applicable  to all  wastewaters.    Test  procedures  will  be assessed
for applicability to  the  analysis  of  priority  pollutants in  sludges,  hazardous
wastes, brackish and marine waters, and sediments  and dredge spoils.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$20,000 results  from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$20,000) A  reprogramming  was made to this  activity  which
was notreportable  under  the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This change
resulted in a net decrease of  -$20,000 to the  Research  and Development  appropria-
tion.
                                      WQ-35

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1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $3,320,600 and  39.2 total  workyears
for this program, of which $2,045,400 was under Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 1,275,200  was  for extramural  purposes  under  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

     Provide Quality Assurance and Monitoring Support for Industrial  Wastewater and
National  Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination  System (NPOES) Activities.   Performance
evaluation standardswerepreparedan"3verified  for  EPAregional   and  State
enforcement laboratories  and  for some  of EPA's  contract laboratories  for  profi-
ciency in  industrial  wastewater analysis.   The  annual  audit  report of  the  NPDES
Discharge Monitoring Report monitoring  network  for 1983 was completed  and  samples
were prepared and validated in preparation for the  1984 audit.

     Develop  and Validate Measurement Systems for Industrial  Wastewater Discharges
and NPDES Support"!  TfTIgas  chromatographic  (GC),  high pressure  liquid  chromato-
graphic (HPLC),  and GC/MS test  procedures   for  the analysis  of  organic priority
pollutants were  validated  by  multilaboratory tests.   Final  reports  of  these  tests
will be available  early in 1984.  Application of these test procedures to matrixes
other than treated  wastewaters  has  been demonstrated,  with  some modification  to
analysis of the priority pollutants in sludges.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $952,600 supported by  4.0 total  workyears for
the program,  an increase  of  $839,600  and  1 total  workyear.   The  total  includes
$195,600 for Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $757,000 for Research  and  Development, re-
flecting an  increase  of  $82,600  and   $757,000   respectively.    The  increase  in
resources will  be  used  to improve the  Agency's ability to  conduct toxicity reduc-
tion evaluations   (TREs)  and  to  evaluate   cost-effective  control   alternatives.

     Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting  and
Enforcement  Activities.   Increases  provide for a data base to  enable  permitting
authorities to  issue  Best  Professional  Judgment  (BPJ)  discharge  permits  for indus-
try to  meet  water quality  based  standards  in   the  most  cost-effective  manner
possible.  These efforts  will  focus on  complex,  highly toxic wastewaters  such  as
dye and pigment manufacturing, aluminum smelters, and organic chemicals production.
Manuals, for permitting authorities, will be  produced for  conducting site specific
toxicity reduction  evaluations  and  to  issue discharge permits to  industry,  based
on toxicity as  a major parameter, particularly in the  case of multiple industrial
contributions.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  a  total  of $113,000  and 3.0 total  workyears
to this program,  all  of  which  is under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.

     Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting  and
Enforcement  Activities.Evaluations of pollution control technologies for primary
aluminum processingaHd  foundry  wastewaters  are  being  conducted.  Cost-effective
treatment alternatives  will  be  determined and made  available  for  regional  offices
and State permitting officials to issue BPJ discharge permits.

     Toxicity reduction evaluations  for  organic  chemical  industry  are  being con-
ducted.  The  results  from these  evaluations  will be made  available to permitting
authorities for  issuing  toxicity based  discharge  permits,  especially  in the area
of multiple industrial contributions.
                                      WQ-36

-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$113,000 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (+$113,000)  Several  reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were  not  reportable  under Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  These
changes resulted in a net increase of +$113,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $2,224,900 and  17.6 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which  $868,700 was under the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropri-
ation, and  $1,356,200 was  for extramural  purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment Appropriation.

     Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to  Support Permitting  and
Enforcement  Activities.Eighttreatmenttechnologiesfor  themetal  finishing
industry have  been identified which may justify the changes  in NPDES permit limita-
tions.  Two of these  technologies,  Bouyant Media Filtration and  Zerpol  Zero Dis-
charge, will  be further studied  to  determine their effects on  the permit limita-
tions.  The Treatability  Manual  which  provides  available  cost-versus-performance
data for frequently used  industrial  waste treatment technologies  has been updated
and made available  for  utilization by regional offices and  State  permitting offi-
cials.  Efficient,  low-cost  treatment technologies  for toxic  metals and  organic
pollutants have been evaluated for the organic chemical industry.


ENVIRONMENTAL  PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $319,300  supported by  5.7  total  workyears  for
this program,  all  of  which is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
reflects an increase of $7,600.

     Develop   and  Evaluate  Scientific  and  Technical Tools to Support Permitting
and Enforcement Activities.In 1985 this program willsupport  the Effluent Guide-
lines Division  (EGO) in maintaining  the  GC/MS tape  library  and  to  further identify
those chemicals still unidentified that recur  frequently in industrial  effluents.
Separation and measurement of  organic and inorganic  chemical  species from selected
industrial  effluents will  be  made.   Nonvolatile  organics in suspended matter  and
sediments will be emphasized.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating  a  total  of $311,700  and  5.7 total  workyears
to this program,  all  of which  is under the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.

     Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical Tools to Support Permitting  and
Enforcement  Activities.ReliableinformationontHecompositiono?complex
industrial  effluents  is  being  developed  to  identify  potential  problem  areas  and
to set priorities in taking environmental protection measures.   The information  is
also useful in  preventing new  problems  before they emerge  into  crisis  situations.
In 1984 this  information  on chemical composition of effluents  is  being  developed
by scanning the information generated  by  GC/MS under  the effluent guidelines pro-
gram.  Verification   is  accomplished   through   specialized  analytical  efforts.
Characterizations are being  conducted of selected industrial  effluents with respect
to pollutants  not  presently  identifiable or  measurable  but  which  are  found  to
recur frequently.
                                      WQ-37

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1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      There 1s no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total of $289,800 and 5.1 total workyears  for
this program,  all  of  which  was  under the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.

     Develop and Evaluate Scientific and Technical  Tools  to  Support Permitting   and
Enforcement  Activities.In  1983,  accomplishmentsincludedtfiepreparation  of
a manual for comprehensive analysis of volatiles in  soils,  sediments, and  sludges;
and a  report based  on Effluent  Guideline computer  tapes   which  list  frequently
recurring compounds  in industrial  effluents  that  have  been  identified to date,
using special  techniques   that  are  not  identifiable  through  spectral  matching.
                                       WQ-38

-------

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

WATER QUALITY

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Water Quality and Grants Program Management	    WQ-40
          Water Quality Management	    WQ-42
          Great Lakes Program	    WQ-45
          Chesapeake Bay Program	    WQ-46
       Effluent Standards & Guidelines	    WQ-49
       Grants Assistance Programs	    WQ-54
          Clean Lakes Program	    WQ-55
          Control  Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	    WQ-56
          Training Grants (Section 104)	    WQ-57
       Water Quality Strategies Implementation	    WQ-59
          Dredge & Fill	    WQ-62
          Ocean Disposal Permits	    WQ-63
          Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention	    WQ-65
          Standards & Regulations	    WQ-66
       Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis	    WQ-69
       Munici pal Source Control	    WQ-73
          Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	    WQ-75
          Corps of Engineers	    WQ-79
          Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance	    WQ-80
                                       WQ-39

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                                                           WQ-41

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                    Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $16,155,600 supported by 96.6  total  workyears
for this  subactivity,  of which $5,038,400  will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $11,117,200  will be  for the Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  an increase  of  $776,700 in  the  Salaries and  Ex-
penses appropriation and  an increase of  $1,039,900 in the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     This area provides for the  management of State financial  assistance  programs
and other  local   programs  for  water  pollution  control.   For  Agency   budgetary
purposes, these activities are divided  into three  program elements:

     Water Quality Management --  This  program, which  supports both Headquarters
and Regionalstaff,includes  grants  management;  oversight  and  technical  assis-
tance activities involved in the implementation of  Federal, State,  and local  water
quality management; and State financial  assistance under  Sections  106, 205(g)  (non-
construction grants  management),  205(j),  208,  and  303  of  the Clean  Water  Act.

     Great Lakes Program — This program provides  assistance  in implementing  U.S.
programs in  support  of the U.S. -  Canada  Great  Lakes  Water Quality Agreement.   A
major focus  of  the program is the measurement of  ambient conditions in the  Great
Lakes in order to  determine compliance  with the objectives of  the  Agreement.   The
monitoring portions of the program measure  water  quality  trends and the  effective-
ness of remedial  responses to emerging  pollution  problems.

     Chesapeake Bay Program— As  a  result  of  the  Cheasapeake Bay Water Quality
Study, the Agency is committing significant resources to  restore Bay water  quality.
The Agency is assisting the Bay States  and the District of Columbia  in implementing
control activities to  control  nutrient  and toxic  effects in the Bay.  In  addition
to maintaining the  Bay Liaison  Office  in  Annapolis, the Agency will provide  cost-
sharing grant assistance  to the States for  implementing nutrient  and  toxic controls.
The Agency conducts detailed monitoring and  modeling studies to assist in  the  clean-
up effort.


WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1985 Program Request

    The Agency requests  a total of  $3,627,300 supported  by  76.6 total  workyears
for this activity,  including $3,447,300 under the Salaries and  Expenses  appropria-
tion and $180,000 under the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation.   This
represents an increase of one workyear and $235,600 in  Salaries  and Expenses  and
a decrease  of  $2,000,000  in the Abatement, Control and  Compliance  appropriation.
The workyear increase  is  for completing  and implementing the recommendations  of  a
study on coordinated use  of water quality grant  funds by the States; the  increase
in Salaries and  Expenses  represents Agency adjustments to align personnel funding
with anticipated needs.  The $2,000,000 decrease  in  Abatement,  Control and Compli-
ance reflects the  completion of  the  Congressionally  requested study  on  nonpoint
sources.  The Agency believes that  funds  available  under Sections  106 and 205(j),
together with existing  State management programs,  adequately address the  Agency's
priority concerns.
                                      WQ-42

-------
     State Program Coordination— EPA  will  continue  working  with  the States  to
coordinate water quality program objectives, outputs, and Federal  and State funding
mechanisms.  EPA and State program managers will negotiate annual program priorities
and accomplishment  commitments;  Agency  personnel  will provide  feedback  and  assis-
tance based  on  the results  of  annual  evaluations.  These efforts are  intended  to
ensure that Federal and State objectives, priorities, and funds are meeting  priority
point and  nonpoint  source control management  needs through  the most  cost-effective
approaches,  the Federal  program  will  emphasize results-oriented oversight  of  ac-
tivities and funds in support of  priority water quality or public health objectives.

     Revised Program Regulations — During 1985, EPA will implement simplified water
quality management  regulations and guidance covering  Section  205(j)  eligibilities,
program management  under  the Continuing Planning  Process,  and water  quality plan
updates.  EPA will  continue to  focus  water  planning  activities  on ensuring  that
the States update  Water Quality  Management  plans  and  effectively  carry  out  plan
consistency reviews.

     Grants Management—  Grants  totaling $54,200,000  are  being  requested  for
award under  Section 106  of  the  Clean  Water  Act  to  support  State  and  Interstate
water pollution  control  programs.  EPA  will  work  with the  States  to  target  the
majority of  available  funds,  including funds  available under  205(g),  to  reduce
permit backlogs, issue Best Available Technology permits, and  support municipal  and
industrial compliance activities, including high priority water quality monitoring.
Recommendations from the 1984 study concerning improved  coordination  of  the  use  of
Sections 106 and 205(j) funds will be implemented  if appropriate.

     The Agency expects to  award  $24,447,320  to the States in  1985  for  activities
under Section 205(j).  Highest funding  priorities  are the development of  priority
nonpoint source  control   and groundwater  management  programs  and  needed  updates
of State water  quality  management  plans.   EPA will continue  its  efforts to  ensure
that State processes  for developing  Section  205(j)  workplans  focus on effective
approaches to  solving  water  quality  problems  and  involve  appropriate  local,
regional, and interstate agencies closest to priority problems.


1984 Program            "          ~           ""  '"   ""   "   '

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating  a total of $5,391,700 supported by  75.6 total
workyears to this  program,  of which  $3,211,700  is for  Salaries  and Expenses  and
$2,180,000 is for extramural  purposes  under the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     EPA is continuing  to focus  on  coordinating  Federal and State water  quality
priorities and   programs.   Annual program  and  funding  priority  guidance  will   be
issued for Region and  State use.  EPA  will negotiate  with the States coordinated
use of Sections 106, 205(j),  and  non-construction  grant 205(g) funds  for  priority
areas.  A study of the  1982  and  1983 use of  Sections 106 and  205(j)  funds is also
being initiated.

     A simplified final Water Quality Management  (WQM)  regulation  will  be published
along with implementation  guidance.   EPA will  also continue work  with  States  in
updating their   Continuing  Planning Processes.   The primary  WQM objectives in 1984
are to improve  State decision-making  for pollution control on priority water bodies.

     In 1984 the Agency is issuing a  Report to Congress  on nonpoint  source  control
needs and costs, publishing a national  nonpoint  source control  policy and strategy,
and issuing the final  report on  the  Nationwide Urban Runoff  Program.   Using Con-
gressional  add-on   funds  and  Section  205(j)  funds, the  Agency  is  continuing   to
assist States  in  developing  implementation  strategies  for  controlling  priority
nonpoint source problems.   Technical  methodologies  for  determining instream effects
of nonpoint source  and  identifying  local  priority  nonpoint source problems,  based
on the National  Urban Runoff Program  report, will  be issued  to assist States,  local
                                       WQ-43

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government, and other Federal  agencies.   The Agency  is  also  continuing  coordination
efforts with  the  Departments  of  Agriculture  and  Interior to  promote  increased
information transfer  and  technical  assistance to the  Nation's farmers  concerning
water quality impacts of  farming practices  and land management efforts  for  meeting
overall water resource objectives.

     Funds totaling  $54,200,000  will  be  awarded under  Section  106 of the  Clean
Water Act  to  support  State  and  Interstate  water  pollution  control   programs.
Increased funding  for  permits   and  enforcement  activities,   including  necessary
water quality monitoring,  will  have highest  priority  under Section  106 in  1984.

     The Agency expects  to obligate $38,472,077 (including $14,024,757  obligated
from funds appropriated  in 1983)  to the  States  in 1984  for activities under  Section
205(j).  Priority activities for  Section 205(j) funding are  development  of priority
nonpoint source control and  ground-water  management programs,  and needed updating
of State  water  quality  standards  and  management  plans.   States  are  expected to
continue coordination  with  appropriate  local   agencies  in establishing  funding
priorities and allocation of funds.


1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$164,700 results from the  following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$164,700) A reprogramming was  made to this activity  which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   This  change
resulted in a net decrease  of  -$3,900  to the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming  was made  moving  all non-program  specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional support  program  element.   This reprogramming
to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling -$160,800,  was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress  on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated $9,942,900 supported by 234.4 total  workyears
for this program activity, of which $9,572,900 was  under the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $370,000 was  for extramural  purposes  under the  Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation.

     EPA published  draft  water  quality management  regulations which  give   States
maximum latitude in  managing environmental  programs   while  retaining   appropriate
oversight responsibilities.  The  Agency also worked with the  States,   encouraging
them to  strengthen  their  State  plans  and planning  processes,  and  ensured  that
States maintained effective procedures  for ensuring  consistency of  proposed  permits
and construction grants  with approved  State plans.

     EPA worked with  the  U.S. Department  of Agricultural (USDA)  Rural   Clean  Water
Program to develop  Best  Management  Practices for  pest control and  salinity problems.
The Agency also  continued  work  with the  USDA  and  North Carolina  State  University
in monitoring selected  cost-sharing projects  to  determine  the most cost-effective
agricultural BMPs.    The  EPA-Forest Service  interagency agreement was   renewed to
continue work on silviculture nonpoint  source  control  implementation  and a  train-
ing program conducted for foresters and  forest  land  owners.

     The Agency issued  its  annual  funding guidance on  priorities  for  use of  Sec-
tions 106,  205(j),  and  non-construction  grants  management  205(g)  funds, reviewed
work programs submitted in grant applications, and negotiated use  of the funds.   A
total of  $54,144,900 in Section  106  grants  was awarded to State and  interstate
water pollution control  agencies.  A total of $34,349,839 under Section  205(j)  for
water quality management planning was obligated by  the  States.
                                       WQ-44

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      In  1983,  this program  also  included resources  to  monitor and  overview  con-
 struction grants  activities  delegated to  the States  and  Corps of  Engineers.   In
 1984  and  1985 these  resources are  included under  the  Municipal   Waste Treatment
 Construction program  element.   With  these resources, the  construction  grants  pro-
 gram  issued  and  implemented  streamlined  Section  205(g)  regulations establishing
 more  flexible  policies  and  procedures  for delegating and  improving oversight  of
 the program's  administration.   A baseline   study  was  completed   identifying  EPA
 functions, activities, and resources needed for managing a fully delegated program.

      Additionally  during  1983, EPA worked  with  the  Corps  of Engineers  to  assure
 sound management  of  projects  through  the construction cycle  and to provide  assur-
 ance  that  opportunities  for  waste,  fraud,  and  mismanagement were  minimized.   In
 accordance with  negotiated and  approved  workplans,  the  Corps conducted  precon-
 struction reviews,  managed  construction  activites   including  interim  and   final
 inspections, maintained  on-site  presence at  large, complex  projects, and provided
 increased support  in  completing and closing out projects.


 GREAT LAKES PROGRAM

 1985  Program Request

     The Agency  is requesting  a  total  of $2,528,300  supported  by  15.0  total  work-
years for this program in  1985, of which $841,100  is  for the Salaries and Expenses
 appropriation and  $1,687,200  for  extramural  purposes under the Abatement, Control
 and Compliance  appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase  of   $41,100  in  the
 Salaries and Expenses appropriation and  a decrease of $2,210,100 in the Abatement,
 Control and  Compliance   appropriation  from  1984.   The  increase  results from  an
 Agency adjustment  to  reflect  personnel  costs.  The decrease  is due to  the  comple-
 tion of Section  108(a) demonstration grants,  a reduction in  resources required  for
 the Atmospheric  Deposition  Network,  and  a   reduction  in  resources required  for
 special studies such  as  the connecting channels study, for which work will continue
 in 1985 using extramural  funds obligated in 1984.

     The Great Lakes  National  Program  Office will  continue to  support  the activi-
ties of the International Joint Commission.   It will respond to information requests
 and will provide  technical assistance  to Headquarters and the  State Department  on
 official Canadian  requests and notes  concerning  U.S. Great  Lakes  policies.   Staff
support to the Water  Quality Board and its  committees  will  continue to  ensure  that
 U.S. views and policies  are adequately represented.

     The program  in  1985  will  work  on the Great Lakes monitoring  plan  as required
by Annex 11 of the Great Lakes Water Quality  Agreement.   Surveys of the Lakes will
be conducted  in   cooperation  with State  and Canadian  agencies to  determine  the
annual variability of ambient  phosphorus concentrations  and  the levels  and  trends
 in metals and  conventional  pollutant parameters.  A Great Lakes surveillance program
to detect toxic substances in  Great Lakes  fish  and sediments will   be conducted  in
several tributaries and harbors.  The results will be analyzed  and reported  to  the
States for regulatory follow-up.

     The results  of the monitoring,  including water,  fish, and  sediment  data, will
provide the information  necessary to  assess  compliance  with  Agreement  objectives,
to evaluate effectiveness  of  control  programs,  and to identify emerging problems.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating  $4,697,300 supported  by 15.0 workyears  to
this program,  of  which $800,000 is for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  and
$3,897,300 is  for  extramural  purposes  under  the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.
                                       WQ-45

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     The major focus  of  the program  continues  to be  directed  toward meeting the
U.S. commitments  under the  Agreement including the  Supplement  to  Annex 3, Phos-
phorus, which was signed  by  the two countries  on October  16, 1983.

     Activities sponsored by the  Commission to  implement  the Agreement  are sup-
ported by the  United  States and Canada.   Annual  water  quality  surveys  are being
conducted on Lakes  Michigan,  Huron,  and  Erie.    Fish,  sediment and  air sampling
will continue to determine  levels  and trends  of  nutrients  and toxicants affecting
Great Lakes water quality and  to  identify new substances  which  may pose a  direct
threat to public  health.  Joint  State,  local,   and  other  Federal  agency  efforts
will continue  to  develop plans  for  further  phosphorus  reductions in  the Lower
Lakes.  EPA  and  the  States will  continue the  development  of  Actions  Plans   to
address remaining pollution problems  in  the 18  most  significantly degraded areas
of the Lakes.

     In 1984, a sampling network and strategy to monitor the trophic, status  of the
connecting channels  will  be  designed and  a study  initiated.  As part of this  study,
a special investigation of the  Detroit River will  be  initiated to address the major
public concerns related to contaminated  fish and  sediment.


1984 Explanation  of  Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated  $4,760,200  supported  by  20.1  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,248,900 was  for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $3,511,300 was  for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1983,  the National  Program Office continued  its lead role  in coordinating
and implementing U.S.  programs  in  fulfillment  of the Agreement.  Specific  activi-
ties conducted in 1983 to  ascertain ambient conditions included fish flesh  analy-
ses from nearshore  and  open water  locations;  sediment  surveys  of  suspected toxic
hot spots in tributary mouths;  atmospheric deposition  collections  at 41 stations;
and mathematical   modeling  to  determine  transport,  fate,  and  maximum  allowable
loading of pollutants.  Other accomplishments  included  a  major ground-water  contam-
ination investigation  in the Niagara River Frontier in  cooperation with New York
and other Federal offices as part  of the Niagara  Frontier Agenda.

     The National Program Office  also continued  funding cooperative 108(a)  grant
programs with  State and  local  entities  in 31  counties  in  Indiana,  Michigan, Ohio,
and New York to  demonstrate voluntary  best management  practices to further reduce
phosphorus loadings, particularly  to Lakes Erie  and Ontario.

     Additional accomplishments included  participation  on  six standing  committees
and three  new  committees  of  the  International  Joint  Commission.  This  provided
major program  evaluations  and  new  monitoring  strategies to assess the  effective-
ness of U.S. and Canadian control  programs.


CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
 1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests $10,000,000  supported  by  5.0  total  workyears  for 19R5, an
 increase of  $5,750,000 from  1984.   Included  in  this total  is  $750,000  for  the
 Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  and  $9,250,000  for extramural  purposes  under
 the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation,   with  increases   of $500,000
                                       WQ-46

-------
and $5,250,000,  respectively.  The  increases  represent  an  Agency  initiative  to
work with  the  States to  implement  control  actions to  restore Bay water  quality.
The increase to  Salaries  and Expenses will  maintain the  program's data  base.   The
increase to Abatement,  Control  and Compliance funds cost-sharing  grants  for  State
control activities  as  well  as  an  increased emphasis on  the Agency's  own work  in
modeling and monitoring.

     The Agency  is  undertaking this  initiative  as  an  outgrowth  of an  Agreement
established December  9,  1983 by the  Administrator  and  the  Governors of  Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, the Mayor of the District of Columbia,  and the Chairman  of
the Chesapeake Bay Commission.   That  agreement  formally  supports two  Committees:
an Implementation  Committee,  consisting  of  senior staff,  and  an Executive Commit-
tee made up of the Governors, the District Mayor, and the  Administrator.

     Supporting those committees is the Chesapeake Bay  Liaison Office  in  Annapolis,
Maryland, which will be  staffed by a technical director  and  experts in  monitoring
and modeling.  Additional  technical  and program  support  will  be  provided through
Region Ill's water program office.

     The Agency  will supply  funds  for matching  grants  to  focus  State point  and
nonpoint source  control   efforts  on  critical   sub-basins.   These grants  will  be
targeted at reducing the loadings  of nutrients and toxics.  The grants will supple-
ment and  enhance  State  efforts in  establishing control  programs.   In  addition,
public participation projects will  receive  grant awards.   The  efforts of  National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the  U.S.   Geological  Survey  (USGS),
the Corps  of Engineers, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture  will be  coordinated
through the Liaison Office.

     Other activities of  the Liaison  Office will include complementing the tribu-
tary monitoring activities of the  States  by  monitoring the Bay's mainstem;  refining
the water quality  models  to  assess the impact of alternative  control options;  and
maintaining the program's computer  center, which stores the program's  extensive  data
base.


1984 Program                    ~   "~   """  ~'~        	"

     In 1984 the Agency  is allocating $4,250,000 supported  by  5.0 total workyears
to this program, of  which $250,000 is for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $4,000,000 is for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation.

     During 1984 the Agency  completed  and published  the   final  reports  of  the
research program  and  is   continuing  to  emphasize  the  Liaison Office's  role  in
coordinating the Bay  cleanup effort.  The  program issued  two final  reports  dis-
cussing research findings: "Chesapeake Bay:  A Framework  for  Action" and  "Chesapeake
Bay: Findings  and   Recommendations".   The  Agency  also   co-sponsored,  and played
an important role  in,  the Chesapeake  Bay  Conference held  in  December 1983.   The
Agency signed the  Chesapeake Bay  Agreement with  the Bay States as  an  outcome  of
the Conference.

     The Liaison Office is providing  oversight of  the  development  of  the July  1,
1984 implementation plans  called for  in  the "Framework  for  Action" report.  These
include plans for nutrient control,  toxic control,  and monitoring.

     The program continues to maintain the  data base and retrieve information  for
use by the States and EPA.

     The Liaison Office  is also monitoring ambient  samples  at the Bay's mainstem
stations and conducting sediment and  biological  samples at  selected stations.   In
addition,  the tributary monitoring  efforts of the States, NOAA, and USGS are coor-
dinated through this  Office.  A water quality model task   force  was  convened  to
review available models, and  make  recommendations  and  initiate the development  of
a model to more accurately reflect  Bay conditions  and dynamics.
                                      WQ-47

-------
     The program continues to support the Resource Users  Management  Team,  a  monthly
newsletter, and  citizen  participation  at Management  Committee  meetings.   Public
input on Bay Program findings and  recommendations  were also  made  known  through  the
Bay Conference.

     The Agency  is  working with the  States  to  provide  financial  support  through
matching grants to address areas of concern such  as nonpoint  source  control, toxic
control, and monitoring.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     During 1983 the Agency obligated $1,112,900 supported by  3.8 total workyears,
of which $216,900 was  for the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation and $896,000  was
for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1983,  the  Chesapeake  Bay  Program  completed  the  research phase   of  the
program.  Key documents were  published  and  others were readied for  printing.   The
prime activity of the Program in 1983 was to  shift focus  from research to  implemen-
tation.  Extensive work went into producing  the second  and third  of  the  Bay  Program
Reports, "Chesapeake Bay: A  Profile  of Environmental Change"  and "Chesapeake  Bay:
A Framework  for Action."   The  program's findings  were   carefully  scrutinized  by
the Management  Committee,  EPA,  the  States,  and  citizen  groups.   As  a  result  of
these findings,  a  framework  was  developed,  presenting   a   series  of  alternative
control plans for controlling nutrient  and  toxic loadings from point and nonpoint
sources.  This framework  served  as  the focal  point for discussions at the Governors'
Conference and  will  also  serve as the  basis  of  the  July  1, 1984 plans.   These
plans,  defining  actions,  roles, and  responsibilities,  will  be  the blueprint  for
all future control actions.
                                     WQ-48

-------
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                                   WATER QUALITY


                         Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  $9,484,400  supported  by  78.9 total workyears for  1985,  a
decrease of $7,070,300  and  16.0 permanent workyears  from  1984.   Included  in  this
total is $4,077,300 for Salaries and Expenses and  $5,407,100 for Abatement,  Control
and Compliance, with decreases of $540,300 and $6,530,000, respectively.

Program Description

     Effluent Standards Guidelines— This subactivity includes establishing efflu-
ent limitations  for industries  discharging  directly to  waterways and  indirectly
through publicly owned treatment works  (POTWs).  Effluent  standards and  guidelines
are promulgated under  the authority  of Sections  301,  304, 306,  307,  and  501  of
the Clean Water Act.

     The Clean Water Act  established a  comprehensive program to "restore and main-
tain the chemical, physical, and biological  integrity of the Nation's  waters."  This
program is a part of EPA's effort to implement this  legislative mandate through the
issuance of effluent limitations,  pretreatment  standards, and  new source  perform-
ance standards for  industrial  point  source  dischargers.  Through this program, the
Agency establishes a number of different kinds of  effluent standards and  guidelines
which are summarized below.

     Best Available Technology Economically  Achievable  (BAT) limitations  generally
represent the best  existing performance in the industrial category or subcategory.
The Act establishes BAT  as  the principal  national  means  of  controlling  the direct
discharge of toxics and nonconventional  pollutants  into navigable waters.

     Best Conventional  Pollutant Control Technology  (BCT) limitations   are  based  on
the "best conventional  pollutant control technology" for discharges of conventional
pollutants from  existing  sources.   Conventional  pollutants  include  biochemical
oxygen demand, total suspended solids,  fecal  coliform,  acidity (pH), and  oil  and
grease.  BCT is not an  additional limitation, but  replaces BAT  for the conventional
pol lutants.

     New Source Performance  Standards (NSPS)  are based on the best available demon-
strated technology.  New  plants  have the  opportunity to install the  best  and  most
efficient production processes  and  wastewater  treatment technologies without  the
retrofit problems experienced by existing plants.

     Pretreatment Standards  for Existing Sources (PSES) are designed to prevent the
discharge of polluants  which pass through, interfere  with,  or  are otherwise incom-
patible with  the  POTW's treatment process or  chosen sludge-disposal   method.   The
similar regulation for  new plants is Pretreatment  Standards  for New Sources (PSNS).

     In developing each  regulation,  the Agency examines  raw materials,  industrial
processes, water usage,  wastewater  characteristics,  and  treatment technologies  in
use or potentially applicable.  The  requirement for  economic achievability has led
the Agency to conduct extensive studies  of the financial and economic  achievability
of regulatory  options.   These  options  are  examined  separately  to   determine  the
potential for  plant  closures  as  well  as  such factors  as impact  on  production
levels, return on  investment,  employment, industry  size  and  concentration,  foreign
trade, regional economics, and the economics  of related industries.
                                      WQ-50

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     As a result of the 1976 Settlement Agreement between the NRDC and EPA and sub-
sequent revisions to the Act, the Act  now  requires  the  achievement  by July 1, 1984
of effluent  limitations  requiring application  of  BCT  for  conventional  pollutants
and classes  of  pollutants  which  Congress  declared toxic  under Section  307(a)  of
the 1972  Act.   Likewise,  NSPS  and  pretreatment standards  were  redirected  toward
toxic pollutant  controls.   In 1982, the Agency  established  a  schedule  for  guide-
line proposals and  promulgation  with  the  Court and is  meeting  the  schedule  with a
few exceptions, so that all  guidelines will be promulgated by 1985.


EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $9,484,400 supported  by 78.9 total workyears for
this program, of which  $4,077,300 will be for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $5,407,100  will  be for  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation.
This is a  decrease  of  16.0  workyears and  $540,300 for Salaries and Expenses and
$6,530,000 for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.   The decrease
reflects the  Agency's  progress  in  developing effluent  standards and  guidelines.

     The program will  provide  engineering, economic,  and  statistical  support  to
post-promulgation negotiation, litigation,  remand/repair,  and  petition  review ef-
forts.  These efforts  are intended  to  defend  the integrity  of the guidelines.  The
Agency reviews petitions filed  by  outside  groups  with  the courts  and attempts  to
resolve issues  out  of  court.   Some  are   successfully  resolved;  others  are  liti-
gated, which may require the Agency to respond to court remands.  The program will
also provide engineering, economic, and  statistical support  to Regional  and  State
permit writers  and  to  industry  (e.g.,  small  businesses)  through  planned  permit
workshops and small business  oriented  workshops.  It  is also  expected that support
will be provided in the review of  "fundamentally different  factors"  (PDF) variance
requests.

     The program will promulgate effluent  standards and  guidelines  for the remain-
ing four industries under the  NRDC  Settlement Agreement pursuant to  revised  court
schedules.  Regulations or  guidance will  also  be  developed  in  several  "reserved
subcategories" of previously regulated industries.  These  "reserved  subcategories"
were not  initially  regulated because  difficult  engineering decisions  required  of
the Agency would have  seriously delayed meeting  the Settlement Agreement's revised
court schedules.  Nonetheless, these issues must be resolved either  through regula-
tion, guidance,   or  permitting assistance  as  several   of  these subcategories  can
have a significant  impact on final  plant  effluent discharges.

     Industries not covered  by the  Settlement  Agreement  will  be investigated  to
determine the need  for  industry-wide  guidance  or regulation.   Industries  to  be
investigated will include  stripper gas  wells,  food  industries, phosphates  manu-
facturing, ferroalloy manufacturing,  synthetic  fuels,  coal slurry  pipelines,  haz-
ardous waste treatment  facilities, solvent  reclaimers,  transportation sources,  and
hospitals.  These  industries  have  the  potential   for   unregulated  discharges  of
toxic chemicals  to  waterways  or  POTWs.  Guidance  documents will be produced for four
industries excluded from  national  regulation under  paragraph 8 of the  modified
Settlement Agreement.  In addition, effluent standards and  guidelines  for offshore
oil  and gas drilling platforms, required pursuant to  another  Court  Agreement,  will
be promulgated.

     A review program  will  be undertaken  to fulfill the  Agency's  commitments  to
review/revise effluent   guidelines.  Among  those factors which  bring  about  review
are changing process lines,  significantly modified  wastestreams,  issues  related  to
the applicability of wastewater  treatment  technologies,  and  the current  economic
status of  the industries.  In some cases,  extensive data acquisition  may  be  neces-
sary to update "old" data bases from the mid-1970s which are no longer representative
of the industry.  In other  cases,  less extensive data acquisition efforts will  be
undertaken.
                                       WQ-51

-------
     Environmental assessments will be  prepared  for Settlement Agreement and  Non-
Settlement Agreement  industrial  facilities  to  support  regulatory  and   guidance
development activities.  Computer files will  be  expanded  and  refined  to  assist the
Agency in projecting  where  use impairments  may  occur post-BAT.  Risk assessments
will be conducted for several  pollutants.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $16,554,700  supported by  94.9
total workyears for this  program, including $4,617,600 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,937,100 for the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropria-
tion.  The 1984 allocation includes $6,926,900,  supported by  12.0 total workyears,
appropriated as a result of the President's amended  budget  request, which provided
for acceleration of the  program during  1984.   Extramural  funds are being used  for
engineering investigation,  sampling support, and support  for  litigation and  remand
work.

     In 1984, the program has promulgated  regulations for two  categories;  will  pro-
pose three Settlement  Agreement and  other standards and  guidelines (including  oil
and gas covered  under a separate Settlement Agreement);  and anticipates promulgating
five more  guidelines.    Intensive  standards  and  guidelines  development  work  is
underway in  the  offshore oil  and  gas  production,  nonferrous  metals (phase  II),
nonferrous metals forming,  plastics  molding and  forming, pesticides, and organic
chemicals and plastics and synthetic fibers industrial  categories.

     The program expects to  review 21  petitions  concerning regulations  that  were
promulgated in  1983 and  1984.  Post-promulgation activities are underway in three
industries and negotiated agreements  are  being  attempted.   Remand/repair work  is
expected in  other  industrial  categories.   Permit workshops  are being conducted  in
the Regions  on  rules  promulgated  in mid-  to  late-calendar  year 1983 and in 1984.
Detailed PDF  variances and  PDF-type  analyses are expected  for  several   facility
groupings, notably steam electric  generating  facilities  and pulp and paper  mills.
The program  is  assisting  Regional  permit  authorities  in  reviewing applications
submitted pursuant to  Section  301(m)   of  the  Act,  which  provides  two  pulp   and
paper mills in California with  the  opportunity to  obtain waivers from BPT/BCT  and
Section 403 effluent limitations.

     Environmental  assessments are completed for Phase  I  and some Phase  II  indus-
tries, and, in particular,  for paragraph 8 decisions, which  exclude  some  industrial
categories and  subcategories  from  national  regulation.   Information will be added
to the Reach File for use in  national and  Regional  assessments,  such as determining
areas which may need  post-BAT  controls.  Detailed risk assessments will be  conducted
for paragraph 4(c) toxic pollutants.


1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a total  of $15,796,400  supported  by  95.8 total
workyears for this program,  of  which $5,189,000  was for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $10,607,400 was for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appro-
priation.

     The program  published   proposed  regulations  establishing  national   effluent
limitations and standards for  the 13 following  industries: Aluminum Forming; Battery
Manufacturing; Coil Coating (Phase II)   (Canmaking);  Copper  Forming;  Electrical  and
Electronic Components  (Phase  II);  Foundries  (Metal Molding  and  Casting);  Inorganic
                                       WQ-52

-------
Chemicals (Phase II); Nonferrous  Metals  (Phase I);  Organic Chemicals  and  Plastics
and Synthetic Fibers;  Pesticides Manufacturing; Pesticides Manufacturing (Analytical
Methods); Pharmaceuticals  Manufacturing;  and  Pulp,  Paper,  and  Paperboard  (PCB
limitations).  The Agency also proposed  revisions  to the BCT costing  methodology.

     The program also promulgated regulations  establishing  national  effluent limi-
tations and  standards for  the following eleven industries: Aluminum Forming;  Coil
Coating (Phase I); Copper Forming;  Electrical  and Electronic  Components  (Phase I);
Leather Tanning and  Finishing;  Metal  Finishing;  Ore Mining; Pharmaceutical  Manu-
facturing; Porcelain  Enameling;  Pulp,  Paper,  and  Paperboard;  and  Steam-Electric
Generating Plants.

     In a series  of  14  workshops  for EPA Regional  and  State permit  writers,  the
Agency provided assistance in analyzing  and  interpreting  information on  the treat-
ability of toxic  compounds,   conventional  pollutant cost  tests,  control of  toxic
pollutants not covered by national regulation,  controls  for facilities  that  include
manufacturing processes  not covered  by national effluent  limitations  and  standards,
and the bases and uses of the categorical standards.

     Eleven of the BAT/PSES/NSPS/PSNS  regulations  issued  under the Consent  Decree
have been involved in  litigation.  Petitions  against two categories were voluntarily
withdrawn and negotiated settlements  have  been reached  for three  categories.   The
Steam Electric case was  voluntarily  dismissed  based upon the Agency's agreeing  to
provide guidance to  all  EPA  Regions  and the  Timber  petition was dismissed  after
EPA amended the NSPS  applicability.   Negotiations  involving industry  and NRDC  are
currently underway for  Petroleum Refining  and negotiations  between  industry  and
the Agency are continuing for Leather  Tanning.  More  recently, petitions have  been
filed to review  regulations for two categories  (Copper Forming  and  Metal Finishing).
By and  large  the  petitions  for  review have raised technical  issues posed  by  the
regulations.

     The BPT  Electroplating  pretreatment standards originally  issued  under  Para-
graph 13  of  the  Consent Decree   were  also   challenged  in the Third  Circuit.   On
September 20, 1983, the  Court upheld  these  standards in  their entirety.  The  Ford
Motor Company and General Motors are still pursuing a challenge to EPA's denial  of
a petition to amend the  compliance deadline  for integrated facilities.
                                      WQ-53

-------

































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-------
                                   WATER QUALITY

                             Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $56,700,000 for  grants under the  Abatement,
Control and Compliance  appropriation, a decrease of $2,700,000 from 1984.

Program Description

     Clean Lakes Program — Section  314  of the  Clean Water  Act  sets  forth  the
principal administrative  and   technical   requirements   for   developing  a  national
program to enhance the quality  of  freshwater lakes.  The  Clean Lakes  regulation in
February 1980 established  an  operational  program of financial  and technical  assis-
tance to  the States  to  assist them  in  implementing methods  and procedures  to
protect and  restore  the  quality   of  their publicly  owned  fresh  water  lakes.

     Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) —  Section  106  grants
supplement State  resources  for water pollution  control  programs.  They are  nego-
tiated annually with  50  States, 7  Territories, and  6  Interstate  compact  agencies.
Funds are directed  to cover  a  wide  range  of water  quality  programs,  including
permit issuance,  enforcement,   monitoring,  construction  grants  management,  water
quality planning  and  standards,  wasteload  allocations,  nonpoint  source  control
program management, pretreatment,  oil  and hazardous materials  spill  response,  and
other priority programs.

     States also  receive financial  assistance  for water quality  program activities
under Sections  205(g)  and  205(j)  of  the  Clean  Water Act  as  reserves from  their
annual Construction Grants  allotment  under the Construction Grants appropriation.
Primary funding is provided under Section 205(g)  for construction grants  management
in delegated States and  under  Section  205(j) for water quality  planning and  stan-
dards activities.

     Training Grants (Section  104)  —  Training assistance is provided to  institu-
tions of higher  education  and  other  public or  private  agencies and  institutions
to meet professional  manpower needs.


CLEAN LAKES  PROGRAM

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency requests  $2,500,000 for grants under the  Abatement, Con-
trol  and  Compliance   appropriation  for  the  Clean  Lakes  Program,  a  decrease   of
$2,500,000 from 1984.  The  decrease reflects the completion of Federal funding  of
several  lake restoration projects.   In  1985, the Agency  will  continue to  provide
technical  and financial  assistance to  the  States  for lake restoration projects.
Consistent with Congressional  intent, the  funds  provided  will  be used to  complete
existing projects which  need  additional  Federal  assistance to  restore  the  water
quality of freshwater lakes.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is allocating  $5,000,000  in the  Abatement,   Control and Compliance
appropriation for grants to  complete  existing implementation projects.  The  funds
provided will be used according to the intent of Congress so as  to  complete exist-
ing lake  restoration  projects.   The  Agency  expects  to  award  approximately   25
grants for improving conditions in  publicly owned freshwater lakes.
                                      WQ-55

-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, $3,000,000 was  obligated  from the Abatement, Control and  Compliance
appropriation under the Clean Lakes Program to help complete 16 existing  implemen-
tation projects.  The  funds provided were  awarded  according to the  Congressional
criteria that only  existing Clean  Lakes  projects  would be  eligible  for  funding.


CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION  (SECTION 106)

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the  Agency  requests  a  total  of $54,200,000 for  Section  106  grants
under the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation.  This  represents  the
same level as in 1984.

     State program priority  activities  funded  under Section  106  will continue  to
emphasize primarily National Pollutant Discharge Elimination  System  (NPOES)  permit-
ting, enforcement, and  associated  source and  ambient  monitoring.  Delegated  con-
struction grants management related activities  will  be  funded under  Section  205(g).
Water quality management planning including  water quality  standards  reviews,  waste-
load analyses, and program management for nonpoint  source control  and ground  water
will be funded primarily under Section 205(j).

     Assistance to the  States in 1985 will  emphasize issuance  of industrial  permits
for Best  Available Technology  (BAT)  and municipal  permits.   Grants will  continue
to stress  issuing  or reissuing major NPDES permits,  reducing backlogs,  improving
municipal compliance, and  monitoring and standard setting to  support permit  activi-
ties.  Over  900 major  discharger permits will  be issued or reissued  by the  States
and 4,200 compliance_inspections wilj be  conducted.   States  will  prepare over  200
intensive surveys  to~support permits'and standards  decisions.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating  $54,200,000 for Section  106  grants  under
the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     State activities  primarily  funded  under  Section  106 will  include  National
Pollutant Discharge  Elimination  System  permitting, ambient  and source  monitoring
of toxics and conventional  pollutants, enforcement,  and State programs administrat-
ion. Delegated  construction grants  management  related activities  will  be  funded
under Section  205(g).   Water quality  standards reviews,  planning and  associated
monitoring, and development programs  for nonpoint  source control  and ground-water
management will be funded  primarily under  Section 205(j).

     States will  focus  on   reducing their  NPDES permit backlogs,  especially  issu-
ance and  reissuance  of BAT permits,  by targeting  106  grant  dollars  to  this  area.
Enforcement efforts also will be strengthened,  with continued emphasis on municipal
facilities compliance.   States will  continue to  use Section  106 funds for monitor-
ing essential to  permits  issuance  and enforcement.   States with critical  nonpoint
source problems will use Section 106 funds  to initiate  control programs.

     During  1984,  three more  State NPDES programs  will  be approved, bringing  the
total to 38;  the other  States will continue to assist EPA in many aspects  of permits
issuance.  In addition, several  States  will be developing NPDES  program modifica-
tions to  assume  pretreatment, Federal  facility, and  general permitting  responsi-
bilities.  Approximately 600 major  discharger BAT permits, including toxics controls
                                      WQ-56

-------
will  be  issued or  reissued  by  the States.   Nearly 4,300  compliance  inspections
will  be conducted, and the States will  take increasing responsibility in compliance
activities.  States  will  develop  analytical   capabilities  to  support  increased
emphasis on  water  quality  based   permitting,  toxics  control,  and  requests  for
variances, as  well  as  strengthen their abilities to perform  conventional  pollutant
wasteload analyses for  major permits.   An  estimated  19  States  will  use  Section 106
grant funds to manage nonpoint source control activities.


1984  Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is  no change from the amendment.


1983  Accomplishments

      In 1983, $54,144,900 was obligated for Section 106 grants under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance  appropriation.   State  activities  funded under  Section 106
included National Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination  System (NPDES) permitting,  ambi-
ent and  source monitoring  of toxics and conventional  pollutants, enforcement, oil
and hazardous  materials  spill response,  nondelegated construction  grants  program
activities, water  quality   standards  reviews,   nonpoint  source  control   programs
management, water quality  planning, training,  and  State programs  administration.

     The States  increased  emphasis  on NPDES  permitting,  especially major  permit
reissuance and  BAT   permits.  Thirty five  States  had approved NPDES programs,  an
increase of three  in 1983.   States issued and  reissued more than  6,500  permits,
including 300  major  permits.  Enforcement  efforts  were also  increased.   National
reorientation of EPA water  programs which  emphasized a water  quality based  approach
was reflected  in  1983  State  workplans  for water  quality  standards reviews  which
incorporated use attainability and  site specific criteria considerations.   Overall
monitoring costs were reduced  by more  effective focusing of  resources  on  priority
program needs.    Section  106  support  to nondelegated  construction   grants  program
activities was  decreased   significantly  because  of  increased  construction  grant
delegation. __	     	       	

     Approximately 300 major discharger permits were  issued  or  reissued  by  the
States, including permits  for BAT  and  toxics;  over  4,000  compliance  inspections
were conducted.  State  NPDES programs were modified to include pretreatment  pro-
grams, and Federal  facilities permitting,  bringing to 15 the  total  number of States
with full  assumption.  Thirty  three States were  operating  biological  monitoring
programs during 1983; essentially  all  States  had developed capabilities to  perform
conventional  pollutant  wasteload  analyses  for major  permits.  Fifteen   States  used
Section 106 grants to manage nonpoint source control  activities.


TRAINING GRANTS (SECTION 104)

1985 Program Request

     No funds   are  requested  for these  grants in  1985.  The  Agency believes  that
sufficient interest   and  opportunities  exist  for  people  to  enter environmental
professions without  Federal support.

1984 Program

     A Congressional  add-on  of $200,000 in Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  is
being used to  support environmental  fellowships at  27 universities.
                                      WQ-57

-------
1984 Explanation of Changes  from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments                                                                               ™

     In 1983, the Agency obligated $195,000  under  the  Abatement,  Control and Com-
pliance appropriation for training  grants.   These  funds  were used  to  support 63
environmental fellowships at 27 universities.
                                                                                                   4
                                       WQ-58

-------




































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-------
                                   WATER QUALITY


                      Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  $18,959,900  supported by 270.6 total workyears  for 1985,
an increase  of $3,406,900 and  14.1  total  workyears  from  1984.   This  request  in-
cludes $11,575,500 for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and  $7,384,400  for
extramural purposes  under the  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  appropriation.

Program Description

     Dredge and Fill —   In  1985,  the  focus of the  Section  404  Program will  be on
identifying the most significant problems in wetlands and other aquatic systems  and
on improving the scientific and administrative methods for dealing with those prob-
lems.  Headquarters  will  develop  guidance  and  revise  regulations  and  procedures
to ensure sound, effective, and consistent methods to identify and address the most
significant environmental problems.  The Regions will review and comment  on permit
applications; elevate permits, when necessary, to higher levels  of management;  and
establish jurisdictional  boundaries to  ensure  a  strong, efficient,  and  consistent
program.  Regions will  also  strengthen  efforts to transfer the Section 404 Program
to interested and qualified States.

     Ocean Disposal Permits— The ocean  disposal  program includes  the  regulation
of ocean disposal  by  outfalls and dumping and incineration  at sea,  designation of
disposal sites, development of ocean  disposal policies,  and participation  in inter-
agency programs that deal  with  the development and  protection of  ocean  resources.
The Agency's ocean disposal  programs  are  authorized by the  Marine Protection,  Re-
search and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) of 1972 and the Clean Water Act,  as amended,  and
are consistent with the mandatory provisions of the current Convention on Prevention
of Marine  Pollution  by Dumping  of Wastes  and Other Matter,  known  as the  London
Dumping Convention.

     To carry out  ocean  disposal  permitting  functions, the  Administrator  of EPA is
authorized to  regulate  the  disposition  of  all  materials except dredged  material,
which is regulated by  the Corps of Engineers.  MPRSA prohibits  the  transportation
and dumping in ocean water of chemical,  biological,  and  radiological  warfare agents
and high level  radioactive materials.   EPA has statutory  responsibility  for desig-
nating all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged material.

     Environmental  Emergency Response and  Prevention —  The  objective  of  this  pro-
gram is to protect public welfare, property owners,  and the environment  from  the
hazards associated with accidental releases  of oil  and  other petroleum products to
navigable waters of the United States, as mandated by Section 311  of the Clean Water
Act.  The  Agency  shares  responsibility for this  program with  the  United  States
Coast Guard,  which addresses  those incidents in  coastal  areas and  the Great Lakes.

     Standards and Regulations — This  program includes  development  and publication
of water quality criteria and standards regulations, and  related guidance pursuant
to Sections  303,  304(a), 307(a)  and  405 of  the Clean  Water Act.   EPA  publishes
guidance on criteria  for water quality,  based on  the latest scientific knowledge on
the kind and  extent of all identifiable  effects of conventional and  toxic pollutants
on human health and aquatic life.  Criteria documents are also provided for sediment
and sludge.  Protocols  are developed to provide  scientific  and  technical  guidance
to States on  methods  for developing criteria which reflect site-specific conditions.
EPA provides assistance to the  States  in  applying these protocols.   Assistance in
the development and review of State  water  quality standards  is  provided  to  ensure
that attainable uses and  appropriate  criteria  are established.  This  program  also
includes Clean Lakes  grants management.
                                       WQ-61

-------
DREDGE AND FILL

1985 Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $2,780,200 supported by 63.8 total  workyears  for
this program,  of  which $2,539,300 is  for  the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation
and $240,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.  This  re-
presents an  increase  of $347,200 supported  by  5.0 workyears  in  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  a decrease of  $104,000 in the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.  The increase in  Salaries and  Expenses funds five  addi-
tional workyears  and  an Agency  adjustment  for personnel  costs.   The decrease  in
Abatement, Control  and  Compliance   reflects  reduced  support  for  State  program
development grants.

     The major focus  of the Headquarters  program will be  to develop  a system  for
identifying the most   significant  problems  involving  wetlands and  other  aquatic
areas, and to  improve  scientific and  administrative methods  of addressing  them.
The Regions  will  resolve  over  500  problem  permits  and  will  initiate  action  to
address the  most   significant  environmental   problems  (for  example,  the  loss   of
bottomland hardwood wetlands).  Through increased guidance and  assistance,  as well
as continued  management  of  program  development  grants,  the  Regions will  also
strengthen efforts to  transfer the  Section  404  Program to  the States and ensure
general permits are environmentally  sound.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is allocating  a  total   of $2,537,000  supported   by 58.8
total  workyears to  this  program,  of  which  $2,192,100  is  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  $344,900  is for  the  Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.  In 1984,  Headquarters  will  develop  a national  Section 404  Program
Strategy, revise  the  Section 404 State Program  regulations, and develop stronger
and more effective  Memoranda of  Agreement  with  other  Federal  agencies.    Regions
will resolve approximately 450 problems on  over 9,000 Section 404  permits  reviewed,
ensure general  permits are  soundly  developed,  continue   to  work  with  States   on
Section 404  program  assumption,  and exercise  authorities  to prevent  unacceptable
discharges of dredged and fill  material.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$187,500 results  from the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.   (-$187,500) A  reprogramming  was made moving all non-program
specific "support1 type expense dollars into the  Regional  support  program element.
This reprogramming to  Salaries and Expenses, totaling  -$187,500,  was  included in a
reprogramming letter to Congress on  September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of $2,651,000  supported  by 58.6  total
workyears for  this  program,  of  which $2,169,900  was for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $481,100 was for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropria-
tion.   The major  emphasis  in Headquarters  was evaluating  the environmental effec-
tiveness of  alternative methods  of  achieving regulatory  reform of the Section  404
Program.  Regional efforts  focused on  resolving  450 problems on 10,000 dredge  and
fill permits reviewed, ensuring environmentally sound general permits, and managing
grants for State program development.
                                       WQ-62

-------
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS

1985 Program Request

     In 1985 the  Agency  requests $4,167,300 supported by 39.5  total  workyears for
this program, of which $1,729,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,438,200 is for the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.  This is an
increase of $101,600  for  Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $235,000  for Abatement,  Control
and Compliance.   The  increase is  for  conducting field surveys and developing addi-
tional environmental assessments of dredged  material disposal sites for designation.

     In 1985, the program will  promulgate the  revisions  to the  ocean  dumping regu-
lation and criteria which will  provide for balancing the environmental  effects of
ocean disposal methods while meeting   specific  environmental  criteria  contained in
the statute.  Regulations will  be  promulgated  for the  control and  monitoring of
incineration-at-sea activities.

     The Agency will review, process,  and issue special  permits for ocean disposal.
This activity will  include  evaluating  and  characterizing waste  samples  on  a case-
by-case basis.   EPA will  review  dredged  material  disposal  permits   and  evaluate
requests by the Corps of Engineers for waivers.

     In the  area of  site  designation  and  monitoring,  the  program   will  conduct
approximately nine  surveys  of interim and  existing  ocean  disposal sites for  site
designation purposes  to  determine the environmental  impacts  of dumping.   All  re-
maining environmental  impact statements covered by the National  Wildlife Federation
(NWF) Consent Decree will be completed.  Approximately 10 environmental assessments
will be  issued  for  dredged  material  disposal   sites.   Ocean  disposal  sites  for
dredged material  will  be designated.   Additional site management  will  be  provided
to review  and evaluate  the  Corps of Engineers'  monitoring  reports  on  dredged
material disposal sites.    A final decision will be made on  the continuation of the
12-mile site for  sewage sludge disposal.

     Work will continue  on  examining  scientific parameters for the site selection
and designation  process   and assessment  of  permittee   wastes.   The  Agency  will
examine and field test predictive  indices  developed cooperation with  the  National
Oceanic and  Atmospheric  Administration  which   measure  environmental  impacts  to
determine the more  relevant  and applicable indices  in regard to ocean  dumping.
These indices will be  refined for use in site designation and  monitoring activities.

     The Agency  will  continue  to  survey and  monitor existing  ocean  incineration
sites, and will   process   additional applications for incineration-at-sea  research
permits.  Regulations for incineration at sea will  be published in final form.  An
environmental  impact statement will be issued  for a Pacific  incineration  site for
site designation  purposes.

     Finally, the program will   issue  guidance  documents to  provide   a  scientific
basis for  assessing  unreasonable  degradation.   The  program  will also issue  an
Annual Report to  Congress pursuant to Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
Act.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency  is  allocating  $3,830,700 supported by 39.5 total  workyears,
of which $1,627,500 is for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation and  $2,203,200
is for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.   The majority  of the
extramural  resources are  for site  surveys, development  of environmental  assess-
ments,  and site  designation.

     EPA is proposing revisions  to  the ocean dumping regulations  to  implement the
1981 Court decision  which  ruled that  the  Agency  must consider  the  comparative
risks of land- versus  ocean-based  disposal  before precluding the  use  of the ocean
as a disposal  medium.
                                       WQ-63

-------
     EPA is reviewing, processing, and issuing special permits  for  ocean  disposal.
This includes  evaluating  and characterizing waste  samples  provided by facilities
applying for permits.  The waste characteristics  are being examined  for  suitability
for ocean  disposal  at  existing  sites  on  a case-by-case  basis.  The  Agency  is
reviewing dredged material  disposal  permits  and  evaluating  requests  by the  Corps
of Engineers for waivers.

     In the first quarter  of 1984,  the Agency has conducted eight  monitoring  sur-
veys of existing and  interim designated ocean disposal sites.   EPA  expects to  con-
duct up to 17 monitoring surveys throughout the  remainder of 1984.  Samples will  be
collected and analyzed to determine and monitor the environmental impacts of  waste
disposal at the designated ocean  sites.  Environmental Impact Statements  are  being
issued on ocean disposal  sites as  required under the NWF Consent  Decree.  Additional
site designation work  will  begin on  interim designated  dredged  material disposal
sites not covered under the Consent  Decree.

     The Agency is preparing a  technical  evaluation on the application and  inter-
pretation of bioaccumulation predictive assessment  techniques  and update the  bio-
assay procedures reflecting new  scientific  and site-specific information.

     The Agency expects  to propose  regulations  for incineration at  sea  and  will
review and respond to public comments on the proposal.   A final  determination  will
be made on research permit applications for incineration  of liquid  chemical  wastes
at sea.  EPA will begin  the  preparation of an  environmental impact statement  of  a
Pacific incineration   site  for   site  designation.   Field   surveys  will  continue  to
be conducted on existing and potential incineration sites  to  monitor areas  to  verify
predictive models and  assess the potential  of  long-term impacts  of incineration
at sea.

     The Agency will  issue  program  guidance to  provide  a scientific  basis  for
assessing unreasonable degradation.   The  Agency  will also issue  guidance  to  assist
Regions in designation and management of interim ocean disposal  sites.  The  Agency
will issue the Annual  Report to  Congress  pursuant  to MPRSA.


1984 Explanation of  Changes from the  Amendment

     The net decrease of -$27,500 results  from the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.   (-$27,500)  A reprogramming  was  made  moving  all  non-program
specific "support1  type expense dollars into the Regional support program element.
This reprogramming to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling -$27,500, was included  in  a
reprogramming letter to Congress on  September 29,  1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, this program obligated $3,717,400 supported by 34.0 total workyears.
Of this  amount, $1,374,200  was  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$2,343,200 for the Abatement, Control and  Compliance  appropriation.  This included
support for  surveys  and  ocean  disposal  sites,  the  development of  court-ordered
environmental assessments, and site  designation.

     The Agency reviewed, processed, and issued 11  special  permit applications  for
ocean disposal  and reviewed 80 Corps  of Engineers  dredged material disposal permits
for environmental considerations pursuant to MPRSA.   During  1983, the  Agency  worked
with the  National  Oceanic  and  Atmospheric Administration  (NOAA) and the Regions
to collect and  analyze data  related to ocean dumping,  for use  in designating suit-
able sites, and for  monitoring  existing sites.  EPA  initiated revisions of the ocean
dumping regulation in response to the 1981 Court  decision.
                                       WQ-64

-------
     EPA  produced 4 draft and  7  final  environmental  impact  statements for dredged
material disposal sites  as  required by the Consent Decree.   The Agency designated
two ocean  disposal  sites:  the  Tampa dredged  material  disposal site  and  the New
York Cellar Dirt Site.

     The Agency  initiated work  on developing  incineration-at-sea regulations.  The
EPA made a tentative determination  to  issue permits  for  the  incineration of liquid
chemical wastes  at  sea  and  held a public hearing.  A field  study was conducted on
the proposed incineration site in the North Atlantic and a public hearing was held.
EPA conducted monitoring  studies  and evaluated results  of a second  trial  burn of
PCBs in the Gulf of Mexico.


ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $4,867,000 supported by 68.1  total  workyears
for this  program,   of  which  $3,027,000  will   be  for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,840,000  will  be for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This reflects  an increase of  $187,500 and a decrease of $100,000
respectively.  The  increase  in the  Salaries   and  Expenses appropriation is  based
on additional support  costs during  1985.  The decrease  in the  Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation  reflects the  completion  of  training activities funded
in 1984.  This training represented  a  one  year effort and will  not be required in
1985.

     The Agency  has a  24-hour-a-day  capability   to  respond to notifications  of
accidental spills or  threat  of releases.   Federal   removal  is  directed at  major
incidents where the  responsible party is  unidentifiable,  refuses  to  clean up,  or
is incapable  of  providing timely  and adequate removal  and  where  the  States  and
local authorities lack the necessary expertise, equipment, or funding.

     Spill notifications will be  processed to  determine  what, if any, response is
required.  The Federal  government  will  direct  response  operations  at  120  major
spills and will  monitor  on-scene  at 400 removals  conducted  by  responsible  parties
or State and local  authorities to ensure adequate  response.

     Federal  regulations require the implementation of a  Spill Prevention, Control,
and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan  at  oil  storage  facilities  and transfer points  that
could reasonably be expected to spill  a significant amount of oil  into the waters
of the United States.   Regional  staff,  with assistance  from  contractor personnel,
conduct compliance inspections at selected non-transportation-related  (NTR)  facili-
ties included in the SPCC program,  in an effort to  reduce  the frequency and volume
of releases that  occur.   An estimated  2,000  SPCC  inspections will  be conducted at
NTR facilities.

     The Agency   also  maintains  an  Environmental   Response Team (ERT) to  provide
Regional  and  State  personnel  with  response   training  and  on-site  technical  and
operational  assistance  at complex  emergency   incidents.   The ERT  is  staffed  by
personnel with a  high  degree of  expertise  in the areas of spill control and removal,
spill  sampling and analysis  techniques,  and damage assessments.

     Regional  response  capability  is  augmented through  the Technical  Assistance
Team (TAT)  contract.  This contract  provides contractor workyears  to assist Regional
staff and the ERT in responding to Clean Water  Act Section  311  spills and environ-
mental  emergencies.
                                      WQ-65

-------
1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $4,779,500  supported by  68.1
total workyears  to this  program,   of  which  $2,839,500  is  for  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,940,000  is  for extramural  purposes under  the  Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     Headquarters will ensure  overall  management  of the  program and the Regions
will be  responsible  for  managing response actions.  The  oil  component  of the ERT
will provide  special  engineering and  technical  advice at  any  unusually large  or
complex spills.  Regional personnel  will  be available on a 24-hour basis  to  respond
to the estimated  7,000 notifications  received  by  the  National  Response  Center  of
accidental releases of oil  and  other petroleum products.  The Agency  will  respond
on-scene at  400 removals  undertaken  by  responsible parties  or State  and  local
authorities and  will  direct  removals  at  120 major oil  incidents.   An estimated
2,000 SPCC inspections will be conducted  at NTR facilities.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the -Amendment

     The net decrease of -$57,200 results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogramtnings.  (-$57,200) A  reprogramming  was  made to this  activity  which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This  change
resulted in a  net  increase  of  +$80,000 to the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming was made  moving all non-program  specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  support program  element.   This reprogramming
to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling -$137,200,  was  included in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29,  1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $3,933,00 supported by  58.0  total
workyears for this program,  of  which $2,340,000 was for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $1,593,000 was   for  extramural  purposes   under  the  Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation.   The Agency  directed  removals at  120  major
oil spills, responded on-scene at 400 non-Federally funded incidents, and conducted
over 1,700  SPCC inspections  at  NTR  facilities.   In   addition,  Regional offices
received and screened over 7,000 notifications of  oil spill  releases.


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the  Agency   requests  a total of  $7,145,400 supported by  99.2  total
workyears.  This  amount  will  include  $4,280,100   for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $2,865,300 for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropria-
tion, an increase  of  $739,600 and $2,000,000,  respectively.   The increase reflects
the Agency's emphasis on the development  of sediment criteria, estuarine criteria,
aquatic toxicity criteria,  and sludge criteria.

     Water quality  standards  are the  basis  for  establishing pollution abatement
efforts needed  to  maintain  and  enhance  the  ambient   condition of the Nation's
waters.  In  1985,  the  Agency  will   work with  the  States  to  implement  the recently
promulgated standards regulation.  A special  emphasis will be made to work with the
States in adopting toxic  criteria  and  to upgrade  water body uses  to  fishable and
swimmable standards.  The  Agency will  implement  the final  rule on water quality
standards and  will  field-test  guidance to  reflect the development  of new  or re-
fined procedures for setting water quality standards.
                                       WQ-66

-------
     These procedures  cover the  analyses  of  environmental  factors affecting  the
designated use  of  water bodies.  The  Agency  will adapt, test, and  validate  addi-
tional protocols to  develop   site-specific  criteria  for  water  bodies,  and  will
assist the  States  in  the  use  of these protocols.   EPA will  also  review  State-
initiated revisions  to  current water  quality  standards and  assist  the States  in
resolving inconsistent  or  incompatible water  quality  standards on  interstate  and
international waters.

     The Agency will  accelerate the development  of  marine and estuarine  criteria
using, to the extent possible, data  available  from  freshwater studies.   The Agency
will also move to implement the recommendations of the  Sludge  Task Force  by devel-
oping sludge  criteria   for  several  pollutants.   EPA  will  develop  and  field  test
technical guidance to derive site-specific  criteria  and standards  for estuaries  and
marine waters.  Assistance  will  be provided  to  the  States  to  modify  and  adapt
freshwater protocols for use on marine waters.

     Based on the  options  for sediment  criteria  development   completed in  1984,  a
scientific methodology  will  be developed,  peer  reviewed,   and tested.   Criteria
documents will be  issued for  toxic  pollutants  in sediments.   The Agency will  also
continue to  examine  and  improve  the  scientific basis of the toxicity  criteria
issued under  Section 304(a) of the  Clean Water Act, and develop  specific  criteria
to be  used   as  a   basis for  modifying the  Section  307(a) toxic pollutant  list.

     Field tests will be conducted  on  different types  of wetlands using the  envi-
ronmental criteria  and  improved  toxicological  testing  procedures.   A  procedures
manual specific to  a particular ecosystem will  be  developed  to assist the  States
and permit applicants.  Guidance  will  be developed  to  assist  Regional Offices  and
States in  resolving  controversial   jurisdictional   Section   404   issues   such   as
bottomland hardwood wetlands and tundra.

     The Agency will  continue to provide  overall  management  of  the  Clean  Lakes
projects and  assist  States  and local  agencies  in overseeing  lake  restoration  pro-
ject funding.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $4,405,800 supported  by  90.1
total workyears for this program,  including $3,540,500 for the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $865,300  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
Major accomplishments planned  for 1984  include  additional  field testing  on  the  use
of guidance on setting water quality standards,  assistance to the States  in  applying
water body  surveys  and assessments,  field  validation  of  site-specific  criteria
procedures,  and development of water quality  criteria  for estuaries,  marine  waters,
and sediments.

     The Agency promulgated a  revised water quality standards  regulation  on  Novem-
ber 8, 1983,  to  reaffirm EPA's commitment to  using water  quality  standards as  a
basis of achieving the  goals   of  the  Clean Water Act.   The  revised  rule places  a
much greater  emphasis on the  inclusion of criteria  for toxic pollutants in  State
standards and maintains a   strong antidegradation  policy  for protection  of  high
quality water, existing instream uses,  and  waters  constituting outstanding  national
resources.   The final rule  also sets the "fishable and  swimmable"  goals  of  the  Act
as the basis  for  all standards decisions  and  provides a mandatory  policy  for  up-
grading all  water  bodies to that use classification where attainable.

     Program objectives  include assisting  the  Regions  in  reviewing State-adopted
standards,  with an  emphasis  on the adoption of  criteria for toxic  pollutants  and  in
resolving questions  of  inconsistent  or incompatible  water   quality  standards  on
interstate and international waters.   Workshops will  be held   to provide technical
assistance to the   States in conducting  use  attainability  analyses  and developing
                                      WQ-67

-------
site-specific criteria.  The Agency  is  continuing  to work to develop criteria  for
making recommendations on the toxicity of  various  pollutants  on  aquatic  organisms,
and continues to  improve  the  scientific basis of the criteria guidance.  EPA will
work to develop  marine criteria, particularly  for dissolved  oxygen,  ammonia,  and
other selected pollutants.  EPA  will propose appropriate revisions to the  Section
404(b)(l) dredge and  fill  guidelines to comply  with instructions from  the  Presi-
dential Task Force on Regulatory Relief.

     The Agency  continues  to   provide  management   of  the  Clean  Lakes program,
reviewing and  approving  grant  applications  for the completion  of  existing lake
restoration projects,  and  maintains  overview  of  existing Clean  Lakes  projects.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$46,000 results  from the  following  actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$46,000) A  reprogramming  was  made to this activity  which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations..  This  change
resulted in a net  increase  of  +$10,000  to  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made  moving all  non-program  specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  support program element.   This  reprogramming
to Salaries and Expenses, totaling -$56,000,  was included  in  a reprogramming  letter
to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated $2,909,200  supported  by  67.3 total  workyears.
Of this  amount  $2,570,000  was  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$339,200 was for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     A proposed water quality standards  regulation  was published  and subjected to  a
series of 11  public  meetings  involving  over 1,000 people; in addition,  over  1,400
written comments were  analyzed  and  answered.  The  proposal was  re-drafted  several
times to accommodate public comments and in  response to concerns  raised  by  several
members of Congress.  The guidance necessary  to implement  the  regulation  was  issued
in draft and  also  subjected to public  review  and  comment.  The  guidance includes
material on 11 subjects.  The  procedures for conducting use  attainability analysis
were tested  in  nine  States and  summary   reports  issued.   Site-specific criteria
development protocols  were  tested at  19   sites  in 15  States  and summary  reports
prepared.  Revised criteria were prepared  for several pollutants  including ammonia,
chlorine, and seven metals.  The program assisted in the review  of 23  State-adopted
standards and participated  in  three International  Joint  Commission meetings with
respect to criteria and standards, particularly on  ammonia.

     The Agency, in  conjunction  with the  Department of the Army,  considered  revi-
sions to the Section 404(b)(l)  Guidelines  in  response to the  recommendations  of  the
Presidential Task  Force  on  Regulatory  Relief.  The Agency   coordinated  referrals
pursuant to the Section  404(q)  Memorandum  of Agreement between  Army  and EPA.   The
Agency also worked  with the Army and the Regional  Offices  towards  resolution  of
major Clean Water Act jurisdictional issues.
                                       WQ-68

-------
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                                   WATER QUALITY


                       Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  $14,230,600  supported  by 198.4 total workyears for  1985,
an increase  of $317,500  from  1984.   This  request  includes $9,090,500  for  the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and $5,140,100  for extramural purposes  under
the Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,  including  an  increase  of
$348,600 and a decrease of $31,100, respectively.

Program Description

     Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis  — This  program  supports  Headquarters
and Regional development  of strategies,  systems, and  procedures  used  for  water
quality monitoring  and analysis,   including  biological,  chemical,  and  physical
evaluations of water quality.  -Water quality monitoring is necessary  for assessing
water quality  status  and trends,  identifying  water  quality problems  and  their
causes, and determining cost-effective controls required to meet local  water quality
objectives.  Water quality  sampling and  analysis  for these purposes  are primarily
State activities,  supported  by  EPA.  Throughout,  the program  emphasizes  the effec-
tive use  of local,  State and  Federal   resources  for  collecting,  analyzing,  and
interpreting monitoring data.


WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency  requests  a total  of $14,230,600 supported by  198.4  total
workyears for this program,  of  which  $9,090,500  is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $5,140,100 is  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.  This is an  increase  of  $348,600 in Salaries and Expenses and  a  decrease
of $31,100  in  Abatement,   Control  and Compliance.   The increase  in  Salaries  and
Expenses reflects  increased personnel  costs, a  need to  purchase  additional  labora-
tory equipment  for  the analysis  of  organic  chemicals,  such as  dioxin,  and  for
biomonitoring.   The  decrease  reflects a net reduction  due  to  completion of  the
majority of the field  sampling  for dioxin  under the National Dioxin  Study, offset
by an  increase  for  development  of biomonitoring  guidance   and  field  analytical
activities.

     In an  effort to control the discharge  of  toxic  pollutants,  the program  will
conduct an  intensive  effort  to  provide technical  guidance and  assistance  on  bio-
monitoring.  This  will  include  the  revision of  existing  and development  of  new
technical guidance on the application  of bioassay tests for  calculating in-stream
effects of design conditions.   It  will  also include extending these  methodologies
to estuarine/marine  waters.   Technical  guidance on  total   maximum  daily  loads
(TMDLs) and  wasteload  allocations  (WLAs)  will  be  prepared  to address  the  more
complex toxic pollutants,  bioaccumulation factors, and  selected  innovative  modeling
approaches.

     The program  will  provide   consultation  and  technical  analysis   assistance  to
States for monitoring programs,  for WLAs/TMDLs, and  for direct field sampling  and
laboratory analysis  assistance   for toxic  pollutant  samples.   The  program   will
continue to  review State  WLAs/TMDLs,  with  special emphasis  on areas  where  control
decisions are forthcoming.   In the  area  of biomonitoring, the program will  provide
guidance and assistance to  States  in  the  use of  biomonitoring techniques as  well
as directly  assessing  the   chronic  and acute  toxicity  of  discharges permitted
under the  National   Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination  System   (NPDES).   This   will
improve State  and EPA  capabilities to  control  toxic discharges  by  locating  and
measuring the effects of pollution on  aquatic life.
                                       WQ-70
-------
     The program will  complete the development  of  a monitoring program  strategy,
and begin working with  States  to  implement  it.   This effort,  which  begins in  1984,
is designed to improve  EPA's  ability  to  assess  water quality  at  the national  level
and to  improve State and  EPA ability  to  collect  the  data  needed  to  establish  water
pollution controls and evaluate program effects.

     The 1984 Section  305(b)   report,  based on  improved  environmental  indicators,
will be prepared and  sent to  Congress in  the first quarter of  1985.   The  program
will also  issue  guidance for  the 1986 State  reports.   Further assessment of  the
magnitude and impact of  important pollution sources  will  take place.  In  addition,
the program  will   continue  to assess the  environmental  benefits  of  regulatory
actions, as well  as coordinate and  evaluate EPA and  State programs,  and  operate
and enhance the water quality information systems.

     The program will  implement the second year of  the  National  Dioxin Study.   This
effort includes sampling  a  representative  number  of  hydrologic  units to assess
dioxin build-up in  bed  sediments and  native  fish.   It  also  includes  intensive
surveys at a sample of manufacturing and  pesticide  use  sites.   Work  will be  carried
out primarily through  EPA offices and contractor laboratories.  Statistical  support
will be provided throughout this effort.   The program will also  begin an evaluation
of exposure and risk from selected persistent and bioaccumulative pollutants  other
than dioxins.

     The program will  continue to implement quality assurance  (QA)  efforts.   This
includes overseeing State QA  implementation  as  outlined  in  requirements for  EPA
grants and participating in inter-laboratory tests and audits,  as well as reviews of
QA procedures.  The States  will  also  be  provided  with  technical  assistance  as
necessary to  ameliorate  QA problems  with  new  sampling  and  analyses  techniques.


1984 Program                             |

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $13,913,100  supported by  198.4
total workyears for this  program,  of which $8,741,900  is  for the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $5,171,200 is  for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  "   ""'  ""  ~                      ~"   ~  ~~"   "~

     The Agency is  initiating  a major effort to promote  the  use of  biomonitoring
and technical  guidance on TMDLs/WLAs  as  part of an  integrated  approach to  control
the discharge of  toxic  pollutants.   The  Agency will   be pilot testing  technical
approaches, and collecting data to  verify  the validity of the approaches for  con-
trolling actual  in-stream  consequences of  the discharge  of toxicity  in effluents.
Interim technical   guidance  will  be  developed and  issued.   Regional Offices  will
establish a  base  capability   for  performing biomonitoring,  including  conducting
bioassays and biological field surveys.

   The program is  continuing  its  development of technical  guidance documents  to
support the water  quality-based approach  (developed in  concert with EPA Regional
Offices, other Federal  agencies,  States,  and industry and environmental groups).
These documents  include   improved  screening  techniques   for  States  to follow  in
setting priorities,  biomonitoring  technical   guidance,   step-by-step user guidance
for TMDLs and WLA  models, and  quality assurance.

     The program will   complete a  joint  State/EPA project to  develop improved  re-
porting of State and national  water  quality status  and trends.   A  joint  State/EPA
report to the Congress  will  describe the  extent to  which streams,  rivers, lakes,
and estuaries supported  their  designated  uses  in  1972  and  1982.    The  techniques
developed will be incorporated  into  future biennial  Section 305(b)   reports to  the
Congress.

     The program will  initiate development  of a monitoring program strategy  through
the Agency's Monitoring Task Force of EPA and State  representatives.
                                      WQ-71
-------
     The program  is  earring  out  the  first year of  the National  Dioxin Study.
Activities include development of site  sampling plans,  and  initiation  of collection
and analysis of field samples.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$485,000 results  from the  following  actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$485,000) Several  reprogrammings were made  to  this  activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  These
changes resulted in a net increase of +$125,000 to the  Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and a  net  decrease of -$59,100 to the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving  all non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  support  program  element.   This  reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling -$550,900,  was included in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total of  $8,335,200 supported by 185.6 total
workyears for this program,  of  which $7,847,700  was for the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $487,500 was for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropria-
tion.

     In 1983, the program  completed the   initial Aquatic  Life  Survey,  the first
systematic assessment of  biological  conditions  in the  nation's waters.  This  sur-
vey, along with  the  initiation of  a joint State/EPA  project to develop  improved
reporting of water quality  status and trends, will  result in  an  improvement of the
Agency's ability  to  provide  national  assessments.   The  program  pilot tested  a
standardized reporting format in  10  States,  and received final  report submissions
from 49 States  and  7 interstate_and territorial  agencies.   The  program also issued
guidance to the States  for  preparing 1984'Section 305(b) reports to  the Congress.

     The program  also  developed the Agency's  Dioxin Strategy (issued in  December
1983).  This multi-media  strategy  is based on  a preliminary assessment of  sources
and environmental  pathways,  and includes a  seven-tiered  analytical  approach.   This
program element provides  resources for the National  Dioxin Study that covers tiers
3-7.  (The first  two tiers  are covered  under the  Superfund  program.)   Tiers  1-6
focus on  sites  where dioxin is likely to  occur  in  pesticides formulation or  use,
disposal, and air emissions  while Tier 7  is an  analysis  of background or  control
conditions.

     In addition,  the program issued technical  guidance for conducting TMDLs/WLAs,
focusing on conventional  pollutants, and on  techniques for applying  model  results
in NPDES permits.
                                       WQ-72
-------


































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                                                                   WQ-74
-------
                                 WATER QUALITY


                            Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $42,905,600  supported  by  577.8 total  work-
years for this  subactivity, of  which  $23,386,500  will be  under the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $19,519,100 will  be under the  Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation.    This  is  an  increase  of  $1,014,400  in  Salaries  and
Expenses, representing Agency  adjustments  to  align  personnel  funding with  antici-
pated needs and a net decrease  of $1,160,300  in Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance,
representing elimination  of funds for  operator training  grants partially  offset
by an increase in funding for  an  interagency  agreement with the U.S.  Army Corps  of
Engineers.

Program Description

     This subactivity provides  resources  at  Headquarters  and in  the Regions  for
management of the Construction Grants program.  For  budgetary purposes,  resources
devoted to managing the Construction  Grants Program  are divided  into the  following
components:

     Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction— This program  includes  most
of the day-to-day in-house  management  activities associated with the Construction
Grants program in Headquarters and the Regional Offices.   Beginning in 1984  it also
includes construction grant management  resources previously budgeted in the  Water
Quality and Grants Management  subactivity and  resources associated  with  managing  an
interagency agreement with the Corps  of Engineers previously budgeted as a separate
program element.  Through this  agreement,  the Corps  provides a range of  construc-
tion management and training activities.

     Corps of Engineers— This  program  covers a range of  construction management
and related  activities  assigned  to  the Corps  of Engineers  under  an  interagency
agreement to  assure  the  technical  and  fiscal   integrity  of  wastewater  treatment
project construction.   It  includes  only  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
resources supporting the  agreement.   These resources  are  combined  with  resources
in the Municipal  Waste  Treatment Facility  Construction program beginning in  1984.

     Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance— This  program  involves develop-
ment of  State  programs  to  ensure that Publicly Owned Wastewater  Treatment  Works
(POTWs) meet effluent requirements.   It  also  provides construction  grants  program
support in implementing  the Agency's  National  Municipal Policy.


MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT  FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

1985 Program Request

      In 1985, the Agency requests $41,369,200 supported  by  543.3  total workyears
this program, including $21,850,100  under  the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation
and $19,519,100 under the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.  The
$926,100 increase in Salaries  and Expenses represents Agency adjustments to  align
personnel costs with anticipated  needs.  The  net decrease of $1,160,300 in  Abate-
ment, Control   and Compliance   represents  elimination  of  the  1984  Congressional
add-on for operator training grants  and  an increase  in new obligational authority
for the  interagency  agreement  with  the Corps  of Engineers.   The  Agency  is not
requesting 1985 funds for operator  training, as States  are conducting effective
on-site training  programs  using  1982-1984   Congressional  add-on  funds  and are
responsible for developing  self-sufficient State  programs for  ensuring  improved
                                       WQ-75
-------
operations and maintenance and  continuing compliance.  Corps expenditures in  1984
will total  $21,476,400  including  $16,000,000  in  1984  funds  and $5,476,400  from
prior year funds;  all available  Corps funds will  be  depleted by the end of  1984,
resulting in  no  carryover into 1985  so  that  the requested $17,300,000  represents
total Corps expenditures for the year. This decrease of  $4,176,400 in  Corps funding
from 1984 reflects  a  reduced  need  for the  Corps  as  the number of active projects
decreases and the  States  assume more  responsibility  for managing their  programs.

     With a proposed 1985 construction grants appropriation of  $2,400,000,000,  EPA
expects to  award  650 grants  resulting  in 4,711  active projects at year's  end.
Approximately 1,060 projects  are expected to complete  construction during  the year.

     We expect 51  States  (including  Puerto Rico) to have signed  delegation agree-
ments by the end of 1985.   Of  this  total, 38 States  will  be  fully  delegated (inclu-
ding assistance  provided by the  Corps of  Engineers), an  increase of  6 over  1984.
The Agency expects  this level  of  delegation to continue essentially  unchanged  for
the near  future.   In  1985,  States will  provide  2,086 workyears  or  68 percent  of
the total program  management  staffing, the Corps of Engineers  13 percent, and  EPA
19 percent.

     With the resources  in this program  element, EPA  will act primarily as overall
program manager  with  the  States and  the Corps  performing  most of the day-to-day
project management activities.  EPA will  continue to exercise remaining nondelegated
project management-related responsibilities in  the States and  territories.

     EPA will work closely with  the  States  to ensure  orderly implementation  of
statutory changes  coming into effect  in  1985.   The 1984 Needs  Survey  will present
for the first time water  quality  and use  improvements  for  each of 314 sub-basins
in meeting treatment  needs.   EPA  will   continue to  work with  States in refining
funding priority systems  and  lists and  in documenting  water quality  improvements
resulting from the  construction  grants  program.   EPA will also continue  assisting
States in assuring  grantee financial  and management  capability, preventing problem
projects, and identifying means to reduce  costs  of construction, operations,  and
maintenance.

     EPA will expand~effo~rts  to ~provide~~State  and grantee assistance  in  selecting
appropriate conventional,  secondary,  advanced,  alternative, or innovative techno-
logies; publish and actively disseminate  materials on latest  technological  findings,
including sludge management;  and  expand design  feedback  efforts to help  ensure
that engineers,   States,  and  municipalities  select  the  most  appropriate,   cost-
effective technologies.   Program staff,  in  conjunction  with  other Agency  programs,
will draft sludge  management  regulations including the  minimum requirements  for  a
State sludge management  program and provide technical guidance  for State  and  local
officials on municipal sludge  management.  With  Congressional  consent,  Headquarters
will delegate to qualified Regions  and  States  the review of  all  proposed Advanced
Treatment (AT) projects,  while maintaining necessary  national oversight.  EPA  will
also assist  States and  grantees  with implementing the  secondary  treatment regula-
tion which was revised in  1984.

     The Corps  of   Engineers  will  continue to  help  EPA  and  the  States  ensure
project construction integrity;  prevent project  waste, fraud,  or mismanagement;  and
train program personnel.  The  $17,300,000 funding level  will  purchase  408  workyears
of effort and provide 13  percent  of the  total  construction grants program staff.
The Corps will  continue  its  traditional   pre-construction and construction manage-
ment activities  including conducting  996 biddability and constructability reviews
prior to  construction award,  performing  monthly  interim inspections  on 1,248  proj-
ects, conducting  final  inspections  on  approximately  695  projects.,  managing  65
percent of active  projects under construction,  and  maintaining  on-site presence at
large complex projects.    Additionally, the Corps will  assist  EPA in  implementing
recent initiatives  to ensure  construction integrity.   The Corps will  help conduct
Program Management  Conferences  with  all  new grantees to provide  detailed guidance
on grant  and construction  management techniques,  and   will  conduct  Construction
Management Evaluations  jointly  with  EPA  and  the  States  to  assess   construction
quality and identify potential problems on selected projects.
                                       WQ-76
-------
     The Administration  is expected to propose  to  Congress in  1985  its  recommen-
dations on  the future  of the  construction  grants program,  including  appropriate
Federal and  non-Federal  roles.  In  accordance with the Agency's  oversight  policy
staff will  continue working  with  the  States  in  refining  oversight systems  and
approaches which  recognize  Federal and  State  roles  and  responsibilities  while
maintaining Federal  accountability  for  national  goals.   EPA  and   State  program
managers will  determine  annual  program  priorities,   negotiate  commitments,  and
monitor annual accomplishments.  Agency personnel will provide feedback  and assist-
ance based upon  annual  evaluations.  These  efforts will provide essential  links to
ensure that Federal and State objectives,  program priorities, and funds  are meeting
national program objectives through the most cost-effective approaches.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is allocating $41,603,400 supported  by  543.3  total  work-
years for  this  program,   including  $20,924,000 under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $20,679,400  under the  Abatement, Control and  Compliance  appro-
priation.

     With a  1984 construction  grants  appropriation  of $2,430,000,000 EPA  expects
to award 726  construction  grants resulting  in 6,328 active projects  at  year's end.
Approximately 885 projects are  expected to  complete  construction  during the  year.

     We expect  32   of  the 50 delegated States  to  assume full  responsibility  for
managing the  program,  an  increase of 3 over 1983.  States are  expected to  commit
2,083 workyears or  65  percent of the total  construction grants management  staffing
in 1984.  The  Corps of Engineers will  provide  17 percent  of  the total  and  EPA the
remaining 18 percent.                    i

     In accordance  with the  1981  Amendments,  States  are  to have  in  1984  water
quality based  priority  systems and  lists  which  serve  as the  basis  of  funding
decisions.  EPA  will  continue  working  with  States in  refining  and revising  these
lists and  systems   and  developing  measures  for  evaluating  their  water  quality
effectiveness.
     EPA will also  work with  States  in implementing the  financial  and  management
capability policy,  issuing  guidance,  conducting  ten workshops  on how  to  perform
a financial  capability  analysis, identifying  potential  problem projects for  cor-
rective action,   and helping  States  and  grantees  plan  for  and  establish  sound
operations and maintenance,  user charge, and financial  management systems.

     EPA is  placing increased  emphasis  on  ensuring  that  States,  grantees,  and
consultants are  provided  continuing  information  and support  concerning selection
of appropriate secondary*  advanced, innovative/alternative  (I/A),  and  traditional
technologies.  A program will  be initiated to ensure that  information on  success-
ful/unsuccessful  technologies is made known.  Guidance will be issued on  delegating
I/A responsibilities to the States.   An Advanced Treatment effectiveness  evaluation
will be completed leading to  technological  and  policy recommendations.  The Agency's
AT policy will be published providing for a consistent national  approach in reviewing
AT projects; an AT Technical  Handbook will also be published  summarizing the  find-
ings of Headquarters AT reviews since 1979 and providing a framework for  conducting
such reviews. EPA will   promulgate the final  Construction  Grants  program  regulation
and issue a  revised  regulation  expanding the  secondary treatment  definition.   EPA
will also issue final guidance  on,  review applications  received, and  obligate  1983
and 1984 Congressional  add-on  funds for  Marine  Combined   Sewer  Overflow projects.

     Regions will review 167 AT projects, referring  those with  over $3  million  in
incremental costs to Headquarters for final  review and  approval.   EPA will  develop
guidelines for future  delegation of  all  AT  project  review to  Regions  or  States
which demonstrate the knowledge and  capability to conduct  such reviews.
                                      WQ-77
-------
     In 1984, 885 projects will  be physically completed and 865 closed out.   With
assistance from the Corps of Engineers, a program of Program Management  Conferences
will be initiated with  all  new  grantees to  ensure  adequate record keeping,  grant
management, and  construction   management  practices;  emphasis  will  be  placed  on
completing or  terminating Step  1  and  2   grants   (planning  and  design—rendered
ineligible for  direct  grant  funding  under  the  1981  Amendments)  and  initiating
construction expeditiously;  the Agency's Construction Management  Evaluation  program
will be expanded; and efforts will be  made  to reduce the  volume  of claims.   The
Corps will  also perform  1,270  biddability  and  constructability  reviews,   manage
58% of  active  projects  under  construction,  perform interim  inspections  on  1,229
projects,  conduct 610  final   inspections,  and maintain on-site  presence at  large
complex projects.

     A major study will  be  completed  examining alternative approaches  for  Federal
and non-Federal financial involvement in municipal  wastewater treatment which  may
lead to legislative  proposals for  Title II  reauthorization.   Additionally,  with
the $2,625,000 Congressional  add-on for  operator training the Agency will continue
to make grants  to States  and other organizations for on-site assistance to operators
in noncomplying small facilities.


1984 Explanation of  Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$65,600 results from the  following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$65,600) A reprogramming was  made to this activity  which
was not reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   This  change
resulted in a net decrease of  -$40,000  to  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming was made moving all  non-program  specific "support"
type expense dollars  into the Regional  Support program element.   This reprogramming
to Salaries and Expenses, totaling  -$25,600,  was included in a  reprogramming letter
to Congress on  September 29,  1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     Obligations for management  of the  Construction  Grants  program  in  1983  totaled
$41,379,600 and 448.4 total  workyears,  of  which  $16,662,600  was for Salaries  and
Expenses and $24,717,000 was  for extramural  activities  under the  Abatement,  Control
and Compliance  appropriation.

     EPA awarded 809 step  3  (construction)  and  step 2+3 awards  and obligated
$3,193,777,000 (net)  under the  construction   grants  program,  resulting  in   a  total
of 8,085 active  projects at year  end.   Approximately  1,125  step 3 and step  2+3
projects completed construction during the year, and  by  year's end a total of  approx-
imately 3,550 P.L.  92-500 treatment plants  were completed and  on-line.

     During 1983, four  additional  States accepted  initial  Section 205(g)  delega-
tion, bringing  to 50 the total  number of delegated  jurisdictions—49  States  and
Puerto Rico.  With support  from the Corps  of Engineers,  29 States are considered
fully delegated, an  increase of 9 over 1982.

      EPA provided  assistance to States in  targeting funds  to  meet  highest priority
water quality and public  health  needs;  ensuring that  projects are technologically
appropriate and within the financial capability of the  communities  served;  comple-
ting and closing out projects  expeditiously;  meeting obligation  and  outlay  projec-
tions; and  managing  delegated activities.   EPA is  also  ensured that  appropriate
Advanced Treatment  funding decisions were made,  maintained  involvement  in projects
with overriding  Federal  interest,   and  exercised  nondelegated  project  management
responsibilities.
                                       WQ-78
-------
     In response  to  the  1981  Amendments,  EPA  provided   guidance  to  States  in
revising their priority  systems  to ensure  water  quality based  funding  decisions.
The 1982 Needs Survey  was published documenting the  impact  of the 1981  Amendments,
including an addendum which estimated costs  for  controlling marine CSO  discharges.
The Agency  completed  a  national  financial  capability policy  requiring  applicants
to demonstrate financial  and  management  capability to construct,  operate and  main-
tain proposed treatment works prior to receiving a construction grant.

     The Agency  continued to encourage  use of  innovative  and alternative treat-
ment technologies.  Through  1983,  awards.totaling $295  million  have been made  to
1,400 facilities  for  innovative  and alternative  technology  implementation.  178  of
these have  been  completed and  are operational.   Information  on  promising techno-
logies was published to help consulting engineers, grantees, and reviewing agencies.

     EPA Headquarters  continued  to  review  proposed   AT  projects   with  incremental
costs above  $3  million.   Including  the 13  projects acted  upon  in  1983,   these
reviews have  saved $834 million  in  construction  costs  plus substantial  annual
operations and maintenance cost  savings.  Additionally,  EPA  conducted 30 detailed
reviews of  proposed  new  phased/segmented  projects  to ensure appropriate funding
decisions.

     Early in  1983,  the Agency  published  streamlined final  Section 301(h)  regu-
lations in  response  to  the   1981  Amendments  along  with  advisory monitoring and
technical  support documents.  A total of 137 new waiver requests  were received  by
December 29,  1982 in  response to  the amended  deadline,  thus producing  a total  of
207 waiver  requests.   During the  year the  Agency made  40  tentative  and 12  final
decisions.  Decisions to date have resulted in cost  savings of $848 million due  to
projected reduced treatment costs.

     During 1983,  1,125  projects  completed  construction   and 942  projects   were
closed out.  EPA  published  Standard Operating Procedures  for the Corps to follow
in performing  interim construction  inspections  and  guidance on  expanded  use  of
Construction Management  Evaluations (CMEs)  for  all   new projects.  The  Corps  of
Engineers also assisted  EPA  and  States  in the  prevention of  waste,  fraud, and
mismanagement through  on-site presence  at  all  large facilities,  preconstruction
conferences with ~new~~grantees,~more~ frequent interim inspections," and  responses
to allegations or evidence of problems  identified  to  the  program.

     Consolidated program  guidance was  updated  to   be  published  with  the   final
construction grants  regulation.   The   Agency   published  a  final  regulation  on
delegated State  management  which   streamlined program  requirements and defined
further EPA  and   State  responsibilities related  to  oversight,  evaluation, and
planning.

     In response  to Congressional  directives to focus training funds on alleviating
noncompliance problems in Federally funded  municipal  plants, EPA  awarded  $2,425,000
from the 1983  Congressional  add-on to  fund States  for  on-site operator training
programs,  primarily for  small facilities.  These funds  provided  assistance to 380
facilities in 35  States.  The  remaining $200,000 was used  to conduct  a national
program evaluation and  to provide State data  for  use  in  a  mandatory  report  to
Congress.


CORPS OF ENGINEERS

1985 Program Request

     Resources for this  program  are  now shown  in  the  Municipal  Waste  Treatment
Facility Construction  program element under which the Agency  is  requesting a  total
of $17,300,000 for the Corps,  an increase of $1,300,000 over 1984.
                                       WQ-79
-------
1984 Program

     Beginning in  1984,  resources  for this  program are  in  the  Municipal  Waste
Treatment Facility  Construction  program  element.   In  1984,  $16,000,000  is  being
allocated for the Corps.                                                                            A


1983 Accomplishments

     The $20,187,400  obligated  under Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  for  the
interagency agreement  purchased  544  workyears  of  support  to  EPA and  States  in
ensuring technical and fiscal integrity of construction  projects.

     The Corps performed 1,265 biddability  and  constructability reviews to  assure
that designs  were  technically   adequate  prior  to  construction   contract  award,
managed 62 percent of active projects under  construction,  performed interim inspec-
tions on 1,340 projects, and performed 748 final inspections.  Continuing  on-site
presence also was  maintained  at  large, complex  projects to minimize  potential  for
waste, fraud, and mismanagement.  The Corps provided  significant  support to State and
EPA efforts to eliminate backlogs through handling  change orders,  making payments,
resolving project  deficiencies,  and  assisting  States  with  other related  needs.


WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS  AND MAINTENANCE

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency requests $1,536,400 supported by 34.5 total workyears  under
the Salaries  and Expenses   appropriation.   This  represents  a level  program.   The
$88,300 increase  in  Salaries and Expenses  represents  Agency adjustments to  align
personnel  funding with anticipated needs.

     The impact  of the  performance  certification  requirements contained  in  the
1981 Amendments  will  begin  to be felt  significantly in  1985.  EPA will work  with
States in  implementing  procedures  for  engineering  firms to  supervise first  year
plant operation and personnel training.  Supporting  implementation  of the  National                  M
Municipal  Compliance Policy,  operations  and maintenance staff  will  also  evaluate                  fl
municipal  compliance plans  submitted  for  current and proposed  facilities,  provide                  ^
assistance in  development   of  composite  correction  plans,   and provide technical
support to  formal  and informal   enforcement actions  by  Agency and  delegated  State
enforcement staff.  Additionally, EPA  will  manage  remaining  active State  operator
training grants,  provide on-site  assistance  and  operations  and maintenance  training
to operators in  noncomplying  plants,  monitor  and evaluate State operator  training
programs,  and  prepare  a  followup Report  to Congress including a   multi-year  plan
for ensuring effective, self-sufficient State  training programs.

1984 Program

     In 1984 the Agency is allocating $1,448,100 supported by  34.5 total workyears
for this activity under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     Implementing provisions  of  the  1981  Amendments, EPA  will  issue   guidance  for
implementing grantee  certification  of plant performance  following the first  year
of operation including recommended corrective  actions.   EPA will also  assist States
and grantees  in   performing  plant  diagnostic  inspections  to  identify  potential
problems related to  operations and  maintenance.   Additionally, program staff  will
manage $9 million  of  1982,  1983, and  1984 grants  (funded under  the Municipal  Waste
Treatment Facility  Construction  program)  added  by Congress  to  provide   on-site
training for  resolving  operations  and  maintenance problems  that  prevent  plant
compliance in  small  communities  and will evaluate  State programs.   EPA will  also
submit to  Congress  an initial report  on  the use and  impact of operator  training
funds in remedying compliance problems  and  a  preliminary action plan for  ensuring
effective, self-sufficient  State  operator training programs.
                                       WQ-80
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$2,400 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogramrnings.  (-$2,400) A  reprogramming was  made moving all  non-program
specific "support1  type expense dollars into the Regional  Support  program  element.
The Salaries and Expenses  reprogramming above,  totaling  -$2,400,  was included  in  a
reprogramming letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $1,262,200  supported  by  27.1 total workyears
under the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.   EPA began preparing  for  the  new
performance certification  requirements  mandated in  the  1981  Amendments by  clari-
fying responsibilities between  EPA  and  State agencies in their implementation  and
by developing program guidance.  EPA also assisted States  and grantees in developing
and maintaining effective  operations  and  maintenance  programs;   assisted  in  the
development of the  Agency's  National  Municipal   Compliance strategy  to  ensure  im-
proved performance   and  compliance   by  municipal facilities;  and  managed  operator
training grants in   35 States to support  on-site training designed  to improve small
facility compliance.
                                      WQ-81
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

WATER QUALITY

    ENFORCEMENT
       Water Quality Enforcement	    WQ-83
       Water Quality Permit Issuance	    WQ-87
                                       WQ-82
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                                   WATER QUALITY

                             Water Quality Enforcement
 Budget  Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $15,715,600  and 370.8  total  workyears  for
 1985, an  increase of  $2,329,400 and  18.0  workyears  from  1984.  Included  in  the
 total is  $14,368,200  for Salaries and  Expenses  and $1,347,400  for  Abatement,
 Control and  Compliance,  an increase of $1,186,600  and of $1,142,800 respectively.
 The program  includes both  Headquarters and Regional resources.

 Program Description                      ,

     Water Quality Enforcement—  The  National  Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination
 System (NPDES)Enforcement Program  monitors compliance,  initiates  administrative
 enforcement  actions,  and  provides  technical  support  for  enforcement  litigation
 against violators  of  NPDES permit  conditions.  This  subactivity covers  compliance
 monitoring,  inspections,  compliance strategy development,  administrative  enforce-
 ment remedies and technical support for judicial enforcement actions.

     Major functions  of   this  program  include  identification  of  noncompliers,
 initiation of  informal  actions to  secure  compliance,  and  negotiation  leading  to
 administrative enforcement actions.  Where informal negotiations and administrative
 enforcement  actions do not achieve compliance, cases will  be forwarded for judicial
 action.

     In addition  to  the NPDES  portion of the  Water Quality  Enforcement  Program,
 administrative and technical  support is provided for the issuance of administrative
 enforcement  actions against violations of the Spill Prevention Control  and Counter-
 measure Plan  requirements.  Referrals  are  made to  the  U.S.  Coast Guard  for civil
 penalty assessment for oil and hazardous substance spill violations  (Section 311(b)
 (6)(A)) in waters  where EPA has  jurisdiction,  and inspection  support  is  provided
 for enforcement against illegal dredge and fill  activities (Section  404).


 WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $15,715,600 supported by  370.8  total  workyears
 for this  program,  of  which  $14,368,200  will  be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
 appropriation and  $1,347,400  will  be  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
 appropriation.  This  is  an  increase  of $1,186,600 and $1,142,800,  respectively.
 The increase of 18.0  workyears  and  $1,186,600 in the Salaries  and  Expenses  appro-
 priation for this activity from 1984 to 1985 is  for additional  resources  to support
 the municipal  compliance  and  pretreatment  enforcement initiatives of the  program.
 The increase of $1,142,800 in Abatement, Control  and  Compliance will  provide tech-
 nical  support for municipal and pretreatment  compliance activities.

     Two major initiatives will  be  emphasized in  1985.  One initiative  will  focus
 on continued implementation of the  National  Municipal  Policy  (NMP)  to ensure that
 POTWs not in compliance  with CWA requirements have developed  and are  implementing
 plans to comply  with  all  applicable  requirements  of  the  Act.  EPA will  continue
 to develop compliance  schedules  (in non-NPDES States) for noncomplying  POTWs that
 receive EPA  funds  for  needed  construction;  major  noncomplying  POTWs that  will  not
 receive construction grant support;  one-half of the minor noncomplying  POTWs that
will  not receive construction  grant  support; major noncomplying constructed  POTWs;
 and one-half of the minor, noncomplying,  constructed POTWs.
                                       WQ-84
-------
     The second  initiative  will  be to  take  appropriate  enforcement  measures  to
assure implementation of  the national  pretreatment compliance  strategy.   EPA  in-
tends to ensure  implementation  of  the program  in cities  where neither the  State
nor the  city  has an  approved  pretreatment program and  will  enforce  pretreatment
requirements in  cities  which have  failed  to  implement approved pretreatment  pro-
grams.

     Along with  these two initiatives,   EPA will  continue its  basic, program  with
vigorous compliance  monitoring,  enforcement  of  EPA-issued  permits,  and   support
of approved  State  programs.  These  efforts will  focus on ensuring  compliance  by
major industrial   permitees,  Federally  funded  POTWs,  and  other  permitees  where
noncompliance threatens   public   health   or water  quality  objectives.  EPA  will
continue to  rely  upon increased  use  of less  resource-intensive  Compliance  Eval-
uation Inspections  (CEIs)  to  obtain maximum  coverage with  available resources.
Total inspections  will   decrease  slightly (5  percent)  to   approximately  1,951.

     The issuance of  administrative orders and  notices of violation will  increase
with priority  emphasis  on  municipal  compliance  and   pretreatment  enforcement  as
discussed above.

     Support for non-NPDES enforcement will include  inspections to verify  compli-
ance with Section  404 dredge or fill  requirements and  to determine  jurisdiction
under Section 404,  penalty assessments for spills  of  oil and hazardous materials,
and SPCC enforcement.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating  a total   of $13,386,200  supported  by  352.8  total
workyears to this program,  of  which $13,181,600 is for Salaries and Expenses  and
$204,600 is for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation.   During  1984,
the program  continues  to emphasize achieving  an  improved rate  of  municipal  and
industrial  compliance while  working  to promote  cooperation  among  Headquarters,
Regional Offices, and State  agencies.   In  1984  the National  Municipal Policy  will
be finalized and Regions  and States_wi11 submit Municipal Strategies.  Initial  AO
actions will  be  taken  by  Regions  and  States  a'gainst  completed plants"violating
their limits as specified in State strategies.

     The compliance program  is  encouraging the  development of  greater State  tech-
nical expertise and will encourage States to assume more  of the  compliance  monitor-
ing activities.  A  revised strategy for  the compliance inspection program  is  being
developed.   A  neutral inspection scheme, to satisfy the  judicial  requirement  for
objective random  selection   of   candidates  for  compliance inspections, has  been
implemented.  An estimated 2,052 compliance inspections  will  be conducted  by  EPA.
Quality assurance  will   continue to be  emphasized as an  important  part of  the
program.

     Approximately 695  administrative  orders  and notices  of  violations  will  be
issued for  violations of  NPDES  requirements.   Non-NPDES  administrative enforcement
activities are expected to  result  in  approximately  452  actions  under  the  Spill
Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures program, 770  oil  and hazardous substances
spill referrals to the U.S.  Coast Guard,  and 93  dredge  and fill  compliance  inspect-
ions.

     Support will be  provided to help  NPDES States develop their enforcement  man-
agement systems and maintain their  data  systems.  The  Permits  Compliance ADP System
(PCS), used by both States and  Regions,  will be  maintained and upgraded.   Increased
State direct use of PCS  and  link-up between existing  States systems and PCS will  be
encouraged.
                                       WQ-85
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$371,800 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$371,800)  A  reprogramming  was  made  to  this  activity
which was  not  reportable  under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This
change resulted  in  a net  increase  of +$5,500  to  the Abatement, Control and  Com-
pliance appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional Support program element.  This reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling  -$377,300,  was  included in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29,  1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the  Agency obligated a total of $13,664,100 supported  by  366.8  total
workyears for this  program,  including $13,412,000  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $252,100 for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     Contract resources were used to  meet  ADP information  needs, provide technical
and legal  case  support,  and  conduct  monitoring and  inspection training.  During
1983, the activities supporting enforcement actions in emergency  situations  involv-
ing substantial  threats  to public health  and  safety  received the  highest  program
priority.

     The national permit compliance  rate  for publicly  owned  treatment works  (POTWs)
in 1983  was  88  percent  for major municipal  dischargers  on  final  effluent  limits.
The national permit  compliance  rate  for  industrial  and  other nonmunicipal   dis-
chargers in 1983 was 91 percent for  major permits.

     Regional Offices  conducted  approximately   1,994  compliance  inspections  and
issued 50 Notices of  Violations  and 781  Administrative  Orders.  In  States  without
approved NPDES programs,_EPA  reviewed major dischargers' self-monitoring  reports.
Technical support was  provided "for "the~development "of  44  civil" cases'which  were
referred to Headquarters for review.

     Enforcement of  Section  311  oil  and  hazardous  substance spill requirements
consisted of 516 referrals to the U.S  Coast Guard for  assessment  of civil  penalties
and 207  administrative  actions  for  violations  of Spill  Prevention  Control  and
Countermeasure plan  requirements.

     Enforcement of   Section  404  provisions  focused  on identifying  illegal   dis-
charges of  dredge  and  fill  material.   Three  administrative  actions  were taken.
                                      WQ-86
-------
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-------
                                   WATER QUALITY

                           Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a total  of  $16,790,800  supported  by  340.9 total  workyears
for 1985.  This  represents an increase  of  $1,621,600 and 38.5 workyears from 1984.
Included in  the  request is  $12,629,500 for Salaries  and  Expenses  and $4,161,300
for Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance,   representing  an   increase  of $2,146,600
and a decrease of  $525,000,  respectively.   This  program includes both Headquarters
and Regional resources.

Program Description

     Water Quality Permit Issuance— The  National  Pollutant  Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit  program  is a comprehensive legislative  mandate  in  the Clean
Water Act  (CWA)  to  reduce  or  eliminate  point  source pollution  from industrial,
municipal, commercial,  and  agricultural dischargers.   The Act  prohibits  the dis-
charge of pollutants into all waters of the United States unless a permit is issued
by EPA or  an EPA-approved  State program.   A primary  function  of the permit program
is the encouragement  of State  assumption  of responsibility for  the  NPDES program.
At present,  35 States and one Territory have approved NPDES programs.

     Controlling discharges  of  priority pollutants  including toxics  is  the major
emphasis of  the  NPDES  permit program.   Direct discharges  of  these  pollutants into
navigable waters are controlled by the inclusion of Best Available Technology (BAT)
limitations  into industrial  permits.   Indirect discharges   of priority pollutants,
i.e., industrial  discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs),  are control-
led through  the  pretreatment program.   Municipalities  have primary  responsibility
for enforcing national  pTetreatment  requirements.   EPA and the  19 approved  States
with authority  for  pretreatment  are  responsible  for  assuring POTW  pretreatment
program development and implementation.

     Another" important  function" of "the" TJPDES "program is  to  provide  technical
support for  evidentiary hearings held on the terms and  conditions of  permits and to
review requests  for  several  types of  variances  from  permit  effluent  limitations.
EPA must also  evaluate requests  for  extension of  BAT compliance deadlines  where
innovative pollution  control  technologies  are to  be  demonstrated.    EPA  conducts
non-adversarial panel hearings for municipalities which have  requested marine dis-
charge modifications under Section 301(h)  of the  CWA.   Non-adversarial panel hear-
ings are also  used to  resolve  appeals to  conditions  in  NPDES  permits  issued  the
first time for a facility,  as well as in decisions on variances requested  by direct
dischargers.


WATER QUALITY PERMIT ISSUANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $16,790,800 supported  by  340.9 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which  $12,629,500  will  be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $4,161,300  will be  for  the Abatement,   Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  The increase  from 1984 of  $2,146,600  in  Salaries and  Expenses  is
primarily for the costs of  an additional  38.5 workyears. These additional  workyears
are necessary for  EPA to eliminate its major permit backlog by the end of 1985,  to
support implementation  of  pretreatment programs,  and  to  assist delegated  States
in reducing their permit backlogs.  The decrease of $525,000  in  Abatement,  Control
                                      WQ-88
-------
and Compliance includes $200,000  due  to a reduced need for  pretreatment  technical
support for  POTW  program  approvals  and  $325,000  in  funds  for tentative  Section
301(h) waiver determinations because of lower costs for each waiver review  action.

     In order to  meet the  goal  of  eliminating the  backlog  of  major permits  to
be issued by the Agency by  the  end  of 1985,  priority  will  be  given to  issuance  of
major industrial  permits.    The  water  quality-based permitting initiative begun  in
1984 will continue,  emphasizing permit issuance  in  water quality  impacted  areas;
priority will also  be given to issuing permits  for  which best available technol-
ogy guidelines have  been  promulgated.   Emphasis  will  also be  given to  issuance  of
major municipal  permits.   During 1985,  450 major  industrial  and 300  major  municipal
permits will be issued.

     During 1985, increased emphasis will  be  given to modifying permits to  incor-
porate appropriate revisions to discharge limitations  or  other permit  conditions.
For example, permits  will  be modified  as appropriate to  reflect  results of  bio-
monitoring data collection concerning  toxicity.

     Continued emphasis will  be given to  developing  and  issuing general permits,
including outer  continental  shelf  general  permits (for  discharges from drilling
rigs).  Wherever possible, general permits will  be issued to categories of  facili-
ties in order to  reduce  the backlog  of  expired permits and to ensure control  of
pollutants from facilities which might otherwise  remain  unpermitted.

     In 1985, there will be many requests  for  fundamentally different factor (PDF),
Section 301(g) water quality,  and  Section  301(c)  economic  variances. Additionally,
EPA expects   requests  for  extensions of BAT  compliance deadlines where innovative
pollution control technologies  are  to  be demonstrated.  Evaluation and review  of
such variance and deadline extension requests  will  continue.

     EPA will continue to  review  Section  301(h)  marine discharge  waiver requests
from POTWs.    This  Regional  responsibility is  technically  complex and  the  sole
responsibility of EPA, even in approved  NPDES  States.   Contractor support  ($1.7
million) is   provided  for   technical  reviews  of  Section   301(h)  applications and
followup monitoring after  waiver decisions are made.

     During 1985, requests  for  evidentiary hearings are expected  to be granted  on
about 25 percent of  the  major  industrial  permits  issued.   These  granted requests
will be in  addition to the  requests that  will carry  over  from  1984.   An  estimated
114 granted   requests  will   be  resolved  in  1985;  108 will be  resolved through  nego-
tiation and  six will  require formal  adjudicatory  hearings.   EPA experts in specific
industrial categories will  assist in   resolution  of  evidentiary hearing  requests.

     Emphasis will  continue to be  placed on assisting  in the  development and  formal
approval of new State NPDES programs and necessary program modifications for  assum-
ption of pretreatment and  Federal  facilities responsibilities.  It  is estimated that
during 1985 two States will  receive full  NPDES  authority  and  10 NPDES  States  will
receive program modification  approval  for pretreatment and/or Federal facilities
permitting.   To a limited  extent, EPA  will  be working with  NPDES States to  assist
in reducing the  NPDES State permit backlog.  Requests  by  NPDES States for  permit
assistance are  expected  to  increase   as  they focus  on the more  difficult,  high
priority second round permits.

     EPA will  continue to  review  and approve  local  POTW  pretreatment programs
during 1985  in States lacking approved pretreatment authority.  It  is  assumed that
all 1,700 POTWs required to develop  a  pretreatment  program, including some  700 POTWs
in approved  pretreatment  States,  will  have approved programs  by  the end of  1985.
EPA must  also evaulate POTWs'  requests to grant  removal  credits to indirect  dis-
chargers' requests for categorical  standard  determinations  and FDF  variances.   In
                                      WQ-89
-------
addition, indirect dischargers  are  required to submit  baseline  monitoring  reports
within six months  from  promulgation of categorical  pretreatment  standards.   Base-
line monitoring  reports provide the  indirect dischargers'  assessment  of  compliance
with the  standards and, where  necessary,  a schedule  for the facility  to  achieve
compliance with  the  standards.  These  reports  will  be  reviewed by  EPA,  States,  or
POTWs, depending on which is the primary pretreatment authority.

     Promulgation  of  NPDES  and  pretreatment regulation  revisions  proposed  in  1984
and responding to  new litigation  challenges will  be a  major regulatory focus  in
1985.  In addition, work on NPDES permit application forms will  continue, including
final forms for  new  sources,  existing  industrial  facilities,  nonprocess  industrial
dischargers, and POTWs.

     In 1985,  national   NPDES program  overview  activities   will   include  quality
review of selected permits, mid-year Regional  and  State  program evaluations, review
of Memoranda of  Understanding,  review  and  assistance  in  correcting  legally  defi-
cient State programs, assistance in  the development and  review  of State  permitting
strategies for  industrial  and  municipal  facilities, and evaluations of  approved
POTW and State pretreatment programs.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating a total of  $15,169,200  supported by  302.4
total workyears to the  Permits  Issuance program,  of  which $10,482,900 is  for  the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and $4,686,300  is  for the Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1984, emphasis will  continue to be placed on issuing "second  round"  major
industrial permits in water  use  impaired  areas and where  BAT  guidelines have  been
promulgated.  Approximately 385 major  industrial  permits will be issued by EPA  in
non-approved States.   Modifying major  industrial  permits to  reflect  biomonitoring
results will also  be a  priority  in 1984.   A  new  water  quality-based  permitting
initiative will begin in 1984 with the  issuance of an Agency  policy and a technical
support document.  Emphasis will continue  to  be given  to  issuing  general  permits,
including outer continental  shelf general  permits.

     During 1984,  added emphasis will  be  given to reducing the backlog  of  expired
municipal permits  and  to  modifying municipal  permits  to reflect  Section  301(h)
waivers and  revisions  to  secondary  treatment   standards.  Priority lists  will  be
developed for  municipal permits  to  be  issued  during  1984.  The Agency  will  issue
201 major municipal permits.

     As effluent guidelines are  promulgated, the number  of requests  from  industries
for PDF,  Section  301(c)  and  Section 301(g)  variances  will   increase.   Evaluation
and review of such variances will  continue  into 1985 and beyond.

     During 1984, requests for evidentiary  hearings will  be granted on about 30 per-
cent of the  major industrial permits  issued.   These granted requests  will be  in
addition to the granted requests that will  carry  over from 1983.   An  estimated  136
granted requests will be resolved  in 1984;  130 will  be resolved  through  negotiation
and six will  require  formal  adjudicatory hearings.

     During 1984,  two  States will  receive full  NPDES  authority  and eight  NPDES
States will receive program modification approval  for Federal  facilities  permitting
and/or pretreatment.   EPA  will  be  working  with  NPDES  States  which  request EPA
assistance in developing permits,  especially where effluent limitations  guidelines
are not available.

     During 1984 the  Regions will assist POTWs in the development  of  local pretreat-
ment programs.    Approximately  1,700 POTWs  are  required  to  develop  pretreatment
programs, of which 1,100 are in  States  not  now  approved  to administer  the pretreat-
ment program.   About  170  of  the 1,100  programs were  approved by EPA in 1983, and
                                      WQ-90
-------
another 300 to  400  should be approved by EPA  during  1984.   In addition, EPA  will
initiate program  reviews  at  POTWs  with  approved programs  to  assure  satisfactory
implementation of pretreatment  programs.   EPA  will  begin  to  review  requests  for
removal credits,  review  industrial  baseline  monitoring  reports,  and make categor-
ical determinations  for industrial users.

     During 1984, emphasis will  be given to approval or denial  of  Section  301(h)
marine discharge waivers consistent with  the  large increase  in  applications  follow-
ing the December 1981 CWA amendments.   EPA will evaluate 20  applications  for marine
discharge waivers during 1984.

     In 1984, EPA will  promulgate final   rules  concluding rulemaking  initiated  by
the settlement of NPDES issues  with industry  litigants.   An  NPDES  regulatory reform
package has also  been drafted  and should  be  proposed  in 1984.  During  1984,  EPA is
continuing work on the development of new, snorter  NPDES application forms  and the
revision of existing forms based on litigation.  The removal  credits  portion of the
pretreament regulations will  be promulgated  in  1984.


1984 Explanation of  Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$260,900 results from the  following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$260,900) A reprogramming was  made  to this  activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in a net decrease of  -$65,000 to the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all  non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  Support  program element.  This reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling -$195,900,  was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.'


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the-Agency-obl1-gated a-total'-of $llr,786,40a supported  by 207.7 total
workyears for this  program,   including  $7,612,200  for  the   Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $4,174,200 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance  appropria-
tion.

     In 1983, EPA issued  a total  of 506  major  and  1,694 minor permits.   Of these
2,200 permits,  1,738 were industrial  (381  majors),  and 462  were  municipal  (125
majors).  Other  activities  included promoting  and  approving  State  NPDES  program
assumption and  program  modification approvals,  assisting  in  the development  and
approval of local pretreatment programs,  and  regulatory  reform.

     In 1983, emphasis was placed on the  issuance of major industrial permits based
on the "second round" industrial  permit strategy.  In addition,  a new water quality-
based permitting  initiative  began  with  the drafting  of an Agency policy  and  a
technical support document.  Five field  studies were conducted  on  complex, multiple
discharge sites, and-training seminars  were  held for EPA and the States.

     Currently, 35 States  and  one Territory have approved  NPDES programs  and are
issuing permits.  One State was  approved for  full  program administration  during
1983.  In  addition,  four previously  approved  NPDES  States received  pretreatment
authority, and two received Federal facility authorization.  This  brings the total
to 19  approved  States  with  pretreatment  authority and  25 approved  States  with
Federal facility permitting authority.
                                       WQ-91
-------
     In 1983, the Regions  and  the States increased their emphasis on  issuing  gen-
eral permits.  Six final  general  permits issued in 1983 authorize discharges  from
3,000 facilities, eighteen  proposed  general  permits  cover  3,500 facilities,  and
15 draft permits  will  cover an  additional  21,000  facilities.   The  first  general
permit issued covering a particular category  of discharge is used as a  "model"  for
similar general  permits issued  in other geographical areas.

     In 1983, EPA increased  its  pretreatment  program  activity.   Pretreatment  liti-
gation was  settled and  categorical standards  were promulgated.   Local  pretreatment
programs were reviewed and  170 POTW  pretreatment  programs  were approved by EPA by
the end of 1983. Finally,  over 1,000 additional Regional and State POTWs  submitted
initial portions of their programs for  review.
                                      WQ-92
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

DRINKING WATER                                                                DW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Drinking Water Research	    DW-8
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	    DW-23
       Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	    DW-28
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	    DW-29
          Underground Injection Control Program Grants	    DW-31
          Special  Studies & Demonstrations	    DW-32
          Trai ni ng	    DW-33
       Drinking Water Management	    DW-34
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	    DW-36
          Underground Injection Control Program	    DW-39
    ENFORCEMENT
       Drinking Water Enforcement	    DW-42
                                       DW-1
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-------
                                   DRINKING WATER


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA) charged EPA with the responsibility
of ensuring that the Nation's water  supplies  are  free  from  contamination  which may
pose a risk to human health.  In carrying  out this mandate, EPA  is  required to set
standards for  contaminants  and to  assure  compliance  among public water  systems.
The Agency is  also  required  to protect underground sources of drinking water  from
contamination due to underground injection practices.  Although  EPA is  required to
establish minimum national  requirements  for these  programs, the Act clearly intended
that the States  (and Territories) would assume primary  enforcement  responsibility,
primacy, for implementing these programs.   In  the event a State  does  not  choose to
accept primacy, and on  Indian Lands  for  which  the States do not have civil  jurisdic-
tion, EPA must implement and enforce the regulatory  requirements directly.

     Over the past years, the Agency worked  closely  with the States in  promoting
primary enforcement responsibility  for  the  Public Water  Systems  Supervision  (PWS)
program.  This effort  resulted in  delegations  to 51  States and  Territories.   One
additional State, South Dakota, has achieved primacy  in 1984.   The Regional  Offices
are continuing to  work closely with  Pennsylvania and  Indiana  in  anticipation  of
program delegations in 1985.

     The Underground Injection Control  (UIC)  program  is designed to protect under-
ground sources of drinking water  from contamination  by unsafe injection practices.
The Agency's priority  has  been to delegate the  UIC  program to the States.   Early
in 1983,  the  Agency began  to develop  a  rulemaking  package to  establish programs
for States which  have made clear their lack of  interest in  primacy.  Under a consent
decree stemming  from a  lawsuit  by  the National Wildlife  Federation,  these  regula-
tions are to be  promulgated  by the  end  of March  1984.  In addition, a second  rule-
making package to cover additional  direct  implementation  States is to  be proposed
by May 1984 and promulgated  by October  1984.   Therefore,  by the  beginning of  1985,
all jurisdictions (with the exception of certain Indian lands) will have  operational
UIC programs.                       _       _

REVISE CURRENT HEALTH PROTECTION STANDARDS

     The Public Water  Systems  Supervision  program is  currently  operating  under the
National  Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.   Generally,  these  regulations
codified the  historical  health  standards  that   reflect  the  prevailing  norms  of
treatment technology.   The  SDWA  required  EPA to  revise these interim  regulations
based upon a determination  made  by  the  National Academy of Sciences  (NAS) or  some
other independent  scientific group.   These  revisions  were  to  establish  numbers
which express health goals  and identify the level  at  which "no known or  anticipated
adverse effects  on the health of persons occur and which  allows  an  adequate margin
of safety."  These  levels  are called  "recommended maximum contaminant  levels"  or
RMCLs.  In order to  make  an accurate assessment  of  the  health risk,  EPA must as-
semble and analyze all the  available  toxicological data and establish the level  of
approximate human exposure  from drinking water.  The  latter requires EPA to  conduct
surveys of drinking water quality to establish a  profile  of contaminant  occurrence
nationwide.

     From this information EPA  is  required  to establish RMCLs after  formal notice
of proposed  rulemaking and  public  review.    An  enforceable  maximum  contaminant
level, or MCL, is derived  from the health  goal (the RMCL value)  taking into  account
the feasibility and cost of  treatment  by the  water  supply.  If  it  is not  feasible
to measure a contaminant at  the  utility level, EPA can consider  setting  treatment
requirements to  reduce the level  of the undesirable contaminants.   The  enforceable
regulation is established in  the  framework  of a  Regulatory Impact  Analysis, where
the benefits in  terms  of  the level  of  risk  reduction are analyzed in  relation  to
                                      DW-3
-------
  the financial  burden imposed.  To make  the  ultimate regulatory decision, EPA must
  assemble and consider data on the performance and cost of both treatment and moni-
  toring technology.   Because  the  task  is  complex,  EPA is  developing  the  Revised
  National Primary Drinking Water Regulations  (NPDWR)  in  four  phases.

       Phase I of the Revised NPDWR addresses presently unregulated volatile organic
  contaminants which  occur widely  and  often  at  high concentrations.   The Agency
  published the Advance Notice  of  Proposed  Rulemaking (ANPRM)  for Phase I in March
  1982, and expects to propose  RMCLs,  the health  goals,  in  early 1984 and to simul-
  taneously promulgate the  RMCLs  and  propose  the MCLs, the  enforceable  standards,
  in late 1984.   Promulgation  of final  MCLs  is  scheduled  by  Fall  1985.

       Phase II  will  address  inorganic  chemicals,  pesticides,  and microbiological
  contaminants,  including  a reconsideration  of  the  existing  standards.  The ANPRM for
  Phase II was published on October 5, 1983, and we anticipate  proposal  of the Phase
  II RMCLs in late  1984 followed   by  proposal  and promulgation  of  the MCLs  in late
  1985 and mid-1986, respectively.   As a  separate  part of  Phase II, the Agency will
  propose regulations for  fluoride (in response to  a  petition by the State of South
  Carolina) based upon findings  of  the Surgeon  General.

       We are in the early  stages  of  Phase  III—revising the  regulations for radio-
  nuclides, which will  cover both natural  and man-made radioactivity.   The Agency
  published the ANPRM in October 1983  and  anticipates  proposal  of RMCLs in  late 1985.

       Phase IV  wil 1 review the existing  trihalomethane  regulations and address the
  broader issues of  the  respective  health  risks  of   alternative  disinfectants  and
  additional  organic chemical by-products of  disinfection.   Once  the  full revision
  process is complete,  the SDWA requires an ongoing assessment  of emerging contaminant
  threats, with  a formal review  of  standing  regulations every  three years.

	Jo assist States in managing  instances  of drinking water  contamination  not
—covered by  existing  regulations, the  Agency prepares health  advisories.   These
  advisories  are  proving helpful  to States in  managing  serious  incidents of ground-
  water contamination  until  additional   standards  become  available.  Although  not
  enforceable standards,  they contain a  summary  of the best  scientific  evidence on
  the relative toxicity  of  a contaminant,  together  with  any  available  information
  on  sources, detection  and  measurement  methods,  and  treatment  to neutralize  or
  remove it.   Furthermore, they are  being  used by other  environmental programs  for
  evaluation  of  contaminants  found in  ground  waters in  the vicinity of hazardous
  waste sites.

       The Office  of Research and Development provides direct input into  the regula-
  tory development  process  by  providing current data on  the toxicity of chemicals
  of  concern. The program also pursues longer term research to provide a more accurate
  basis for future  regulatory decision making.  A major  effort will be to develop and
  apply less  costly methods  to establish the toxicological potential  of contaminants
  at  low dosages  and  in combinations.  Efforts to understand the  health effects of
  disinfectant by-products  will  be  expanded.   Research   will  continue   to  provide
  assessments of  treatment effectiveness and feasibility  to  support  the  development
  of  drinking water regulations.

  IMPROVE COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE  STANDARDS

       Compliance  rates  with the PWS  program requirements  have greatly improved since
  the Agency  first  compiled  annual  reports for 1978.   However,  data indicates that
  small systems  represent the largest  percentage  of violations.   In an  effort to
  correct compliance problems, the  Agency and the  States developed  a  series of guid-
  ance documents  including a compliance  policy  for  public  water systems.  This policy
  is  aimed at full  compliance with  MCL and  monitoring  requirements, which  will  be
  achieved by identifying problems, evaluating  health  risks,  realistically developing
  alternatives, and  moving toward  compliance.   The  States  or EPA will develop State-
  specific strategies  for bringing  systems  into compliance, recognizing the differing
  circumstances among  the States.  The strategies will  rank violations  based on public
                                        DW-4
-------
health threats and  set  priorities for  followup  actions  to provide for  the  appro-
priate enforcement  actions  based upon  the ranking  schemes.   Finally,  the  policy
provides for  data  verification to assure  that  the data being  used by  the  States
and EPA is  an accurate  indicator of  the water quality  and the  program's progress.

     The Research and Development program contributes towards  this effort by  study-
ing and providing  data  on  cost-effective treatment  technology  for small  systems
and providing a  quality assurance program for laboratory  certification.  Research
will be expanded  on the  problem of  maintaining  microbiological  water  quality  in
distribution  systems after  treatment.   Research  will  continue  on  identifying  and
solving problems which corrosion may  pose to drinking water quality.

MAXIMIZE UIC DELEGATIONS AND IMPLEMENT FEDERAL PROGRAMS

     During 1983, the UIC  program emphasized primacy delegations  to States.   At  the
end of 1983, we had approved UIC programs covering  19 States (12 full and 7 partial)
out of a total of  57  States and Territories.   This is a slower  rate  of delegation
than was anticipated  earlier,  due to  the need to  negotiate  necessary  changes  in
State applications.  The  work done  with the States  in 1983 is  expected to  bear
fruit in 1984 in the  form of a larger number of delegations.  By  the  end of 1984,
we expect to  have  approved  a cumulative total of  28 full  and 8  partial  State  pro-
grams.

     In 1984, the  Agency  is also  preparing to  implement the UIC  program in  those
States which  have  not  assumed primacy.   We expect to promulgate  programs for  the
first batch  of  direct  implementation  States  in  March  and to operate programs  in
these States during the  second half of 1984.  In  response to a suit by  the National
Wildlife Federation, the Agency has  committed itself to  achieve  operating UIC  pro-
grams in all  57 States and Territories by the  beginning  of  1985.   In  1984,  the
Agency will, therefore,  propose direct implementation programs for a second  set  of
States.  These programs  are to be promulgated  in  October 1984.   While  the Agency  is
proposing and promulgating  direct implementation programs to achieve full  coverage
for the UIC program, it will  also  continue to review and approve State  applications,
with the likelihood that several of the States for which direct  implementation  pro-
grams are being  prepared  will  achieve  primacy in  1984.  At the beginning  of  1985,
the Agency  expects  to be  responsible  for" the operation of  21  full and  8  partial
programs.

ADDRESS AND RESPOND TO GROUND-WATER PROBLEMS

     The drinking water  program will  focus on two distinct activities in the ground-
water protection area.  First,  the  Agency  takes  an active  role  in responding  to
ground-water contamination  instances  as they may  threaten public  water supplies.
The Regional  drinking water programs  will  (1) provide assistance  in responding  to
an increasing number  of  contaminated  ground-water  supplies  which  serve  as  source
waters of public water  systems,  (2)  assess the  magnitude  of the  problem, and  (3)
identify alternative remedial  measures  needed to protect public health.   In  addi-
tion, the Agency  will provide advisory  services on the health effects of unregulated
contaminants to the States and utilities.

     Second, the drinking  water program will work with other EPA  programs to  assess
the magnitude of the  risks  posed by  contamination  from hazardous  waste  sites  and
evaluate the drinking water aspects of alternative cleanup  proposals.

     The Agency will continue to pursue a coordinated ground-water research  effort.
The objective of this program is to predict and  estimate the movement,  persistence,
and/or transformation of  plumes  of  contaminants  in  the  subsurface  environment,
and to increase  development  of  new technologies  for use in detection,  prevention,
and remediation.    Work  will  focus  on  improving  the  methods to  investigate  and
monitor contamination.    In   addition,  the  health  research program  will provide
information on the health  effects of  contaminants  found  in  ground  water  for  Agency
and State use in addressing ground-water  pollution.   A  pilot  scale evaluation  of
in situ aquifer restoration  methods will be started in order to judge the feasibility
and cost-effectiveness of  methods developed in laboratory studies.
                                      DW-5
-------
                                   DRINKING WATER
Actual
 1983
Program Activities

Cumulative Number of
States with full or
partial primary
enforcement respon-
sibility for:
   Public Water Systems
     Supervision	   51
   Underground Injection
     Control
      - Full  primacy	   12
      - Partial primacy....    7

 Sole source aquifer
 designations	

 Underground Injection
 Control  permits issued  by
 EPA in nonprimacy States..  —

 Laboratory certifications
 in PWS nonprimacy
 States	  120

_Revi_si_on to National
 Interim Primary Drinking
 Water Regulations

   Phase I   "~   ~  "~          ~
   Propose RMCL	
   Propose MCL	
   Promulgate MCL	

   Phase II
   ANPRM	   9/83
   Propose RMCL	
   Propose MCL	

   Phase III
   ANPRM	   9/83
   Propose RMCL	

   Phase IV
   ANPRM	
          Amendment/
 Budget    Current                Increase +
Estimate   Estimate   Estimate    Decrease -
  1984       1984       1985     1985 vs 1984
  51


  39*



  +5



+295



+125
                                                   52
                                                   28
                                                    8
                                   54
                                   32
                                    7
                                      +2
                                      +4
                                      -1
                      +162
                                                 +120
                                                            +300
                                  +65
                                    +138
                                     -55
                                                   2/84
                                                   9/84
                                                             12/84
                                                              9/85
                                                              9/85



                                                              9/85


                                                              9/85
* Number indicates programs, did not distinguish between full  or partial  programs.
                                       DW-6
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

DRINKING WATER

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Drinking Water Research	    DW-8
                                       DW  7
-------
































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                                   DRINKING WATER

                              Drinking Water Research
Major Outputs/Milestones

Provide Health, Monitoring and
Engineering Data

- Prepare health criteria documents
  which evaluate and assess the
  human health impact of exposure
  to specific constituents found in
  drinking water (Scientific
  Assessment)

- Assist in development and review
  of methods for formulating
  drinking water standards
  (Scientific Assessment)

- Develop, produce and distribute
  quality control  and performance
  evaluation samples for chemical,
  microbiological  and radiochemical
  analysis (Monitoring)
 _Proyide report whTch evaluates
  the validity of extrapolation
  models for tumor promoters and
  initiators (Health)
- Prepare report on removal of
  pesticides from drinking water
  (Engi neering)

- Prepare report on treatment
  techniques for removing nitrates
  from drinking water (Engineering)

- Complete report on small system
  bacteriological sampling frequency
  models (Engineering)

- Prepare state-of-knowledge report
  on the removal  of organic materials
  (Engi neering)

Provide  Quality Assurance

- Provide reports on international
  symposia on the health effects of
  drinking water disinfectants and
  disinfection by-products (Health)
Actual
 1983
 9/83
Amendment/
Current
Estimate
  1984
  9/84
Estimate
  1985
  9/85
 9/83
 9/83
  9/84
  9/84
  9/85
  9/85
 9/86
 2/87
                 6/88
                 2/85
                 2/85
  9/86
  2/87
                 6/88
                 2/85
                 2/85
  9/86
  2/87
                 9/86
                 9/88
                                     DW-11
-------
Major Outputs/Milestones

- Conduct laboratory certification
  evaluations (Monitoring)

- Provide quality control procedures
  and guidelines to document data
  quality and systems performance
  (Monitoring)

Provide Health and Engineering Information

- Prepare annual reports summarizing
  the occurrence, cases and causes of
  water-borne disease outbreaks by
  year (Health)

- Report on target organ toxicity
  of chemicals tested for health
  advisory development (Health)

- Produce a report on filtration to
  meet coliform and turbidity MCLs
  (Engineering)

- Provide a report on the cost and
  effectiveness of trihalomethane
  control (Engineering)

Provide Scientific Data for
Protection of Ground Water

- Establish groundwater research
  program for locating abandoned
  wells, fluid movement in injection
  wells, and develop monitoring
  equipment (Monitoring)

- Evaluate possible Temik (aldicarb)
  contamination of Florida's citrus
  belt ground water (Monitoring)

- Report on Influence of Chemical
  Concentration on Prediction
  Confidence (Env. Processes)

- Report on laboratory-scale evalu-
  ation of aquifer restoration
  methods (Env. Processes)
Actual
 1983
 9/83

 9/83
Amendment/
Current
Estimate
  1984
 9/84

 9/84
Estimate
  1985
 9/85

 9/85
12/84
 9/84
12/85
 9/86
                1/85
                2/86
 9/86
 9/88
                1/85
                2/86
 9/85
 9/85
 9/85
10/85
 9/85
               12/84
10/85
 9/85
10/85
 9/85
                                      DW-12
-------
                                    DRINKING WATER


                               Drinking Water Research
 Budget Request
      The Agency requests a total of $23,124,500  supported  by  191.4  total  workyears
 for 1985, a decrease of $674,100 and an increase of 5.0 total  workyears  from 1984.
 Included in this  total  are  $9,777,200  for Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $13,347,300
 for Research  and  Development,  with an  increase  of $386,600  and  a  decrease  of
 $1,060,700, respectively.   The  increase  in   Salaries  and  Expenses and  workyears
 will expand quality  assurance  efforts.   The  decrease,  primarily  in  engineering,
 reflects the  completion of funding of  a cooperative research agreement with  the
 water utility industry.

 Program Description

      EPA's drinking water  research program provides  support  to  the States  and  to
 the EPA Office of Drinking Water  (ODW) in  implementing the  Safe  Drinking  Water Act
 (SDWA) in the areas of contaminant occurrence related to  health effects,  analytical
 methods to  monitor  contaminants,  control  technology and  the  related  costs,  and
 pertinent data to support  the protection  of ground water  resources.

 Objectives designed to implement this  program are:

      Objective 1.   Provide the Health,  Monitoring and Engineering Data  Necessary to
 Develop and Revise Drinking Water Regulations.This  research  provides  information
 in the areas  of scientific  assessment, health effects, and treatment technology to
 support the ODW in developing revised regulations  and Health  Advisories to  control
 drinking water-cofrtamfnants  under  Section 1412  of  the  SDWA.   It also  provides
-anaiytfcal procedures—for—use  by  the Agency,  States,   municipalities  and  system
 operators to  monitor  contaminants to assure  compliance  with maximum  contaminant
 levels pursuant to Section 1401  of the  SDWA.

      Objective 2.   Provide Quality Asssurance Support to Agency and State Drinking
 Water Laboratories"!   This   activity provides  analytical   ana"systems   performance
 procedures for on-site  evaluation  and certification  of  drinking water  monitoring
 laboratories and  makes  possible  mandatory  quality   assurance  activities  of  all
 laboratories and offices involved with  data collection.

      Objective 3.   Provide Health and Engineering Information  to  Assist  States  and
 Municipalities  in  Complying  with Drinking  Water   Regulations.  Health research
 assists the States  in  ascertaining  causes of waterborne infectious disease outbreaks
 and improving  reporting of these  incidents,  as  well  as  determining the  hazard  to
 humans from exposure to  infectious  agents  through drinking  water.  It also provides
 support for the  issuance  of Health  Advisories  by  EPA.   Engineering  technology
 research is directed toward the  compliance and reporting  problems of small  systems.
 This work supports technical  assistance  to States  and  municipalities as  required
 by Section 1442 of the SDWA.

      Objective 4.   Provide  Scientific  Methods and  Data  for  Protection  of Ground-
 Water Resources.This research  provides  the  scientific basisfor  the  protection
 of underground drinking water sources  as  required to implement Section 1421  and
 1424 of the SDWA.
                                        DW-13
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $492,200  supported  by 9 total  workyears  for
this program,  of  which  $417,200  is  Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $75,000  is  for
Research and Development.   Thi s 'reflects  a decrease  of  $26,400 for  Salaries  and
Expenses and a decrease  of  $30,500  for  extramural  purposes  under the Research  and
Development appropriation.  This decrease  reflects  the completion  of  funding  for
research work on  Temik  contamination in  Florida.

     Provide the  Health.  Monitoring  and  Engi neering Data Necessary to  Develop  and
Revise Drinking Water Regulations.   This program  will  provide  assessment  ex pert i se
and technical  assistance  in support of drinking water regulations,  health  advi-
sories, methodology development, and other  guidance to States  and operators.   Such
support will include:  (1) initiation of 13-15 health  assessment/criteri a documents
which evaluate and assess the  human  health impact of exposure to specific chemicals
designated by  the ODW;   (2)  preparation  of  criteria documents  and  Recommended
Maximum Contaminant Levels (RMCLs) initiated in 1984;  (3)  preparation of supporting
material for health advisories;  (4)  evaluation of carci nogenicity data, cancer risk
estimates, as well as evaluation of new cancer  studies  for consistency of scientific
interpretation and analysis  techniques  for use in ODW  regulatory activity;  and (5)
guidance and input relevant  to human health assessment  methodology.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating  a  total  of $549,100 and  9  total  workyears
to this program,   of  which  $443,600 is  under  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation
and $105,500 is for  extramural purposes under the  Research  and  Development appro-
pri at ion.

     Provide the  Health,  Monitoring  and  Engineering Data Necessary to  Develop  and
Revise Drinking Water Regulations'!   Revised primary drinking water regulations must
be fi nali zed by 1986.  Health  assessment documentation for  10  chemicals  are  being
finalized and development initiated  for 12 more contaminants.   Support is provided
for a study  of the degree and impact of possible Temik (aldicarb) contamination of
drinking water supplies in Florida.

1984 Explanation  of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no  change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $88,700 and  1.9 total  workyears for
this program,  of  which $58,500 was under the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $30,200  was   for  extramural   purposes  under  the Research   and  Development
appropri at ion.

     Provide the   Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary to Develop  and
Revi s~Dri nki ng Water Standard's!   The  i niti al  drafts  of  health  effects  documents
dealing with  silver,  1,1-di chl oroethane,  and  mercury were prepared.   After peer
review, these  documents  were  released to  the  public  for  comment   in  mid-1983.

MONITORING SYSTEMS AND  QUALITY ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $2,586,600 supported by  30.1  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which  $1,701,800  is for Salaries  and Expenses and $884,800 is
                                      DW-14
-------
for Research  and  Development.  The  increase of  5 workyears  and  $281,600  in  the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation  reflects increased support for  conducting  the
annual laboratory  certification  and  developing  analytical   methods  to  monitor
contaminants in drinking water.  The decrease of $143,500  in  Research and Develop-
ment funds reflects the completion of funding for Temik research.

     Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary  to  Develop  and
Revise Drinking Water Regulations.Research  willb"edirectedtowardsupporting
the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations and the Safe Drinking Water
Act.  The program evaluates methods  for measurement of radionuclides, and sampling
holding times for microbiological  analysis,  and develops  alternate membrane filter
media for analyzing total coliforms.

     Provide Quality Assurance Support to  Agency  and State Drinking Water Labora-
toriesT  Quality  control  procedures and  guidelines to document  data quality  and
systems performance,  quality  assurance   support   in   radionuclides  analysis,  and
overview of Agencywide  mandatory  quality  assurance activities  related  to drinking
water will be provided.   Interlaboratory performance evaluation studies and on-site
evaluations are conducted  annually of principal laboratories  and  regions required
to perform microbiological, chemical and  radiochemical  analysis of drinking water.
Additional resources reflect  work to be  done  in  the  production,   maintenance  and
distribution of  quality  control   and  performance  evaluation  samples  to  support
laboratory certification.

     Provide Scientific  Methods and Data for Protection  of Ground  Water Resources.
Work in 1985  will  build on  research  in  a  number of areas  where  work  has been
supported in previous years.   Efforts will develop/modify  well  sampling equipment/
instrumentation, and develop  a non-contaminating  submersible pump  for  monitoring
water supply  wells.  The  use  of fiber  optics and  laser  technology to  monitor
groundwater quality will be  evaluated.   Studies will  be conducted  to evaluate  the
feasibility^ using airborne  and surface-operated instrumentation to locate aban-
doned weTls ano1 to  investigate the feasibility of mapping  underground  fluid move-
ment from injection wells.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $2,448,500  and  25.1  total  work-
years to this program of which $1,420,200 is for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and $1,028,300  is for  extramural  purposes  under  the  Research and Develop-
ment Appropriation.

     Provide the Health, Monitoring and  Engineering Data Necessary   to Develop  and
Revise Drinking Water Regulations"Activities include  the  evaluation of methods  for
measurement ofradionuclides,chemicals  and microbes,  the  evaluation  of  sample
holding times for microbiological  analysis,  and the development of alternate mem-
brane filter media for analyzing total  conforms.

     Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking  Water  Labora-
torieT^This effort provides  quality assurance support in  radionuclides,  chemical
and microbiological  analyses,  and referral  laboratory services.    An overview  of
Agencywide mandatory quality assurance activities  of all  laboratories and  offices
involved with data collection for drinking water supplies  is provided.  The program
supports the production  and distribution of quality control  and performance evalua-
tion samples for chemical and microbiological analysis  for  water supply laboratory
certification.   In addition, the program develops  and  distributes  radioactive
standards and reference  materials for radiochemistry analysis.

     Provide Scientific  Methods and Data for Protection of Ground Water  Resources.
The program includes modification  of wellsampling equipment and publication of a
report on non-contaminating  pumps.   The  use  of fiber  optics  and  laser  technology
                                       DW-15
-------
to monitor  groundwater quality is being evaluated, and a report on the feasibility
of using  airborne  and surface-operated instrumentation to  locate  abandoned wells
i s bei ng  published.   Alternate  test  procedures  for  chemistry,  microbiology  and
radi o-chemi stry are being evaluated.   The  possible contamination of Florida's citrus
belt ground water by Temik contamination is being  evaluated.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$17,300 results  from the following  action:

     -Reprogrammi ng.  (-$17,300) A  reprogrammi ng  was  made to  this  activity which
was not reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogrammi ng limitations.  This change
resulted in a  net decrease  of -$17,300  to the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $1,720,300 and  21.4 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $1,001,400  was  under  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropri-
ation and  $718,900 was  for  extramural  purposes  under  the Research and Development
appropriation.

     Provide the Health, Monitoring and  Engineering  Data Necessary to  Develop  and
Revise  Drinking  Water Regulations^The  program  provided  criteria and procedures
for on-site evaluation and  certification  of laboratories  associated  with drinking
water monitoring and analysis  and provided evaluation  of alternate test procedures.

     Provide Quality Assurance Support to  Agency and  State Drinking Water   Labora-
t ori esT  The program:   1) produced  and disseminated  quality control and performance
"evaTuation  samples  for  chemical  and  microbiological  analysis  for   water  supply
laboratory certi fi cation; 2)  developed  and distributed radioactive  standards  and
reference mat eri als for  radi ochemi stry  analysis;  3) validated  studies for  chemis-
try, radiochemistry and  microbiology; and 4)  conducted  laboratory evaluations and
i ntercompari son studies.

     Provide   Scientific   Methods   and   Data  for  Protection  of   Groundwater
Resources.  This program provided  support Tor   a  national  program  which  conducted
feasibi lity studies to locate abandoned wells  and investigated the feasibility of
mapping the underground movement of fluids from  injection wells.

HEALTH EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of  $10,040,500 supported  by 68.5 total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $3,537,100 is  for  Salaries and Expenses  and $6,503,400
is for Research and Development.   This  reflects a decrease of $93,600 in Salaries
and Expenses and an increase of $784,300 in Research and Development.  The increase
reflects additional   support  for epidemiology  research and  work  on the  health
effects of  drinking  water  disinfection  by-products.    The decrease  reflects  the
transfer of  support contracts to the Research  and  Development appropriation where
they are more appropriately funded.

     Provide the Health, Monitoring and  Engi neeri ng  Data Necessary to  Develop  and
Revi s¥~ Dri nki ng  Water  Regulations.   Toxicological   research  wTTT   continue  for
speci fie chemi cal  contami nant~s,  for  water treatment  and for  materials  capable of
leaching from surfaces in contact with potable water.  Dose-response  data on treat-
ment chemicals and leachates wi 11 be developed especially for central  nervous system
effects, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive effects.
                                      DW-16
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     Additional resources  will  be devoted to research  of  drinking  water disinfec-
tants and  their  by-products.  Toxicological  data  will be  provided to  the  ODW to
evaluate the  health  effects  of  disinfectants used  in drinking  water  treatments.
By-products formed by  reaction of disinfectants  with background organic  material
will be  a  major  subject  of study.   These  by-products  will   also  be  examined
toxicologically to determine the  specific  health   effects  posed  by  exposure  to
such chemicals.   Most  chemicals  occurring  in  drinking water cannot  be  identified
analytically, therefore,  studies  will  be  directed  toward examining the  extent to
which the  unidentified fraction  (more than  90  percent)   of  organic chemicals  in
drinking water pose  hazards  to  human  health.  The  issue of exposure to  multiple
chemicals of  the  same  general class,  or in combination  or  independently,  will  be
addressed.  The  interactive  effects  of  characterized chemical  mixtures  will  be
investigated.

     Epidemiological  studies  will  be  planned  to  help   resolve  the human  health
issues facing EPA.  Such studies will be initiated, however, only after feasibility
of the  approach  has  been demonstrated  and  suitable  study populations  have  been
identified.   These studies will   primarily  be  performed in cooperation  with  other
agencies.  The quality assurance  and exposure assessment aspects of epidemiological
studies will  be strongly emphasized.

     Provide  Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in  Complying  with  Drinking  Water  Regulations.Th~edrinking waterinfectious
disease burden, both epidemic and endemic, in the  U.S. will  be determined through
disease surveillance and  analysis activities and epidemiological  study.   Technical
assistance wil1  be  provided to the  Center  for Disease Control  (CDC),  States, and
municipalities in investigations of waterborne disease outbreaks.

     Toxicological data will  be  provided to ODW to  develop guidance for States on
the potential  health   effects  related  to  the  exposure of  chemicals  in  drinking
water^and—ground" water sources.   This  data  is  needed  for Health  Advisories and to
define groundwater  associated  health  risks.   Dose-response  characterizations
will be made  using  both  J_n_ vivo  and  J_n_ vitro methods,  and  sensitive  populations
will be defined.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $9,349,800  and 68.5 total  work-
years to  this program  of  which  $3,630,700 is  under Salaries  and Expenses  and
$5,719,100 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development  appropria-
tion.

     Provide  Health,  Monitoring and  Engineering  Data  Necessary to Develop  and
Revis~ Drinking  Hater  Regulations.The program currently focuses on:(1)  study
of the  health effects  of  specific chemicals  designated  by  ODW  for  regulatory
decisions; (2) research on the toxicology  of alternate disinfectants and disinfec-
tion byproducts  to  support  revisions  of  the  trihalomethane  (THM) standard;  (3)
research to  improve  and  validate methods  of extrapolating data to improve  risk
assessments, with particular  emphasis  on initiators and  promoters  of  carcinogene-
sis.  A study of the feasibility of conducting drinking water epidemiology research
is also being initiated.

     Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist  States and Municipalities
in Complying with Drinking Mater Regulations.Health research  under this objective
supports the development of Health Advisories  for  guidance in  emergency  contamina-
tion episodes or  spills.   The ODW  has  developed a series of  Health Advisories  to
provide guidance  for exposures  that can  be  tolerated for  various  time  intervals.
Chemicals of  interest  include  chlorinated phenols,  chlorinated benzenes,  and  fuel
oil s.
                                     DW-17
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     Health research is aimed toward designing the most  cost-effective  methods  to
identify and evaluate  outbreaks  of water-borne infectious diseases to help  States
improve their reporting.   Assistance is  provided to  determine  the cause of  out-
breaks and recommend remedial action.  This activity is  carried  out  with the  CDC.
The results from this  activity are  used  not  only to identify and  stop  the  trans-
mission of  disease  from  common   water  sources  but   also  to help contribute  to
improvements in  standards  and treatment  processes by  identifying the  magnitude
of the waterborne  disease  problem.   Improved  investigation  and  reporting methods
are being published in  1984, based  on the  results  of  specific projects  undertaken
i n three states.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     There is no change from the  amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a total of  $8,440,000 and  56.8 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $2,698,600 was under the Salaries  and  Expenses appropri-
ation and $5,741,400 was for extramural  purposes  under the Research and Development
appropri at ion.

     Provide the Health. Monitoring and Engi neen'ng Data Necessary to Revise  Drink-
ing Water Regulations.   In  1983,  toxicologicalstudies focused  on  cari nogenicity,
mutagenicity and target  organ  toxicity  for chemicals found  in  drinking water  or
used in  the distribution  system,  e.g.,   2,  4  dichlorophenol,  haloacetonitri les,
organotoxi ns, and coal  tar  and  asphalt  paints.   The currently  available  health
effects data on disinfectants and disinfectants by-products  were summarized  in the
proceedings of the  first  international   symposium on this   subject.   Studies  on
the role  of waterborne  asbestos  in causing  gastrointestinal   cancer  have  been
completed.

      Provide Health and Engi neering Information to  Assist  States and Municipali-
ties  in Complying with Drinking  Uater Regulation.  Technical assi stance was  provi-
ded to States and municipalities  on  a continuing  basis.   Health effects personnel
participated in investigating several waterborne disease  outbreaks involving viral
gastroenteritis and   gi ardi asi s.   Toxicity  studies  on the  aqueous components  of
gasoline, kerosene and  fuel  oils  were conducted.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $5,396,300 supported by  59.3  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $2,950,400 is  for  Salaries and  Expenses and  $2,445,900
is for  Research  and Development.   The increase  of $161,500  in the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  reflects an expansion  of  research  on microbiological  prob-
lems of  water  distribution systems.  The decrease of $1,381,500 in  the  Research
and Development  appropriation  results largely  from the  completion of  funding  of
cooperative research with the water utility industry.

     Provide the Health, Monitoring  and Engineering Data Necessary to  Develop   and
Revise Drinking Water Regulations.   Work  will  continue to fully  evaluate treatment
processes for  removal   o?  organic,  inorganic,  and  microbial  contaminants.    This
research will provide the  ODW  with  a data  base for the  next  triennial  revision  of
the National Primary Drinking Water  Regulations  (NPDWR).   Cost  data  will also  be
compiled for  unit  processes and  treatment to  do  cost-effectiveness analyses  of
proposed treatment systems.
                                       DW-18
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      Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
 in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations.Thisresearchwillfocusontech-
 nology which will assist  water  utilities  in complying with drinking  water  regula-
 tions with particular emphasis  on the needs of  small  systems.   Areas  included  are:
 (1) maintaining microbial  quality in distribution systems, (2)  treatment technology,
 and (3)   control  of  corrosion  and  unwanted  additives.   Research  will  determine
 factors  which contribute to deterioration  of water quality in  distribution systems,
 methods  for controlling these factors and evaluations of technologies  for  removing
 volatile organics and pesticides.   Studies will be conducted  on conditions  affect-
 ing corrosion  and  its  prevention,  and characterization  and  control   of  unwanted
 additives from treatment  chemical  residuals  and coating  of  pipes  and  other  water
 contact  surfaces.

 1984 Program

      In  1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total of $6,616,300  and 59.3 total  work-
 years to  this  program  of which   $2,788,900  is  under  the Salaries  and  Expenses
 appropriation and $3,827,400  is  for extramural  purposes  under the  Research  and
 Development appropriation.

      Provide  Health, Monitoring  and  Engineering  Data Necessary to   Develop   and
 Revise Drinking Hater Regulations"Work in  the treatment area  includes evaluations
 of processes for removalof  volatile organic  compounds,  pesticides and other  or-
 ganics,  and radionuclides.   Work  on inorganics removal  is  concentrating on  field
 testing  of various treatment  systems with different  raw waters and under  a  range
 of flow  capacities.   In the  microbiological  area, evaluations  are  being  conducted
 on the effectiveness of treatment processes, disinfection, and  other  factors  which
 contribute to microbial  deterioration in distribution  systems.

      Provide Health  and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
 in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations.   The majority of  violations  of drink-
"ingTfirtBr~regutations  occur  in small  systems  (less than 10,000 population).   The
 emphasis is  therefore   on technology  which  is  appropriate   for   small   systems.
 Research is being conducted on  processes for removing  organic,  inorganic and parti -
 culate contaminants  with emphasis  on groundwater  supplies.  Research  is addressing
 the causes of  corrosion in water distribution  systems  and methods  for prevention
 and control.   Cooperative  research  with the water  utility  industry will begin  in
 the areas  of  treatment   of  regulated  contaminants   and  improved  drinking water
 quality  in distribution systems.

 1984 Explanation  of  Changes from the Amendment

      There is  no  change from  the amendment.

 1983 Accomplishments

      In  1983,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $7,165,000 and  65.4  total workyears
 for this program  of  which  $2,980,700 was under  the Salaries and Expenses Appropria-
 tion and $4,184,300  was for extramural purposes under the  Research  and Development
 appropriation.

      Provide   Health,  Monitoring and   Engineering   Data   Necessary  to  Develop   and
 Revise  Drinking  Water Regulations.   Research  ffi  1983  emphasized high priority
 areas in support of new and revised drinking water regulations.   These areas  included
 the evaluation  of treatment techniques  for the  removal of volatile organic contami-
 nants (VOCs),   of  disinfection  by-products,  and  of  inorganic  contaminants   from
 drinking water.   Specific  outputs  were  reports  on  laboratory  and   pilot plant
 removing VOC's,  on field  experiences  for  removing  organics  by granular activated
 carbon (GAC)  including GAC reactivation,  and  on the  economics  of  water treatment
 processes.
                                      DW-19
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     Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations.ResearchTn1983evaluatedtech-
nologies to help  water utilities and  regulatory  agencies achieve  compliance  with
drinking water  regulations  in   cost-effective  ways.   Specific  outputs  included
reports on  removing  trihalomethane  precursors, on establishing corrosion control
methods for a  city's water  supply  and an initial evaluation  of effects on  water
quality of lead  leaching  from pipe  solder joints, and on the  stability  and  effec-
tiveness of chlorine disinfectants in water distribution  systems.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $4,608,900 supported by 24.5  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $1,170,700  is for Salaries and  Expenses and $3,438,200
is for  Research  and  Development.   This reflects  an  increase of $63,500 and  a de-
crease of  $289,500 respectively.   The decrease  results from the  completion  of
funding for the study of Temik  in Florida and  the  completion of projects to develop
methods for determining  the quantity  of  subsurface  microorganisms.  The  addition
in Salaries and Expenses reflects an increase  of in-house support costs.

     Provide Scientific  Methods and Data for  Protection  of  Groundwater   Resources.
This research willsupport groundwater protection efforts  in  a number  of program
offices including  Drinking Water,  Solid Waste,  Superfund, Pesticides  and  Toxic
Substances, as well as  State and local efforts.   Although the  research  is directed
toward providing  widely  applicable  prediction tools,  these  tools will  in  most
cases be specifically applicable to improving  the  implementation of the  Underground
Injection Control program and protection of underground  sources  of drinking  water.

     In order to  provide  the scientific bases for regulatory  and  management deci-
sions on  the  protection  of underground  sources   of  drinking  water,  research  is
focusing in the  following three areas:   (1)  improved  methods  for determining the
transport and transformation of  contaminants  in   the  subsurface;  (2)  methods  for
predicting the  behavior  of pollutants  in  aquifers  based on  subsurface  (site-
specific) characteristics  and   pollutant  characteristics;  and  3)  evaluation  of
aquifer in situ reclamation methods.

     In the transport  and  fate  area, acceleration of research  in  1984  will  permit
the study of the  interrelationship between biological  and non-biological  processes
affecting groundwater quality in  1985  in  order to include  this  data in predictive
models.  Specific attention will be given to  the interaction of injection materials
with geologic materials,  which  could affect transport  and tranformation processes.

     In the in situ aquifer restoration area,  resources  will be increased  slightly
in order  to~b~egin pilot  scale  evaluation  of  methods  judged  feasible and  cost-
effective in  1984 laboratory  studies.  Process  parameters  will  be selected  and
optimized  based  on  understanding of subsurface processes gained  in our transport
and fate research program.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating a total of $4,834,900  and 24.5  total  work
years to  this  program,  of which $1,107,200  is  under the   Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $3,727,700  is  for  extramural  purposes  under  the Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Provide Scientific Methods  and Data for Protecton of Ground Water   Resources.
A number of parameters  have been identified which provide  information  on  the fate
and transport of contaminants   in  ground  water.   Research  will  be  developing and
evaluating improved methods  for using  these parameters (for example, oxidation re-
duction potential)  in  assessing  groundwater  contamination.   Such technology  is
                                        DW-20
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available for  surface  water,  but  not  for  ground  water.   The effects  of  well
materials and  sampling  methods  on  these parameters  is  being  evaluated.   Support
for  information   transfer  activities,  specifically  the  National    Groundwater
Information Center  and  the  International  Ground  Water  Modeling Clearinghouse  is
provided.  Laboratory studies  are investigating  how  organic chemicals  and  patho-
gens of  concern  behave  in the subsurface.   This area is  supplemented  by  research
in the Hazardous  Waste  decision  unit.   In  the  in  situ  aquifer  reclamation  area,
methods and data  are  being developed to  determine  the costs and applicability  of
practices which have  the  potential  for  success.   Research will also be  conducted
on the effects of the contaminant Temik in Florida ground water.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change  from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total  of $4,420,600  and 20.5  total  workyears
for this  program  of which $990,900  was under the Salaries and  Expenses Appropria-
tion and  $3,429,700 was for  extramural  purposes  under the  Research  and  Development
Appropriation.

     Provide  Scientific Methods  and Data for Protection of Groundwater Resources.
An articlewas  publishedon  "BiologicalTransformation of  Organic Pollutants  in
Ground Water."  The Sixth  National Groundwater Quality Symposium, entitled  "State,
County, Regional,  and  Municipal  Jurisdiction  of  Groundwater  Protection,"   was
held.  The  Third  National  Symposium  and Exposition  on  Aquifer Restoration  and
Groundwater Monitoring was  also  held.   A number of  short training sessions  were
conducted for EPA Region,  State,  and EPA headquarters Personnel  on  the  utilization
of groundwater models.
                                      DW-21
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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

DRINKING WATER                                                                DW-1

    ABATEMENT X CONTROL
       Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	    DW-23
       Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	    DW-28
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	    DW-29
          Underground Injection Control Program Grants	    OW-31
          Special  Studies S Demonstrations	    DW-32
          Trai ni ng	    DW-33
       Drinking Water Management	    DW-34
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	    DW-36
          Underground Injection Control Program	    DW-39
                                       DW-22
-------
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                                   DRINKING WATER


                 Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of  $10,185,200  supported  by 103.5 total  workyears
for 1985, an increase  of $1,921,200  and  3.0 workyears from 1984.  Included in this
total is $5,640,000 for Salaries and Expenses and $4,545,200 for Abatement, Control
and Compliance.

Program Description

     This activity  represents the entire Headquarters  component  of  the drinking
water abatement and control program.   This involves the following:

     Regulations Development and Review:   EPA has the responsibility  to  review and
revise the  existing  NationalPrimary Drinking  Water Regulations  (NPDWR)  in  light
of latest  scientific   and  field  evidence  and,  as  necessary,  to  augment existing
regulations with standards  for newly identified  contaminants.

     Complementing enforceable  primary drinking water  regulations are health  ad-
visories.  They  are  used  principally to  guide  State  and  local authorities  in
deciding the course of action to take  in potentially health-threatening  situations
by providing  quantitative  limits  for transient  exposure.   Together,  regulatory
standards and  health  advisories serve as  benchmarks for  public health  protection
not only  for  drinking  water  supplies but also in   other environmental  programs.

     The Agency also has the  responsibility  for  establishing Underground Injection
Control (UIC)  program  regulations   for  preventing   contamination  of  underground
drinking water  sources by  well   injection  of  fluids.  The Safe  Drinking  Water Act
(SDUA) prohibits all underground injection  that  has  not been sanctioned  by  appro-
priate EPA  or  State regulations.  Regulations  detailing the minimum requirements
for operating programs were promulgated  in 1980.

     National  Stewardship of PWS and  UIC  Programs:   National  program  direction  for
the Public  Water  Systems Supervision (PWS) and Underground  Injection Control  pro-
grams is provided  by   Headquarters to  assure consistency  and  progress in  meeting
the goals of the SDWA.

     Ground-Water Protection:   The need  for ground-water  protection  is  a  growing
national concern highlighted by  the  increasing number of ground-water  contamination
cases being discovered by  the Agency's  hazardous waste  cleanup  efforts and  by the
water systems.  (About 80% of the top priority  Superfund  sites have contaminated
ground water.)  States and  communities  frequently  call  upon  the laboratory  and
technical  services  capacity   maintained  for  standards  development  to  assist  in
identifying, assessing,  and   controlling  contamination  of  public  water  systems
which poses a  human health  risk.   As cleanup  activities are  expanded  under  the
Hazardous Waste and Superfund programs to find and  confine  contamination sources,
more threats to drinking  water supplies  will  likely  be discovered.   This  will
increase the demand for such advisory services.


DRINKING WATER CRITERIA,  STANDARDS AND  GUIDELINES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of  $10,185,200  supported by  103.5  total workyears,
of which  $5,640,000 will  be  for the   Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and
$4,545,200 will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.   This
                                      DW-24
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represents an increase of  3.0  workyears  and $471,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, which reflects  an Agency adjustment  of personnel  costs.   The  in-
crease of $1,450,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation supports
an increased effort  in evaluating the health effects of both  regulated  and unregu-
lated contaminants  and a  study  on  surface impoundments  and  their  contamination
potential.

     Revision of the National  Primary Drinking  Water Regulations will  continue  to
be the focal  point  of  regulatory development efforts during 1985.  In  early  1985,
we expect to complete the  first  phase of the revision with  the proposal of maximum
contaminant levels  (MCLs)  for  volatile  organic  contaminants (VOCs)  followed  by
promulgation late  in the  year.   EPA will  promulgate  final  Phase  II  recommended
maximum contaminant  levels  (RMCLs)  and  simultaneously propose MCLs  in late  1985.
The final phases  of revising  the NPOWR,  Phase III (radionuclides)  and  Phase  IV
(disinfectant by-products  including  trihalomethanes) will  still  be  in the  early
stages of development  in  1985.   EPA  will  propose  RMCLs  during 1985 for   Phase
III.

     In addition, we will  continue  to complement the enforceable primary drinking
water standards  with health advisories  developed  from toxicological  information.
The demand for health  advisories has  increased  as the Agency's program  to clean  up
hazardous waste sites revealed  a  large number of unregulated contaminants in ground-
water supplies.  These  health  advisories  contain the  best scientific  information
on the health  risk.   With the increase  in  resources the  program will  enhance  the
scientific content  of  advisories  ensuring evaluation  for long-term  chronic,  as
well as  short-term,  exposures.  These  advisories  will then  better  support  their
use as criteria  for  emergency  response  and remedial  management decisions  in  other
environmental programs.

     The drinking water program will be faced with the challenge  of  the first year
of full national implementation  of the UIC  regulations.  EPA expects to be respon-
sible for full  or partial  programs  in  29  States and  for  most programs on  Indian
lands.  The program emphasis shifts  from delegating  primacy  programs  and developing
nonprimacy programs  to  program implementation.   The highest  priority  will  be  to
provide the guidance, and support  necessary  so that Regions  and  States  can implement
effective programs.  We  will  also continue  to  develop and exercise oversight  to
assure the adequacy of Regional and  State programs.

     In both the  UIC and  PWS  programs,  the Agency  will  continue to  collect  and
analyze compliance data  as well  as  compiling the  data into a  national report  on
progress of the  program  in meeting  the  goals of the Safe Drinking Water Act.   The
Agency will   sponsor  a  followup  study  of   surface  impoundments   to  determine  the
potential risk to ground water posed  by  the  various  types of  surface impoundments,
the feasibility and  cost of  their  control, the  effectiveness of  existing and pro-
spective State programs,  and the ability of  existing and potential  Federal regulatory
frameworks for dealing with such  problems.   The study will  also address surface dis-
posal of brine generated  during oil production.  Following completion  of this  study,
the Agency will  begin  analyzing the data  gathered  and  move forward  as warranted.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  a  total of  $8,264,000  supported  by  100.5
total workyears  for  this  program,  of  which  $5,168,800  is for  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $3,095,200 is for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  Extramural  funds  support  projects to  assemble the  latest  toxicologi-
cal information  on  contaminants  of  concern, to compile  data on  human  exposure  to
waterborne contaminants  which  may  support  new  primary  standards, to collect  data
on treatment technology,  performance  and cost, and the financial impact of regulatory
requirements, to provide analytic support and technical  expertise  to address ground-
water contamination  issues,  and  to  support   activities  for  developing   health
advisories.
                                       DW-25
-------
     Phases I and II of the development of  Revised  National  Primary  Drinking  Water
Regulations are  the focus  of the  program  in  1984.   Prior to  proposing Phase  I
RMCLs in February 1984, the Agency  continues to analyze  comments  received from the
workshops and scientific  data  to determine  health goals.  The Agency  is  reviewing
all comments  on the RMCLs,  as  well  as completing the  technology  and  monitoring
documents and the  Regulatory  Impact  Analyses,  in  anticipation  of  proposing  MCLs
in early 1985.  The Agency  will  propose RMCLs  for Phase  II in late  1984.  A  sepa-
rate proposal will also be  prepared  for fluorides based  upon the  Surgeon  General's
report as  part   of  the Phase II  revisions.  For  Phase  III  (radionuclides)  the
Agency is  about to begin  sampling  for the  radionuclide and inorganic  occurrence
survey prior to proposal of RMCLs and MCLs.  Finally, the Agency  is  reviewing  work
of the  research and development program  for  Phase  IV  regulations.  In  addition
to the  revisions  to the  drinking  water regulations, the  Agency  will continue to
develop health  advisories   which apply to  contaminants  not covered  by  existing
regulations.

     Because UIC delegation of primacy  did  not  proceed  as rapidly as  anticipated,
processing the remaining primacy  applications continues to be an  important  activity.
By the end  of 1984, we expect to  have approved  a total  of  28 full  and  8 partial
State programs.    The   Agency  will  also .operate  Federal  programs  in  nonprimacy
States and on several  Indian  lands  beginning in  March 1984.  We  will  also propose
regulations for  additional direct implementation  programs.

     In addition to oversight  activities,  the Agency's  concern with environmental
effects of Class I  (deep injection) wells has led to a study of 21 sites  to deter-
mine the extent  and magnitude  of the problem.  The Agency will begin  to  structure
a study  on surface impoundments which will  assist in  determining  their overall
contamination potential.  Meanwhile,  we are  continuing  to  provide  staff support
to the  Deputy  Administrator  in  the  development  of  the  Ground  Water  Protection
Strategy.  The Agency  is working on  final revisions to its Strategy, which focuses
on building State  institutional  capabilities,  assessing  major unregulated sources
of contamination  such   as   surface  impoundments   and  leaking  underground storage
tanks, creating  a policy for increased consistency and coherence  among EPA programs
protecting ground water, and improving EPA's institutional capability  by designating
organizational responsibility. 	  	 	  	  _	


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the  amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated $8,017,000 supported  by  103.6 total   workyears
for this program, of which  $5,353,700 was  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropri-
ation and $2,663,300 was  for  the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.
Regulation development  and  review  activities  were  conducted on  various  phases  of
developing revised primary drinking water regulations.   As part of Phase  I (VOCs),
the Agency completed the  Ground  Water  Survey,  summarized comments  on the Advance
Notice of Proposed  Rulemaking  (published  in March  1982),  and  conducted  workshops
where EPA solicited comments and ideas  on  issues  connected with the  regulation  of
these contaminants.  Supporting documentation (14 occurrence and exposure documents,
nine health effects  criteria  documents, draft  technology and  cost  document,  and
draft analytical methods  document)  were  prepared.   The proposed RMCLs  for   VOCs
were developed and reviewed within  the Agency.

     The ANPRM  for  Phase  II  was  signed  by the  Administrator  in late  1983,   one
public workshop  was conducted,  and three  more  were  scheduled  for  1984.  Initial
development of  the  RMCLs  began  with  the  completion of  various  support  documents
and studies.   A  comprehensive  two-year national   survey  for inorganics and radio-
nuclides was developed  as the  first step  in the  revisions  for  Phases II and  III.
                                      DW-26
-------
     Health advisories were prepared for six additional  chemicals.   In  the  additives
program, the  Agency  reviewed  approximately  250  petitions,  published  the  first
edition of the National Academy of Science  Codex,  and  prepared a notice to  solicit
for third party certification of additives.

     By the end  of  1983,  the Agency  had approved  12 full  and 7 partial  State  UIC
programs.  In  addition,  the Agency proposed  in the Federal  Register Federal  UIC
programs for certain  nonprimacy  States and  Indian lands.  PWS  primacy was  dele-
gated to one Territory,  Northern  Marianas,  for the PWS program bringing  the  total
to 51.   In  the PWS  program, seminars  were  held on data  management  as  part  of  an
overall effort to provide  for  more accurate  and up-to-date compliance data.   The
Agency also  initiated  an  assessment  of  PWS  direct implementation  programs   both
in the States and on Indian lands. Technical  assistance was provided  to the States
through the development of  sanitary survey training manuals, a compendium of  State
management practices,   operator  certification  materials,   and  treatment  guides  for
small water  systems.   Staff support  was  provided  to  the  Deputy Administrator  for
the development of an  Agencywide Ground Water  Protection Strategy.

     The Agency's Ground  Water Task  Force reported to  the  Administrator  on  the
extent of ground-water contamination,  the  roles and relationships among  State  and
EPA programs,  inconsistencies  among  existing  EPA  programs  affecting ground-water
quality, and unaddressed  sources  of  contamination.  The  Task  Force arrayed alter-
native actions EPA  might  take to  improve  its  effectiveness  in each of these areas,
leading to the selection  of a proposed  strategy.
                                       DW-27
-------

































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                                   DRINKING WATER


                  Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $34,950,200  for the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation  of  which  $27,450,000  is  for  the Public  Water  Systems
Supervision Program (PWS)  Grants  and $7,500,200 is  for  the Underground  Injection
Control Program (UIC)  Grants.

Program Description

     The intent of  the  Safe Drinking  Water  Act is that  States  should assume  the
primary role for  implementing and enforcing  the drinking  water and  the  underground
injection control  regulations. Federal financial assistance, in the form of grants,
is provided to States to  develop  and maintain these programs.  To be eligible  for
grants, States must have primary  enforcement  responsibility.

     Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants  — The  program  provides grants
to States which have been delegated primary  enforcement  authority for  implementing
a Federally approved PWS  program.   EPA may also use the  funds  allotted to a  non-
primacy State to  defray the  cost of Federal  implementation  of  the program.   The
funds used by  EPA also support  travel associated with  Federal  implementation  of
the programs.

     Underground  Injection Control Program Grants —  This program  provides  grants
to support  StateactivitiesTnimplementingthe  Underground  Injection  Control
program.  As with the PWS  program,  EPA may use the funds allotted to a  nonprimacy
State for program  implementation and  travel  associated with support activities  in
nonprimacy States.

     Special  Studies and Demonstrations— This program includes resources  for  the
National Rural  Water Association  for training and technical  assistance  to  operators
of small rural  water systems.

     Training —  This  program includes funds  for  fellowships to  State  personnel  in
the public  water  systems  supervision and  underground  injection  control  program
areas and for academic  grants.


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION  PROGRAM GRANTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  $27,450,000-  for Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  ap-
propriation for public  water  systems  supervision  grants.  There  is no  change  from
1984 in the  funds requested  to  support  this  program.  These funds  will  support
programs to  supervise  the  application of primary  drinking water  regulations  by
public water systems in all  57 States and Territories, and  on  Indians  lands either
by the primacy States  or by EPA in nonprimacy States.

     During 1985  primary emphasis will  shift from compliance by  larger systems  to
improving the  compliance  rate among  small   systems, particularly  in  instances  of
violations posing serious health threats.  States will conduct sanitary  surveys of
these systems to  identify  potential  or existing  problems and to evaluate  the  as-
sociated risks.  In the course of these surveys, the  States  will  conduct  reviews of
the files (general, chemical, and bacteriological files), self-monitoring  reports,
                                      DW-29
-------
complaints against the  systems,  and monthly operating and  monitoring  reports;  in-
vestigate the  supply,  treatment,  and distribution facility;  sample  (as  required);
notify systems  of  findings; and  follow  up to determine if progress is  being made
and provide technical  assistance  as necessary.  In cases  of  persistent  violations
where no progress is indicated, the States will initiate formal enforcement activi-
ties.  Another  major 1985 activity  will  be the revision  of programs  to include the
development of  laboratory   capability  to  support  implementation  of the  volatile
organic contaminants regulations and to strive toward full  compliance with existing
regulations.

     In addition to these  priority  activities, the grants  will  support  activities
to maintain existing programs including data management and compilation of required
annual reports,  preparation of grant  applications,  development of  program plans,
financial management activities, and emergency response.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating  $27,450,000  for  public  water systems  supervision
grants to 57  States, Territories  and Indian lands  under  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation.   Fifty-three  States are  receiving grants (one  develop-
mental grant  to  Pennsylvania),   and  EPA  is  using   the  funds  allocated  to  the
remaining States for  EPA direct  implementation  activities.  The grant  funds  sup-
port basic  PWS programs, including such  activities  as  laboratory  certification,
on-site evaluations in  cases of persistent  violations of  regulatory requirements,
and initiation  of  enforcement  actions  as  necessary.   The  States  are  working  to
bring the  systems  in  violation  of  the  trihalomethane maximum  contaminant  levels
(MCLs) and  monitoring  and  reporting  requirements   into  compliance.   They  are
working toward  improved  compliance  among  small  systems  by developing  State  com-
pliance strategies and  goals.   These strategies  will  provide  for  a  State-specific
compliance target,  particularly focusing on  small  systems  with serious violations.
The strategies  acknowledge  that  the  small  systems  are  usually  under  financial
constraints and offer alternative methods for achieving and maintaining compliance.
The State  agencies  also make  their  expertise   available  in   implementing  these
strategies.

     The grants  also   support  management  activities  such as   fiscal   management,
program planning, employee training, and emergency response.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     The Agency  obligated  $27,654,600  under the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance
appropriation for public water  system  supervision  grants to  the  57  States  and
Territories.  The Agency's   general  grant  regulations  allowed  EPA  to  use  grant
funds allotted to nonprimacy  States for direct  implementation activities.   Grants
were awarded to  primacy  States,  and EPA used  the  funds  allotted to  the  nonprimacy
States for implementation of the Federal  programs.

     State programs  focused  on achieving  and  maintaining  compliance  among  public
water systems.  Data indicated that the large  systems  were  generally in  compliance
while many of the smaller  systems were facing  major  problems.   These small  systems
are typically the ones  with  financial constraints  and  limited experienced  personnel.
To improve compliance among  these systems the States provided guidance and assistance
in determining causes and corrective actions  for MCL  violations.   Where  corrective
action was not taken or  no  progress made,  the  State  agencies  initiated enforcement
actions.
                                      DW-30
-------
     The grants  also  supported  management  activities  such as  program planning,
financial management,  implementation of regulatory changes,  employee training, and
response to contamination incidents.


UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS

1985 Program Request
                                         i
     The Agency  requests  $7,500,200 for grants  under the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation.  There is  no  change  in the funding level of  the  program
from 1984.  The funds will support  implementation of  underground injection  control
programs for all 57 States  and Territories  and  Indian  lands.  EPA will use  grant
funds allotted to  nonprimacy States to  support  direct implementation  activities.

     Fiscal year 1985 will  be the  first  full  year  of  implementation  by both EPA
and many  of  the States.  With the  completion of the developmental phase  of the
program, emphasis will  be redirected to support such activities as permit  review
and issuance,   assessment  of Class  V (miscellaneous  injection)  wells,   witnessing
mechanical integrity tests,  and  compliance monitoring.   The States and EPA will
conduct on-site  inspections  of wells,  following up  on  recalcitrant  violators of
permit conditions and  initiating enforcement  actions as necessary.   In the area
of permit  reviews,  highest  priority is placed  on review and  issuance   of  permits
for existing Class  I  wells   (those  which may  inject  hazardous  waste) and existing
Class III wells  (which  are  used to  extract minerals).   Following  the  issuance of
these permits, the States and EPA will be encouraged  to process  applications  for all
new oil and gas  wells (Class II) in  order to prevent  the disruption of  oil  produc-
tion.

     The grant funds also support other activities such as program  planning,  finan-
cial management, employee training,  and response  to  emergencies.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating  $7,500,200 "for  grants  under  the'Abatement,   Control
and Compliance  appropriation to support  implementation of underground injection
control programs  in  all  57  States and Territories  and on Indian  lands   either
directly by the States  or by EPA in nonprimacy  States.  The States and  EPA are at
various stages  of  program implementation.   States  with primacy  are  issuing per-
mits for  existing  Class I and  III  wells  and new Class II  facilities,   conducting
assessments of Class V wells, ensuring  closure  of Class IV wells  (those  that  inject
into an  aquifer),   witnessing  mechanical  integrity  tests, reviewing   compliance
monitoring, and conducting surveillance and  inspection of permitted wells.

     EPA is not  beginning full program  implementation  in  nonprimacy States  until
mid-1984.  At  this  time, we  are  establishing  the  administrative and  procedural
framework for  program implementation and  beginning  review  of permit applications,
assessing Class  V  wells, and  initiating the  closure  of   Class  IV wells.    These
Class IV wells must be  closed  within six months  after promulgation  of the program.
Both the  States  and EPA  are  required to maintain  inventory data  and   compile an
annual report  of monitoring  and  compliance  data.  The States and  EPA also  provide
for emergency response capability.


1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.
                                       DW-31
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     During 1983 the Agency  obligated  $7,039,000 under the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation to  support  underground  injection  control program  grants.
The major  grant-supported activity  was  the  review  of  existing State  laws  and
regulations and preparation  of  regulatory  and  statutory  amendments  in  order  to
conform to Federal  regulatory  requirements  for program  delegation.   Nineteen  State
programs were approved  for primacy by the end  of 1983.   Activities in  these  States
centered around establishing permit programs (and issuance of  permits), initiating
Class V  inventories,  and  ensuring the  closure  of  Class  IV  wells.    Training  was
also provided to well  operators  on  the  requirements of the UIC program.  EPA  used
the funds allotted  to  nonprimacy States to perform aquifer mapping, inventory  up-
dates, data management, and training.

     State-specific programs  were  also  developed for  each Federal  implementation
program and were published in the Federal  Register on  September 2, 1983.


SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS

1985 Program Request

     No funding is  requested  for 1985.   The  Agency  believes that the National
Rural Water Association has demonstrated the effectiveness of  grass  roots training
and technical assistance programs to benefit small  systems and that  the individual
State associations should be able to move toward self-sufficiency through the  use
of organizational  dues and training  fees.


1984 Program

     The Agency is  allocating  $1,900,000 for  grants  under the Abatement,  Control
and Compliance  appropriation  to support  the training and  technical assistance
activities of  the  National  Rural  Water  Association.    The  National  Association,
through 31  State   associations,   provides  guidance  and  instructions to   public
water systems  on   determining   compliance,   problem solution,  and  prevention  of
future problems.  Five  State associations  are  working  closely with  Indian  Nations
and the  Indian  Health Service in  developing training  programs  focusing  on  water
systems on Indian  lands.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     The Agency obligated  $1,900,000  for grants  under  the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation  in  support  of  the  National  Rural  Water Association's
outreach program.   Each of the  31 State  associations  conducted at  least 12  work-
shops where  operators  of  small  rural  water  systems  were  provided training  and
guidance on complying with the Safe  Drinking Water Act.   In addition  to  training,
the State  associations  responded to   an   estimated  10,000  technical assistance
requests from  rural  systems.  Five  State  associations  provided  training designed
specifically for Indian lands.
                                       DW-32
-------
TRAINING

1985 Program Request                                                                                -

     No funds are  requested  for this  program in  1985.   The  Agency believes that                 ™
there are  sufficient   opportunities  for -State  personnel  to  obtain  training  in
environmental and public health fields  without Federal  support.

                                         1
                                         I
1984 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating $200,000 for  grants  under the Abatement, Control  and
Compliance appropriation to provide for training of State  Agency personnel.  These
funds will provide  training in  the  form ,of  fellowships  to State Agency personnel
in areas  related  to public water  systems  supervision and  underground  injection
control.
                                         i

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     During 1983 the  Agency  obligated  $200,000 for  grants under  the Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation.   The funds  supported  academic training  for
108 State  agency  personnel.   Of these,  10 went  to State  personnel  directly  in-
volved in  State UIC  programs  and the remainder  provided training  to  employees
directly involved in State PWS programs.
                                      DW-33
-------
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                                    DRINKING WATER


                             Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of $9,640,100 supported by  261.9  total  workyears
for 1985 for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   This  represents an increase
over the 1984 level  of  $1,153,100  and  10.0  workyears,  reflecting increased efforts
in Underground Injection Control (UIC)  permitting in nonprimacy States.

Program Description

     This subactivity,  which  consists  of two major  Regional  programs, encompasses
EPA Regional efforts to prevent and  control the  contamination of drinking  water
supplies and their sources.              ,

     Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance — This  program  consists
of Regional activities  related  to  national  implementation of  drinking water  regu-
lations.  The Regional  Offices  provide oversight  and  support to primacy  States
in administering  public  water  systems  supervision  (PWS)  programs and  implement
programs in those States which do not have primacy and  on Indian lands  where States
do not have civil jurisdiction.  The Regions assist  States  where specific problems
are identified,  evaluate  State programs,, and  award the  PWS  grants.    The  Regions
continue to respond  to  contamination incidents  which may potentially  affect public
water supplies.

     Underground Injection Control  Program —  This  program  consists  of  Regional
activities related to  theprotection  of underground  water sources.    The  Regions
are responsible for  ensuring  implementation of  the Underground  Injection  Control
Regulations, either  through oversight  and  assistance to primacy  States  or  Federal
implementation in nonprimacy States and on Indian lands.  They are also responsible
for review of sole  source  aquifer  designatioji  petitions.   Grant awards for the UIC
program are also" administered  by" the" Regions.


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $4,999,700 for Salaries  and  Expenses supported  by  132.4
total  workyears   for  this  program.  This  represents  an  increase  of   $300,500  in
the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation over  1984 to  reflect an Agency  adjust-
ment of personnel costs and a  decrease  of  $20,000  in  the  Abatement,   Control  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During 1985,  we expect to delegate primary enforcement  responsibility to  two
additional  States, bringing the total  to 54.  EPA  will  negotiate with  each  State
specific annual  targets for reducing the violation  rate.   Although  the PWS  program
has a high rate  of  compliance  with existing standards  and  reporting  requirements,
the systems remaining out  of  compliance tend to be small systems,  either recalci-
trant  or clearly  lacking  the  ability to comply.   EPA has  issued  a national  com-
pliance strategy  which  urges  States  to rank  violations  and  address  them  in  a
systematic  fashion.

     While the Regions continue  to  encourage the remaining States to  assume primacy,
they also will  be responsible  for implementing  Federal  PWS  programs  in  three States
and on Indian lands.  Federal  programs will  focus on compliance with  microbiological
and turbidity maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) as well  as  monitoring and reporting
requirements,  particularly among small  systems.  The Regions will  focus on informal
enforcement measures to assure  compliance   including  site  visits.   Recalcitrant
                                      DW-35
-------
violators will be referred for formal enforcement action.  The Regional Offices will
also work with the  systems  in  implementing and improving compliance  with  trihalo-
methane (THM) regulations.  EPA  is  allowed use of the PWS grant funds  allotted  to
nonprimacy States for conducting program activities.

     The Regions are  also  responsible  for  oversight  of primacy States, which  will
include working with the States  in  achieving increased compliance particularly for
microbiological  and turbidity MCLs and for  the inorganic and radionuclide standards.
As part  of  this effort,  the Regional  Offices  will  negotiate  compliance targets
with States and  follow up to ensure that the States are making progress in  achieving
their goals.  They  will  guide  and  assist  States  before the  actual  implementation
of the  volatile  organic  compounds  regulations as  well  as  certify the  necessary
laboratories for conducting required analyses.

     The Regions will  respond  to contamination of  public  water supplies, usually
by a  ground-water  source located in the vicinity  of hazardous  waste  sites.   They
will take an active role in these situations  by working with the States in  gathering
information, assessing  the  health  impacts,  and  establishing  the  necessary EPA
groundwork to develop an EPA and State response.  The  Agency will negotiate an  action
plan with  the  States  which  will  delineate  cleanup  responsibilities  and  time
schedules.  At the same time, they will make available to the States  and  utilities
their services and expertise on  determining health effects  and levels  of contamina-
tion, investigating pathways of contamination, and advising  on the proper procedures
to correct the situation.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is allocating a total  of $4,719,200  supported by 132,4  total  work-
years for this program,  of which $4,699,200 is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appro-
priation and $20,000  is  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.
We expect one  additional  State  to  assume  primacy during  1984  for a total  of  52
primacy States.   EPA will implement the program on  Indian lands and  in  the  remaining
five nonprimacy  States.   The Regions  are  continuing  to work  with these nonprimacy
States to encourage their assumption of primacy.

     The Agency  is  emphasizing  increased  compliance  in  nonprimacy States,  parti-
cularly among small systems.   They are focusing on decreasing the number of persis-
tent violations  of microbiological  requirements and  chronic  violations of  inorganic
and radiological   requirements.   The Regions  are  conducting informal  enforcement
activities (phone calls, letters, on-site visits)  in  an  effort to achieve  increased
compliance.  Enforcement actions are being initiated when no action has been taken
or progress is  not  being made.  In addition,  the Regions  are working  toward  full
compliance with  the THM  regulations by providing  guidance and technical assistance
to those systems having problems meeting the regulatory  requirements.   Information
and experience gained during  implementation will be used by  Headquarters in revising
the THM regulations during Phase IV  of the  regulatory process.  Other  activities  in
nonprimacy States include certifying laboratories, preparing  inventory  updates and
preparing annual   reports.   The  Agency uses  the  PWS  grant  allotments of the  non-
primacy States to support these activities  in the  nonprimacy  States.

     Regional oversight  activities are focusing on State  compliance  rates  to  deter-
mine the  effectiveness  of the programs  and on progress  in  meeting  environmental
goals.  The Regional  Offices  provide technical assistance and guidance  to the  States
in implementing the  THM regulations  as  well as  in  identifying specific  problems
and corrective actions in emergency  situations.  They also  ensure proper management
of the grant program.

     The Regions are  responsible for  planning, implementing, and evaluating  State
program activities as part of Regional management  responsibilities.   Responsibili-
ties include providing input into the development of  National policies  and regula-
tions, and  responding to  Congressional  inquiries   and  citizen  complaints.  The
                                       DW-37
-------
Regions also  are  assessing underground  and  surface water  contamination  incidents
which may affect public  water  supplies,  advising  programs  on  precautions  necessary
to protect  public  health,  and  coordinating  activities  with  Superfund  and  other
emergency response programs  at  the Regional,  State,  and local levels when  public
water supplies are involved. They are working with the National program in  providing
health advice  on  the toxicology of  unregulated  contaminants   identified  in  public
water supplies.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$290,500 results from the following  actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$290,500) Several  reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   These
changes resulted in a net  increase  of  +$24,600 to the  Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and a  net  increase of +$20,000  to  the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was mace moving all non-program specific  "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  Support program element.  This  reprogramming
to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling -$335,100,  was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     During 1983 the Agency obligated $4,622,300 supported by  130.9 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $4,458,600 was for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation
and $163,700  was  for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.   The
program continued to  support  State activities aimed at assuring  implementation  of
drinking water regulations.  The Region VII office  worked  closely  with Iowa  in  the
transition period before  it  returned primacy  to the State.  The  Agency also dele-
gated primacy to the Northern Mariana Islands, bringing  the total  number of primacy
States and Territories to 51.  EPA was  responsible for  implementing programs  in  the
remaining nonprimacy States and on Indian lands.

     In the six nonprimacy States and on Indian  lands, Regional activities focused on
assuring compliance among small  systems.  The Regions  emphasized compliance efforts
in those systems which persistently  violated monitoring  requirements  or that posed
serious health threats.   They conducted sanitary surveys,  which  are the primary means
of technical assistance to systems with  water quality problems.  When violations were
detected,  the Regions  issued warnings and initiated formal followup.  They also main-
tained and analyzed data  on  compliance.   They assisted community  systems  with  MCL
violations in an effort to help solve individual  problems.  Other activities included
preparing annual   reports  on the  program's progress, updating inventory   data  and
providing  technical  assistance and guidance as requested,  and  developing strategies
for delegating the PWS program to  the remaining nonprimacy States.

     Regional  overview of  primacy  States  focused  on  State program accountability
to foster improved compliance.  Regions  provided assistance to  States  in  verifying
the accuracy of their data systems.  Approximately  half the States have  also  prepared
compliance strategies. Regions  also reviewed and approved State grant  applications,
conducted  on-site reviews of State activities,  and conducted audits of  State grants.

     Regional  management   activities  included  the  administrative  and compliance
support for both  primacy and  nonprimacy  States  such  as  responding  to  Congress-
ional  inquiries and  citizen complaints  and  analyzing  nationwide  compliance data
for inclusion   into  annual  reports.   They  provided assistance  to the States   in
revising their programs  to  include any  regulatory updates.   Coordination of  the
PWS program with other related programs  at the Regional and State levels was expanded
to ensure  adequate protection of drinking water sources in the event of contamination
incidents.
                                      DW-38
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UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $4,640,400  supported by  129.5  total  workyears under  the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  an increase  of $872,600  and  10.0 workyears
over 1984.  The increase will support increased UIC permitting  in nonprimacy  States
by EPA in 1985 as well  as an Agency adjustment for  personnel  costs.

     Agency activities related to the protection of underground sources  of  drinking
water are divided  into the  following  areas:   oversight  of States with  primacy  for
UIC programs, implementation of programs in nonprimacy States, designation of  sole
source aquifers, and Regional management.

     Oversight of primacy States will  include  reviewing  State  activities to  ensure
program consistency and to  evaluate environmental progress on  ground  water protec-
tion.  The  Regions  will  review annual  State  compliance and monitoring reports  to
assess compliance with  the regulations as well  as identify problem areas  and provide
technical assistance on mechanical  integrity  testing and  permit application review.

     Direct Federal programs in  nonprimacy  States  will   be  in  the first full year
of implementation.  During 1985 Regional activities will focus on  reviewing  permit
applications for existing Class  I  and  III wells  (deep injection  and mining), which
present the  greatest  danger to  underground  sources of   drinking water, new Class
II wells  (oil   and  gas),  witnessing  mechanical   integrity  tests,  and assessing
Class V  wells  (miscellaneous)  to  determine  the need  for  regulation.   They will
monitor compliance  reports  and provide assistance to the  operators  as necessary.
In cases  of serious non-compliance  or where  no action  is  being  made  to correct
deficiencies, the Regional  Offices will initiate  enforcement  actions.   They will
maintain inventory data  and prepare  an annual  report of State  activities.  As  in
primacy States, they will begin  to conduct  a technical   review of program  require-
ments to determine  if  regulatory  changes  are needed.   The  UIC  grant  funds will
partially support these nonprimacy State activities.

     In addition  to protecting  underground  sources of  drinking water from con-
tamination caused by  improper  injection practices, the  Agency is responsible  for
designating and protecting  sole  source aquifers from contamination.  During 1985,
the Agency  expects  to  designate  three  aquifers as  sole   sources  of drinking  water.
The Agency  is  also responsible  for  ensuring  that  Federally financed  projects  in
the recharge area  of  a  sole source  aquifer  will  not  potentially contaminate  the
designated  aquifer.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  $3,767,800 supported by 119.5 total workyears
to this program  under  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  During the  second
half of 1984 the Agency will begin implementing Federal  UIC  programs  in nonprimacy
States and  programs on  Indian  lands.   In  addition to ensuring  the  implementation
of the  UIC  regulations,  the Regions  are responsible  for  implementing  the  sole
source aquifer  program,  providing  coordination of  ground-water  activities,   and
conducting  Regional management activities.

     The Regions also are continuing to  process the remaining State primacy  applica-
tions and are negotiating with States on program plans and implementation  activities.
For those States  with  primacy, the Regional  offices are reviewing compliance  and
monitoring  reports  and  providing  guidance  and assistance on  mechanical integrity
testing and technical  program requirements.  They are reviewing  the States'  annual
report data and  processing  the  information  for compilation  into the  annual  report
of program  accomplishments.  They are also  responsible  for  managing  the  State
grant program,  which  includes  review of program plans,   negotiating changes, grant
award, and  grant audit.
                                       DW-39
-------
     In the direct implementation programs,  activities  are focusing  on working  with
facility operators to  notify them  of the  UIC requirements,  issuing  permits  for
existing Class  I  and III  and  new Class  II   facilities  (in  order  to prevent  the
disruption of oil  and  gas  production).   Another  major  activity  will  be  ensuring
that Class  IV wells are properly  closed  within  six  months  of promulgation  and
initiating the  assessment  of Class V  wells  to determine regulatory need.  Other
activities will  include updating inventory  data and  witnessing mechanical  integrity
tests.  The Agency  is  using the  Underground  Injection  Control grants allotted  to
these nonprimacy programs to support its  implementation  activities.

     The Regions will  continue  to process applications  for sole source  aquifers.
We anticipate three  designations  during   1984.   The Agency  is reviewing  proposed
Federally financed projects on sole source1 aquifers to ensure they will not  endanger
the sole source aquifer.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of  -$332,100 results  from the  following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$332,100)  A   reprogramming was  made  to   this   activity
which was not reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   This
change resulted  in a net increase of  +$25,000 to  the Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation.

     An additional  reprogramming was made moving all  non-program  specific  "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  Support program  element.  This  reprogramming
to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling -$357,100,  was included in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September  29,  1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     The Agency  obligated  $3,458,600  supported  by 100.6 total workyears under  the
Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation^   The_funds  were  used _to support activities
related to the protection of ground water."  ~  	""

     During 1983,   the  program  focused   on  processing   primacy applications.   The
Regions worked  with  the   States  in developing  their programs, negotiated  changes
and processed final  applications  to Headquarters.   The  Regions  also  managed  the
UIC grant program  and  provided  guidance  and  assistance  in  response to technical
aspects of the  program to those States which  had already been delegated  primacy.

    The Regions  developed  State-specific nonprimacy programs  which were  proposed
in the Federal Register  on  September 2,  1983.   The Agency  conducted  inventories  of
existing wells,  provided   for the  mapping of  aquifers,  and ensured  that the  proper
procedural framework for  implementation  activities  such  as the  permit  process
and Class V assessment  were established.

     The Regions  continued to  review  petitions  for aquifer  designations.   They
also reviewed a limited  number  of  Federally  financed  projects to  ensure no  con-
tamination potential  exists.
                                       DW-40
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1985 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE
DRINKING WATER                                                                DW-1
    ENFORCEMENT
       Drinking Water Enforcement	    DW-42
                                      DW-41
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                                   DRINKING WATER


                             Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of  $1,374,500  supported by 34.7 total  workyears
for  1985 for this  subactivity  under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   This
represents an  increase of  $260,700  and  5.0  workyears  from  1984.   This  program
element includes both Headquarters and Regional resources.

Program Description

     The Safe Drinking Water Act  (SDWA) charges EPA to establish minimum requirements
for  programs to assure that all drinking water supplies are free from contamination
and  to  protect  underground  sources  of drinking  water from  contamination  arising
from unsafe  injection  practices.   The  Act,  however,  clearly  intended that  the
States would be responsible for enforcing these programs.  Should a State be unable
or unwilling to do so, EPA would assume the responsibility.

     Drinking Water Enforcement —  This program  encompasses enforcement  for  two
Agency programs.

     The Public Water Systems  (PWS) Supervision program is responsible for assuring
the  implementation of the drinking water regulations either by oversight of primacy
States or  by  direct  implementation  in  nonprimacy  States  and  Indian  lands.   The
enforcement activities associated with this program include providing legal  support
against violators  of  the  statutory  provisions  in  nonprimacy  jurisdictions.   As
part of this, the Regions are responsible for developing the technical and supporting
documentation for enforcement actions, providing expert testimony, and participating
in negotiations with  violators.   Other  enforcement  responsibilities  include  review
of primacy applications for conformance with enforcement requirements and developing
critical data relating to  emergency  actions  in the  face_ of imminent health hazards
under Section 1431 of the SDWA.

     The Underground  Injection Control  (UIC) program is  responsible  for preventing
the  contamination  of underground  sources  of  drinking water  by  unsafe injection
practices.   The enforcement program participates in  the  review  of  primacy  applica-
tions, ensuring that  all  enforcement  requirements  are  met.   In nonprimacy  States,
activities center  on  working with the drinking water  personnel to develop  Federal
programs for nonprimacy States and  Indian  lands,  reviewing permits for administra-
tive and legal  considerations,  initiating  enforcement actions against  violators,
and  providing assistance in emergencies  as  necessary.


DRINKING WATER  ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of  $1,374,500  supported  by 34.7 total  workyears
for this program for 1985 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   This  increase
of $260,700 and 5.0 workyears over 1984  will  cover permitting activities associated
with the  full   implementation  of  the  UIC  program  in  nonprimacy  jurisdictions.

     During 1985 enforcement activities  in  the PWS program will  focus on compliance
with microbiological   and  turbidity  maximum contaminant levels, particularly  among
small systems.   As  part of  this  compliance effort, the  enforcement program  will
work with the  drinking water  program personnel  in negotiating compliance  targets
and schedules  with the  systems   in  violation of  the maximum  contaminant  level.
They will  continue to  supply  the technical  support in legal  actions  taken  against
                                      DW-43
-------
recalcitrant violators.  This  will  include  developing  the technical  and  support
documentation for  cases  referred to  EPA's  Office  of  Enforcement  and Compliance
Monitoring and ultimately  the  Department  of Justice, as  well as providing  testi-                   >
mony.  They  will  provide  support for cases  referred  by State authorities if  they                  I
choose to pursue violations under Federal  law.                                                       ™

     Regional enforcement  activities   for  the  UIC   program  will   focus   on  the
administrative aspects of  permit  issuance in nonprimacy jurisdictions.  This  will
involve the administrative  review of the application, working with the drinking water
personnel on the review of the technical aspects, conduct  of  hearings  as  required,
and issuance of  the  final  permit.  They  will  review  compliance reports to  ensure
adherence to the  regulations  and,   as  necessary,  initiate  enforcement   actions.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is allocating  $1,113,800  supported  by 29.7 total workyears  during
1984 in the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  The  enforcement program is working
closely with the drinking  water  program in implementing the  compliance strategies
for public water systems  supervision programs  and  with the  States in developing
compliance targets and providing  alternative ways which  compliance  can  be  achieved
and maintained especially  for  small  systems.  They  are  conducting  the  enforcement
aspects of  Federal  programs  in   nonprimacy  States  and Indian  lands, initiating
formal enforcement proceedings against  recalcitrant violators,  preparing the back-
up and technical  documents  for the Office  of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring,
and providing testimony  in support  of  the  cases.  They are  also   responsible for
reviewing the enforcement section of primacy applications.

     During 1984, the Regions are beginning  implementation of UIC programs in  non-
primacy States and  Indian  lands.   Activities  focus  on  reviewing  the  legal  and
administrative aspects of  UIC  permits  to  be issued.    Regions  will be initiating
formal enforcement actions  against operators not complying  with  the  UIC regulations
and reviewing additional primacy  applications.   To  ensure  adequate  provisions for    -----
enforcement of the program, the Regions  are assisting  in the development of Federal
programs for programs not delegated  to the States during 1984.
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$16,800 results  from  the  following  action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$16,800)  A  reprogramming  was  made moving all  non-program
specific "support1  type expense dollars into the Regional  Support program  element.
This reprogramming  to  Salaries and  Expenses,  totaling -$16,800, was included  in
a reprogramming letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $785,500  supported  by 21.7 total workyears  for
this program  under  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.  During  1983,  EPA
referred nine  civil  actions  for violations of the  Safe Drinking Water Act to  the
Department of Justice for filing and prosecution.

     Drinking water enforcement activities also  included  participation  in  develop-
ment activities for the Federal UIC programs  for  nonprimacy States and  Indian  lands
and review  of  draft and  final  UIC  State  program approval applications.   Nineteen
programs were approved by the end of 1983.
                                                                                                    A
                                      DW-44
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                               HW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Waste Research	     HW-8
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Waste Management Regulations,  Guidelines and Policies	     HW-25
          Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste	     HW-27
       Fi nancial  Assistance	."	     HW-31
          Hazardous Waste Management  Financial Assistance to States	     HW-32
       Waste Management Strategies Implementation	     HW-35
          Hazardous Waste Management  Regulatory Strategies Implementation.     HW-36
    ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Waste Enforcement	     HW-41.
                                      HW-1
-------





































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-------
                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE

OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     Subtitle C  of  the Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act of  1976  (RCRA),  as
amended, provides the legislative mandate  for  the  Federal  development  of effective
national programs to  regulate  hazardous  wastes from  generation,  through transpor-
tation, storage,  or treatment,  to  disposal.   RCRA  also imposes  significant  civil
and criminal penalties  for  failure  to comply with Federal  requirements.   The RCRA
program is  designed to  respond comprehensively  to  the  environmental  and  public
health problems  caused  by hazardous  wastes.   It does  this  through regulatory deve-
lopment, State  program authorization, permit  issuance,  enforcement,  and  research
and development.

STRENGTHENING THE REGULATORY PROGRAM

     The Agency's  strategy   for the  hazardous waste  program  involves  regulating
those wastes  or  processes  that are not  currently  covered  or  are  inadequately
covered under existing  RCRA  regulations.   It provides national guidance and over-
sight to the Regions  and  States for  implementing the  hazardous waste  program,  and
it includes reviewing  and revising  existing hazardous waste  regulations  for areas
that provide the greatest environmental  benefits.

     The Agency  promulgated  the core RCRA regulations between May 1980  and July
1982.  The  regulations establish  lists  and  characteristics  of hazardous  waste
(Section 3001);  generator  and   transporter  requirements  (Sections 3002  and  3003);
financial responsibility,  interim  status, and  technical  permitting standards  for
new and  existing storage,  treatment, and  disposal  facilities  (Section  3004);  and
requirements for State programs and permitsJSections  3005 and 3006).

     Since promulgating the  core regulations, the  Agency has  embarked  on an inten-
sive effort to   finalize  the hazardous  waste  regulatory  program.   However,  gaps
still exist in  the  coverage of the  RCRA  hazardous  waste program.   To  fill  these
gaps, the Agency is reviewing  additional  listings of hazardous  wastes,  focusing
particularly on  the organic  chemical industry.   The Agency   is  re-examining  the
small quantity  generator  exclusion.  It  is  also  undertaking the  following  major
new regulatory  efforts  in 1984 and  1985:   Waste  oil;  boilers  burning  hazardous
waste; restricting certain wastes from land disposal;  and air emissions from hazar-
dous waste facilities.  The Agency will also  begin the remaining  RCRA  Section 8002
large volume studies in 1985.

     The Agency  will  propose land  disposal liner  standards,  promulgate  regulatory
amendments for  liquids  in landfills  and  class permits for  storage  facilities,  and
propose amendments for  underground  tanks  and miscellaneous hazardous  waste  stand-
ards.  Regulatory impact analyses to  support  these  efforts will identify potential
areas for  increased  program  effectiveness  and  cost  savings.   The  preliminary
findings of a  recent survey,  undertaken  to develop  data bases to support  regulatory
impact analyses,  suggest  that  as  much  as 150  million metric tons  of  hazardous
waste were generated in 1981,  compared  to previous annual  estimates of  40 million
metric tons.

DEVELOPING STATE PROGRAMS

     One of the Agency's  highest RCRA  program priorities  in  1984  and 1985  is  to
authorize States  to operate their  own  hazardous  waste  programs  in  lieu of  the
Federal regulatory program.   State  programs  are authorized  in phases:  Phase  I  -
manifest and interim  status  standards;  Phase  IIA  - permitting tanks,  containers,
and piles; Phase IIB  - permitting  incineration facilities;  and  Phase  IIC  - per-
mitting land disposal  facilities and  surface  impoundments.   The Agency has already
granted interim  authorization  to  States   and  Territories  whose  programs  provide
substantially  equivalent coverage to that  of the RCRA  regulations.
                                        HW-3
-------
     State programs  became eligible  for  full authorization  in  January  1983.   In
accordance with RCRA  statutory  requirements,  interim authorization will  expire  in
January 1985.   States  with interim  authorization  must receive  full  authorization
by that date  or the responsibility to  operate  their hazardous waste program  will
revert to  EPA.   However,  States  which  miss  the  deadline can continue  to develop
programs for  full  authorization  at  a later date.   The Agency assists  the States  to
upgrade their program  capabilities  to  meet Federal  standards.   It  also provides
guidance on development  of applications for full  authorization and approves  State
applications.  By  the  end  of  1985,  the  Agency estimates 40  States to be fully  au-
thorized and  an  additional 11 States will  have applications under Agency  review.

     In addition to program development guidance, the  Agency will  continue to pro-
vide financial  assistance  to  States to encourage  them to accept and to implement
their own hazardous waste  program,  as  RCRA envisions.   If States do not  have  in-
terim or full authorization, the Agency  must administer the RCRA  program.  However,
since Agency  policy  encourages  State participation  even  prior  to  authorization,
Cooperative Arrangements allow  States  to  operate  parts   of the RCRA   program  on
behalf of the Agency and to receive financial  assistance.

ISSUING RCRA PERMITS

     The issuance  of environmentally  sound  permits  is another major RCRA priority.
The ultimate  success  of RCRA rests  on  national progress  in  permitting  treatment,
storage, and disposal  facilities.  In 1982, the Agency, in cooperation with interim
authorized States, began processing permits for storage and  treatment of hazardous
wastes in tanks,  containers,  and piles.   However, when  the permit  standards  for
incineration and land disposal facilities became effective,  the Regions  and  States
shifted their permitting emphasis  to  incineration  and  land  disposal   facilities
because of their  greater potential  for  adverse environmental impacts.   By the end
of 1983, EPA and the States had made final  determinations  on  over  500  permit  appli-
cations.  The Agency  estimates  that  an additional  1,400 permit actions will  be
completed by the end of 1985.

IMPROVING RCRA COMPLIANCE

     The Agency's compliance strategy places priority on inspecting  major hazardous
waste handlers.   These  major  handlers  include  all   facilities  required  to  comply
with ground  water monitoring requirements;  incineration  facilities:;  and  selected
storage and treatment  facilities,  generators, and transporters.  During these  in-
spections, EPA and the States will focus on evaluating  compliance with  the interim
status standards with  special emphasis on  ground water  monitoring,  closure/post-
closure plans, and financial assurances.

     EPA and  States will expand their  compliance  monitoring programs in  1984  and
1985 to  include  activities which support  the  permit  program  such  as  pre-permit
inspections and  initiating enforcement  actions  if  these facilities  are  out  of
compliance with  the interim status standards.   In  addition, EPA and  the  States  will
enforce against  late  and/or incomplete permit  applications  and  violations of  re-
cently issued permit conditions.

     EPA and the  States  will  work to reduce  the  number  of  significant  violations
through an increased emphasis  on issuing Compliance and Administrative  Orders  and
assessing consistent  penalties  nationwide.   Where  States  lack the  authority  to
assess penalties, EPA may intervene using federal  authority.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

     The research  and  development  program  provides the scientific  and  engineering
basis for characterizing wastes,  determining  the  specific problems  they  represent,
and formulating the controls  necessary  for  their proper management.   Research also
plays a  key   role  in   implementing  the  program  at  the State  level  by providing
information and technical  assistance to permitting and enforcement officials.   It
                                       HW-4
-------
also supports responses for  cleaning  up  and removing spills of hazardous  substan-
ces.  More specifically, the research  program is  organized  to achieve  the  following
objectives: Developing the tests  and  procedures  needed  for  characterizing  wastes;
developing technical  data needed to support treatment, storage, and disposal  regu-
lations; developing technical data to  support permitting and  enforcement  actions;
developing the techniques  and  equipment   needed  to prevent  and  contain  hazardous
spills; providing quality assurance for  sample  collection  and  analysis  activities;
and conducting the assessment  and control  research  necessary  to address  dioxin.
                                       HW-5
-------
                                    HAZARDOUS  WASTE
     Program Activities
Actual
 1983
           Amendment/
 Budget     Current                 Increase*
Estimate    Estimate    Estimate    Decrease-
  1984        1984        1985     1985 vs.  1984
     RCRA Standards
     Proposals and
     Promulgations	      10          15*          16

     Section  3001
     Listings Proposal  &
     Promulgation	       2—6

     Implementation
     Guidances	      17          20           15

     Reports  to Congress.      ~          —           1

     States with Hazardous
     Waste Grant/Coopera-
     tive Arrangements...      51           56           51

     States with
     Authorization:
      Phase  I only	      25           7           15
      Phase  I and  II.....      16          25           21
      Full	      --          18           11

     Compliance Monitoring
     Inspections:
      EPA	   3,873**     1,085          915
      State	  12,874      10,320       11,970

     Permit Call-Ins:
      EPA	     758         325***       774
      State	     594          --          276

     Permits  in Process:
      EPA	   1,132         500***     1,652
      State	   1,052          --        1,038

     Final Determinations:
      EPA	     249         575***       342
      States	     295          --          395
                                      22



                                      11


                                      20

                                       2



                                      51
                                      40
                                   1,399
                                  12,236
                                     137
                                     205
                                     918
                                   1,377
                                     294
                                     440
                                       +6



                                       +5


                                       +5

                                       +1
                                      -15
                                      -21
                                      +29
                                     +484
                                     +266
                                     -637
                                      -71
                                     -734
                                     +339
                                      -48
                                      +45
  *Includes listing actions

 **Includes Cooperative Arrangement  State  inspections

***Nationwide permit estimates
                                            HW-6
-------
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                               HW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Waste Research	    HW-8
                                       HW-7
-------





























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                                  HAZARDOUS  WASTE


                              Hazardous  Waste  Research


                                                         Amendment/
                                                         Current
                                              Actual      Estimate       Estimated
Major Outputs/Milestones                .       1983         1984           1985

Develop Techniques and Procedures to
Characterize Wastes and Listing and
Other RCRA Regulatory Activities

     - Prepare health and environmental         9/83          9/84           9/85
       effects profiles for specific
       chemicals (Scientific Assessment)

     - Prepare hazard profiles for specific     9/83          9/84           9/85
       chemicals (Scientific Assessment)

     - Evaluate inductively coupled plasma                   9/85           9/85
       technique (Monitoring)

     - Provide research support on final                    10/86          10/86
       evaluation of prescreen protocol
       (Health)

Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support
RCRA Treatment, Storage and Disposal  Regula-
tions

     - Evaluate the volatile organic  industry                9/85           9/85
       stack sampling train (Monitoring)

     - Prepare report on synthetic liner       9/85          9/86           9/86
       design, operation and maintenance
       for waste management facilities
       (Engi neeri ng)

Develop Technical Data and Methods
Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting
and Enforcement Activities

     - Prepare draft report on evaluation       9/85          9/85
       of existing alternative systems  for
       hazardous waste treatment
       (Engi neeri ng)

     - Prepare hydrogeological                 12/85         12/85
       protocol or deternri ni ng the
       suitability of a site for
       waste disposal  (Environmental
       Processes)
                                      HW-10
-------
                                                         Amendment/
                                                         Current
                                              Actual      Estimate       Estimated
Major Outputs/Milestones                        1983         1984           1985

Develop Techniques & Procedures to
Prevent & Contain Hazardous Materials
Releases

     - Field evaluate biological                             9/85           9/85
       protocol  for assessment  of
       hazardous releases
       (Environmental  Processes)

Conduct the Assessment and  Control
Research Necessary to  Address  Dioxin

     - Prepare guidance for exposure and                     7/84           9/85
       risk assessments from dioxin
       (Scientific Assessment)

     - Prepare report  on  the use of UV                       9/85           9/85
       photolysis and  APEG  reagents on
       di oxi n-contami nated  soils
       (Engineering)
                                     HW-11
-------
                                  HAZARDOUS  WASTE


                              Hazardous  Waste  Research


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $34,756,700 supported by 227.5 total workyears
for 1985, an  increase  of $2,454,900 and 20.9  permanent  workyears  from 1984.  In-
cluded in this total is  $13,147,300 for Salaries  and Expenses and $21,609,400 for
Research and  Development,  with  increases of  $2,434,700  and  $20,200 respectively.
The increases  occur  mainly  in  the monitoring  systems and quality  assurance and
health effects program  elements,  respectively.  These increases  will  support the
validation of  waste  characterization  methods  for  li sti ng/deli sting  decisions and
accelerate the development  of an inexpensive battery of health tests for screening
wastes for li sting/deli sti ng purposes.

Program Descri pti on

     The Resource  Conservation  and  Recovery  Act   (RCRA)  authorizes  a regulatory
program to identify those  wastes  which pose  a  substantial hazard  to human health
or the  environment,  and management standards  sufficient  to  prevent  such  harm.
Research funded through this program provides  the  scientific  and engineering basis
for characterizing and determining  the  extent  of  the problems and for  formulating
controls.  Section 311  of  the Clean  Water  Act of 1977  (CWA)  and  its amendments
also mandate  some  of  the  research  conducted  under this  program,  specifically the
hazardous materials release efforts.

     Objective!.   Develop   Techniques   and  Procedures to  Characterize  Waste for
Listing and Other   RCRA Regulatory   Activities^  Section  3001  of RCRA requires that
the Agency designate  hazardous wastes  and the  characteristics  of  wastes  which
cause them to be  hazardous.   Research  under this  objective  develops analytical
procedures and techniques  required  to characterize  a waste and assess the hazards
posed from exposure that  will  be used  for  li sti ng/deli sti  ng decisions by the Office
of Solid Waste.

     Objective 2.   Develop   Technical  Data  Necessary  to Support RCRA  Treatment,
Storage and Disposal  Regulations.Section 3004 of  RCRA requires the Agency to pro-
mulgate regulations and  establish performance standards for the treatment,  storage
and disposal  of hazardous waste  as  may be  necessary to  protect  human health and the
environment.   Research  under this objective develops the  engineering and technical
data necessary to support  the Agency in the development  and  revision  of hazardous
waste regulations.

     Objective 3.   Develop   Technical  Data  and Methods Necessary to  Support  RCRA
Permitting and Enforcement  Activities.   Section 3005 of  RCRA  requires that  aTT
hazardous waste treatment,   storage,  and disposal  be conducted  in accordance with
operating permits.   This research  provides  the necessary data  and  techniques for
permit writers to  assess  permit  applications  and  provide enforcement  officials
with legally defensible sampling and analysis procedures  and  information to ensure
compli ance with permits and agreements.

     Objective 4.   Develop  Techniques  and  Procedures to Prevent  and Contain  Hazar-
dous Materials Releases.  Section  311  of the Clean  Water  Act mandates Spill  Preven-
tion Control  and  Countermeasure (SPCC)  plans be prepared  for all facilities engaged
in the  production,  storage,  refining,  processing  and  distribution  of hazardous
materials, and that the  Agency maintain  an emergency  support  program.  Research
support! ng this objective  assesses the most cost-effective technology and scienti-
fic techniques available for  prevention  and control  of releases of hazardous sub-
stances so that emergency  response  personnel can direct countermeasure  operations.
                                       HW-12
-------
     Objective 5.  Provide  Quality Assurance  to  the Hazardous Waste   Program.  A
quality assurance program is  being  conducted  to provide a scientific data base of
known quality to  support  RCRA regulatory  activities.   The  program includes  a re-
pository of  calibration  standards,  reference  materials  and  solutions  and on-site
evaluations of contractor laboratories.

     Objective 6.  Conduct the Assessment and Control  Research  Necessary to Address
Pi oxiTTDue to discovery of numerous instances of dioxi n-contaminated  soils,  fish,
and wastes in  various  parts of the  United States, concern is increasing  about the
magnitude of the  dioxin  problem  in  this country.  Research  supporting this objec-
tive will determine  the nature  and extent  of di oxi n  contamination in the  U.S.,
evaluate the potential  for human  and environmental  effects,  and determine  the  effi-
cacy and costs of potential  control  technologies.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $1,831,500  supported by 21,1 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,020,000 is  for  Salaries and Expenses  and  $811,500 is
for Research and Development.  This reflects a decrease of $40,900 in  Salaries and
Expenses, a decrease of $168,900  in  Research  and Development, and  a  decrease of 2.5
total workyears.   These resources were transferred  to  the interdisciplinary program
to consolidate ORD's efforts to develop uniform  risk  assessment guidelines.   Simi-
larly, hazardous spills research  was transferred to the Superfund  program  where the
work is more appropriately carried out.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes for  Listing  and  Other
RCRA Regulatory Activiti e"s^   Health  effects assessments will  be prepared at varying
levels of detail  for specific  chemicals  or hazardous  waste  sites.   These  may  range
from detail ed,  exhaustive  assessments  on  a  particular  site through summarized
assessments leadi ng to  determinations  of  "Acceptable Daily Intakes,"  accompanied
only by a brief explanation.  Assessment methods developed in 1984 will be revised
to reflect recent developments in toxicology and  exposure evaluation.  Of particu-
lar concern will   be developments  in the  areas  of metabolism  studies and prediction
of physical  and chemical  parameters  from chemical  structure.  Also, to  correct fre-
quent limitations in transport and fate  assessments, critical physical  and chemical
properties wi 11 be obtained  for compounds contained in hazardous wastes.

     Conduct the Assessment  and Control  Research Necessary to Address  Dioxin.  The
ri sk assessment methodology for hypothetical  exposure  situations wi 11 be compl eted.
Risk assessment models  for  other i somers also  will be developed.  The most   toxic
i  somers will be used in  chronic  and subchronic animal testing to determi ne ti ssue
distribution, and simple neurologic  and  reproductive  endpoints.   The  birth weight
and childhood cancer rate studies will continue in  an  effort to determine  if di oxi n
exposure is   statistically  correlated   with   abnormalities  in  these  parameters.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is allocating  a total  of $2,041,300 and  23.6 total   work-
years to this program,  of which $1,060,900 is  for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $980,400 is for extramural  purposes  under the Research and Development
appropri ation.

     Develop Techniques and  Procedures to Characterize Wastes for  Listing  and  Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities.   Ongoing support  activities include the preparation of
Health and  Envi ronmental  Effects Profiles  (HEEP)  for approximately   one hundred
chemicals to support regulatory  office  listing decisions  and preparation  of  other
health assessments  at   different  levels  of  detail   as  needed   by the  program.
                                      HW-13
-------
     Develop Technical Data and Methods  Necessary  to  Support  RCRA  Permitting  and
Enforcement Activities.   Health  risk  assessments  are  being  modified  to  reflect
recent developments in toxicology and  exposure evaluation.  Of  special concern will
be developments  in  the  areas  of  structure-toxicological  activity  relationships,
metabolism studies,  prediction  of  physical  and chemical  parameters  from chemical
structure, risk associated  with  less than lifetime exposure, and estimating exposure
from waste site vapors and  dust.

     Develop Techniques  and Procedures to  Prevent  and Contain   Hazardous  Materials
Releases.Ongoing support  activities  include  preparation  of approximately one hun-
dred health  summaries and  developoment of  chemical-speci fie  data  regarding  the
properties and health  hazards of substances involved  in spills for use by on-scene
personnel.

     Conduct the Assessment and Control  Research Necessary to Address  Dioxin.  Ex-
posure and risk  assessment techniques applicable to  2,3,7,8-dioxi n exposed popula-
tions are being developed and should be  completed  early in  1984.  A risk  assessment
technique for individuals  involved in specific hypothetical exposure  situations is
bei ng i niti ated.  An  effort  is also underway  in conjunction with  the Missouri
Health and Vital  Statistics  Department  to geographically  correlate  birth weights
and childhood cancer rates  with documented  2,3,7,8-di oxi n  levels.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase  of  +$169,500  results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammi ngs.   (+$169,500)  Several  reprogramnri ngs were  made to this activi-
ty which  were not  reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogramnri ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$169,500 to the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $1,447,700  and  18.4  total workyears
for this program, of which $832,300 was under the Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $615,400 was  for  extramural  purposes under the  Research  and Development
appropri ation.

     Develop Techniques  and Procedures to  Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities.  Tn  I9~8~3^Health  and Environmental  Effects Profiles
were updated for 48 chemicals and ten  Profiles were completed on chemicals not pre-
viously addressed to  support  the  listing  of  hazardous wastes under RCRA Section
3001.

     Develop Technical Data and  Methods Necessary to  Support  RCRA Permitting  and
Enforcement Activities.   In 1983, a symposium was held  to assess the  state-of-the-
art methods which have been and are being used in health risk  assessments for mul-
tiple chemical  exposures.   Results will  enable  use  of improved  methods in  risk
assessment to support  permitting and enforcement functions.

   "  Develop Techniques  and  Procedures  to  Prevent and  Contain Hazardous Releases.
In 1983, enforcement-related  health summaries  were completed for 30 chemicals like-
ly to be involved in accidental  release  situations.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $10,120,400  supported by 43.0  total workyears
for this program, of  which $3,905,000 is  for Salaries  and Expenses  and  $6,215,400
                                       HW-14
-------
is  for  Research  and  Development.   This   reflects  an  increase  of  $1,278,500 in
Research and Development, an increase of $1,005,900  in  Salaries and  Expenses and an
increase of 8 total workyears.   The increases will  support the continuing valida-
tion of  waste  characterization  analytical  methods  and validation  of  methods for
i nstack monitoring.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to  Characterize  Wastes  for Listing  and Other
RCRA Regul atory Activities^  Cost  effective  procedures for  characterizing wastes
wi 11 be accel erated.Obtaining  high  quality data will  be  emphasized as analytical
methods are  evaluated.   Where  proven methods  are  lacking  for  analysis  of   RCRA
wastes, new  methods  will  be evaluated,  such  as the  inductively  coupled plasma/
Atomic Absorption method for  contaminated soils.  Laboratory techniques to deter-
mine such characteristics  of  wastes as corrosivity, gas generation reactivity and
ignitability are also being developed.  Validation  of  the methods contained in the
publication "Test Methods for Evaluating  Solid Waste"  (SW-846) will continue.  New
ambient air monitoring techniques for rapid screening and identification of organic
air pollutants  such as benzene and toluene will  be developed.

     Develop Technical  Data Necessary to Support  RCRA   Treatment, Storage  and  Dis-
posal Requlati ons.  Fi el dmoni tori ngmethods  wi 11  conti nue  to  be  devel oped  for"
hazardous wastesite  investigations.   These  will  include  geophysical techniques
such as  downhole sensors,   vadose  zone monitoring,  and plume  detection  methods.
Evaluation of two methods for determining  the effectiveness of incinerators will be
accelerated.  These methods are the volatile organic industry stack sampling train
and semi volatile organic  stack sampling train.

     Develop Techni cal  Data and  Methods Necessary to Support   RCRA   Permitting  and
Enforcement  Acti viti es.   Analytical methods  will  be developed for  use in rapidly
identifying hazardous wastes  at  permitted  sites.  A  portable  x-ray   fluorescence
device will  be developed  for screening suspected  wastes.  A technique for  screening
organic compounds with infrared  spectrometry  will  be  evaluated.   Guidance will be
provided on the  selection  of  parameters which  will  reliably  indicate the presence
of hazardous  constituents  in groundwater during site operation and  post closure
mom'tori ng.

     Develop Techniques ancd Procedures to Prevent and  Contain Hazardous  Materials
Releases.   The  technology  and  remote monitoring techniques  requi red  to  support
Regional compliance programs will  be  applied.  Aerial  photo  analysis  will be  pro-
vided at a centralized  data gathering and  interpretation facility.   New methods and
techniques for  analyzing aerial  photos,  satellite imagery,  thermal  and multi spec-
tral data  will   be  developed for identification  of   spills  and  spill  movement.

     Provide  Quality   Assurance to the Hazardous   Waste Programs.  Evaluation and
distribution of  standard reference materials  will  be  continued.   The site labora-
tory performance evaluations effort started last  year will increase  and include the
preparation  of  performance  samples  for  submission to  the analytical laboratories.
The Dioxin Monitoring Program will  assure that  OSW  and Regions acquire analytical
data of known quality.

     Conduct  Assessment   and Control Research to Address Dioxin.   Dioxin research
initi ated in  1984 wi 11 continue to develop  sampling and analysis  guidance at the
parts per trillion or  parts per quadrillion level for di oxi n in air,  water,   soil
sediment and fish.   Guidance for additional  i somers  will also  be developed.  Issues
will include the use of high resolution methods,  their  sensitivity and  limitations.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $7,836,000 and 35.0 total  work-
years for  this program  of which  $2,899,100 is for the  Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and $4,936,900 is  for  extramural  purposes under the  Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.
                                       HW-15
-------
     Develop Techniques and Procedures to  Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities?  Procedures  for   efficiently  character! zi ngspeci fie
wastes and  criteria  and  tests  for determining if a waste  constitutes  a potential                  j
hazard continue to be investigated.   A protocol is being prepared and tested to de-                  I
termine the precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and  reliability of advanced analytical
methods when applied to  highly toxic wastes.   Methods  are  being  developed for de-
tection of organics in the ambient air around  waste disposal facilities.

     Develop Technical  Data Necessary to Support  RCRA Treatment,  Storage  and Dis-
posal Regulations.  Monitoring  research is exploring improved field methods.  Guide-
lines for  post-closure  monitoring of ground  water  and techniques  for  monitoring
soils, air, and biota are being developed.  Geophysical techniques are being inves-
tigated for hazardous waste  landfill monitoring, and  an extraction  procedure  for
use in determining the Teachability  of cyanide in wastes is being developed.  Vali-
dation of methods  for instack  monitoring  of  volatiles  and  semi-volati les  is being
initiated.

     Develop Technical  Data and Methods Necessary to  Support RCRA Permitting  and
Enforcement Acti vi ti es.   Screeni ng methods and  biological  monitoring  methods  are
being developed for use in identifying hazardous  wastes at permitted sites.  Remote
monitor! ng techniques will be investigated for use in  issuing  permits  and for  en-
forcement activities.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to   Prevent and  Contain Hazardous Materials
Releases.  Technology and related  remote monitoring techniques  required to support
Regi onal  compliance  programs  and  methods  necessary  to  provide  data to  on-scene
coordinators in emergency situations are being developed.  Centralized data gather-
ing and  interpretation  facilities are  applying  methods  and  techniques to analyze
aeri al photos.
     Provide Quality Assurance to  the  Hazardous Waste Program.  Evaluation of stan-
dard reference materials is continuing.   On-site laboratory performance evaluations
have increased and preparation of performance samples  are  being  submitted  to con-
tract and Regional analytical  laboratories.  The Agency's Dioxin Monitoring Program
is being  expanded  to  ensure that the data  collected  by the Program  and  Regional
offices are of known quality.

     Conduct Assessment  &  Control Research to  Address Dioxin.  A  methodology for
measuri ng dioxi ns  an3  dibenzofurans at  the parts  per  trillion  1 eve!  usi ng hi gh
resolution GC/MS is being developed.   Standard approaches for sampling and analysis
of 2,3,7,8  TCDD  and  other  chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxi ns in  environmental  samples
is being  investigated.   A  guidance document  for  managers  and analysts is  being
prepared for sampling and measuring  dioxin.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$150,400 results from the  following actions:

     -Reprogrammi ngs.   (-$150,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty whicfiwere not  reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in  a net decrease of  -$87,400 to the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net  decrease of  -$63,000 to the  Research and Development appro-
pri ation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the Agency obligated  a  total  of $7,127,700 and 27.9 total workyears of
which $3,108,000  was  under the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation and $4,019,700
was for  extramural   purposes   under the  Research  and   Development  appropriation.
I
                                       HW-16
-------
     Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize Wastes  for Listing and Other
 RCRA Regulatory ActivitiesTAnalytical methods were  evaluated  to determine their
 precision, accuracy, and reliability.   Studies  were performed to identify instru-
 ment operating conditions  and quality assurance requirements  for  the analysis of
 wastes.  Methods  for  use in  determining  whether  a waste is  hazardous  due  to  its
 flash point were evaluated.

     Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dispo-
 sal Regulations.   Research  was conducted  on techniques for detecting contamination
 before it  gets to the water table.  Geophysical  techniques (resistivity,  electro-
 magnetic induction, and  ground  penetrating  radar) to  detect  contamination  were
 evaluated.  Research  was conducted  on  how  to monitor  leachates  resulting  from
 ruptured synthethic and natural  liners.

     Develop Technical Data and  Methods Necessary  to  Support RCRA Permitting  and
 Enforcement Activities.  Research on analytic methods for dioxin was initiated and
 technical assistance  to  Regional  and  State  enforcement  officials  was provided.
 Methods were evaluated to  determine corrosivity,   i gnitabi li ty, and  reactivity of
 wastes.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent  and  Contain Hazardous  Materials
 Releases.  TRe  1983 Hazardous  SpTl Is  Program  was transferred  to  the Hazardous
 Waste Program from the Municipal  Wastewater Program.  Remote  sensing  of spills  was
 conducted with overhead  aerial  support.  Interpretation  of imagery  for the Spill
 Prevention, Containment  and  Control  (SPCC)  Program was conducted  and  river spill
 contingency planning was  accomplished.

     Provide Quality Assurance  to  the Hazardous Haste  Program.  This program de-
 veloped, evaluated, and  provided  standard reference materials in  support  of  RCRA
 waste characterization.  A  repository  of  standard  reference  materials containing
 priority pollutants and  hazardous  substances was   provided.   Support  was  provided
 to the OSW in the areas of  methods validation, and  development of quality assurance
 criteria for analytical data.


 HEALTH EFFECTS

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $1,343,300 supported by 8.0 total workyears  for
this program, of  which $756,400 is for Salaries and Expenses  and  $586,900  is  for
 Research and Development.  This  reflects  an  increase of $375,200  in  Salaries  and
 Expenses to support an increasingly in-house program to develop  a  series  of tests
to characterize wastes as hazardous.

     Develop Techniques and  Procedures  to  Character! ze Wastes for Listing and Other
 RCRA Regulatory Activities"!   The goal  of this program  is  to  provide an inexpensive
 and rapid qualitative  screening protocol (prescreen) for  use in characterizing  the
health hazards  of substances proposed  for listing  and deli sting actions.   Research
will focus on developing  a  biological testing battery of short term tests to deter-
mine potential  adverse human  health-effects.  These tests  will  emphasize  exposure
to complex mixtures.   Once  completed,  these tests  will  support li sti ng/deli sti ng
decisions as well  as permitting and enforcement activities.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of $968,100  and 8.0 total  workyears
to this program of  which $381,200 is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation
 and $586,900 is for extramural purposes  under the  Research  and  Development  appro-
pri ation.
                                      HW-17
-------
     Develop Techniques and Procedures to  Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities.  Short-term  test  systems for  use  in  evaluating  the
health effects of exposure to complex hazardous waste mixtures are being developed.                  A
These test  systems  are  state-of-the-art  for testing single  compounds  but  require                 1
development and validation for use on complex mixtures.                                              ™

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accompli shments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated a total of $1,050,000 and  4 total  workyears  for
this program,  of which  $358,300  was under the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation
and $691,700 was for extramural purposes  under the Research and Development appro-
pri at ion.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to  Characterize Hastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities.  Development of  a neurological  field testing system to
determine the adverse  effects of exposure  to  hazardous wastes on  human  behavior
was completed  and  is  being  validated.    A  normative data  base was developed  to
determi ne human  sensory,   cognitive,  and  motor  performance capabilities.   This
effort provided a battery  of  tests to rapidly  identify  health  problems  in  workers
at hazardous  waste  sites.  The  tests  will   also  be used during  permitting,  com-
pliance monitoring and  cleanup operations.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING  AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $16,351,900 supported by 102.4 total  workyears	
for this program, an increase of $2,400 and  15.4 total worJcyears from 1984.   Inclu-
ded in this total is $4,784,600  for Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $11,567,300  for  Re-
search and  Development  with  an  increase  of $948,200 and  a  decrease  of  $945,800
respectively.   The increase primarily reflects  a greater  emphasis toward evaluating
and comparing alternative  treatment technologies  to land disposal.   The decrease
reflects completion of  the field assessment  project for incinerators.

     Develop Technical  Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dispo-
sal Regulations.  Section   3004  of  RCRA  requires the Agency  to  promulgate  regula-
tions establi shi ng  performance  standards  for  both  new  and existing  facti Titles
that treat, store, and dispose of hazardous wastes.  Analytical methods to determine
incinerator destruction efficiency and  a  methodology for continuous control tech-
nology monitoring will  be  developed to  support regulations.   Surface impoundments
research will  include analysis of infiltration  data and leakage rate data to deter-
mi ne performance of installed  clay  liners.   Land  disposal  research will  emphasize
analysis of  (1) the  cause/effect  relationship  of  subsidence on cover  systems
integrity; (2)  the  long-term  viability   of  modified bentonite  clay  for  liners;
(3) redesign  of land disposal  systems  proven to be  inadequate;  and (4)  processes
for solidifying  and  fixing  wastes.   Data  will  be  obtained for  the design  and
operation of  land  treatment   facilities  including:  (1)  the  effects  of  waste
mixtures; (2)  closure   procedures;  (3)  examination  of  treatment  zone  limitation
required by  RCRA,   and  (4)  evaluation  of  run-off  control  needs.   A manual   on
hazardous waste  land treatment  will be  updated  to  reflect  the state-of-the-art.

     Develop Technical  Data and  Methods Necessary to  Support RCRA  Permitting  and
Enforcement  Activities.  Engineering    research   is  divided  into  four   areas:
laboratory scale incineration;  pilot  scale  incineration; high  temperature indus-
trial processes; and alternative technology  assessment.   Laboratory scale research
will continue to focus  on  the development  of destruction efficiency and by-product
                                      HW-18
-------
formation data of  selected  hazardous  compounds.   In addition,  research on combus-
tion processes to  better  understand  the  failure modes  of  incinerators  will  be
undertaken.  Pilot   scale  research  will  continue to  develop data  on destruction
efficiencies under  varied waste loads  and  operating conditions  using two types of
incinerators.  Destruction  of  hazardous   waste   in   high  temperature  industrial
furnaces will continue to  be investigated.

     Performance evaluations and engineering assessments of hazardous waste treat-
ment processes which  can provide  alternatives  to land  disposal  and incineration
wi 11 be accelerated.  Both  existing technologies  and  emerging technologies are in-
cluded in this effort.  The goal of this effort is to characterize the performance
of these systems and  to quantify  the  character  of process residues, liquid efflu-
ents and air emissions.

     Special attention will  be devoted  to high hazard  wastes.  The chemical detoxi-
fication of these high hazard wastes will be evaluated.   A field application manual
will be produced and  made  available to  the Office  of   Solid Waste  and  Emergency
Response and the  Regions  and  will include  alternative, cost  effective chemical
methods that may be applied to a variety of  high  hazard  wastes.  As  an alternative
to chemical methods,  genetic engineering studies  will  be initiated to evaluate the
technical  and environmental  implications  of these  organisms.

     Technical  Resource Documents   (TROs)  will be  updated in  the following subject
areas:  (1) liner compatabi lity guidance, (2) soil liner  design, and  (3) clay liner
desi gn.

     Develop Techniques  and Procedures to   Prevent  and Contain Hazardous  Material
Releases.  Research  will focus  on the  evaluation  of  technology  to  detect  and coun-
teract leaks from underground storage tanks,  as well as continuation  of the examin-
ation of emerging  commercially available technologies for  applicability  to spill
and waste  site cleanup problems.   Additionally,  performance testing will  be  con-
tinued in order to  provide technical guidance for selecting and using chemicals to
control releases  of   floating  hazardous substances.   This  program  will  provide
emergency response  personnel  with  information regarding the most  cost  effective
technologies available as well  as data to  support  Agency policy on chemical  use
in accordance with  the National  Contingency  Plan.

     Conductthe  Assessment   and   Control   Research  Necessary to Address Dioxin.
Dioxin Engineering  research  will focus  on  continuation   of work initiated in  1984
and on evaluation  of  the  technical feasibility  and costs  of alternative remedial
techniques.  Specific  activities  will  include:  expanding the  Method 5  sampling
train to  characterize di  oxi n  emissions from  combustion  processes; testing  and
evaluati ng the mobile incinerator   and  soils  washer  in New  Jersey;  and testing and
evaluating ultraviolet photolysis  and  solvent reagents on di oxi n contaminated  soil
plots.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total  of $16,349,500 and  87.0 total  work-
years to this program, of  which $3,836,400  is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $12,513,100 is  for-extramural  purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment  appropriation.

     Develop Technical Data  Necessary to Support RCRA  Treatment, Storage and Dispo-
sal  Regulations.  Research is  being conducted  on process measurement  and the de-
velopment  of improved  sampling  and  analysis protocols  which can be used to routine-
ly sample incinerators  being  used  to  dispose  of hazardous  wastes to  ensure  they
mai ntai n thei r destruction  efficiency.   On-going  research  in land disposal  is
focusing on the study of  synthetic and natural  liners to determine  their expected
service life and  ability to  retain or  retard the movement of hazardous pollutants.
                                      HW-19
-------
Research on containment systems is being conducted to provide reliable information
for policy guidance to State  agencies  and  for  determining whether regulations are
adequate or excessive.

     Design, operation, and closure  procedures  for surface impoundments  is being
developed to minimize  environmental  and  health impacts.   Land  treatment  research
is directed  toward  determining  optimum  techniques  for   using the  assimilative
capacity of the  land  for application  of  hazardous wastes, providing  guidance on
leachate control, site selection, fate and transport, and establishing waste load-
ing rates commensurate with  organic degradation.

     Develop Technical  Data   and Methods  Necessary to Support RCRA Permitting  and
and Enforcement Activitiel^Technical  Resource Documents  (TRD's) are being updated
for di sposal   faci lities  lo  provide  more  detailed,  up-to-date  guidance  to  the
Regions and  State agencies  responsible  for  permitting  and  enforcing  applicable
regulations.   The TRD's document procedures for design, operation, maintenance, and
closure of facilities  and the extent to which these  procedures  will  minimize the
release of pollutants  to  the environment.

     Research is also   focusing  on the assessment of incinerator performance, other
high temperature processes,  and alternative technologies  which  may be  used  in the
destruction of hazardous  wastes.

     Develop Techniques and  Procedures  to Prevent and Contain  Hazardous  Materials
Releases.  Activities   are  concentrating  on  development  of  new,  more  effective
techniques and procedures in support  of emergency  responses to  hazardous materials
releases.  Research  is  being conducted  to evaluate the feasibility of using specia-
lized equipment and  techniques from different industries for adaptation to removal
of releases.    User's  manuals  are  being prepared  on prevention, containment  and
cleanup of residuals.

     Conduct  the Assessment   and  Control Research Necessary  to  Address  Di oxi n.	
Research will provide  data in  the  following areas:the release of dioxin from con-
taminated soils; dioxin emissions from industrial  boilers and commercial incinera-
tors; the technical  and economic feasibility  of  existing  technologies  for on-site
treatment; an effective sol vent/reagent scheme for  field  treatment of  dioxin con-
taminated soils; and an assessment  of transformer fires for dioxin and fur an forma-
tion.

1984 Explanation of  Changes  from the  Amendment

     The net decrease  of  -$15,800 results from the  following actions:

     -Reprogramnrings.   (-$15,800)   Several reprogramnri ngs  were made to this activi-
ty which  were  not  report able  under  the Congressional  reprogrammi ng  limitations.
These changes resulted in a net  increase of  +$68,200 to the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and a  net decrease of -$84,000  to the Research and Development appro-
pri ation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the Agency obligated a total  of $18,429,700 and 108.9 total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $4,998,700  was under the  Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and  $13,431,000  was   for   extramural  purposes  under  the  Research  and
D ev el opment ap pr opri at i on.

     Develop Technical  Data  Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dispo-
sal Regulations,  A"niniti al  assessment  of  the effecti veness  o7clay  soTTsas
li ners for landfills and  surface impoundments by determining the effects of organic
                                      HW-20
-------
 solvents on the  permeability  of  clay  soils  was completed.  In the chemical stabi-
 lization area, the assessment of the long-term field performance of the solidified
 treated wastes was completed.

     A Hazardous Waste  Land Treatment  Pilot Research  Facility  was established to
 develop a broad, comprehensive data base relating  to  the  efficacy of land treatment
 as a  hazardous  waste management  alternative  for  a  wide variety  of  waste types.

     Develop Technical  Data  and   Methods Necessary to  Support  RCRA Permitting and
 Enforcement Activities.   Two  additional   Technical  Resource Documents were  prepared
 and submittedto the  Office  of Solid  Waste  and  Emergency  Response  for public
 notice.  These documents related to waste leaching  and clay soil   liners.   Labora-
 tory and pilot  scale research was  conducted to better define the  operating condi-
 tions required for the  destruction  of  hazardous wastes and  to simulate full  scale
 i ncinerati on conditions.   This  included  research   on  destruction  efficiencies,
 by-product formation and  air emission  characteristics to allow  scale-up  to  full
 scale i nci nerators.

     Research was conducted to obtain emission and  performance  data  at full  scale
 industrial  facilities for  the combustion  of  hazardous wastes  mixed  with  conven-
 tional fuels in industrial  boilers and  a cement kiln.  Research was also conducted
 to evaluate advanced hazardous  waste  treatment technologies  including  studies  on
 advanced biological   conversion  processes,   supercritical   solvents  and  metals  re-
 covery using adapted metallurgical  techniques.

     Develop Techniques  and Procedures to Prevent  and Contain  Hazardous  Materials
 Releases.   Over  one dozen hazardous material release research reports  were comple-
 ted during 1983.  They  cover such issues  as  prevention,  situation assessment  and
 analytical  support,   containment   and  confinement,  separation  and concentration,
 ultimate destruction, and  restoration.   In addition,  research  was initiated  for
 development of a cover  system for waste  lagoons  to  eliminate rain water   overtop-
 ping, and development of  improved  techniques  for  removal of  sediments containing
 hazardous materi als.


 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES  AND EFFECTS

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $5,109,600 supported by  53.0  total  workyears
 for this program, of which  $2,681,300 is for  Salaries  and Expenses and $2,428,300
 is for  Research  and Development.   This reflects  an increase  of  $146,300 and  a
 decrease of $143,600 respectively.  The  decrease  reflects completion  of a  project
to develop, evaluate, and recommend a biological   screening protocol for assessment
 of hazardous releases.   The increase reflects the  need for additional  resources to
 support  in-house projects.

     Develop Techniques  and Procedures to Characterize  Wastes  for Listing and Other
 RCRA Regulatory  Activities.   The  two research areas  that   support listing decisions
 for new, complex wastes  streams wi 11 be  continued.  Quantitative Structure  Activity
 Relationship (QSAR)  methods,  which are  used to  predict the toxicity of single
 chemicals,  will  be  adapted  for use with  complex waste mixtures.   Classes of chemi-
cals which  have  the  same modes of toxicological action will  be defined.  Microcosm
technology will  test specific wastes.  When  completed, this technology will  provide
 a fast and  inexpensive determination of  a waste's  potential to move in the  environ-
ment.

     Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dispo-
 sal  Regulations.   Field  and laboratory studies  of  the processes studied in   1983 and
 1984 on individual waste components in ground water will be accelerated with empha-
 sis on the  effects of subsurface  variabilities and mixtures of organic co-solvents.
 In addition, the adaptation and improvement  of models for  predicting human   exposure
to emissions  from landfills  will  be accelerated.
                                      HW-21
-------
     Develop Techniques and Procedures  to  Prevent   and Contain Hazardous  Materials
Releases.  This  program  provides  on-scene  coordinators  with  evaluated  methods,
criteria, and  guidance with  which  to conduct  and  interpret  bioassessments  of
samples from hazardous release  sites.   Bioassessment methods developed  and  field
evaluated during 1983 and  1984  will  be synthesized into a user-oriented protocol.
The battery of evaluated  bioassessments will enable response personnel to determine
the extent and degree to which an area is contaminated with biologically available
hazardous substances.

     Conduct  the  Assessment  and Control  Research  Necessary to  Address  Dioxin.
Research in two areas  will  continue to  support  efforts to assess and control dioxin
contamination.  Laboratory  experiments  will define  the potential  uptake, bi oaccumu-
lation and bioavai lability  of  2,3,7,8-TCDD  in selected  fish,  plants and mammals.
Laboratory studies will  define  the  potential   movement  and persistence  of 2,3,7,
8-TCDD in  soils  and  water.  These  studies will  provide an initial  assessment  of
the movement and  food-chain impact  of   2,3,7,8-TCDD  and  will  be used in modelling
the risk it poses to  humans and  ecosystems.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating  $5,106,900  and 53.0 total workyears to this
program, of  which  $2,535,000  is for the  Salaries   and  Expenses  Appropriation  and
$2,571,900 is  for  extramural  purposes  under  the  Research and  Development appro-
pri at ion.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures  to  Characterize Wastes for Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory Activities. Research developing quantitative  structure  activity
relationships and microcosm technology methods for  predicting  waste toxicity  and
mobility are currently underway.  QSAR  methods were first  developed  in the Toxics
program for predicting the  toxicity of  single  chemicals.

     Develop Technical Data Necessary to Support  RCRA Treatment, Storage and Dispo-
sal Regulations.  This research   is developing models to determine potential -human—
exposure result! ng from various  methods of hazardous waste disposal.  A consider-
able portion of this  research  is devoted to developing, improving, and field evalu-
ating groundwater models  (by supplementing the groundwater research  in the Drink-
ing Water  Decision Unit),  since this  is  considered the major  potential  route  of
exposure to hazardous  wastes.   Other efforts  include coordinating groundwater with
other exposure routes  for multimedia predictions.

     Develop Technical Data and  Methods Necessary to Support RCRA  Permitting  and
Enforcement Acti viti es.   Criteria developed in 1983 for  site  selection and evalua-
tion based on  site-specific hydrogeological  factors are being evaluated in several
hydrogeological settings  jointly by EPA and US6S.

Develop  Techniques  and  Procedures to Prevent  and  Contain Hazardous  Materials
Releases^Fi eld  evaluations  o?  bi oassessmentsampling and  assay  procedures  and
comparisons of bioassessment results  with documented environmental  field  assess-
ments are  being  evaluated  at  a   semi-tropical   geoclimatic  region.   Evaluations  of
terrestrial indicator  species  responses are being conducted and the recommendations
of a technical  program review  panel  are being  implemented.

     Conduct  the  Assessment  and   Control  Research Necessary to Address  Dioxin.
Laboratory studies are being initiated  to define the potential  transport  and fate
of 2,3,7,8-TCDD through human  food chains and the environment.  These data  will  be
used to estimate human and  ecosystem exposure  to  2,3,7,8-TCDD.
                                      HW-22
-------
 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$57,000 results from  the  following  action:

     -Reprogrammi ng.  (-$57,000)  A reprogrammi ng  was  made to this activity which
was not report able  under the Congressional  reprogrammi ng limitations.  This change
resulted in a net  decrease of  -$57,000 to the Research and Development appropria-
tion.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $5,376,700  and 48.5 total workyears
for this program,  of  which $2,823,300 was  under the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,553,400 was for extramural  purposes under the Research  and Develop-
ment appropriation.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to Characterize  Wastes  for  Listing and Other
RCRA Regulatory ActivitiesAn integrated  computer  system  to estimate properties
of chemicals such  as bi oconcent ration  factor and  acute  toxicity in aquatic animals,
was completed.  Microcosm technology was developed, constructed and tested, and is
now being used to  predict  the subsurface behavior  of actual  chemicals  of interest.

     Develop Technical  Data Necessary  to  Support  RCRA Treatment Storage, and Dispo-
sal Regulations.  A study  was  completed  entitled "Groundwater Modeling of Selected
Hydrogeol ogi c al  Sett i ngs to Determine  Leachate  Fate and Transport  from  Waste Facil-
ities." The second year's  monitoring  at a  small  field  site  was completed where
five chemicals and two tracers  were injected into an aquifer.   The results  will be
available for  model  verification in  1984.   This  is the  first  groundwater field
project to  use  a  natural   gradient  and  follow  an  organic chemical  plume  from its
i nception.

     Develop Technical  Data and Methods  Necessary to Support   RCRA Permittingand
Enforcement Activities.   A" scTenti f i c  advisory  group was formed to develop the pro-
tocol for judging  the suitability of a site for waste disposal based on hydrogeolo-
gical factors.

     Develop Techniques and Procedures to Prevent and   Contain Hazardous  Materials
Releases.The 1983 Releases Program was  transferred to the Hazardous Waste Program
7ronT'the  Municipal  Wastewater  Program.   During  1983,  environmental  sampling  and
field assessments  were conducted  at  a  semi-arid geoclimatic region.
                                      HW-23
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Waste Management Regulations,  Guidelines and Policies	     HW-25
          Regulations,  Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste	     HW-27
       Fi nancial  Assistance	     HW-31
          Hazardous Waste Management  Financial Assistance to States	     HW-32
       Waste Management Strategies Implementation	     HW-35
          Hazardous Waste Management  Regulatory Strategies Implementation.     HW-36
                                       24
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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE

               Waste Management  Regulations,  Guidelines, and Policies


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $34,509,900 supported by 217.4 total workyears
for this subactivity  of which $10,311,900 will  be for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $24,198,00 for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropria-
tion.  This represents a net increase  of  $7,312,900 and  25.0 workyears.

Program Description

     The Agency's hazardous waste  regulatory,  guidance, and policy making  activi-
ties are carried out  under  this program.  Activities include provision of national
guidance and oversight to the Regions and States for implementation of the  hazard-
ous waste  regulatory  program,  including  facility  permitting, and  management of  a
national compliance monitoring and technical  enforcement program.  Other activities
include reviewing and revising existing hazardous waste regulations, as necessary,
and completing  the  development  of the  hazardous  waste  program  to  fill  in  key
regulatory gaps.

     Regulations, Guidelines,  and   Policies - Hazardous  Waste — This Headquarters'
program providesforth~emanagemento?th"inationalResource  Conservation  and
Recovery Act  (RCRA)  Subtitle  C  hazardous  waste program.   Activities  include  the
issuance of guidance to the Regions  and  States for nationally consistent adminis-
tration of  the Subtitle  C  regulations  as   well  as  evaluation  of implementation
policies.  In  addition, this  program includes the promulgation  and  refinement  of
the criteria and regulations for identification,  tracking, management, and disposal
of hazardous wastes.  Technical  studies,  regulatory  impact  and economic analyses,
and assessments  of  control  options  and  technologies  necessary  for  regulatory
decision-making are also covered.


REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND POLICIES  - HAZARDOUS WASTE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $34,509,900 supported by 217.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,311,900 will be  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation and $24,198,000 will  be  for  the Abatement, Control, and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This represents an increase of $7,312,900 and 25.0 total workyears.   Of
this amount,  $2,176,400 will  be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and
$5,136,500 will be  for the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appropriation.  These
increases will  support  the  Agency's  efforts to  list  new wastes,  ban  wastes  from
land disposal,  and  develop  regulations for boilers and small quantity  generators.

     Resources  requested will  concentrate on granting  States full  authorization to
administer their own  hazardous  waste program  in   lieu  of the  Agency.   The  Agency
will review  applications  for  authorization  against  criteria  for full  equivalence
with the Federal program and will  prepare guidance documents on  full authorization
and implementation  of State  hazardous  waste  programs.   Other activities  include
reviewing and  refining  State  reporting  requirements,  as  necessary,  for national
program management  and  accountability to Congress,  and establishing policies  and
procedures for  approving revisions to State programs  after full  authorization.  The
annual on-site  program reviews will continue.  The focus  of these in-depth  program
evaluations will  shift  to  program performance  in authorized  States.   EPA  will
analyze data on the status of Regional and State permitting  activities  for perform-
ance against  call-in  and  final determination  (includes  issuance,  denial,   and  ap-
proved closures  or  withdrawals) targets, identification of impediments to  permit-
ting, and development of recommendations  to improve Regional  and State  performance.
                                        HW-27
-------
 Permit Assistance  Teams  (PATS)  will  support  permit  development.   They  will  be
 responsible for  reviewing  and commenting on  major  (incineration  and land disposal
 facilities) permit  actions  conducted by the  authorized  States.   PAT reviews serve
 to ensure proper application  and interpretation  of  regulations,  nationally consis-
 tent permit conditions, and technical advice  on difficult issues.

     Resources in the Headquarter's enforcement program will support the compliance
 monitoring and  enforcement  programs  in  the  States  and  Regions.  The  Agency will
 review the  enforcement aspects  of  full authorization  applications with  special
 emphasis on  ground  water monitoring,  closure plans, and  financial  responsibility
 instruments.  In  addition, the  Agency  will  develop  program  policy  and  provide
 information on technical  issues  to Regional  and State  personnel  to address defi-
 ciencies and  improve  implementation  of  the technically  complex  aspects   of  the
 program.  Contract   resources  will  provide  technical   assistance,  training,  and
 specialized expertise for the Regions and States.

     The Agency plans to complete the regulatory impact analysis for small quantity
 generators and the  evaluation of  air emissions from storage,  treatment,  and dis-
 posal facilities.   The  Agency will propose  standards  for  waste  oil  and rules  for
 restricting land disposal  of  wastes  containing solvents and dioxins.   The Agency
 will also propose technical  standards and  promulgate administrative standards  for
 boilers.  In  addition  to  these activities,  the Agency will  propose  and/or promul-
 gate the following  Section 3001 listings:  Pesticides, organo bromines, carbamates,
 chlorinated aliphatics, and lithium batteries.

     To fullfill mandates under RCRA Section  8002, the Agency will complete reports
 to Congress on utility  and metals mining wastes  and  propose  a  regulation on smelt-
 ing and  refining  wastes.   The Agency will  also  begin  the  other  studies  required
 under Section 8002.  The  Agency  will  propose RCRA Section  6002  procurement guide-
 lines for paper containing recovered  materials.  Work  on other required guidelines
 under Section 6002 will be initiated.

    In order  to  review  and  revise  existing  regulations,   the  Agency  will  begin
 development of location standards  addressing hydrogeologic  and  climatic locations
 that are  not  appropriate  for land disposal.  The  Agency  will  also  propose land
 disposal liner  standards   covering the  use  of soil  liners  in   conjunction  with
 synthetic liners.   In  addition,  the  Agency will promulgate regulatory amendments
 for liquids  in  landfills  and class  permits  for  storage  facilities   and  propose
 amendments for underground tanks.

     The Agency will develop  guidance on new regulatory actions  which  will  affect
the implementation  of  the  RCRA program, particularly regulations  covering  boilers
 and banning certain wastes from landfills.   Additionally,  the Agency  will  revise
and update existing documents to reflect regulatory and policy  modifications  and
new technical  information.

 1984 Program

     In 1984,  the   Agency  is   allocating a   total  of  $27,197,000 and  192.4 total
workyears to  this  program,  of which  $8,135,500 is  for  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $19,061,500 is  for  extramural  purposes  under the  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     Under the  implementation and  enforcement  components  of  this program,  the
Agency will  focus   on  assisting  the  Regions  and  States  on State  authorization,
permitting,  and  enforcement   activities.  These activities  include timely  review
of applications  for final  authorization, training  for  permit writers  and  inspec-
tors,  and developing program policy and guidance documents.

     The Agency  will continue  to develop regulations to fill in  gaps  in the regu-
latory program.   For small quantity  generators, the Agency  will  complete  a survey
to determine  the  numbers  and types  of  generators,  quantities  and types of  waste
                                        HW-28
-------
generated, and waste  management  practices.   In addition, the Agency will  evaluate
State program data  on small quantity  generators.   The  effort to restrict  certain
wastes from land  disposal  will  focus  on  an  analysis  of wastes  containing dioxins
and solvents.  The  Agency  will   develop  standards  governing  the  management  and
listing of  waste oil.   In  conjunction  with  these  activities, the  Agency  will
continue to list  waste  from  processes within  the  organic  chemical industry.   An
interim final   rule  on  chlorinated  aliphatics will  be proposed.   Proposals  for
lithium batteries and toluene diisocyanate,  to name a few, will  occur.   The Agency
will promulgate the dioxin  waste listing.   In  addition, the Agency will  complete
the risk  assessment analysis to support development  of air emission  standards.

     The Agency will continue to review and  revise existing  hazardous waste regula-
tions.  Major regulatory amendment activities  include:   Proposal of standards  for
class permits of  storage  facilities;  proposal  of standards  governing bulk liquids
in landfills  and  notice  of free  liquids test  methods;  and  promulgation  of  the
definition of  solid waste  and   satellite  accumulation.  The Agency  will  conduct
regulatory impact analyses  to  support development  of  regulatory  amendments  for
liner standards and underground  tanks.

     The Agency plans to  draft   reports to  Congress on  utility  and metals  mining
wastes and develop  regulations  on smelting  and  refining wastes.  The Agency  will
also prepare  a  report  to  Congress  on  the  Post-Closure  Liability  Trust  Fund.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change  from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated  $25,172,000 and 164.6 total  workyears  for  this
program, of which $7,994,900  was for  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and
$17,177,100 for extramural  purposes  under the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     Headquarters provided  national  guidance  to  the Regions  and  States  on  RCRA
implementation policies  and requirements.  State  authorization  activities  included
pre-application reviews  of  State  statutes, review of draft and complete  applications
for authorization, and  guidance  documents such as the  full  authorization  guidance
manual.  The Agency also proposed regulations  revising the  State RCRA  program  by
allowing States one  full  year from the  effective date of amended  Federal  regula-
tions to  make  revisions in their programs.  In  addition,  annual RCRA program  re-
views were started.  Teams, led  by Headquarters,  assessed management of  the imple-
mentation activities  by the  Regional  offices  as  well  as  by  selected  States.

     The Agency  established  the Permit  Advisory  Committee (PAC)  consisting  of
representatives from  industry,   government,   and environmental  interest  groups  to
make recommendations  on policy,  technical,  and  procedural   improvements  for  the
RCRA permit  program.    In   addition,   Headquarters  continued to provide  national
Permit Assistance Teams (PATs).   The  teams provide  expert technical  and  procedural
assistance for developing sound  facility permits.

     Management of the  RCRA enforcement activities included  development and issu-
ance of  guidance  documents;  the provision  of  expert  witnesses for  Federal  and
State enforcement actions;  laboratory testing  and  analysis  in   support  of Federal
enforcement actions and compliance sampling inspections.

     The Agency initiated regulatory activities to cover small quantity  generators,
waste oil,  boilers,  the  restriction  of  certain  wastes  from  land disposal,  and
financial responsibility requirements  for corrective  action  at  land disposal faci-
lities.  The Agency also  began  a study to identify wastes and  to evaluate control
technologies for  air  emissions  from hazardous  waste facilities.  In addition,  the
                                        HW-29
-------
Agency continued  to  document  and propose  the  listing  of wastes  from  processes
within various  organic  chemical  industries.   The Agency  proposed  the listing  of
dioxin-containing wastes and developed an interim final  rule on chlorinated alipha-
tics.

     The Agency continued its review and revision of the  RCRA Section  3004 facility
standards.  Major activities included:  Evaluation  of liner requirements, develop-
ment of standards  for  storage of  wastes  in underground tanks,  and development  of
standards for  class  permits  of  storage facilities.   The Agency  also  developed
plans to  modify  CFR  Part  264/265 of  RCRA  Section  3004  to  prohibit disposal  of
bulk liquids in landfills and to specify test  methods for identifying  free liquids.
                                       HW-30
-------


























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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE

                                Financial Assistance
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $47,000,000 for this  program under the Abate-
ment, Control, and  Compliance  appropriation.   This  is  the  same resource level pro-
vided for 1984.

Program Description

     This program provides financial assistance to State governments for developing
and implementing the  hazardous  waste management programs  under  Subtitle C  of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.

     Hazardous Haste Management Financial Assistance to States — This program pro-
vides financial  assistance  to States to  develop,  implement,  and  enforce programs
that monitor and control  hazardous  wastes from cradle to  grave,  including  genera-
tion, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $47,000,000 for this  program under the Abate-
ment, Control, and Compliance appropriation.  Resources  remain constant with 1984.
This level is  due to a shift in program  emphasis  from program development  activi-
ties, as the  States achieve authorization, to  permitting  and enforcement  activi-
ties.

     States that are  awarded grants  must  either be  operating a substantially equi-
valent hazardous waste  program  under interim authorization or working  toward full
authorization through a Cooperative Arrangement.  State grant targets are allocated
on a  formula  basis  that  accounts  for  a  State's  population,  land area,  number  of
hazardous waste generators,  and amount  of hazardous waste.   The actual grant amount
is negotiated based  on  the  target,  but depends on  the portion of the Federal pro-
gram the State is operating.   States are required to provide  a  25%  match in order
to receive these funds.

     States will  use these funds to continue progress toward authorization.   States
will submit applications  for full  authorization and work to ensure that their pro-
grams are equivalent  to the Federal  program.   The Agency  estimates  40  States will
receive full  authorization  by  the end  of  1985.   The remaining  States  will  have
applications  under review.

     States will  also play  a strong role in  national  permitting efforts.    As  in
1984, almost  half of the  State  grant  resources will  be earmarked  for permitting
activities.  In  order to  expedite  the  processing  of  permits   for new  or expanding
facilities, States  will devote  sufficient permitting  resources  to  respond  to  all
anticipated applications from these  facilities.  Authorized States will  be  respon-
sible for  processing approximately  1,377 permits  in 1985.   However,  the  States
will not complete processing  on all of these  permits  to the  point  of  issuance  or
denial in 1985  because of  the length  of time required for  final  determination.
Of the permits in process,  the  Agency  expects States  to complete final  action  on
440 permits.

     The States,  in  conjunction with  the Regions,  will  continue  their focus  on
improving compliance  with  the  interim   status  standards.    States  will  perform
approximately 12,000  compliance  monitoring inspections.   Emphasis  will  remain  on
                                       HW-32
-------
evaluating the  adequacy  of  ground  water  monitoring  systems.   In  addition,  the
States will complete technical reviews of  closure/post-closure plans and  financial
assurance instruments  for all  non-major  interim status  facilities.   States  will
issue, as necessary, administrative  enforcement  actions in  response to  significant
violations.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is allocating $47,000,000  to  State  financial  assistance
under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.   States  are  using these
funds to  continue  working toward  interim  and full  authorization  and  to  continue
operating the Federal program for  unauthorized phases through  Cooperative  Arrange-
ments.

     Based on the  Agency's  promulgation  of the  land disposal  regulations in  July
1982, Phase IIC  (permitting of  land disposal facilities)  and full authorization
became available January 1983.   By  the  close of  1984,  47  States and  Territories
will be in some phase  of authorization as  a  result  of their progress in developing
satisfactory hazardous waste management  authorities  and  programs.

     States with Phase  II authorization will  be expected  to  focus  50 percent  of
their resources on  permitting  new and expanding facilities and major  facilities,
i.e., incineration  and  land disposal facilities.   Cooperative Arrangement  States
will be eligible,  based  on  Region  and State negotiations,  technically  to  evaluate
permit applications; however,  EPA  retains  responsibility   for  making  the  final
permit decision of  issuance  or denial.   Authorized  States will be responsible  for
processing approximately  1,038 permits  in 1984.  It is  estimated that the  States
will make final determinations  on approximately 395  permit applications.

     State compliance  monitoring  and enforcement  efforts,  in  partnership  with
Federal activities, will concentrate on  establishing an enforcement   presence  in
the regulated  community.  State  compliance monitoring  activities  will  focus  on
compliance with the  ground water  monitoring,  closure/post-closure,  and  financial
assurance requirements.  The States will conduct intensive  ground water monitoring
inspections which will  include  a detailed technical analysis  of  the ground  water
monitoring systems   (e.g., placement  and  depth of monitoring  wells).   States  will
also complete technical  reviews of closure/post-closure plans  and financial  assur-
ance instruments for  all major interim  status  facilities.   Where  violations  are
detected, States will  initiate  and follow-up on all  enforcement actions.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the  Amendment

     There is no change from the  amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $43,975,000  for  this  program  under the  Abate-
ment, Control, and  Compliance appropriation.   The  grant  funds  supported  continued
development of  substantially  equivalent  legislation and  regulations  required  for
interim authorization,  implementation of those programs,  and operation  of delegated
aspects of the Federal  program (manifest,  compliance monitoring, permit  evaluation)
through Cooperative Arrangements.

     States were eligible to apply for interim authorization for Phase  I,  Phase IIA
(permitting of tanks,  containers  and  piles), and  Phase  I IB (permitting  of incinera-
tion facilities).  By the end of  1983, 41  States  had received interim authorization
for Phase I and 16  of  these  States also had interim authorization for  Phase IIA/B.

     Grant funds also  supported  Cooperative Arrangements  for  11 States  to operate
selected aspects of the  Federal program.   States negotiated with  Regions  the tasks
they performed while  working toward   interim  authorization.  After final  negotia-
tion of the grants, both for interim  authorized and  Cooperative Arrangement States,
                                       HW-33
-------
funds which the States could not expend were used by the Region to provide contrac-
tor support for implementation of the Federal  hazardous waste program.

     The States  called  in and  initiated  the permit  process  for  533  storage  and
treatment facilities, 46 incineration facilities, and  15 land  disposal  facilities.
In addition, the  States processed  nine permits  for  new  or  expanding  facilities
whose owners or operators submitted applications voluntarily.

     State compliance monitoring  and  enforcement activities  concentrated  on  those
handlers which posed  the greatest  potential  for environmental  problems, such  as
ground water monitoring  facilities.   States conducted  approximately  13,000 compli-
ance monitoring inspections  and initiated  enforcement actions as necessary.
                                      HW-34
-------
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-------
                                  HAZARDOUS  WASTE

                     Waste Management  Strategies Implementation
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $18,320,900 supported by 451.9 total workyears
for this subactivity,  of  which $15,334,500 will  be  for the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $2,986,400 for the Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance appropri-
ation.  This represents a  net  increase  of  $2,093,300  and 12.3 workyears.

Program Oescription

     This program includes  the  hazardous  waste  implementation  program  which  sup-
ports the Regional activities necessary to oversee, and operate  when  required,  the
RCRA-mandated hazardous waste  program.

     Hazardous Haste Management Regulatory Strategies  Implementation  —  This   pro-
gram supports the Regionalactivities  necessary  to provideguidance  and technical
assistance to authorized States and to operate the Federal  hazardous  waste program
in unauthorized  States.   Regions  assist  the  States in  developing  substantially
equivalent hazardous waste  management  programs to qualify  for  interim authoriza-
tion and fully equivalent programs to  qualify for full  authorization which became
available in January 1983.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES  IMPLEMENTATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $18,320,900 supported by 451.° total workyears
for this program of which $15,334,500  will  be for the Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and $2,986,400 will  be  for  the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation, representing  an  increase  of $2,093,300 and  12.3 total  workyears.   Of
this amount,  $1,165,600 will  be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and
$927,700 will  be  for the Abatement,  Control, and Compliance  appropriation.   This
increase reflects the  growing permitting workload  facing the Agency.   In addition,
this increase will support Regional efforts to enhance State technical capabilities
through training and guidance.

     The Regions' highest, priority activity  in 1985  is  State  program development.
Aggressive delegation  efforts will  ensure that  a  substantial  number  of  States
achieve full authorization before January  1985.  The  statute intends  for the States
to have  full  responsibility  for operating  a  Federally  equivalent hazardous  waste
program.  State programs were eligible for  full  authorization  beginning in January
1983.  The  statute  requires  the States  to receive  full  authorization by January
1985 or the  Agency  must operate  the hazardous waste  program.   However,  this  dead-
line does  not  preclude States from  continuing to develop  their own programs  and
attaining full authorization at a later date.

     This request  will  enable the  Regions to assist  States in  the  development of
both their  authorization  applications  and their  program capabilities.  The Regions
will review  full  authorization  applications  against  full  equivalence  criteria,
recommend approval  of  applications  in  a timely manner,  and  negotiate State grants
and Cooperative Arrangements.

     As a  result  of  this investment, the  Agency anticipates  that  by  the end of
 1985, 40 States will be fully authorized and  11 States will  have applications  under
 review.  States with full authorization applications pending by the end of  the year
will be  working  under  Cooperative  Arrangements for  portions of  the  program.
                                        HW-37
-------
     The Regions' second  priority  is  the preparation and processing  of  permits  in
unauthorized States  for  new and  expanding  hazardous waste  management  facilities,
existing incineration  facilities,  and  existing  land  disposal  facilities.   These
facilities will  be  a high permitting priority  due  to  their greater  potential  for
adverse environmental impacts.  The Regions will complete processing of 294 permits
in 1985.  In addition, the Regions will  call in 137 facilities  in order to maintain
a timely  and  effective  program to  permit  facilities  of  the  most  environmental
concern.

     In authorized States, Regions will  review State permit actions on major faci-
lities to  ensure technical  adequacy,  enforceability,  and  national  consistency.
Regional review  of  the  initial  State   processed  permits  will  provide  increased
technical knowledge  and understanding to the States and will  result  in  a stronger
and more effective State permitting process.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $16,227,600  and 439.6  total
workyears to the program of  which $14,168,900  is  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $2,058,700  is  for  extramural   purposes under  the  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     The Regions are  negotiating,  awarding,  and administering  grants and Coopera-
tive Arrangements based on the  individual State's authorization  status  and accept-
ance of  delegable  activities.   The  Regions  operate  all manifest  activities  and
technical evaluations of permit  applications  not  delegated  to  Cooperative Arrange-
ment States.

     The Regions are  focusing  on delegating  the  various phases of program authori-
zation.  Regions are  assisting  States  to develop application  packages,  design  and
strengthen their  programs,  and  ensure  that  all  interim authorized  programs  meet
substantial  equivalence requirements.   In addition,  the  Regions review applications
for full authorization  and  ensure that  the  State  programs meet full  equivalence
requirements.  By the end of 1984, the Agency anticipates that 15 States  will  have
Phase I only interim authorization,  21  States will possess   one  or  more  components
of Phase II  interim authorization, and at least 11 States will  be fully  authorized.

     The second  critical  implementation  task is completing  the  processing  of  per-
mits.  The  Regions  will  make  final  determinations on  342 permits  in   1984.   In
addition, the Regions will begin to review State permit  actions on  major  facilities
to ensure national consistency.  '

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$970,800 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$970,800) Several  reprogrammings were  made  to  this  acti-
vity which were  not  reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.
These changes  resulted in a  net decrease of  -$171,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of +$21,000 to the Abatement, Control and  Compli-
ance appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was  made moving all  non-program  specific "support"
type expense dollars  into  the Regional Support program element.  This  reprogramming
to Salaries   and Expenses,  totaling  -$820,400,  was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress of September 29, 1983.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $12,857,300 and  339.2 total  workyears  for  this
program, of   which  $11,166,00   was  for  the   Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation
                                       HW-38
-------
and $1,691,300 for extramural  purposes  under the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Regions focused on assisting States to achieve various phases of authori-
zation.  As of  September  1983, 41 States had  achieved  Phase I interim authoriza-
tion and 16 of  these  States had  also  received Phase IIA/B interim authorization.

     The Agency  called  in  and initiated  the  permit process  for 437  storage and
treatment facilities,  37 incineration facilities, and 284 land  disposal facilities.
In addition, the Regions processed 29 permits for new or expanding facilities whose
owners or operators submitted  applications voluntarily.
                                        HW-39
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                               HW-1

    ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Waste Enforcement	     HW-41
                                      HW-40
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                                 HAZARDOUS WASTE


                           Hazardous Waste Enforcement


Budget Request


     The Agency requests a total  of $8,680,400 supported by 193..4 total  workyears
for this program of which  $6,930,400 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and  $1,750,000  for  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents a net  increase of $2,749,800 and 16.9 workyears.

Program Description

     This program serves to  ensure compliance  with  the Resource Conservation  and
Recovery Act  (RCRA).  The principle objectives  are to monitor and  evaluate hazardous
waste generator, transporter, and facility compliance with the statutory and regula-
tory requirements of RCRA; encourage and promote voluntary  compliance  by hazardous
waste handlers; take  appropriate administrative, civil,  and criminal  enforcement
actions when necessary;  and assist and evaluate  program implementation in the States.

     Hazardous Waste Enforcement— This  program supports  Regional  activities  to
operate and  enforce the Federal  regulatory  program  in States which have not  re-
ceived interim or full  authorization.   These activities  include compliance monitor-
ing of interim status  facilities, permitted facilities,  and hazardous waste genera-
tors.  Enforcement actions against  violators of RCRA or its regulations  are taken
when necessary.  The Agency  is  also responsible for evaluating programs  in  autho-
rized and  Cooperative  Arrangement  States  to assess their progress  in  conducting
hazardous waste compliance monitoring and enforcement activities.


HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $R,680,400 supported by 193.4 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $6,930,400  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  ap-
propriation, and $1,750,000  will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation, representing  an   increase   of  $2,749,800  and 16.9  workyears.   Of
this amount,  $999,800  will  be   for  the  Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation  and
$1,750,000 will be  for  the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation.  This
increase supports a growth in the level of Regional compliance monitoring inspec-
tions and technical support activities  that are provided to the States.

     EPA will conduct  compliance evaluation inspections  at permitted  facilities and
interim status  ground  water  monitoring facilities.   All  ground  water  monitoring
facilities will  receive  a  detailed technical evaluation to  ensure that  monitoring
equipment is  adequate  and  properly installed  and that  sampling  and  analysis  are
being conducted properly.  Awareness of  both public  and  Congressional  concern that
adequate independent sampling be  conducted to evaluate the quality of  ground water
and the extent  of  contamination has led the  Agency to the decision to  increase the
level of effort for compliance sampling inspections.   The Regions  will  also conduct
technical evaluations of closure/post-closure plans  and financial  assurance instru-
ments for all non-major hazardous waste facilities in unauthorized States.

     The Agency  plans  to  continue  its  expanded enforcement  efforts.  It  is  the
goal of  the  program  to foster  compliance and  lower  the  rate  of  noncompliance.
The Regions  will  initiate warning letters  and  compliance orders in  unauthorized
States in  order  to  secure  compliance with interim status  standards.   In addition,
enforcement  resources will  be provided  for  the Regions to  continue their support
                                        HW-43
-------
of the  permitting  program.   This request will  support pre-permit  inspections  and
enforcement actions in  response  to  violations occurring during the  permit  or clo-
sure process.  The  Regions  will  also continue their support  for  criminal  investi-
gations.

     This request  includes  resources for continued  State evaluation  and  support.
The Regions  will  conduct  program  reviews  for  all  52  participating  States.   In
addition, the  Regions  will  conduct  over 1,000 joint  inspections  and  initiate  en-
forcement actions  in  States that fail  to  secure compliance,  or  in response to a
State request for enforcement assistance.

     Extramural funding will provide technical assistance in the areas  of training,
ground water monitoring, sampling and lab support.

1984 Program

     The Agency  is allocating  a total  of  $5,930,600 and  176.5 total  workyears
for this program,  all   of  which  is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.

     The 1984 Hazardous Waste Enforcement Program expands  significantly  from 1983.
Recent program experience  and  a  number of   studies  have highlighted the level  of
non-compliance with the interim  status  standards in  the  regulated community,  in
particular, the  ground  water monitoring requirements.  The  Regions will  increase
their efforts in unauthorized States to focus the compliance evaluation inspections
at interim  status   ground water  monitoring   facilities.   In  addition,  the  Regions
will complete technical reviews  of  closure/post-closure  plans  and financial assur-
ance instruments for all major interim  status  facilities.  These  reviews  will  help
to ensure that these facilities have adequately planned  for  closure activities  and
that sufficient assurances are available to  support  closure requirements.

     In the event that  inspections or report reviews reveal violations, the  Regions
will initiate  appropriate  enforcement  actions.  The Agency  expects to issue  RCRA
Section 3008 Compliance Orders,  RCRA Section  3013 Administrative Orders  requiring
monitoring and analysis  of  sites which  may  present  a  substantial threat to  human
health or the environment, and RCRA  Section  7003 Administrative Orders to handlers
posing imminent and substantial endangerment.  The Regions will also assess finan-
cial penalties in  conjunction with  Compliance and Administrative  Orders.   In  addi-
tion, the Agency will  develop the technical  aspects of civil  and criminal  actions
under the authority of RCRA Sections 7003 and 3008.

     As part of  State   evaluation efforts,  the Agency will  conduct joint  inspec-
tions with State personnel  and  will  review  the compliance monitoring  and enforce-
ment programs in all authorized  and  Cooperative  Arrangements  States.  In  addition,
the Agency will  support State  enforcement  actions by  providing technical support,
such as expert  witnesses,  sampling  and laboratory  analysis,  and other  technical
expertise not normally found in  State governments.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$735,500 results from the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$735,500) A   reprogramming was  made moving all   non-program
specific "support1  type expense dollars  into the Regional  Support program element.
This reprogramming to Salaries and Expenses, totaling  -$735,500,  was included  in a
reprogramming letter to Congress on  September 29,  1983.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated   $3,119,800 and  79.2 total  workyears  for this
program, of which  $2,806,800  was for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses  apropriation  and
$313,000 was for  extramural  purposes under  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.
                                       HW-44
-------
     In 1983, the Agency conducted  compliance  monitoring  inspections of 100 percent
of designated major handlers,  25 percent  of  other  interim  status facilities,  and
10 percent of selected generators and  transporters.  To return  violators to compli-
ance, the Agency issued 46 RCRA Section 3008 Warning Letters, 12 RCRA Section  3008
Compliance Orders,  15 RCRA  §3013  monitoring  and analysis  Administrative Orders,
and, where,  practices presented an  imminent  and   substantial  endangerment,  RCRA
Section 7003  Administrative  Orders.   Technical  support for  the development  of
civil actions and criminal investigations were provided.

   In its State oversight  role, the Agency  conducted  joint  inspections with State
personnel to evaluate the quality of inspections as well as to train State inspec-
tors.  In addition, the Regions provided technical support and  assistance  to  States
conducting compliance monitoring and enforcement  activities.
                                        HW-45
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

PESTICIDES                                                                    P-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Pesticides Research	    P-8
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Registration, Special  Registration & Tolerances	    P-20
          Regi s trat i on	    P -22
          Speci al  Regi strati on	    P-25
          Tolerances	    P-27
       Generic Chemical  Review	    P-29
          Generic Chemical  Review	    P-31
          Special  Reviews - Environmental  Impact Statement (EIS)
              Preparati on	    P-33
    ENFORCEMENT
       Pesticides Enforcement	    P-36
          Pest i ci des Enforcement	    P-39
          Pesticides Enforcement Grants	    P-40
          Pesticides Certification & Training	    P-41
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                                      PESTICIDES


 OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

      As a class,  pesticides  are among the most  beneficial  and the most  hazardous
 of substances.  The  Federal  Insecticide,. Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act  (FIFRA),
 as amended,  and  Sections  402,  406,  408,  and  409  of the Federal  Food, Drug,  and
 Cosmetic Act  (FFDCA)  invest  in the  Environmental  Protection  Agency the  authority
 to regulate  the  distribution  and  use  of pesticides  in the  United  States.   The
 Agency is thereby charged with a regulatory task of enormous  scope and  complexity.
 An estimated 2.7 billion pounds  of  pesticide active ingredients are used  annually
 in this country,  representing about  40,000 products.   These  products  provide  social
 as well as economic benefits to society by  substantially contributing to agricultural
 productivity and   controlling  human  disease  vectors,  such  as  mosquitoes.   At  the
 same time, pesticides are inherently hazardous in that they  are specifically  formu-
 lated to be injurious to  living target organisms,  and are  deliberately introduced
 into the environment for this purpose.  The hazards of pesticide exposure  are thus
 by no  means  incidental  to the  use  of these  products.   While many pesticides  are
 available for use only by  trained pest control operators and farmers, many  others
 are used  by persons  who  have no  special  expertise in the  use of pesticides.   In
 addition, many pesticides  are  used   on food   or  animal  feed  crops,  so  that  human
 dietary exposure  cannot  be  avoided,  although  it can be  controlled  by regulatory
 measures.

      Under FIFRA  and the  FFDCA, the Agency is  responsible for ensuring  that  pesti-
 cides perform their  intended  functions   without  unreasonable  adverse  effects   on
 public health and the environment.   The projected 1985 Pesticides Program  strategi-
 cally builds on accomplishments achieved  by  EPA  in previous years, and reflects  a
 continued active  commitment  to  fulfill our  congressional  mandate.  The  statutory
 goal  of balancing health and environmental protection with  economic stability  and
_growth requires regulatory operations within  EPA that are flexible,  efficient,  and
^effective.  It also  requires  ongoing close cooperation with  pesticide users,  public
 interest groups,  and the  regulated  industry.   In  addition,  the Agency intends  to
 encourage increased   involvement   by  State  and  local  governments  in regulatory
 matters, especially  in  connection with local pest 'control  needs  and  emergencies,
 the enforcement  of regulations, and the  education  and training of persons such  as
 applicators  and farmworkers who are particularly likely to be  exposed  to pesticides.

      The Agency's  pesticide  regulation  strategy  focuses  on  four  broad program
 areas:   1) registration of new products,  2)  review and reregistration  of existing
 products, 3) enforcement  of  pesticide  use rules,  and 4)  research and  development
 to support and improve EPA's ability to  evaluate the  risks  and  benefits  of  pest-
 icides.   The continued  importance of  improving review processes  is  reflected  in
 1985 projections  for  the separate  program areas.

 REGISTRATION ACTIVITIES

      FIFRA and  FFDCA authorize  EPA to set  the terms  and  conditions  of  pesticide
 registration,  marketing,  and use.   The purpose  of Federal  registration  of  pest-
 icides  by EPA is  to  protect public  health  and  the  environment  from  unreasonable
 risks while  allowing users  the benefits   of  needed pesticides.   Under the Regis-
 tration  program,   new   pesticide  products are  registered  on  the  basis   of  data
 reviewed by  Agency scientists,  and  current  registrations  are amended  to add new
 uses and/or  new formulations.

      The Registration program faces major uncertainties as a result  of two recent
 court decisions,  the  scope  and  effect  of   which  have not  yet  been  determined.
 Depending on the  outcomes  of detailed  negotiations,  rule-making,  and the appeals
 process, these  decisions   could   necessitate  comprehensive   revisions  to  Agency
 policies and procedures.
                                         P-3
-------
   The Special Registration program will  continue to perform  an  auxiliary  function
by permitting certain unregistered  pesticide uses to serve for experimental  purposes
(including temporary tolerances for residues on food destined for the market) and to
deal with  emergency  pest  situations.    It  also  provides  oversight and  guidance to
State Registration  and  Experimental  Use  Permit  programs.   The  Tolerance  program
establishes safe and enforceable tolerance levels (or in  some instances exemptions
from tolerance  requirements)   for  pesticide  residues   in  or on  raw  agriculture
commodities and processed  foods.   Tolerances  (maximum permissible  residue  levels)
are set for both active and inert pesticide ingredients.

     The Agency will  initiate a  program  of  field  and laboratory  studies  of  the
efficiency of protective  clothing  and the efficacy of current  protective  clothing
technology as a means of reducing exposure. This activity will  build upon  previous
investigations of protective clothing  and develop options  for a  regulatory  strategy
and will propose ways to  increase use of protective clothing.  This  is  a  critical
area, since requiring protective  clothing is  a  key strategy  to  reduce  exposure to
an acceptable level.

     The Agency will  continue the enhancement  of  outmoded information  management
support systems to improve Agency responses to public  requests for pesticide infor-
mation.  This  system  will  thus facilitate  not  only the  Registration program,  but
also reregistrations and special  reviews.

GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW AND REREGISTRATION

     The registrations of  the  majority of  existing pesticide chemicals are supported
by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient to  support  statutory  determi-
nations of no unreasonable  risk.   The Generic Chemical  Review program  is  designed
to remedy this  by  reviewing  current  knowledge  about  each  chemical,  requiring  up-
grading of the  scientific  data  base supporting  registrations,  and establishing
scientifically based regulatory  standards for reregi strati on of  existing  products
and registration of  future products.   The Agency will  review,  for the  first  time
in significant  numbers,  scientific studies  conducted by registrants  in  response
to recently established data requirements.

     The Generic  Chemical  Review  program, through  its  special  review  (formerly
Rebuttable Presumption  Against  Registration,   or  RPAR)   activities,  also   system-
atically identifies  and  takes appropriate  regulatory  action  on special  problems
which some pesticides  are  found   to  pose  for  human  health  and the environment.

PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT

     Pesticides enforcement  activities  and  the  certification   and training  of
restricted use  pesticide   applicators  are undertaken   primarily  by  States   and
Territories through  two  grant  programs.   The  Agency  will  continue  to  provide
program direction  and management for the operation  of the  grant  programs.

     In addition  to  supporting   State  activities,  the  Agency  also  conducts  a
limited Federal Pesticide  Enforcement  program,  principally  through the  Regions,
which initiates enforcement in  response  to the  four nondelegated State referrals,
undertakes laboratory  inspections   and  data  audits,  conducts   import  and  export
surveillance, provides technical  and compliance  assistance to States, the regulated
community, and the public, and operates a  computer system for data  on registration
of pesticide   producer  establishments and  for  other  enforcement   related  data.

     Headquarters  enforcement   personnel   provide  support  for the  development  of
FIFRA regulations, development of  compliance monitoring strategies  and  enforcement
response policies as new  rules  become effective, as well  as  annual  grant  guidance
for both the  Enforcement and Certification and Training  grant programs.
                                       P-4
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

     EPA's pesticides research efforts  provide  the scientific basis  for  pesticide
compliance and  registration  activities.   The  thrust  of  these  activities  is  to
provide an understanding of pesticide interactions with  humans  and the environment
in order  to  ensure  maximum  effectiveness  of  pest control  measures  with  minimum
adverse effects to human health and the  environment.   The research program provides
an integrated mix  of health, monitoring,  environmental processes,  engineering,  and
risk assessment activities  to improve the scientific  basis  for pesticide abatement,
control, and compliance  efforts.

   In 1985, the  research program will devote  additional  resources to  develop  and
validate test methods necessary to  measure  the  effect  of pesticides.   In  addition,
a portion of the increase will be  used  to support quality assurance,  and research
to evaluate  the safety  of  protective   clothing  used   by  pesticide  applicators.
                                        P-5
-------
                            Actual
                             1983
                                     PESTICIDES
Budget
Estimate
  1984
Program Activities
Registration Standard
 Guidance Packages
 Established	      23
Chemical Data Call-In
 Requirements	      75
Incoming Data Call-In and
 Registration Standard
 Data Reviews	
Special Review Decisions..       8
Laboratory Data Audits....      36
New Chemical and Biora-
 tional Reviews	     281
Old Chemical Reviews	   8,455
Amended Registration
 Reviews	2_/   8,971
New Use Reviews	
Emergency Exemption
 Reviews	     754
Experimental Use Permit
 Reviews	     399
24(c) State Registration
 Reviews	   1,058
Temporary Tolerance
 Petitions	     141
5(f) State Experimental
 Use Permit Reviews	
Tolerance Petition
 Reviews	     551
Inert Ingredient
 Request Reviews	      46
Producer Establishment
 Inspections	4/   2,236
Use/Reentry and
 Experimental Use
 Observations	4_/  16,328
Marketplace
 Investi gati ons	4/  20,896
Import Inspections	4/     512
State Applicator License
 and Record Inspections...  16,508
State Dealer Record
 Inspections	  12,414
Federal Laboratory
 Inspections	      39
  9,344

  6,402
     80

  9,530

  6,049

     40
Amendment/
Current
Estimate
 1984
Estimate
 1985
35
70
10
18
250
8,500
20,300
1503/
770
425
1,100
175
100
640
50
2,360
25
70
10
60
260
3,700
7.0001/
135~
770
425
1,100
175
100
600
50
2,411
25
70
560
11
60
280
3,750
7,000
135
770
425
1,100
175
100
600
50
2,410
 16,306     19,175
 19,203
    703

 16,304

 12,355

     40
 16,530
    703

 16,304

 12,355

     40
Increase +
Decrease -
1985 vs. 1984
                                          +560
                                          +  1
                                          + 20
                                          + 50
                                            -1
      -2,673
\J  The number projected in the 1984 justification was 20,300.  This number included
    13,300 "supplemental"  registrations.   Since these  are  no longer processed  or
    tracked, they have been removed for proper comparison purposes.
2/  Amended  registration  reviews include  amendments  to current  pesticide  labels,
    administrative amendments, and supplemental  registrations.
3/  Included  in  earlier years under Old Chemical Reviews and Amended  Registration
    Reviews.
4/  Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities.
                                             P-6
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

PESTICIDES                                                                    P-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Pesticides Research	    P-8
                                        P-7
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                                     PESTICIDES
                                Pesticides Research
Major Outputs/Milestones

Develop and Validate Test Methods
That Identify Health and Environ-
mental Effects

- Report on the effects of toxic
  exposure during selected
  critical  development periods on
  sexual dimorphisms ^Health)

- Report on data requirements
  for testing the safety of
  Biological  Control Agents
  (Env. Processes)

- Report on method evaluation
  for predicting the effects
  of a pesticide on non-target
  organi sms i n a freshwater
  pond (Env.  Processes)

- Report on field evaluation of
  EPA reproductive test for avian
  speci es usi ng Endrin
  (Env. Processes)

Provide Quality Assurance Assistance

- Provide high purity chemicals
  and comparison samples
  (Monitori ng)

Develop and Validate Techniques That
Assess Exposure

- Report on the pesticide leaching/
  migration field study (Env. Processes)

- Manual -  Pesticide leaching potential
  using PRZM-1 (Env. Processes)

- Report on review publication
  describing  and evaluating
  available methodology for
  human exposure estimation (Health)

Conduct and  Review Risk Assessments

- Provide human health related risk
  assessments  (Scientific Assessment)
Actual
 1983
Amendment/
Current
Estimate    Estimate
  1984        1985
  6/86
 10/83
  5/84
  6/86
 10/84
  5/84
 6/86
10/85
                1/85
              1/85
  9/83
  9/84
 9/85
  3/84
  4/84
 12/86
  3/84
  4/84
 12/86
 3/85
12/86
 9/83
  9/84
 9/85
                                       P-ll
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                                     PESTICIDES


                                Pesticides Research


Budget Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $8,038,500 supported by  109.3  total  workyears
for 1985, an  increase  of  $1,743,500 and 1.0 workyear from  1984.   Included in this
total is  $5,310,100 for  Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $2,728,400  for Research  and
Development, with increases of $688,100 and $1,055,400 respectively.  The increased
resources will be used for the development and validation of test methods necessary
to measure the  effect  of pesticides, quality  assurance, and  research  to evaluate
the safety of protective clothing used by pesticides applicators.

Program Description

     Research focuses  on  increasing our  understanding  of  how  pesticides interact
with man's activities  and the environment,  to  assure that  their use  can minimize
damage from pests,  while maximizing the  protection  of man's food and fiber and the
environment from unreasonable adverse effects.

     Objective 1.  Develop Methodologies That Improve the Agency's Risk  Assessment
Capability Under FIFRft.Thisactivitydevelopsand"validatesneworimproved
environmental  and  public  health  risk  assessment  methods.   The  risk  assessment
methods represent an improved capability for the Office  of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
to analyze and  aggregate  the  data  submitted  by  the pesticide  industry to determine
the risks and benefits resulting from pesticide  usage.

     Objective 2.  Develop  and  Validate  Test   Methods  That  Identify  Health  and
Environmental   Effects  of  Pesticides  for  the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement"
Programs^This  research  effort  wil 1  supply  validated   environmental  and  health
assay methods  for  use  by  industry.  Research  under  this  objective is  needed  to
develop valid test  protocols  to meet • pesticide  registration  requirements  and  en-
forcement responsibilities under Section 3 and 26 of FIFRA.

     Objective 3.  Define  the Environmental, Health and  Engineering  Endpoints  of
Pesticides to Determine Possible Future Test Method Development.This work identi-
fies the toxic  effects  of  pesticides with which the  Agency should  concern itself.
Once the appropriate  effects  of  concern  are identified, research  results  can  be
utilized to determine likely candidates for test method development.

     Objective 4.  Provide Quality Assurance Assistance and  Support for the  Pesti-
cides  Repository Program. Regional/State Laboratories,  and  Other FIFRA ActivitiesT
EPA maintains a repository  of high purity  chemicals  that  serves as  standards  for
internal  quality control to ensure  that data  in  support  of  pesticides registration
is accurate,  precise  and  reliable.   In  addition,  the  program provides  quality
assurance support  to  the  Office of  Pesticide Programs  contract  laboratories  in
their analytical efforts.

     Objective 5.  Develop and Validate Techniques  That  Assess Human and  Environ-
mentaT"Exposure  to  Pesticides for the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Program.
In the health area, exposure  data will  be developed to enable the Office of Pesti-
cides Programs  to  set re-entry  intervals to protect susceptible  populations  from
pesticides on treated  fields.  In the environmental  area,  research  develops field
validated exposure  assessment models  to  define  the  concentration  of  pesticides
for use  by  the  Office  of  Pesticide Programs in anticipating  pesticide  impacts  on
populations.
                                        P-12
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     Objective 6.  Conduct and Review Risk Assessments  In Support  of  FIFRA Decision
Maki ngl  This research prepares human health related risk assessments for carcino-
gemc, mutagenic,  and/or  reproductive  effects  of  candidate  pesticide products.

SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of  $432,000 supported by 7.7 total  workyears  for
this program, of  which $404,500 is  for  Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $27,500  is  for
Research and Development.  This increase of $21,600 will  provide  for  the  evaluation
of methods to estimate pesticide dose risk as a result  of oral ingestion.

     Conduct  and  Review  Risk  Assessments  in  Support  of  FIFRA Decision Making.
The scientific assessment program  will  provide and review health risk assessments
and exposure  assessments  for  the  Office  of  Pesticide  Programs.   Reproductive
effects assessment methods will  be modified to address program specific problems.
Procedures for  estimating dermal  absorption of pesticides  will  be compiled  and
evaluated.  Methods evaluation for  estimating pesticide dose-rate and  oral ingestion
(e.g. from  food)  are  of particular importance  where pesticides are   concerned.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $410,400 and 7.7 total workyears
to this program, of which $382,900 is under the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation
and $27,500 is for extramural   purposes under the Research  and  Development  appropria-
tion.

     Conduct  and  Review  Risk  Assessments  in  Support  of  FIFRA Deci si on Making.
The scientific  assessment  program  continues to  proVide and  review health  ri sk
assessments and   exposure assessments.   Exposure  assessments  are being reviewed
and assessment methods  are  modified to  address program  specific problems.   Risk
assessment support  is provided  to  OPP  on  selected  chemicals for carci nogem'city,
mutagenicity and reproductive  effects.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

    There is no  change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of $281,900 and 6.2 total  workyears  for
this program, of which $271,400 was  under the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $10,500 was for  extramural  purposes  under  the Research and Development  appro-
pri at ion.

     Conduct  and  Review  Risk  Assessments  in  Support  of  FIFRA Decision Making.
Exposure assessment   guideli nes  and"handbooks  were  revi sed Tn  accordance  with
Science Advisory Board review  comments.   Further  changes in  the  exposure handbook
were recommended by  an  extramural  peer  panel.   The guidelines were  submitted  for
final  disposition to  the  Science Advisory  Board.  Risk  assessment support   was
provided for  carci nogeni city,   mutagenicity  and  adverse  reproductive  effects  as
requested  by OPP.
                                       P-13
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $1,152,200 supported by 8.1 total workyears for
this program,  of  which $492,900  is  for Salaries and  Expenses  and  $659,300  is for
Research and Development.  The increases  of  $25,800 in the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $251,300 in the Research  and Development  appropriation  reflect
the need to recertify the purity  of  the chemical standards and to revise the certi-
fication manuals.

     Provide Quality Assurance Assi stance  and Support  for the Pesticide Repository
Program, Regional/state Laboratories and Other FIFRA Activites.Thi s program mai n-
tains the  Pesticide  Repository of  high  purity  chemi cals which  are used  by over
1400 laboratories in the  United  States and  foreign countries.  These  are  used as
standard analytical  reference  samples  for  internal  quality control  to  ensure that
test data is accurate,  precise, and reliable.   In addition, i nterl aboratory compari-
son samples  will  be prepared  and used to assist  contractor laboratories  of the
Office of Pesticide  Programs  in their analytical efforts.

     Since the shelf life of the chemicals in the repository is limited, the addi-
tional funds will  be  used to institute a  recertification  program to  assure the
purity and  integrity  of the  chemicals.   The additional funds  will also  be used
to revise  and  publish quality assurance  manuals.   Without   significant  revision,
the existing manuals are falling  further out-of-date and their usefulness is dimin-
i shi ng rapidly.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $875,100 and 8.1 total  workyears
to this program, of  which  $467,100 is under the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation
and $408,000 is under the Research and  Development appropriation.

     Provide Quality Assurance Assi stance  and Support  for the Pesticide  Repository
Program,  Regional/State  Laboratories  and  Other FIFRA   Activities?  The  funds are
being used  to  support  the   .Pesticide Repository  which  distributes  analytical
reference samples to the Environmental  Protection  Agency and  other Federal  labora-
tories, as well  as  State, local, university  and industrial laboratories.  In addi-
tion, i nterl aboratory comparison  samples are  prepared  and distributed to the Office
of Pesticide  Program's  contract  laboratories  for  use  in  their  analytical  work.

1984 Explanation of  Changes  from  the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$3,800  results from the following action:

     -ReprogramnriI ng.  (-$3,800) A reprogrammi ng  was  made to this  activity  which
was not report able  under the  Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.   This change
resulted in a  net decrease of -$3,800  to  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a total  of $696,300 and  6.3 total  workyears for
this program, of  which,  $463,100 is  under  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $233,200 is under the Research and  Development appropriation.

     Provide Quality Assurance Assistance  and Support  for the Pesticide  Repository
Program, Regional/State Laboratories and Other FIFRA Activities.  A  major part  of
this effort was the maintenance of the pesticide repository  of chemicals which are
materials used  by  over  1400 agencies  including:  the  Environmental  Protection
Agency, other  Federal,  State,  local,  university,  and industrial  laboratories.
                                       P-14
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $3,212,000  supported by  37.2  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $2,049,600 is for  Salaries  and Expenses and $1,162,400
is for  Research and  Development.   This  reflects  an increase  of $360,600  and  an
increase of $113,100, respectively.   The  increase  of $360,600  will  provide for the
development of  health effects  test  methods  and  additional  data  on  the  effects
of biological pesticides.  The increase in extramural funds will be used to develop
new models for public health risk assessment.

     Develop  Methodologies  that  Improve  the Agency's Risk Assessment Capability
Under FIFRA.The  1985  program  will   provide  new  and  improved  animal models  to
assess teratology  data   and   reproductive  risks   from  pesticides.   These  models
represent an improved capability to analyze and aggregate the data submitted by the
pesticide industry  to determine the  risks  and  benefits   resulting  from  pesticide
usage.

     Develop  and  Validate  Test  Methods  that  Identify Health and Environmental
Effects  of  Pesticides for FIFRA Registration  and Enforcement Programs.This re-
search effort will  continue  to  supply validated health assay  methods for industry
to use to  produce   a  reliable   data  base.   The increase  in  1985 will be  used  to
develop additional  test  methods  in  the  areas  of  reproduction/teratology,  muta-
genesis/ carcinogenicity (genotoxic effects)  neurotoxicology  and immunotoxicology.
Research under  this  objective  is  needed to develop  validated  test  protocols  to
meet pesticide  registration   requirements and  enforcement responsibilities  under
Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.

     Define  the  Environmental,  Health  and  Engineering Endpoints of Pesticides
that Determine Possible Future Test Method Development.Additional funds in this
area will strengthen efforts  to  define the critical public  health effects pertaining
to biological pesticides.  We will  provide data on  the  immunological  effects which
are generally well  defined for  adults, but more research  is  needed for developing
effects information  for  children.    This work  is  required   to safeguard  public
health under Sections 3,  4, 5, and 24 of FIFRA.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating a total of $2,738,300  and 37.2 total  work-
years to this  program,   of which  $1,689,000  is  under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $1,049,300 is  for   extramural  purposes under  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Develop  Methodologies  that  Improve the Agency's  Risk Asssessment Capability
Under FIFRA.Research is  continuing  on  the  development  of modelsfor evaluating
ri sks on the basis  of laboratory animal  studies.   Emphasis in  this  research  is  on
reproductive and teratologic  effects.

     Develop   and  Validate   Test  Methods   That  Identify Health and Environmental
Effect!  of  Pesticides   for   the  FIFRA  Registration  and  Enforcement  ProgramsT
This research effort  validates  health assay  methods in the areas of  reproduction/
teratology, mutagenesis/carcinogenesis (genotoxic effects) and  neurotoxicology for
industry to use  to  produce a reliable data base that the  Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams can use to estimate the risk to  humans.

     Define  the Environmental   and  Health   Endpoints of  Pesticides That  Determine
Possible Future Test Method Develoment.  This  work  effort  defines  tfie   critical
public health effects pertaining  to   biological  pesticides.    Also,  human  health
endpoints are currently generally well  defined  for adults, but  additional  work  is
needed for developing  endpoints  for children.
                                       P-15
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of  $2,244,500 and 20.9 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,046,200 was  under the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $1,198,300 was for extramural  purposes under the Research and Development
appropri at ion.

     Develop  Methodologies   that   Improve  the Agency's  Ri sk Assessment Capability
Under FIFRA.  Dermal   anarespiratory  exposure studi es  on  home   gardeners  usi ng
Di azi non and on  apple thinners using  Guthion and phasalone have been completed and
published.  Studies have been  completed  comparing two  methods for  assessment  of
hand exposure to pesticides  during  mixing, loading and application.

     Develop  and  Validate  Test Methods that   Identify   Health  and  Environmental
Effects  of  Pesticides  for the FIFRA  Registration  and Enforcement Programs.  A"
report on the  Development  of Mutagenicity  Test  Battery  for Human  Risk  Estimates
was completed.

     Define  the  Environmental  and Health  Endpoints  for Pesticides to Determine
Possible Future Test Method  Development.   Studies are continuing on insect viruses.
Methods are being developed  for  studying potential DNA replication and gene expres-
sion in  mammalian  cells.   In  studies   in rats, the herbicide Nitrofen has  been
found to induce hernias in  offsprings at  maternal dosage levels as low as 1 mg/kg.
Input from these studies are provided to  the  Office of  Pesticide  Programs  to aid
in the  registration  decision on  this  compound.   Age-related  dermal  penetration
studies in an in vivo rat model  were completed on 12 pesticides.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $601,300  supported  by  1.0 workyear  for this
program, of which $51,300 is for Salaries  and Expenses and $550,000 is for Research
and Development.  This is a  new  activity designed to provide procedures for select-
ing protective  clothing  materials  to minimize  exposure  of  applicators  to  highly
toxic pesticides.

     Define  the  Environmental, Health  and Engi neeri ng  Endpoi nts of Pesticides to
Determine Future Test Method Development.  Research  act i  vi ti es  will   be  initiated
to provide interim user manuals for  selection  of  protective  apparel  by conducting
standardization laboratory   evaluations  (including  those  by  the  American  Society
for Testing  Materials)  on  the  permeability  and  penetrability  of  various  fabrics
and rubber  compounds  by  highly  toxic  pesticides  (e.g.  carbamates  and  organo-
phosphates).  Additional  studies will  establish the effects of  apparel degradation
(wear) and  decontamination   (e.g.    laundering)   on   pesticide   retention,  and  on
apparel protective capability.   Ultimately,  a  'Field Users Guide' will be developed
for selection of toxic pesticide protective  apparel based on scientifically accept-
able data from field testing under  'real world'  use conditions.

1984 Program

     This effort was not part of the  1984  program.

1983 Accomplishments

     This effort was not part of the  1983  program.
                                       P-16
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $2,641,000 supported by  55.3  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $2,311,800 is for Salaries and Expenses and $329,200 is
for Research  and Development.   The  increase of $228,800  in the Salaries  and  Ex-
penses appropriation  and   $141,000  in the  Research and  Development  appropriation
will be used to  validate test methods for inclusion in test guidelines.

     Develop  and  Validate  Test  Methods  That  Identify Health and Environmental
Effects  of  Pesticides  for FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Programs.This re-
search will  continue  to  identify, develop,  refine  arid  evaluate  the  impacts  of
biological control agents  and selected chemical pesticides on non-target estuarine/
marine, freshwater and terrestrial  biota.   This includes  toxicological  evaluations
on various life-cycle  stages of  fishes, invertebrates  (insects),  mammals, crusta-
ceans and  avian  species.   Improved testing methods/ protocols  will  be  supplied to
the Office of  Pesticide  Programs  for test  guideline  modifications.  Other effects
information will be used  by the Agency  for registration/re-registration and in the
review of  enforcement activities.

     Increased resources  will  be utilized  to perform  detailed field  validation
studies which will be  conducted at representative  sites to  verify  that techniques
and information  derived in the  laboratory  are  applicable  for use in hazard assess-
ment where pesticides are  used  under  natural conditions.  This  research  will  pro-
vide the basis for re-evaluating  criteria used  in judging whether a given pesticide
use requires regulatory action.

     Define Environmental, Health and Engineering Endpoints of Pesticides to Deter-
mine Possible Future Test Method Development.Researchwillcontinuetodevelop
modeling approaches for assessments  of pesticide perturbations  on  natural  aquatic
ecosystems.  Variables such as  indicator species,  sediment  properties  and element
cycling will factor into  this investigation.  These  studies will incorporate various
pesticide concentration distributions and  expected effects  using  existing  models
to determine the appropriate levels   of  organisms  (populations,  communities)  which
best represent crucial endpoints to indicate  stress  to  the  system.   Results  will
be supportive to hazard and risk assessments made by  the Office of Pesticide Programs
and in enforcement actions.

     Develop  and  Validate Techniques that Assess Human and Environmental Exposure
to Pesticides for the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Program.  TRe  research  Tn"
this objective will continue to develop and validate mathematical  and other predic-
tive or descriptive techniques  to estimate  adverse pesticide  exposure  in  aquatic
(freshwater and  marine)  and  terrestrial   environments.   Such  determinations  will
include pesticide  distribution,  transport,  fate  (biodegradation)  and  exposure
levels in these  ecosystems.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  a total of  $2,271,200  and  55.3 total  work-
years to  this  program, of which  $2,083,000  is  under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $188,200  is   for   extramural  purposes  under the  Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Develop   and  Validate  Test  Methods  That  Identify Health and Environmental
Effects  of  Pesticides for the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement   Programs.   This
research includes both field and  laboratory  studies designed to enhance and validate
measurement and testing methodologies  and to determine the effects  of chemical  and/
or biological  pest control  agents on  non-target  organisms.    Field  study emphasis
concerns the  hazard  of  chemical  pesticides,   associated  with  mosquito  control,
                                       P-17
-------
to non-target populations in the estuarine/marine and freshwater media and on  wild
avian species  in  the  terrestrial  media.   Laboratory  studies  will  determine  the
hazards associated with  the  use of biological  or biochemical  pest control  agents
on selected non-target biota.

     Define Environmental and Health  Endpoints of Pesticides  to  Determine  Possible
Future Test Method Development.  This  research  identifies  critical  ecosystem  com-
ponents which are  most  susceptible to pesticide stress and converts  this  information
into mathematical  expressions to provide models for  predicting ecosystem stability.
This capability, which does not now exist within the regulatory  process,  strives to
supply a more  rapid,  efficient  and accurate analytical  procedure  of evaluating ad-
verse changes in entire complex environmental  systems.

     Develop  and   Validate Techniques  That  Assess Human  and  Environmental  Exposure
to  Pesticides  for  the  FIFRA  Registration and Enforcement Program.Predictive
techniques are  being  developed, improved and validated through  field   studies  to
estimate the transport, exposure and fate of pesticides in  the marine,  freshwater
and terrestrial environments.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated a total  of $2,916,300 and 61.4 total workyears
for this program of which $2,300,200  was under the Salaries and  Expenses  appropria-
tion and $616,100  was  for extramural purposes  under the Research and  Development
appropriation.

     Develop  and   Validate  Test  Methods  That  Identify Health  and  Environmental
Effects of Pesticides for the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Program.Labora-
tory research addressed the  application  of  methods  and  techniques  used  in  defining
the role of pesticides effects on non-target single species and selected  populations
under controlled conditions for several  priority chemical  pesticides and biological
control agents.  Planning  was  completed  for  field  studies to  evaluate  laboratory
derived data and investigations were  implemented at  three sites.

     Develop  and  Validate Techniques That Assess Human  and Environmental Exposure
to Pesticides for  the FIFRA Registration and Enforcement  Program.   Research focused
on the generation  of exposure estimates  of pesticide levels which  estuarine/marine,
freshwater and  terrestrial  organisms may  experience. ..  Multimedia exposure  models
were assembled or  expanded incorporating  the research exposure estimates  or  informa-
tion from previously existing data bases.
                                      P-18
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

PESTICIDES                                                                    P-l

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Registration, Special  Registration & Tolerances	    P-20
          Regi stration	    P-22
          Speci al  Regi stration	    P-25
          Tolerances	    P-27
       Generic  Chemical  Review	    P-29
          Generic  Chemical  Review	    P-31
          Special  Reviews - Environmental  Impact Statement (EIS)
              Preparation	    P-33
                                    P-19
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                                    PESTICIDES
               Registration, Special  Registration,  and  Tolerances
Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $21,701,100  supported by  366.3  total  work-
years for this  subactivity,  of  which  $16,463,800  will   be for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and $5,237,300  will  be  for the  Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation,   an  increase  of  $1,218,800 and  12 total  workyears  and
$5,237,300 respectively.  The latter  increase  reflects  $4,228,300 previously  con-
tained in the Generic Chemical Review program element in  1984 and  an actual  increase
of $1,009,000.

Program Description

     The Agency evaluates  all pesticides under  a  "no unreasonable adverse  effects"
standard, taking into  account the economic,  social, and  environmental  risks  and
benefits of the use of  any  pesticide.  The goal  of these  activities  is to facilitate
a steady flow of environmentally  safe products  to  the marketplace.

     Registration —  The   Federal   Insecticide,   Fungicide,  and Rodenticide  Act
(FIFRA), Section 3,  requires  that  a pesticide be  registered  by  EPA  before it  can
legally be sold, distributed,  or made  available  for use.  Under the  Registration
program, new pesticide products are registered and current  registrations are amended
to add uses and/or new  formulations.  Registration is accomplished by  1) reviewing
formulation and use  data  to  ensure  that  use  of  the products will  not result  in
"unreasonable adverse  affects"  to man  or  the environment,  and 2)  limiting  the
risks associated with  use  through  label  precautions,  special  packaging  require-
ments, application directions, and, where necessary,  restriction of  use to trained
applicators.

     Special  Registration  — The  Special Registration program performs  an auxiliary
function to the  registration  process  and  contributes  to  agricultural  production
and public health  by  1) deciding upon  applications  for experimental  use  permits,
2) setting  temporary  tolerances,   3)   reviewing   proposed  emergency   exemptions,
4) reviewing  State registrations of  pesticides distributed  and  used  only within
the registering State  for  special local needs,  and  5) reviewing  State  Experimental
Use Permit plans  and permits necessary to develop  data  for State  special  local
need registrations.  These  functions are  required  by Sections  5,  18,  and 24  of
FIFRA and  Section  408 of the  Federal Food,  Drug,  and  Cosmetic   Act  (FFDCA).

     Tolerances — The Tolerance  program protects  public health while  giving appro-
priate consideration to the production  of  an  adequate, wholesome,  and  economical
food supply.   This  is achieved through  1) ensuring that the maximum  residue levels
likely to be found in foods are  safe  for human  consumption through a  careful review
and evaluation of residue  chemistry and  toxicology data, 2) subsequently  establish-
ing tolerance levels for both active  and  inert ingredients or exemptions  from the
requirement of  a  tolerance,  and 3)  ensuring  through  the  testing  of  analytical
methods that  adequate  enforcement  of the  established tolerance  can be achieved.
Authorizing legislation is contained in the  FFDCA,  as amended,  Sections 402,  406,
408, and 409.


REGISTRATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $16,241,700 supported  by  229.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,004,400 will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,237,300 will be for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropria-
tion, representing  increases  of  $978,500  and  12 total   workyears  and  $5,237,300,
                                       P-22
-------
respectively.  The  Abatement,  Control and Compliance  increase  includes $4,228,300
previously contained  in  the Generic  Chemical  Review  program.   The funds  are  now
included here to more accurately reflect the program activities which they support.
The real increase of $1,009,000 in Abatement, Control  and Compliance and the increase
in workyears and  Salaries  and  Expenses will be  used to  support  increased outputs,
complexities introduced by  recent  court  decisions, update  of existing registration
standards, needed  information  management  improvements,  and  studies  enabling  the
Agency to evaluate the efficacy of protective clothing.

     In 1985, the Agency expects to  conduct  280 reviews of new  chemicals  and bio-
rationals, 3,750  reviews   of  old  chemicals,  7,000  amended  registration  reviews,
and 135 new use reviews.

     The Registration program  will  continue to  process  applications  for registra-
tion of new  chemicals and  biorationals  on a priority basis  while  giving  special
attention to environmentally protective  pesticides  and pest  management techniques
to reduce  reliance  on other,  potentially  more  hazardous  pesticides, and  to help
provide more  effective  pest  control  to U.S.  agriculture.  Improved  cooperation
and understanding  of registration   requirements  will  be  sought  among  pesticide
manufacturers, pesticide users,  State governments,  and others in order to achieve
the goals of FIFRA more effectively and efficiently.

     Working with the Food and  Agricultural  Organization  of the  United  Nations,
the Organization for  Economic  Cooperation  and Development  (OECD),  and  others,  the
Agency will provide active  support to the  effort to  harmonize the various national
testing requirements.

     The Agency will  implement a  systematic  approach  to identifying the  level  of
regulation (full, diminished, or exemption) appropriate  for classes of pesticides,
e.g., chemical families and use  situations.   As provided by  FIFRA,  Section 25(b),
pesticides which are  reviewed  and  found  to be practically  safe  or  adequately reg-
ujated_by another Agency will  be exempted from  regulation.   Registration  fees  may
be implemented' in  late  1985 or  early 1986 to  begin to recover  Agency processing
costs associated with providing special benefits to  applicants.   The fees collected
will be deposited directly  to  the  U.S.  Treasury.  The Agency plans to waive fees
when appropriate to the public interest  and  where fees would cause  undue economic
hardshi p.

     Work will continue on  farm  safety with  continued emphasis  on reentry problems
and impacts of agricultural use on  human  health.  This  program will  focus on educa-
ting farm workers,  growers, applicators,  et_  aj_., about  pesticide  hazards and  on
involving them in  efforts to mitigate  those hazards.  Cooperative agreements, inter-
agency agreements (USDA, DOL,  etc.),  and  contracts  will  be employed to  promote
safe pesticide use  practices  among  various exposure and user groups.   The Agency
will continue to improve labeling to correct faulty  or unclear precautionary state-
ments, to include  guidance on hazards of  use,  and to improve enforcement  against
mi suse.

     The Agency  relies  heavily  on  protective   clothing  and equipment to  reduce
risks to  users  of  important  beneficial,  but  potentially  hazardous,  pesticides.
Unfortunately,  there is much uncertainty concerning  the actual  utility  of  protec-
tive clothing to  reduce pesticide  exposure as  an   alternative  to more  stringent
regulatory actions.    In  1985,  the  Agency  will  initiate  an  accelerated  multiyear
program of field and  laboratory  studies  which  will  provide data  leading to  a com-
prehensive assessment of the use of protective clothing as  a  practical means  of
reducing pesticide exposure to  applicators  and  agricultural  workers.

     Registration standards  will   be  further  integrated  into   the  Registration
program to improve  the  quality  of  registration decisions and  achieve  efficient
registration  procedures.    Under  the  Registration Standards  program,  registrants
are required  to submit new  studies  (which  are reviewed under the Generic  Chemical
                                     P-23
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Review program element).  The  results  of these reviews will require that  existing
standards be amended (funded under the Registration program).  These amendments will
require additional  resources to update  and maintain  documentation  of  scientific
conclusions, regulatory positions,  labeling, and  data  compensation  determinations.

     Improvements in information management support to registration  decision-making
are becoming  increasingly  critical   to  the quality  and efficiency  of the  entire
program and will  be accelerated in  1985.   We  believe that  information  management
holds the greatest promise for continued improved  efficiency and quality of decision-
making in the Pesticides Program.  The outmoded Pesticide Product Information System
(PPIS) will be  improved through conversion to a modern, multi-user,  on-line data
base management system  and by preparations  for subsequent enhancements that  such  a
conversion will permit.  A  system  for  capture and  flexible  use of the  results  of
regulatory decision-making will  also  be funded as  a further step toward an  integrated
pesticide regulation data base.


1984 Program            „

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $10,025,900  supported by  217.6
total workyears,  all  of  which  is  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.

     The Pesticides Program's  tentative  projection  of outputs  during 1984  is  as
follows: new  chemical   reviews:  200; new  biorational  reviews:  60;  old  chemical
reviews: 3,700;  amended registration  reviews:  7,000;  and   new  use reviews:  135.

     Highly significant  factors affecting  our  operations   are  two  recent  court
decisions which have introduced major uncertainties  into the Registration  program.
The National Agricultural  Chemical Association  (NACA) "Cite-all"  decision prohibits
us from requiring registrants to cite all  relevant data  in Agency files  in  support
of their  registration   requests, regardless of  who  submitted  it.   The  Monsanto
decision ruled that  several  sections  of FIFRA  are actually unconstitutional  and
that EPA cannot use another  company's data (without the permission  of that  company)
in support  of  a  registrant's   application.   It   also  restricts EPA's ability  to
release company-submitted data  to anyone without the  permission of  the  submitter.
A request  to  the Supreme Court for a  stay of  this  ruling  was denied.   Although
the Justice Department  has  requested an  expedited briefing   schedule on  the  merits
of the case, it is extremely unlikely that it will  be  decided before the summer  of
1984.  The total  scope  and effect of these  decisions have not yet  been determined.
Depending on the outcome, comprehensive revisions to Agency  policies and  procedures
could be necessary.

     The Agency has already  put in place interim procedures  that allow the program
to continue to function.  However,  for  as long as the Agency is working under the
interim guidelines, the internal  procedures used in  reviewing applications  will
be more  costly and  projected   outputs   reduced,  resulting   in  potential  backlogs
in several catagories.

     Through the implementation of  registration  standards  and  supporting  informa-
tion systems, the  Agency will   improve  the quality  of registration decisions  and
will establish efficient  registration  procedures.   We  anticipate  that a  system
for charging registration  fees  will be  proposed  in  late  1984  or  early  1985  and
that fees may be implemented in late 1985.

     In 1984, the  Registration program  will continue to process applications  for
registration of  new  chemicals  and biorationals  on a  priority  basis  while  giving
special attention to environmentally  protective pesticides and pest management tech-
niques.  The Agency will  continue to improve labeling by requiring  registrants  to
correct faulty precautionary statements  and  include  guidance on hazards  associated
with use, and to develop ways to reduce  worker exposure  through  the  use  of protec-
tive clothing, respirators,  closed system apparatus,  and worker reentry  intervals.
Efforts will continue  in cooperation with  other agencies,   to develop regulatory,
                                        P-24
-------
 research, monitoring, and  labeling policies  to better  control  exposure  of  farm
 workers to pesticides.

      During 1984, management improvement efforts will  be  directed toward  more  effi-
 cient data organization  and  management in  the  highly information-intensive  Pest-
 icides Program.  In  addition  to the  prime  objective of  improving support to the
 Agency's regulatory program,  improvements in information systems will  enable  us to
 improve responses  to  public  requests  for  pesticide  information.   The  Agency is
 working with the United  States  Department  of  Agriculture and Purdue University in
 the continuing development of  the  National  Pesticide Information Retrieval System
 which became  available  through a  commercial  vendor  in  early  1984.   This system
 provides public, on-line  access to EPA label information  on registered products,
 as well as selected State registration  information.


 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      The net decrease of -$230,400  results  from  the  following action:

      -Reprogramming.  (-$230,400)  A reprogramming was made  to this activity  which
 was not reportable  under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This change
 resulted in a net decrease of  -$230,400 to  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.


 1983 Accomplishments

      In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $7,780,200 supported  by   192.8 total  workyears,
 all of which was in the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.

      During 1983, the Agency  conducted  281 reviews  of  new  chemicals and biora-
 tionals, 8,455 reviews of  new  products  containing  old  chemicals identical  or  sub-
-Stanlially^ similar to others  already  registered,  and 8,971 amended   registration
 reviews-—
      In 1983,  process changes  were made to ensure that  the  costs of  registration
 were no  higher  than  necessary.    Improved  process  management   was   accomplished
 through refinement of an automated  tracking  system  as a means of process control,
 streamlining operating procedures, and monitoring the  progress  of priority review
 registrations.   By publishing  guidelines  for  testing  pesticides  for  health and
 environmental  effects, better articulating data  requirements,  and revising appli-
 cation procedures, the  Agency provided  the basis  for  improved  quality  of  data
 submitted in support  of registration applications,  fewer  industry resubmissions,
 and improved timeliness  and  consistency  of  Agency  actions.

      In addition,  rules  have been promulgated to exempt  certain uses of pheromones
 from regulation  under authority  of  Section 25(b) of  FIFRA;  efficacy  data waivers
 were extended  to  include  all  pesticides  except those  bearing claims  for micro-
 organisms posing a threat  to public  health  and fungicides  formulated  to prevent
 mold-formed  toxins;  draft  labels are  now  being accepted in  lieu  of final printed
 labels;  premarket  review of  distributor  (supplemental)  applications was eliminated;
 and a more  flexible  approach  was developed to  determine  packaging effectiveness
 for products requiring child resistant packaging.


 SPECIAL REGISTRATION

 1985 Program Request

      The Agency  requests a  total  of $2,833,800 supported  by  63.1  total  workyears
 for this program,  all  of which  will  be for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
                                        P-25
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     During the course of 1985, the Agency expects to conduct 770  reviews  of  emer-
gency exemptions, 425 reviews of experimental  use permits,  175 reviews  of temporary
tolerances, 1,100 reviews of  special  local  need registrations,  and 100 reviews  of
state experimental use permits.

     In 1985, the Special Registration program will  continue  to focus  on adherence
to statutory and  administrative time  limits,  minimization  of backlogs, and  reduc-
tions in processing times.  Experimental  use permits will  continue to  be processed
on a priority  basis,  with the  Agency  focusing on the  critical  health and  safety
effects of emergency  exemption  requests.   More direct  communication with  affected
parties and  the  States  will  be  employed  to  reduce processing times  and  costs.
State participation in Emergency  Exemption, Experimental  Use Permit,  and  Special
Local Needs programs will be enhanced through EPA guidance and close Federal/State
cooperation.  Where warranted,  reporting requirements  will be reduced and  initial
screening processes limited  to reduce processing times.   Chemical  reviews conducted
as part of the establishment  of registration  standards are expected to facilitate
the Special Registration  program through  chemical  data  base improvements.

     Following a   full-scale  review  of  the program,  revised proposed  regulations
on emergency exemptions will be published in 1985.   Surveillance of State  programs
will be emphasized  to guard  against  unnecessary use of  emergency exemptions  and
special local needs  registrations  as possible  means of  circumventing the  normal
Section 3 registration requirements.

     User fees for some special  registration activities  may be implemented  in  1985.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating $2,719,400 supported by 63.1 total workyears,
all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     In 1984, the Agency  expects  to  conduct 770 reviews for  emergency  exemptions,
425 reviews  for  experimental  use  permits,  100  reviews  for State  experimental  use
permits, 175 reviews_for_temporary tolerances, and 1,100 reviews for special  local.
need registrations. ~      ~                  ~

     In 1984, efficiencies  in the special   registration  process,  featuring a  more
direct working relationship  with affected parties and the  States,  will  continue to
be employed to reduce  processing  times  and costs.  Statutory processing times  for
experimental use   permits  (120 days)  and for  the review of  Section 24(c)  special
local needs  registrations  (90 days)  will   generally  be met.  Decisions  on  FIFRA
Section 18 emergency  exemption  requests  (to allow unregistered  uses to meet  needs
arising from acute and critical  pest outbreaks) will  generally  be reached  before
the requested  implementation  time, and  backlogs will  be  minimized.   The  Agency
will support increased State  responsibilities  for the  issuance of  experimental  use
permits to develop data  for  special  local  needs registrations through reviews  and
approvals of State  experimental use  permit plans and encouragement of  registrants
to seek State experimental use permits when testing in only  one  State  is required.
The Special  Registration  program  should  begin to  benefit  from  additions to  the
chemical data  base  resulting  from chemical reviews  conducted  in  the process  of
establishing registration standards.

     As a  result  of  the  five-year audit of the Special Local Needs and Emergency
Exemptions programs and the  completion  of  Executive Order 12291  review  (requiring
a review  of  each regulation  five  years  after promulgation), the  Agency conducted
a full-scale  review   of  the  emergency exemption  regulation  and  its  implications.
Followup of the Special Local Needs program audit, conducted in  1983, will  continue
in 1984.   Changes under   consideration  include  improvements  in  the management  of
data on State  registrations and the  development  of  procedures  for the conversion
of Section  24(c)  registrations (special  local  needs)  to  Section  3  registrations
(normal registration) when in accordance with  the intent of FIFRA.
                                        P. 26
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      Rules governing the  assessment of  user fees  for  some  special  registration
 activities may be proposed in 1984,  for possible  implementation  in  1985.


 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      The net increase of +$150,000 results  from the  following  action:

      -Reprogramming.  (+$150,000) A reprogramming was  made  to this activity which
 was not reportable  under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This  change
 resulted in a net increase of +$150,000 to  the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.


 1983 Accomplishments

      In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a  total of $2,572,500  supported  by 62.6 total
 workyears, all  of which  was in  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.

      During 1983, the Agency conducted  754  reviews of emergency  exemption  requests,
 399 reviews of experimental use  permits, 141  reviews  of temporary tolerances, and
 1,058 reviews of special  local  needs registrations.

      Major emphasis was placed  on  improving response  times, adhering to  statutory
 deadlines, minimizing backlogs,  and implementing process  efficiencies  and  appro-
 priate regulatory reforms.

      The Agency completed  an  audit  of  the Emergency   Exemption  and  Special Local
 Needs program's work for the past five years.  In addition, a review was  completed
 under Executive Order  12291 of  the emergency  exemption  regulations.   The above
 reviews were conducted  with an  eye toward identification  of  areas  of possible
 abuse wherein registrants might rely excessively on emergency exemptions and  24(c)'s
 (special  local  needs) and,  thereby,  circumvent  the  normal  Section 3 registration
^process'.
      The Agency  conducted studies on  the  feasibility  and desirability of charging
 fees  to  support the processing  of  special  registration actions, including experi-
 mental use permits  and  temporary tolerances.


 TOLERANCES

 1985  Program  Request

      The Agency  requests a total  of $2,625,600 supported by  73.6  total  workyears
 for this program, all of which will  be in the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
 an  increase of  $125,900 for higher workyear costs.

      Requested  resources will  permit an anticipated 600 tolerance petition reviews
 and 50  reviews  of  inert ingredient  requests.  Petition  reviews  will  be  completed
 within statutory  time  limits,  whenever possible.   Meeting  statutory  time limits
 is difficult  for the most complex  petitions  because  of  the  additional  scientific
 review required  for  petitions  involving  far  more  voluminous  and  sophisticated
 data  than   was  anticipated when the  current  time limit  was  enacted  into  law.
 Most  inert  ingredient   requests  and  minor  use  petitions  will  be  processed within
 90 days.

      It  is  expected that new  tolerance  fees  (including  fees  for temporary toler-
 ances) will be  implemented  in 1985  as  authorized  under Section 408 of the Federal
 Food, Drug  and  Cosmetic Act,  to  more  fully  recover the  costs  of processing peti-
 tions.   However,  it is  anticipated  that  most  of the  1985  workload  will  consist
 of petitions  submitted  under  the old  fee  structure.   The Agency plans to continue
 waiving  fees  when  appropriate  to the  public  interest or  where fees  would  cause
 undue economic hardships.
                                        P-27
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1984 Program

     The Agency is allocating  a  total  of $2,499,700 supported by  73.6  total  work-
years, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     The Agency expects  to  conduct 600  tolerance  petition  reviews and 50  reviews
of inert ingredient requests.  Statutory deadlines  will  be  met  for most tolerances
while maintaining a high  level  of scientific review.  Petitions without  statutory
time limits  will  be  completed  on the  same schedule  as petitions with  statutory
requirements.  Most inert  ingredient  requests  will be  processed  within 90  days.
Reduced data  requirements,  through such  modifications  as  crop  group  tolerances,
will permit  processing  for  most  minor  use petitions to  be  completed within  90
days.

     A new tolerance fee structure will  be  completed in  late  1984  or early  1985 to
cover more fully the  costs  of  the  program.   Collections  under the  new fee  schedule
are anticipated in  1985.  A substantial  increase  in  petitions  under  the  current
fee schedule  is expected after notice  of the proposed  increase in  the fee  schedule
is published.   This   could   lead   to  a  temporary  increase  in  backlogs  in  late
1984 and early 1985.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$150,000 results  from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$150,000) A reprogramming  was  made to this  activity  which
was not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in a net decrease of -$150,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of  $2,111,900  supported  by  75.7  total
workyears, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     The Agency  conducted 551  reviews  of  tolerance petitions and  46 reviews  of
inert ingredient requests.   Support was  provided to the  Codex Alimentarius  program
which sets international tolerances and associated  activities.  Process efficiencies
were introduced into  the program such as early  return of  incomplete petitions and
fast-track processing of petitions requiring limited review.  Reduced data require-
ments for minor use pesticides and certain types of biological pesticides were com-
pleted in  1983  and  the applicability  of  some  tolerances was  broadened to  include
crop groupings.   These  changes  will   help   States  in  issuing  special  local  need
registrations for minor  uses; we anticipate  that farmers will benefit significantly
from the changes.  Initial work was begun on the development of a  revised tolerance
fee structure to be completed in 1984 or early 1985.
                                        P-28
-------



















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                                     PESTICIDES


                              Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of $18,345,300  supported  by 224.9 total  workyears
for this  subactivity,  of which  $11,262,900  will be for the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation, and  $7,082,400  will be  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation, an increase of  $1,014,100 and 12 total workyears  and a decrease  of
$3,488,300, respectively.  To more accurately associate the  source  of  funding  with
the work to  be done, in  1985  the Agency has begun  to reflect extramural  funding
in the Registration subactivity.  Total  funding  for the two subactivities increases
by $1,749,000,  yielding a  net  increase  to  Generic Chemical  Review  of  $740,000
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     Generic Chemical Review —  The  primary  goals of  the  Generic  Chemical  Review
program areT)registation standards —  to  enable the Agency  to  meet the mandate
of Section 3  of  FIFRA  to update and reexamine information on  currently  registered
pesticides and  reregister them  as  appropriate,  and  2)  special   review  (formerly
Rebuttable Presumption  Against Registration  or RPAR)  — to  rigorously  evaluate
the risks  and  benifits  of pesticides  with an  identified  potential for  producing
significant adverse health or environmental  effects.

     Special Reviews - Environmental  Impact Statement Preparation  —  The  goal  of
this program is the preparation  of statements which  delineate the impact  on humans
and/or the environment due to  exposure to pesticides which are under consideration
through the special  review process.  Such statements  are part  of  the documentation
leading to special  review  decisions.   In 1985,  this program will   be absorbed  into
the Generic Chemical Review program.


GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $18,345,300  supported  by 224.9 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $11,262,900  will  be  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses ap-
propriation, and  $7,082,400  will  be for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation, representing an  increase  of $1,069,700 and  a decrease of $3,488,300,
respectively.  With  the  realignment  of  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  funds
with the  Registration  program  element,  1985 Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
funds requested for Generic Chemical Review represent  an actual  increase of $740,000.

     The increase of 13.5 workyears and  the net  extramural  increase will  be used  to
begin the  review  of the  incoming  studies  generated by  the  Data Call-In program and
by registration standards  completed  in past  years.   Approximately 560 reviews  of
incoming studies  will  be completed.   One  additional special  review will  also  be
conducted and information systems upgraded.

     Resources requested for 1985 will  enable the  completion  of  11  special  review
decisions.  Added emphasis will  be placed  on reaching final  decisions,  with  ap-
propriate opportunity for  public  review.  The number  of  special   reviews  may  vary
since the initiation of special reviews  relies upon the identification  of  potential
risks during registration  standard development   and  the review  of  new  chemicals.
                                       P-31
-------
     A total  of  60 laboratory audits  is  projected,  the results  of  which will  be
fed into the  special  review  and  registration  processes to assure that  health  and
environmental effects  data  used  to  support  pesticide  registration  actions  are
valid.  The use  of Integrated Pest  Management  (IPM) techniques  in urban pest man-
agement will  be  furthered  in cooperation  with   other  agencies, and  IPM will  be
considered in special  reviews  as the full range of potential  risk-reduction measures
is examined.

     It is anticipated that 25 registration  standards will  be established in 19R5.
The Agency will  continue  to review registration standards in clusters  of similar-use
chemicals, giving priority to those  having high exposure and potential  hazards.   In
addition, the Agency  will  continue to implement the Data  Call-In  program  by  re-
questing long-term  chronic health data on  chemicals  for which  standards have  not
yet been started.   Data  Call-in  is  designed to make these  critical  data available
by the time registration standard development begins.

     The Pesticide  Document  Management  System (POMS)  will  be  upgraded to  allow
efficient maintenance and control  of this  major repository of scientific information
and ready access to the information  by a wide variety of reviewers.

     Pursuant to  the   formulation  of  the  National  Pesticide Monitoring Plan  in
1984, national pesticide  monitoring activities  will  be reshaped.,   The  plan  will
emphasize closer coordination  of the  existing  monitoring programs of Federal agen-
cies and States.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating a total  of  $20,763,900 supported  by  211.4
total workyears  to this  program,  of  which $10,193,200  is for  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation,  and $10,570,700  is for  the Abatement,  Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.

     A total  of  10 special review decisions is anticipated.  During 1984, emphasis
will be placed on  completing  final  resolutions  on those chemicals remaining in the
special review process  in  order  to  resolve  uncertainty  among  producers  and users.
Emphasis will  also be  placed on identifying  and evaluating  new chemicals  which
exceed the  established  risk   criteria.   Revised  risk criteria will  be proposed in
1984 to more  realistically reflect  both  the exposure and hazard aspects of risk.

     Twenty-five registration  standards are  now projected  for  1984.   While this
rate of  production will mean  that  establishment of  standards for  chemicals will
continue into  the  mid 1990's,  the  Agency  will  give priority to those  pesticides
having high  exposure   and  identified   as  potentially hazards.   Among the  factors
considered  in selecting chemicals for  review are volume of use and exposure through
food use.

     Of the  registration  standards  established to  date,  several health problems
have been  identified,  and  corrective actions  taken  to  reduce  risk.   In  every
standard, important health and environmental data  gaps  are identified, and commit-
ments are  being  received  from registrants  to  generate and  submit  required data
expeditiously.  The data needs are determined  on a  case-by-case  basis,  considering
the use  pattern  of each chemical and  its  actual  exposure  potential.  This ensures
that the  Agency  asks  only  for data essential  to its decision process,  and thereby
minimizes costs to registrants and the  public.

     Beginning in  1984,  information system  support  will  be improved.  The need for
system enhancements  and  a  comprehensive  information  systems  approach has  been
identified  by  EPA  and  by the Congress.  In addition, a  total of  60 laboratory data
audits is  projected,   representing  an  increased effort  to  ensure the validity of
laboratory  studies performed  to support  registrations.
                                       P-32
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total  of $20,020,100  supported  by 190.4 total
workyears, of  which $8,341,900  was for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,
$11,528,200 was  for  the  Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,  and
$150,000 was for the Operations, Research and Facilities appropriation.

     Special review decisions  were  reached on  eight  chemicals and  a total  of  36
laboratory audits were performed.  Two  chemicals  (Methanearsonates and Naled) were
returned to the  registration process, and  one  chemical,  Nitrofen  (TOK),  was volun-
tarily cancelled.   Soil fumigation  uses  of Ethylene Dibromide  (EDB)  were subjected
to emergency suspension,  and all  other pesticide uses were proposed for cancellation.
Some uses of EPN, Lindane, and Strychnine were cancelled, and controls were imposed
on the terms and conditions of other uses.  Some  rodenticide uses  of Compound 1080
were proposed for cancellation or modified terms and  conditions of  use.

     The formal Industrial Biotest  (IBT) Laboratory reviews  were completed.   Spon-
sors of IBT studies were notified of the results of the program review and informed
of the necessary corrective steps.

     In 1983, 23 Registration  Standards Guidance Packages were established,  for  a
cumulative total of 65 (cumulative poundage and the percent usage  covered by exist-
ing registration standards  is 931,000,000  pounds or 34.5 percent)  and  the  first
cluster reviews  were  begun.   Data  for  70 chemicals   was  called in  to ensure that
critical data gaps are filled early in  the registration standard process.


SPECIAL REVIEUS - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT  STATEMENT PREPARATION

1985 Program Request   ___     		  _	

     In view of its small  size  and the extent  to which it is functionally integrated
into the Generic  Chemical Review  program, this  program  element  will be absorbed
into that program element  in 1985.   The environmental  impact analysis  is an integral
part of the special review documentation and is not issued as a separate statement.
In 1985, this activity will continue on the same basis as in  1984.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $55,600 supported  by  1.5  total
workyears, all   of  which  is in the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   Special
review activities  for  1984 include preparation  of analyses  of projected  impacts
on humans and/or the  environment due to  a pesticide  exposure.  Such  analyses  are
part of the documentation  supporting  special  review  decisions.  In  developing  the
documentation,  the  Agency  considers the adverse  effects  (health and environmental
impacts) of the pesticide under review.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.
                                       P-33
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of $110,500  supported by 3.0  total  work-
years, all  of  which was  in  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.   Activities
completed included preparation, in  the  special  review process,  of  impact  analyses
concerning exposure  to  pesticides.   The analyses  were  used  to  support  special
review decisions.
                                          P-34
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

PESTICIDES                                                                    P-l

    ENFORCEMENT
       Pesticides Enforcement	     P-36
          Pesti ci des  Enforcement	     P-39
          Pesticides  Enforcement Grants	     P-40
          Pesticides  Certification & Training	     P-41
                                     P-35
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-------
                                     PESTICIDES


                               Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $15,173,300 supported  by  108.2 total  workyears
for this  subactivity,  of which $4,324,600  will  be for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $10,848,700  will be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation, representing an  increase  in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation
of $236,000.  With  some  minor  refinements to the program, the  1985  Pesticides  En-
forcement program will continue its 1984 activities.

Program Description

     Pesticides Enforcement —  The Pesticides  Enforcement  program emphasizes corn-
pi ian"cT^iTFTTFRA~arid~reTated rules and regulations.  This is accomplished primarily
through cooperative enforcement agreements with States  and  Territories.

     The Regional   offices  negotiate  and monitor  grant  activities for the  Cooper-
ative Enforcement  programs  and the  State  Applicator Certification  and  Training
programs, conduct   compliance  monitoring,   enforcement,  certification  and  train-
ing activities in  non-grant  States,  and  monitor  laboratories performing tests  in
support of  FIFRA   regulations.  The  Regional  Pesticide Enforcement  program also
provides compliance assistance  to  the agricultural  chemical  industry,  commercial
and private  applicators,  user   groups, and  States.   Compliance assistance  efforts
are undertaken to  assist these groups  with product  registrations,  special  local
need registrations,  and  emergency  exemptions,  helping  them understand  and meet
their obligations  under FIFRA.

     The Regional   Enforcement  program provides assistance  in enforcement  actions
initiated by the States.  In addition, it prepares and issues notices of  violation
and administrative  orders, with the  concurrence  of the  Office of Enforcement  and
Compliance Monitoring  (OECM),  in  instances   where  the State  does not  participate
in the Cooperative  Enforcement  program  or  where  the  State refers the case  to  the
Agency for action.

     Headquarters  provides  overall program guidance  and  sets  national   program
priorities.  The major functions  of  Headquarters are to provide  support to  regu-
lation development  including policies  and   compliance  strategies;  pro-vide  tech-
nical  case development and general  oversight to cooperative  Federal/State  Enforce-
ment programs  and  Federal/State Applicator Certification and  Training  programs;
and develop the annual grant  guidance  documents.

     Pesticides Enforcement Grants  —   Pesticide cooperative  enforcement  agreements
account for  most  of  the  pesticide compliance  monitoring  enforcement  activities.
Under the  terms   of cooperative  agreements with EPA,  States  inspect  pesticide
producer establishments,  provide marketplace surveillance,  and investigate  pest-
icide use.   The grants also support  the States  in monitoring  pesticide  imports,
inspecting pesticide dealer  records, and  reviewing commercial applicator  records.

     Pesticides Certification and Training — The Agency provides funds, which  are
split between the  Training  program and the Certification  program,  to ensure that
highly toxic, restricted-use pesticides  are handled,  applied, and stored only  by
certified, trained applicators.  Funds for  training applicators are  transferred to
the U.S. Department of Agriculture for distribution to State  Cooperative  Extension
Services.  Certification  funds  are distributed through  grants to designated  State
agencies.  Funds   are  used  by   the  States  for  certification activities  such   as
developing and grading exams, issuing credentials,  monitoring,  training,  and keeping
records of  certified  applicators.   The  Agency  also provides  funding for  Federal
Certification and  Training programs in  Colorado  and  Nebraska.
                                      P-38
-------
 PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT

 1985  Program  Request

      The  Agency  requests  a total of $4,369,900 .supported  by  108.2 total workyears
 for this  program,  of which  $4,324,600  will be  for the Salaries  and  Expenses ap-
 propriation,  and  $45,300  will  be for the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appro-
 priation, representing  an   increase  of  $236,000  in  the Salaries  and  Expenses
 appropriation to  cover  increased salary obligations.   Contract  funds will  be used
 for ADP  support  to store  annual  pesticide production data as  required  by  Section
 7  of  FIFRA  and  for support  of the FIFRA and TSCA  Enforcement  System  (FATES), the
 computer  system used to store  and maintain  compliance data.

      In 1985, the  major emphasis of the Pesticides  Enforcement  program will  be to
 continue  the  level  of  participation  with   the  States through the  grant programs.
 Program emphasis  will   be  on  achieving  compliance  with rules  governing pesticide
 use and production,  mainly through the  cooperative agreements.  As a  consequence
 of the  States'  role in the  compliance program, the  primary  Federal  role  will  be
 oversight of  State Cooperative  Grant  programs,  and administration of  the  Federal
 Applicator Certification and Training  programs in Colorado  (for private applicators)
 and Nebraska  and  of the  Pesticides Enforcement program in Nebraska.   The  Federal
 program will  initiate   enforcement  actions  in  response to  State  referrals.   The
 Agency will also  administers the laboratory inspection  program,  conduct import and
 export surveillance, and provide technical   assistance to States.

      In addition, the Regional Enforcement program will provide  compliance assis-
 tance to  the  agricultural chemical industry,  commercial  and  private  applicators,
 user  groups,  and  States to assist them  to  understand and  comply  with  FIFRA  rules
 and regulations as well  as obtain product   registrations, experimental  use permits,
 special local  need registrations, and  emergency  exemptions.

     Headquarters will   provide  support  to  the FIFRA  regulatory development  and
 review process.   Headquarters  will also develop compliance  monitoring  strategies
 and enforcement response policies  for all  rules and  orders as  well  as  guidance and
 general oversight to the  cooperative  Federal/State Enforcement programs and  State
 Applicator Certification  and Training  programs.  Technical and  analytical  support
 for Regional  activities  will  be provided.


 1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is allocating  a   total of $4,133,900 supported by  108.2
total  workyears,  of which $4,088,600 is for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation
and $45,300 is for the  Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     The major emphasis  of the  1984 Pesticides  Enforcement  program will  be to  main-
tain the level of State participation with  the  grant  programs  and to negotiate and
oversee the grants.  The  Agency  will  manage 54 cooperative enforcement  agreements
and oversee 51 State  Certification and  52 Training  programs.   Training of  State
personnel  will continue, as will  Federal  compliance monitoring activities, in  those
States not participating in the  grant program and in  those States with  enforcement
issues which   the   State  cannot   adequately address.   The  Pesticide   Enforcement
program will  undertake  laboratory/data  audit inspections, conduct import  and export
surveillance,  and  operate the  computer system for  pesticide producer establishment
registration  and   other  related  enforcement data.    Federal  compliance  assistance
will  continue  to  be provided  to States  and  the regulated community.
                                       P-39
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$159,800 results  from the  following  actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$159,800) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in a  net decrease of  -$500 to the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all  non-program  specific  "support"
type expense dollars into the  Regional  support  program  element.   This  reprogramming
to Salaries and Expenses, totaling -$159,300, was included  in  a reprogramming  letter
to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accompli shments

     In 1983,  the Agency  obligated  $4,129,000  supported  by 107.1 total workyears,
of which $4,038,900  was for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation and $90,100
was for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     During 1983, the  EPA Federal  Compliance  Monitoring  program accomplished the
following:  275  inspections of  pesticide  producing  establishments,  320  use  and
reentry inspections,  327  inspections at  ports  of entry,  892 marketplace inspec-
tions, and  39  laboratory  inspection  audits.   As  a result  of  Federal  and State
efforts, the Agency  issued  296  administrative  orders and  1,473 notices of warning
for product/producer and use violations.

     EPA also  provided  management  and  oversight  to  53  cooperative agreements,
50 State  Certification   programs,   and  52  Training  programs.   State inspectors,
chemists, and  case  preparation  officers were  trained  as  part  of the cooperative
agreements.


PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $8,703,400  for grants  in  the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

     As part  of  the cooperative enforcement  agreements,  States  and Territories
will determine their program priorities and use the  resources provided- to act  upon
these priorities.   State compliance monitoring  activities  will  include  pesticide
producer establishment and marketplace inspections,  use and reentry  investigations,
applicator license and record inspections,  and  dealer record  inspections.

     The Agency will  continue the  Cooperative Enforcement program with 54  States and
Territories.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency  is allocating a total  of $8,703,400  for  grants  in  the
Abatement, Control and  Compliance appropriation.   In 1984, these agreements  stress
compliance with pesticide use and application regulations,  and improvement of State
program priority-setting  methodologies.   As  in previous  years,  the  Pesticides
Enforcement program  will   foster  user  compliance  with label  directions  and  man-
ufacturer adherence to product formulation requirements under FIFRA.

     One new State,  Colorado, will  be added to the  Cooperative Enforcement program
for a total of  54 States and Territories.
                                        P-40
-------
  1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      There  is  no change from the amendment.


  1983 Accomplishments

      In  1983,  the  Agency  obligated  $8,717,900 for  grants  in the  Abatement,  Con-
  trol and Compliance appropriation.  This funding provided  resources  for 53 States
  to  conduct  1,961  establishment  inspections,  16,008  use and  reentry inspections,
  20,004 marketplace  inspections,  185 import  inspections,  16,508  applicator license
  and record  inspections, and 12,414 dealer record inspections.


  PESTICIDES  CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING

  1985 Program Request

      The Agency  requests a total of $2,100,000 for grants in the Abatement, Control
  and Compliance appropriation.  The program will support 51 Applicator Certification
  and 52 Training  programs in States  and  Territories  and a Federally run Certification
  program  in  Colorado  (for  private  applicators),  and Nebraska.   In  addition,  EPA
  will assist States in updating and improving training materials in 1985.

  1984 Program

      In  1984,  the  Agency   is  allocating  a  total   of  $2,100,000  for  grants  in
  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.   This  program will  support
  51  Certification programs  (with the addition  of  a  Commercial Applicator program in
  Colorado) and  52  Training programs  with  States  and  Territories.  In  addition,
  these funds support  Federal  programs  in  Colorado  (for private applicators)  and
  Nebraska.   The resources_wjJL-£p_ntJnue_ to  be used  for  certification and  training
-_af_agpJlicaio_rs_yslag highly toxic, restricted use pesticides.


  1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      There  is  no change from the amendment.


  1983 Accomplishments

      In  1983,  the  Agency   obligated   a total  of  $1,916,800 for  grants  in  the
  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.   These  resources  supported  50
  Certification  and  52 Training programs in  States  and Territories.   In  addition,
  resources funded  Federal  Certification  and  Training  programs  in  Colorado  and
  Nebraska.
                                          P-41
-------
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
RADIATION
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Nonionizing Radiation	     R-5
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Radiation Criteria, Standards  & Guidelines	     R-12
       Radiation Program Implementation	     R-15
       Radiation Environmental  Impact Assessment	     R-18
                                      R-l
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                                      RADIATION


 OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

      EPA's mandate  to protect  the  public  health  and  environment  from adverse
 effects of  radiation  exposure  is derived  from several statutes:  (1) the Federal
 guidance and  general  environmental   standard authorities under  the Atomic Energy
 Act, transferred to EPA  by  Reorganization  Plan #3  of  1970;  (2)  the Clean Air Act
 Amendments of 1977, which provide authority to regulate radioactive  air pollutants
 through the standard setting authorities of the Act; (3) the Resource Conservation
 and Recovery Act and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control  Act, which charge
 EPA with providing  standards for  protection  from waste materials with radioactive
 content; (4) the Nuclear Waste  Policy  Act;  and (5)  other authorities contained in
 the Federal Water Pollution  Control  Act,  the  Marine  Protection Research and Sanctu-
 aries Act,  the  Safe Drinking  Water Act, the  Public  Health Service  Act,  and the
 National Environmental Policy Act.

      EPA's legislative authorities generally  prescribe  an environmental assessment,
 technology assessment, and  standard setting  role for EPA.  In some  cases, enforce-
 ment responsibilities  are vested in other agencies,  notably the Nuclear Regulatory
 Commission.  In these  instances,  EPA performs some oversight  functions  to ensure
 that established standards and  guidance are followed.

      Within the framework of applicable legislation, EPA's radiation  program strat-
 egy includes:  1)  Establish  radiation standards and  guidance that  result in regula-
 tory controls which promise  the greatest reduction in adverse health effects and
 environmental  impacts; 2)   Maintain a capability to  assess  and quantify existing
 and emerging  radiation  problems  and the potential  impact  of  technologies  under
 development; 3)  Evaluate and   respond  to  issues of   serious public  concern,  and
 identify situations where corrective action  is the  responsibility of other organ-
 izations;  and, 4)  Maintain a capability to respond to emergencies  and to aid devel-
. opment and  testing of State,  local,  and  Federal   plans  for  emergency   response.

      Within this general  strategy, highest  priorities have been given to activities
 mandated by the  Clean Air  Act Amendments  of 1977,  radioactive  waste management
 activities, completion of Federal  Guidance  currently under development, and testing
 of State radiological  emergency response  plans.

      The emphasis on the  Clean  Air Act  activities is consistent with  public concern
 over radiation, the existence of a  significant number  of poorly defined and uncon-
 trolled sources that emit radioactive air pollutants,   and the court  decision  man-
 dating EPA action on airborne radionucTides.

      EPA's role in the control   of radioactive waste disposal  is prescribed in the
 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the  Uranium  Mill Tailings Radiation  Control  Act,  and by
 the Interagency Review Group on Nuclear Waste Management.  Areas covered by Federal
 Guidance currently   under development  include  general occupational  exposure  and
 radiofrequency exposure.   EPA responsibilities for  review and testing of emergency
 response plans and  development  of  Protective  Action  Guides are specified in regula-
 tions issued by the Federal  Emergency Management Agency in March  1982.  Monitoring
 of the Three Mile  Island cleanup  is a result  of a  White  House directive for this
 activity.

      EPA's radiation research program provides other EPA offices, as well as other
 Federal, State and  local  agencies, with scientifically credible data,  methodologies,
 and assessments required  to  determine public  exposure  to nonionizing radiation and
 radioactive material  in the  environment  and to control  such exposure.  The Agency's
 nonionizing research program will provide  health  data  and  assessments  for estab-
 lishing, reviewing  and revising the  radiof requency guidelines.  Data  for regulatory
 strategies for  continuous-wave  and  whole  body  exposure will  be  analyzed.   The
 significance of  central  nervous  system  effects  from   low-level  exposures  and the
 risks of exposure for frequencies outside  the range of present guidelines need to
 be determined.  The off-site monitoring program conducted  to  support the Depart-
 ment of Energy's operation of  nuclear test sites and the quality  assurance program
 for radiochemical  analyses   will  be  maintained  at  the  same  level  of  effort.


                                        R-3
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1985 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents

                                                                              PAGE
RADIATION                                                                     R-l
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Nonlonizing Radiation.	     R-5
                                     R-4
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-------
                                     RADIATION
                               Nonionizing Radiation
Major Outputs/Mi lestones

Conduct Off-Site Radiological
Monitoring and Surveillance
Program

-  Provide annual  reports on
   off-site surveillance in
   previous calendar year
   (Monitor! ng)

Conduct an Analytical  Radio-
chemical Quality Assurance Program

-  Report on each laboratory
   quality assurance inter-
   comparison study as completed
   (Monitori ng)

Provide Health Effects Data and
Assessments Necessary to Develop,  Review
and Revise Federal  Radiation Protection
Guidance

-  Provide draft  comprehensive health
   assessment document, Biological
   Effects of Radiofrequency Radfation,
   for SAB review and public comment
   as part of documentation for develop-
   ment of environmental  exposure
   guideli nes (Health)

-  Provide data on the fetotoxic  and
   metabolic effects of nonionizing
   radiation (NIR)  on various species
   so that the effect  of NIR on pregnant
   women and their offspring may be
   predicted with greater confidence
   (Health)

-  Determine the  low intensity ELF fields
   which cause biol-ogical  changes; how
   those changes  occur and animal  impact
   in terms of immunity,  development  and
   behavi or (Health)
Actual
 1983
Amendment/
Current
Estimate
  1984
Estimate
  1985
 7/83
  7/84
  7/85
 9/83
  9/84
  9/85
 7/83
 9/89
  9/89
  9/89
 9/89
  9/89
  9/89
                                       R-7
-------
                                     RADIATION


                               Nonionizing  Radiation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of $2,121,500 supported  by  22.0  total  workyears
for  1985, an increase of $327,800 from 1984.   Included in this total are $1,104,800
for  Salaries and Expenses and $1,016,700 for  Research and Development, representing
an increase of $327,800 in Salaries  and  Expenses.  The increase reflects additional
health effects research on low frequency radiation.

Program Description

     The goal  of the radiation research  program is to provide the Office of Radia-
tion Programs  (ORP), and  other  EPA,  Federal, regional, State  and  local  officials
with  scientifically   credible   data,  methodologies,  and  assessments  required  to
control  and determine public exposure  to non-ionizing radiation (NIR) and to radio-
active mat eri als in the  environment.  The  following  objectives support  this goal:

     Objective 1.   Conduct  Off-Site  Radiological  Monitoring  and   Surveillance
Progranu  The  program  under  this  objective  provides   comprehensive  radi ologi cal
monitoring and surveillance  services  to meet specific Department  of  Energy (DOE)
requirements for its nuclear testing  programs, especially  at  the  Nevada  Test  Site
(NTS).   This work  is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE.

     Objective 2.   Conduct an Analytical  Radi ocherni cal Quality  Assurance  Program.
A quality assurance  (QA)  program i s  conducted  in support  o? Federal,  regional,
State and local laboratories which  assess  radionuclide activities  in  air,  water,
milk, and food to  determine  the  impact  of  local  nuclear facility activities.   The
QA program  supports  the  Office  of  Radiation Programs by  serving  as a  source  of
radionuclide and instrument  standards and  radiochemical methods  for analysis  of
environmental  samples.

     Objective 3.   Provide  Health  Effects   Data  and  Assessment^  Necessary  to
Develop, Review,  and Revise Federal  Radiation  Protection  GufclanceTthis research
supports the responsibilities of  the Office of Radiation Programs for establishing,
reviewing and  revising  environmental exposure guidelines  for non-ionizing radiation.
Despite significant advances  in developing  a data base on the  health  effects of NIR,
many issues remain to be investigated  and resolved in order to ensure that the most
appropriate and comprehensive guidelines are  developed.

MONITORING SYSTEMS AND  QUALITY  ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $223,800  supported  by  5.0 total  workyears for
this program,  of  which $207,100   is  for  Salaries  and   Expenses  and  $16,700  is
for Research  and  Development.   The decrease  of  $7,700 in Salaries  and  Expenses
represents no  substantial  change  from  1984.

     Conduct  Off-Site  Radiological  Monitoring and Surveillance Program.   Nati onal
nuclear  testing activities must be conducted in a way that does not adversely impact
the health and  safety of the population or the quality of  the environment.  To assure
this requires  comprehensive  environmental monitoring and surveillance capabilities.
The Environmental  Protection Agency  (EPA)  provides  these  capabilities to  support
DOE nuclear test activities.  EPA is  an  active  participant in  the  decision-making
process  when tests  are  conducted  and  serves  on  the  test  controller's  advisory
panel.   This panel advises the DOE test  controller  on whether it  is  advisable  to
initiate a test.   At each test, radiation  safety and monitoring teams are deployed
to document environmental  levels of radioactivity  and to be  prepared  for remedial
action in the  event of  accidental  releases.
                                       R-8
-------
     Conduct  an  Analytical   Radiochemical   Quality  Assurance   Program.  Standard
reference materials  and  laboratory  audits  are  necessary  to support  the quality
assurance aspects of the environmental  radiation  monitoring program being  conducted
by program offices, Regions,  States,  nuclear facilities,  and  contract laboratories.
Over 200  of  these  organizations  routinely  make  radiation measurements  which  are
reported to  various local,  State,  and  Federal  agencies.   This research program
provides technical expertise and  guidance to those laboratories for radiochemical
analyses of environmental samples.  Laboratory intercomparison  studies are focused
on the  accuracy  and precision  of measurement  of radioactivity  in milk,  simulated
diet, drinking water, urine, and  air filters.  These data  will  be used in assess-
ments of population exposures to radiation.   A  total of  16  laboratory intercompari-
son studies will  be conducted  in  1985.   The integrity  of standards  or  reference
materials are ensured through continuing  radionuclide traceability studies with  the
National Bureau of  Standards (NBS) and a repository for  NBS-certified  radionuclide
standards will be maintained.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating $231,500 and 5.0 total  workyears  for this
program, of which  $214,800  is  under  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and
$16,700 is under the Research and Development appropriation.

     Conduct Off-Site Radiological  Monitoring  and Surveillance Program.  The off-
site monitoring and surveillance program  at  the Nevada Test Site  and  at  former sites
of nuclear tests is continuing.

     Conductan  AnalyticalRadiochemical   Quality  Assurance  Program.   In  1984,
12 laboratory interconiparison studies are being  conducted  in the quality  assurance
program for samples of food,  milk,  urine  and air.  About  400  radionuclide  standards
and reference materials maintained under the repository program are being distri-
buted to Federal, State,  and  local  laboratories.

1984 Explanationof Changes  from the  Amendment

     The net decrease of -$1,600 results  from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$1,600) A reprogramming was made to this activity  which  was
not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This change  re-
sulted in  a  net decrease of  -$1,600 to the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of  $176,200 and 4.1  total workyears  for
this program, of which $159,500 was  under the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation
and $16,700 was  for extramural purposes under the  Research and Development  appropri-
ation.

     Conduct  Off-Site Radiological   Monitoring and Surveillance Program.  The off-
site monitoring and surveillance program  at  the Nevada Test Site and at  former sites
of nuclear tests was maintained.

     Conduct  an Analytical   Radiochemical  Quality Assurance  Program.   In  1983,  11
laboratory intercomparison studies were  conducted  in the quality assurance program
for samples  of  food, milk,  urine, and air.  About 400   radionuclide standards  and
reference materials  maintained  under the  repository  program were  distributed  to
Federal, State,  and local laboratories  involved  in  monitoring  radiation  in  the
environment.
                                        R-9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,897,700  supported by 17.0 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $897,700  is  for Salaries and Expenses and $1,000,000 is
for Research and  Development.  The  increase  of $335,500  in  the Salaries and  Ex-
penses appropriation reflects an  increase  in  research on  low  frequency  radiation.

     Provide Health Effects Data and Assessments Necessary to  Develop,  Review,  and
Revise Federal  Radiation Protection Guidance.The Agency  isconfronted  with  gaps
in the health data base underlying the current Federal  Radiation Protection  Guide-
lines for radiofrequency (RF) and  microwave radiation  (10 Khz to  100 GHz).  Present-
ly, only continuous wave radiation  (as averaged over the whole  body) can be addressed
in the guidance.  Data  gaps  exist in the following areas.  First,  data on  peak  power,
intermittent, partial  body,  lifetime exposures, wave modulation, and  non-uniform
energy absorption are  not yet fully  available to permit  development  of  regulatory
strategies for these varied and predominating conditions of environmental exposure.
Second, effects on the central nervous system have been identified at extremely  low
levels of  exposure  (e.g.,  interference  with  brain  biochemistry  and cell  growth
and development).  Third,  the potential  risks  posed by exposure to frequencies  out-
side the range of present  guidelines  needs  to  be resolved.

     In order to address these information  gaps, ORP has requested ORD's  assistance
in reaching decisions  on  the need for  regulation  on these frequencies.   In  1985,
research on  radiofrequency  and  microwave  radiation  will  increase on  neurological
effects, long-term low-level exposure, and  dose/extrapolation  modeling.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating  a total of $1,562,200 and  17.0 total work-
years to this program,  of which $562,200 is under  the Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation and  $1,000,000  is  under  the  Research  and  Development  appropriation.

     Provide  Health  Effects Data and Assessments  Necessary to Develop,  Review  and
Revise  Federal   Radiation  Protection  Guidance.In 1984, ORD  will complete  the
necessary  revisions to   the  health  assessment   document,  Biological  Effects of
Radiofrequency  Radiation,  which  was  made available  for public comment and Science
Advisory Board   (SAB)Feview in  July  1983.  This  document accompanies the Federal
Radiation Protection Guidance for  radiofrequency  radiation  to  be  promulgated  in
1984.  During the  review  of  the  health  assessment  document,  several issues were
raised highlighting the need  for  additional  research outside of the scope of  the
current radiation protection guidance.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated a total of $1,276,100 and  18.0 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $935,200  was  under the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropria-
tion and $340,900 was  for  extramural purposes  under the Research and Development
appropriation.

     Provide  Health  Effects  Data  and  Assessments  Necessary  to  Develop, Review
and Revise Federal  Radiation Protection  Guidance.   EPA has  completed  an  external
review draft health  assessment  document  on  radio  frequency  radiation  as part  of
its analyses to  develop Federal  Radiation Protection Guidance.
                                        R-10
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

RADIATION                                                                     R-l

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	     R-12
       Radiation Program Implementation	     R-15
       Radiation Environmental  Impact Assessment	     R-18
                                     R-ll
-------
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                                     RADIATION


                    Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
 Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of  $5,642,000  supported by 74.3  total  workyears
 for this program,  of which $4,046,300 is for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropria-
 tion and $1,595,700  is  for the Abatement, Control and  Compliance  appropriation,  a
 decrease of  $723,700 and  no  change  in workyears.  The  request is an increase  of
 $176,300 for  Salaries and Expenses  and a decrease of $900,000  for  Abatement,  Con-
 trol and Compliance.

 Program Descri ption

     Radiation environmental standards and guidelines are developed and promulgated
 under this  subactivity.   These standards and guidelines  protect the  public  health
 and the environment  by  minimizing risk of radiation exposures  from nuclear  energy
 applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and  occupational
 radiation exposure,  and nonionizing radiation.


 RADIATION CRITERIA.  STANDARDS, AND GUIDELINES

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $5,642,000  supported by 74.3  total  workyears
 for this program,  of which $4,046,300 is for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropria-
 tion and $1,595,700  is  for  the Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance appropriation.
 The request  represents  an increase  of $176,300  for  personnel  and  operating  costs
 and a decrease  of $900,000,  respectively, from  1984.   The decrease in  Abatement,
 Control and  Compliance  results  from  completion  of  support needed for  regulatory
 analyses related primarily to airborne radionuclide activities.

     Work in  1985 will  concentrate   on  three major  areas  of  regulatory effort:
 airborne radionuclides,  radioactive waste management,  and Federal  Guidance.   Atten-
 tion will also be devoted to the mandated review  of the environmental  standards for
 normal operations in the  uranium fuel-cycle  (40 CFR 190).   Airborne  radionuclides
 efforts will  include examination  of  phosphogypsum piles, calciners, and  iron  pel-
 letizers as  candidates  for  inclusion as  source  categories under the  standards
 written under section  112 of  the Clean  Air  Act.   The  standard for uranium  mills
 will also be proposed under that authority.

     As part  of  programs   addressing  the problems  of  radioactive  waste  disposal,
 the Agency  will  hold public  hearings on  its proposal  for generic standards  for
 low-level waste,  and move towards completion  of the work  necessary to  propose  a
 standard for  residual  radioactivity  levels  at  decommissioned  nuclear  facilities
 in 1986.  Technical criteria addressing site  designation, packaging, and  monitoring
 aspects of  ocean  disposal  of  radioactive waste  will  be  completed  to  be  available
 for review of any permit applications.

     Final  Federal Guidance  for radiofrequency  radiation will   be published, and  a
 determination will be made on  the need  for  guidance  for  extremely low  frequency
 radiation.   The Agency will continue to work with  other Federal agencies to implement
 existing standards for active  and inactive  mill  tailings and for high level waste
 disposal.


 1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating a total   of $6,365,700 and  74.3 total work-
years for this program,  of which $3,870,000 is for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
 priation and $2,495,700 is for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.
                                         R-13
-------
     During 1984, efforts  are  concentrated in three areas:   regulation  of  radio-
nuclides under Section  112  of  the Clean Air  Act;  management  of radioactive waste
under the  generally applicable  environmental  standards  authority  of  the  Atomic
Energy Act and the  Nuclear  Waste Policy Act;  and development  of Federal  radiation
guidance under the provisions  of the Atomic Energy Act.   Clean Air Act efforts  are
directed towards  promulgating standards proposed in 1983, and towards developing a
proposal for the regulation of  uranium mills.  Radioactive waste disposal program
activities include:   promulgation  of  the  high  level  waste  standard;   initiation
of the program to develop standards for residual radioactivity levels at  decommis-
sioned nuclear facilities;  and  continued  development  of  generic  waste  standards
for land disposal of low  level  waste.   The Agency  is also participating  in  inter-
national deliberations   related  to the  ocean  disposal  of radioactive  wastes,  as
well as  maintaining a  capability  to  review permit  applications  from  domestic
sources for this  purpose.  Final  guidance for  general  occupational  exposure to
radiation is expected  to be completed  under  the Federal  Guidance  authority,   and
guidance for exposure  to nonionizing  radiation  in  the  radiofrequency  range will
be proposed.  EPA and other Federal agencies will work  together to assure adequate
implementation of existing regulations.

1984 Explanation  of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no  change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $6,369,300  and  68.7  total workyears for this
program, of which  $3,351,300 was for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and
$3,018,000 was for the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.   Contract
funds supported the gathering of data  and analyses  in  support  of standards setting,
particularly in the areas of airborne  radionuclides  and  radioactive waste disposal.
This work  led  to the proposal   of the high level radioactive  waste  standards   and
promulgation of  uranium mill tailings  standards for  active   and  inactive  sites.
Standards were also proposed  to  regulate four source  categories   for  airborne
radionuclides.  Progress was made on  several  other regulatory efforts,  including
disposal standards for  low level  wastes, guidance-for general occupational  radiation
exposure, and guidance  to limit  exposure to radiofrequency radiation.
                                       R-14
-------
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-------
                                     RADIATION


                          Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of  $654,500,  supported by  12.3  total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which  is for  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation,
resulting in an increase of  $32,800.

Program Description

     This program  supports  activities  of  EPA's  Regional  offices  and  includes:
participating in  the   review  and  testing  of  State  radiological  emergency  re-
sponse plans; reviewing environmental  impact  statements  (e.g., light water reactors
and uranium mining and milling); providing the  public  with technical  information;
providing direct assistance  to State  and local  governments with special  radiation
problems of a short-term nature; and providing the radiological expertise needed by
the Regions to manage radiological  problems associated with the drinking water and
hazardous waste programs.


RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $654,500 supported by 12.3 total workyears for
this program, all   of  which  is for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This
represents an  increase  of $32,800 from 1984 for  personnel  and  operating  costs.

     A continued  emphasis  for  the  1985  Regional   program  is technical  assist-                   A
ance to States  in the area of  emergency  response  planning.   EPA assists  States in                   I
the development of radiological emergency response plans  and formally reviews these
plans along  with  other  Federal  agencies  under the  coordination  of  the  Federal
Emergency Management  Agency.   Regional Offices will   continue to be involved in the
characterization and   identification  of   hazardous  radioactive waste  sites.   This
effort supports both the  EPA Headquarter's hazardous waste programs  and the requests
from the States.  The Regions will continue to  be the primary reviewer of environ-
mental impact  statements for  radiation  facilities,  such  as  commercial  nuclear
power plants, uranium mines and mills,  and radioactive waste disposal  facilities.
Other areas of  special concern to Regions  will  he assistance  in the implementation
of the  uranium mill  tailings  standards in  those  Regions affected  and  continued
support to  the States,  particularly  for  the   management  of  radioactive  wastes.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a  total of  $621,700 and 12.3 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which is for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.  In
1984, emergency preparedness  and  technical  assistance to the States on radioactive
waste problems  remains  the  central  focus  of  the EPA  Regional  radiation program.
The Regional program is participating with the Headquarter's staff in developing a
catalog of radiation contaminated sites that may require Superfund remedial actions.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$88,700  results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.   (-$1,800)  A reprogramming  was made to  this activity which
was not reportahle under  the Congressional reprogramming limitations.  These changes
resulted in a  net  decrease of  -$1,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
                                       R-16
-------
     An additional  reprogramming was  made  moving all  non-program specific  "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  support  program element.  This reprogramming
to Salaries and Expenses, totaling -$86,900, was included  in a reprogramming letter
to Congress on September 29,  1983.

1983 Accompli shments

     In 1983,   the  Agency  obligated  $611,900  and  12.3 total  workyears  for  this
program, all  of which was for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.  Emergency
preparedness and technical  assistance to the States and other EPA Regional programs
remained the central focus  of the EPA Regional  radiation program.
                                     R-17
-------
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-------
                                      RADIATION


                      Radiation Environmental  Impact  Assessment
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a  total  of $3,672,600  supported  by  56.0 total workyears
for 1985,  of  which  $3,072,600  is  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $600,000  is  for the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.  This
represents an  increase  of  $133,300 in Salaries  and Expenses  reflecting increased
personnel and operating costs and no change  in workyears.

Program Description

     Activities in this program provide the  information  necessary to identify and
analyze potential radiological health problems having public health impacts and to
support the  development  of  standards  and guidelines.   Also included  under this
subactivity is the  monitoring of  environmental  radiation,  as  well  as laboratory
analysis, technology assessments,  emergency  preparedness,  and emergency response.


RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $3,672,600  supported  by a total of 56.0 work-
years for this program. Of  the request, $3,072,600 is for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $600,000  is for the Abatement, Control and  Compliance appropria-
tion.  This  request  represents an  increase  of  $133,300 in Salaries  and  Expenses
reflecting increased payroll and  operating costs.

     In 1985, this program will continue to support development of  standards under                 |
the Clean Air  Act, the Atomic Energy Act,  and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.  Fully                 *
equipped emergency response capabilities will  be  maintained  at two field locations.
Off-site monitoring of  the  Three  Mile Island  nuclear reactor cleanup will continue.
The Environmental  Radiation Ambient Monitoring  System will  collect  and   analyze
samples of air, precipitation, and milk in its national network to  determine ambient
radiation levels  and  will   maintain its  preparedness to  monitor the  environment
in the  event  of  atmospheric testing of  nuclear  devices.  The quality assurance
program will be operated to ensure accuracy  of all  laboratory  measurements  and data
analyses conducted  either  in-house  or  through  program contracts.   In addition,
support to States, other Federal agencies, and other  parts of EPA will continue in
the form  of  radiochemical   analyses,  technical   assistance,  and EPA participation
in the Conference of Radiation Control  Program Directors.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is allocating  a  total  of $3,539,300 and 56.0 total work-
years for this program, of which  $2,939,300  is for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and $600,000  is for the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     Program activities include:   continued  laboratory  and  technical  support to
standards-setting, maintenance of an emergency response capability,  coordination of
the Regional offices in their review and testing of State  emergency  response plans,
assistance to  other  EPA offices  and  to State  radiological  programs,  and  support
for the Environmental Radiation Ambient  Monitoring  System.   Ocean  disposal  monitor-
ing activities will continue with participation  in  the marketplace seafood  surveys,
and completion of the Massachusetts Bay  survey and  Ocean Dumping inventory  reports.
                                       R-20
-------
The monitoring  of  off-site  releases  at  Three  Mile  Island  will  also  continue.
Additional work will  include  completion of the  measurement  protocol  derived from
the Butte, Montana  radon survey  and  continued  operation of a program-wide quality
assurance plan.   The  1984  program  reflects   continuing  emphasis  on  standards-
setting activities, including  resources  for Clean Air  Act work  necessary to meet
the proposed  regulatory  schedules,  and further  development  of  the standards for
residual radioactivity at decommissioned nuclear  facilities.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $3,246,900 and 58.5 total workyears  for this
program, of which  $2,422,100  was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$824,800 was  for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.  Contract
funds provided  partial   support  to  monitoring  activities  at  Three  Mile   Island
with the American Association  of Retired  People  and the ocean disposal  survey  of
Massachusetts Bay.  Activities  in 1983  included:  continued  laboratory and tech-
nical support to standards-setting, maintenance of an emergency  response  capability,
coordination of the Regional  offices  in  their review  and testing  of  State  emergency
response plans,  and assistance  to  other EPA  offices  and to  State  radiological
programs.  The Environmental Radiation  Ambient Monitoring System was  maintained.
Ocean disposal monitoring activities  included participation in  the Massachusetts
Bay and  marketplace seafood  surveys.  Field  work  on  the  Butte, Montana  radon
survey was completed,  and the program-wide quality  assurance program was continued.
                                       R-21
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                             1-1

    RESEARCH 8 DEVELOPMENT
       Intermedi a Programs	.	     1-6
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       NEPA Compliance &  Federal  Agencies Compliance	     1-19
          NEPA Compl i ance	     1-21
          Federal  Agencies Compliance	     1-22
       Accelerated Review and Permitting..	     1-23
       Interdisciplinary  Training Grants...	     1-26
    ENFORCEMENT
       Enforcement Policy & Technical  Support	     1-29
          Technical  Support - Office  of Enforcement & Compliance
              Monitoring	     1-31
          Enforcement  Policy & Operations	     1-33
                                       1-1
-------



































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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


 OVERVIEW  AND  STRATEGY

      The  Environmental  Protection   Agency's   (EPA)   Interdisciplinary   program   is
 composed  of   several  activities that  cut  across  programmatic  lines  and  are  not
 readily assignable  to  a  specific  media.  These  programs  address environmental
 concerns  that affect  several  media  and  require  an  interdisciplinary  approach.
 The  Interdisciplinary  program includes the Intermedia  research program within  the
 Research  and  Development  function,  the  Federal Agencies  Compliance  program  and
 the  National  Environmental  Policy Act (NEPA)  Compliance program within the  Abate-
 ment and  Control  function,  and  the  legal  aspects  of the  Agency's   enforcement
 efforts.

      The  intermedia  research  program  encompasses four  major activities:  explora-
 tory research,  technical  information  and  liaison,   scientific  assessments,  and
 quality assurance  management.  The  exploratory research program  is EPA's princi-
 pal  means of   conducting   long-range  exploratory   research.    The  research is con-
 ducted  primarily   through   grants  and   the   academic  research centers.  It also
 includes  the  Mussel  Watch  Toxics  Trend  Monitoring  program and  the Senior  Visit-
 ing  Scientist program which  will  be  instituted  to strengthen  science policy  and
 the  research  program.   The technical  information and liaison program  communicates
 technical  and   scientific  information  of the Office  of Research  and  Development
 (ORD).  The  scientific assessment  program has  responsibility  for  developing uni-
 form risk  assessment   guidelines  for Agencywide  application,  assuring   consistency
 of approach  to  guidelines,   and  coordinating  with  other  agencies.   The quality
 assurance program  provides   centralized   management  for  the  Agencywide  quality
 assurance program and  develops  quality assurance policy.

      The  NEPA Compliance  program is  responsible for preparing EPA's Environmental
 Impact Statements (EISs)  or,  alternatively, determining  Findings of No  Significant
 Impact, on  (1)  National  Pollutant  Discharge   Elimination  System  (NPDES)  permits
 for  new  sources in  States where  the  NPDES program  is  Federally  managed  and  (2)
 Federally funded municipal  wastewater treatment projects to assure that new  facil-
 ities with Federal  involvement are  planned, constructed,  and operated   pursuant  to
 Section   511(c) of the  Clean   Water Act  and   NEPA.    In  addition, this  program
 is developing a cooperating agency role for EPA by providing  intermedia  information
 to assist in  the preparation  of other agencies'  EISs.

     The  Federal Agencies  Compliance program  accomplishes statutory objectives  un-
 der  the authority  of  the   National  Environmental  Policy  Act  (NEPA);  Section  309
 of the Clean  Air Act;   and Executive  Order 12088 -  Federal  Compliance  with  Pollu-
 tion Control   Standards.   These laws require EPA to review and comment on   proposed
 actions of other  Federal  agencies to ensure that public health and  the  environment
 are  protected.   In  addition,  Executive Order 12088 directs the Agency to:  (1) pro-
 vide technical advice  and   assistance to  Federal  agencies   to  ensure that  their
 facilities comply   with   pollution  control requirements  in a  cost-effective  and
 timely manner; (2) monitor all Federal facilities compliance with applicable  pollu-
 tion control   requirements; (3) assist Federal  agencies and the Office of Management
 and  Budget (OMB) in developing budgetary  plans  for controlling pollution at Federal
 facilities;  and  (4)  resolve  disputes  regarding  Federal facilities' violation   of
 pollution control requirements through the administrative mechanism  provided  by  the
Order.

     Enforcement Policy  and  Operations  provides consistent  direction   to  EPA  en-
 forcement for all non-Superfund media to  assure the overall quality  of EPA  enforce-
ment.  To accomplish these  goals,  it establishes compliance monitoring   strategies,
 enforcement priorities,  policies,  and  procedural   guidelines  so  that   enforcement
actions are properly selected  and  prepared; continually  evaluates  and refines com-
pliance strategies and enforcement priorities;   and assures that policies and  proce-
dures are correctly implemented  by the  media  enforcement  programs and  Regional
                                         1-3
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offices.  It  conducts all  legal  case  development,  litigation,  and  adjudicatory
hearing activities for media  enforcement  programs,  including  oversight  of evidence
gathering, preparation and  management  of  cases,  and  referral  of  cases  to  the
Department of  Justice for  litigation.   In addition,  this  program  contains  the
Agency's criminal investigations  effort  which entails  investigation,  preparation,
and referral  of  cases  involving  criminal  violations  of environmental  statutes.
Investigators and attorneys   will  provide  support  to  the Department  of  Justice
during subsequent investigation and litigation of these cases.

     The National  Enforcement  Investigations   Center  (NEIC)   in  Denver  provides
specialized technical  expertise  in  support  of  EPA  enforcement  case  preparation
activities.  NEIC serves  as   a point  of  coordination  and  support for  complex in-
vestigations that have a  national  impact  on EPA  and  State regulatory programs.  In
addition, while the  resources for  the criminal  investigation  program  are included
in Enforcement Policy and Operations, the NEIC is responsible for providing program
management and  direction.   In 1985,  NEIC  will  provide  increased  support to  the
Agency's legal  case  preparation  by managing the new  evidence  audit  program.   Evi-
dence audits will ensure  that crucial data and  information  supporting  enforcement
case development  is  fully accurate  and  complete from  both  a  technical  and  legal
standpoint.
                                       1-4
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                                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                                 Table of Contents



                                                                                              PAGE

                INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                             1-1
                    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
                       Intermedia Programs	    1-6
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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                Intermedia Programs
Major Outputs/Milestones

Di ssenri nate Technical Information/
Technology to States and Localities

    Conference:  Thermal Conversion
    of Municipal Sludge

    Manual:  Managing Asbestos in
    Schools and Other Public
    Buildi ngs

    Manual:  Groundwater Management of
    Public Water Supplies Threatened by
    Groundwat er Cont ami nat i on

    Capsule Reports:  Post-Construction
    Evaluations of Innovative Technology
    Projects

    User Guide:  Emergency Action at Hazardous
    Material  Incidents

    Handbook:   Assessing Human Exposure to Toxic
    Substances

Manage/Implement the Exploratory Research
Grants and Centers Program

    Exploratory Research Program:  Report to
    Congress

    Long-Range Research  Strategy

    Issue Grants Program Solicitation

Manage Quality Assurance Program

-  Agencywide implementation
   plan and management strategy

-  Data quality audit protocol
   and conducting audits

-  Annual  Report to Administrator
Actual
  1983
Amendment/
Current
Estimate     Estimate
  1984         1985
3/83
3/83
               6/84
               9/84
                            9/85


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               2/84

               6/84

               2/84



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                                        1-9
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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                                Intermedia  Programs
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of $20,418,100 supported by 68.2 total  workyears,
a decrease of  $453,600  and an increase  of  4.0 workyears  from  1984.   Included in
this total  is  $3,889,900  for Salaries and  Expenses and  $16,528,200  for Research
and Development, an increase  of  $561,000  and a  decrease of $1,014,600 respectively.
The net decrease  is a  result  of several actions,  primarily  the transfer  of the
Economic Benefits  Program from the Office of Research and Development (ORD) to the
Office of  Policy,  Planning  and   Evaluation  and  an increase  in the  exploratory
research, risk  assessment  guidelines,  and quality  assurance  management  programs.

Program Description

     The Intermedia Program contains those ORD  activities which by nature encompass
all media.    These  are  Exploratory  Research,   Technical  Information and  Liaison,
Integrated  Risk Assessment,  and  Quality  Assurance  Management.  The  objectives of
these programs are as  follows:

     Objective 1.   Manage/Implement the   Exploratory  Research  Grants andCenters
ProgramlThe grants program  funds individual investigator initiated ideas in areas
of concern to  the Agency through  an  open,  competitive,  peer-reviewed  evaluation
process.  The  long-term  exploratory  research   centers focus  on  multi-di sci plinary
research in eight  topic  areas.   In addition, the Small Business Innovative Research
program, the  Senior Environmental Employment Program and the Minority Institutions
Support Program are managed under this objective.

     Objective 2.   Manage/Implement the Sci enti fie Forecasting and Trends  Program.
Thi s activity involves the development  of bi omoni tori ng  techniques,  such  as Mussel
Watch, to identify  environmental  trends  in  order to determine  long-term research
and development needs.

     Objective 3.   Manage Technical Information Products.  The purpose of this ob-
ject i 7i~Ts~to~corrf?bTj  revi ew, produce and  distribute ORD  information  products in
the most cost-effective  manner and develop special reports as needed.

     Objective 4.   Manage  Administrative Review  Systems.  This activity provides
guidance and  procedures to improve the  quality of  ORD's  scientific and  technical
information products in order to  enable  ORD to effectively communicate  the latest
available information  and  technology.

     Objective 5.   Disseminate Technical  Information/Technology  to  States   and
Localiti es.   These activities provide State  and local officials with the  technical
data necessary to  meet  regulatory responsibilities  and  enable EPA  to  satisfy the
requirements  of  the   Stevenson-Wydler    Technical   Innovation   Act  (PL-96-480).

     Objective 6.   Manage the Agencywide   Mandatory  Quality Assurance (QA) Program.
Thi s objective involves policy direction, management systems,  and technical guide-
li nes for the  Agencywide mandatory quality assurance  program,  which  all  program
offices, regional  offices, and Agency laboratories must  implement for all in-house
and extramural  environmentally related monitoring projects.
                                        1-10
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     Objective 7.  Assure  Integrated  Risk    Assessment.  This  activity  provides
Agencywide guidance to perform exposure assessments and carcinogenicity, reproduc-
tive effects, and  other  chronic  health effects  risk assessments.  These guidelines
are intended to insure uniform assessments that  rely on  sound scientific principles
and information.

     Objectives.  Manage/Implement   Visiting Scientists  Program:  This objective
involves the development and  implementation  of  programs to  enhance the quality of
the Agency's research programs through the exchange of scientists and the granting
of awards  for  scientific achievement, the major  activity  being the establishment
and operation of a senior visiting scientists program.

SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $821,300 and  16 total  workyears for this pro-
gram, all  of  which is  for  Salaries  and Expenses.  The increase  of 4.0 workyears
and $221,300 reflects  greater support for development  of  uniform risk assessment
methodologi es.

     Assure  Integrated  Risk  Assessment.   In 1985, the  uniform   risk  assessment
effort will be increased to  produce  uniform  guidelines, to  review assessments for
uniformity, and  to coordinate  with  other   Federal  agencies  on   risk  assessment
developments.  The approach  is  to expand the assessment groups within  the  Office
of Health  and  Environmental   Assessment  to  develop technical  assessment  guidance
and to increase  efforts  to  review assessments conducted by  other program  offices
within the Agency.   Coordination of assessments among  offices will be increased by
expanding efforts devoted to Agency work groups and committees.   A revised  set of
exposure, carci nogeni city,  mutagenicity,  and  reproductive effects  assessment guide-
lines that reflect  state-of-the-art  science will be completed.  Guidance for devel-
opment of  chronic  health effects  assessments and environmental  risk  assessments
will  also be developed.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $600,000 and    12  total  work-
years to this program, all  of which is for Salaries and Expenses.

     Assure  Integrated  Risk  Assessment.  During 1984, the Agency is strengthening
its risk assessment base.  As  a  result,  this new activity is  involved  in  the de-
velopment of uniform risk assessment  guidelines.  The  objective of this effort is
to provide consistent quality assessments based on  sound  scientific principles in
a timely fashion to assure an adequate scientific  basis for the Agency's regulatory
decisions involving toxic  chemicals.   Regulatory decisions  increasingly rely  on
risk  assessments.  Currently, guidelines to  assure that risk  assessments are con-
ducted consistently and in accordance  with  sound  scientific  principles  are incom-
plete.   Oversight  of  risk  assessments  are  conducted  only  on  a  limited  basis.
During 1984, risk assessment  guidelines in the areas  of carcinogenicity, reproduc-
tive  effects, other  chronic  effects  and  exposure assessment  are being reviewed.
Where necessary,  these guidelines  will  be revised to reflect advances in the state-
of-the-art.

1984  Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     There is no  change  from  the  amendment.

1983  Accomplishments

     This activity  did  not  exist  as a  separate program element in  1983.
                                       1-11
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND  LIAISON

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $2,633,500  supported by  28.6 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $1,765,300 is for Salaries and Expenses and $868,200 is
for Research  and  Development,  an  increase of  $38,100  and $1,200,  respectively.
This request reflects basically the same program levels as 1984.

     Manage Technical  Information  Products. The Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI)  is and  will  continue to  be the central point for  all  ORD infor-
mation products.   CERI  will track, process, and distribute all  ORD reports, develop
special reports as  needed,  and  produce all  ORD project  summaries  and  reports.
CERI's product management  activities  will  fall into four major areas:  (1) process-
ing reports and journal articles for  submission to the National Technical Informa-
tion Service (NTIS);  (2) reviewing and producing project  summaries;  (3)  printing,
warehousing and distributing  ORD  information  products,  and  (4)  responding  to
requests for  ORD  products.    In   1985,  CERI  plans  to  process  approximately  850
Project Reports and  500 journal articles to  NTIS.   It  will also process approxi-
mately 400 project  summaries  and 80  other  reports.  CERI  will  continue  to process
special requests  for  reports,  respond to telephone  inquiries for publications, and
manage development  of the  Congressional ly mandated Research Outlook.

     Disseminate Technical  Information/Technology to  StatesandLocalities.  In
response to requests  from the  EPA  program  offices and the  needs  expressed  by the
Regions and the States, ORD  continually disseminates the  available technology to
States and  localities  to  enable  them to meet  their  regulatory  responsibilities.

     There are two primary tools used by the  Technology  Transfer Program to carry
out its  mission:  seminars and  publications.   Seminars  are developed  by  a  team
headed by a CERI  staff member.   This team  normally includes both EPA and private
industry personnel  who have expertise in the particular technical discipline being
addressed.  The seminar   presentations  discuss   the   applicable  regulations,  the
multimedia pollution  control  technology available to  meet the  regulations and the
management/financial  consideration in choosing optimum pollution control  stategies.

     The publi cations  prepared  and  disseminated by  the  program  include  design
manuals, technical  capsule reports,  seminar  proceedings,  user's  guides,  and hand-
books.

     Specific  technology  transfer  activities  will  be carried  out  in support  of
several programs  including Oxidants,  Water  Quality,  Municipal  Wastewater, Drinking
Water, Hazardous Waste, and Superfund.

     Manage Administrative Review Systems.  EPA  has  instituted  a   review  process
for sci enti ffci n format ion  and  educational  documents  to  ensure  that  they  are
based on  the   best   scientific  and   technical  evidence  available.    This process
provides a  clearly defined route  for the review and  approval   of the  publications
before their public release.   The  goal  is to establish clear Agency  responsibility
for literature published  in  its name and by  its  employees when they are acting in
an official  capacity.

     Within ORD,  CERI  has the  responsibility  for administering  and  coordinating
the peer  review  process  to insure that  it  is  responsive  and  effective.   It  is
anticipated that  1,500 to  2,000 peer  reviews will be processed in 1985.

1984 Program

     In  1984,  the Agency is allocating  a total  of  $2,594,200  and 28.6 total work-
years to  this  program, of  which  $1,727,200  is  under the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and   $867,000  is  for  extramural   purposes  under  the  Research  and
Development appropriation.
                                        1-12
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     Manage Technical Information Products.   In  1984, CERI  is processing publica-
tions to NTIS, as  well  as  processing and distributing project summaries and other
reports.  These activities ensure that  ORD's scientific and technical  information
products are  produced  cost-effectively, controlled  for quality,  and  distributed
uniformly.   Inquiries  for  reports  are  being  answered,  and  the  Congressional ly-
mandated Research Outlook is  being produced.

     Disseminate  Technical   Information/Technology to States  and Localities.  Var-
ious technology  transferproductsare  being developed,suchas  designmanuals,
user's guides, handbooks, training  seminars, -and  workshops.   These are being pro-
duced in close cooperation  with  the program  offices  and  the Regions  (and often
involve participants from i ndustry)  and generally include discussion of regulations,
best available pollution control technologies,  management and financial  considera-
tions, and case histories of  actual  operations.

     Manage Administrative Review Systems.   Currently, the  implementation of ORD's
technical  information policy, peer review policy,  and public information policy is
being coordinated and monitored by CERI.  The Director of CERI advises the Director
of the  Office of Research Program  Management  and the  Assistant  Administrator for
ORD on particular issues related to the  above policies.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$1,200 results from the  following  action:

     -Reprogrammi ng.  (-$1,200) A  reprogrammi ng was made  to this  activity which
was not report able  under the Congressional  reprogrammi ng limitations.  This change
resulted in a  net  decrease  of  -$1,200 to the  Research  and Development appropria-
tion.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated  a total  of  $2,697,700 and 37.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,837,700 was under  the Salaries  and Expenses appropria-
tion and $860,000  was  for extramural purposes  under the Research and  Development
appropri ation.

     Manage Technical Information  Products.   In  1983,  CERI  was  the  central point
for aTT ORD  information products.   CERI  tracked, processed, and  distributed all
ORD reports,  developed  special  reports,  produced, all  ORD  project  summaries  and
reviewed the project summaries  for  policy implications.   CERI processed 906 docu-
ments to NTIS.   It  also produced the Research  Outlook,  285  project  summaries and
78 other reports.   CERI responded to  31,913 written requests for ORD publications,
14,040 telephone requests for  publications  and  distributed  about 363,000 informa-
tion products.

     Pisserninate Technical  Information/Technology to States  and  Localities.    In
1983, CERI  was i nvol ved  in  the development   of  vari ous  technology transfer tools,
especially handbooks and  seminars.   Examples of  the subjects for  design  manuals
and seminars completed in 1983  were: Managing Asbestos  in Schools and Other Public
Buildings,  which  provided school  officials  with a  tool  for  evaluating their fa-
cilities,  and  a  seminar  on  Protection  of  Public  Water  Supplies  from  Groundwater
Contami nation.

     Manage Administrative Review  Systems.   CERI managed the coordination and imple-
mentation  of ORD's  peer  review  policy.   It  continued its work  on  ORD's technical
information and public  information  policies.
                                        1-13
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EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE  PROGRAM

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $15,738,500  supported  by  10.0  total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $578,500  is for  Salaries  and  Expenses  and $15,160,000
is for Research and Development.  This reflects  an  increase  of $137,200  and  a de-
crease of $1,352,300 respectively.   The decrease results primarily  from the trans-
fer of the  Economic  Benefits  program  from the Office  of  Research  and Development
to the Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation.  This is  offset  somewhat  by an
increase in funding  for the  Visiting Scientists Program.

     Manage/Implement   the Exploratory  Research Grants and Centers Program.  During
1985, the focus for the program will  continue to be research  grants  and  our  eight
academic Research Centers.  However,  the  Agency  will  institute management changes
to improve the  Exploratory  Research  program.  These  changes  should  result  in an
Exploratory Research program that  is  better  focused on our  long-range  needs in a
way that more effectively meets these priorities.  The Agency will  (1) concentrate
on developing a long-term  research  strategy;  (2)  strengthen our management of, and
the role of, the  Centers  to assure that  they  are meeting our  needs.   The Agency
feels that  it must  clearly tie both the Grants and the Centers programs to a long-
range strategy in order for the programs to  be effective.   In the  future, we want
to assure that  both  of these programs  are clearly  connected to  a  long-term strategy.

     In 1985, the Agency will  use the  Grants program to  support research  that will
advance the  state-of-the-art in critical  areas identified  in  the long-range  stra-
tegy.

     The Agency will institute  changes to the management  of  the Research Centers
based on the  results  of the  1984  evaluations of the  Centers.   Additionally, the
Agency will  conduct  a comprehensive review of the four centers which are completing
their first  five years  of  operation.   For  all  of the Centers, the program will em-
phasize increased interaction with ORD laboratories and the Agency  program offices
and dissemination of  the  results  of  research  initiated  during  1982-1984.   The
eight centers and their principal  research areas  are:

     (1) Industrial  Waste  Elimination Center  (Illinois  Institute of Technology and
     the University  of  Notre Dame) conducts  research  on innovative/cost-effective
     process modifications to  reduce industrial pollutants.

     (2) Intermedia  Transport  Center  (University  of California  at  Los Angeles) is
     working on the definition of  chemical/physical  processes governing pollutant
     exchange at air-land  and  air-water boundaries.

     (3) Ecosystem  Center  (Cornell University) is identifying and applying ecosystem
     principles to  environmental management problems.

     (4) Mari ne Center   (University  of  Rhode  Island)  is   conducting  research  on
     measurement and assessment of marine ecosystem  health,  emphasizing exposure
     of marine organisms to  toxics.

     (5) Advanced Control  Technology Center  (University  of  Illinois,  Urbana) con-
     duct TTe"s"ea~rchi n  the  areas  o?   separation technology,  thermal  destruction,
     biological  separation,  and  chemical detoxification.

     (6) Groundwater Center  (a  consortium of the  University  of Oklahoma, Oklahoma
     State  University, and   Rice  University)  conducts   research   on   subsurface
     characterization,  transport   and  fate,  and   groundwater  horizon  modeling.
                                        1-14
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     (7) Epidemiology Center (University of  Pittsburg)  conducts  research  on basic
     epidemiology methods and airborne parti culate  health  effects.

     (8) Hazardous Waste Center (Louisiana State University)  conducts  research on
     the desi gn,  construction,  maintenance,  operation,  and  closure  of hazardous
     waste landfil Is.

     The minority institutions, small  business  innovation, and  national  environmen-
tal workforce programs are the responsibility of this program.  They will  continue
at the same  level of effort in 1985 as in 1984.

     Manage/Implement the Scientific Forecasting  and  Trends  Program.  During  1985,
thi s program wi 11  complete a  comprehensive  survey  of Agency needs for biological
monitoring.  This information  will  be used  to  conduct  a workshop  to  examine the
feasibility of  establishing  a  national  bi omonitoring system.  Projects will  also
be completed summarizing  Mussel  Watch data  obtained  through  1983 and  progress of
the National Specimen Bank.

     Manage/Implement the Visiting Scientists Program.   Resources  for  the  Visiting
Scientists Program will  be increased in  1985  to allow additional scientists to work
at EPA laboratories.   This  program will be coordinated with the Environmental Studies
Board of the National Academy  of  Sciences.   It  is expected that this influx  of new
talent and  ideas  will have  a  significant  impact on  the  research program  in  1985
and subsequent  years.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $16,953,600 and 10.0 total  work-
years to this program, of  which $441,300 is  under the Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and $16,512,300 is for extramural  purposes  under the  Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.

     Manage/Implement the  Exploratory  Research  Grants and   Centers Program.  The
program wi 11 complete a long range research  strategy early in 1984 whi ch wi 11 pro-
vide the focus  for the  program in 1985.   The Centers program continues to provide
coordination of the  Agency's  eight  Exploratory  Research  Centers.   Activities  in-
clude promoting increased  Agency  involvement in  Center  program planning,  insuring
appropriate interaction  among  Centers, and communicating results.   The main  Center
program activities in 1984 include  completing  a  reassessment of  Agency priorities
for the Centers  and  a review  of three centers completing their  fifth  year  of re-
search.

     The minority institutions  research support  program which promotes the  parti-
cipation of minority institutions in the grants  program, and the  national  environ-
mental  workforce program which  provides  support  to the Agency through  the  senior
environmental employment  program and  other  programs  in  support of  state  environ-
mental  workforce needs will continue to  be managed.

     Manage/Implement  the  Scientific  Forecasting  and Trends Program.   This new
program area Tor  1984 is involved in the development of  bi omonitori ng techniques
including the Mussel  Watch  and  the National Specimen  Bank programs.  The major pro-
jects are a survey of Agency needs  for biological monitoring programs  and  coordin-
ation of Mussel  Watch with the National  Atmospheric and Oceanographic  Administra-
tion.                                                       /

     Manage/Implement the Visiting  Scientists  Program.  In 1984, we wi 11  initiate
a  program to bring distinguished senior  scientists  into ORD laboratories to  assist
the Agency in strengthening its science  policy and  research  program.   The  purpose
of the  program is to bring creative  new  ideas  to  our  research  program through  a
resident fellowship  program.
                                      1-15
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1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$138,400  results  from the following action:

     -Reprogramnri ng.   (+$138,400)  A reprogramnri ng was made to this activity which
was not report able under the Congressional  reprogrammi ng limitations.   This change
resulted in a net increase of +$138,400 to the Research and Development appropria-
tion.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated  a total  of  $6,506,100  and 29.0 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $1,595,900 was  for Salaries and Expenses and $4,910,200
was for  extramural   purposes  under  the  Research  and Development  appropriation.

     Manage/Implement the  Exploratory  Research   Grants and  Centers  Program.  In
1983,  the  Agency  continued  its  management  of  the Exploratory Grants  program.   A
formal solicitation  for  grants   was  issued.  Proposals were reviewed and  funded
based  on scientific merit and  relevance to  Agency  objectives.  A series of seminars
was conducted  where   grantees  presented  their  project  results  to peers,  Agency
specialists, and interested public.

     Based on  policy  and procedures guidelines,   management  improvements  were in-
stituted for both  the Grants  and the Centers  programs.  Preliminary guidelines were
developed to conduct the Agency review  of center themes  and  evaluate  the Centers
completing five  years of operation.

QUALITY ASSURANCE  MANAGEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $1,224,800 supported by  13.6 total workyears for
this program,  of  which  $724,800 is for  Salaries  and  Expenses  and  $500,000 is for
Research and Development.   This reflects  increases   of $164,400  and  $336,500  in
Salaries and Expenses and Research  and Development, respectively.  These increases
are needed to  develop and implement the policy and technical  guidance  required for
an effective and efficient  Agencywide quality assurance program.

     Manage the   Agencywide  Mandatory  Quality  Assurance  (QA) Program.  In   1985,
through both  i n-house  acti viti es   and  extramural  support,  thi s  program  wi 11:
establish needed  Agencywide  QA   policy;  identify QA  program requirements  for  42
implementing offices; conduct  audits of data  sets to  determine whether data being
produced or used  are of known  quality;  coordinate the development  of Agencywide
and program-speci fie   QA  technical  requirements;   prepare  reports  to the  Adminis-
trator on the quality of EPA  data and the  status of QA implementation.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is allocating a total  of  $723,900  and  13.6 total  workyears
to this program, of which $560,400  is under the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $163,500  is  for  extramural   purposes  under the  Research  and  Development
appropri ation.

     Manage  the  Agencywide Mandatory Quality  Assurance  (QA)  Program.  In   1984,
EPA is  continuing  its efforts towards full  implementation  of a quality assurance
program that will  ensure generation  of data  of  known  quality in all EPA data col-
lection activities under  a management  consolidation  in this new program element.
Initiatives will include the  publication of the following reports: QA Implementation
Plan and  Management  Strategy,  Data  Quality  Audit  Protocol,  Calculation  of Data
Quality Indicators - Revision  #2,  Quality  Assurance Workload  Model,  Annual  QA
Report to  the  Administrator,   and  specific  technical  guidelines  on  laboratory
analyses.
                                        1-16
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1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$393,200 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammlngs.  (+$393,200) Several reprogrammings were made to  this activi-
ty which  were  not  reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramnring  limitations.
These changes resulted in a net  increase  of  +$229,700 to the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  a  net  increase of  +$163,500 to  the  Research  and  Development
appropriation.

1983 Accomplishments

     This activity did not exist as a separate program element in 1983.
                                        1-17
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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985  Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of  Contents



                                                                              PAGE

INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                             1-1
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       NEPA Compliances  Federal  Agencies  Compliance	     1-19
          NEPA Compl i ance	     1-21
          Federal  Agencies  Compliance	     1-22
       Accelerated Review and  Permitting	     1-23
       Interdisciplinary  Training Grants	     1-26
                                     1-18
-------
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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                  NEPA Compliance and Federal Agencies Compliance
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of $11,497,300  supported  by 125.2 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $5,143,400 is for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $6,353,900  is for  the Abatement,   Control  and Compliance appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of  $230,700  and  5.0  workyears   from  1984  levels.

Program Description

     This sub-activity  includes  two  programs:   (1)  Federal  Agencies  Compliance,
under which the actions of Federal  agencies  are  reviewed to assure that they carry
out their activities  in an environmentally  sound manner; and (2)  NEPA  Compliance,
under which environmental  assessments and Environmental  Impact  Statements  (EISs)
are prepared  for  National  Pollutant Discharge Elimination  System  permits  for  new
sources and for Federally  funded municipal wastewater treatment  projects.

     NEPA Compliance  -- This  program  element  contains  resources  for:  (1)  prepar-
ing EPA Environmental  Impact Statements  or,  alternatively,  determining  Findings of
No Significant Impact on National  Pollutant  Discharge Elimination System new source
permits and municipal  wastewater treatment grant actions to assure that  new facili-
ties with Federal  involvement   comply  with  Section 511(c)  of the  Clean  Water  Act
and NEPA; (2)  conducting  generic studies which  directly support  and  increase  the
efficiency of meeting site-specific NEPA requirements; and (3) supporting a cooper-
ating agency  role  for EPA  in  providing  inter-media  information to assist  in  the
preparation of EISs by other Federal agencies.

     Federal Agencies Compliance  —   Under  the  mandates of  the  National  Environ-
mental  Policy  Act,  Section  309  of  the  Clean  Air Act,  and Executive  Order  12088
(Federal Compliance with Pollution  Control Standards),  activities for this program
element include review and comment  on EISs  and  on the  environmental  impact  of any
major legislation, regulations or other actions proposed by other Federal agencies.
In addition, under Executive Order  12088  and  OMB Circular  A-106, resources in this
program assist Federal  agencies  in:  (1)  identifying  facilities  needing pollution
control mechanisms; (2) determining  the most  cost-effective control; (3) developing
fiscal  plans for  installing  needed  abatement  control  technology; and  (4)  resolving
disputes surrounding facilities which are out of compliance.


NEPA COMPLIANCE

198b Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $9,269,600  supported  by 72.2  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $2,915,700 is for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $6,353,900  is for the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance appropriation.
This represents a  decrease of  $40,600 and no workyears  from  1984 levels.  The de-
crease reflects cost-savings  from  increased use  of  generic EISs.  In  1985,  in-
creased effort will be directed toward generic studies to support NEPA requirements
and toward developing  a  cooperating agency  role to  provide  advice and assistance
to other Federal  agencies  on their EISs  and  other projects  of  environmental  con-
cern.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,310,200 and 72.2 total work-
years to this program, of which $2,746,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,563,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
                                       1-21
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 In  1984,  the  program is  significantly increasing emphasis on  generic studies and
 assessments (both  area-wide and project types)  while continuing necessary work  on
 site-specific assessments   and  EISs.   Approximately  49  EISs   will   be   prepared.

 1984 Explanation of  Changes  from the Amendment

     The  net decrease of  -$273,600  results  from  the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$273,600)  A reprogramming was  made  moving all non-program
 specific  "support1  type expense dollars  into the Regional support program element.
 This reprogramming  to  Salaries  and   Expenses,  totaling  -$273,600,   was  included
 in  a reprogramming letter to Congress  on September 29,  1983.


 1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated a  total  of $10,658,300 and 74.5 total   workyears
 for this  program,  of which $2,624,900 was  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropri-
 ation and $8,033,400 was  for the  Abatement, Control, and  Compliance appropriation.
 In  1983,  EPA prepared 40  EISs.


 FEDERAL AGENCIES COMPLIANCE

 1985 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a total   of  $2,227,700  supported by  53.0 total   workyears
 for this  program,  all   of which  is for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
 This represents  an  increase of $271,300 and 5.0 workyears  from 1984 levels.  In-
 creased resources  will  enable  the  Agency   to  place  additional  emphasis  on  advice
 to  Federal  agencies  on  control methods and requirements,  compliance monitoring,
 and dispute  resolution  under  Executive Order   12088.   In addition,  1rhts--program-
 expects to  review  and  comment on other Federal  agencies'  draft and final  EISs,  as
 well as   other  agency  actions  requiring  compliance  with environmental   laws and
 regulations.            "~  "~       ~~              ~~   ~~      ~~~


 1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $1,956,400 and 48.0 total  work-
 years to  this program, all of which is for  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
 EPA will  continue to identify  and  resolve  environmental concerns at an early stage
 in  other  agencies'  project  development  processes.   The program  expects  to  review
 over 800 draft and final  EISs.  In addition, the Agency will  be developing updated
 program guidance both  for  environmental  review of  other agency actions and for
 increased emphasis on  Federal  facilities   compliance  with environmental  laws and
 regulations.

 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The  net decrease of -$25,800 results from the following actions:

     -Reproyrammings.  (-$25,800)  A reprogramming  was made to  this  activity  which
 was not reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This  change
 resulted in a  net  decrease  of -$300  to the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming was made moving all  non-program specific "support"
 type expense dollars into the Regional support program element.  This  reprogramming
 to Salaries and Expenses,  totaling -$25,500, was included in a reprogramming letter
 to Congress on September 29, 1983.


 1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $1,706,800  and  43.9 total  workyears
to this program, all  of  which was for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
The program placed  emphasis  on  identifying  and  resolving environmental concerns at
an early  stage in the project  development process, including  review  and  comment on
over 800 draft and  final  Environmental  Impact Statements.
                                        1-22
-------
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                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY


                            Accelerated Review and Permitting


Budget Request

     The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1985.

Program Description

     This program contained the resources for the Accelerated Review and Permitting
program.  It expedited  development  of energy-related and  other important projects
in an environmentally sound manner.   It augmented the resources of EPA1s permitting,
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) review, and EIS preparation programs.


ACCELERATED REVIEW AND PERMITTING
1985 Program Request

     The Agency is not requesting funding for this activity in 1985.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency did  not  allocate  resources  to this program  because the
anticpated workload for accelerated permitting did not materialize.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total of $3,033,100  and 37.8 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $1,289,900 was for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropri-
ation and $1,743,200  was  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.
The program  emphasized development  of  streamlined  permit  review  procedures  and
environmental assessment at an early stage in project development.
                                         1-25
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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY
                         Interdisciplinary Training Grants

Budget Request
     The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1985.
Program Description
     This program  encourages  academic  training  in the  environmental   sciences  by
providing economic support,  through fellowships  and  training grants,  to  students
who are interested in entering this field.
INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING GRANTS
1985 Program Request
     The Agency requests no  resources  for this program  in  1985.   We feel  that the
program has accomplished its  objectives.  Many academic  institutions  have  now es-
tablished environmental   science  programs;  and, the number  of students  trained  in
this discipline has substantially increased.
1984 Program
     In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating a total of  $415,000 to this program within
the Office of Research  and Development (ORD),  all  of  which is under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance  appropriation.   The  program continues to  support  academic
training through fellowships and training grants.
1983 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment
     There is no change from the amendment.
1983 Accomplishments
     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a total  of  $547,500  to this program within ORD,
all of which  was under  the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.  The
program funded 20 minority fellowships.
                                         1-27
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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE


INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                             1-1

    ENFORCEMENT
       Enforcement Policy & Technical  Support	    1-29
          Technical  Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance
              Monitoring	    1-31
          Enforcement Policy & Operations	    1-33
                                      1-28
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                                                           1-30
-------
                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY

                                                         i • ' ' '

                      Enforcement Policy and Technical  Support
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $17,037,400  supported  by 320.9  total  workyears
for this  subactivity  of which $14,672,400  will  be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $2,365,000  will  be  for the Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance
appropriation, an increase  of $3,521,600 and  32.6  total workyears.  The  increase
funds Enforcement Policy and  Operations'  new  compliance monitoring functions  and
an increasing level  of compliance and enforcement activities.

Program Description

      Technical  Support  -   Office of Enforcement^and Compliance Monitoring --  The
National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) Js the primary source  of special-
ized technical  support  for the  Office  of  Enforcement  and  Compliance  Monitoring
(OECM) for  specific  case  development  activities "for  all  media.   NEIC  provides
Headquarters and Regional  offices with technical  support for litigation  development
in nationally managed cases;  cases with  precedential  implications;  criminal  cases;
cases with multi-regional  impacts;  cases  involving unique  technological  require-
ments and complexity; and  cases  which exceed a  Region's capability and  resources.
The NEIC also plans, develops, and provides technical assistance,  information,  and
interpretations for civil  and criminal case preparations.

     Enforcement Policy and Operations — This program element  comprises  the legal
aspects of Agency enforcement programs in alT'non-Superfund media.   It  is  comprised
of a Headquarters component which provides for the development of legal  enforcement
policy and procedures as well  as a Regional program  to  provide program  and policy
implementation.  This  entails the  direction   of legal   enforcement activities  of
the Agency including the initiation and conduct of civil  and criminal  litigation as
appropriate.  Full legal enforcement support services are provided  to media compli-
ance programs in  accordance with specific media  priorities and  compliance monitor-
ing activities.

     In addition, Enforcement Policy  and  Operations will be  responsible  for over-
seeing the Agency's compliance  efforts,  including establishment  of  Agencywide cri-
teria for use  in the development  of   media-specific  compliance   strategies,  the
design of management systems, the negotiation of  compliance and enforcement commit-
ments, and the overview of  the implementation of  strategies and  program  objectives.
Through this program element, OECM conducts  cross-media  analyses of Agency compli-
ance and enforcement activities, including the conduct of program evaluations. OECM
also acts  as a  leader in  fostering  new compliance and   enforcement  approaches.


TECHNICAL SUPPORT -  OFFICE  OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total of  $5,177,600  supported  by 66.4  total  workyears
for this program, of which $3,162,600  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,015,000 for the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance appropriation,
representing an  increase of $1,406,200 and no change in total  workyears.   Of this
amount there  is  an  increase  of $76,700 in the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation
and an  increase  of  $1,329,500 in the  Abatement,  Control, and Compliance appropria-
tion.  The increase  reflects  increases in personnel  and  support  costs as  well  as
additional contract funds  to  support  needs of the  Agency's  legal  case  preparation
in the form of evidence audit activities.
                                        1-31
-------
     This program  comprises the  activities  of  the National  Enforcement  Investi-
gations Center  (NEIC)  at  Denver,  Colorado.   The  NEIC provides  support for  the
Agency's enforcement  efforts  in  all media.   In  1985, it  will  respond  to Head-
quarters, Regional, and  State requests for assistance  in  instances where special-
ized technical  resources are  required.   In  addition,  NEIC  will  manage the  new
evidence audit  program.   Evidence audits will  ensure that  crucial  data and infor-
mation supporting  enforcement  case development  is  fully  accurate and  complete
from both a legal and technical standpoint.

     In the air enforcement program, NEIC will  support  civil litigation activity
resulting from  significant  violators of the December 31,  1982 Clean Air Act dead-
lines, and  of  compliance  dates  contained  in  existing consent  decrees.   Support
will also  be  provided to litigation regarding  noncompliance with  National  Emis-
sions Standards  for Hazardous  Air Pollutants  (NESHAPS) and  New  Source Performance
Standards (NSPS), and standards for  volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

     In the water  program,  the NEIC will assist  in  the evaluation  of operations
and maintenance  prob.lems preparatory to  litigation against  significant violators
where complex technological  factors require intensive or prolonged  evaluation  or
where precedents are  involved.   As  resources  permit,  NEIC  will  provide technical
support to  adjudicatory  hearings  on  National   Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination
System and Best Available Technology permits.

     The Center's  assistance  in  the  hazardous  waste  program will  emphasize  case
preparations at  the larger  or more complex sites  where significant violations  are
identified through Regional  media compliance monitoring.   Priority will  be given
to case  preparations   of precedential  or  deterrent   value.   Increasingly,  these
cases involve highly  complex networks  of groundwater monitoring wells and  highly
sophisticated organic and inorganic analyses of large numbers of samples.

     In support  of  litigation case development in  the  pesticides enforcement  pro-
gram, NEIC  will conduct  major application misuse investigations  exceeding  State
and Regional  resource capabilities.   NEIC's   activity in  the toxics  enforcement
program will  involve  cases  arising-from  violations-  in—reporting, recordkeeping,
storage, handling,  testing,  and  violations  of  chemical  control  rules  for toxic
substances.

     The NEIC will  also  direct the criminal  investigators  staff of  the  Criminal
Enforcement program.  This  staff  conducts preliminary  inquiries  and investigations
and provides referral  and post-referral  support.   While the  NEIC  will provide pro-
gram direction  and administrative  support,  the   resources  will  continue  to  be
carried in  Enforcement Policy and Operations.   The NEIC management  of investiga-
tive staff will  provide more effective and efficient support to this field investi-
gation effort  and will seek to integrate  the activities of the criminal investiga-
tive staff with the priorities and operations  of EPA regional offices.

     In the Abatement, Control, and  Compliance appropriation,  $2,015,000 will  sup-
port litigation  by providing  technical  and laboratory expertise,   evidence audit
activities, and evidence  preservation activities.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency  is  allocating  $3,771,400  and  66.4 total  workyears to this
program, of which  $3,085,900  is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  and
$685,500 is for extramural  purposes under the  Abatement, Control,  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In the Stationary  and  Mobile  air  programs,  case preparation  activities  and
technical  support to enforcement actions against significant violators are provided.
Sample permits and  emissions monitoring protocols and  requirements are being  devel-
oped and testing for  violations  of  National  Emission  Standards  for Hazardous  Air
                                        1-32
-------
Pollutants (NESHAP) is  continuing.  Tampering  and  defect  surveys are also continu-
ing.  In the Water program the NEIC is providing compliance evaluations and perfor-
mance audit  inspections, multi-media  inspections  and evaluations of major publicly
owned treatment works  suspected  of noncompliance  as  well  as case support.  Support
for Section  7003  of the Resource  Conservation and Recovery Act  (RCRA)  and radio-
logical hazardous  waste problems includes technical  evaluation,  case preparation,
participation in  negotiations to  consent  decrees,   and  evidence  audit,  quality
assurance, and case follow-up functions.

     Assistance is  being  provided  to  conduct  pesticide  field  investigations,
evidence gathering,  case preparations,  use  observations, overview  monitoring  for
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act  (FIFRA)  Section 18 exemptions,
and technical  assistance and  training of  State  pesticide  inspectors.   Technical
and analytical support  continues for  case  development  under the Toxic  Substances
Control Act  (TSCA),  as well  as  quality  assurance,  evidence audit,  emergency  re-
sponse, criminal  investigations, and  development  of TSCA procedures  for inclusion
in multi-media inspection doctrines.

     Also during 1984,  the  NEIC is providing  direction,  management,  and  adminis-
trative support for  the criminal  investigation program  although the investigator
resources are contained in Enforcement Policy and  Operations.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983  the  Agency  obligated  $3,290,300  and  65.1  total  workyears  for  this
program, of  which  $3,250,300  was  for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and
$40,000 was for the Abatement, Control, and  Compliance appropriation.

     This program provided technical  consultation and assistance in  case prepara-
tion by performing  background,  reconnaissance, and  file  review; field  investiga-
tions; laboratory  analysis;  data  evaluation;   report  preparation;   permit  writing
expertise; technical testimony;  and  negotiation  of  technical  aspects  of  consent
decrees.  Specialized technical  assistance was  provided to  State and  regional  case
development efforts in preparation  and analysis of high  hazard samples.


ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests $11,859,800  supported by  254.5  total   workyears  for  this
program of which  $11,509,800  is for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$350,000 is for the Abatement, Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation.  This repre-
sents  an  increase  of $2,115,400   and  32.6  total   workyears.  Of this amount,
$1,965, 400 is for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and  $150,000  is for the
Abatement, Control,  and Compliance  appropriation.   The  increases  reflect a  new
compliance monitoring  function  in  Headquarters, as  well  as  legal  support  for  all
media for  projected  administrative  enforcement   activities  and  the  anticipated
civil and criminal  litigation  caseload.

     This program's goal is to respond to instances  of  non-compliance in a consis-
tent, timely,  and  effective  fashion.   In 1985,  Headquarters  will   be responsible
for direction  and  oversight  of  the  Agency's  national  compliance  and enforcement
efforts for all media,  and  for design and implementation  of mangement systems that
will assure the  success of these  key  functions.   To this  end, OECM will  manage
the Agencywide strategic  planning  process for  national  compliance  and enforcement
programs; participate  in  and  conduct  special  in-depth  analyses  of  enforcement
                                         1-33
-------
issues; promote  multi-media approaches  as  appropriate;  conduct  in-depth  program
evaluations and cross-media analyses; exercise leadership in identifying and trans-
mitting, within the Agency,  information  on successful approaches to achieving com-
pliance across media; develop new initiatives and policies to promote improved com-
pliance monitoring  and  enforcement  programs; and  provide  analytical   support  to
assure the  quality  of Agency  compliance monitoring  data.   Analytic responsibili-
ties will include assessment of resource needs and resource utilization for Agency-
wide compliance and enforcement activities for all media.

     Efforts will also include  a  centralized criminal investigations program under
the direction  of  the National  Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC)  at  Denver,
Colorado that  includes  preliminary  inquiries, investigations,  referrals and post-
referral support.   Enforcement  policy and  case  support  for the  criminal  program
continues to  be  a  Headquarters function.   This  responsibility  is carried  out  in
conjunction with the Department of Justice.

     Regional enforcement  operations  will include  legal  review of administrative
orders and  notices  of violation  or noncompliance;  provision  of  trial  counsel  to
support administrative proceedings;  and  preparation  and management  of  civil  and
criminal litigation.  All  of these efforts,  supported by  an  automated  docket and
consent decree tracking  system, are  designed to  achieve  compliance by  using  the
full array  of enforcement  responses  including  civil and  criminal litigation.   In
1985, efforts  will  focus  on providing  legal  support to  Agency  efforts to bring
significant violators into compliance.

     In the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, $350,000 is requested
for Headquarters to obtain  expert  witnesses  for  litigation  and  for development  of
enforcement manuals and guidance materials.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is allocating  $9,744,400  and  221.9  total  workyears  to
this program,  of  which $9,544,400  is  for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $200,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1984  efforts  are being made  to  improve the  overall  quality,  consistency,
and timeliness of   Agency  response  to problems   of  noncompliance  by  implementing
at Headquarters a new  compliance  monitoring  role  to  provide leadership, analysis,
and oversight  of  Agency  and State compliance and  enforcement  activities.  Manage-
ment systems are being developed to foster accountability and consistency in Agency
enforcement actions throughout the  country.  A prime  management  goal  is to assure
prompt resolution of  identified  cases of  noncompliance by  significant  violators.
Policies and  procedures  are  reviewed as  necessary  to  achieve this  goal   and  to
assure certainty  and  predictability  of  Agency  enforcement  responses.   Automated
docket and  tracking systems  aid  in  managing the enforcement  activities   of  the
Agency.

     The Regional  legal  resources allocated  for  1984  are  being  used to help select
appropriate enforcement  responses  to instances  of noncompliance  that  are  identi-
fied in various  State,  local,  and  source  reports,  or through inspections  or com-
plaints.  Legal personnel  in the Regions  initiate  and  provide  trial  counsel  for
administrative hearings  under  the  various  statutes.   Throughout  the  enforcement
process, legal personnel  participate in or lead negotiations with sources to assure
resolution of  compliance  problems  that are  consistent  with statutory requirements
and national  enforcement  policy.   Resources  provide  for the  legal review  of  and
concurrence on certain administrative  notices and enforcement orders  and proposed
administrative penalties.  Regional  resources are also  used for  the development,
initiation, and conduct of civil  and criminal litigation for all  media.
                                        1-34
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$49,700 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.   (-$49,700)  Several   reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which  were  not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted  in  a  net decrease of -$49,700 to the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated $9,570,600 and  221.2  total workyears  for this
program, of  which  $9,326,300  was  for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and
$244,300 was for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1983, this program emphasized  the  resolution of  problems  of noncompliance
through the  review of  administrative  actions and the referral of  92 civil  actions
and 17  criminal  actions to DOJ.  Legal   support  was provided  to the active docket
of 210 civil cases and 28 criminal cases.   The  Headquarters  component also parti-
cipated in  the Agency's regulation  development process  and provided legal enforce-
ment counsel to media program offices.
                                        1-35
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                              TS-1

    RESEARCH » DEVELOPMENT
       Chemical  Testing 4 Assessment	    TS-9
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Toxic Substances Strategies	    TS-27
          Toxics Integration	    TS-30
          Chani cal  Testi ng	    TS-32
          Existing  Chemical  Review	    TS-35
          New Chemi cal  Revi ew	    TS-38
    ENFORCEMENT
       Toxic Substances Enforcement	    TS-43
          Toxic Substances Enforcement	    TS-45
          Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	.,	    TS-48
                                       TS-1
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-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


 OVERVIEW  AND  STRATEGY

     The  Toxic  Substances Control  Act  (TSCA),  enacted  in  1976,  confers to  the
 Environmental Protection  Agency the authority and  responsibility  to protect  human
 health  and  the  environment by requiring testing and  necessary  use restrictions on
 certain chemical substances.  The Agency's mandate under TSCA is designed to encom-
 pass gaps in existing  public  health  and  environmental  laws.   In  addition,  the
 Agency's  jurisdiction under TSCA extends to  cover  over 60,000 industrial chemicals
 currently in  use  in the United States, in an  almost  unlimited  number of products.
 Most of these products  entered  the  marketplace before the statute was enacted,  and
 EPA is  tasked with  reviewing  these existing  chemicals  to ensure  that  their uses
 pose no unreasonable risks.   At the same time, the Agency  is also responsible  for
 conducting  reviews   of  all  new  chemicals  before  they  enter  the  marketplace.

     In 1985, the  Toxic Substances program  strategy  emphasizes  programs aimed  (1)
 at protecting the  quality of  the environment,  (2)  preventing future problems,  and
 (3) addressing  emerging or overlooked  problems.  Under TSCA, EPA  is authorized to
 evaluate  the health  and  environmental effects  of  existing  chemicals, by requiring
 testing and  reporting.  The Agency  can also  control  unreasonable risks of existing
 chemicals through  regulatory  actions.  TSCA addresses future  problems   by  giving
 EPA the  authority  to  evaluate new  chemicals  before  commercialization.  TSCA  is
 also the  front  end of  the toxic waste disposal program  and  can prevent potential
 problems  by dealing with problematic chemicals early in their life cycle.

     Because TSCA confers very broad authorities, coordination among EPA programs—
 and with  other  Federal  agencies—is essential  and is mandated  by  the Act itself.
 In 1985,  the Toxic Substances program  strategy  emphasizes several  management  goals
 aimed at  improving TSCA  operations.   The first of these  goals  is to  ensure  the
 integrity of  data   used  in  TSCA  regulatory  processes  across  all  programs.   To
 maintain  data integrity, we will work with national and international organizations
 to ensure the use  of  acceptable testing  procedures,  we  will  publish  and  update
 test guidelines, as  well  as  good laboratory practices, and we  will  conduct  audits
 of facilities and studies where data are being produced as a result of TSCA action.

     The  second  goal  is   to  improve  the  balance  between  the  diverse  programs
 authorized by TSCA.   The  1985 program  will be more  responsive to  both the new  and
 the existing  authorities  of TSCA without  impeding our  ability to  meet  statutory
 deadlines.  TSCA establishes  a  statutory  response time  for  the  review of  new
 chemicals.

     The third  goal  addresses  the  need for flexibility in  our  approach  to solving
 chemical  problems.   TSCA gives EPA various options  for controlling risks  attributed
 to toxic  substances.   In  order to  resolve identified problems  quickly  and  effec-
 tively, several  strategies will be pursued in  1985:   close  coordination  within  EPA
 and with other regulatory  programs where responsibilities overlap, early publication
 of advance notices of proposed  rulemaking  before the  details  of various  regulatory
 approaches are  completely worked out, and  the  use of non-regulatory mechanisms,
 such as chemical advisories, to  bring  problems  to  the  public's  attention.   We will
 use a negotiated approach to rulemaking to solve exposure problems  or obtain infor-
 mation when this approach  can  achieve  the  same public protection more quickly than
 formal  rulemaking.

     A final management goal  is to  improve compliance with TSCA actions.   Recently,
 certain industrial   sectors  have demonstrated   unacceptable  rates  of  compliance
with toxic  substance regulations,  particularly polychlorinated biphenyls  (PCBs)
 and asbestos.   Improved  compliance  will  be  emphasized   in  1985,  through  State
 involvement as well as Federal  resources.
                                      TS-3
-------
TOXICS INTEGRATION

     The Toxics  Integration  program  has  been  realigned  to  reflect  the  Agency's
interest in  intermedia  chemical  problems.   An  Agencywide process  will  be  imple-
mented which  will  allow the  Agency  to  identify and  address  chemical  issues  of
concern and to ensure consistent and  rapid  attention is  given  these problems.   EPA
will also  develop  strategies  on chemicals  of special  interest  to both the Toxic
Substances program and  other  Agency  programs which  address cross-media  issues  and
identify cost-effective control  mechanisms.   An  information sharing program among
EPA offices  and  among  Federal  and  State programs  will  be  implemented in 1985,
enabling the interchange of chemical  data and technical  expertise on unique toxic
problems.

EXISTING CHEMICALS

     The 1985 program  reflects  a new emphasis  on  the  evaluation  and  control  of
risks from existing  chemicals.   This  new  emphasis  is  also a  necessary  result  of
the existing  chemicals  process  initially  implemented  in 1983,  which  has  enabled
the Agency to deal more effectively with  existing  chemical  concerns.  As  a  result
of this recently  implemented  process,  in  1985 EPA will be  in some  stage of  rulemak-
ing on eight existing  chemicals  previously  identified  as in some  way  problematic.
Once a problem has been identified,  the Agency is  responsible  for following through
with appropriate  and expeditious risk  reduction  action.   The  Agency will  also  use
TSCA to address remaining gaps in control  of existing chemicals.   For  example,  EPA
is currently pursuing the use of TSCA authorities to solve the health  and  environ-
mental problems caused by leaking underground gasoline and chemical  storage  tanks.

     The 1985 existing  chemicals  program also recognizes that  the Agency must  be
responsive to the increased amount  of test data now being produced.   Many testing
programs are now producing toxicity data  that must be assessed and  acted upon  when
appropriate.

NEW CHEMICALS

     The Agency expects to  receive _1,650  new chemical  notices  in 1985.  We  will
continue to place a  high priority on  subjecting  all  new chemicals to a  meaningful
review, taking action  to control  risks   where  necessary,  and protecting  society
from risks after  commercialization  through  a strong followup  program.   The  1985
new chemical  program has been expanded to cover new genetically  engineered  organ-
isms which are not covered under other Federal regulations.   Significant risks may
be associated with  some uses  of these  substances, which  present very  different
health and  environmental  concerns  than  do  industrial   chemicals.   Coverage  of
these substances   under  TSCA,  which  gives  EPA  authority to  evaluate  and  control
chemicals before  they are marketed, provides  the best protection  to health  and the
environment.  It  also  demonstrates  the "gap  filling"  concept Congress  envisioned
when TSCA was passed in 1976.

CHEMICAL TESTING

     In 1985, the testing program will no longer be under the  intense pressure  of
responding to both  court-ordered deadlines  on  the backlogs.   Because  our  court-
ordered deadlines will  have  been met, the emphasis will  be on  finalizing  testing
actions taken in previous years  and  on responding to the  Interagency Testing  Com-
mittee's designations within the statutory  timeframe.  This will  ensure  that test-
ing required  by  proposed rules  is  initiated more quickly.   In  1985,  additional
emphasis will also be placed  on  test  data  integrity.  Each year the number  of  test
studies initiated under the  Section 4 program  increases,  and  it is critical  that
EPA take an aggressive role  in ensuring these data  are  of  high  quality  and  suitable
for regulatory purposes.
                                      TS-4
-------
 ENFORCEMENT

      The major  objectives  of the toxic substances compliance  and  enforcement  pro-
 gram in  1985 are  to improve  rates  of  compliance with  toxic substances  control
 regulations and to maintain the toxic  substances  cooperative  enforcement  agreement
 program, which was resumed in 1984.

      To accommodate these objectives, workyear resources will  be increased signifi-
 cantly in  1985.  The  bulk  of the  increase  will  be used to conduct  additional  PCB
 inspections, since  PCB  rule  violation  rates  have been  higher than  anticipated.
 The number  of  Section  4,  5,  and 8  inspections   will  be increased,  as  will  the
 a,sbestos-in-schools enforcement program. >
                                          i
      The program  of  toxic substances  cooperative enforcement  agreements  provides
 financial assistance to  selected  States  to develop  and  operate  toxic substances
 ^compliance monitoring programs,  in cooperation  with  EPA, especially  in  the  area
 of control of existing chemicals.  In 1985,  this  cooperative  program, which  permits
 wider coverage  of the  regulated  community  without  requiring additional  Federal
 personnel, will  be continued at the 1984 level.
/
 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT                 i
                                          t
      The toxic  substances  research program provides the scientific basis  necessary
 to implement TSCA through  a  combination of  health, engineering, monitoring  of  en-
 vironmental processes,  and risk assessment  activities.  Scientific  data and  methods
 developed through these efforts enable the  Agency, through TSCA actions, to  protect
 human health and the environment from unreasonable risk  while  minimizing the impact
 on industry.                             ,

      In 1985, the  program will  continue .to develop,  evaluate, and validate  test
 ^methods for inclusion in TSCA  test guidelines.  Additionally,  new efforts  in  bio-
 technology, environmental  engineering, and structure-activity  assessment  will  pro-
 vide necessary information to support the New Chemical Review  program.
                                       TS-5
-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Program Activities

TOXICS INTEGRATION
Actual
 1983
         Amendment/           Increase +
 Budget   Current             Decrease -
Estimate  Estimate  Estimate  1985 vs
  1984      1984      1985      1984
Intermedia Priority Pollutants
  Documents Produced.....	   3
Multi-media Chemical Strategies
  Compl eted	   2

CHEMICAL TESTING

Decisions not to Test/Proposed
  Negotiated Agreements/ANPR or
  Proposed Rules (ITC & Non-ITC)...  23
Final Test Rules/Negotiated
  Agreements	   4
Test Guidelines Published	   6
Test Study Audits	  93

EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW

Substantial Risk Notices
  Reviewed	  35
Test Data Studies/NTP Data
  Recei ved	 226
Negotiated Rulemaking/Chemical
  Advisories	   0
ANPR/Proposed §6 Rules	   2
Final §6 Rules	   4
SNUR/§8 Rules Proposed/Final	  10
PCS Disposal Permits Reviewed	   2
Exemption Requests (Section 6)
  Re vi ewed	   1

NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW

PMN Notices Processed	1301
PMN Risk Assessments	 120
PMN Notice Withdrawals/Negotiated
  Agreements/§5(e)/(f) Orders	179
§ 5(h)(4) Exemption Rules Proposed/
  Final	   0
SNUR/§8 Rules Proposed/Final
  (No.  of Chemicals)	   5
Biotechnical PMNs	   *
            28

             6
            12
           1251
            50

           200

             5

             2
             6
            40

            60
           660
            60

            40

             3

             5
             *
             30

             10
             10
            130
             50

            225

              1
              4
              3
              8
             13

            172
           1450
            150

            100

              3

             20
              0
  17

  20
   5
 200
  50

 330

   4
   6
   4
  12
  15

 150
1650
 180

 120

   0

  30
  10
 -13

 +10
  -5
 +70
+105

  +3
  +2
  +1
  +4
  +2

 -22
+200
 +30

 +20

  -3

 +10
 +10
*   New budget category for 1984.
                                       TS-6
-------
Program Activities

TOXICS ENFORCEMENT
Actual
 1983
Laboratory Inspections	  13
Inspections under § 5	126
Inspections under § 6...	
  PCB i nspecti ons	16332
  Asbestos inspections	207
  Other inspections	  74
Inspections under § 8	  83
Inspections under § 12	   8
Inspections under § 13	   0
 Budget
Estimate
 1984
           295

           735
           125
           100
           175
            15
           700
Amendment/
'Current
 Estimate
  1984
             40
            241

           10722
            8143
             86
            147
             14
            581
Estimate
 1985
              50
             320

            19002
            15253
              60
             340
              15
             700
Increase +
Decrease -
1985 vs
 1984
              +10
              +79

             +828
             +711
              -26
             +193
               +1
             +119
^•Original  "Budget Estimate"  of 125 included  both  laboratory  inspections  and
 data audits.

Includes  State inspections:   400 in 1983, 450 in 1984  and  1985.

^Includes  700 asbestos-in-schools inspections  in  1984 and 1,400 asbestos-in-
 schools inspections in 1985 performed using extramural  funds.
                                       TS-7
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                              TS-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Chemical  Testing & Assessment	    TS-9
                                     TS-8
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                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                          Chemical  Testing and  Assessment

                                                        Amendment/
                                                          Current
                                           Actual          Estimate          Estimate
Major Output/Milestones                     1983            1984              1985

Develop and Validate Test Methods

- Provide a testing protocol  for rapid      10/86           10/86             10/86
  assessment of reproductive  damage
  (Health)

- Provide testing protocols to screen       9/86            9/86              9/86
  and evaluate chemicals for  immuno-
  toxic effects  (Health)

- Provide reports on comparison of         10/85           10/85             10/85
  hazard rankings of chemicals based
  on model ecosystems and single
  species effects  (Environmental
  Processes)

- Provide report on improved  system-        12/86           12/86             12/86
  level process tests to indicate
  potential  effects of chemicals
  in freshwater (Environmental
  Processes)	
- Provide report on laboratory-to-field      6/85             6/85              6/85
  extrapolation of toxic stress on
  estuari ne macrobenthic communities
  (Environmental Processes)

Develop and Validate Methods to
Predict and Monitor Exposure

- Complete final report on Phase II          3/85             3/85              3/85
  of TEAM study of exposure  to toxic
  organics in three cities
  (Monitori ng)

- Develop a cancer test battery for          9/87             9/87              9/87
  human risk estimation  (Health)

- Provide report on exposure                4/85             4/85              4/85
  assessment in estuari ne systems
  (Environmental Processes)
                                      TS-13
-------
                                                         Amendment/
                                                          Current
                                           Actual          Estimate         Estimate
Major Out put/Mi lest ones                     1983            1984              1985


- Provide report on bi odegradation          4/85            4/85              4/85
  predictions from microcosm
  screening and eco-core systems
  (Environmental Processes)

- Provide report on atmospheric             5/85            5/85              5/85
  pollutant field tracer
  (Environmental Processes)

Develop and Validate Risk Assessment
Methods

- Provide improved mathematical models     10/84           10/84             10/84
  of pollutant deposition in the lung
  (Health)

Perform Engineering and Scientific
Evaluations and Assessments

- Submit draft exposure guidelines          9/83
  to SAB (Scientific Assessment)

- Complete draft of biomonitoring          12/84           12/84             12/84
  guidelines  (Scientific Assessment)

- Provide workshop report on bi ode-         6/84            6/84
  gradation of toxic chemicals
  (Environmental Processes)

Develop Predictive Techniques in Support    	~
of Premanufacture Notice Reviews

- Provide a combined data management        9/86            9/86              9/86
  system for genotoxic  chemicals
  (Health)

- Provide report on a comprehensive         9/85            9/85              9/85
  structure-toxicity method  to
  estimate toxicity of  chemicals
  to aquatic organi sms
  (Environmental Processes)

- Provide report on the chemicals                           9/84              9/85
  release and exposure  from  unit
  operations and unit processes
  (Environmental Engineering)

- Report on the treatability of                             9/84              9/85
  azo dyes  (Env.  Engineering)

Evaluation of Environmental  Control
Measures for Existing Chemicals

- Provide report on the causes, controls                    12/84             12/85
  and detection  of leaks in  underground
  storage tanks  (Env.  Engineering)
                                      TS-14
-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                          Chemical  Testing and  Assessment
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $27,103,200 supported by  193.3 total workyears
for 1985, an  increase  of $2,677,200 and 4.4 total  workyears  from 1984.   Included
in this is $12,638,400  for  Salaries  and Expenses  and $14,464,800 for Research  and
Development,  with an increase  of  $487,800  and  $2,189,400 respectively.  The  major
increases occur in the  development of exposure monitoring  methods,  quality assurance
and in the initiation of methodologies for evaluating environmental risks associated
with bi oengi neered organisms.

Program Description

     The Chemical  Testing and Assessment research and development program  supports
the Office of Toxic Substances  (OTS)  by  providing the scientific tools to implement
the Toxic Substances Control Act  (TSCA).   The  major needs and objectives  of  EPA's
toxic substances  research  efforts  which  support  TSCA activities are  as  follows:

     Objective 1.   Develop  and  Validate  Test Methods  That  Identify   and Assess
Health  and  Environmental   Hazards   of   Chemicals Under  TSCA.  The purpose of thi s
objective is  to develop and validate environmental   and human  health  effects tests.
OTS publishes  test  guidance to assure  that   industry test   data will  adequately
identify and   assess  potential   environmental   and health hazards due  to  exposure
from chemicals.

     Objective 2.   Develop  and  Validate Methods to  Predict  and  Monitor Human  and
Environmental   Exposure  to  Chemicals Under TSCA.   Tfte -research -•} denti f i es  major
transport and transformat1'on~proce!;ses~and~deveJlops~TrtrH-dated  mode+s  and monitoring
methods and data  bases  so  that the Agency  can document  and estimate human  and
environmental  exposures to chemicals.

     Objective 3.   Develop  and  Validate Improved Risk Assessment Methods  for TSCA
Studi es.   Fhe effort  develops health  risk assessment methods that  are more  reliable
and economical than  existing  methods and  develops  methods  necessary  to  evaluate
major health  effects  for which  no  adequate  assessment methods  exist.

     Objective 4.   Perform Engineering   and Scientific Evaluations and   Assessments
and  Control   Quality  of Agency Ri sk ^Assessment sJ    This objective provides scien-
tific evaluations and assessments  to  OTS on monitoring and risk assessment  problems
and develops  defensible methods to estimate the value of adverse health and  envi-
ronmental  impacts  related  to   the  production,  use  and disposal   of  chemicals.

     Objective 5.   Develop Predictive Techniques in  Support of Premanuf acturi ng  and
New Use Revi ews.   The purpose  of  t hi s  research  is   to develop  predictive  methods
including structure-activity relationships  (SAR)  to  provide  a  tool to determine
whether a  new  chemical  poses  unreasonable   risk  or  needs  additional   testing.

     Objective 6.   Develop Methods and   Provide Quality Assurance  for TSCA  Data  and
Analyti cal  Acti viti es.   Thi s object! ve   supports  research to improve   measurement
methods, fi eld  monitor! ng  systems   and associated  quality  assurance  protocols.
Reference banks and audit  programs to  assess  laboratory  and field performance  are
also maintained to assure the quality of data.
                                       TS-15
-------
     Objective/.  Evaluation  of  Environmental   Control  Measures  for   Existing
Chemicals.  This effort evaluates the release of  chemicals in the workplace and to
the envi ronment  and  assesses  measures  to  limit  the release  of and  exposure to
chemicals.

     Objectives.  Assess  Stratospheri c Modi ficati on.   The purpose of this effort
is to investigate the health  and  environmental consequences of  lower  levels of ozone
and anticipated  increased  exposure to ultra-violet  radiation.   The  Clean  Air Act
Amendments of  1977  require assessment of the environmental and  health  effects of
stratospheric modification due to changes in the  ozone layer.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $276,300 supported  by 4.0 total  workyears for
this program,  of  which $225,300 is  for  Salaries and Expenses and  $51,000  is for
Research and Development.  This  represents  an increase  of $55,000 in Salaries and
Expenses and a  decrease  of $24,000 in  Research  and  Development.  The overall in-
crease of  $31,000  reflects additional efforts to evaluate the  use  of metabolism
studies for exposure assessment.

     Perform Engi neering  and  Scientific Evaluations and Assessments and Control
Quality of Agency  Risk Assessments.  Methods will  be defined to  compare metabolism
pathways in test animals  and  humans.   Exposure  and risk assessments will continue
to be reviewed and portions of assessments will  be conducted where specialized ex-
pertise is required.   Assessment methods  will be reviewed and  modified  to address
program specific problems.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $245,300 and 4.0 total  workyears
to this program of which $170,300 is  under  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation
and $75,000 is  for  extramural purposes  under the Research  and  Development  appro-
priation.

     Perform Engineering  and  Scientific Evaluations and Assessments and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessments.   Exposure and  ri sk  assessments  are  bei ng  re-
vi ewed to assure that program specific problems are adequately addressed.  Portions
of assessments are being conducted  where  specialized expertise is required.   Expo-
sure and risk assessment  methods  are being reviewed and  modified.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from  the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a total  of  $422,000  for this program, of which
$102,100 was under the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  and  $319,900 was for
extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.

     Perform Engineering   and  Scientific Evaluations and  Assessments and Control
Quality of "Agency  Risk  Assessments.   Exposure assessment guidelines  and handbooks
were revised in accordance with  Science Advisory Board review  comments.   Further
changes in the exposure handbook  were recommended  by  an  extramural peer panel.  The
guidelines were resubmitted  for  final disposition to the Science  Advisory  Board.
                                      TS-16
-------
 MONITORING SYSTEMS  AND  QUALITY  ASSURANCE

 1985 Program Request

      The Agency requests a total  of $5,599,000 supported by  27.1  total  workyears
 for this program,  of which $1,872,900 is  for  Salaries  and Expenses and $3,726,100
 is for Research and Development.  The increases of  $167,900  and  $870,000,  respec-
 tively, reflect  initiatives  in the areas of   quality  assurance  in support of PCB
 regulations and methods development  for  measuring  organics,  particularly azo dyes.

      Develop  and   Validate Methods  to Predict  and Monitor Human and  Environmental
 Exposure  to  Cherni cals  Under   TSCA.  Methods  to  measure human exposure and  food
 chain pollutant concentrations  will  be tested at  a field  site to be established in
 an urban area.   Initial  design  work  to establish a World Health Organization Health
 Exposure Assessment  Laboratory  (WHO/HEAL)  will begin.   Improved  statistical  tools
 to aid in  spati al/temporal  analysis will  continue to be developed.  This research
 supports OTS in its assessment  and regulations  of existing chemicals.

      Develop Methods   and Provide Quality Assurance for TSCA Data  and  Analytical
 Acti vities.  The Agency  continues to  foster new and improved measurement  methods
 and quality assurance.   Additional  resources  in this  area  will  be  used to  adapt
 High Performance  Liquid Chromatography   (HPLC)  and  coupled  mass  spectrometers
 (MS/MS) to measure atmospheric  organics,  particularly azo dyes,  a  class of chemi-
 cals with which there is concern about  potential  high  toxicity.  Methods  are also
. b_ei ng devel oped and  evaluated for sampling and  analyzing volatile organic compounds
 which are currently difficult to isolate.

    The increase in the  quality  assurance  (QA)  area  will  be used to  initiate  a QA
 program in  support  of  PCB regulations.   Other activities include development  of
 quality assurance  protocols and guidelines for chemical  and biological measurements.

 1984 Program                                                  	  	 _._
      In 1984,  the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $4,561,100  and  27.1 total  work-
 years to  this  program  of  which  $1,705,000  is  for  Salaries  and   Expenses  and
 $2,856,100 is  for extramural  purposes  under Research and Development.

      Develop and  Validate Methods to Predict and   Monitor Human  and  Environmental
 Environmental  Exposure  to   Chemicals  Under TSCA.The exposure monitoring research
 effort emphasizes developi ng  (T]  monitori ng  data  directly  related  to  exposure
 measurements to  corroborate  the  limited  laboratory  and  model data  used in  risk
 assessment, and (2)  monitoring systems  and approaches  capable of  linking environ-
 mental concentrations  of chemicals  to human exposure.   A  field  test  to evaluate
 exposure monitors,  sampling  protocols  and data  analysis techniques  developed  in
 prior years is  being  initiated.   The  program  is developing  improved  statistical
 tools to aid in the  design and analyses  of exposure monitoring programs.

      Develop  Methods   and Provide Quality Assurance for TSCA Data  and  Analytical
 Acti viti es. We are continuing  research  on  various  cryogenic approaches  and  new
 collector materi als  for sampling  heavier  compounds in  air;  and  a  number of direct
 methods for analysis  of organic compounds  contained in  parti cul ate matter  are
 being examined.  The quality  assurance area is emphasizing protocols for biological
 measurements,  and field work  is  being  conducted  to  develop  guidelines  that  will
 be used in  validating  soil  models.    Finally,  a protocol  and  report  on assessing
 asbestos fiber  reduction techniques is  being  published and laboratory  audits  are
 being conducted  as  needed  and a standard reference  bank for material  spectra is
 bei ng mai ntai ned.
                                       TS-17
-------
 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$11,000 results from the following  action:

     -Reprogrammi ng.  (-$11,000 ) A  reprogrammi ng  was made to this activity which
was not report able  under the  Congressional  reprogrammi ng limitations.  This change
 resulted in a net decrease  of -$11,000 to  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

 1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency allocated  a total  of $5,215,700 and 27.1 total workyears
to this program,  of which  $1,634,900  was  under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
 priation and  $3,580,800  was  for  extramural  purposes under  the   Research  and
Development appropri ation.

     Develop  and Validate Methods to Predict   and Monitor  Human and   Environmental
Exposure  to  Chemicals_Under  TSCA.The  Agency  collected  datafrom  thesecond
 city of the two  cTtyTotal  Exposure Assessment  Methodology (TEAM)  Study.   The
data will   be  used  to  evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  using  personal dosimeters,
biological  samples,   and  population  activity  questionnaires  to  obtain   improved
 exposure data in  humans.   The Agency  initiated  development   work  on a  number of
improved statistical approaches  and  data  handling techniques for  predicting  and
monitori ng human and environmental  exposure to  chemicals.   In addition technical
assistance for a number of  Agency exposure  assessments was  provided.

     Develop Methods  and  Provide Quality  Assurance for TSCA Data  and  Analytical
Acti viti es.Methods Tor  sampli ng  and analyzi ng  volati 1 e  organic  compounds   were
tested.  Guidelines  that will  be used in  the field  validations  of  stream models
that predict  fate  and  transport  of  chemical  compounds also  were completed.   The
audit program for the asbestos in  schools  program continued,  and quality assurance
protocols and standard  reference materials were  provided for  a number  of studies
and fi eld acti viti es.


HEALTH EFFECTS

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $10,835,000  supported  by 59.1 total workyears
for this program, of which  $3,813,000 is for  Salaries  and  Expenses and $7,022,000
is for Research  and Development.   This reflects  a decrease of $44,200 in  Salaries
and Expenses and an  increase of $359,100  for Research and Development  for an over-
all increase  of  $314,900.   The increase  will  focus  on identifying  areas  to  which
epidemiology studies may  be  applied  as  well  as  development  of  risk  methods  for
new chemi cal s.

     Develop  and  Validate Testing Methods That   Identify  and  Assess Health  and
Environmental  Hazards of  Chemi cal s Under  TSCA.    Health  effects test guidelines are
needed for test  FuTes  speci fied  under Section 4  of TSCA  to  define  testing   data
deficiencies under   Section  5, and to  meet  the statutory  requirements  of Section
 10(e).   Existing guidelines contain deficiencies  and  gaps that must be addressed if
we are to  provide reliable, scientific guidance to industry for test  rule develop-
ment.  Laboratory animal, tissue,  and organ culture  methodologies  will  be devel-
oped to provide  more sensitive,  reliable  and  efficient procedures  to assess   bio-
medical endpoints.   Work will focus on two areas of concern to  OTS:   inexpensive
and short-term  screening tests,  and  longer-term  tests  and systems for  the  tier-
testing matrix.   This  research includes  emphasis on  the  relationship of animal
test data  to human systems.
                                      TS-18
-------
     Develop  and  Validate  Improved   Risk  Assessment Methods  for  TSCA Studies.
Additional resources in  1985 will be  used to  address  some of the significant gaps
in the  risk  assessment  methodologies.  Current methodologies,  for  the most part,
have been essentially limited to  cancer risk and many of the  existing methodologies
are i ncompletely validated.   Both qualitative  and  quantitative procedures need to
be improved to  extrapolate  data  from   animal studies to  human risk.  Epidemiology
research will  also  be  expanded  to  assess  areas  where  epidemiology data  may  be
appli ed.

     Perform Engineering  and Scientific Evaluations  and  Assessments  and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessments^OTS performs evaluations  of exposure to cherni-
cal s and assesses the risk that can result from such exposure.  Scientific assess-
ments and data collection support this process.  This research will  provide data on
the adverse effects of inhaled  asbestos and  asbestos like  fibers including the cor-
relation of short-term tests with in vivo carcinogenesi s studies.  In addition, EPA
will investigate the health  effects of speci fic commerical  mineral  fibers such as
those coming from automotive brake pads.

     Develop  Predictive  Techniques in Support of Premanufacturi ng  and New Use Re-
vi ewsT    Estimates of health effects are part of the PMN reviews under Section 5 of
TSCA.  We will conti nue to emphasize development of structure-activity relationship
(SAR) models.  SAR  will  also improve  OTS's  ability  to limit testing  of existing
chemicals to the necessary  tests.  The objective of this  research is to develop a
method  which can use data  on molecular descriptors or  combinations  as  a screening
tool to predict  genetic  and carcinogenic  activities and  prioritize chemicals for
further testing; and to construct a  chemical  data  base in several areas of toxico-
logical response related  to individual organ  systems.    Work  will  also  begin  on
computer assisted predictive metabolism and  hazard estimation  of toxic chemicals
using the Gene-Tox  computerized  data  base.  This  effort  will provide quantitative
health  hazard assessments together  with quantitative j_n vitro and animal test data
suitable for use by OTS in health risk assessment.

1984 Program	
     In 1984 the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $10,520,100 and 59.1 total work-
years to this program of which  $3,857,200 is  under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priations and $6,662,900 is for extramural  purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.

     Develop and Validate Test  Methods  That  Identify  and Assess Health and Environ-
mental  Hazards of Chemicals Under  TSCTA.rhe test method  development program  focuses
on development  of  inexpensive  and  short-term  screening tests and  of longer-term
tests and  systems   for  tier-testing to  a  variety   of  biomedical indices.  This
research includes emphasis on  the  relations  of  animal test data  to human systems.

     Develop and Validate Improved  Ri sk Assessment Methods  for TSCA Studies.   Ri sk
assessment methodologies are being  developed  and  validated  for improved qualitative
and quantitative extrapolation  of animal  data to  human risk  in the  areas of mutagen-
icity,  carci nogenticity. neurotoxi city, adverse reproductive effects and teratology.

     Perform Engineering  and  Scientific Evaluations and  Assessment  and  Control
Quality  of  Agency  Risk  Assessments.Work is continuing on the data baseFoF
asbestosand asbestos  like  fibers,  including the  correlation  of short-term tests
wi t h i n vi vo  carci nogenesi s  studies.  Ue are also providing technical and logistic
support to the  Interagency  Task  Force on  Environmental  Cancer and  Heart  and Lung
Di sease.

     Develop  Predictive  Techniques i n Support   of   Premanufacturi ng  and   New  Use
Revi ews"I  Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR)  research continues on the develop-
ment of toxi cologi cal data  bases  to develop models  for  predicting   carcinogenic,
mutagenic, reproductive, neurotoxic, pulmonary,  renal, hepatic,  and cardiovascular
effects.  Mathematical   and  computer  modeling   work   is  also  being   conducted  in
support of this objective.
                                     TS-19
-------
 1984 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate

     The net decrease of -$28,500 results from the following  action:

     -Reprogramnri ng.  (-$28,500) A  reprogramnri ng  was made to  this activity which
was not report able  under the  Congressional  reprogrammi ng  limitations.  This change
 resulted in a net  decrease of -$28,500 to the  Research and Development  appropria-
tion.

 1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the Agency obligated a total of $7,914,200 for this program, of which
 $4,206,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and  $3,707,800 was for
 extramural  purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods That  Identify  and Assess Health and Environ-
 mental Hazards  of  Chemicals Under TSCA.In 1983, the Agency's accomplishments in-
cluded publication  of  a series  of  papers on  the use of  short-term test systems
 using human cells  as the targets and  a  series on the use  of  short-term tests to
 evaluate the effects of combinations of pollutants.

     Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations   and   Assessments  and  Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessment si   In  1983 the Agency's accomplishments included
publication of a study on occupational  exposure to formaldehyde.

     Develop Predictive Techniques  in Support of Premanufacturing   and  New Use Re-
 vi ews.   In 1983 the Agency's  accomplishments included publication  of   studies on
 structure-activity relationships for two types of  chemicals.


 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

 1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of $678,000 supported  by 8.0 total  workyears for
this program,  of which $478,000  is  for Salaries and  Expenses,  and $200,000 is for
 Research and Development.   This  reflects an  increase of  $280,900 for Salaries and
Expenses,  and  an increase of $200,000  for Research and Development, for an overall
increase of $480,900.  The  increased  resources will  improve the Agency's ability
to predict  the potential  for  release of  and  exposure to new  chemicals and evaluate
control measures for existing chemicals.

     Perform  Engineering  and  Scientific Evaluations and Assessments and  Control
Quality of Agency Risk  Assessments.   Two types of  assessments will be conducted to
 support the efforts  of  OTS in  the premanufacturing  notice  review of genetically
engineered organisms.   First,  an assessment  of  the potential  for  environmental
cont ami nation  wi 11  be  conducted.   Also to be  undertaken  is an  assessment  of the
physical,  chemical, and biological   techniques  and devices  for  the containment and
destruction of genetically engineered organisms.

     Develop  Predictive  Techniques  in  Support  of  Premanufacture Notice Reviews.
Models to  predict the  release and  exposure of different  classes  of chemicals will
be developed.   This  will  meet the  Agency's  needs for predictive capabilities  in
assessing  release and exposure of chemicals in the review of premanufacture notice
for new chemicals  as  required by the  Toxic  Substances Control  Act.   Pilot  scale
evaluations of the treatability of classes of  potentially  toxic  substances  by
waste treatment  systems will be conducted to verify the developed  predictive models.
The chemicals  studied  will  be chosen  from the  classes which appear frequently in
the premanufacturing notice (PMN) process.
                                      TS-20
-------
     Evaluation  of   Environmental  Control    Measures   for  Existing  Chemicals.
Ways to mitigate the  release of and exposure  to  specific existing chemicals  will
be initiated.  This will  be accomplished by evaluating and adapting control  measures
related to the release in the  work place  and  Into  the  environment  of  the chemicals
during their  life   cycles.   Techniques,  management  practices,  and  personal  pro-
tection equipment to limit the release and exposure of chemicals will  be evaluated.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $197,100 and  6,0 total  workyears
to this program, all of which the is under the Salaries and Expenses  Appropriation.

     Develop Predictive  Techniques in Support of  Premanufacture  Notice  Reviews.
The development of  models to predict the  release  and exposure  of  new  chemicals is
being undertaken.   Pilot scale evaluation of the  treatability of new potentially
toxic substances such as azo dyes  by waste treatment  systems  are  being conducted.
The results  from  these  evaluations  will  be  utilized  to  verify  the  developed
predictive models.

     Evaluation of Environmental Control  Measures  for Existing Chemicals.   Evalua-
tions of environmental control measures for existing chemicals are being conducted.
An engineering assessment of the amount of release and contamination  of groundwater
from underground storage tanks has been started.  A model  to predict  the effective-
ness of chemical  protective clothing materials is  being developed.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$70,000 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$70,000) A reprogramming  was  made  to  this activity  which
was not reportable  under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$70,000 to the Salaries and Expenses Apjjrcqjrialloru

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total of $556,900  and 7.7  total  workyears for
this program, of which $359,500 was under the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation
and $197,400 was for  extramural  purposes  under the Research and Development appro-
priation.

     Perform Engineering and Scientific  Evaluations and  Assessments   and  Control
Quality  of  Agency Risk Assessments'.   Process specific information and engineering
assessments have been provided  to  estimate release and exposure  of  new toxic  sub-
stances in the  pre-manufacture notice  review process.   The life cycle emissions
and release studies of dye stuffs have been conducted and  scheduled for publication
in 1985.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total   of $8,837,400  supported by 93.3 total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $6,114,100  is for Salaries  and  Expenses  and $2,723,300
is for  Research  and  Development.   This  represents  a decrease  of $25,800  in the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and  an  increase  of  $783,300 in  the  Research
and Development  appropriation.   The increased  resources  will  initiate a  new re-
search program on biotechnology which  is  concerned with the development of method-
ologies for evaluating environmental risks associated with bioengineered organisms.
                                       TS-21
-------
     Develop and Validate Test Methods That  Identify and  Assess  Health  and Environ-
mental Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA.    The  environmental  hazards  assessment
program i s designed  to develop, i mprove,  and   validate single-and  multiple-species
toxicity testi ng methods.   Focus  will  be  on the  acceleration  of benthic assays
development, development of culturing techniques, and initiation of work on hazard
ranking of  chemicals  based on  single-species  and ecosystem effects.  Terrestrial
toxicology research  will  continue to  focus  on  the effects of  chemicals  on both
plant and avian species, with  emphasis on  validation of test methods.   The compara-
tive toxicology  program is designed to define  how  much  testing is  needed  for an
adequate risk assessment when  one  species  can be used to test and predict adverse
effects for  other   species.    Comparative  toxicology  relationships  on  a diverse
phyla of marine  organisms  as  well  as  on avian vs. wild species will be developed.
System-level research, conducted on the effects  of  toxic chemicals on aquatic  and
terrestrial ecosystem  processes  and  functions,   will  focus  on tests  related  to
freshwater as well  as for benthic marine species.  There wi 11 be  a continuing effort
to develop the criteria for  determining  the  limits of applicability  of toxicological
data obtained in the laboratory to  field situations.

     Develop  and  Validate  Methods to Predict  and  Monitor  Human and Environmental
Exposure to Chemicals Under TSCA.   The  envi ronmental  exposure  assessment  program
will focus  on  development,  improvement, and validation of mathematical models  for
exposure assessments  in  air,  water,  and terrestrial  systems,  in  food  chains,  and
i n multi-medi a environments.   Basic  scientific  understandings,  concepts,  and data
will be acquired on transport  and  fate mechanisms to develop defensible laboratory
test methods and exposure  models  for  evaluating the environmental  fate and multi-
media distribution of chemicals.  Emphasis will be placed  on  evaluating  mathematical
models under various simulated and  actual  field  conditions to estimate  their preci-
sion, accuracy, and confidence limits  in real-world  environments.

     Develop  and  Validate  Improved  Ri sk  Assessment Methods for TSCA  Studies.  In
1985, the environmental processes  and  effects program will  initiate a new program
on biotechnology aimed  at  providing tools  to  OTS for evaluating the environmental
risk associated with  genetically engineered organisms under PMN review.  Work will
focus on developing  scientific  rationales  and procedures for  evaluating transport
and survi vabi li ty  of  genetically   manipulated   organisms   (microbes,  plants,  or
animals).

     Perform  Engineering  and  Scientific  Evaluations  and Assessments, and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessments^ Technical  studies  wi 11  be conducted  for  OTS
on envi ronmental   fate,  exposure,   effects,  hazard,  and   environmental  risk  of
chemicals.   Specific examples  include:  review and  screening  of new chemicals  for
Section 5  of TSCA;  development and  revision of test  rules; and management  of work-
shops on technical  issues of particular importance to OTS.

      Develop  Predicti ve Techniques in Support  of Premanufacturing and New Use  Re-
vi ews:  In 1985, work  on the development of SAR models for predicti ng the environ-
mental  fate and toxicity of chemicals will  continue  with  emphasis on validating of
models and  improving the precision and  reliability  of methods.   Specifically, the
program will:  1)  develop  data sets  and  correlation  models  for  the  prediction/
estimation  of fate  and effects based on chemical  structure;  2) determine the feasi-
bility of using  chemical similarity indices to  identify potentially hazardous  PMN
chemicals;  and 3) develop methods  for the possible estimation  of acute and chronic
effects on organisms SAR.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating  a  total  of $8,028,300  and 90.9 total  work-
years to this  program, of  which  $6,088,300  is   under the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,940,000  is for  extramural   purposes  under the  Research   and
Development  appropriation.
                                      TS-22
-------
     Develop and Validate Test  Methods  That  Identify and Assess Health and Environ-
mental  Hazards  of  Chemicals   Under   TSCA.The environmental hazards assessment
program is designed to develop, improve,  and validate test methods,  for defining
hazards to ecosystems.   Work  on terrestrial plant  uptake  and metabolism  will  be
completed.  Tests  will  be developed  on  a  diverse  phyla  of  marine  organisms  to
develop comparative toxicological  relationships.   System-level  research,  necessary
because effects estimates based upon single  species data may not accurately define
the hazard  to  larger  ecosystems,  is   continuing.   Work  on   defining  critically
sensitive terrestrial/forest  ecosystems  which  are  vulnerable  to toxic  chemicals
will be  completed.   Laboratory-scale   simulated  environmental  systems   will   be
used to validate  effects  methods.   This will be the  first  attempt to develop  the
criteria for determining  limits of  applicability of laboratory-derived toxicological
data for  certain  kinds of aquatic  communities  and  the  first  step  in defining  a
quantitative relationship between  the  data  obtained  in the laboratory with  field
situations.

      Develop  and  Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Environmental
Exposure to Chemicals  Under TSCA.Work continues  to  identify  transport and trans-
formation processes and  to  develop  mathematical  models  and  data bases  needed  to
estimate ambient concentrations of toxic substances in various environmental media.
The main emphasis  on this  topic, however, has shifted to  microcosms and field valid-
ation of previously developed methodologies to determine applicability in  real  sit-
uations.

      Perform  Engineering  and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments, and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessments.  ORD scientists continue to  respond to  technical
assistance requests from  OTS.    It is expected that these requests,  as in previous
years, will include:   toxicity  screening and evaluation  of  newly introduced chemi-
cals; development  of test guidelines for specific chemicals of concern; development
of additional sets of  support documents for new test  guidelines; and  management  of
technical  workshops on newly emerging topics  of interest to OTS.

      Develop Predictive  Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and New Use Re-
vi ews.  Efforts continue  in  developing  structure-activity  models  as  a  means  for
estimati ng toxicity and  fate  of PMN chemicals in the  environment.   This  research
includes development  of models  for defining  bi oaccumulation, toxicity, distribution
coefficient, thermodynamic properities, and  data  bases  on  plant uptake,   fate  and
reactivity of chemicals,  and toxicity to freshwater and marine species.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a   total  of $9,818,000  for this  program,  of
which $6,254,000  was  under the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  and $3,564,000
was for  extramural  purposes  under  the Research  and Development  appropriation.

     Develop and Validate Test  Methods  that  Identify and Assess Health and Environ-
mental Hazards of Chemicals Under  TSCA.   Test  methods  development  projects  com-
pleted in 1983 provided both single-species and microcosm testi ng results, final  data
on the isolated root uptake of  chemicals, and information on the comparative toxi-
city of 10 chemicals to selected species of  aquatic organisms.

     Develop  and Validate Methods to  Predict and Monitor Human and  Environmental
Exposure to Chemicals  Under TSCA.  In  1983 the  following  outputs were produced:   a
user's manual for  EXAMS II; an organic,  multi-media environmental exposure screening
model; and a  heavy  metal  transport,  fate, and exposure model.  Studies  were  also
completed on the  accumulation   of toxic substances  in  estuarine  food chains  and
microbial  degradation   rates;  and  atmospheric pollutant  tracer  field  experiments.
                                      TS-23
-------
      Perform  Engineering and Scientific Evaluations  and Assessments,  and  Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessments.   Major technical assistance was  provided to OTS
by expert  reviews  of testing guidelines,  Section  4 test  rule determinations, and
other documents.

    Develop  Predictive  Techniques   in  Support  of Premanufacturing   and  New Use
Revi ews.  Th"estructure-activity  program  completed   a  generi c  c las si fi cat ion  oT
chemicals in the TSCA  inventory list  based upon structural characteristics.  Also
completed were models  for several  classes  of  chemicals  to  evaluate  potential toxi-
city to  fish;  applicability  of freshwater  SAR models to indicate  bi oaccumulation
and toxicity to marine species; and  models  to  define  and evaluate potential micro-
bi al degradation  of   chemicals  in  aquatic  ecosystems  and  reaction   kinetics  of
ai rborne toxicants.
STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $877,500 supported  by 1.8 total workyears for
this program,  of  which  $135,100 is for  Salaries  and  Expenses and $742,400 is for
Research and Development.  This reflects an  increase of $2,400  for  Salaries and
Expenses and $1,000 for Research  and Development, approximately the same levels as
1984.

     Assess  Stratospheric  Modification.  The 1985  Stratospheric  Modification pro-
gram will include the following:   continuation  of research  on the  adaptability of
plants to  enhanced  ultravi olet-B  radiation  and its  effects  on  various  key life
forms; coordination of Federal  research  in this area; and continuation of support
to the National Academy of Sciences for  updating a  comprehensive  assessment on the
state of know! edge.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $874,100 and  1.8 total workyears
to this program, of which $132,700 is  under Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and
$741,400 i s  for  extramural  purposes  under the  Research  and  Development appropri-
ation.

     Assess  Stratospheric  Modification.  The  1984   Stratospheric  Modification
research program  Ts currently:   worki ng  closely  with  the  National   Academy  of
Sciences to  assess  current  state  of-the-art  knowledge  and  research needs  and  to
provide an updated  report in 1984; preparing the fourth  biennial  research report
to the Congress, which will  be  delivered in  February, 1984; continuing  research to
provide more definitive quantitative data  on the effects to  and  the adaptability
of plants to enhanced ultravi olet-B radiation under field conditions; and studying
the effects  of  ultravi olet-B radiation  on  key marine  life;  and  coordination  of
Federal  research in this  area.

1984 Explanantion of Change  from Budget Estimate

     The net decrease of  -$1,000 results  from the  following action:

     -Reprogrammi ng.  (-$1,000)  A reprogrammi ng  was  made  to this activity which was
not report able  under the Congressional  reprogrammi ng  limitations.   This change re-
sulted in a  net decrease of  -$1,000 to the Research and  Development appropriation.
                                      TS-24
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated at total  of $812,600 for this program,  of which
$75,900 was  under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $736,700  was  for
extramural purposes under the Research  and Development  appropriation.

     Assess Stratospheric Modification.  The  Stratospheric Modification program had
the following accomplishments in 1983.   Computation of solar ultraviolet radiation
fluxes to the earth's  surface  as  a function of latitude,  season,  radiation wave-
length, natural  total  ozone column,  and  percentage  changes  in  ozone  concentra-
tions was  completed.   A  handbook  of tables  containing computations  for  use  in
health, ecological   effects,   and   assessment   studies  was  also  completed.   The
program obtai ned  preliminary  definitive  data  on  the  effects  of  enhanced  UV-B
radiation on crops in the field.


NATIONAL CENTER  FOR TOXICOL06ICAL  RESEARCH

1985 Request

   The Agency is not requesting resources for pass-through funding to the  National
Center for Toxicological Research  in  1985.

1984 Program

   Resources were not requested  for this program in  1984.

1983 Program

-  In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $2,059,600,  all  of  which  was in the
Research and Development appropriation.

   Activities under this  program  were  not  funded  until  late 1983.   As  a result,
major scientific outputs will  not  be  available  in this  reporting period.
                                      TS-25
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                              TS-1

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Toxic Substances Strategies	    TS-27
          Toxics Integration	    TS-30
          Chemical  Testing	    TS-32
          Existing  Chemical  Review	    TS-35
          New Chemi cal  Revi ew	    TS-38
                                     TS-26
-------

































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                                                                   TS-28
-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                            Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $45,418,200 supported by 471.4 total workyears
for 1985.  Of these  resources  $20,337,500  is  for  the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and $25,080,700 is for  the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of 38.1 total  workyears over  1984,  and increases  of
$2,469,800 for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  and $3,317,400  for  the
Abatement, Control   and  Compliance appropriation.   These increases  are requested
to support  new  initiatives  and  expansions  of  existing efforts  in  four  areas:
Toxics Integration,  Chemical Testing,  Existing Chemical Review,  and New  Chemical
Review.

Program Description

     The four programs which make up the Toxic Substances Strategies subactivity—
Toxics Integration,  Chemical Testing,  Existing Chemical Review,  and New  Chemical
Review—are the core  of the Agency's  capacity to evaluate  the  potential  effects
of chemicals and regulate harmful chemicals through  strategies  based on a coordi-
nated approach.   These  separate program  activities  conjoin  in enabling the  Agency
to meet its mandate  under TSCA.

     Toxics Integration— The  major  emphasis  of the  Toxics  Integration program
has been changed to  reflect  the Agency's interest in intermedia chemical  problems
and in better  communication  with  other  Federal  agencies, States,  and  Regions  on
toxic problems.   In  addition,  the  Agency  will  continue to promote  a cohesive,
coordinated Agency,   interagency,  and   international  approach to  solving  chemical
problems.

     Chemical  Testing -- The goal  of the Chemical  Testing program is to  make accu-
rate decisions  about  the  need  for additional  testfng  of high priority  chemicals.
These decisions  result  in the  generation  of data  that will  allow EPA  to  make
reasoned, scientific judgments  leading  to both regulatory and  nonregulatory actions
in its Existing Chemical Review program.

     Existing Chemical Review — The  goal  of  the  Existing Chemical   Review program
is to  reduce  unreasonable  risks to  health or  the environment  caused by chemicals
already in commerce.  EPA plans to use  a  coordinated  and flexible  inter-  and  intra-
agency approach  to achieve a  comprehensive  risk  reduction.   EPA will take maximum
advantage of opportunities to  influence  industry  or user groups  to  reach negoti-
ated agreements  for risk  reduction  so  that risks  can  be reduced  in a more  timely
manner.

     The Existing  Chemical Review program also includes  information  collection and
risk management activities needed to develop TSCA regulations and otherwise  imple-
ment the  program.   Computer  systems   are  maintained  to ensure  the confidential
handling of business information,  the collection and  statistical analysis of  health
and environmental monitoring  data, and the development and implementation of record-
keeping under TSCA  Sections  8  and 12.    The  Chemical  Inventory,  which defines  the
universe of  existing  chemicals,  includes  data on  over  60,000  chemicals  and  is
maintained for both  the new and existing  chemical  programs.

     New Chemical  Review— EPA's new  chemical premanufacture  review  program  re-
flects the  general   preventive  philosophy of  TSCA.   Its  goal  is  to protect  human
health and  the  environment  from  unreasonable  chemical   risks before the  chemical
                                      TS-29
-------
enters into  commerce.   Without imposing undue regulatory burden,  EPA  will  conduct
a program that subjects all  new  chemicals  to  a  comprehensive premanufacture  review
to ensure  that  risks associated  with  intended  uses  are adequately  characterized
and, where necessary, controlled.   A new function of the New  Chemical  Review pro-
gram is the  review and evaluation  of living, genetically engineered  organisms  to
ensure that  society  is  protected from any adverse health or environmental  effects
caused by the use of these substances.  Using the "significant new use" authorities
of Section  5(a)(2)  or  the  reporting authorities  of  Section  8,  the  New  Chemical
Review program closely  tracks  the commercial  development  of  selected new chemicals
after they have entered commerce.


TOXICS INTEGRATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $2,070,200  supported   by  17.8 total  workyears for  this
program, of  which  $814,100  is  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$1,256,100 is for  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.  The  1985
Salaries and Expenses appropriation  is  increased by $31,800 to cover  increases  in
personnel costs.  The 1985 request for the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appro-
priation is  reduced  by  $682,000 as  a result of  the  transfer of  resources  to the
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.  The  emphasis  of  the Toxics  Integration
program has  been  changed  to  reflect  the Agency's interest  in  intermedia  chemical
problems and the development  of  cross-media  chemical  strategies,  and  in fostering
better communication  with  States  and  Regions   on  toxic  substances  information
sharing and chemical problems.

     In 1985, the Agency  will  fully implement the new  intermedia chemical  problem
identification program  piloted in  1984.  This program will  ensure that  the  Agency
identifies and assigns  responsibility  for  chemical  problems  in  a  consistent  and
rapid manner.  High  quality  public  interaction   will  be stressed.   In a  related
effort, the Agency will develop  strategies for chemicals of  special  interest  both
to the Toxics Substances program  and  to  the other  Agency programs.   These strategies
will address  cross-media  issues  and identify the  most  cost-effective  approaches
to total control  of the chemical  problem.

     A second prototype program initiated in 1984 to assist  other  EPA,  Federal, and
State programs in using TSCA information and/or the information gathering and regu-
latory authorities  under  TSCA will  result  in   a  fully  implemented  information
sharing program in  1985.   This  program will  provide  chemical  data and  technical
know-how to Regions and  States to strengthen their capabilities to deal  with  unique
toxics problems.

     In addition to these expanded integration activities, we will continue  already
established integration  activities.   These activities  focus  on creating and  sharing
data bases which contain toxic chemical  regulatory and scientific  information.   The
existence of these data  sources encourages consistent  decision-making and efficient
use of work  already  completed.  The  EPA Chemical Activity  Status Report will  be
updated and Consumer Product  Safety  Commission data added.   This  report, available
through an on-line ADP system,  currently  includes  chemical assessment and regulatory
status information on over 3,800  chemicals of interest to EPA.

     Twenty-five more  organizations  will   be  added   as  users  of   the Chemical
Substances Information   Network  (CSIN),  and  one   additional   organizational  network
will be added.  CSIN provides easy access to a library of systems  through a  central
access point.  We  will  update existing Intermedia Priority  Pollutant  (IPP)  docu-
ments and add three new  pollutants.   These IPP documents contain policy,  technical,
and regulatory  guidance  and   are  used  throughout  the  Agency.   In  addition,  we
will maintain the  Industry  File  Information  System  and  the  Industry  Interaction
Matrix.  The  Industry   File  Information   System,  indexed  by  chemical, includes
information on 83 industry  categories which  are affected by EPA  regulations.   The
Industry Interaction  Matrix  identifies  EPA  staff  involved  in  toxics-oriented
work in every regulated  industry  category.
                                       TS-30
-------
1984 Program

     In 1984 the Agency is allocating $2,720,400 supported by 17.8 total  workyears
for this program, of which $782,300 is  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation
and $1,938,100 is for  extramural purposes under the Abatement, Control and  Compli-
ance appropriation.

     In 1984, the  Agency  will  begin a pilot program to  identify systematically
intermedia chemical   problems.   In  addition,  we  will  focus  on  fully   utilizing
TSCA's broad authorities to  address  cross-media  problems and on coordinated  media
approaches.  We  will  pursue  a  program  of   intensive  interaction  with  other  EPA
programs to  make them  aware  of TSCA's  flexible  information  gathering and  control
authorities.  This  could result in several  pilot  rulemaking  efforts  in which  TSCA
authorities are used by these offices  to solve a  problem  they are facing.

     In another  pilot  effort,  the  Agency  will  begin  to explore  ways  to  share
more widely  information received as  a result of TSCA  action under Sections  4  and
8, as well as the technical  and scientific  knowledge gained  over the  years  of TSCA
implementation.  In   developing  TSCA,  Congress  clearly  recognized  the  need  for
broad public access  to data on commercial  chemicals  and  chemical  hazards.   It
charged EPA  with the  responsibility  for sharing data  obtained  under  the Act  with
all interested  parties, including  Federal,   State,  and local agencies  responsible
for the protection of  health and the  environment.   This  sharing of information  is
limited only by the the Confidential   Business Information protection  guaranteed  by
TSCA.  Significant  amounts  of  data  are  now available,  and  through  this  program
we hope to develop  an efficient  way to make  data  widely available to all  interested
parties in a manner  consistent with the  mandates  of  the Act.

     The Chemical Activity Status  Report will  be  maintained and  used  to  perform
analyses to  identify  duplicative  efforts on chemicals  and  evaluate  the Agency's
regulatory behavior.   Eight  of the  22  Intermedia  Priority Pollutant  (IPP)  documents
will be updated  in 1984 and  three  new IPP's developed.  We will continue to  main-
tain the Extramural  Activity Report  which  is designed to  reduce duplicative  work
by EPA  grantees  and  contractors;  two  updates  are  scheduled for  publication  in
1984.  The  Industry  File  Information System and  Industry Interaction Matrix  will
be updated.              '   ~   ~"              ~  ~

     Policy studies  on  such  topics  as the  feasibility of  cross-agency sharing  of
confidential data and the  pervasiveness  of problems  of  intermedia transfer of  toxic
pollutants will  be completed  in 1984.   Implementation  steps  will begin in  several
of the subject areas  in 1984, and  new studies will  begin.   Candidate  subjects in-
clude issuance  of a comprehensive EPA "State of the Chemicals"  report and  developing
a mechanism  for  EPA  (as  an  Agency)   to publicly "close  out" its  interests  in  a
chemical.

     The principal  efforts in the  CSIN  program  are directed toward  enhancing  the
system to make its management technology more attractive to potential  subscribers
and toward adding additional  subscribers and data  resources.   In  1984,  plans are to
add four new data and  information  resources such as HAZARDLINE  and the Ford  Motor
Company chemical  data  base,  and 50  more user  organizations.    One organizational
data system will  also be added,  and current  CSIN capabilities  will be made  available
to this  same organization.   Finally,  in 1984 we will  evaluate the results of  the
Section 28 State grant programs  closed out in 1983 and  1984.


1984 Explanation of  Changes  from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.
                                       TS-31
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency obligated  $3,209,400 supported  by  30.0 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,390,100  was  for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,819,300  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.   In
1983 we issued the report  on  lead contamination  in  Dallas.   This report was  the
culmination of  a  study  coordinated  by the Chemical  Coordination  Staff  using  re-
sources from EPA Region VI,  the city  of Dallas, and the Centers for Disease Control.
The study provided a new scientific benchmark  in terms of the quality  and integrity
of its  design   and  provided definitive  information  on the  tenuous   relationship
between soil lead contamination and children's blood-lead levels.

     In 1983,  the  State assistance  effort  focused on  establishing an  information
clearinghouse  and peer  exchange opportunities for States, plus assessing States'
information needs for decision-making on  toxics and offering support as appropriate.
Under the State assistance  program in  1983, profiles of toxics  capabilities  of  20
States were  prepared,   and  on-site  aid  was  provided.   Two   grants  were awarded
in 1983.  One  grant resulted  in a report  prepared by  the National   Conference  of
State Legislators, which described toxic substances control trends-in State  legis-
lation.  The second grant was  awarded  to the Association  of  State and  Territorial
Health Officials/Conference of State  and Territorial  Epidemiologists (ASTHO/CSTE)
to identify problems  in  conducting  environmental epidemiological  investigations,
and to  sponsor  a  conference  on  environmental   epidemiology  and  toxicology  for
State-officials.  A compendium of environmental  epidemiological investigations  by
States will  be produced.

     Also in 1983, we  initiated efforts  to  add new data and  information resources,
as well as  50   new  organizations   to the Chemical  Substances Information Network
(CSIN) program.  CSIN  is designed to  serve the data and information management needs
of private  and public  sector  administrators, engineers,  and scientists  involved
in the  development,  production,  transportation,   use,  disposal,  and  regulation  of
chemical substances.  We have  added the following to  CSIN:  two  major commercial
information vendors,  Lockheed's  Dialog  and the  Bibliographic Retrieval  Service,
and one system specializing in  mathematical   modeling, the  U. S.  Coast Guard's
Hazard Assessment Chemical  System. _ This expanded  the  total  to seven  information
services or over  400 data  bases   accessible  through  CSIN. " Over 160  individuals
from 52 private and public  organizations were trained to  use  CSIN during  1983.   A
total  of  104   organizations  and over  400  individuals  are  now trained in   CSIN.


CHEMICAL TESTING

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  $14,498,000  supported by  112.0 total workyears  for this
program: $4,696,200 is  for the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation, and $9,801,800
is for the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.   This represents  in-
creases of  7.3 total  workyears and $493,400  for  the  Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and $1,440,100 in extramural dollars under the Abatement,  Control  and
Compliance appropriation to finalize .testing  actions  proposed in previous  years.
The increase also  expands  the test  data audit program to keep  pace  with the  in-
creases in test studies now  underway.

     In 1985,  the Agency will  continue to  place primary emphasis  on  responding  to
the Interagency Testing Committee's (ITC's)  most recent chemical designations  within
the required 12-month  period.   The  Agency's   response  to the  13th  and 14th  ITC
lists, which we expect  to include  a  total  of  nine chemicals,  will be published  in
November,  1984  and  May, 1985,  respectively.   EPA will  receive  and  initiate data
development  activities  for  chemicals  designated  on the 15th  and  16th   ITC  lists.
During the  data  development phase,  EPA  will   contact  chemical  manufacturers  and
processors,  public interest  groups,  and  other parties potentially affected  by  the
                                       TS-32
-------
ITC's recommendations.  An extensive effort will  then  be  mounted  to  gather  informa-
tion necessary for the analysis and  evaluation of the  ITC  recommendations,  leading
to decisions on the  need  for testing.   The Agency  will continue its  commitment  to
obtain data as  quickly as  possible,  using negotiated agreements when a  mutually
acceptable agreement can  be  reached  with  industry to perform the required  testing.
EPA will always pursue formal rulemaking when  necessary.

     In the past three years the  Agency has  concentrated  efforts  on  clearing the
backlog of chemicals on the  schedule established by court  order  and  on meeting the
statutory deadlines for new  ITC designations.  The backlog  was eliminated  in  1984.
In order to meet these deadlines,  testing decisions  were issued as  proposals.   In
1985, EPA will concentrate  on  finalizing  past testing  actions and put into place a
process for finalizing future testing actions  more quickly.

     The Agency will  continue  test data development  activities  on  chemical  cate-
gories identified through the  new  and  existing  chemicals programs.    Although this
work was started  in  1984,  the first testing  actions  resulting  from this  non-ITC
component of  the  program will  occur  in   1985.   Testing  on those  chemicals will
provide the Agency with data necessary  to  reach a regulatory decision.

     In 1985 EPA expects  to  receive and process 100 applications  for  exemption from
testing to avoid duplicative efforts when  other  persons  are already  performing the
tests.  TSCA  requires  the  Administrator   to  order  those   persons  who  have  been
granted exemptions  from  test  data  submission   requirements,  but  have  failed   to
reach agreement on  reimbursement,  to provide  fair and equitable reimbursement  to
those persons  who  have previously  provided  test data  on   an equivalent  chemical
substance or mixture for  which  the  exemption is being sought.

     A critical  level  of  test guideline  development  work   will   continue in  1985.
This work will focus on  chronic health  screening tests and  higher tier environmen-
tal tests.  New guidelines  will  be  coordinated  within EPA, with other  government
agencies, and  with the international  community to  ensure harmonization with  other
testing procedures.  EPA will  perform  the  required annual  review of  all published
test guidelines to ensure their adequacy.   This  level  of effort will  vary depend-
ing on  the  level   of  public comment  and  advances  made  in testing  methodologies.

     Another critical component of the 1985  Chemical  Testing program is  the data
audit program.  The objective  of the data  audit  program  is  to ensure that  all data
produced, whether a negotiated agreement  or a test  rule,  are  adequate  for  regula-
tory purposes.  The  validity  of  these test data will  be confirmed  through audits
of test  studies  to  ensure  testing  is  conducted  pursuant to   specified  testing
protocols,  TSCA/FIFRA testing procedures,  and good laboratory practices.   EPA will
expand its test data  audit  program to  keep pace with  increases in  the number  of
tests being performed.   In  addition,  we will  refine  our health and  environmental
data audit procedures and begin to develop procedures  covering  biological  testing
and exposure monitoring.  These are areas where EPA  is just  beginning to impose
testing requirements.  Audit procedures enable EPA to  conduct thorough and  consis-
tent data audits on a greater  number of studies  and  further minimize the potential
for invalid data being generated.

     EPA will  continue to participate  in  international  information  exchange pro-
grams.  The most  visible  international effort will  be the Agency's  participation
in the  Organization  for  Economic  Cooperation and  Development   (OECD).   The OECD
Switchboard project,  piloted  in  1984,  will   be  evaluated   and  fully  implemented.
Member countries need  information  on   particular  chemicals expeditiously  and   at
minimal cost.   Unpublished data of  importance to the assessment   of these  chemicals
may be  in the possession  of  manufacturers,  governments,  and academia.  The  Switch-
board project  establishes an international referral  system  to facilitate access  by
member countries to  unpublished  information held in other member countries.  EPA
chairs the Switchboard project and will provide  scientific  and information manage-
ment expertise to facilitate full-scale implementation  of the project.
                                      TS-33
-------
     EPA will  also  develop  bilateral  and  multilateral  agreements  between  OECD
member countries  involved  in  testing programs.  These  agreements will  establish
laboratory and data audit requirements for  all testing performed by these countries,
even if  the  data  will  be   submitted  to  another  country.   This will  facilitate
acceptance of data  and  also  ensure that the OECD good  laboratory practice  compli-
ance scheme is implemented.


1984 Program

    In 1984, the  Agency is   allocating  $12,564,500  supported  by  104.7 total  work-
years to this program.   Of  this total $4,202,800 is for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $8,361,700  is for the Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance appro-
priation.  EPA completed  action on  the backlog of  ITC designations  prior  to  the
court-ordered deadline  of December  31,  1983.   Testing decisions  on  the llth  and
12th lists will  be  issued in  November  1983  and in May 1984 and data development
will begin on the  13th  and 14th  ITC  lists.  The  13th list was received in  November
1983 and designated  four chemicals  for testing  consideration  by EPA.   As the back-
log is  completed,  the Agency  will  begin to finalize  actions taken in  past  years.
and begin data development on  three to four chemicals  identified through  the TSCA
new and existing  chemical program  reviews. Testing  on  these  EPA-identified chemi-
cals will provide information needed to reach a regulatory  decision.

     The Agency will  maintain a critical  level of  guideline development work  in
1984 and  will  publish  seven  new   guidelines.   These  new  guidelines  will  cover
environmental effects and chemical  fate tests.    EPA will  conduct an annual  review
and update of published guidelines  as required by TSCA and will republish any guide-
lines which  require  major revision.   One significant  guideline  update  will  address
the controversial  LD50  (acute  lethality) test,  which will  be updated  to  reduce on
average the  number  of  animals  used in the test.  In addition,  EPA has published  a
rule specifying good laboratory practices  that must be  observed  by  laboratories
conducting tests in  compliance with  TSCA.   The  work on this  rule  was  completed in
1983; it was published on November 28, 1983.

     A comprehensive test data audit program will  be a high  priority in  1984 as
the number of tests being  conducted  as  a  result of TSCA actions  will  continue to
increase.  The Agency  is committed  to ensuring  that  data produced by these  studies
are of high quality.


1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983,  the  Agency obligated  $12,422,600  supported  by   92.0  total  workyears,
of which $3,959,200 was for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and  $8,463,400
was for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.  The Agency  responded
to a total  of 23  ITC designations  in 1983; 16 were  backlog designations and  seven
were designations  from  the 9th and 10th ITC lists.  Both the December  1982  court-
imposed schedule on  the backlog chemicals  and  the  statutory  timeframe on  the  9th
and 10th lists  were met.  The Agency  published  a   final  data   reimbursement  rule
pursuant to Section  4(c)(3)(A)  of  TSCA to  ensure fair distribution among  chemical
manufacturers of costs  associated  with  performing  required  testing under  Section
4.

      The Agency  published   six  new  guidelines for  conducting  basic  health  and
environmental effects and environmental  fate  testing.  In addition, EPA  performed
the required  annual  review and update of published  test guidelines to  ensure that
they were adequate.  As  a result EPA revised 40 of the 80 guidelines  published in
1982 after determining  that technical  areas of the guidelines  needed  updating.
All but one of the revisions  was minor.
                                     TS-34
-------
     This was the first year in which the Agency saw the  results  of  its  negotiated
testing program under  Section  4  of TSCA.   In 1983, the Agency received  nearly  200
test studies  performed on chemicals  subject  to past  testing  actions under  these
negotiated agreements.  These  data  are  a  key component in the risk  identification
activities carried out under the TSCA Existing  Chemical  Review  program and  would
not yet be  available  if  it  were not  for the  Agency's  negotiated testing  approach.


EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $13,709,600  supported  by 125.0 total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $5,824,500 is  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $7,885,100  is for  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents  an   increase  of  22.0  total  workyears  and  increases  under  the
Salaries and  Expenses and   Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  appropriations   of
$1,214,800 and  $1,806,300  respectively.   The increases  will  allow  the  Agency  to
undertake risk management action,  primarily  under Section  6, on the eight chemicals
now in some  stage of  regulatory development  and  maintain  a  risk  management  program
which can continue to deal  with identified  existing  chemicals  problems.   It will
also allow EPA to keep pace with the amount  of test  data being produced as a result
of Congressionally mandated  testing programs, such as  the TSCA  Section  4  Program
and the  National  Toxicology Program  (NTP).   The  1985  program  strikes  a  balance
between new  and  existing  chemical  responsibilities,  allowing  EPA to   respond
appropriately on  new   chemicals while maintaining  our  responsibility to environ-
mental  quality  by controlling or  reducing  the risks  from  existing  chemicals.

     In the  last  few   years,  in recognition  of the need  for  assessment of  toxic
chemical  risks to humans  and the environment, the Congress has supported a number
of programs  to  generate  the toxicity  data  needed  for  risk assessment.  Congress
established the testing program under  Section 4 of TSCA  for  this purpose.   Simi-
larly,  it has created  the  NTP  and  supported testing under other Federal  agencies'
programs.  This Federal activity has, in turn, prompted industry to do more testing,
sponsored both  by individual companies and  by  industry consortia.   These  various
programs are  now  producing  data and  identifying candidates  for risk assessment.
These test results must be analyzed first to  put in priority order those  chemicals
for which data  indicate  significant  potential  risk and  then  to perform in-depth
risk assessments on  those for which controls  may be  needed.

     With 60,000 chemicals currently in commercial  use  it  is important to establish
priorities.   TSCA has  a  series  of natural  screening mechanisms.   Section 8(e)
notices of substantial risk, Section  21 petitions,  Section 4 test data,  as  well  as
Section 8 reporting  rules all feed  data on  existing  chemicals into the risk  identi-
fication process.   The new chemicals program  is  also a  screening  mechanism  in that
new chemical  categories  are usually  minor  variants of  existing chemicals;  i.e.,
chemicals that surface as problems  in the  new chemical review process often  point
to problems  with existing   chemicals.   NTP  testing  and  broad-based  monitoring
studies also identify  existing  chemical  problems.   These  programs identify  chemi-
cals which are  a  high  priority for data development or which have adequate hazard
data to support  assessment.   Once   necessary  data  are  available,  the Agency must
act quickly to  evaluate  this information and take  action where  necessary.   These
mechanisms identify  50-60 chemicals per year for evaluation.

     The Agency's risk evaluation efforts will continue to focus on  specific  areas
of concern.   Chemicals will  proceed  through a  series of information-gathering stages
designed to enable rational  decisions  as  to whether additional  data  or  regulatory
actions are needed.    Chemicals will  be dropped  from review if no significant risk
is found.  All decisions will  be documented.  Chemical-specific monitoring  studies
will be conducted on  chemicals when exposure  data  are  needed to  support  regulatory
decisions.  EPA will  use  the information-gathering  authorities  of TSCA  to  require
industry to  report additional  information  on existing chemicals  about which  there
is concern.
                                      TS-35
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     The major  Section 8(a)  Preliminary  Assessment Rule  and  Section  8(d)  Health
and Safety  Study  Rule  promulgated in previous years will  be amended  to add  chemi-
cals designated for testing  by  the  Interagency Testing  Committee (ITC).  By  amend-
ing these  broad  information-gathering rules to  include  chemicals on each new ITC
list, EPA assures a steady flow of information into its existing chemicals program.
The Agency  will begin  to  use Section 8(c) records of alleged  adverse reactions as
a significant  source  of data for the existing chemicals  program.  Section  8 will
also be  used to  update production  information on a  selected  segment  of existing
chemicals on the TSCA inventory.

     In 1985,  EPA will be  involved in risk  management actions  on  eight existing
chemicals:   asbestos,  PCBs,   MBOCA,   MDA,  1-3  butadiene,   glycol  ethers,  cutting
fluids, and  to!uenediamines  (TDA).   Asbestos  has been  subject  to regulatory  in-
vestigations for  several years.  EPA  now  has  adequate data for major  rulemaking on
this very hazardous and  widely used  substance.   We  plan to issue a  final rule on
several asbestos product categories  that account  for over 50 percent of the asbestos
fiber consumption; we  also  plan  to  issue  a  proposed  Section  6 rule  imposing  a
staged production cap on all remaining uses of asbestos.

     EPA also  plans to issue final  Section  6 rules  on  two  chemicals,  4,4'-methy-
lene Bis  (2-Chloraniline),  commonly  known  as MBOCA, and  4,4'-methylenedianiline,
commonly known as MDA.   We will  begin development of a  rule  to reduce  the  risks
posed by  glycol  ether  solvents,  with proposal expected in  early 1986.  EPA  will
also propose rules on  1,3-butadiene and  on  cutting fluids.  The Agency  will  also
issue a  final  rule  on PCBs,  addressing  the hazards posed by  fires  evolving  from
electrical transformers that  contain  PCBs.   A  negotiated rulemaking  on toluene-
diamines should be completed this year.

     The Agency also  is  responsible  for  assisting the industry  and  the  public in
understanding what the  rule  requires  (i.e.,  the exemption provisions  of the  PCB,
CFC, and  dioxin  rules).   The  1985  activities in this  area will include the  re-
view of  requests  for  permits  to  dispose  of PCBs  in  mobile  incinerators  or  by
other means, as well  as  review of  requests  for  exemptions  to Section 6 rules  on
PCBs and CFCs.  Participation on the  Federal  Asbestos  Task Force and  the provision
of assistance and information on asbestos  through the Asbestos  Technical Assistance
Program will also continue.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of $10,688,500 supported by  103.0
total workyears to this program.  Of this  total, $4,609,700 is  for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $6,078,800  is  for  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.  In 1984, the  Agency will  maintain the momentum gained in 1983  when
it put in place an integrated existing chemicals  risk  evaluation  and control  pro-
gram.  The  assessment  of  existing  chemicals  is  a  five-phase  process  designed  to
focus on  specific effects  of concern.  In  the first phase, EPA  uses TSCA's  basic
screening mechanisms  to  choose the chemicals that  should  be further  evaluated.

      Approximately  60  chemicals are  in one of the evaluation stages (phases  2-4)
at any  given time.   The   risk  evaluation phases  of the  process include charac-
terization of  the problem by  looking at  hazard  and  exposure information.    Risk
reduction analyses focus  on switching to  substitutes,   changing  chemical  handling
practices, required  labeling, and the cost of implementing the  various  controls.
The final  phase is risk  management; when  TSCA does not provide clear authority  we
will work with other EPA  offices  and Federal  agencies  for risk  reduction actions.

     In 1984, the Agency will  gather  information on existing  chemicals  of concern
by triggering existing Section  8(a)  and 8(d)  rules upon receipt  of each  ITC  list.
We will  consider the use  of  Section 8 to  update  the  TSCA inventory, as  well  as  the
need for some broader Section 8(a) rules  for chemicals  being considered for Section
6 control.  We will  begin  developing these strategies in 1984.
                                       TS-36
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     The Agency will  complete rulemaking  on  PCB issues  relating  to the  Environ-
mental Defense Fund suit on the 50 ppm cutoff for purposes of defining the  presence
of PCBs.  As  a  result,  EPA will  work on  four  rules  in 1984 which deal with  PCBs.
The third part  of the PCB  rule,  which  addresses uncontrolled  uses  of PCBs,  will
be proposed and finalized by July  1984.   In  addition, EPA will begin  development
of a  regulation covering  the risks  posed by fires evolving  from  electrical  trans-
formers that  contain  PCBs,  finalize  the  reauthorization of  PCBs  in research  and
development and microscopy, and finalize the PCB exemption rule.

     In addition to the  work on  PCBs, EPA will  begin  work on Section 6 rules  for
asbestos, MBOCA,  and   MDA.   EPA  will  coordinate  its  rulemaking  activities   on
asbestos with  other  agencies through the Federal Asbestos  Task   Force.   We  will
also be analyzing  comments recieved  on the  advance  notices  for MBOCA and MDA  and
begin formulating our regulatory  strategies.

     The Agency will  continue to assist  industry  and  the public  in  understanding
and responding  to  existing  chemical  actions   by  continuing  programs  such as  the
Asbestos-in-Schools Technical Assistance  Program, the  Brake  Mechanics Program,  and
the PCB Disposal Permitting program.


1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     There is no change from the  amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $10,931,700  supported  by  114.5  total workyears,
of which $4,782,600 was for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $6,149,100
was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.   The Agency's  approach
to existing chemical  control  changed dramatically in  1983.   EPA set up the  Existing
Chemicals Task  Force  with responsibility  for  developing and  puting  into  place  a
project management system for evaluation and decision making  on risks  from  existing
chemicals.

     During 1983 the existing chemicals  program received and  reviewed  a  substantial
amount of data  on existing  chemicals.   The Section 4 negotiated  testing program
resulted in submission  of 200 completed  test  studies   by  industry.   Section  8(a)
and Section 8(d)  rules  resulted   in  submission  by the  chemical industry  of  over
3,000 studies and  reports  on existing chemicals.  Under the  Section  8(e)  substan-
tial  risk notification  program,   EPA  received  35  initial  reports,  59 "for-your-
information" submissions,   and 94  supplements  related to previous  initial  reports.
Twenty-six NTP studies were  also  received  and  reviewed.   Chemical  Hazard Identifi-
cation Profile documents (CHIPs)  were prepared  for 20 of the  chemicals.

     The screening  resulted  in  over 60  chemical  evaluations.   Approximately  30
chemicals were targeted for further  analyses and decisions  in 1984; eight chemicals
were moved  into development  of Section 5  or Section  8  rules;  one chemical,  MDA,
was identified  as  a   Section  4(f)  candidate;  and  five  chemicals  were moved  into
regulatory development under  Section  6.   About  20 chemicals dropped from review.

     In 1983, we  amended  the  Section  8(a)  Preliminary  Assessment Reporting rule to
add chemicals  from the  6th through the  9th  and the llth  and 12th ITC lists  (the
10th  ITC list  was  included  as part  of the initial  Section  8(a)  rule).   We  also
amended the Section 8(d)  Health  and Safety rule to include chemicals from the  6th
through 12th lists.   EPA  implemented another  major  TSCA information authority  by
promulgating the Section 8(c) rule  requiring that  records  be kept  for 30 years  on
allegations of significant adverse reactions.

     During 1983 four final  rules  regarding  PCBs were  promulgated.  The first  rule
set numerical  cutoffs  (parts  per  million)  for  purposes of defining the absence  of
PCBs in releases  from closed and  controlled waste processes.  This rule also  adds
                                      TS-37
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additional disposal mechanisms  to  the list of  acceptable  mechanisms for  the  dis-
posal of controlled waste  containing  PCBs  up to 50 parts per  million.   The  second
rule pertained  to  PCS  concentration  in   railroad  transformers;  the  third,  to
approval of  disposal  facilities;  and  the  fourth to testing  methods.   Other  risk
management actions include Advance Notices  of Proposed  Rulemaking on MDA and  MBOCA.

     EPA also proposed  its first  followup  actions  on  existing  chemicals.   Chlor-
inated napthalenes  (CNs)  and   chlorinated  terphenyls   (CTs)  were  designated   for
Section 4 testing  consideration  by  the ITC.  However,  the use  of CNs has  declined
to low levels, and CTs  are no  longer  used  in the United States.   As  a  result, EPA
concluded that test  rules  were not  justified  at  this  point.   To ensure  against
renewed production or expansion of current  uses without adequate review, the  Agency
will track these  chemicals through followup rules.  A  Section 8(a)  rule  was  pro-
posed to  require  manufacturers  or importers of  CTs  to  report  certain  information
on existing  or  proposed  production;   a  proposed rule  under  Section  5(a}(2)   was
published.  Under  this  rule  any  domestic  manufacture  of  CN   or  any  cumulative
manufacture or import  over 100,000  pounds  a year is considered  a  "significant new
use" and subject to EPA review  under Section 5.


NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW                      i

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $15,140,400  supported by  216.6  total workyears
for this program,  of which  $9,002,700  is for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation
and $6,137,700 is  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.   This
represents an increase of 8.8 total  workyears and increases  of $729,800 in  Salaries
and Expenses, and  $753,000 in  Abatement,  Control and Compliance.   These increases
will enable EPA to initiate a program addressing the coverage under TSCA of  genet-
ically engineered   materials.    Commercial  use  of  biotechnical   substances  is   not
covered under any  other  Federal  regulation,  and  significant  risk may  be associated
with some of the uses  of  these substances, particularly as a result of  their release
into the environment.

     In 1985, the  review of  new chemicals  continue?" to~be a  high  Agency priority.
All new chemicals  will  be  subjected to a thorough  review to  ensure that health and
environmental risks are  adequately  controlled.  This  includes  premanufacture  no-
tices, test  market  exemption  applications,  and,  if  applicable,  Section  5(h)(4)
exemption notices.  Conservative estimates  suggest  that about  1,650  new chemicals
will be submitted  for review in 1985;  this  reflects an  increase over  past  years.
About 180  chemicals  will  raise  sufficient health  or  environmental  concerns  to
require a detailed review to characterize their  risk; about 120  new chemicals  will
require some control action  by  the Agency.   Agency control  actions include  volun-
tary actions such  as  testing,  exposure controls, or withdrawal  of the  PMN  by the
manufacturer, the  use  of Section  5(e) consent  orders  which allow  some  commercial-
ization with tight controls while data  are developed,  a  ban on  chemical  production
pending data development,  or  the  development  of  controlled  use  regulations  on
the chemical.

     In addition,   EPA  expects  to  receive  80  test   marketing  exemption  (TME)
applications.  These  applications  are  reviewed  to determine that  the substance
will not present  an unreasonable risk to human health or the  environment under the
test marketing conditions.   The burden is  on  the exemption  applicant  to provide
sufficient information to make  the "no unreasonable risk" finding  or  EPA will  deny
the request.  In the  past,  EPA has denied  or modified  approximately  10 percent  of
incoming TMEs.

     Since the number  of  new  chemicals being  introduced  and  requiring some   EPA
control  continues  to  grow,  we  must look for ways  to  expedite our reviews so  that
other aspects of the  program,  such as  followup,  PMN  rule  clarification, and  bio-
technology, also  receive  adequate  attention.  One  of  the  major deterrents to ex-
peditious review  is lack  of adequate  information  with the premanufacture notice.
In 1985, EPA will  look  for  ways  to  address this problem.   One of the  approaches
                                       TS-38
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being considered  is  pre-notice  communication  with past  submitters to discuss their
new product  line  and to clarify EPA's PMN  data  requirements.  This should  result
in more  adequate  PMN data  submissions  and enable  more PMN  reviews.   Eventually,
this approach is also expected to reduce the number of detailed reviews  and control
actions.

     We will  continue  our  case-by-case  followup program using the  significant  new
use authority of Section 5(a)(2) and the Section 8(a) information gathering author-
ity.  We  will   issue  "significant   new  use"  rules  for  new  chemicals  on which  a
Section 5(e) order is issued.  This will  impose on all  manufacturers and processors
the same restrictions which  have been imposed on the premanufacture notice submitter.
We also plan  to finalize a  general Section 8(a)  reporting  rule  that would require
companies to  submit  reports on new  chemicals  when  they reach a  given  annual  pro-
duction volume.   Additional  options will  be  examined  for  obtaining  more data  as
chemicals prove to  be commercially  viable.   This broad approach to followup  will
provide added protection to public  health and the environment.

     EPA will develop a rule under Section 5(b)(4) of TSCA,  which authorizes EPA to
create a list of  chemical substances  or  categories  of chemicals  that  have been de-
termined to present (or may  present) unreasonable risks during manufacture, process-
ing, distribution  in commerce,  use,  or  disposal.   If  a  PMN is  submitted  for  a
chemical category  which has  been   included  on the  "risk   list," this  rule would
require the  PMN submitter to furnish data which  shows  that the  substance does  not
present an unreasonable risk.

     In 1985, EPA will explore ways to more effectively  communicate  to  industry and
the public  the  technical  rationale  for  its  decisions on  new   chemicals.   Along
these lines, the Agency will  begin  to prepare  advisory  circulars  on new chemicals.
These advisories  will  summarize data requirements  or  controls needed  on specific
categories of  new chemicals,  describe  the  rationale  for   specific  decisions  on
controversial cases,   and announce  decisions  or  legal  interpretations  related  to
new chemical  reviews.   To  the  extent that  EPA can  articulate  its decisions  and
concerns, it can  provide the  chemical industry  with  important insight  into how the
Agency has dealt  with  specific  issues and promote greater  public oversight  of  new
chemical reviews.

     In 1985,  we  will  be   evaluating   living,   genetically  engineered  organisms
(biotechnology) under  Section 5 of TSCA.  Biotechnology has until very recently
been a  laboratory-scale phenomenon; however,  commercial  uses potentially  subject
to TSCA regulation are  now  under development.  Significant  risk  may be associated
with some of the uses of these organisms, particularly as a  result of  their release
into the environment.

     We will proceed to develop appropriate  risk  assessment techniques  and testing
protocols applicable to reviewing these  biotechnical  materials within  the statutory
90-day period.  However,  we  must   develop  the appropriate  techniques  and  models
for analyzing the  hazards of these unique substances,  change  our current modeling
approach from physical-chemical properties  to  predicting fate in the  environment,
and deal with  the unique cost/benefit  issues which  these  substances  will  raise.
As with the  PMN  review process, the  process  for reviewing  biotechnical  materials
will be refined  as  we  gain  experience  and establish  operating policies for  ad-
dressing the risks posed by  these materials.


1984 Program

     In 1984 the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $13,657,600 supported  by  207.8
total  workyears to this  program.    Of  this  $8,272,900 is  for   the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  $5,384,700 is  for  the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.  With  these   resources,  the  Agency   will  maintain  aggressive  new
chemical review and  followup  programs.   We will act quickly  to  identify  potential
problems or  data  gaps  using the authority of  Section 5(e)  flexibly to  induce  data
                                       TS-39
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development and  to  control  exposure.   In  1984,  we  anticipate  receiving   1,450
premanufacture notices,  of  which about 100 will  require some form  of  Agency  con-
trol, either voluntary or formal.  We will review 80 test market exemption requests
submitted to the Agency pursuant  to Section   5(h)(l),  either granting or  denying
the request within the  45  days mandated by  TSCA.  As  in  the past the  applicant
must provide sufficient  information  to the Agency to  support a finding  of  no un-
reasonable risk, or the application will be denied.

     EPA will  continue to  implement  its  strategy  to track  new  chemicals  after
commercialization, using  both  the Section  5(a)(2)  significant new  use rule and
Section 8(a) provisions  of  TSCA.  EPA will  track new  uses  of chemicals with toxi-
city or exposure concerns,  as  well  as  new  chemicals which are subject to  consent
or formal  Section  5(e) orders.   This extends the conditions of  the Section  5(e)
order to all manufacturers or processors  of these  chemicals,  which  otherwise could
be marketed without  restriction.  We plan to  supplement  our  case-by-case followup
program with a   broader  approach by   developing  a  general  Section  8(a)  reporting
rule.  This  rule,  to  be  proposed this year  and finalized in  1985, will  require
companies to submit  reports when  production  volume  reaches  a  given annual  rate.

     EPA will continue to work  toward  promulgation  of  the three pending  Section
5(h)(4) exemption  rules  proposed in  1983.  These  broad-based exemption categories
include site-limited  intermediates  (chemicals that  react with  other chemicals  at
their plant site),  chemicals that are  produced  in small amounts (i.e.,  less  than
10,000 kg/yr.),  and  certain  polymers.   Once  these rules are  promulgated, about  36
percent of the  new chemical submissions  will be  eligible  for a  shortened  review
under one of these rules.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated $13,532,200 supported by  201.2 total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $7,664,600  was  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,867,600  was  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.
EPA has taken  major  steps  over the   last  year toward  fully  implementing the  new
chemicals program.  The final PMN  rule, together with  a  mandatory notice  form,  was
issued in  1983.  Most  provisions  of  the  rule  became  effective;  however, provisions
which cover exemptions  for  research  and  development  activities,  the  definition
of possession and  control,   and  the  data  requirements on  related  chemicals  were
stayed by EPA pending  further review.   With  its  experience in new chemical  review
and regulation,  EPA  can  now act more  quickly to identify  potential   problems  or
gaps in  data.    This  stems   partly from  the  refinement  of the program  but  also
reflects better EPA data bases  and more communication with submitters.

     Since the  beginning  of the  program,  EPA has received more  than  3,000 PMNs.
During that time EPA  has  issued  14  Section   5(e)  orders  banning  or  controlling
exposure to 27 chemicals  pending the development of  additional data  (ten of these
orders covering  16  chemicals were issued  in 1983),  and  required  testing  on  53
substances in light  of EPA  concerns.  Another 24  notices  were withdrawn in light
of EPA concerns.   In  1983,  EPA  acted on  81 test market exemption applications  of
which 74 were granted, two denied, and  five were withdrawn in anticipation  of EPA
action.

     In one major  new chemical  action that year,  EPA  reviewed a notice  submitted
by Union Oil Company  on  a  wide  range  of new  synthetic  fuels to  be derived from oil
shale in the nation's  first  oil  shale project.  EPA and Union Oil  entered  into  a
Section 5(e) consent  agreement  that   requires controls  on  workplace exposure  and
environmental  release  and limits the overall  production  of shale oil  until  long-
term toxicity testing is completed and reviewed.
                                      TS-40
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     Since the beginning  of  the PMN review  program  the  Agency had identified  ap-
proximately 275  chemicals  as requiring  followup.   This  backlog  of chemicals  was
reviewed to  determine  whether  toxicity and  exposure warranted  followup  action.
The Agency  also  prepared  documentation explaining  why  no action  was  taken   on
chemicals for which it found no  regulatory action  was necessary.   EPA  also  adopted
a practice of  issing  significant  new  use rules, called SNURs, in  conjunction with
Section 5(e) orders,  and  proposed three  significant new use  rules covering five
chemicals.  One  rule  covers  two chemicals which had been  subject to  Section 5(e)
orders, and two rules cover three chemicals which were identified  from  the followup
backlog.  Another six rules (covering  12 chemicals) were  developed with publication
expected in early 1984.

     EPA evaluated  comments  received   from  the public  on   its  proposal to  exempt
broad categories   of new  chemicals  from  full  PMN  review.   Three Section  5(h)(4)
rules were proposed in 1983 covering site-limited  intermediates,  low volume  chemi-
cals, and certain polymers.  EPA developed final rules based on comments  received.
                                       TS-41
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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                              TS-1

    ENFORCEMENT
       Toxic Substances Enforcement	    TS-43
          Toxic Substances Enforcement	    TS-45
          Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	    TS-48
                                       TS-42
-------
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                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                            Toxic Substances Enforcement


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $7,120,700 supported by 134.8 total  workyears
for 1985, an  increase  of  $2,328,200 and 41.0 total workyears from 1984.   Included
in this  total  is  $5,351,200 for  the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation, an  in-
crease of  $1,828,200,  and  $1,769,500  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $500,000.

Program Description

     This subactivity supports all  compliance  monitoring and compliance  assistance
activities under the  Toxic Substances  Control  Act  (TSCA),  including support  for
regulation development, Regional  compliance monitoring and  case development,  Re-
gional PCB  disposal  permitting  efforts,  and  management  and  oversight  of  State
grant programs.

     Toxic Substances Enforcement— The Toxic  Substances  Enforcement program  en-
sure s"ToTnpTTalicT~^iTn~T3CA~and  related rules  and  regulations.   Headquarters  and
Regional offices play distinct  but complementary  roles  in the program's  operation.
Headquarters provides  enforcement  support   to  the   TSCA  regulatory  development
process; designs,   implements,  and  oversees  compliance monitoring  activities   by
developing guidance,  strategies, and procedures;  and  provides technical  compliance
assistance and technical  support to case development and prosecution activities.

     Regional offices respond to  special  risk situations; inspect facilities that
manufacture, process, distribute, or use  new or  specifically regulated  chemicals;
and monitor laboratories performing tests pursuant to TSCA testing rules or  volun-
tary testing  agreements.   Regional offices  also  assist the regulated  community  in
complying with all  applicable TSCA  regulations  and  seek voluntary remedial  action
in lieu  of  enforcement prosecution  where appropriate.  In  cases where  voluntary
compliance is not achieved, Regional personnel prepare and issue  notices of  viola-
tion and administrative orders.   The  enforcement program assists and  supports  the
Office of Enforcement and  Compliance Monitoring  (OECM) in the development  of  civil
and criminal referrals.

     Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants —  This program provides  financial  assist-
ance to State agencies to develop and  operate toxic substances compliance  monitor-
ing programs, in cooperation with the Environmental   Protection Agency,  especially
in the area of control of  existing  chemicals.   This program permits  wider  coverage
of the regulated community without requiring additional  Federal personnel.


TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $6,620,700 supported  by  134.8 total workyears
for this program,  of which  $5,351,200  is  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $1,269,500  is  for the  Abatement,   Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
These are  increases  of  $1,828,200  and  41.0  total  workyears  for  Salaries  and
Expenses and $500,000 for Abatement, Control and  Compliance.  These  increases will
enable the  Regional  offices to  expand their activities  in  the  areas  of PCB  and
asbestos compliance  monitoring  and  case  development.  Contract  support  includes
data processing support  for the  Federal  Insecticide,  Fungicide,  and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) and TSCA Enforcement  System (FATES),  the  computer system used  to main-
tain compliance data.
                                      TS-45
-------
     In 1985,  there  will be  an overall  increase  in the  areas  of PCB  compliance
monitoring and  case  development.  Regional  offices will  increase inspections  of
facilities subject to  regulations  for PCB marking and disposal as well  as the PCB
ban.  The increased effort will be targeted at those industries that  have exhibited
high violation  rates of  the  PCB regulations.  The personnel increase will  also  be
directed toward increased case development activity.

     The Regions  will  conduct followup or  supplemental  inspections  in  support  of
the asbestos-in-schools rule, although most asbestos-in-schools compliance monitor-
ing inspections will  be conducted using  extramural  funding.  This funding,  which
will increase  in  1985,  will  support  reviews of records  maintained by  local  educa-
tion agencies to ensure inspections are conducted  to detect friable asbestos.  Also
in the asbestos area, technical assistance and training in asbestos abatement efforts
will be provided  under contract for  State  and local government personnel  and for
owners and managers of public and commercial buildings.

     The Regional  offices will  conduct  1) good laboratory practice (GLP)  and  test
rule inspections,  2) inspections to determine  compliance with  new  chemical regula-
tions, 3)  inspections  under  TSCA  reporting  requirements,  4) import  inspections,
5) export  inspections, and  6)  inspections  in support  of the  chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) ban and  the dioxin regulation.  The Regional  offices  will  provide  management
and oversight  of  compliance  monitoring  activities  of  those  States  participating
in the TSCA  State grant  program.   The Regional  offices  will  be responsible  for
the review and  approval  of PCB landfills  and unique design  stationary  PCB inciner-
ators, PCB disposal site monitoring  and liaison  activities (e.g.,  public hearings)
associated with PCB  disposal.   Under the  Existing Chemical  Review Program,  the
Office of Toxic Substances will issue permits to all chemical and biological destruc-
tion systems,  all  mobile incinerators, and all   stationary PCB incinerators  that
are not of a unique design.

     Headquarters  staff will  participate  in TSCA  rulemaking  activities and  will
develop compliance  strategies  and enforcement   response  policies  for  each  new
regulation.  Headquarters will provide support for  Regional  compliance monitoring,
voluntary compliance  assistance, and  case development activities under Sections  4,
5, 6, 8,  12,  and  13.   Headquarters   will  continue to manage  the overall  program
through appropriate  guidance  and  Regional  reviews,  including  on-sight  program
evaluation.  Headquarters will  also  be  responsible  for  managing  the  extramural
funding of compliance  monitoring inspections in support  of the asbestos-in-schools
rule.  The Toxic Substances  Enforcement program will also prepare  and  issue notices
of violation and  administrative orders and will  provide technical assistance and
support to  OECM  in  the prosecution  of  civil and  criminal  cases  as  warranted.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total   of $4,292,500  supported by  93.8
total workyears,  of  which  $3,523,000 is  for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion and  $769,500 is  for the Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance appropriation.

     The Regional   program  will  inspect   for compliance  and  will  provide  direct
assistance to  firms  seeking  to  voluntarily  comply  with TSCA  requirements.   Where
violations are detected, EPA will encourage  firms  to take specific  remedial  actions
to achieve compliance.  If compliance is  not achieved,  Regional offices  will  pre-
pare and  issue  notices of  violation and  administrative orders and  will  develop
and prosecute  cases,  as  warranted.   The  Agency  will give  priority  to  situations
involving substantial  threats to human health and  the environment.

     The Regional   offices  will  conduct  inspections to  determine  compliance  with
Section 4 testing; Section 5  new chemical  regulations;  Section 6  chemical  control
rules including PCB marking  and  disposal,  the PCB ban,  the CFC rule,  asbestos-in-
schools rule, and   other  enforceable  rules;   Section  8  reporting rules;  Section  12
                                       TS-46
-------
export requirements;  and  Section 13  import requirements.   In  the asbestos  area,
technical assistance  and  training  in asbestos  abatement  efforts will  be  provided
under contract for State and local  government personnel  and for  owners and  managers
of public and  commercial  buildings.  Regional  offices  will provide  oversight  and
management for the State  grant program.  The Regional offices will  also be respon-
sible for  PCB   site  disposal monitoring,  liaison  functions associated  with  PCB
disposal, and the review and approval  of PCB landfills and unique-design stationary
PCB incinerators.

     Headquarters will manage and execute  national  programs to  monitor  compliance
with test  rules and  voluntary  testing agreements  under  Section  4,  new  chemical
regulations under Section 5, Section 6  chemical  control rules,  Section 8 reporting
regulations, Section 12 export notice requirements, and Section  13  import  require-
ments.  Headquarters  is  responsible for managing  the extramural  funding  of  com-
pliance monitoring inspections under the asbestos-in-schools program.   Headquarters
will also participate  in  regulation development  directed by the  Office  of  Toxic
Substances.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$157,800 results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$157,800)  A reprogramming was  made to  this activity  which
was not reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This  change
resulted in a  net decrease  of  -$500 to the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all  non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  Support  program element.   This  reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling -$157,300,  was  included in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29,  1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency  obligated  $3,084,200  supported  by 78.3 total  workyears,
of which $2,877,200  was  for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation and  $207,000
was for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.   Extramural  funds
provided compliance  inspection  support,  chemical  analysis  of   samples,  and  data
processing support.

     Regional  office staff  responded to special  risk incidents, inspected  PCB  and
CFC establishments,  conducted compliance monitoring activities to support Section 5
premanufacture notification review and Section 8(e) substantial   risk  notification,
and developed  and prosecuted enforcement cases upon detection of serious violations,
including those  originating from State-conducted  inspections.   The  Agency  issued
administrative orders in  294 cases  and  issued  372 notices  of warning.   The  Agency
also referred  five  criminal and three  civil  cases  to  the Department of  Justice.

     Headquarters assisted  in  developing   new   rules  and  regulations, including
Section 4 GLPs;  significant new use  rules  (SNURs)  and  the premanufacture  notifi-
cation (PMN) rule under Section  5;  Section  5(e) orders;  the PCB electrical  equip-
ment rule and the asbestos-in-schools  rule  under Section  6;  the Level A  chemical
information rule  and asbestos  reporting  rule  under Section 8(a);  Section  8(c)
recordkeeping  regulations;  and  Section  13  import  regulations.   Draft  compliance
monitoring strategies were  completed for Sections  8(c), 8(d), and  8(e).  The Head-
quarters compliance  monitoring  staff developed  enforcement response policies  for
dioxin, asbestos-in-schools,  and  settlement   with  conditions   for  remittance  of
assessed penalties.    Compliance  monitoring  staff  developed  inspection targeting
guidance for compliance monitoring associated with  Sections 5,  6,  and 8 (including
dioxins, CFCs,  and  asbestos-in-schools).   Enforcement actions  on  seven PMN  cases
were taken resulting from  cases  being  developed by  Headquarters  staff.   Assistance
was also  provided  to  Regional  offices  in  the  development, and  prosecution  of,
enforcement cases under Sections  6 and  8(e).
                                       TS-47
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AGENCY
                                1985 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents
                                                                               j>AGE
ENERGY                                                                         E-l
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Multi-Media Energy	     E-5
                                        E-l
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                                      ENERGY


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The overall goal  of  the  Energy research and development program is to provide
the scientific  and technical  information  necessary  to  support the Agency's permit-
ting and standard  setting processes and allow for  the  development and utilization
of energy sources  In  an environmentally acceptable manner.   Research  will  be con-
ducted to better understand the  phenomena  of acid deposition; provide acid deposi-
tion information upon  which mitigation decisions may  be made; expand  EPA's  know-
ledge of the  performance, reliability,  and cost of the  limestone injection multi-
stage burner  (LIMB) control  technology;  enhance the Agency's  knowledge  of the po-
tential health  and environmental  effects  of emerging  energy technologies;  and,
characterize and evaluate synthetic fuels discharges.

ACID RAIN

     The Energy Security  Act of  1980  (Title VII  of  P.L. 96-294)  established the
Interagency Task Force on Add Precipitation to develop and Implement a coordinated
National Acid Precipitation Assessment  Program  (NAPAP).  The purpose  of the  NAPAP
is to increase  the  understanding of the  causes  and effects  of acid  deposition  so
that reliable  information can  be  provided  to  policy-makers, and timely,  cost-
effective decisions formulated for  managing acid deposition.  EPA  Is  one  of  three
Joint chairs  of the  Interagency  Task  Force which 1s responsible  for  NAPAP and has
the lead role in several  acid deposition research  areas:  aquatic effects, control
technology, and policy assessment.

     Many questions still  remain  unanswered about the  causes, effects, and methods
of mitigating or controlling acid deposition.  The objective of our acid deposition
research is to develop the necessary data to fully understand the sources and char-
acteristics of acid deposition as well as the  extent of damages or potential damage.
This information Is essential  in developing effective,  scientifically  sound, reg-
ulatory policies.

     For program purposes,  acid  deposition  research  activities  can  be described
by five  generic categories:  man-made  sources;  atmospheric  processes;  deposition
monitoring;  environmental   effects;  and  assessment  and  policy analysis.   Research
in the man-made sources area  are designed to accurately  estimate the  emissions  of
ma-jor pollutants to acid deposition.  Research efforts  in the atmospheric processes
area are designed  to  address the  atmospheric  transport,  physical  and  chemical
transformation,  and deposition processes of add deposition pollutants.  In deposi-
tion monitoring, efforts are designed to quantify deposition of acid materials with
sufficient accuracy to establish cause  and effect  relationships, and  to provide
information for the analysis  of  the effects  of add  deposition.  In the  area  of
environmental  effects, research  projects  are  being  conducted  to  define  the impact
of acid  deposition  on  aquatic   systems,  crops,  forests  and  soils,  and  man-made
materials.   Finally, the  policy   analysis  research effort  is designed  to perform
integrated  assessments, linking all  of the  generic  acid deposition research areas.

LIMB CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

     A second major research  area is  the development  of performance,  reliability,
and cost data to accelerate  the  commercialization  of  innovative  or cost-effective
energy-related pollution  control  technologies.   The  thrust  in   this  area is  the
development of the  limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB) emission reduction
technology.   The LIMB is a technology which combines SOj  control  with simultaneous
NOX control  by  mixing  coal  and  limestone together,   pulverizing the mixture  and
combusting  the  mixture in a  low  NOX  burner.   This   technology  can  potentially
lower the capital  cost to industry  of SOX  control  by  a  factor of  3 to  4  and
annual  operating costs of 50 percent.
                                        E-3
-------
SYNTHETIC FUELS

     A third major research activity is the development and evaluation of data on
the health and environmental  impacts of pollutants associated with synthetic fuel
processes; the characterization of discharges,  and the assessment of emission re-
duction technology options  for mitigating these impacts.   These  efforts will assist
industry and permitting officials in identifying  problems  which  might  impede the
commercialization  of the  industry,  while  at the  same time,  ensuring the quality of
r.he envi ronment.
                                       E-4
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                                     ENERGY


                               Multi-Media Energy

                                                        Amendment/
                                                        Current
                                           Actual       Estimate    Estimate
Major Outputs/Milestones                    1983         1984         1985

Develop Understanding of Acid Rain
Needed for Assessments and Policy
Analysi1;

         Report presenting the
         historic data base
         (S02, NOX)                         4/84         4/84

         Report on data analysis
         technique to determine
         relative source
         contributions                      6/84         6/84

         Prototype industrial
         combustion emissions model                      5/85         5/85

         Transport, chemistry and
         precipitation modules for
         nonlinear model                    6/84

         Ambient Air Monitoring
         Prototype Network to verify
         source/receptor models                          6/85         6/85

         Develop improved dry
         deposition monitor                 9/84         9/84

         Full  complement of
         wet deposition stations                         8/85         8/85

         Procedures for determining
         the accuracy of acid precip-
         itation measurements               9/84         9/84

         Regional  Sensitivity
         Geochemical  Model                  12/84        12/84        12/84

         Preliminary Report of
         National  Lake Survey                            4/85         4/85

         Report describing long-term
         changes in forest tree growth
         associated with acid
         deposition                        10/84        10/84        10/84

         Report on effects of
         exposure to various
         environments                      10/84        10/84        10/84

         Finalization of Materials
         Inventory Coefficients
         matrix for North America           8/84         8/84
                                       E-7
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Major Outputs/Milestones

         Report on effects of acid rain on
         tree growth and soils

Develop Health and Environmental Risk
Analysis in Support of EIS and Permitting

     -  Prepare a workshop report on
        chemical dosimetry

     -  Report on upgraded health and
        environmental risk analysis for
        three synfuel technologies

     -  Complete user's guide for
        health and environmental risk
        analysis methodologies for
        complex mixtures

Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control
Technology

     -  Document sorbent-reaction
        kinetics

     -  Document LIMB wall-fired boilers,
        pilot-scaled development; and
        prototype scale testing

     -  Document scale-up criteria for
        retrofit burners for wall-fired
        boilers

     -  Document LIMB generic engineering
        design-analysis

     -  Select demonstration site and co-
        sponsor

     -  Fix design for wall-fired demonstration

Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development
in Cold Climate

     -  Evaluation of automotive CO emission
        control techniques at low temperatures

        Users manual on the effects of oil and
        gas development on tundra wetlands

     -  Effects of turbidity in the water column
        resulting from placer mining operations
Actual
 1983
Amendment/
Current
Estimate     Estimate
 1984          1985
              9/84
              9/84
12/85



 6/86



 3/85


 9/85
 3/85




12/85





12/85



 6/86



 3/85


 9/85


 1/85

 6/85





 4/84


 9/85


 4/85
                            3/85
                           12/85
 12/85



—6/86-




  3/85


  9/85


  1/85

  6/85
                            9/85


                            4/85
                                       E-8
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                                       ENERGY


                                 Multi-Media Energy
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $48,503,500 supported by  72.6 total  workyears
for 1985,  an  increase  of  $18,053,700  from  1984.   Included  in  this  total  is
$4,183,500 for Salaries  and Expenses and $44,320,000 for Research and Development,
with an  increase  of  $208,000  and  $17,845,700,  respectively.    This  substantial
increase reflects  the  Agency's  efforts  to  better  understand  the  acid  rain pheno-
menon.

Program Description

     The Multi-Media  Energy  program  addresses  those  problems  originating  from
energy sources which have the potential  to  adversely affect  the  environment in one
or more  media.   The  primary goal  of this  program  is  to  provide  the  scientific
information necessary  to  permit the development and utilization  of this  nation's
natural resources  in  an  environmentally  acceptable manner.  The Multi-Media Energy
research program has  eleven  (11)  major  objectives  which  support this  goal.   The
first seven  of  these  objectives  are in  direct  support  of  the Acid  Deposition
program.

     Objective 1.  Estimate  Emissions from Man-Made Sources.  This  research  will
allow us to  better understand and  simulate the complex relationships  among emis-
sions resulting  from man's  activities, both historically and  currently,  to accur-
ately ejstimate  the  emissions of  major pollutants  related  to  acid  deposition.

     Objective 2.  Understand  Atmospheric  Processes.  This  work will  provide  a
better understanding of  the atmospheric  transport, physical  and  chemical  transfor-
mation, and deposition processes jafjiollutants emitted to the atmosphere.

     Objectives.  Establish   Deposition  Monitoring  Data  Bases.  This  research
will quantify wet  and  dry deposition of  acid materials,  both spatially and tempor-
ally, with sufficient  resolution  to establish cause  and effect  relationships.  In
addition, research will provide input  to effects studies and to  evaluate component
models.

     Objective 4.  Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects.  This  work  will  enable
us to"  quantify   the  impacts  of  acidification  on  representative aquatic  systems
through the development  of  dose/response relationships and to apply these  data to
the development of appropriate mitigative measures.

     Objective 5.  Understand  and  Quantify Terrestrial  Effects.  We  will  develop
acid deposition  dose/response relationships  for  variouswild  and  cultivated plant
species and more accurately  estimate  material  transport through  soils  to  aquatic
systems.

     Objective 6.  Understand  and  Quantify  Effects  on  Materials  and  Cultural
Resources.This research will determine how materials are damaged  from acid depo-
sition.  This  includes  determining those  materials  and   resources at  risk  and
developing the information required to differentiate the effects of acid deposition
from the effects of other natural  and man-made sources.

     Objective 7.  Assess  Research  Results  and  Data to Provide Information for
Policy Analysis.  This  work  will   enable  us  to   integrate   tRe  acid  deposition
research program effort  and to  provide information to decision-makers to  formulate
appropriate actions for  dealing with acid deposition  issues on  a timely  and cost-
beneficial  basis.  Work  in  this objective  will  result in the building  of  a  better
                                        E-9
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framework for program decision-making;  developing strategic policy and data systems
to meet  policy-maker needs;  and  providing  the  scientific basis  for  evaluating
alternative systems of control and mitigation strategies.

     Objective 8.  Develop, Evaluate, and Document Limestone Injection  Multi-Stage
Burner (LIMB) Control Technology.This work will  allow us to  develop and evaluate
an effective and inexpensive  emission  control  technology  that  will  simultaneously
remove sulfur  oxides (SOX) and  nitrogen oxides  (NOX)  from boiler  flue  gases  of
pulverized coal boilers.  This technology is based on the  use of low-NOx combustion
techniques in  combination  with  dry-sorbent  (e.g., limestone)  injection  into  the
combustion zone.

     Objective 9.  Develop  Health  and  Environmental   Risk Analyses  in Support of
EIS and Permitting Actlviti es.This research  is  to  develop and validate  ascien-
tifically reliableriskanalysis  procedure for  complex   mixtures,  to  provide  an
evaluation of  the  potentially  adverse effects  of  high   priority  synthetic  fuel
processes, and to assess the needs and benefits of pollution control.

     Objective 10.  Characterize  and  Evaluate  Synfuels   Discharges   and  Control
Technologies.  Research  under this  objective  will  characterize and  quantify  the
emissions and effluents  from  a  variety of coal-based and  oil  shale synthetic  fuel
processes; and  identify  and evaluate  a  variety of pollution  control  technologies
for these  same processes.   The  program  provides engineering  assessments of  the
cost, performance, and reliability of alternative  control technologies for synthetic
fuel processes.

     Objective 11.  Evaluate  Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates.   This
work will provide  information to better define the  impacts of  coal, oil and  gas
development and  atmospheric  pollution  on  arctic  and  sub-arctic  ecosystems  and
propose mitigative measures.   The program  focuses on  the State  of  Alaska  where
natjral resource development,  and  expanding population,   and  the extreme  climate
pose unique environmental and health problems.


ACIC RAIN

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $34,365,000 supported by  19.7  total  workyears
for this  program,  of which $952,500 is  for Salaries and  Expenses  and $33,412,500
is for Research  and  Development.   This  reflects  an increase over the  enacted level
of $362,000  and $18,628,200,  respectively.   This  substantial   increase,  of  124
percent over the  1984  enacted  level,  will  support  several   research  initiatives
including: 1)  development  of  a  comprehensive  field study  to  better  define  the
acidic deposition  transport  and  transformation  phenomenon;   2)  establishment  of
monitoring stations to quantify air concentration  levels for acid deposition precur-
sors; 3)  enhancement  of the National Trends Network; 4) establishment and testing
of a long-term  monitoring  system designed to provide advance  warning of the  acid-
ification of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; 5) completion of a national  survey
of lake  chemistry  to develop baseline information on  the current status  of  lake
chemistry and,  initiation  of  a  similar  survey  for  streams;   6)  initiation of  a
survey of forest damage;  and, 7) initiation of an acid  fog study to  determine  the
chemical and physical phenomenon of acid formation.

     Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources.   Research projects will  pursue  the
following questions:1) What are the quantities and locations  of  sources of  acid
deposition precursors 2)  How will  sources  respond to different government policy
option:;?  3)  What might  be  the  levels of  future emissions  from major  sources?
                                        E-10
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Detailed emissions  Inventories  concentrating  on  SOX  and  NOX but  expanding into
volatile organic  compounds  (VOC's)  will  be compiled  for  use  in advanced regional
models.  Jse of the Advanced Utility  Simulation  Model  (AUSM)  for a range of policy
options will begin.   Industrial combustion emissions and industrial process emis-
sions will  be developed  to project  SOX  and NOX in  10  and  20 year  scenarios.
This work  will  accelerate delivery of  a complete emission  inventory  using  a 1984
data base.

     Understand Atmospheric Processes.  Research  1n  this  area   responds  to  such
question;; as:  "What sources are most responsible for deposition  in areas sensitive
to acidification?  and  "Under  what  circumstances and  in what  proportions  do local
and remote sources contribute to acid deposition?"  To help answer these questions,
research will  be  designed  to  improve  our  capability  to  examine and  predict the
transport of pollutants.  The data from the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment will
be completed  and  new instruments  for measuring  inter-layer  atmospheric transport
in clouds will be field tested.

     In 1985,  we  will  plan  an atmospheric field  study using chemical  tracers  in
emissions, recently developed gas measuring instruments, and extensive conventional
monitoring in  order  to  study empirically the movement  and  transformation  of acids
and precursors from  sources to  receptors.  To  further understand  what  substances
in the atmosphere  determine  the rate of formation of  acid  substances,  laboratory
and field studies  to  investigate  the complex chemical  changes  and physical scavenging
that occur in  the  atmosphere,  particularly in clouds,  will  be conducted.   Modules
to characterize the chemistry and wet scavenging will be developed for the advanced
acid deposition  regional  model.   New  work in  cloud   chemistry,  fog acidity  and
ambient measurements will  begin.  Work  on  a meso-scale  model to  determine urban
influences on acid deposition will begin.

     Establish  Deposition  Monitoring Data Base.  In  performing  these  monitoring
activTties EPA will  respond to  such  questions  as:   (1)   How  much acid and other
substances are being  deposited in various  regions of  North America?   (2)   Is the
acid rain problem getting better  or worse?   (3)   What are the  spatial and temporal
variations in  deposition? and  (4)   What is the relative Importance  of wet and dry
deposition?

     In 1985,  our  efforts to  establish measurement techniques  for  dry  deposition
will  be increased  significantly.  EPA  will continue to provide  quality assurance
and to serve  as  a repository  for the data from  deposition  monitoring networks  in
the United States.   Efforts will continue  to develop more  reliable,  accurate and
precise methods for measuring  the chemical  composition of acid precipitation via a
full  deployment of the national trends network.

     Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects.   The aquatic effects program responds
to such questions as:TTTAt what time (e.g.,  5 years,  20 years, 25 years, etc.)
if ever, will  irreversible damage occur in aquatic ecosystems? (2)   What specifically
causes damage? (3)  What  are the magnitude and extent  of  the  effects  of acid dep-
osit-ion occurring today and  in the  future? and  (4)  To what extent does acid dep-
deposition versus other types of acidification effect aquatic ecosystems?

     In 1985,  we  will  experimentally acidify a  lake to study  changes.   Intensive
ecological  monitoring  to   give  advance  warning   of  the  onset  of  acidification
effects will  begin.   The  second  and  third phases  of  the National Lake  Survey  to
monitor aquatic chemistry and biota  for selected water bodies will begin.
                                       E-ll
-------
     Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects.  This program will  seek to answer
questions similar to those "of the  aquatic  effects program.   To help  understand the
magnitude and extent of  acid deposition effects  occurring today and  in the future,
a wide variety  of  field  and laboratory studies  attempting  to  estimate and predict
the effects  of  acid precipitation on  forests,  rangelands,  wetlands,  wildlife and
crops will be conducted.

     In 1985, the effects  of soil infiltration,  soil  chemistry,  weathering,  metal
transport, exchange  and   depletion  of nutrients  and  soil  sensitivity  will  be
addressed.   Similarly, further  research  is needed to understand the  factors  which
cause damages.  Intensive ecological  monitoring  of terrestrial  sites  will  have ob-
servation protocols designed to detect  subtle changes  in  tree  girth,  seedling sur-
vival and other factors.   This work will commence a national survey to detect subtle
changes that would give advance warning of acidification effects.

     Understand  and  Quantify  the  Effects on Materials  and  Cultural Resources.
To respond to such questions as:   "At what time, if ever, will irreversible damages
occur to materials?"  and  "What  specifically  causes  damages?"  The effects of acid
deposition on construction  materials  such  as  metals, masonry  and  some stone  types
will  be studied in  both  field and laboratory observation  programs.   By developing
ar assay of materials at  risk, the research program will have a better understanding
of the magnitude and extent of  acid  deposition  effects  occurring  today and in the
future.  In  1985,   new   work on   damages  to  concrete  and  coatings  will  begin.

     Integrate  Research  Assessment   and  Provide Information for Policy Analysis.
Th i s program responds to questions that cut across several  research  objectives and
re" ate to  the  decision-making  needs  of  policy  makers.    In  1985,  the  following
projects will be  supported:  (1)  development  of advanced  methods  for performing
the integrated  assessment  function;  (2)    assessment  of  possible  NOX  control
strategies relative  to   possible   SOg  control  strategies;  (3)    operation  of  an
assessment data system to  include sources, effects and economic estimates;  (4)  an
analysis of  the effectiveness  and  costs  of  controlling damage  at  the  receptor
sites versus control  of  emissions at  source  sites;  and,  (5)  application  of  inte-
grated assessment methods for optimal  mitigation solutions which combine a selection
of strategies  and   technologies.   We  will  complete the  1985  assessment  of  the
physical  damages related to acid deposition.

     Supplemental  Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of $5,500,000  for  this  program, all of  which is
for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appropriation.

     The requested  resources  are for a National  Lake  Survey (1) to  gain  synoptic
data on a  statistically balanced group of  U.S.  water bodies (2) to  begin a three
phase survey that will sample  a fraction of  all  lakes  in the country.  Data current-
ly available focuses on problem water bodies that scientists have  selectively chosen
to study.  There is no broad baseline of data  from which to predict potential change
in lake  chemistry.   These  funds  will  survey  approximately  3000  lakes  throughout
the country  and  include  continuing  study  of some  (100-500)  lakes on  a  periodic
basis.  The  workplan  of the National Lake Survey contemplates a preliminary report
of findings  in March of 1985.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a  total  of $15,374,800 and 13.0 total  work-
years to this program,  of which  $590,500  is under the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $14,784,300 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.
                                       E-12
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     Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources.  Inventories  of the  man-made  emis-
sions of  acid  rain  precursors  such as  SOX  and  NOX  and  oxidant  precursors  such
as hydrocarbons  are  being analyzed  and  improved  by EPA.   In  addition,  models are
in use  in trial   simulations  for electric  utilities.   Other  important  industrial
sectors will  provide  comprehensive  costs  and  emission   changes   for  alternative
control strategies.

     Understand Atmospheric Processes.  Our  capability to examine  and  predict the
movement of  air  masses and  pollutants  through the  use of tracer  experiments and
computer modeling  will  increase.  Laboratory  and  field studies are  being conducted
to investigate the complex chemical and physical changes that  occur in the atmosphere
and the role  of  oxidants  in acid formation.   An  Advanced  Acid Deposition Eulerian
model framework  is  being  formulated to  serve as  the main  integrating mechanism
for the atmospheric  processes program.

     Establish  Deposition  Monitoring  Data  Base.  Monitoring  networks   are  being
expanded, standardized and integrated Into a  well  designed National  Trends Network.
EPA has the  role of providing  quality  assurance and  serving as a  respository of
data frorr, which  long-term trends will  be documented  and  studied.   EPA will  test
several methods to measure dry deposition  accurately.   We  will evaluate and deploy
new techniques at a  limited number of National  Trends  Network  stations  so that the
amount and composition of dry deposition can  be estimated reliably.

     Understand  and  Quantify  Aquatic   Effects.   Research  is  being conducted  on
lakes, streams and wetlands to determine the  factors controlling acidification. The
impacts on  foodchains  and organisms  ranging from  fish to microscopic  plants are
being investigated.  Surveys are being made  of  water resources,  soils,  geology and
other factors to improve our knowledge of what areas and resources may be  vulnerable
to damage.  The number  of lakes,  streams,  and groundwaters that are susceptible to
acidification is  being  documented   and the  problems  and  techniques  associated
with mitigating the  effects  are being investigated.   Interim  protocols  for liming
and mitigation steps are being written.

     Understand and  Quantify Terrestrial Effects.   The  potential  impacts  of  acid
deposition onforests,rangelands,  wetlands,  wildlife, crops and  soils are  being
studied,,  Emphasis is being placed on developing methods to estimate the  historical
growth patterns  in  forests  and  to  identify  the   significant  parameters  (e.g.,
precipitation, pH, plant age, climate) affecting growth.

     Understand and  Quantify the Effects on  Materials and Cultural  Resources.   The
effects of acid deposition on materials  such as building  stone, metals,  and paints
are being examined.  Techniques to differentiate  the  effects of various  pollutants
are being developed, and  the  cost  of damage to  man-made structures and cultural
resources is being estimated.

     Integrate  Research  Assessments  and Provide Information for Policy Analysis.
An in-depthCriticalAssessmentDocument  ofexistingscientificinformationTs
being completed, and annual  reports  prepared  by the Interagency  Task Force on  Acid
Precipitation, will  be  used  to continually  update  the scientific  base.  Analyses
are being made of the effectiveness, costs and feasibility of controlling emissions
of acidic components, precursors and  oxidants.   New technology and  diverse strate-
gies to control emissions  are  being  examined and optimal  solutions combining  var-
ious technologies  and  strategies  are  being  explored.  EPA is developing an im-
proved methodology  for integrated  assessment  of  the  acid  deposition  phenomenon.
This will   allow  cost/benefit   comparisons  of  alternative  mitigation   measures.
                                        E-13
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1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$11,700 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$11,700) A  reprogramming  was made  to this activity  which
was not reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This  change
resulted in a  net  decrease  of -$11,700 to the Research and Development appropria-
ti on.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a  total  of $13,070,700 and 15.3 total  workyears
For this program, of which $820,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $12,250,300  was for  extramural   purposes  under the  Research and  Development
appropriation.

     Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources.  Accomplishments under  this  objec-
tive included testing an Advanced  Utilities  Simulation Model, using  an  operational
state level version of  the  model.   The Agency completed  an  emissions Inventory  as
well as an inventory of emissions from utilities.

     Understand Atmospheric Processes.  The  plan   for  an   advanced  regional   acid
deposition modelwas   completedand  work begun  on  computer  coding.   The  Cross
Appalachian Tracer Experiment was  run with  successful releases and measurements  of
inert gases in the  U.S. and Canada.

     Establish  Deposition  Monitoring  Data Bases.  Efforts  were concentrated  in
three areas:[T5determining the accuracy and precision  of procedures  at existing
deposition monitoring sites;  (2) expanding  the number  of stations in the National
Trends Network;  and  (3)    evaluating techniques  for  estimating dry  deposition.

     Understand  and  Quantify  Aquatic Effects.   Efforts  in  1983 concentrated  on
the? development  of  historical data as well  as  the  production of a first approxima-
tion of an  alkalinity  map  of surface waters.  Efforts to develop an  understanding
of the effects  of   acid deposition  on aquatic biota were continued  and  data  from
calibrated watersheds was analyzed.

     Understand  and  Quantify  Terrestrial   Effects.  Studies  were  initiated  to
inventory forest stands and species while selecting sites  for a multi-year monitor-
ing program aimed at estimating the long-term effects of  acid deposition on natural
terrestrial ecosystems.   In addition,  studies  were initiated  to determine  which
staqe in the  forest Hfe  cycle was most  sensitive.  Agricultural  studies included
harvesting the first series  of crops  at a prototype site  and further examining the
problems associated with  extrapolation of laboratory and greenhouse data  to  field
situations.

     Understand  and  Quantify Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources.  Agency
efforts focused  on field  studies  of materials  deterioration  conducted  with  the
Bureau of Mines, and  on developing the  technology  of  static monitors  for measur-
ing gaseous deposition.  A  materials  inventory was initiated to  estimate  the  past
air oollution levels at selected materials exposure sites.

     Integrate  Research  Assessments  and Provide Information for Policy Analysis.
Mode" s for  estimating  the  relative significance  of anthropogenic versus  man-made
emissions  were  evaluated.   Cost/benefit   aspects  of  control  techniques  were
evaluated.  In  addition,  drafts  of  the Critical  Assessment  Review  Papers  were
completed and  distributed   for  public review  and technical  evaluation.   An  Acid
Deposition Assessment  staff  was  organized  to  develop   and  implement  research
assessment methods  and techniques.
4
                                       E-14
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HEALTH EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $2,203,900 supported by 8.0 total workyears for
this program, of  which  $549,200 is  for Salaries and Expenses and $1,654,700 is for
Research and Development.   This  reflects  a  decrease  of  $95,000  in  Salaries and
Expenses and $50,000  in Research and Development.  The  net  reduction reflects the
completion of  a  data  base  on  aquatic  toxicity  of  synfuel   related  pollutants.

     Develop Health and Environmental Risk Analyses in Support of EIS and Permit-
ting Activities.Tfieintegratedhealthan3environmentalriskanalysis  program
for synfuel industries provides a framework through which scientifically documented
risk data  can  be utilized in  making  regulatory and enforcement decisions  and for
determining the  degree to  which  pollution  abatement processes  and  devices are
required.  Risk  analysis  methodologies   for   evaluating  population  level  impacts
of synfuel  pollutants  on  health and  the  environment  are developed  and  upgraded
through the integration of exposure and effects assessments.

     During 1985, research will focus on gathering new data and reducing uncertain-
ties associated with  the  health and environmental effects  of critical  classes of
synfuel pollutants.  This  includes  refining  risk  analysis methodologies.  Specific
areas to be addressed are:  1)   the  refinement and application  of models for eval-
uating exposure pathways  in atmospheric,  terrestrial  and  aquatic media;   2)   the
evaluation of synfuel  pollutant uptake by  key organisms in the human  food chain;
and 3)   the evaluation of  human exposure  and effects data on  synfuel pollutants
to develop  dose/response   functions  for  cancer  and  reproductive  risk  analyses.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency Is allocating  a total  of $2,348,900 and 8.0  total workyears
to this program, of which $644,200 is under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,704,700 is for extramural purposes under the Research and Development appro-
priation.

     Develop  Health  and Environmental Risk Analyses.  The  initial   risk  analyses
have been peer  reviewed,  and  revised.Chemical compounds  associated with  synfuel
technologies have  been  categorized  and  grouped   Into 38  categories  of  chemical
classes called  Risk Analysis   Categories  (RACs).   Data  are being  generated and
evaluated in an effort to estimate the total exposure of humans and other organisms
to specific synfuel related RACs through atmospheric, aquatic and foodchain  routes.
Toxicological  data on health  and environmental effects are also being  assessed in
an effort  to  demonstrate  cause  and  effect  relationships.   The  program   is  also
applying previously developed   risk assessment methodologies to  various  pollutant
control technology processes and options to  evaluate  their relative efficacy and
merit.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated a  total  of $2,078,700 and 8.8  total  workyears
for this program, of which $493,900 was  under the  Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,584,800 was for extramural purposes  under the Research and Development
appropriation.
                                        E-15
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     Develop Health and Environmental Risk Analyses In Support of  EIS and Permit-
ting Activities.Chemicalcomponentsor  elementsassociated  withsynfueltech-
nologies were recategon'zed and grouped into 38 Risk Assessment Categories (RAC's).
Results of  risk analysis,  (conducted  for  a  representative  process for  indirect
liquefaction of  coal,  direct  liquefaction  of  coal,  and  oil   shale),  identified
data gaps and areas of  weaknesses  in risk  methodologies.  These  findings are being
used to prioritize research and data collection.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the  Agency  requests a total  of $11,934,600 supported  by  44.9 total
workyears for this program,  of which  $2,681,800  is  for  Salaries  and Expenses and
159,252,800 is for  Research and Development.   This reflects a decrease  of $59,000
and $332,500  respectively.   This  reduction reflects the de-emphasis of  synfuels
research based on the slower commercialization of this industry.

     Develop,  Evaluate  and  Demonstrate  Limestone  Injection Multi-Stage  Burner
(LIMB)  Control   Techno!ogyTExistingpulverizedcoal-firedutility and large
Industrial boilers are the major source of SOX and NOx emissions.  State-of-the-art
control technology  for  SOX  is expensive  and difficult  to  retrofit  for  existing
boilers.  Thus,  the LIMB technology  will be demonstrated  in  an attempt to acheive:
(.1)  substantial reductions  in SOX  and  NOX  emissions  at about 20-30  percent the
capital cost  of conventional  flue-gas desulfurlzation systems;  (2)   50-60 percent
SOX reduction from uncontrolled  sources, and  N0x-emission levels of 0.3 Ib/million
Btu for retrofitting  existing  boilers; and  (3)   70-90  percent  SOX  reduction from
uncontrolled sources, and N0x-emission levels  approaching  0.2 Ib/million Btu for
new boiler applications.

     Systematic development  and  demonstration  are  necessary  to  bring  the  LIMB
te:hnology to the  point  where  industry  is   willing  to commercially   accept 1t.
To accomplish this, the 1985 program  will  continue the  enhanced,  accelerated R&D
effort initiated in  1984 to develop information  on  the fundamentals of  sorbent-
reaction chemistry.   This 1s especially important if  SOx/NOx-remova1  performance
is to be  accurately  predicted,  and  the design  for the  EPA/industry co-funded LIMB
demonstration is to prove successful.

     Developmental  efforts for  wall-fired  and tangential boiler LIMB  designs will
continue at the  bench and pilot  scale  for a  wide range of U.S.  coals.  Emphasis
will be placed  on  scale-uo testing and process analysis  to  predict removal perfor-
mances and  to  solve  potential   operability and  reliability  problems.   Involvement
witT at least one  full-scale foreign field-evaluation  will  be initiated  to comple-
ment the  existing  LIMB  technical  data base for  inclusion  in a supplement  to the
LIMB generic engineering design-analysis manual.

     For the full-scale  wall-fired demonstration program:  funding will be completed,
the industrial  partner  will  be  selected,  site studies  will  be finished  and site
preparation will be  initiated.  The objective is to fix the  demonstration  design
by 1985.

     Characterize  and  Evaluate   Synfuel Discharges and  Control Technologies.  By
the end of  1985, the  Synthetic Fuels Corporation  (SFC)  will  have  committed  nearly
$15 billion  in   financial  assistance  agreements.   With  the  planned start  up and
operation of  several  synthetic fuel  plants,  the  Agency  will  continue  to provide
SFC, their  applicants,  EPA Regions  and  States engineering  support.  Consultation
with the  Agency on environmental  monitoring  by  the SFC  and their  applicants  is
required by the 1980  Energy Security  Act (P.L.  94-294,  Section  131(e)).   As SFC
sponsored plants  initiate operations,  emphasis  will  be on  data  reporting, data
management and  data  interpretation  from active  monitoring  plans.   Data  evaluation
will provide  the  basis  for  measuring  the  environmental  impacts  of  the  plants
                                        E-16
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and determining the adeouacy  of controls for environmentally  sound  replication  of
future plants.

     Field testing will  be conducted at synfuel  facilities  utilizing  the Agency's
mobile air and waste water  pollution  control systems.  Multimedia control technology
reports will  be initiated  on  evaluation  of controls  for  oil   shale  facilities.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $12,326,100  and 44.9  total
workyears to this program,  of which  $2,740,800 is  under the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $9,585,300  is  for extramural  purposes  under  the Research  and
Development appropriation.

     Develop,  Evaluate  and  Demonstrate  LIMB  Control   Technology.   Fundamental
studies will continue  to develop and  improve  the basic understanding of  the chemical
kinetics of  sot-bent and coal  reactions  during  the  combustion process.   Refinement
and expansion  of this  information through additional  research will be continued.

     Efforts continue  on research to determine and  circumvent problems associated
with flyash/sorbent interactions which have been shown to decrease sorbent utiliza-
tion for certain bituminous coals.  Also, evaluation of superactive  sorbents will
be continued; they offer promise of higher S02 removal efficiencies than is achiev-
able with conventional  sorbents.

     The evaluation of hardware and the assessment of process variables to identify
specific prototype testing  necessary for establishing scaleup parameters and opera-
tional side effects will be continued.  Pilot-scale evaluation of improved sorbent-
injection techniques to guide  prototype  work  for  enhancing the  performance  of
LIMB in difficult retrofit cases also continues.   Developing  an  innovative system
capable of 90+  percent  SOX/NOX  removal  (and  to  extend LIMB technology  to  oil-fired
and industrial-size coal boilers) is planned.

     ORD will  continue to  conduct prototype  burner-testing in experimental  facili-
ties to provide the basis for transferring commercial scale development information
into design  criteria   for  practical   hardware.  ORD  will  initiate the full-scale
field evaluation of  the Steinmuller 700MW  boiler  (with  lime  injection)  at  the
Weiher III power plant in Saarbrucken, West Germany.  Completion of a formal agree-
ment for cooperation with  the Electric  Power Research Institute  (EPRI) is  antici-
pated.

     Research continues  on the development of  a  manual  of  design  and engineering
criteria for applying LIMB  technology to existing  wall and  tangentially  fired field-
utility boilers and for developing effective new boilers/burners for integrated SOX/
NOX clean-up.  Emphasis  is  on  the identification  and  analysis  of  potential  problem
areas. In addition, research  continues  to pursue the contractual  and  engineering-
selection mechanisms that  are associated with  the initiation of  the co-funded EPA/
industry demonstration  program.

     Characterize  and   Evaluate  Synfuel  Discharges and Control  Technologies.  In
1984, the SFC  plans  to  commit  51U.3 billion In  financial assistance  for  various
coal, oil  shale and other  synfuel facilities.  As  the SFC continues  to make deci-
sions on their  applicants'   synfuel  plant proposals, there will be  additional  need
for Regional  and  State  engineering  support.   Reviews  of  SFC reouired monitoring
plans are  expected  to  triple  compared  to 1983.  Options  for SFC  monitoring data
management/reporting will be prepared as  a supplement to the EPA Monitoring Reference
Manual.  In  addition,   Agency participation  will  be initiated  in  SFC  required
Monitoring Review Committees.
                                        E-17
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     Studies will be  completed  on synfuel  combustion and  cooling  tower emissions.
Research continues  on  identifying  hazardous  fugitive  emissions  and  analysis  of
sulfur control processes.  Research  will  be completed  on  raw and  spent  oil  shale
leaching characteristics.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$147,200 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$147,200) Several  reprogrammings were made to  this activi-
ty which"  were not  reportable under  the  Congressional   reprogramming  limitations.
These changes resulted  in  a  net  decrease  of -$147,200 to the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

.1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $10,986,500  and 58.8 total  workyears
to this program, of which $3,406,400 was under the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $7,580,100 was  for  extramural  purposes  under the  Research and Development
expropriation.

     Develop, Evaluate and Demonstrate LIMB Control Technology.  In the fundamental
research program, studies of  rich-phase sulfation and limestone-calcination kinetics
were completed.  A process for producing a usable superactive sorbent was discover-
ed.  A previously unknown  sorbent-deactivation mechanism associated with  sorbent-
flyash interactions in  the furnace flame zone  was also discovered.  Based  on the
fundamental research program  and  pilot-scale experimentation, preliminary mathema-
tical models  for LIMB process simulation were  developed.   A commercially available
prototype low-NOx burner forH.IMB was  tested; evaluation of the results  is currently
uaderway.  Tentative arrangements were  initiated  for  a  formal  liaison  with EPRI to
CDOperate in all  aspects  of LIMB research, development and demonstration activities.

     Characterize and Evaluate Synfuel Discharges and Control Technologies. Region-
a"  and State engineering support  included review of twenty-four draft SFC monitoring
outlines, Toxic Substances Control  Act  Premanufacture Notifications, EPA  and state
permit applications, and Environmental  Impact  Statements.   Pollution Control Tech-
nical.Manuals  were  published on  key synfuel  processes and  environmental  control
technologies.  The  Environmental  Monitoring  Reference  Manual  for Synthetic  Fuel
Facilities was published.

     Several field  characterization  studies on  synfuel  plants were completed.   A
synfuel/petroleum combustion emission testing  protocol  for  boilers was developed.
Physical  solvent testing for an  acid gas removal  system  on  a variety of coal types
was completed at the  Agency's coal  gasification  facility  at North Carolina  State
University.  A report  was  completed  on the characterization  of spent  shale  from
the Geokinetics In-Situ oil shale retort.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1985 Program Reouest

     The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1985.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating  $400,000,  all  for extramural purposes under
the Research and Development appropriation.
                                        E-18
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     Evaluate  Impacts  of  Energy Development In Cold Climates.   The cold  climate
program focuses on resource development issues which include  the  impacts  of oil  and
gas development, the environmental effects of placer  mining, and  the evaluation  of
asbestos contamination of  drinking  waters.   A review of toxicology and  fate  data
of hydrocarbons in oil polluted waters  will  be used to identify  the transformation
and accumulation of hydrocarbons  in  marine waters in order to assess the  adequacy
of current processing procedures  for oil  contaminated waste waters  and  the conse-
quences of increases in petroleum discharges.  Research  on tundra  wetlands is  also
being conducted  to  characterize  sensitive  and   biologically  important  organisms
which are increasingly being  influenced by oil and gas  development.  Results  from
this evaluation will be used  to provide guidance  on permissible levels  of disturb-
ances associated with oil  and gas  exploration and extraction.

     The use of  placer mining in  the extraction  of gold is increasing  in  Alaska.
This procedure,  which  involves the  dredging and  washing  of materials  associated
with aquatic ecosystems,  causes  an  increase  in   suspended particles in the water
column which may adversely  effect aquatic  biota.  To  evaluate  the magnitude  of
this problem, field  studies are being initiated to determine the effects of increased
turbidity from placer mining operations.   Results  of the studies will  be  used by the
State of Alaska and  Region X in permitting actions.

     The association  of  asbestos  contamination  of  drinking  waters  in  certain
Alaskan communities  with  liver cancer  will   be  explored through  the  sampling  of
water supplies.  Data will  be provided to  the State of Alaska  so  that the State can
begin more detailed  health effects studies if necessary,  and  also  alert  individuals
living along the areas of contamination.

1984 Explanation of  Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$119,000 results from the following  action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$119,000)  A  reprogramming  was made to this  activity which
was not reportable under the  Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in ,j  net increase  of +$119,000 to the Research  and  Development  appropria-
tion.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $581,000 for  this program, all  of
which was for extramural  purposes  under the Research and  Development appropriation.

     Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates.  Research,  which  has
focused oncarbon monoxide  (CO)emissions  from  mobilesources   in  non-attainment
areas of Alaska, has been  completed.  This research,  conducted  with the  State  of
Alaska and EPA's Region X, has included the evaluation of vehicle  inspection facil-
ities, and automotive maintenance  and  retrofitting procedures  for use in  control-
ling CO pollution.   The 1983 program also involved the completion  of an  assessment
of environmental  research  priorities which covers research  topics  involving  air,
water, and solid waste pollution  associated with  cold climate  regions.
                                         E-19
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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT                                                          MS-1

    PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
       Program Managment	    MS-8
          Program Management - Ai r X Radiation	    MS-12
          Program Management - Water	    MS-13
          Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring	    MS-13
          Program Management - External  Affairs	    MS-14
          Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	    MS-15
          Program Management - General  Counsel	."	    MS-15
          Program Management - Research & Development	    MS-16
          Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response	    MS-17
   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
       Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices	    MS-19
          Immediate Office of the Administrator	    MS-24
          Office of Regional  Operations	    MS-25
          Office of Management Services	    MS-25
          Office of Executive Secretariat	    MS-26
          Regulatory Information Service Center	    MS-26
          Administrator's Representation Fund	    MS-27
          Office of International Activities	    MS-27
          Office of Civil  Rights	    MS-28
          Science Advisory Board	    MS-29
          Office of Administrative Law Judges	    MS-30
          Office of Small  & Oisadvantaged Business Utilization	    MS-31
       Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation	    MS-32
          Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation	    MS-35
          Integrated Environmental Management Program	    MS-36
          Office of Policy Analysis	    MS-37
          Office of Standards and Regulations	    MS-38
          Office of Management Systems & Evaluation	    MS-39
       Office of General Counsel	    MS-41
          General Counsel	    MS-42
       Office of External  Affairs	    MS-44
          Office of Legislative Analysis	    MS-48
          Office of Congressional Liaison	    MS-49
          Office of Public Affairs	    MS-50
          Office of Intergovernmental  Liaison	    MS-50
          Office of Federal  Activities	,	    MS-51
      Office of Inspector General	    MS-53
      Office of Administration and Resources Management	    MS-56
          Program Management - Administration	    MS-61
          Financial  Management - Headquarters....	    MS-62
          Office of the Comptroller	    MS-63
          Contracts & Grants Management	    MS-63
          Personnel  & Organization Services	    MS-65
          Facilities & Management Services	    MS-66
          Information Systems & Services	    MS-67
                                        MS-1
-------
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (cont.)                                                   PAGE

   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
      Regl onal  Management	     MS-69
          Resource Management - Regions	     MS-72
          Financial  Management - Regions	     MS-73
          Personnel  Management - Regions	     MS-74
          Administrative Management - Regions	     MS-75
          Regional Management	     MS-76
          Regi onal Counsel	     MS-77
          Planning,  Evaluation & Analysis - Regions	     MS-78
   SUPPORT COSTS
      Support Costs	     MS-80
          Professional  Traini ng	     MS-82
          Nationwide Support Services	     MS-83
          Headquarters Support Services	     MS-84
          Regional Support Services	     MS-84
          Automated  Data Processing Support Costs	     MS-85
          Lab Support - Research & Development	     MS-86
          Lab Support - Ai r & Radiation	     MS-86
          Lab Support - Pesticides X Toxic Substances	     MS-87
                                        MS-2
-------



































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                             MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     Management and  Support  contains the  staff  and  management  activities  to pro-
vide executive  direction  to all  Agency  programs  as well  as  those  Agencywide
administrative and  support  services  which  cannot  be  assigned  to a  specific pro-
grammatic activity.

     We will continue  our efforts to  implement Reform 88 and  reduce  duplicative
functions, provide  consistent  Agency  legal  activities,   promote technically  and
economically defensible  regulatory  and   policy  alternatives,  ensure  strong  and
coherent internal  management control  and  fiscal  integrity,  enhance the  defining
of results-oriented  environmental goals,  and  pursue  the measure of Agency perform-
ance according to environmental  results.

     The major  components  of this  medium  are  Program Management, Agency  Manage-
ment, Regional  Management, and Support Costs.

     Program Management includes policy development,  program development  and over-
sight, and  the associated  management  activities  for  the Agency's  environmental
program offices.  These  include  the  Offices of Air  and Radiation;  Water;  Enforce-
ment and Compliance  Monitoring;  External  Affairs;  Pesticides  and Toxic  Substances;
General Counsel; Research  and Development;  and  Solid Waste and  Emergency Response.

     Agency Management includes  Agencywide  management  functions and policy  activi-
ties.

     Policy Direction, through  the  Executive  offices,   in  headquarters  consists
of the Administrator and  Deputy Administrator,  their  immediate  staffs,  as  well  as
the Offices  of  Regional   Operations,  Management  Services, the Executive  Secre-
tariate,  Regulatory  Information,    International  Activities,   Civil  Rights,  the
Science Advisory Board, the  Administrative  Law Judges, and Small and Disadvantaged
Business Utilization.

     Policy, Planning and  Evaluation is  organized into four components:  the Inte-
yrated Environmental Management Program  (formerly  named  the  Program  Integration
Project), Policy Analysis,  Standards and  Regulations, and Management  Systems  and
Evaluation.

     Legal services  for litigation in  which the  Agency is a defendant are provided
to Agency programs by the General Counsel in headquarters  and by a Regional  Counsel
in each Regional office.   The Office of  General Counsel  (OGC)  provides legal ser-
vices and  advice  to the  Administrator and Agency managers.   OGC,  in  cooperation
with the  Department  of  Justice,  represents  the  Agency  in all  legal  matters  in
which the  Agency  is a  defendant.   Additionally,  OGC  reviews  proposed  actions,
decisions, and regulations to assure that they are legally defensible.

     External Affairs  activities  are  consolidated  into  five offices:  Legislative
Analysis, Congressional  Liaison,  Public   Affairs,   Intergovernmental  Affairs  and
Federal Activities.

     Inspector General  activities include investigation and audit of Agency  activi-
ties to promote  economy,  efficiency,  and  effectiveness  and to prevent and detect
fraud, waste, and abuse.

     The Office  of  Administration  and Resources  Management  (OARM)  provides man-
agement activities  in  headquarters  as  well as administrative services  to all pro-
gram operations located  in Cincinnati  and  Research  Triangle  Park, N.C.  The OARM
has several  components:   Financial  Management,  Comptroller, Personnel  and  Organi-
zation, Contracts  and  Grants,   Facilities  and  Management  Services,  as  well  as
Information Systems  and Services.
                                        MS-4
-------
     Regional Management includes  the  centralized  management   and  administrative
functions performed in each Regional  office.   Regional  elements cover the Regional
and Deputy Regional Administrators, their  immediate  staffs,  and Regional  staff for
public affairs,  congressional and  intergovernmental  relations,  and  civil  rights.
Other activities  include  budget  development and execution, preparation of Regional
operating plans,  legal  services, program planning, regulatory and policy analysis,
economic analysis, program  evaluation,  financial  and  personnel management, infor-
mation management, and administrative  services.

     Support Costs includes the  costs  of basic and general  services for all Agency
programs.  In this diverse category are:

     0  Office  and  building  services,  such as library  services, commercial  tele-
        phone use,  electronic mail,  utilities,  guards,  and  custodial  and  main-
        tenance services  for programs  located at headquarters,  Research Triangle
        Park, and Cincinnati;

     0  Nationwide  costs,  such  as facility  rental  costs,  ADP  technical  support,
        centralized data  processing,   professional  training,  U.S. Postal  Service
        charges, Federal  Telecommunications   System,  unemployment  and  workman's
        compensation, and security  clearances for all  Agency programs  in all loca-
        tions;

     0  Office and building  services for  laboratories  and field stations operated
        by the  Offices  of  Air,   Noise,  and  Radiation;  Research  and  Development;
        and Pesticides and Toxic Substances; and

     0  Common services  in  Regional  offices,  such as  supplies  and equipment, com-
        mercial telephones,  printing,   facilities  operations   and   maintenance,
        library services, and mini-computer operations.

Program Priorities

     Priorities for the Executive  Office in 1985  will  continue to include improved
relations with  States and  local  governments  to  facilitate program  delegation  as
well as other  integrated  approaches to  environmental  regulation;  greater scienti-
fic credibility  in  regulatory  decision-making through  the  increased  emphasis  on
reviews by the Science  Advisory  Board,  and improved coordination among major out-
reach staff offices to  ensure that  EPA's external activities reflect the interests
and policies of the Administrator.

     Policy, Planning and  Evaluation will  target resources to three  major areas:
managing for   environmental   results;   developing  and    demonstrating  integrated
environmental  management strategies;  and developing improved methods  to ascertain
economic benefits of  EPA's  regulations.   The common  purpose  of  these  efforts  is
the development  of  regulatory  approaches  that  achieve  environmental and  health
benefits in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

     The Office  of  General   Counsel  will  continue to  direct  efforts to  assure
consistent legal  decisions and positions througnout the Agency.

     The activities  of  the  newly organized  Office of External Affairs  will  focus
on improving  the  public  perception  of EPA;  increasing  Agency  effectiveness  by
improving congressional  liaison;  establishing  outreach  programs, public  interest
groups and  citizen  participation;  reaffirming and  strengthening  Federal  Agencies
contacts;  and  providing  a   cross-media perspective  in   review   of  environmental
problems.

     The Inspector General will  move toward  building a more  complete,  balanced and
comprehensive program where  it   can  fulfill  the  mandate  of the  Inspector  General
Act of 1978.  The IG will continue to  direct  resources  to  recover questioned  costs
in the wastewater treatment  construction grant program.   It will  continue  to con-
duct investigations  of  fraud  against  the  government,  perform  audits  of EPA  con-
                                      MS-5
-------
tracts and  grants,  support  Agency suspension and debarment activities, and develop
a proactive  fraud  prevention  program.  The IG will  direct  additional  resources to
antitrust activities  and  internal and  management audits  of  Agency  operations to
identify weaknesses  in  EPA  programs  which  provide  the  opportunity for  fraud,
'Waste, and abuse to occur.

     Overall priorities for the  Office of  Administration and Resources Management
for fiscal  year 1985  are improving  fiscal integrity  at headquarters and  in the
Regions by  strengthening  our finance,  grants, and  contracts  operations;  improving
our automated  services in  conjunction with  the need  to  operate  a  new in-house
payroll operation; and integration of major administrative systems.

     In the  Regional  management  areas,  resources provide  services  consistent with
Regional program workforce  levels.   With  our continuing  commitment  to strengthen
Regional environmental  programs,  we  have maintained   strong  Regional  planning,
resources planning and analysis, and management efforts.

     Several programs  will  be emphasized  in  the  Support area.  The  National  Com-
puter Center will  complete the  modernization  of EPA's  mainframe  computers, tele-
communications network,  and  interactive  software  required  to  make  central  data
bases accessible  and  useful  to   national,  Regional,  and State program  managers.
The Agency  believes  that  with centralized budgeting and management we will improve
our service  capacity and modernize  our computer facilities  more  efficiently.  In
Support, we  expect  local  telecommunications and utilities  costs to grow consider-
ably.  The  Support  program  will  also  provide the  additional  space  requirements
accompanying the growing Agency.
                                       MS-6
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

    PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
       Program Managment	
          Program Management
          Program Management
          Program Management
          Program Management
          Program Management
          Program Management
          Program Management
          Program Management
Ai r & Radiation	
Water	
Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring.
External  Affai rs	
Pesticides & Toxic Substances	
General  Counsel	
Research & Development	
Solid Waste & Emergency Response....
                                                                              PAGE
                                               MS-1
MS-8
MS-12
MS-13
MS-13
MS-14
MS-15
MS-15
MS-16
MS-17
                                       MS-7
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-------
                              MANAGEMENT  AND  SUPPORT


                                Program Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of $14,379,300 supported by 272.1 total workyears
for this subactivity, all  of which  will  be  for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion, an increase of $742,000 and a decrease  of 2.0 workyears.

Program Description

     The Program Management  component  provides resources  generally  for Assistant
Administrators, Office Directors and  their  immediate  staffs  for eight  of EPA's
major offices:  Air  and  Radiation; Water; Enforcement  and Compliance Monitoring;
External Affairs;  Pesticides  and Toxics;  General  Counsel;  Research  and Develop-
ment; and Solid  Waste and Emergency Response.  Resources  provide for formulation
of overall  management and programmatic  policy,  and  centralized planning and  budget-
ing.  Activities also include the coordination  and  integration of  programs through-
out the Agency  as  well  as  performing  liaison  activities  with Congress,  OMB and
other Federal  Agencies and States.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR  AND RADIATION

1 985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $2,245,100 supported  by 46.8 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of  which  is for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of  $105,600  from 1984  to fund  increased  personnel
and support  costs and no  change in  workyears.   Major  program  emphases will continue
to be  implementation  of  the Clean  Air  Act Amendments  of  1977,  the Atomic Energy
Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings  Radiation  Control  Act, and development  of major
decisions related to these  acts.   In 1985, key activities  include:  effective and
efficient general  management,  strategic planning,  and administrative  and  budget
support.


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency is  allocating $2,139,500  and 46.8 total  workyears for
this program,  all  of  which  is for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This
program is  providing management  support  for the Clean  Air  Act,  Atomic Energy Act,
and Uranium Mill Tailings Control  Act.   Key  activities include:   executive  manage-
ment direction,  program  planning  and  analysis,  resource  management,  and  budget
development.  Administrative  support  to  OAR  programs  is  also   being  provided.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$23,500 results from  the  following  action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$23,500)  A  reprogramming  was made to  this activity which
was not rpportable  under the  Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This change
resulted in a net  decrease  of -$23,500  to  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated $2,226,400  for this program,  all  of  which was
for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation,  and  41.9 total workyears.  The pro-
gram provided  executive  management, strategic planning and analysis,  and  budget
and administrative support to OAR programs.
                                       MS-12
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - WATER

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $2,798,500  for  the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation
supported by 47.6 total workyears,  which  is  an  increase of $408,600 and no  change
in workyears.  The increase provides  for  additional personnel and support  costs  as
well as  $100,000  for program  analysis  and evaluation  studies  to improve overall
management of  the  water  quality  and drinking  water programs.   The 1985 request
supports national  management;  supervision of the Office  of Water  organizations;
management of  the  Office  of  Water operating guidance  and accountability system;
development of  program plans  and  budget for  implementation  of  Agency  policies
and programs; tracking of  budget  execution;  administrative  management; analysis  of
policy issues;  and  monitoring of  program performance from  both  a  scientific and
programmatic perspective.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating $2,389,900, all  of which  is for the  Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation and  47.6 total  workyears.   The Agency  continues  to
focus on the  reauthorization  process  for  the Clean Water Act and the  accompanying
process of strategies development  to implement amendments.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$21,500 results  from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$21,500) A  reprogramming was made  to this  activity  which
was not reportable under the  Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in a  net decrease  of  -$21,500  to the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated $2,573,600   and  46.4 total  workyears,  all  of
which was for Salaries and  Expenses.   These resources provided for  executive manage-
ment, policy  planning  and  analysis,  and  budget  and  administrative  support for
programs within the Office  of  Water.  Work also  continued on the reauthorization  of
the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE  MONITORING

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  $382,800  supported  by  9.0 total  workyears  for this  pro-
gram, all  of which is  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation and  no change  in
workyears.  This  represents  an increase  of  $16,900, due  to additional  personnel
and support costs.

     The request will  provide  the Office  of  Enforcement and  Compliance Monitoring
with executive management as well  as program  planning,  management  analysis, budget-
ing, financial   management,  personnel  operations,  and  administrative support  ser-
vices.  Consistent with the Agency's emphasis on establishing a  coherent crossmedia
approach to enforcement and  compliance, the  program will stress consolidation and
integration to  enable the Assistant Administrator to  coordinate the  Agency's  legal
enforcement functions and  manage  the legal  enforcement  resources  of the Agency.


1984 Program

     In 1984 the Agency  is  allocating a total  of $365,900 and  9.0 total  workyears
to this program,  all   of  which is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
                                       MS-13
-------
     This program provides executive  management  as well as  program  planning, man-
agement analysis, budgeting,  personnel   operations,  and fiscal  and  administrative
management to the Office  of  Enforcement and Compliance  Monitoring.   Better fiscal
and personnel management  procedures  are being instituted to  manage  resources more
effectively in the Office of  Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$15,900 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$15,900) A  reprogramming was  made  to this  activity which
was not reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$15,900  to the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.


1983 Accompl i shtnents

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $298,800 and 7.3 total  workyears  for this pro-
gram, all of which  was  for Salaries  and  Expenses.   Reorganization of the Agency's
enforcement efforts  moved  this program  from  the Office  of Legal and  Enforcement
Counsel to the new Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.

     Activities  focused  on providing executive  management,  planning,  analytical
support, budgeting,  financial  management,  personnel  operations,  and  administrative
services to the  Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency   requests  a total  of $539,500  supported by 13.2 total  workyears
for this  office,  all  of which  is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents  a decrease of $14,200 and  no-  change  in workyears from 1984 levels.
The decrease  reflects  lower  personnel  and support  costs.   In  1985,  this  office
will require these resources  to continue the full coordination of the staff offices
within External  Affairs;  to provide the  necessary  oversight, management, planning,
and support services to  these staff offices;  and to support the Administrator and
Assistant Administrators  in  representing  and  communicating the  Agency's programs
and policies to  the Congress,  the  public, other governmental  entities,  and the
media.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is   allocating  $553,700 and 13.2 total  workyears  to this
office, all  of  which is  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   Major em-
phasis will be  placed  on  instituting strategies  and  procedures which  enable the
Agency to  communicate  better  with  outside  groups involved  with and  affected by
EPA decisions.


1984 Explanation of  Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$440,600 results from the following action:

     -Reorganization.  (-$440,600)   A Congressionally  approved  reorganization  to
create the  Office  of  External Affairs  (OEA)  transferred  resources from  the Im-
mediate Office of External Affairs  to the Office of Public Affairs  to reflect the
transfer of the  Audiovisual Division  to that organization.
                                      MS-14
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $470,800 and 12.1 total workyears,
all of which  was  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  for the components
which were organized into the Program Management  program element.   These components
provided the management,  resource, and administrative support necessary  to establish
the newly created Office of External  Affairs.

     In late  1983, the  Offices  of  Congressional  Liaison  (formerly  the Congres-
sional  Liaison  Division  of  the  Office   of Legislation),  Legislative  Analysis
(formerly the Legislative Division  of the Office of Legislation), Public Affairs,
Intergovernmental Liaison, and Federal Activities were consolidated to create the
Office of External  Affairs  to provide  a  better  managed  and coordinated approach
to the Agency's external  activities.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC  SUBSTANCES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $2,557,300  supported  by  55.3 total  workyears  for this
program,  all   of  which  is for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation, represent-
ing increases of $114,800 and 1.0 workyear. The increases will  be  used for  general
administration and oversight.  These  resources will provide for senior level  manage-
ment of the pesticides and  toxic substances program as  well as  for the Immediate
Office of the  Assistant  Administrator for  Pesticides  and  Toxic  Substances.  Key
activities include:  effective and  efficient general  management,  strategic plan-
ning, and administrative and budget  support.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating $2,442,500 and  54.3 permanent workyears for
this program, all  of  which is for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  This
program is providing management  support  for the  Toxic Substances  Control  Act and
the Federal  Insecticide,  Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the  Amendment

     The net decrease of -$22,300 results  from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$22,300)  A  reprogramming  was  made  to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in  a net  decrease  of  -$22,300 to the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $2,168,100 and  45.3 total  workyears  for this
program,  all   of  which  was for the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.  The pro-
gram provided executive  management,   strategic  planning and analysis,  and   budget
support to the Office of Pesticides  and Toxic Substances  programs.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - GENERAL COUNSEL

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $446,500 supported by 10.5 total workyears for
this program,  all  of  which  is for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  This
represents an increase  of  $28,200 due primarily to additional personnel and  operat-
ing support  and  no change  in workyears.   The  request  will  provide  for executive
management,  planning,   budgeting,  financial  management,  management  analysis,  and
administrative support  services  for the Office of  General Counsel.
                                       MS-15
-------
1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  a  total  of $418,300  and  10.5 total work-
years to this program,  all  of which  is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropria-
tion.  The program provides  for  executive  management,  planning,  budgeting,  finan-
cial management, management analysis, and administrative support  for the Office of
General Counsel.  A  reorganization  abolished the Office  of  Legal  and Enforcement
Counsel (OLEC).   Program Management  resources  presented here  were moved from OLEC
to the Office of General Counsel.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     The net increase of +$15,900 results from  the following action:

     -Reprogramming.   (+$15,900)  A  reprogramming  was  made to this  activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in a net increase  of  +$15,900 to  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of $310,800 and 7.7 total  workyears for
this program, all of  which was for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.   Activi-
ties focused  on  providing executive  management,  planning,   analytical   support,
budgeting, financial  management,  and administrative  services to the General  Counsel
component of the Office of Legal  and Enforcement Counsel.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT -  RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency   requests  a  total  of $3,733,200 supported  by  57.7 total  workyears
for this  program,  all   of  which  is  for  the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
This represents  a decrease  of  $97,100  and  3.0  workyears from  1984.  The decreases
are made  possible  due  to  management   streamlining   and  improved  efficiencies.

     In 1985, ORD's  Program Management  activities will  provide overall  direction,
central management services, scientific  and technical policy guidance,  and  adminis-
trative support  to the research programs  conducted at Headquarters in  14 laborato-
ries and  in  various   field sites.   These  activities  encompass:  the  coordination
of the  research  program planning and budgeting  cycles,  including the development
of research strategies and program plans; the monitoring of operating year  resource
utilization; the  provision  of  on  site  coordination  of  research  activities  and
administrative and support  services  required  by  the  co-located  laboratories  in
Cincinnati, Ohio, and  Research Triangle Park,  North  Carolina; the performance of
liaison activities,  enabling  ORD to  respond to   regional  needs  and  to  work with
Congress, OMB, and other  Federal  agencies;  the operation  and  enhancement  of ORD's
Information Systems  to  support  research  program  planning  and  accountability  to
management; and  the performance of all other activities (e.g., facilities  planning
and management,   management  studies)  required  for  the smooth operation  of ORD.

1984 Program

      In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,830,300 and 60.7 total work-
years for this program, all  of which  is for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
The activities provided for by these resources will  on a continuing basis provide
overall direction and support  to  ORD's  programs  to insure the coordination  of re-
search efforts,   the  efficient  utilization  of  resources,  and  the  satisfaction of
the needs identified  by the program and  regional  offices.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$19,000 results from  the following action:

     -Reprogramming.   (-$19,000)  A  reprogramming  was  made to this  activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This  change
resulted in a net  decrease  of  -$19,000 to  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.

                                       MS-16
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $3,866,000 and 61.5 total workyears,
all of  which was  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   These  resources
provided for  overall  direction,  central  management  services,  policy  guidance,
liaison activities,  ORD's  Information  Systems,  and  general  administrative  and
budget support.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $1,676,400  supported  by 32.0  total  workyears  for this
program, all of  which  is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,  representing
an increase  of  $179,200  for personnel and  operating  costs  and no  change in work-
years.  The  increase  reflects  increases  in  personnel  and  support  costs.  These
resources will   allow the Agency  to staff  and  operate a  complete  management team
within the  Office  of  Solid  Waste  and Emergency Response (OSWER).   Policy  recom-
mendations and proposed regulations will be thoroughly  reviewed  for conformity to
law, executive orders, and  the  Administrator's guidance.  Effective integration of
hazardous waste  and  Superfund  activities will occur  on  a continuous basis.  Dead-
lines for  producing guidance  and  regulations  and   for  meeting  other milestones
established by  Congress,  OMB,  or  the  Administrator  will   be  met.   Planning  and
program evaluation  will  contribute to  increased productivity  and  the redirection
of resources and effort  toward  priority  projects.  OSWER budget  requests  will  be
developed and justified to the Administrator, OMB, and Congress.  Financial manage-
ment activities  will  be  in  accordance  with  established policies  and procedures.
Congressional and  other  executive  correspondence  will   be  answered  promptly  and
responsively.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating $1,497,200 and 32.0 total  workyears to this
program, all of  which  is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   Expected
accomplishments include implementation of an overall OSWER management plan, includ-
ing measures of succes,  milestones, and  performance  reviews;  management  of  the
review of  policy recommendations  and proposed   regulations;  integration  of both
program and  enforcement hazardous  waste  and  Superfund  activities;  preparation  and
justification of OSWER budgets  and oversight of  resource allocation and  financial
management; and  development  of  an  OSWER  accountability  system.   Additional  re-
sources for  Superfund  program management  are included  in  the Hazardous  Site  and
Spill Response program element.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$20,700 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$20,700)  A  reprogramming was  made to this  activity which
was not reportable  under  the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This change
resulted in  a net decrease  of  -$20,700  to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $1,024,400  and  23.8  total  workyears,  all  of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  During 1983, changes in the
top management  of  OSWER  led to the rebuilding  of the office.  Major emphasis  was
originally placed on those  activities which  accompany the  reestablishment  of  the
office:   restaffing, defining goals and  objectives,  and  determining responsibili-
ties.  Once  these   activities  were  underway,  emphasis  was  placed on  restoring
public confidence in the  Agency  by managing  and  overseeing  an  aggressive program
to regulate  hazardous  waste  and to  remedy  the problems  caused  by  uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites.
                                      MS-17
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT                                                          MS-1

   AGENCY MANAGEMENT
       Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices	    MS-19
          Immediate Office of the Administrator	    MS-24
          Office of Regional  Operations	    MS-25
          Office of Management Services	    MS-25
          Office of Executive Secretariat	,	    MS-26
          Regulatory Information Service Center	    MS-26
          Administrator's Representation Fund.	    MS-27
          Office of International  Activities	    MS-27
          Office of Civil Rights	    MS-28
          Science Advisory Board	    MS-29
          Office of Administrative Law Judges	    MS-30
          Office of Small & Oisadvantaged Business Utilization	    MS-31
       Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation	    MS-32
          Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation	    MS-35
          Integrated Environmental  Management Program	    MS-36
          Office of Policy Analysis	    MS-37
          Office of Standards and Regulations	    MS-38
          Office of Management Systems & Evaluation	    MS-39
       Office of General Counsel	    MS-41
          General Counsel	    MS-42
       Office of External Affairs	    MS-44
          Office of Legislative Analysis	    MS-48
          Office of Congressional  Liaison	    MS-49
          Office of Public Affairs	    MS-50
          Office of Intergovernmental  Liaison	    MS-50
          Office of Federal  Activities	    MS-51
      Office of Inspector General	    MS-53
      Office of Administration and Resources Management	    MS-56
          Program Management  - Administration	    MS-61
          Financial  Management - Headquarters	    MS-62
          Office of the Comptroller	    MS-63
          Contracts & Grants Management	    MS-63
          Personnel  & Organization Services	    MS-65
          Facilities & Management Services	    MS-66
          Information Systems & Services	    MS-67
                                      MS-18
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                             MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                               Agency Management


                     Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
    The Agency requests a total of $7,997,700  for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation supported by 153.3 total  workyears  for the  Office of the Administrator in
1985.  This is an  increase  of $553,700 for  personnel  costs and a decrease  of  3.0
workyears from 1984  for the  completion  of  the Deputy Administrator's task  force
that worked on  Agency policy  and  management review.   The resources will  support
stronger executive management in the form of firmer policy guidance,  more effective
communications with  the  Regions,  and  better  quality  scientific advice for  the
entire Agency.

Program Description

    These resources  include  the salaries  and  associated  costs for the  Immediate
Office of  the  Administrator and the  staff  offices  which  report  directly  to  the
Administrator.  The  Administrator  and  Deputy Administrator  are  responsible  for
providing policy  and  direction to   the  Agency  and  ensuring  implementation   of
their policies; the  staff  offices  provide crosscutting Agency  Guidance  for  scien-
tific review of regulations  and research,  international environmental  initiatives,
as well  as civil  rights, administrative law  hearings,  and  regional communications.

    Immediate Office of the Administrator ~ This Office  includes: the  Administra-
tor and Deputy  Administrator,  special  assistants  to  the Administrator  and  Deputy
Administrator in the  various program  areas  ,  a  Judicial  Officer  and  assistant,
speech writer, clerical  support  staff, and messengers.

    Office of Regional Operations ~  This  Office  provides  Headquarters  with  a
stronger and more effective  link  to each of  the  ten  regional offices.   This  link
ensures that  the Administrator's   policies  are  effectively  communicated  to  the
Regional Administrators, includes the  Regions  in  the  policy-making  process,  alerts
the Administrator to any potential  regional problems  and  concerns,  and assists him
in managing significant  regional  issues.

    Office of Management Services — This Office  provides  centralized  budget plan-
ning "andimplementation,resource  management,  personnel,  computer planning,  and
administrative support services  to the Administrator and staff offices.

    Office of Executive  Secretariat —  This  Office  is  responsible for  handling,
processing, and tracking allof  the Administrator's  correspondence, Deputy  Admin-
istrator's correspondence, Congressional correspondence, and Freedom of Information
(FOI) correspondence.

    Regulatory Information Service Center ~ The Center  is  responsible for  tabula-
ting and compiling information provided by  other  Federal  agencies  concerning their
regulatory efforts.

    Administrator's  Representation Fund — The  Fund  is  used  for   official  recep-
tions, meetings, and  affairs hosted  primarily  by  the  Administrator  for domestic
and foreign officials.

    Office of International  Activities ~ This Office  provides guidance and  manage-
ment for the  Agency's international  activities  and programs  with  Western European
countries, Japan, and the Agency's  Scientific  Activities  Overseas  (SAO) Program.
In addition,  the Office manages  agreements with  Canada and Mexico  on cross-boun-
dary environmental   issues  and  oversees  Agency  involvement  in  the activities  of
international organizations  such  as the United Nations  Environmental  Program, the
World Health  Organization,  and   the  Organization for  Economic  Cooperation  and
Development (OECD).   Finally,  the Office  plays  a  strong  role in  formulating and
implementing Agency  policies that  affect  the  international  marine  environment.


                                       MS-23
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    Office of Civil Rights —  This  Office manages  the Agency's  civil  rights pro-
grams^It provides  policy  guidance to the  Administrator and evaluates activities
required to  carry out  the  Agency's  responsibilities  to assure  equal  opportunity
and prohibit discrimination  in employment at EPA.   This  program  element also sup-
ports the  area  Civil Rights  Directors at major  research and  satellite installa-
tions in Cincinnati,  Research Triangle Park, and Las  Vegas;  the  activities of the
Headquarter's Federal Women's Program Committee; and  processing  of discrimination
complaints lodged by Agency employees  and applicants for employment.

    Science Advisory Board (SAB) — The Board  consists of a Director, professional
and clerical staff,  and approximately 50 independent  scientists  and engineers who
advise the  Administrator on  the scientific  and  technical  bases  of  the Agency's
decisions.  They  review the  scientific basis of regulatory proposals, the adequacy
of Agency  research  and  the  research  planning  process, the  five-year  research and
development plan,  as well as  special  requests from the  Administrator, the Deputy
Administrator and the  Congress.  The  SAB prepares  findings  and recommendations in
technical reports  which are legally  required  to  be sent  directly  to  the Adminis-
trator and to the Congress.

    Office of Administrative Law Judges — Judges   from  this  Office preside  over
and conduct hearings  required by the  Administrative Procedures Act related to ap-
peals of Agency regulations and decisions.

    Office of Small and Disadvantaged  Business Utilization —  This  Office provides
Agencywide oversightinimplementingprogramsunderSections  8  and  15   of the
Small Business Act  (as  amended) to further the utilization  of EPA procurement and
financial assistance programs  by small and  disadvantaged businesses.   It develops
national policy for  EPA and  serves  as the  focal  point for  providing  guidance for
implementing the  Agencywide  minority and  women's business  enterprise  policy  under
grants and cooperative  agreements.


IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

1985 Program Request

    The Agency  requests a total  of $1,799,100 supported  by 32.3  total  workyears
for this program, all   of which  is for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of $124,800  for personnel costs  and  a  decrease of 3.0
total workyears resulting from the  completion of  the Deputy Administrator's task
force that  worked on  Agency  policy  and  management review.   The  major focus  of
activity in the  Immediate Office  will be to  ensure better  internal   management,
continue emphasis   on enforcement   and compliance  efforts,  pursue delegation  of
programs to State and local   governments,  support  enhanced  science as a basis for
decision  making,   and   improve   the Agency's  methodologies   for   managing  risk.


1984 Program

    In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $1,674,300 and 35.3  total work-
years to this Office, all of  which  is for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The major focus of activity in the  Immediate  Office will be to  ensure better in-
ternal management, emphasize  enforcement  and compliance,  pursue delegation   of pro-
grams to state  and  local  governments,  and support  enhanced  science as  a basis for
decision making and managing risk.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$68,900 results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.   (-$68,900) Several  reprogrammings were made  to this activity
which were not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  These
changes resulted  in  a net decrease  of -$68,900 to  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
                                       MS-24
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1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total of  $1,629,600  and 36.7 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which  was for  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
The major  focus  was improving Agency  communication on  issues  with major  outside
organizations, Congress, and public interest groups.


OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS

1985 Program Request

    The Agency requests  a  total  of $279,300  supported  by 4.0 total workyears  for
this Office, all of  which  is  for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This is
a decrease  of  $42,100,  due to Senior  Executive  Service (SES) candidate  resources
included in 1984 but not carried into  1985,  and no change in total  workyears from
1984 levels.   The  Office will continue  to provide a  communications  link  between
headquarters and the ten regional offices.


1984 Program

    The Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $321,400  and 4.0 total  workyears,  all  of
which is for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.   The  Office  will  provide a
liaison between  the regional  offices  and  the  Administrator  to  ensure  that  the
Administrator's policies are  effectively communicated to  the Regional Administra-
tors, to include the regions in the  policy-making process,  to  alert  the Adminis-
trator to  any  potential  regional   problems  and  concerns,  and  to  assist   him  in
managing significant regional  issues.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$60,400 results from the following  action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$60,400)   A reprogranming ^
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total of $237,200  and  7.2 total  workyears for
this program, all  of which  was  for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  The
Office completed monthly  financial  and operating  plan  reports, budget development
and execution for  the  staff  offices, workload analysis for Regional Management, in
addition to  providing  personnel  action preparation  and  staffing plan development,
administrative services,  and  resource   and  computer  planning  studies  for  the
staff offices in the Office of the Administrator.


OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT

1985 Program Request

    The Agency requests  a total  of $523,400 supported  by 15.8 total  workyears for
this program, all  of which  is  for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  This
represents an increase  of $44,800  for  personnel  costs and no workyears from 1984
levels.  This Office  will continue  to manage the  Administrator's  correspondence,
Deputy Administrator's  correspondence, Congressional  correspondence,  and  Freedom
of Information (FOI) correspondence.


1984 Program

    In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $478,600 and 15.8  total workyears
for this  program,  all  of which  is  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
Through the  Executive  Correspondence  Tracking  System, the  Office  will  track and
monitor all  incoming and  outgoing Agency  correspondence.  The Office  will continue
to prepare a yearly  report to  Congress oir-the cost  to the Agency and to the public
of administering the Freedom of Information Act.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $408,800  and   14.3  total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  was for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
The Office logged,  controlled,  and  tracked approximately 5000 letters  to and from
Congress; received, assigned  for action  and  tracked approximately 23,000 letters
to and from  the Administrator  and  Deputy  Administrator  using  the newly created ex-
cutive correspondence tracking  system',  and controlled  approximately  4,000  Freedom
of Information requests.


REGULATORY INFORMATION SERVICE CENTER

1985 Program Request

    The Regulatory Information  Service Center (RISC) requests a  total  of $575,000
supported by 5.0  total  workyears,  all  of which  is for  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  This represents  an  increase  of $6,700  for  personnel  costs  and  no
change in total  workyears.   The Center will  publish two editions  of the Unified
Agenda of Federal  Regulations and will  continue to  maintain  an automated data base
of Federal  Government  regulatory  activity.   The  Center will  also  continue  its
monthly analysis  of Federal Register Statistics.
                                      MS-26
-------
1984 Program

    The Regulatory  Information  Service  Center  is allocating  a  total of  $568,300
and 5.0 total  workyears,  all  of which  is  for the Salaries and  Expenses  appropri-
ation.  The  Center  will  continue  to  produce the  Unified Agenda of Federal  Regu-
lations for October 1983 and April  1984.  The Center will also place into operation
an automated data base  of Federal Government  regulatory  activity  and  will  continue
its monthly analysis of Federal  Register Statistics.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the Agency obligated  a total  of $534,100 and 4.0 total  workyears  for
this program,  all  of which was  in the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.  The
Center coordinated  the publication  of  the  Unified Agenda of Federal  Regulations
for October 1982 and  April  1983,  and developed the  October 1983  Agenda.   In  addi-
tion, the Center  assisted  the Canadian  government  in developing the guidance  of
the first Canadian  Agenda  of Regulations.   The Center  also  produced the  monthly
analysis of Federal  Register Statistics.


ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND

1985 Program Request

    The Agency requests a total  of $3,000  for this  program, all  of which is in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This reflects  no change from the 1984 level.
This fund will enable the Administrator  to host  official receptions, meetings,  and
affairs for visiting dignitaries and officials.


1984 Program

    In 1984, the Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $3,000  to  this program, all  of
which is  under the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation, to  cover the  expenses
of official  receptions and other functions.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $2,200  for  this function  under  the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

1985 Program Request

    The Agency  requests a total of $1,132,400 supported  by 22.0  total  workyears
for this  Office,  all  of  which  is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
This reflects  an  increase  of $96,600  for  personnel costs and no  change  in  total
workyears from 1984 levels.   The Office  will  continue  to provide  guidance,  coordi-
nation and exchange  of  scientific  and technical  information on a regular  basis in
support of Agency programs,  and  promote agreed upon approaches  to common environ-
mental problems with  border countries,  including  development of an environmental
agreement with  Mexico  to  control   border  sanitation  problems  ,  and guidance  on
international acid  precipitation.    In   1985, emphasis   will  also  be directed  to
ensure the harmonization  of regulatory  practices to meet  environmental  objectives
and to facilitate trade and environmental  aspects of trade in  chemicals  and  ship-
ment of hazardous wastes.

                                       MS-27
-------
1984 Program

    The Agency  is  allocating  a  total   of  $1,035,800 and  22.0 total  workyears to
this Office,  all  of which is  for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Dealing
with border  pollution  problems with  Canada and  Mexico  will  continue  to dominate
the focus of  this office.  This includes continuing negotiations on a transboundary
air quality  agreement,  a  joint  plan   to  reduce phosphorous  levels  in  the  Great
Lakes, and cooperative efforts to  remedy the pollution  in  the  Niagara River Basin.
Negotiations  are under way with Mexico concerning a new  border agreement  on con-
trol of  border sanitation problems. New initiatives will  be  taken  in  support of
bilateral cooperation  with  West  Germany,  Brazil, China,  the Netherlands,  USSR,
and the Caribbean  nations.  The  Office will also play a strong role  in formulating
and implementing  Agency policies  that  affect  international  trade  in  chemicals,
transfrontier shipment  of  hazardous  wastes,   and  the  protection  of the  global
environment including  the  oceans and atmosphere.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments                      ;

    In 1983,  the Agency obligated  a total  of  $1,071,200  and 23.1  total  workyears,
all of which  was  for the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.  The development and
implementation of  bilateral   cooperation  and  exchange  programs   on  environmental
issues with  Canada  and Mexico was the major  emphasis  in  1983.  The environmental
problems with  China and  the  Soviet  Union,  and with  international  organizations
such as  the  United Nations  Environmental' Program, the  World  Health Organization,
and the  Organization  for  Economic Cooperation  and  Development,   were  also empha-
sized.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1985 Program Request

    The Agency  requests  a total  of $1,186,700  supported  by 21.8  total  workyears
for this Office,  all  of  which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
is an  increase  of $92,100 for  personnel  costs  and  no change  in  total  workyears.

     In 1985, the Office of  Civil  Rights  will  continue development  and training
of Civil Rights  staff; improve  and  strengthen  external  complaints handling system;
continue implementation  of Civil Rights training  for  managers;  expand and improve
Agencywide recruitment efforts;  and  provide  technical guidance and direction for the
Agency's civil rights efforts.   This office will also provide continuous monitoring
of affirmative action plan implementation;  expand  and  improve the Equal Employment
Opportunity (EEO)  counseling  program to  resolve complaints through  informal  con-
ciliation; strengthen  and improve  the  special  emphasis  programs  by  conducting
seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency managers; increase
quantity and quality of EEO reviews and studies; strengthen the Agency's participa-
tion in the Historically  Black  Colleges and Universities Program;  and improve the
implementation of the Agency's  policy  on non-discrimination  in Federally assisted
programs.


1984 Program

    The Agency  is  allocating  a   total  of  $1,094,600  and 21.8 total  workyears, all
of which  is  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  The  Office  of  Civil
Rights will continue to carry out equal  opportunity hiring and employment programs;
manage the Agency's  affirmative action  program, special emphasis  programs and the
discrimination complaints  program;  implement  regulations  and  programs  requiring
EPA grant  recipients  to  adhere  to  the  civil   rights laws  and  labor  standards re-
quirements of applicable  Federal statutes;  serve  as the Agency's focal  point for
the Historically Black Colleges  and  Universities Program;  develop a highly trained
Civil  Rights  staff;  establish  an  external  complaints  handling system;  develop  a


                                       MS-28
-------
Civil Rights  training  program  for  EPA  managers;  establish  in-house  complaints
investigations capability; develop  an  effective Agencywide recruitment  and  refer-
ral system; develop systematic approach for internal  evaluation and program review;
obtain Health and Human Services  approval  and promulgate a regulation implementing
the requirements  of the  Age  Discrimination  Act  of  1975;   obtain  Department  of
Justice and Equal Employment  Opportunity Council's approval  and  publish a regula-
tion implementing the federally conducted aspects of Section 504;  develop standards
to waive  recommendations  in labor  standards  cases;  arrange  for  an  accessibility
study of  EPA  headquarters  for  Agency and  General   Services Administration  use;
develop standards for Agency  use to insure EPA meetings and conferences are acces-
sible; develop  a  standardized  appeal  procedure  in  labor   standards   cases;  and
publish a final  consolidated civil rights regulation.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accompli shments

    In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $946,400  and  20.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  all   of which  was in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
The Office provided  assistance to EPA  program  offices  in developing  the  Agency's
plan for  support to  Historically Black  Colleges and  Universities;  developed  an
Agencywide Affirmative  Action Plan  and  monitored  the  Agency's  compliance  with
affirmative action  goals; managed  the  Special  Emphasis  and Discrimination  Com-
plaint programs;  conducted  an  EEO Officers  Planning  Conference;  developed  an
Agencywide Civil  Rights  policy  statement;  and  managed  the  enforcement  of  labor
standards legislation.    In  addition,   the  Office's  External  Compliance  Staff,
assisted by the  Department of Justice,  internally  cleared  the  Agency's  consoli-
dated nondiscrimination regulation.


SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD

1985 Program Request

    The Agency  requests  a total  of $1,165,600  supported by  23.9  total workyears
for this  Office,  all  of  which  is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This reflects an  increase of  $101,000   for  personnel  costs and no  change  in  total
workyears from  1984  levels.   This increase will  be  used to  expand the number  of
meetings held to  address  selected issues.  The  Deputy  Administrator  will  identify
33-45 regulatory  issues  for the  Science Advisory Board (SAB) to  review  in  1985.
This review process  will  enable the Administrator  and the Agency to  gain greater
credibility by basing  regulatory  decisions  on  scientific and technical  data  which
has been reviewed by the  SAB.


1984 Program

    The Agency  is  allocating   a  total   of  $1,064,600  and  23.9 total  workyears  to
this program, all  of which  is for  the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.  The
SAB will  be  involved in  a number  of   reviews  during 1984.   Included  among  these
will be  the  Review  of the Integrated Environmental  Management  Project;  Research
Outlook Review;   Review  of EPA's  Scientific  and Technological  Achievement Awards;
Review of  Seven  Health Assessment  Documents, to  be  identified;  Review of Health
Advisories for  Safe Drinking  Water; Review of Two Effluent  Guidelines for Indus-
trial Source  Categories.   Other  issues  handled by the SAB  include  review of the
Ambient Air Quality Standards  for Lead  and  Ozone;  Review  of the  Status  of the
Ambient Air Quality  Research Program;  Review  of the  Methodologies Used  for Setting
Ambient Air Quality Standards;  Review of the EPA Acidic  Deposition Research Program;
Review of  Acidic  Deposition Assessment Activities;  Review of the Development Plans
for Two Revised Air Quality Criteria Documents;  Review of the  Sewage Sludge Disposal
Guidelines; Superfund  Assessment  Activities;  and  Three  Research  Program Reviews.
                                       MS-29
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the Agency obligated  a  total' of $857,600 and 14.6 total  workyears for
this program,  all   of  which was   under  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
During 1983,  the SAB  provided advice  on  High Level  Radioactive Waste  Disposal
Standards; Site-specific  Water Quality  Criteria;  Guidelines  for Mutagenicity Risk
Assessment; Maximum  Contaminant Levels  for Volatile  Organic  Chemicals in Drinking
Water; Health Advisories  on Aldicarb  and on Unregulated  Contaminants in Drinking
Water; Effluent  Guidelines  for the  Pesticide   Industry;  EPA's  Sludge  Management
Guidelines; proposed  revisions to the  Agency's Secondary Treatment  Regulations;
Air Quality Criteria Documents  for lead  and  ozone published under section 108, and
national primary and  secondary ambient air  quality  standards  published  under sec-
tion 109 of the  Clean  Air Act.  Other reviews by the SAB included Critical Assess-
ment Document for Acidic  Deposition;  Health  Risk Assessment Methodology  for Alter-
native National   Ambient  Air  Quality  Standards;  proposals   to   reorganize  EPA's
research laboratories;  EPA's  Five Year  R&D  Plan; and  Health  Assessment Documents
for Hazardous Pollutants;  and other issues.


OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES

1985 Program Request

    The Agency requests a total of $770,300  supported  by 15.6 total  workyears for
this Office,  all  of which  is   for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
reflects an increase  of $68,500 for personnel  costs and no change  in total work-
years from  1984  levels.   In 1985, this Office  will  continue to  preside  over and
conduct hearings required  by the  Administrative Procedures Act  related  to suspen-
sion, cancellation,  licensing   and  enforcement   actions,  including the  assessment
of civil  penalties   initiated   by  the -Agency.  -Preliminary  estimates  indicate  a
significant number  of   new  Section  120  Clean Air Act, and Resource  Conservation
and Recovery  Act (Solid  Waste Disposal  Act) cases  in  1985.   The  Administrative
Law Judges will  also continue  to adjudicate  civil  rights cases investigated by the
Office of Civil  Rights.


1984 Program

    The Agency is allocating a total of $701,800  and  15.6  total workyears to this
program, all  of  which is  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   The total
number of  cases  expected   from  EPA  regional  offices in  1984  is  578  cases.  This
represents an increase  of 143  cases  over 1983,   an increase in  case workload of 33
percent.  In addition,  this  Office will handle  cases  originating at  Headquarters,
including suspensions,  cancellations,  Section  3(c)(l)(D)  of   the  Federal  Insecti-
cide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Clean Air Act  cases,  and  Civil  Rights  cases.
Civil Rights cases are not reflected in any of the cited figures.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $601,800  and  13.8 total  workyears
for this program, all  of  which was  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
For 1983, this  Office maintained  a  docket  of  433  cases,  343  of which  were  new
cases docketed in  1983, and 90 of  which  were  carried over  from previous  years.
During the year,  186  cases  were  settled by Consent  Agreement  and   Final  Order,
Withdrawal  of Complaint,  and Dismissal  of Case.   There were  26  Initial  Decisions
issued by the Office  of  Administrative  Law  Judges  in  1983.   Again,  Civil  Rights
cases are not reflected in any  of the above figures.
                                      .MS-30
-------
OFFICE OF SHALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS  UTILIZATION

1985 Program Request

    The Agency requests  a total of $240,400 and 4.9 total workyears for this Office,
all of  which  is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   This   represents
an increase of  $29,400  for personnel  costs and no  change  in total workyears from
1984 levels.   In  1985,  the Office will  continue  to   coordinate  activities with
EPA's procurement   and  financial  assistance  programs   by  providing training  and
technical assistance.  The  Office will  provide  assistance  toward  increasing the
level  of Minority Business  Enterprise/Women's Business  Enterprise  (MBE/WBE)  parti-
cipation in EPA-assisted  programs  by  assisting contract  officers, program  office
managers, and grant recipients  in locating  qualified  contractors by creating  source
lists and a complete Central Resource  Directory  (CRD), and  by developing and  imple-
menting indirect procurement policy  guidance.  Resources  will  be devoted to pro-
viding technical  and managerial  assistance  to  Headquarters  and Regional  staff
assigned to socioeconomic program activities  and counseling to minority and women's
business in compliance with Executive Order  12432.   Through  this  effort the  Agency
will increase the  percentage  of awards  to MBEs and WBEs  in  both direct  and in-
di rect p rocu rement s.


1984 Program

    The Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $211,000  and 4.9 total  workyears  for
this program,  all  of which is for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  In
1984, the  Office  will  implement  the  Presidential  directive to  assure  increased
minority business  participation in contracting under grants  and cooperative  agree-
ments.  Extensive assistance to  program and  Regional   Offices,  grant  recipients,
and minority contractors is anticipated.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

    There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the Agency obligated a total of  $303,600 and  6.6 total workyears, all
of which was  for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.  The Agency  awarded 35
percent of  its  direct procurement dollars  to small  and disadvantaged businesses.
In addition,  during  the year the Agency's  grant/cooperative agreement   recipients
awarded over 10 percent  of their  subcontracting  dollars  to  MBEs  and WBEs.
                                       MS-31
-------






























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-------
                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                     Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of $22,750,100 supported by 222.9  total  workyears,
all of  which  is  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of
$3,222,200 and no total  workyears from 1984.

Program Description

     The Office of  Policy,  Planning  and Evaluation  (OPPE),  under  the guidance  of
the Assistant Administrator, directs  the Agency's  regulation development  and  review
process, formulates Agency policy, and  develops planning strategy.

     Specifically, OPPE   reviews  all  EPA  regulations  to ensure  consistency  with
Agency policy, coordinates  all  internal Agency reviews  of regulations, and  leads
the Agency's regulatory  reform activities.

     In addition,  OPPE's  analyses of  the economic  and  environmental  effects  of
EPA's regulations, policies, and  programs,  as well  as  evaluations of  the  effective-
ness of  ongoing   Agency   programs,  stimulate  policy   formulation.   Through   these
programs, the Agency  is  developing a framework for  a  well-run strategic  planning
and management process,  and ensuring that  EPA's  program  objectives and  environ-
mental  goals are  clearly  defined  and met.  UPPF also" provides special studies  and
analyses to  support  Agency  decision   making processes  in  both   management  and
program areas.  A brief description  of  each of the program  elements included  in
OPPE follows:

     Program Management  - Policy, Planning  and Evaluation ~ This  program element
supports the Assistant  Administrator's  Immediate  Office  and  provides senior  OPPE
managers with  policy  direction,   program  planning,  and  budgeting  and  resource
management.

     Integrated Environmental  Management Program — This  program  is   developing  an
integrated planning and program  management strategy to make regulations more  con-
sistent and to avoid unnecessary  economic  or  environmental  impacts.

     Office of Policy Analysis— This  program  element  contains  resources to  ana-
lyze HIE~PA~regulations,  policies,  and programs  from the  perspective of  their
economic and environmental impacts and  benefits.

     Office of Standards and Regulations — This office  manages the  Agency's  regu-
lation development and  review process,  analyzes all  of  EPA's  regulations to  ensure
technical quality and consistency  with  Agency policy,  designs the Agency's regula-
tory reform activities,  and develops  innovative approaches  to  regulation.

     Office of Management Systems and Evaluation — This program operates the Agen-
cy's accountability  system,  evaluates  program  effectiveness  in   meeting  Agency
goals, and designs and implements  necessary  management  reforms, including  a  system
to manage for environmental  results.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $1,016,900  supported  by 20.1 total  workyears
for this  program,  all   of  which is  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation,
an increase  of $26,800  and no  workyears  from  1984.   The  increase  results  from
increased personnel  costs.   This  request will provide the Assistant  Administrator


                                       MS-35
-------
with sufficient  staff  and  resources   for  budgetary  and  administrative   support
necessary to  manage  OPPE  and  its component  offices  efficiently and  effectively.
Resources will be  available  for  policy  direction, quality control  of  regulations,
and special studies and analyses.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  a  total   of $990,100  and 20.1 total work-
years to this program, all of which is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This program  is  providing overall policy direction  and conducting the  activities
necessary to  manage  the component offices  of the Office  of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation, including  special  studies  and  analyses to support  the OPPE decision-
making process.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     The net increase of +$39,200 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-i-$39,200)  Several  reprogrammings  were  made to this acti-
vity which  were  not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.
These changes resulted in  a  net  increase of +$39,200 to the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $794,900  and 16.1 total workyears
for this program,  all  of  which  was  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
These funds  supported  the basic budgetary, administrative, analytic, and  planning
activities necessary to   manage  the  Office  of  Policy, Planning  and  Evaluation.


INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $3,640,600  supported  by 20.0 total workyears
for this program,  all  of  which  is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation,
an increase  of  $83,800 and  no workyears from 1984.   The increase  is  due to in-
creases in  operating  and  personnel  costs.  These resources will  allow the Inte-
grated Environmental  Management  Program (IEMP)  to  continue work  on  the  industry
studies.  Consistency  in   the  current   library   of  industry models  will  also   be
analyzed and  revised  as  necessary in  order to  run  all models  together and IEMP
will  develop an  internal  operations  research  and computer capacity.  In addition,
IEMP will   complete  work  on the third geographic  project  as  well  as start  work  on
the fourth  and  fifth   sites.   Consistent with the  Administrator's  decision, IEMP
will  also  implement the  recommendations presented in  its  1984  report  summarizing
the national implications  of the geographic projects  undertaken.
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $3,556,800 and 20.0 total work-
years to this  program,  all   of  which is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropri-
ation.  With these  resources  IEMP is  undertaking new  industry  studies  to better
assess the  cost-effectiveness  of all  environmental  regulations  for  particular
industrial  sectors.   It  is  also working  on  three geographic study  areas  (two of
which are expected to be  completed by  the end of  1984) to further develop strate-
gies for enabling Federal, State, and  local  governments to jointly develop effic-
cient environmental   control  for particular  geographic areas.   In  addition,   IEMP
is preparing a  report  summarizing  the  national   implications  of  the  geographic
projects conducted to date and  is determining whether  it  is  feasible to transfer
the application  of  the  geographic   approach  to  Regional  offices  and  States  or
whether other operational  modes  should  be  considered.
                                       MS-36
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$246,800 results  from the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$246,800) A reprograiraning was made  to  this  activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional   reprogramming limitations.  This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$246,800 to  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,801,500 and 17.0 total workyears
for this program,  all  of which  was  for the Salaries and  Expenses   appropriation.
These resources  were  used to  focus  on and  further refine the  industry  and geo-
graphic methodologies  formulated in  1981  and  1982.   A  mathematical   programming
model was  developed,  making  possible  the   estimation  of the  most   cost-effective
pollution control  strategies  for the  industry  under  study.   An enhanced  geogra-
phic approach was  introduced as  a  demonstration in  the  Philadelphia  area and work
commenced on applying such  methodology  to a second demonstration  site in Baltimore.
During 1983  this program  was  known   as  the  Program  Integration  Project   (PIP).


OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of  $10,479,200 supported  by  62.1 total workyears
for this program,  all  of  which is for  the Salaries and  Expenses   appropriation,
an increase  of  $2,142,300  and  no  workyears from 1984.  The increase is primarily
due to the  transfer of  the  extramural  funding  for the  economic research  program
from the  Office  of  Research  and  Development-   t-o~the -Office  of Policy  Analysis
(OPA).  In 19&5¥~OPA-w+H—complete the  Comjrws-rorraHy-required  "Cost of Clean Air
and Water"  report,  complete  studies of the macroeconomic   impacts of  EPA  regula-
tions, undertake analyses  of  risk  management across programs,  and perform  studies
on the combined  economic impact  of  all  EPA regulations  on two major industries as
well as  several   company  or  plant  specific financial   analyses.   OPA's  Benefits
Program will incoporate benefits  analysis  in decisions  on  construction grants and
initiate a major  effort to improve  risk and  benefit techniques applied  by the Pes-
ticides Program.  Lastly, OPA's  Economic Research  Program will  renew  many  of the
cooperative agreements supporting the  extensive  system  of   "centers   of  excellence"
established in 1983.  With these funds-,  particular attention will  be  paid to water-
related benefits  methods,  national  benefits estimations,  ozone-related benefits,
and exposure estimations.
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $8,336,900 and 62.1 total work-
years to this program, all  of which  is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
With these resources, OPA  is  focusing  on  reviewing existing regulations and stan-
dards, which  requires  intensified  cost-benefit  and  cost-effectiveness analysis.
OPA is  placing  additional  emphasis  on  intra-industry  and  cross-industry cost-
effectiveness comparison.  To  effectively  support  this  activity,   the  office  is
thoroughly reviewing  its  existing  data base  and  upgrading  and expanding  it  as
necessary.  The Agency is  reviewing all the  National Amhient Air Quality Standards
as well  as  many of  its  recently promulgated effluent  guidelines.   Amendments  to
the Clean  Air and  Clean  Water  Acts  may  lead  to even  more extensive  regulatory
reviews.  OPA is initiating  a  new Congressionally-mandated  "Cost of Clean Air  and
Water" report.  OPA is  also  continuing its  strategic  studies  which  examine  the
cumulative macroeconomic impacts  of EPA's  regulations  on major  industries.  OPA's
Benefits Program is  pursuing  major  efforts  to  incorporate  benefits analysis  in  a
variety of regulatory situations, including development  of the Agency's  groundwater
strategy.  And, its  Economic Research  Program  is  developing improved methods  for
determining the economic benefits and,  to  a  much  more limited extent, the  economic
costs of pollution control.
                                        MS-37
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$79,700 results  from  the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$79,700) A  reprogramming  was made  to  this  activity which
was not reportable  under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This change
resulted in a  net increase  of  +$79,700  to the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $8,269,600 and 60.2 total workyears
for this program, all  of which  was for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
OPA continued to  oversee the  Agency's  implementation  of  Executive  Order 12291,
working closely with  program  offices  to  evaluate  the  costs, economic impact, and
benefits of  prospective  regulatory  requirements   or changes.   OPA  analyzed the
economic impact of  potential amendments to  the Clean Air and  Water Acts and com-
pleted the  "Cost  of Clean  Air and  Water" report.   Work was also concluded on the
permitting progress   of  important energy  projects.  A  study  of the  macroeconomic
impacts of all EPA regulations  was initiated.


OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $5,018,100 supported  by 67.7 total workyears
for this program, all  of  which is  for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation,
an increase  of  $830,800 and no workyears  from 1984.  The  increase  is primarily
due to the  transfer of the toxics integration extramural  dollars  into this pro-
gram.  In 1985, the  Office  of  Standards  and Regulations  (OSR)  will  maintain com-
pliance with Executive Order 12291, the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Paperwork
Reduction Act,  and   Federal  Register  requirements  by  continuing  its  technical,
statistical, and  policy  review  of existing regulations  as well  as  those under
development.  It will also  concentrate  on analyses  of Agencywide  scientific issues
that affect rulemaking.  Additionally,  OSR  will  work on  several  chemical  studies
and complete studies of cross program chemical  regulation  priorities.
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $4,187,300 and 67.7 total work-
years to this program, all of which is for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This level of resources allows  OSR to continue  its effective management and over-
sight of  the  regulation  development  and  review process ensuring  compliance with
Executive Order  12291,  the  Regulatory  Flexibility  Act,  the  Paperwork Reduction
Act, and  Federal  Register  requirements.   OSR  is intensifying  regulatory  reform
and relief efforts  and  is continuing to  concentrate  on improving the  scientific,
engineering,  and statistical  base  for regulations  and policies.   It  is  also  devel-
oping and testing an  integrated  cost-effectiveness model  for multi-media  chemical
control and is  initiating an Agencywide investigation of priorities  for  regulating
chemicals.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net  increase of +$167,100 results from  the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$167,100)  A reprogramming was  made to this  activity which
was not reportable  under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in a net increase of +$167,100  to the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
                                        MS-38
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a  total  of $3,993,500 and 58.4 total workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  is for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
OSR initiated efforts to improve the  scientific, engineering, and statistical base
of the Agency's  regulations and  policies.   In addition,  OSR's procedural improve-
ments included earlier and more  substantive technical, economic, and policy  review
of Agency  regulations,  standards,  and  criteria.  State  involvement  in  the rule
development process was also  enhanced. OSR  continued to  reduce excessive paperwork
burdens imposed by  EPA regulations through the application of rigorous  independent
analysis as  well  as to  review  new   and  existing rules  and policies.   OSR also
initiated an outreach program for regulatory  improvement, revised and strengthened
the environmental integrity of emissions trading, approved or proposed approval  of
twelve state generic rules and trading  applications,  and continued development  of
compliance and enforcement  reforms.


OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS  AND  EVALUATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of  $2,595,300  supported by 53.0 total workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  is for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation,
an increase  of  $138,500  and  no  workyears  from 1984.   The increase  is  due to in-
creases in personnel and  operating costs.    With these  resources,  the  Office  of
Management Systems  and  Evaluation  (OMSE) will  assess whether  Agency  goals  and
program commitments are being met  and what  corrective actions  should be taken if
weaknesses are detected.   In  order to accomplish this, OMSE  will  carry out eval-
uations of major programs or program  components,  perform  short-term  management
reviews, and operate the management accountability  system and ensure its integra-
tion with  other Agency  management  systems.  --OMSE—will-^lso  develop   Agencywide
planning guidance and—wrH—implement—a  specral—tracking system for  the  Deputy
Administrator.  The Regional  Administrator's  Environmental Management Reports will
continue under  OMSE auspices as  will the  development  of improved  indicators  of
environmental status and  trends and improved monitoring strategies.
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $2,456,800 and 53.0 total work-
years for this program,  all  of which  is for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropri-
ation.  This level of  funding  allows  OMSE to assess the Agency's effectiveness  in
meeting program goals and commitments by  conducting evaluations  of major programs,
by running the management accountability  system, by performing a number of  quality
assurance reviews, and by developing and  recommending corrective actions where the
need for  improvement   is  identified.   Also, OMSE is  developing mechanisms  for
connecting the accountability  system,  which  measures each  program's  progress  in
meeting its  goals  and  commitments, with  other  Agency management  systems  such  as
performance standards,   merit pay,  managing  for   environmental  results,   and the
budget process.   In  addition,  OMSE  is  working   with  Headquarters   and  Regional
offices to  develop  improved indicators  of  environmental  status and  trends, and
improved monitoring  strategies.   OMSE  is  also  overseeing implementation  of the
recommendations contained in the  final   report   of the  State-Federal  task   force.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$1,800 results from the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.   (-$1,800)  A  reprogramming  was  made  to  this  activity which
was not reportable under  the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This  change
resulted in  a  net  decrease  of  -$1,800 to the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
                                        MS-39
-------
1983 Accompl i shments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated a total  of  $2,454,100 and 49.8 total  workyears
to this program,  all  of  which  was  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
OMSE completed the development of an Agency  strategic  plan for program delegation
to the  States  and  was  involved  in  developing  other  issue  specific  integrated
management plans through work on  the Administrator's  management  guidance  for 1984
and 1985.   It  worked to  develop strategies  for  improving EPA's partnership with the
States and concluded evaluations on the ocean dumping program, alternatives to land
disposal  of hazardous waste,  Air  New Source Performance  Standards,  and hazardous
air pollutants.  OMSE expanded  its  efforts to implement  and  refine  the  account-
ability system for the Administrator, to  conduct  in-depth quality assurance reviews
of programs,   and  to promote  the  adoption  of  baseline measures  in  environmental
quality to assess performance and  guide the Agency's allocation of  resources toward
actions which  helped to  provide the greatest environmental  results.
                                       MS-40
-------

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                               MANAGEMENT AND  SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                              Office of General  Counsel
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of  $6,314,700 supported by 129.5 total workyears
for this program,  all of which  is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an
increase of $116,200 and no total workyears.  The  increase  reflects an  increase in
personnel and operating costs.

Program Description

     This activity  provides  Agency  program  offices  with   interpretations  of EPA
administered statutes and  other  applicable  laws  and legal  advice  on  all  major
regulatory decisions and  other  Agency  actions.   With the  Department  of Justice,
it handles all  litigation activities  in which  EPA is  a defendant.


GENERAL COUNSEL

1 985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $6,314,700 supported by 129.5 total workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
The increase of $116,200  and  no total  workyears  from 1984 represents an increase
in personnel  costs and  operating support.

     Priority functions  in 1985  include: handling  all litigation in which EPA is a
defendant; a large volume of  complex  Resource  Conservation  and Recovery Act (RCRA)
regulatory reviews;  RCRA  State  delegations;   RCRA,   National  Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System, and Safe Drinking Water Act permit reviews; Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and  Rodenticide  Act   adjudicatory  proceedings;   Rebuttable Presumption
Against Registration conclusions;  Clean Air Act  and National  Ambient Air Quality
Standards revisions;  National  Emission  Standards   for  Hazardous  Air  Pollutants
standards; State  Implementation Plan  reviews;  support to the Office  of Inspector
General; construction grant support; bid protests; debarment and suspension imple-
mentation; and Freedom of Information Act  and  personnel ethics matters.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is allocating  a total of  $6,198,500 and 129.5 total work-
years to this program,  all  of  which is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
The 1984  program  provides continued  support   to Agency media  program priorities
through legal advice and  assistance,  handling  defensive litigation, and participat-
ing in selected administrative proceedings.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the  Amendment

     The net decrease of  -$818,500 results  from the following actions:

     -Reorganization.  (-$835,500)  A  Congressionally approved  reorganization  to
create the Office  of External Affairs  (OEA)  moved  the  Legislative  Division  from
the Office of  General  Counsel  to OEA  and  established the  Office  of Legislative
Analysis.

     -Reprogrammings.  (+$17,000)   Several  reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which  were  not  reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net  increase  of  +$17,000 to  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.
                                       MS-42
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total of $5,347,900 and 115.1 total workyears
all of which was for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.  In  1983, the General
Counsel supported Agency priorities  by  providing legal advice and  support to Agency
managers and defending the Agency in  litigation  filed against it.  The  Office of
General Counsel  also  reviewed  selected regulatory actions to  ensure  legal  defen-
sibility and  provided  advice on  other actions,  such  as  grants,  contracts,  and
personnel  actions.
                                       MS-43
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                            MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                               Agency Management

                           Office of External  Affairs


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests   a  total  of $6,499,400  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation supported  by  132.0  total  workyears  for  the  Office  of  External
Affairs in 1985.  This is  an  increase  of  $384,500  and  an increase of  no  workyears
from 1984.  These  resources  will  enable  the Office  of  External  Affairs to support
the Administrator  and  each Assistant Administrator in more  effectively  communica-
ting the  Agency's  program  activities  and mandates  within and  outside  the Agency.

Program Description

     These resources include the  salaries and associated costs  for  the  Office  of
Legislative Analysis,  the  Office  of Congressional   Liaison,  the Office  of  Public
Affairs, the  Office  of  Intergovernmental  Liaison,  and  the  Office  of  Federal
Activities.  The  Office of  External  Affairs was  created  at  the  start of  1984
by consolidating the  independent activities  of  four former  staff  offices  of  the
Office of  the  Administrator.  The  Administrator  created  this new organization  to
improve the public  perception  of the  Agency, to  increase Agency effectiveness  by
improving Congressional liaison, to establish outreach to broaden our  constituency
base through State and local  contacts, public interest  groups, and citizen partici-
pation, and to reaffirm and strengthen Federal agency contacts.

     Office of Legislative Analysis —  This ^office—is  responsible  for  preparing
Agency draft  4egisl*t-i«fh—devek>p4ng— testimony—for  Agency  officials  to  present
before Congress,  and  conducting  analysis of  environmentally  related  legislation
developed by  the  Congress.   It works closely  with  the  Administrator,  Assistant
Administrator for  External  Affairs,   and  the program  offices  in  developing  the
Agency's legislative program  and  in guiding specific legislative proposals through
the inter-agency legislative  clearance process.   This  office  also  maintains  the
Agency's Legislative Reference  Library and  provides legislative  research services
for the Agency.

     Office of Congressional  Liaison —  This office serves  as  the  principal point
of Congressional contact for  the Agency.   It provides  daily  summaries  of Congres-
sional activities  throughout  EPA and provides  recommendations,  advice, and  assis-
tance to the Administrator, Assistant Administrator for External Affairs,  and other
senior policy officials involved  with  the development,  presentation,  and  implemen-
tation of  the Agency's  legislative program.  The office  reviews all  Congressional
correspondence, responds  to   Congressional   requests  for information  and  Agency
publications, and   coordinates   grant  and  contract   announcements  to  Congress.

     Office of Public Affairs —   This office  develops  Agency policy   for  media
relations and public information.   Its activities include: preparing  press releases
and feature material  for  media  distribution;  responding  to press inquiries;  con-
ducting press  conferences  and  briefings;  coordinating media  appearances  of  key
Agency officials;  and  compiling  daily   and  weekly  newsclips   of  national  press
coverage.  The  office  also prepares publications  for  the general public on major
programs and activities of EPA; produces  newsletters for internal EPA  use;  super-
vises the  nationwide EPA  community relations  program  to inform  citizens  of  EPA
decisions and  actions;  supports  television  and  radio  outlets  nationwide  with
audiovisual materials  explaining EPA programs;  and  reviews  all  public information
materials for conformance  to the Agency's Graphics Standards System.

     Office of Intergovernmental Liaison  —  This  office  serves as  the  Agency's
principal  pointofcontact  with major national  public  interest groups, environ-
mental groups, industry  representatives,  and  State  and local  governments; advises
the Administrator  and  other  Agency  officials  on the positions  and views of these
yroups; and develops  appropriate  strategies  for  effective  interactions  and  dia-
                                       MS-47
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logue with  them  and their constituencies.   The office will  continue to emphasize
the Administrator's  concern  for developing  cooperation  and  support for delegating
Agency programs  to  State  and  local  governments  and  for broadening  the  base  of
involvement in the Agency's regulatory decision making process.

     Office of Federal Activities —  This  office  develops  national  policies  for
dealing with  environmentalissues  and  problems associated with  Federal  agencies.
Specifically, the Office  of  Federal  Activities (OFA) is  responsible  for ensuring
that EPA  and  other  Federal agencies  carry  out  their  activities  in an environmen-
tally sound manner  pursuant  to the  National Environmental Policy  Act and  Section
309 of the  Clean Air Act.   In this capacity,  OFA files  and  publishes  notices  of
all Environmental Impact Statements.  In  concert with the Army Corps  of Engineers,
OFA manages the  Dredge  and Fill program  under  Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
OFA oversees  Federal  facility compliance with  all  Federal statutory  environmental
requirements, and  specifically  with  Executive  Order  12088. OFA also  develops
policies for  dealing  with environmental  problems  on  Indian  reservations  and  im-
plements such policies.


OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $903,100 supported by 20.9 total  workyears for
this office,  all  of which  is  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.  This
reflects an increase  of $67,600 and  no  workyears  from  1984  levels.  The increase
is due to  increases  in  personnel and support  costs.   During  1985, the office will
realize efficiencies  in dealing  with  Congressional   and Agency  requests   due  to
continuing computerization of routine legislative  research  functions.  The budget
request will  enable  the office  to  ensure  legislation,  testimony,  and  reports  on
legislation are  developed  for  presentation to  the  Congress  in  a  timely  manner.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating a total of $835,500  and 20.9 total  workyears to this
office, all of  which is for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  The Office
of Legislative Analysis provides leadership  and  support  for  special working groups
established within the  Agency to draft  legislative  initiatives in  key  areas.   It
ensures that testimony, drafting of legislation, and reports on pending and enacted
legislation will  be  developed  and  provided to  the  Congress   in  a  timely fashion.
In addition to providing technical support  to the Agency and the Office of Congres-
sional Liaison  on  the  major  environmental  legislation  developing  in  Congress,
special attention will be devoted to reauthorization of the Clean Air, Clean Water,
and Safe Drinking Water Acts.   The  office is also  responsible for  representing the
Agency in all  legislation-related day-to-day contacts with the Office  of Management
and Budget and other Federal  agencies.

     In late  1983,  the Office of  Legislation  was  abolished and  the Legislation
Division was  transferred to  the Office  of  General Counsel.   Upon  further  review,
it was determined that  the Legislative  Division should  be  established as  a  sep-
arate operating  entity  within the Office of External Affairs to improve the effec-
tiveness of the Agency in presenting a cohesive legislative program to the Congress
and the public.

1984 Explanation of  Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$835,500 results  from the following action:

     -Reorganization.  (+$835,500)   A Congressionally  approved  reorganization  to
create the  Office of External  Affairs  (OEA) moved  the Legislative  Division  from
the Office  of General  Counsel to  OEA  and  established  the  Office  of Legislative
Analysis.
                                      MS-48
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1983 Accomplishments

     The 1983 resources  for the Legislative Division  are  reflected  in  the Congres-
sional Liaison  program  element.    In  1983,  the  Office   of  Legislative  Analysis
reviewed legislative suggestions from the program  offices  for  consistency with the
Administrator's overall  goals  and  policies  and recommended to  the  Administrator a
package of legislative amendments  to  be  pursued in 1984.   In  addition, the Office
of Legislative Analysis  developed  testimony  and related material for  87 hearings,
and submitted 6  formal  legislative proposals,  two  of  which  became   public  law.


OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $1,014,000  supported  by 21.5  total  workyears
for this  office,  all  of which  is  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This reflects an  increase  of $84,100  and  no workyears  from  1984  levels.   The
increase in dollars is due to more accurate pricing of workyears and support costs.
The continuing use of  computerized  data bases  for  routine research  and information
functions within the Office of Congressional  Liaison (OCL)  and the Office of Legis-
lative Analysis  will   enable  OCL   staff  to deal  more  rapidly with  Congressional
requests in 1985.  The budget  request  will  enable  the office to provide day-to-day
liaison with the Congress and  will  ensure that legislation, testimony, reports on
legislation, and Member  and Committee requests  are  provided  in  a  timely  manner.


1984 Program

     The Agency is allocating  a total of  $929,90CLand 21.5 total  workyears to this
office, all of^wtucii	is__for__Salaries and_£xpe_nses_apj)_ropriation.   The  Office of
Congressional  Liaison  represents  the  views of the Agency  before Congress  and is
responsible for the  coordination  of EPA-related hearings,  the  legislative manage-
ment of the  Agency's  nine  major  statutory authorities,  the  briefing  of affected
Congressional delegations, and the  supervision of  Congressionally  generated case-
work and  all  daily  interaction  with  Congressional  Members  and  staff.   Special
attention in the second session of  the 98th Congress will  be placed on Congressional
actions involving such major  pieces of  legislation as CERCLA,  TSCA, the Clean Air
Act, and the Clean Water Act.

     At the start of  1984,  the Office of Congressional Liaison was  established as
a separate operating entity.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$185,500  results from the following actions:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$185,500)  A reprogramming  was made to  this  activity which
was not reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This change
resulted in a net decrease  of -$26,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     Another reprogramming  totaling  -$159,000,  transferred  resources  from  the
Office of  Congressional   Liaison  to  the  Pollutant  Strategies  and Air  Standards
Development Program  at  the  direction  of  Congress  in a  letter dated  October 20,
1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a  total  of $1,404,700  and  34.5  total workyears
for this program,  all  of which  was for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
These obligations represent the  combined  expenditures for  the  Offices of Congres-
sional Liaison (formerly the Congressional Liaison Division of the Office of Legis-
lation) and Legislative  Analysis  (formerly  the Legislative Division of the Office
of Legislation).
                                      MS-49
-------
     The Office of  Congressional  Liaison was  responsible for all day-to-day  Con-
gressional contacts,  including  more than 200  briefings  of  Members  and/or  staff,
involvement in 87  hearings, and  coordination  of more  than  70  specific  Committee
investigative information requests.


OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $2,324,500  supported by 50.6 total  workyears
for this  office,  all  of which  is  for the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
This reflects  an  increase  of $142,200  and no  workyears  from 1984  levels.   The
increase reflects more  accurate pricing of  workyears and support  costs.   In 1985,
the Office of  Public  Affairs (OPA) will  continue to educate the  public  about the
issues before the Agency  and to promote a  better  understanding  of the Administra-
tor's objectives and goals as well as the Agency's mission.


1984 Program

     The Agency is  allocating  a total   of $2,182,300  and 50.6 total  workyears  for
this office,  all  of  which   is  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   In
addition to  working  with the  news media  and  providing informational  materials
for the  general  public,  OPA activities  will  be  devoted to:  (1)  establishing  a
Community Relations arm  to  design, develop and   coordinate  strategies to  explain
EPA activities on a proactive  and ongoing basis; (2) improving Agency publications
to ensure that Congress, the public and the  regulated  community are  adequately in-
formed about Agency activities;  and (3)  improving internal  communications  by ex-
panding news briefs,  instituting  a management  bulletin,  and  coordinating Regional
news monitoring.


1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$440,600 results from the following action:

     -Reorganization.   (+$440,600)  A   Congressionally  approved  reorganization  to
create the  Office  of  External  Affairs  (OEA)   transferred  resources  from  the
Immediate Office of External Affairs  to  the Office  of Public  Affairs to  reflect
the transfer of the Audiovisual Division to that organization.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $2,043,000 and 44.5  total  workyears,
all of  which  was  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   In  addition  to
its regular duties, the office assisted  in  the production of an annual Administra-
tor's Report to the President;  published a  new  booklet  as  a  guide to the  Agency
and its activities;  initiated a more  comprehensive daily news  briefs publication
for the  use  of top Agency  officials  in both  headquarters and the   regions;  and
implemented the Agency's Peer Review and Administrative Control  System.


OFFICE OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL  LIAISON

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $560,600 supported  by 9.7  total workyears for
this office, all  of which  is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.  This
represents an increase of $28,400 and  no  workyears from 1984 levels.   The increase
in resources reflects  more  accurate pricing  of workyears  and   support costs.   In
1985, the office expects  to continue to  enhance  its  program of  communication and
liaison with State  and  local  elected officials and major intergovernmental  consti-
                                       MS-50
-------
tuency organizations  (ICOs).   The  office will initiate  outreach  efforts  for envi-
ronmental and industry interest groups, and will  play a major role in the implemen-
tation of the Agency's State-Federal Roles Task Force recommendations.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total of $532,200 and 9.7 total workyears,
all of which  is for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  The  current fiscal
year program includes  activities  which support one  of  the Administrator's primary
goals, to pursue delegation  of EPA  programs  to  State and  local  governments.  The
office will  improve communication  with elected State and  local officials  by main-
taining regular contact with  intergovernmental  constituent organizations, environ-
mental and  industry  organizations,  and  interest  groups;   representing the Agency
at meetings conducted by ICO environmental committees and assisting in the develop-
ment of  ICO  environmental  policy  statements;  developing  an  Agency policy  on  the
review of ICO  contract and  grant  requests to  ensure relevant and  cost-effective
work products;   participating   in  Agencywide  workgroups  on  EPA  policy  management
issues; communicating on a regular and  frequent  basis with elected State and local
officials; and  providing   advice   on  State and  local  concerns  to  senior  Agency
officials.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the _ Agency  obligated  ajtotal of~$504~fiOO ~and 10.1 total  workyears
for this  program, "aIT of  wnfch'Ws ~Tn  the  salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
During 1983, the office established and improved basic  working relationships with
intergovernmental  constituency  organizations,  attended  and/or  addressed  numerous
meetings of  ICO environmental  committees, began  a  series  of  informal  meetings
with various business groups,  and  communicated  on  a   daily  basis  with  numerous
elected State and  local officials.


OFFICE OF FEDERAL  ACTIVITIES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total   of $1,697,200  supported  by 29.3 total  workyears
for this  office,  all  of   which  is  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of $62,200  and no  workyears.  The  increase  reflects
more accurate  pricing of  workyears  and  support  costs.   The Office of  Federal
Activities (OFA) will maintain  oversight  concerning  EPA's  compliance  with  the
National  Environmental Policy  Act  (NEPA),  including preparation   of the  necessary
environmental documents for  NEPA   compliance,  such  as Environmental  Impact State-
ments (EISs); review  other Federal agencies'  projects and  actions including their
EISs; direct activities to assure  compliance  by other  Federal   agencies  with  all
environmental statutes pursuant to Executive  Order 12088;  review the  budget plans
of other  agencies   to assure  adequate  funding  of  pollution  abatement  projects
pursuant to  Office  of Management  and Budget Circular A-106; manage  the dredge  and
fill (Section 404)   program;  and coordinate EPA  programs for  Indian  reservations.


1984 Accompli shments

     In 1984, the  Agency   is  allocating $1,635,000  and 29.3  total  workyears  for
this office, all  of  which is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   The
Office of Federal   Activities  develops guidance  and directs implementation  of  EPA
policies associated with  other Federal  agencies;   it  has  been increasing  liaison
activities with these agencies.   OFA  plans   to  revise  and  update  policies  and
guidance for its  programs, including  development  of  Agency  Indian  policies.   In
                                       MS-51
-------
               addition, the  office  continues to  review and  prepare  EISs, review  other Federal
               actions, and  pursuant  to  Executive  Order  12088  and  Office   of Management  and
               Budget Circular A-106,  direct  activities related to  compliance  of Federal instal-
               lations with environmental  regulations.

               1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

                    There is no change from the amendment.


               1983 Accomplishments

                    In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total   of $1,083,700  and 25.0  total  work-
               years, all  of  which was  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.  The Office
               of Federal  Activities  focused  its  activity on regulatory  reform within  the  404
               program and  on development and  implementation of  Agency  policies   and  guidance
               associated  with  other  Federal  agencies.   Specifically,  OFA  reviewed about  200
               Environmental Impact  Statements,  and  proposed  rules  and  regulations  pursuant to
               the National  Environmental  Policy Act and Section  309  of  the Clean  Air Act.  OFA
               continued to  direct  activities  to  assure  Federal  facility compliance  with  all
               environmental mandates.
ft
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                                                      MS-52
-------
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                                                                  MS-53
-------
                                MANAGEMENT AND  SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                             Office of Inspector General
Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $14,695,400 supported by 215.7 total  workyears
for this office,  all of which  is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
is an increase of $934,200  and  10.0 total workyears to establish  a  fraud  prevention
program and  support ongoing activities.

Program Description

     This office  is  responsible  for:  conducting,  supervising,  and   coordinating
audits and  investigations relating to  EPA programs and  operations; promoting  econ-
omy and effectiveness in  the administration of  EPA programs; preventing and detect-
ing fraud and  abuse in EPA  programs and  operations;   keeping the Administrator  and
the Congress advised  of  problem areas  and  related corrective action; and  reviewing
EPA regulations  and legislation.


OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $14,695,400 supported by 215.7 total  workyears
for this office,  all  of  which is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects an  increase  of  10.0  total  workyears  and  $934,200.   The  additional  re-
sources requested will be used to establish a  fraud prevention program and enhance
the operations discussed  below.   The  Office  of  the  Inspector  General  (IG)  will
continue to  place primary emphasis on  increasing  internal and management  audits of
Agency programs,  reducing  the  backlog  of  construction  grant   final   audits,  and
investigating antitrust violations,  white collar  crimes, employee misconduct,  and
improprieties by contractors.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $13,761,200 and 205.7 total  work-
years to this office, all of which is  for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of the  Inspector General  will  increase its efforts  in performing inter-
nal and  management  audits  needed  to  help  improve the economy,  efficiency,  and
effectiveness of overall   program operations.  Primary  emphasis will be on  reviewing
programs or  areas  which   have  never been reviewed.   For example,  reviews will  be
made of the adequacy of:

     -  Federal   and  state  controls  to assure  that  hazardous   and  toxic  materials
        are not improperly  disposed of in open  dumps and  land fills;

     -  State  agency  management   of  construction  grant  programs  to   assure  that
        facilities being  constructed  are  needed,  properly sized,  cost  effective,
        constructed in  accordance  with  approved plans  and   specifications,   and
        provide for improved treatment  which  meets   established  effluent limita-
        tions;  and

     -  Agency procedures to  evaluate  whether  the use  of pesticides  and/or toxic
        substances should be approved or restricted.

The backlog   of  construction grants  awaiting  final audit  will  be  reduced by more
than 50  percent   through  the   use of  public   accounting  firms  under   contract.
                                      MS-54
-------
     Investigative resources  will  be  devoted  to  investigations  of  (1)  unlawful
price fixing  and  bid  rigging  conspiracies;  (2)  white  collar crimes  concerning
embezzlement, forgery, procurement fraud, and false claims; (3) employee misconduct
and unlawful  disclosures   of  confidential  business  information;   and (4)  impro-
prieties by  contractors  leading to  suspension  and  debarment  actions.   Continued
efforts will  be made  to  encourage the use  of the Office  of  the Inspector General
hotline to  uncover  instances  of  suspected  fraud,  waste,  and mismanagement.   A
fraud prevention  program   will  be  established  and  the  Office  of  the  Inspector
General will  provide  technical  and  audit  assistance  to  elements  of the  Agency
assessing the adequacy  of internal  controls  as  required  by  the  Federal  Managers
Financial Integrity Act of 1982.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$161,200 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (+$161,200) Several reprogrammings were made to  this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.  These
changes resulted in a net increase of +$161,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated $11,309,100  and  160.1  total workyears,  all  of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  The Office of the Inspector
General issued  1,842  reports  on  regular EPA audits which  questioned $116 million
of the $3.8 billion audited.  On  an  overall  basis,  $97  million of costs questioned
were sustained  by Agency  management.   During  the  year,  the  Agency  obtained $48
million of  cost efficiencies  and  $40 million of c^sh savings  as a result of audit
efforts.  Internal audits provided reconmeh"da't'f6ris~~for  improving the effectiveness
and efficency of program operations.   These included:

     - Improved enforcement   of Agency   requirements  to initiate  timely  construc-
       tion of  wastewater treatment works could  save  the  agency more  than $400
       million, and

     - Improved controls  over EPA's  external  research and  development program were
       needed to  assure that  funds were  spent  for  the  purposes intended, adequate
       reviews were made  of  research  proposals,  and  necessary controls  were in
       place to assure  that   completed  research reports were  provided in a timely
       manner.

     The Office of Inspector General  also completed the initial phase of coordinat-
ing vulnerability assessments  for  all Agency  programs and  began work to reduce the
backlog of  construction  grant projects  awaiting final  audit.  The Office  of the
Inspector General  opened  136  new  investigative  cases  and  closed  93  cases with 29
indictments and convictions.  The  office pioneered  new  investigative approaches to
uncover fraud in  the  sewer line  rehabilitation  industry.   It had excellent results
in this  regard  in the Atlanta area.   For the  first time in the history of the IG's
office, it  became  involved in  bid rigging  cases through  the cooperation  of the
U.S.  Department of Justice Antitrust Division and the U.S. Department of Transpor-
tation.  These  efforts  resulted  in  14   indictments, 12  convictions  and  numerous
suspensions and debarments.
                                       MS-55
-------
































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-------
                              MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                Agency Management


                 Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $38,866,200 supported by 955.0 total workyears,
all of which  will  be for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  an increase of
$4,693,500 and 21.0 total workyears  from  1984.   The  increased  resources are neces-
sary to provide additional administrative and personnel support and enhanced finan-
cial services to an expanding Agency.

Program Description

     The Office of Administration  and  Resources Management (OARM) performs Agency-
wide administrative management  and  support  functions and  provides  administrative
services  to   Headquarters   and  our   two   largest   non-Regional  field operations
-Research Triangle Park  (RTP),  North  Carolina  and   Cincinnati,  Ohio.  OARM  also
controls the  Agency's  central   planning  and   budgeting  process  which  allocates
workyear and  financial   resources  among  program  areas  and  ensures  adequate  fund
control.  In  addition,  OARM provides  certain  administrative support  services  for
the entire  Agency,  including  buildings and  facilities  management  and nationwide
support functions.

     The immediate office  of the  Assistant  Administrator provides  overall direc-
tion for all  OARM  activities as well as Agencywide policy regarding administrative
support services.  There are  five  organizational  components  under  the Assistant
Administrator  for  Administration  and  Resources  Management:  Office  of the  Comp-
troller, Office  of Administration,  Office  of  Information  Resources  Management,
and the Offices  of Administration  at  Research Triangle Park and  Cincinnati.   The
Office of the  Comptroller is responsible for the Agency's financial accountability,
policy, and budget development  activities.   The Office  of  Administration   provides
services in the areas of personnel administration, facilities management, organiza-
tional analysis,  and  contract  and   grant management  and administers  the   Agency's
occupational health and  safety  program.  The Office  of  Information  Resources  Man-
agement directs the Agency's ADP program and library services.   Our  RTP  and  Cin-
cinnati offices provide  the  same  services  and support  as  those at Headquarters
to the environmental  programs  at EPA's major field locations.   A brief description
of each of the program elements  included in OARM follows:

     Program Management  - Administration —  This  program element  consists  of  the
Assistant Administrator'simmediateoffice  which   provides  oversight,   planning
functions, and  performs  all   of the budgeting  and resource management activities
within OARM.

     Financial Management -  Headquarters --  This   component   includes   financial
management, policy  and   accounting,  and financial  reporting activities  for Head-
quarters and field offices.

     Office of the Comptroller —  This   component   develops  and  operates  EPA's
program planningandbudgeting  system; analyzes  and prepares  Agency  budgets  for
submission to  Congress  and  OMB; and  maintains the   Agency's allocation,   control,
and review system for all workyear and  financial resources.


     Contracts and Grants Management ~   This  program element  provides resources
to establish  Agencywide  contracts  and   grants policy;  to  award  and administer con-
tracts and small  purchases  at Headquarters, RTP,  and Cincinnati;  and to award  and
manage Headquarters grants and  other financial  assistance programs.
                                       MS-60
-------
      Personnel  and Organization Services  ~   This  program  provides  resources  for
 Agencywide personnel   policyguidanceand  personnel  services  such  as  staffing,
 classification, and training  to Headquarters and field offices; Agencywide  manage-
 ment analysis  and directives  management;  and  the  Agency's  occupational  health
 and safety program designed  to maintain  safe  working  conditions  and to  protect
 the health of our employees.

      Facilities  and   Management  Services --   This  program  element  provides  re-
 sources for  facilities   acquisition,  maintenance,  and  protection;  management  of
 the Nationwide  Support,   Headquarters   Support,   and   Buildings  and  Facilities
 accounts;  and  the  immediate  offices  of  the Directors  of  the  Office  of  Informa-
 tion Resources  Management   and the  Offices of  Administration  at  Cincinnati  and
 Research Triangle Park.

      Information  Systems  and  Services   ~   Included in  this program  element  are
 resources forthe Agency'scentralized  ADP   systems  management  and  processing
 support staff;  the Library  Systems Staff,  which maintains the Agency's  libraries
 at headquarters,  Cincinnati,   and  Research Triangle  Park;  and  the  ADP  services
•component  within  the  Office   of  Administration  at   Cincinnati.


 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT -  ADMINISTRATION

 1985 Program Request

      The Agency  requests  $1,324,600  supported   by  29.0  total  workyears  for  this
 program, all  of  which will be for the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   The
 increase of $5,100  represents   increases  in personnel  and support  costs  and  the
 decrease of 2.0  workyears  reflects both  changes in management priorities  through
 functional reorganizations  as  well as efficiencies  from  improved  management.  This
 level of  funding—w4JJ—maintain  .current	service levels  for  the basic budgetary,
 administrative, analytical, and strategic planning needs of the Office  of Adminis-
 tration and Resources Management  (OARM).   In 1985, the  Office will provide guid-
 ance and  overall  direction  for OARM, provide  program  and  administrative  support,
 direct direct  and  manage OARM's  resources,  and continue  to  develop  and  initiate
 strategies to enhance the efficiency and  effectiveness of  OARM.


 1984 Program

      In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating  $1,319,500 and  31.0  total  workyears  for
 this program,  all  of which is  for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.  This
 funding is  used  for  centralized   strategic planning,  oversight of  the  Agency's
 administrative systems  and  services,  review  of organizational  and  consolidation
 issues, continued strengthening of EPA's  financial  management, and  the exploration
 of cost containment  and other  management effectiveness  strategies within  OARM and
 for the Agency.   In  addition,  these funds  are  being  used to direct,  monitor, and
 conduct special  analyses  and  projects  related  to the   effective  execution  and
 efficient operation of OARM's  budget.

 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      The net decrease of -$706,200 results from the following  actions:

      -Reprogrammings.  (-$706,200) A reprogramming was made to this  activity which
 was not reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This change
 resulted  in a  net  decrease of  -$3,200 to the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.

      An additional reprogramming  of -$703,000  transferred  the  resources for analy-
 tical and substantive project management  from the Immediate Office of the Assistant
 Administrator to  the  line  operation  offices  within the  Office  of  Administration
 and Resources  Management.  This  Salaries and  Expenses  reprogramming  was  included
 in a reprogramming letter to Congress on  September 29,  1983.
                                      MS-61
-------
1983 Accompli shments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated  $1,899,400 and  37.2  total workyears  for this
program, all  of which  was  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   These
resources provided overall  policy  direction  for OARM long-range planning, strategy
development, budgeting,  resource  management,  and  other  management  activities.
During 1983  several   priority actions  were   accomplished:  improved  contracts  and
grants management,  cost  reduction  and  containment  strategies,  better  financial
management, recommendations  for  ADP  consolidation,  capital asset management, posi-
tion management  planning,  and improved  service delivery.  Building  upon  the con-
solidation of  OARM's  analytical  and  administrative personnel, we achieved improved
service and  resource efficiencies  in  our budgetary,  analytical, administrative,
and long-range planning activities.


FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $5,443,900  supported by  136.8  total workyears  for this
program, all  of which  will  be for  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation,  an
increase of $1,081,500  and  5.0  total  workyears.   The increase  in  resources will
enable the Agency  to fully implement the  Federal Managers Financial  Integrity Act
and other  statutory  requirements  and  improve financial  services.   Through this
program, we will continue  efforts  to standardize financial and accounting transac-
tion processing  so that  it  is  better  controlled  while  also responsive to both
Agencywide and  program-specific needs.  Services  funded  by  this program include:
basic accounting  and  payroll  support;  accountability  throughout  the  Financial
Management System;  support to enhance the Office  of  Administration  and  Resources
Management's efforts  in  budget  execution and resource  control   at  the  allowance
level; processing of grants,  contracts,  purchase orders,  travel,  and other vouchers
and claims; and  financial  reporting  necessary to  meet  Agency fund control require-
ments.  These  resources will  also  support our  efforts  to refine Agency accounting
and financial  policies;   increase  operational  productivity  through  automation;
improve internal day-to-day  financial  service;  provide controls which permit us to
detect and  prevent  fraud,  waste,  and   abuse;  and  perform  a  full  range of cash
management reviews.


1984 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating $4,362,400  and 131.8 total workyears  for  this pro-
gram, all  of  which  is  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.   With these
resources we  are providing the  full  array of  financial  services  for  the  Agency.
This includes  the  continuation  of  our effort  to  fully automate our financial pro-
cessing to meet  the  reporting requirements  from  OMB,  Treasury,  and  the  Congress;
implementing OMB  Bulletin  83-6, wnich  requires  establishing a  policy  for   accel-
erating the processing  and deposit of  receipts;  improving  control  over disburse-
ments; and eliminating idle cash balances.  We will also fully implement an elec-
tronic fund transfer  system  to  reduce  paperwork  within   the  financial  management
area.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$150,100 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (+$150,100)  A  reprogramming  was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming  limitations.  This   change
resulted in a  net decrease of -$19,900 to  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming of  +$170,000 transferred the resources for  analy-
tical  and substantive project management from the Immediate Office of the Assistant
Administrator to the  line   operation  offices  within  the  Office  of Administration
and Resources  Management.   This  Salaries  and  Expenses reprogramming  was  included
in a reprogramming letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.
                                       MS-62
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1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, The  Agency  obligated $4,603,200  and  135.9  total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which was  for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.   In addi-
tion to routine financial  management activities, we implemented  an automated travel
information and management system which provides better management of travel funds;
an aggressive OMB  approved  cash management program; an Agencywide  client  services
program; and  continued to  monitor  audit  disallowances  to ensure  collection  of
debts due the Agency.


OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $2,514,500  supported by  58.7 total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.  This
reflects an  increase of  $286,700  for  increased  personnel and  support costs  and
no workyears  from  1984.   With  these resources, the Office  of the Comptroller will
direct EPA's  initial  planning  and  budgeting  process  for  1987  and the  budget  re-
quest for  1986.   This request  will  also  fund  resource analyses, information,  and
assistance to all  Headquarters  and Regional  management offices;  management of  the
automated  obligations  and  outlays   forecasting   system; analyses   of  selected
resource trends during the  execution  of the 1985  budget;  and continuation  of  the
implementation of  OMB Circular A-76.  These  analytical  projects will  better link
the Agency's planning, budgeting, and resources management processes.


1984 Program

     In 1984,- the—Agency  ls_al locating_J2-^22TJ8QO_and  58.7  total  workyears  to
this program, all  of which  is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  With
these funds the  Office of  the  Comptroller manages the 1986 budget  process, pro-
vides support  in  the development  of the  1985  operating  plans,  monitors  expendi-
ture of 1984  funds,  conducts resource  utilization analyses, and is  upgrading  the
Agency workload models.   These  resources  also fund  the  program  required  by  OMB
Circular A-76  which  requires  cost analysis of  commerical  and  industrial  activi-
ties to determine  if these  activities should  be  performed by  the Agency  or  the
private sector.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $2,354,800  and 55.2  total  workyears  for this
program, of which  $2,259,200 was  for  the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation  and
$95,600 for  the  Operations,  Research  and Facilities  appropriation.   With these
resources, this program managed the  initial phase  of the  1985  budget process, sup-
ported the development of  the  Agency's 1984 budget and operating plans, monitored
1983 expenditure  of  funds,  and  provided  special   analyses  of resource  issues  for
senior Agency management.


CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $9,453,900 supported  by  224.0  total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which  will be for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation,  an
increase of $955,200  and  5.0 workyears.  The increased resources will  allow us to
enhance our  contracts management  capabilities  to ensure  and  monitor  contractor
performance.
                                       MS-63
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     In the contracts area,  our request will also enable us to continue to process
and award new contracts and purchase orders; close out existing contracts; evaluate
contractor cost  proposals;  process contract  terminations and  claims;  and provide
technical review,  policy  compliance,  and  administrative oversight  and management
to the three  contracting  and  purchasing  offices in headquarters,  Cincinnati,  and
Research Triangle  Park,  North Carolina.   These resources  will  also  support  the
automated procurement  document  control  system  and  the  project  officers  train-
ing program that will  aid  in  producing  more  understandable  and  precise Requests
for Procurement  and better managed contracts.

     In the grants and other financial assistance  areas,  these funds  will  allow
us to: develop and  interpret  policy  and procedural  guidance for Agencywide assist-
ance programs; award  and administer  Headquarters grants,  cooperative agreements,
and interagency  agreements; respond to  requests  for  ad  hoc  assistance from Regions
and Federal assistance  recipients;  continue to modify,  update,  and  simplify  our
grant regulations;  increase  in-house  audit and cost  analyses;  and continue efforts
begun in  1983  to  debar  and   suspend  persons who abuse  the privileges  of Federal
assistance.  These  resources   will  also  support cost  benefit  analyses  on  grant
regulations and  data verifications for the Grants Information and  Control System.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating $8,498,700  and  219.0  total  workyears  for
this program, all   of  which   is  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   In
the contracts  area, we  expect to  award  $270,000,000  in  contracts  and process
$50,000,000 in  purchase   orders.  Our  key  objectives  are to  award  and  manage
contracts, increase  productivity  by  simplifying  the  tasks  required  to process
and administer contracts,  further automate the  procurement  system,  and  continue
our project officers training  and certification  program.

     We will continue  to streamline  the  regulations governing  Federal  assistance
to eliminate unnecessary and duplicative requirements and to reduce the information
burden our  regulations  impose  on  grantees.  We  also  are developing  guidance  for
EPA managers and  grantees on  the revised  and  simplified  regulations.   We will con-
tinue to award and administer Federal  assistance agreements  funded  by headquarters
program offices.    In addition, we will ensure  debarment  or suspension  of persons
who abuse  the  privileges  of  Federal  assistance through  waste,  poor performance,
or corrupt practices which  will  result in greater  efficiency,  program integrity,
and significant  dollar savings  to the Government.

1984 Explanation  of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$120,000 results from  the following  action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$120,000)  A  reprogramming  of  +$120,000  transferred  the
resources foranalytical  and   substantive  project  management  from  the   Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator to line operation  offices  within  the  Office
of Administration  and  Resources  Management.  This  Salaries  and  Expenses  repro-
gramming was included in  a reprogramming letter  to Congress  on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated $8,694,000 and 224.5  total workyears  for this
program, all  of   which  was  for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses  appropriation.   With
these resources,  we awarded   contract  actions  totalling  $240,000,000  and purchase
order actions  totalling $50,000,000.   We streamlined contracting procedures which
expedited contract  processing.   We continued to negotiate overhead  rates  with  EPA
contractors and   assistance  recipients  in  support of  our  own operations and  OMB
Circular A-87  (regarding  indirect  costs  for  State  and  local   governments).   We
also continued our participation  with  OMB  in  the  implementation  of the Federal
Acquisition Regulations.   In  the  Federal  assistance area,  we have  increased  the
number of  consolidated  grants;  simplified  our  grant  procedures  by  revising four
important regulations;  implemented a  debarment and   compliance program  designed to
eliminate waste,   fraud,  and  abuse;  and  assumed responsibility  for administering
interagency agreements.


                                        MS-64
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PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION SERVICES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  $7,734,200  supported  by 186.6 total  workyears  for  this
program, all of which  will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation, an in-
crease of $1,060,400 and  8.0  total  workyears.  The  increase  is  for increased per-
sonnel and program costs in the Personnel  Management Division (PMD) and the Manage-
ment and Organization Division (MOD).

     PMD will utilize this increase to enhance the Agency's existing human resource
development program by assisting managers  and employees in  their career advancement
goals and providing the Agency with  new and  qualified  personnel  for EPA's critical
program areas.  These  resources  will continue  to fund PMD's  ongoing  functions as
required by  law which  include position management,  pay  administration, personnel/
payroll processing, and recruiting.

     MOD will  maintain  its   current program   functions   of  providing  management
studies and organizational analyses.   The  increase in contract dollars will provide
analytical and managerial  studies  of Headquarters and Regional  information needs.

     The Occupational Health and Safety Staff (OHSS) will  continue to provide full
service and technical assistance to all  health and safety programs in EPA and, with
contract support,   will  implement  a   comprehensive  medical  data  records  project.


1984 Program

     The Agency is  allocating $6,673,800  and 178.6  total  workyears  for this pro-
gram, all of which is for the  Salaries  and^xpenses  appropriation.   In 1984, PMD
is implementing a  more comprehensive human resource development program by broaden-
ing training and executive development efforts, which  will  assure better workforce
planning and  utilization.   To  improve  position  management,  PMD is  developing  a
plan to  enhance control  of  such problems as general  grade  escalation.   PMD also
provides quality personnel programs  and  services that meet  statutory  and program-
matic requirements.

     MOD provides   a  central   analysis  staff  for  Agencywide  organization improve-
ment and  reform efforts.   MOD also provides analytical  support  to senior managers
on operating policies  and procedures  and administers and coordinates  all  Agency
proposals for reorganization, delegation of authority,  and  Agency forms.

     OHSS continually  upgrades Agency occupational  health  and safety programs, and
has developed specialized health and safety  procedures for the handling of hazard-
ous material.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     The net increase of +$40,000 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming. (+$40,000)  A  reprogramming of +$40,000 transferred  the re-
sources for  analytical  and  substantive   project management   from the  Immediate
Office of the Assistant  Administrator  to  line operation offices  within the Office
of Administration   and  Resources  Management.   This  Salaries  and  Expenses  repro-
gramming was included in a reprogramming letter to Congress  on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated  $7,093,600  and  183.6 total workyears  for this
program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  In addition
to providing a full range of personnel services and functions, PMD developed a plan
for a  comprehensive human  resource  development  program.   Increased  emphasis  was
placed on improving the skills, knowledge, and abilities of the EPA workforce; pro-
viding personnel  services to  the  program offices;  and making  personnel programs
available to supervisors  and  managers  for tracking and rewarding employee perform-
ance.

                                       MS-65
-------
     MOD expanded its  organizational  process  reviews  which improved program effec-
tiveness and efficiency in several Agency offices.

     In 1983, OHSS distributed  revised  medical  monitoring guidelines incorporating
both the changes in EPA missions and six years of medical monitoring program experi-
ence; generated and  graphically displayed EPA's up-to-date illness  and  injury re-
ports; eliminated incorrect  claims from the  Workmen's  Compensation  Statement; and
developed a number of innovative safety training programs for EPA.


FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $6,440,700  supported  by 190.0  total  workyears  for this
program, all  of which  will   be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  an
increase of $604,800  and  no  workyears to cover  anticipated  increases  in personnel
and support costs.   With  these  resources  we will:   provide nationwide policy guid-
ance and technical assistance  in  the  fields  of telecommunications,  mail  account-
ability, property and supply management, printing  procurement  and production, and
physical and  document security;  administer  the Agency's  Nationwide Support  and
headquarters Support  budgets;  manage  the  Buildings  and  Facilities  program;  pro-
vide facilities  engineering  and real  estate  expertise to  all  EPA  programs;  pro-
vide operational  support  and housekeeping  services  at EPA facilities  located  in
Washington, Cincinnati, and  Research  Triangle Park, North  Carolina  (RTP); monitor
and direct  contractor resources  under support  contracts; and  provide  management
direction for  the Office of  Information  Resources  Management, the  Offices  of
Administration at Cincinnati   and RTP, and the Facilities Divisions at headquarters,
RTP, and  Cincinnati.  In 1985,  we  will   continue  the  same  service  levels  for
these functions as in 1984.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  $5,835,900  and  190.0  total workyears  to
this program, all of  which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  We are
continuing many  initiatives  begun in  1982  and  1983,  particularly in the  areas  of
cost containment,  user  accountability,  increased  reliance  on  contractors  for
actual service  delivery,  and more  effective and  efficient   office and  building
services.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$199,400 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (+$199,400) Several  reprogrammings  were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.  These
changes resulted in a net increase of +$119,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.

     Another reprogramming of  +$80,000  transferred the  resources  for  analytical
and substantive  project  management  from  the Immediate  Office  of  the  Assistant
Administrator to line operation  offices  within the  Office of  Administration  and
Resources Management.  This   Salaries  and  Expenses  reprogramming was  included  in
a reprogramming letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated  $6,045,700  and 191.3  total   workyears  to this
program, all of  which was for  the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   In 1983
we prepared a  space   plan  to direct  the  realignment of  Agency  space holdings  in
conformance with  GSA  space   utilization  guidelines,  improved  working  conditions
at Waterside Mall,  enhanced  headquarters  security,  continued  major  cost-cutting
efforts while  maintaining service  levels  in  several   areas,   and  maximized  the
utilization of contractor  resources  through improved contract  and project manage-
ment.


                                      MS-66
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $5,974,400  supported  by 129.9 total  workyears  for  this
program, all  of which  will  be  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,   an
increase of  $699,800  and  5.0   workyears  for  the Agency's  information  resources
management program.  Our  central  automated data  processing  (ADP)  management  group
sets Agencywide  ADP  policy; assists EPA  programs in  developing  and  maintaining
computerized information systems; operates the Agency's timesharing computer center
at Research  Triangle  Park, North  Carolina  (RTP); and  coordinates Agencywide  ADP
services to assure more effective,  efficient,  and responsible use of  our ADP  ser-
vices.  These  resources  will enable us to manage EPA's data  center  facility  in
RTP, maintain  a financing mechanism and  accounting  methodology for  central  time-
sharing service, develop Agencywide information management  policies and procedures,
and maintain data  standards  which ensure the  data integrity which is  critical  to
EPA's mission and program  objectives.   In  1985, we will address three  new activi-
ties essential  to  the  cost-effective   ADP  support of  EPA  programs  and  Regions:
the modernization  of  the  distributed  processing  network that  serves  EPA Regions
and laboratories, the  integration of  EPA's  major administrative  systems  under  a
single data base management system, and the operation  of an  in-house Agency payroll
system.

     Also included within  this  program are traditional library  functions,  such  as
reference and  referral  services, and  administrative  support for  the  libraries  in
headquarters, RTP,  and  Cincinnati,  as  well  as  guidance  and  management  for  the
entire Agency library system.   We  are  also  expanding  the EPA Information Clearing-
house (which  coordinates  all Agency environmental data bases)  to  include informa-
tion on  grants  and  contracts  to  assist  Agency  managers  in avoiding  duplicative
efforts and to  facilitate the use  of alneady. avaiTable  data  by  EPA researchers and
analysts-.  The-P4jM4€-Ingtmy-Center, which responds to over  50,000  public inquiries
annually, and the records  management function  are also funded  under  this program.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency   is allocating $5,274,600 and  124.9  total  workyears  for
this program, all of  which is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.  These
resources support ADP  activities  including  managing  EPA's data  center  facility
and maintaining  those  systems   which are  essential  to the  Agency's  mission.   We
provide ADP planning and system design  assistance  to program offices,  focusing our
resources toward high  priority   systems.   We  are beginning to  address  data  base
applications and the distributed  processing network (Regional  and  laboratory  mini-
computers and  telecommunications)  throughout  the Agency,  and  to strengthen  our
management of EPA's ADP resources.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$293,000 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$293,000)   A reprogramming  of  +$293,000  transferred  the
resources for  analytical   and  substantive  project management  from the  Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator  to  line operation offices within the Office
of Administration  and  Resources  Management.   This  Salaries  and  Expenses  repro-
gramming, was  included  in  a reprogramming  letter to  Congress on  September  29,
1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $5,079,800  and 126.3  total  workyears  for  this
program, all of which  was  for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation, to support
centralized information management  activities  for the Agency.   We emphasized  par-
ticularly the improved  compatibility and  efficiency  of EPA's automated systems and
the development of a prototype office automation system.
                                      MS-67
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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
      Regional  Management	    MS-69
          Resource Management - Regions	    MS-72
          Financial  Management - Regions	    MS-73
          Personnel  Management - Regions	    MS-74
          Administrative Management - Regions	    MS-75
          Regional Management	    MS-76
          Regional Counsel	    MS-77
          Planning,  Evaluation & Analysis - Regions	    MS-78
                                      MS-68
-------






























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MS-71
-------
                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                Regional Management
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a  total  of  $27,676,500 from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation supported by 739.4 total workyears  in 1985, an increase of $1,708,800
and 5.0 total workyears from 1984.  The increase will primarily support full imple-
mentation of internal  control  systems  in the Regions,  implementation  of Reform 88
initiatives, and support a larger Regional workforce.

Program Description

     This program contains the following program elements:

     Resource Management - Regions ~  This  program element provides  resources to
develop Regional budgets  and  operating plans,  participate in the workload analysis
process, manage  current  year  resources and enhance resource management and control
in the Regions.

     Financial  Management - Regions —  This  program  element  provides  financial
accounting and reporting services for the Regional offices.

     Personnel  Management - Regions -- These resources provide basic personnel  ser-
vices, including staffing,  classification, and training,  to  the Regional offices.

     Administrative Management - Regions -- This group of activities includes mini-
computer systems management, library  support,  safety,  security, printing and copy-
ing, facilities  management,  small purchases,  and other  administrative functions.

     Regional Management --  This  unit   includes  the  Regional   Administrators  and
their immediate  staffs,  as  well  as the  basic  staff  functions  of civil  rights.

     Regional Counsel ~ The ten  offices of  Regional  Counsel   assist  the Regional
Administrators in  ensuring  that their  decisions are  legally  defensible and  con-
sistent with national  legal  interpretations.   They  represent the  Regional  office
in defensive fitigation  activities;  review Regional  rulemakings; assist  States in
obtaining delegation  of  programs;  and support  the Regional  enforcement litigation
program.

     Planning, Evaluation, and Analysis -  Regions  —   Resources in  this  program
element provide  analytical  support to  the Regional  Administrators to  assure  the
efficient and  effective  operation  of EPA  Regions.   Activities  include planning,
accountability reporting, program  evaluation,  economic   analysis,  management,  and
Regional participation in EPA's regulatory process.


RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests $1,636,200  supported by  42.5  total  workyears  for  this
program, all  of which  will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation,  an
increase of $3,600  and a decrease of 2.6 total  workyears  from  1984, resulting  from
increased efficiency.  The request provides resources  for our  Regional  Administra-
tors to develop  Regional  budgets  and  operating plans, participate  in  the workload
analysis process, manage current year expenditures, and enhance resource management
and control  in the  Regional  offices.
                                      MS-72
-------
1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating  $1,632,600 and  45.1  total  workyears  to
this program, all of  which  is for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  These
resources are being used  to conduct  the budgeting and  resource  analysis  functions
in the  ten  Regional  offices.  These  resources allow  Regional Administrators  to
effectively and efficiently manage their  Regions by providing  sound  analysis  con-
cerning resource management  and  to  upgrade  resource  reporting  in  our  Regional
offices.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     The net increase of +$96,300 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.   (+$96,300) Several  reprogrammings were  made  to  this activity
which were  not  reportable  under  the  Congressional   reprogramming   limitations.
These changes resulted in  a net increase of +$96,300 to the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  resources  for these activities  under  the Plan-
ning, Evaluation,  and  Analysis  Program   Element.   These  resources  allowed  the
Regional Administrators to participate  in  the 1985 budget  and  1984 operating  plan
processes for our Regional offices  and to effectively  and  efficiently  manage  1983
expenditures.


FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $2,687,100  supported   by  92.6 total  workyears  for  this
program, all  of which  will   be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,  an
increase of $271,500  and  3.0  total  workyears.   This   increase  will  support  full
implementation of internal control  systems in  our  Regional  offices  and  allow for
implementation of Reform  88.   At this level  of funding, Regional  finance offices
will also provide basic services and maintain ongoing and routine financial manage-
ment functions,  which  include   maintaining  GAO-approved  accounting  and  internal
control systems, processing obligation transactions  and voucher payments, conduct-
ing payroll  activities,  preparing billings and processing collections,  providing
monthly fund  control  reports, and processing  and paying  claims for  travel.   The
Agency will   also continue  efforts  to  fully  automate our  financial  management
process and to  strengthen our cash and credit management,  internal  control initia-
tives, and data integrity and  quality assurance.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating $2,415,600  and  89.6 total workyears to this
program, all  of  which is  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.   With these
resources, the  Regional  finance offices  are  providing all basic  accounting,  pay-
ment processing,  and  payroll   support  activities  and  will  increase emphasis  on
audit coordination  and  follow-up  activities.   This includes  tracking  all  audit
exceptions from point of  issue  to  final  resolution.  The Agency is also continuing
efforts to detect abuse  of Federal  funds; to  strengthen our  credit  management to
ensure timely  and economical  collection  of  all monies owed  EPA;  and to implement
an Agencywide  data  integrity  assurance  program to  provide timely,  complete,  and
accurate financial reports.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$266,400 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$266,400) A  reprogramming  was  made to this activity which
was not  reportable  under  the  Congressional reprogramming limitations.  This change
resulted in a  net increase  of +$15,000 to the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

                                      MS-73
-------
     An additional reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars  into the  Regional  Support program element.  The reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling  -$281,400, was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  $2,233,600 and 87.9  total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which   was  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.   With
these resources,  Regional   finance  offices  strengthened  the  automated  financial
control systems   and  implemented  an  internal  control   system to  improve  EPA's
defense against  the  misuse  of Federal  resources.  The  Agency also  ensured that
billing and  collection  activities met  the  President's commitment to  cash manage-
ment.  Other  activities  supported by  this program  included  payroll  and  fiscal
support services, timely collection  of  monies  owed EPA, data integrity and quality
assurance programs, and  timely and accurate financial reports  to  support Regional
management.


PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests $3,152,600  supported by 95.9 total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation,  an
increase of  $268,900 and  2.0 total  workyears.   This  increase  in  dollars  and
workyears will  provide personnel  resources  necessary to support  a larger regional
workforce.  This  request will  enable the  Regional  Personnel  offices to effectively
respond to  requests  for  staffing and  recruitment actions,  payroll  and  personnel
actions, and  training  requests.   In  1985,  utilizing  the  resources  from  this  re-
quest, the  Regional  Personnel  offices  will  fully  implement  the  Regional employee
relations programs,  conduct  special  studies  to   support  effective  management  of
the Regional  workforce,  maintain  the Performance  Management System,  conduct non-
discretionary labor  relations  activities,  and  provide timely and  reliable person-
nel management  services.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is   allocating  $2,883,700 and 93.9  total  workyears  for
this program,"all  of which  is for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  The
Regional Personnel offices  are providing a  full   range  of ongoing  personnel  ser-
vices as described  above to meet  statutory requirements.  The  Regional  Personnel
offices are  also providing  Regional  managers  with management and  organizational
analyses to support the Regions'  missions and programs.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$166,000 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$166,000)  A  reprogramming  was  made  to  this  activity
which was not  reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This
change resulted  in a  net increase of +$14,000 to  the  Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the  Regional  Support program element.  The reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling  -$180,000,  was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.
                                       MS-74
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated  $2,920,800  and 99.9  total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which  was  for  the  Salaries   and   Expenses  appropriation.   The
Regional Personnel  offices  provided  quality personnel management  services as well
as Region-specific  management  and organizational assistance to  Regional  managers.
The offices  conducted position management  studies,  organizational  analyses,  and
training programs to  assist  managers in optimizing personnel  resources.   Regional
Personnel offices also assisted the  headquarters  personnel  policy  office  in refin-
ing the Performance Management  System and Merit  Pay  Program  required  by  the Civil
Service Reform Act, and  maintained  the Federal  Equal  Opportunity  Recruitment Pro-
gram.


ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

    The Agency  requests  $5,550,900  supported  by 170.9  total  workyears   for this
program, all  of which  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation,  an
increase of $367,500  for increased  personnel and support  costs and no  change  in
total workyears.  The resources in  this  program element  provide  a  wide  range  of
administrative services  to  support  day-to-day Regional operations,  and to provide
information management   support  such  as   systems design,  development,  planning,
and evaluation.  With this  funding,  the Regions  will provide current  services  in
health and  safety,  information management,  and  small purchase  and  contract  and
procurement liaison.  Regional  automated data processing  (ADP)  groups  will effec-
tively plan for and manage their  computer and word  processing  services,  as well  as
provide reliable,  responsive  technical  assistance  to   end-users.   In  addition,
while the costs associated with the  ADP modernization of  the  Regional  network will
be funded by  headquarters, Regional  ADP personnel will make most  of the  necessary
equipment installations  and  software modifications and implement  the  new hardware
process in their  own  Regions.   Regional Safety Officers  will continue to conduct
strong health and safety programs  to minimize risks to EPA personnel.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is allocating $5,183,400  and 170.9 total  workyears,  all
of which  is  for  the  Salaries and   Expenses  appropriation,  to  provide  Regional
administrative support.  These  funds are  providing   ongoing  operational  support
such as  safety  and  security, property  management and supply, general  office ser-
vices, libraries, small  purchase  and contract and procurement  liaison,  and program
management.  In addition,  resources  are  being  used  to  manage  Regional  computer
centers, provide assistance  to  State  and  local  agencies and EPA  personnel  in  all
ADP and  word processing matters,  prepare and  install   new  system software  and
hardware, and offer in-house training for new systems users.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$452,500 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$452,500) Several  reprogrammings  were made to this acti-
vity which  were  not reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.
These changes resulted in  a  net increase of  +$45,000 to  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     An additional  reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific  "support"
type expense dollars  into the Regional  Support  program element.  The reprogramming
to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling  -$497,500,  was  included  in  a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29,  1983.
                                       MS-75
-------
1983 Accomplishments

   In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated $5,024,000  and 175.5 total  workyears  for this
program, all of  which  was for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.  This pro-
vided a wide range of  administrative services  to  all  Regional  programs,  includ-
ing: acquisition  and  management  of  equipment,  supplies,  and  services; management
of Regional  ADP  resources;  and  provision  of  library systems and services.  As part
of the Agency's  commitment  to provide the highest possible level  of administrative
services, the  Regions  maintained  administrative  information  systems and  mini-
computer operations to  ensure effective  ADP  operational support  for Regional pro-
grams; provided  administrative  direction for  support  activities  and  services;
maintained Regional  library  operations,,  and  managed   word  processing  equipment
and ADP  systems  acquisitions.   The  Regions  also  coordinated  Regional  records
management,  directed  contracting  and purchasing  activities,  ensured   safety  and
security in the Regions, and managed property and supplies.
                                         i

REGIONAL MANAGEMENT                      j

1985 Program Request                     |

    The Agency requests  a total  of  $8,744,000 supported  by 198.2  total  workyears
for this program,  all   of which  is  for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of  $312,400 for  personnel  costs and  no  change  in
total workyears.   The  budget  request will enable the program  to  continue to shape
and articulate policy  for State  and  local  governments,  respond to inquiries from
Congress, the  news media  and  the  public,  establish  regular  communications with
public interest, environmental,  and  business groups, and maintain Equal Employment
and Freedom  of Information programs.

1984 Program                             '

    In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating a  total of $8,431,600  and  198.2  total  work-
years to this  function,  all  of which is  for  the Salaries  and Expenses appropri-
ation.  Basic press services-and-media-relations-activities are- being maintained-as
well as policy  guidance and  executive direction for the  Region  as  a  whole.  The
program will  continue  the  processing of  Freedom  of  Information  (FOI)  requests,
issuing critical  news releases, maintaining a  regional Equal Employment Opportunity
program, responding to  Congressional  inquiries, and coordinating  EPA  involvement
in major State environmental  issues.
          ^

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$473,200 results from  the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$473,200) Several reprogrammings  were  made to  this activ-
ity which  were  not reportable  under  the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.
These changes resulted  in  a net decrease  of -$62,100 to the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  Support program  element.  The reprogramming
to Salaries  and  Expenses,  totaling  -$411,100,   was  included  in   a  reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

    In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $8,814,000 and  217.9  total  workyears, all  of
which was  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   This  program  provided
support for the Regional  Administrators and  their immediate  staffs, as  well  as  for
the basic  staff  functions  of  public affairs,  Congressional,  intergovernmental
activities, and the equal employment opportunity function.
                                     MS-76
-------
REGIONAL COUNSEL

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $3,495,800 supported by  78.2  total  workyears,
all of  which  is  for  the   Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  and reflects  an
increase of  $249,500  and no  change  in total  workyears.  The  increase  represents
additional personnel and operating support.

     The 1985  Regional  program will  provide  legal  advice  and  consultation  to
Regional programs  and  will   act  as  lead  EPA  attorneys  on  defensive  litigation
involving principally  Regional  issues.   Other  major activities  include  reviewing
State legal  authorities  and  advising  States in program  assumption matters related
to the Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act  (RCRA)  and other statutes;  providing
support to the construction  grants program;  and assisting States in making changes
in statutes  and  regulations  resulting  from amendments  to  environmental  statutes.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating a total of $3,246,300  and  78.2 total  work-
years to this program, all  of which is for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
Regional program includes assistance  in  furthering  the assumption  of environmental
protection programs by States by providing advice and assistance to State agencies.
In the  construction  grants  area,  the Regional  Counsels  handle administrative pro-
ceedings such  as  bid  protests  and  grant  appeals.   It  also advises on  problems
arising from outstanding grants.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$20,600 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$20,600)  Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were  not  reportable  under  the  Congressional   reprogramming  limitations.
These changes resulted  in  a net decrease of -$20,600  to the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a  total  of  $3,198,400 and  75.3  total  workyears,
all of which was for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   In 1983, the Regional
Counsel  program supported  Agency  priorities by  providing  legal  advice   and  sup-
port to Regional managers  and defending  the Agency  in litigation filed against it.
They also  advised  on  actions  such  as  grants,  contracts,  and  personnel  actions.
Additionally, Regional  Counsel  activities included  advising  State agencies  on the
legal requirements  for  assuming  environmental  protection  programs,  assisting  in
drafting appropriate  regulatory language,  and  helping  negotiate  and document the
terms of delegation agreements.


PLANNING. EVALUATION. AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests $2,409.900  supported by  61.1  total  workyears  for this
program, all  of  which will  be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.   This
represents an increase  of  $235,400  and 2.6 workyears.   In  1985, this request will
provide the  Regional   Administrators  with  the resources  necessary  to  carry  out
essential Regional  planning, evaluation,  and  analysis  activities.  The  Regions
will concentrate on  managing for  environmental  results; improving the annual  plan-
ning process  and  utilizing  environmental   objectives  in   the  planning  process;
refining accountability  systems;  analyzing  weaknesses   in  the  Agency's  monitoring
programs; improving monitoring  data; developing monitoring  strategies; and regula-
tory reform.
                                       MS-77
-------
 1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating a total  of  $2,174,500  and 58.5 total work-
 years to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
 These resources allow  the Regions to execute  essential  Regional  planning, program
 evaluation, and analytic  activities.   The Regions  are placing  special emphasis on
 accountability systems,  process  streamlining,   regulatory  reform, management  for
 environmental results, and  shifting  Regional  programs from an implementation to an
 oversight role.   Specific examples  include:   linking accountability  systems with
 performance standards, tracking of Regional  and  State activities, and implementing
 EPA oversight policy.

 1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$324,700 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$324,700) Several  reprogrammings were made  to  this acti-
 vity which were  not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming limitations.
 These changes resulted in  a  net decrease of -$36,300 to  the Salaries  and Expenses
 appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific "support"
 type expenses dollars  into the Regional  Support program element.  The  reprogram-
ming to Salaries and Expenses,  totaling  -$288,400,  was  included  in a  reprogramming
 letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


 1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $3,434,300 and  94.3 total  workyears
 for this program,  all  of which  was  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation,
 to conduct the planning,  evaluation,  analysis,  and  budgeting functions  in  the  ten
Regional  offices.   (In 1984, the  resources  to support the  budget activities  were
transferred to the Resources  Management program  element  under the purview  of  the
Office of Administration  and  Resource Management.)  These  resources  reflected  the
 increased importance  of   the  budget  execution  and  control   functions,  plus  the
Regional  component of  the  Agencywide  initiative  to implement measures for  regula-
tory reform and to institute management for  environmental  results.  These resources
allowed Regional  Administrators to effectively and efficiently  manage  their Regions
by providing  sound analyses of  Regional  policy,  processes, and  resource management.
                                     MS-78
-------
                                         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                               1985 Budget Estimate

                                                Table of Contents
                                                                                              PAGE

               MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT                                                           MS-1

                  SUPPORT COSTS
                     Support Costs	     MS-80
                         Professional Training	     MS-82
                         Nationwide  Support Services	     MS-83
                         Headquarters Support Services	     MS-84
                         Regional Support Services	     MS-84
                         Automated Data Processing Support Costs	     MS-85
                         Lab Support - Research & Development	     MS-86
                         Lab Support - Air & Radiation	     MS-86
                         Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	     MS-87
i
                                                     MS-79
-------





































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                                                            MS-81
-------
                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT

                                   Support Costs
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $138,086,100,  all  of which  will  be  for  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation,  for  support  services  in  1985,  an  increase
of $16,712,200  from  1984.   This  increase  will  cover  general  support  increases
associated with  a  growing Agency  workforce, as  well  as  rising  rent,  telephone,
and utility costs.

Program Description

     The Agency  Support  Service component  provides funds  for general  support  to
all Agency  programs  except  Superfund.   Programs  under  support  services  are:

     Professional Training -- This  component provides funds for Agencywide training
programs includingexecutive  and  supervisory  training  and   development  programs
mandated by the  Office  of Personnel  Management,  the Civil Service  Reform  Act,  or
specific EPA needs.

     Nationwide Support Services ~ Agencywide  costs include  the  following  support
functions:facilitiesrentaland  associated  costs;  payments  to  the  U.S.  Postal
Service; Federal Telecommunications  Service  (FTS);  nationwide protective services;
reimbursements to the Federal  Employees Compensation Fund; payments  to  the Public
Health Service for personnel and administrative services  for  commissioned  officers
assisgned to  EPA;  and  contracts  and   intergovernmental  agreements   which  support
EPA's occupational   health  and  safety  program  and  finance  and  payroll  systems.

     Headquarters Support Services  — This  program  funds  local  office,  building,
and information  management  service  costs  for  headquarters and  the  field  offices
at Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.

     Regional  Support Services — This  component  funds local  office,  building,  and
information management service costs  for Regional  offices.

     Automated Data Processing Support Costs —  This program  funds timesharing  and
related data processing  services provided to  all  Agency programs  through contracts
with commercial suppliers and in-house computer facilities.

     Lab Support - Research and Development —  This provides  resources for  basic
facilities, operations,  and  maintenance for  Office of Research  and Development's
seven laboratories (those  located  outside Cincinnati  and  Research Triangle Park).
These costs are not  covered  by  the   Headquarters  Support  account, which  funds
similar items in headquarters, Cincinnati, and RTP.

     Lab Support - Air and Radiation— This  provides  funds  for  basic  facilities
and maintenance  to  support  the Motor  Vehicle Emissions  Laboratory, the  Eastern
Environmental  Radiation Facility, and the Las Vegas facility.

     Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances — This  covers  basic facilities
and operations and maintenance  costs for the laboratories  in Beltsville,  Maryland
and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.


PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  is  requesting  $500,000 for  this program, all  of  which  will  be
for the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation,  a  decrease  of $7,600  from 1984.  This
request maintains  current  training  and  development programs  mandated either  by
statute, the Office of Personnel Management (0PM), or identified as specific Agency
workforce needs.   Our comprehensive  human  resources development  program,  serving
headquarters, the Regions, and  EPA's laboratory network,  will  enable the Agency's
workforce to adapt to changing environmental programs and problems.  These training
efforts will enhance  the Agency's scientific and  technical  expertise,  management
effectiveness, and clerical support.
                                        MS-82
-------
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating $507,600  for  professional  training activi-
ties, all  of which  is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   These  funds
are being  utilized  to strengthen  and  expand  the skills,  knowledge,  and abilities
of EPA employees  in headquarters,  laboratories,  and  Regional  offices.  This train-
ing effort  features  several   on-going  programs:  secretary/clerical  development,
executive development,  supervisory/management  development, and technical  and  gen-
eral workforce  development.   These programs   and  those  mandated  by  the  Civil
Service Reform  Act  and  0PM  ensure that  EPA  has the requisite skills  within  its
workforce to continually accomplish its statutorily mandated mission.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  $415,800, all  of  which  was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation to  provide  professional training  courses  for EPA employees.
These funds  were  utilized  to  revise the  Agency's training policies and to develop
and implement several training initiatives:  the Senior Executive Service Candidate
Program, performance  appraisal  skill  workshops,  and  the  career counseling center.
Professional training  funds  were  also  utilized to  conduct  a  thorough  training
needs assessment.


NATIONWIDE SUPPORT  SERVICES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $53,571,600  for this program,  all  of  which
will be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  an increase  of $5,536,000
over 1984.   The  increase  from 1984 is attributable to  increased  FTS costs associ-
ated with  expanded  usage,  increased space rental costs  and  requirements to accom-
modate a growing  Agency  workforce, and increased payroll  and  finance system costs
related to the greater use of  these systems.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is   allocating  $48,035,600,  all  of which  is  under  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  for  Nationwide  Support  Services.   The  cost
containment  efforts begun  in  1982 and 1983 in the areas  of space, mail, and tele-
communications will  be expanded and updated in 1984.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$183,400  results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (-$183,400) A  reprogramming  was made to this  activity  which
was not  reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.  This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$183,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $43,860,500  for  this   program,   of  which
$43,830,800 was  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $29,700  for  the
Operations, Research,   and  Facilities  appropriation,  which  provided support  ser-
vices to all Agency programs.   We  implemented  the following  cost-cutting  measures
in 1983:   (1)  space  consolidation at  headquarters and in the  field  in accordance
with GSA space  utilization guidelines, (2)   new mail  accountability  equipment  to
monitor and control  postage costs, and (3) additional  telephone user accountability
equipment to further reduce our long distance bills.
                                      MS-83
-------
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $31,779,500  for  this program,  all  of  which
will be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase  of  $5,046,300
from 1984.   The   increase  over  1984  relates  to  several   factors:   (1)  increased
telecommunications and  utility  costs;   (2)  increased  ADP  support  requirements;
and (3)  general   support  increases  associated  with  a  growing  Agency  workforce.
The resources  in  this component fund  office and  building,  AOP, and  library  ser-
vices at Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina,  and  Cincinnati:


1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency  is  allocating $26,733,200,  all  of  which is  for  the
Salaries and  Expenses appropriation,  to fund  headquarters  support  costs.   This
provides resources to  continue basic office, building,  and  information  management
services at  EPA   headquarters,  RTP,   and  Cincinnati.   Although  we   will  continue
and expand  our cost   reduction  programs in 1984,  higher workforce levels  will
cause a slight increase in headquarters support costs from  1983 levels.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     The net increase of +$34,000 results from  the following action:

     - Reprogramming.  (+$34,000) a  reprogramming  was  made to this  activity which
was not reportable under  the  Congressional   reprogramming  limitations.   The  change
resulted in a  net  increase of  +$34,000 to the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated $25,275,800,  all  of which was  for the Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation,  for Headquarters Support  Services.   We  undertook the
following initiatives  in  1983:  (1)  enhanced headquarters  security,  (2)  improved
the condition of  Waterside Mall,  (3) developed a  plan  for headquarters  space, and
(4) provided  nationwide policy guidance  and technical  assistance  in  the areas  of
telecommunications equipment procurement,  security management,  and  property  con-
trol.


REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES

198b Program Request

     The Agency requests  $20,569,700 for this program,  all of  which will  be for
the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation, an increase  of $1,311,600  from 1984.  The
increase from  1984 anticipates  telecommunications and  utilities  rate  increases,
an enhanced Regional  effort  in the  area  of  computer services, and  general  support
increases concomitant  with  an  expanded  Regional  workforce.   The  request  will
provide basic support services to the ten Regional offices.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating $19,258,100,  all of which  is for the Sala-
ries and  Expenses appropriation.  In  1984, the Office  of Administration  and Re-
sources Management initiated a consolidation of  all non-program specific Regional
expense dollars (except Personnel  Compensation and Benefits and travel) under the
Regional Support  Services  program  element.  This  funding  consolidation  allows
Regions to  centrally  manage  their   expenses   in a  more  cost-effective  manner.
                                     HS-84
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$6,827,700 results from the following actions:

     - Reprogramming.   (+$6,827,700)  Several   reprogrammings   were  made  to  this
activity which  were  not reportable  under the  Congressional  reprogramming limita-
tions.  These changes  resulted  in a net  increase of  +$188,900  to the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.

     An additional reprogramming was made moving all non-program specific "support"
type expense dollars into the Regional  Support program  element.  The reprogramming
to Salaries  and Expenses,  totaling  +$6,638,800, was  included  in a reprogramming
letter to Congress on September 29, 1983.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $14,526,200, all of which was for  the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, to  provide basic support services  to the  ten Regional
offices.


AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests $23,700,000  for this  program,  all of  which  will  be for
the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation, an  increase of $3,900,900 from 1984, to
support the  operations  of  the  Agency's National Computer Center  (NCC)  at Research
Triangle Park (RTF), North  Carolina.   Our  1985 request is based  upon  our projec-
tions of a  significant increase  in  the demand for automated data processing  ser-
vice in 1984 and 1985.   While  the overall increase in  services  will decrease  unit
prices, the  larger demand  means that the total  cost  for services will  be higher.

     This program funds central rzed-timeshare  services  for all  EPA programs and is
vital to the operation and  maintenance  of  our data  systems  {including  national
environmental data  bases  and  Agencywide management  and administrative  systems).
It is, therefore, inextricably tied to the attainment of EPA's environmental goals.
These funds  provide  hardware  and  software  equipment  rental, maintenance require-
ments, and  the  contractor support  necessary  to  operate the   National  Computer
Center in RTP.   The  NCC operates  and manages the central  computer facility in  RTP;
the Washington  Distribution Center,  a  user service in  Headquarters; and  a nation-
wide telecommunications network.

     In 1985,  we will   complete the  modernization  of  EPA's mainframe  computers,
telecommunications network,  and the  interactive software  necessary  to make our
central data bases accessible and  useful  to  national,  Regional, and  State environ-
mental program managers.  Critical national  systems, including the new air monitor-
ing and compliance  tracking  system, the water  enforcement  and  needs  survey  sys-
tems, and the  initiative  to  integrate  EPA's  administrative systems,  were  all de-
signed assuming  modernized facilities  and networks.  Funding this modernization is
necessary to preclude  the  redesign  of significant  aspects  of  these  new systems.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating $19,799,100, all of which  is for the Sala-
ries and  Expenses  appropriation,  to   provide  ADP timesharing   services  to  all
Agency programs  exclusive  of  the  Superfund  program.   In  1984,  the  NCC  is  imple-
menting facility management  innovations  such  as consolidating  the  UNIVAC  and IBM
operations  into  a  single location, thus  reducing the costs  of  telecommunications,
increasing  productivity, and allowing a more optimal use  of  resources.  The NCC is
emphasizing the  use  of  standard vendor supplied software with  reduced maintenance
requirements; capitalized leased disk  subsystems, which  provide  continuing  savings
over the life of the system; and  user assistance  to reduce failure and  downtime.
                                      MS-85
-------
1984 Explanation of Changes from Budget Estimate

     The net increase of +$235,100 results from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (+$235,100) Several  reprogrammings  were made to this  acti-
vity which were  not  reportable under the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase  of +$235,100  to the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated $18,024,100,  all  of which was  for  the  Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation,  to  provide  ADP  services  to  all   Agency   programs
exclusive of Superfund in  1983.   We  improved  our timeshare  tracking and  reporting
practices, enabling EPA timeshare users  to  better plan and  manage  their  automated
data processing activities.


LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND  DEVELOPMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $5,535,400  for  this  program, all  of  which
will be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase
of $825,000  resulting  from the dramatic  cost  increases  that have  occurred  in  the
Office of Research and Development's  remote laboratories over the  past few  years.
The funds  will  provide  for essential  services  required to operate  and  maintain
ORD's seven  remote  laboratories located  in Athens,  Georgia;  Ada, Oklahoma;  Cor-
vallis, Oregon;    Duluth,   Minnesota;   Narragansett,  Rhode  Island;  Gulf  Breeze,
Florida; and  Las Vegas, Nevada.   The  services  include,  but are  not limited  to
facilities operation and maintenance,  janitorial  and  guard services,  local  tele-
phone  services,  utilities,   mechanical   equipment   operations,  maintenance,  and
rental  costs.


1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a  total  of  $4,710,400 for this  program,  all
of which  is  for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation to provide for the  essen-
tial services required to operate and maintain ORD's  remote laboratories.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a total  of $5,046,000  for this  program,  all  of
which was for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This provided  funding  for
the operations and maintenance of ORD's remote laboratories.


LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of  $2,178,500 for  this  program,  all   of  which is
for the  Salaries  and  Expenses   appropriation.   This   represents   no  change  from
1984.  This  program  supports  the  Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL)  in  Ann
Arbor, Michigan; the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery,
Alabama; and the Las Vegas   radiation  laboratory in Nevada.  These funds provide for
the basic  facilities  operations  and maintenance  costs necessary to  support these
laboratories.  Support provided  consists of  security, janitorial  and maintenance
services, utilities,  GSA  vehicles,   supplies  and materials,  and  communications.
                                      MS-86
-------
1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agdncy  is  allocating $2,178,500, all  of  which is for  the  Sala-
ries and  Expenses  appropriation  to  support  these  three  laboratories.   The  1984
program is  providing  the  same  types  of  activities described  for  1985,  as  these
services, basic  laboratory  operations, maintenance and supplies  are   required  on
a continuing basis.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments                     ;

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated $1,967,800 for  this  program,  all  of  which  was
for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation in  support of the MVEL,  the EERF  and
the Las Vegas Facility.   These  funds provided the  basic facilities  operations  and
maintenance costs necessary to operate these laboratories.


LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

1985 Program Request                     !

     In 1985, the Agency  requests  $251,400,  all  of which will  be  for  the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation,  an  increase of  $100,000  to cover more intensive  use
of facilities for  activity  related  to pesticides.  These  funds  will  be  used  for
basic facilities  and   operations  and  maintenance   costs  for  the laboratories  in
Beltsville, Maryland  and  Bay  St.  Louis,  Mississippi.   These  costs  include  utili-
ties, security, communications, warehousing,  custodial  services and  building main-
tenance.
1984 Program        ~      ~

     In 1984, the Agency  is  allocating $151,400 for this program, all  of  which  is
for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.   The  1984 program  supports  the  same
type of activities as in 1985.


1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.


1983 Accomplishments

     The Agency obligated  $134,000  for this  program,  all  of  which  was   for  the
Salaries and Expenses  appropriation  for continuing  requirements  for  general  sup-
port and maintenance.
                                       MS-87
-------
-------
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

SUPERFUND                                                                     SF-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Substances Research	    SF-9
    ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement	    SF-21
          Hazardous Substance Technical  Support - Office of Enforcement
             8 Compliance Monitoring	    SF-24
          Hazardous Substance Technical  Enforcement	    SF-24
          Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement	    SF-26
    MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Management & Support	    SF-29
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management - Headquarters	    SF-36
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management - Regions	    SF-36
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters....    SF-37
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions	    SF-38
          Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters	    SF-39
          Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions	    SF-39
          Hazardous Substance Computer Services^	    SF-40
          Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters	    SF-40
          Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions	    SF-41
          Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General	    SF-42
          Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation...    SF-43
          Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller	    SF-43
          Hazardous Substance - Office of Research & Development -
              Lab Support	    SF-44
    HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
       Hazardous Substance Response - EPA	    SF-46
          Hazardous Spill  & Site Response	    SF-48
          Assessing S Replacing Natural  Resources	    SF-51
          Multi -medi a Support	    SF-52
       Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	    SF-53
          Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)	    SF-56
          United States Coast Guard (USCG)	    SF-57
          Department of Justice (DOJ)	    SF-57
          Federal  Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)	    SF-58
          FEMA - Relocation	    SF-58
          National  Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)	    SF-58
          Department of Interior (DOI)	    SF-58
          Occupational  Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) -
             Headqua rters	    SF-5 9
       Hazardous Waste Site Inventory	    SF-61
                                       SF-1
-------
































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-------
                                   SUPERFUND


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation,  and  Liability  Act
(CERCLA) of 1980  (commonly known  as  "Superfund") charged the EPA with  the  respon-
sibility for providing  emergency  response  for  hazardous  substances released  into
the environment and  the cleanup  of  inactive hazardous waste  disposal  sites.   In
1985, the major  emphasis  of the  Superfund program will  be to stabilize  imminent
threats at hazardous  waste sites  and to implement the  necessary long-term  remedial
response actions.  The  cost  of  implementing CERCLA  is financed by the  Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund.  This Fund  is derived primarily by  the  combination
of excise taxes  levied  on  oil  and  chemical manufacturers  and  revenues from  the
General Fund.  The authority to  collect  taxes expires  on  or before September  30,
1985.

     As authorized under  CERCLA,  EPA will  respond  to  releases  of hazardous  sub-
stances, pollutants,  and contaminants by taking removal or remedial actions  or by
compelling responsible parties to undertake the response action.   Removal  actions
are generally  short  term responses  taken   to abate an immediate  threat  posed  by
the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances at sites or spills into the air,
land, or  water.   Remedial actions  involve  long-term  and  more permanent  remedies
taken instead  of  or  in addition to removal actions.  The  program will  continue
to select sites  for  remedial  actions from the  National Priorities .List  (NPL)  and
undertake all response in accordance with  the National  Contingency Plan.

     While the Agency has the primary responsibility  for  implementing  the  program,
CERCLA and Executive  Order  12316 provide  a clear  mandate  for the Agency to  work
closely with a variety  of other  Federal agencies and  the States  to carry  out  the
Act.  The Agency  undertakes  five major  activities in  implementing the  Superfund
program:  Hazardous  Substance  Response,   Enforcement,  Research  and  Development,
Management and  Support, and  Interagency   Support.   The  effective  integration  of
these activities  involves  close  cooperation  among  various Agency  offices,  the
States, and other Federal  agencies with  specific program responsibilities.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE  ACTIONS MILL  INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY IN 1985

     In 1985,  Hazardous  Substance Response activities financed  by the  Hazardous
Substance Response Trust  Fund  will   focus  on the containment  of  the most  serious
hazardous waste emergencies and  will continue  to  plan and implement remedial  re-
sponses at uncontrolled sites posing the  greatest threat to public health  and the
environment.  The  Agency  will  continue  its systematic  evaluation of all  known
uncontrolled waste sites  to  determine which pose  a  significant  threat to  public
health and the  environment.   As   required  by CERCLA,  the National  Priorities  List
(NPL) has been prepared to provide a basis  for  determining  priorities  for  response
and enforcement efforts.

     In order to  make the best  use  of available resources,  each  site  on the list
will be evaluated to determine whether there  is  a  strong  probability  of initiating
a successful  enforcement action.  In those instances  where there  is a  significant
likelihood of  success,  a concerted  effort  will  be made  to have  the  responsible
party assume the  cost  of response.  In most cases, negotiations  with  responsible
parties will  be based on assessments of the site and  analysis  of  alternative  solu-
tions conducted by the Agency.  If these  negotiations  fail, the Agency  will  proceed
to design and  implement the selected alternative.  In  those instances  where  there
is little or no  chance  to have  the responsible party assume the  cost of  response,
the Agency will  initiate  efforts to characterize  the  site,  identify  and  analyze
feasible solutions,  and  design   and implement  the  most  cost-effective   remedy.
                                       SF-3
-------
     By the end  of  1985, the  Agency  expects  to have initiated  Federally-financed
planning efforts at  approximately 396  sites for eventual  remedial  actions by either
responsible parties  or the Fund and begun the  design  or  implementation of solutions
at approximately 135 sites.  Of  this  total, the Agency is  requesting supplemental
1984 funding to  begin design or  implementation at  10 of these sites  and to accel-
erate the  process  of characterizing  sites for either Fund-financed response  or
enforcement action at 35 sites.

     The Agency  will  continue to  work  closely  with the  States  in  selecting  and
implementing solutions  at  hazardous waste sites.    States will   be  encouraged  to
accept management of  all  response  actions.   For those sites  where the  States  do
not accept the  lead,  the  Agency  will  contract for the necessary  expertise  to  con-
duct the assessment  and  selection  of  alternatives  and the Army Corps  of Engineers
will manage design  and  construction  contracts to implement  the selected  remedy.

     The Agency  will  continue to  ensure  an  effective  emergency response  program
for any  major  hazardous  substance  spills  and  for  emergency releases  at hazardous
waste sites.  Approximately 4,000  hazardous  substance spills and site emergencies
occur each year.  The Federal  government will  become involved only  in those situ-
ations where  the party  responsible is  either  unknown  or  incapable of  properly
handling the response and  the State  and  local  governments  are  unable  to  provide
adequate response.  The Agency will continue  to work  closely with the  U.S. Coast
Guard and  other  members of the  National  and  Regional  Response  Teams,  as  well  as
the States, to  provide  timely  and effective response in those situations where  it
is truly necessary.

ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS  WILL BE FOCUSED TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM SITE CLEANUP  AND RECOVERY
OF FUNDS
     The goal of  the  enforcement  program is to secure  privately-financed response
actions through negotiated  settlement  or administrative  and legal  actions  and to
recover Trust  Fund  money  spent  on  Federal  remedial  and  removal actions.   Those
responsible for uncontrolled  sites  will  be  given  an early  opportunity  to  reach a
settlement and voluntarily assume the cost of  responding.   In  most cases, negotia-
tions will be based on  an assessment of site  conditions and alternative solutions
identified by the Agency.   This  will enable the  Agency to  target its  enforcement
efforts at those sites where there is a  high  probability of success.

     The Agency will  also initiate  administrative and  legal actions against those
parties who  fail  to  negotiate in  good  faith,   focusing on the development  of le-
gally and  technically  sound  cases  where  appropriate,  including those  instances
where Fund-financed response  can  not be  undertaken.  In addition,  in  those cases
where a  Fund-financed  response  action  is   undertaken, the  Agency   will  seek  to
recover the cost of responding.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPORT FIELH RESPONSE ACTIONS

     The Research and Development program supports the Agency,  States, and industry
in resolving those  technical  problems which inhibit the  effective  implementation
of removal and remedial  actions.   Support focuses on adapting existing technologies
and scientific  information for  application  to uncontrolled  hazardous   waste  site
situations.  For  example,  current "technologies used in the construction industry
and spill  cleanup may be applicable to uncontrolled waste  sites.  However,  before
these technologies can be applied, they must first be tested, their cost-effective-
ness determined,  and  their limitations  understood.   In  addition,  field  response
personnel  must be in  a  position  to  rapidly  identify and to accurately  measure the
hazardous  waste with  which they are  confronted and to quickly determine the  risk
involved to the surrounding population and ecosystem.
                                       SF-4
-------
     Superfund research and development  activities are systematically  designed  to
provide the  following  in  support  of  the  Agency's program:  methods  for  sampling
and analyzing hazardous  materials   needed  for  quality assurance  protocols;  tech-
niques for  field  response  personnel  to  use  in  evaluating  potential  sites;  and
engineering and  other  technical  guidance  to  Federal,  State,  and  local  officials
for immediate response  at uncontrolled site cleanup operations.

MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT  WILL PROVIDE AGENCY SERVICES TO THE SUPERFUND PROGRAM

     Management  and Support activities  for the Superfund program  provide  the full
array of  financial,  administrative,  and  support  services  in  an integrated  and
efficient manner.   The  five  major activities conducted  to  supply  basic  Agency
management and  support  are administrative  services,  financial  management,  policy
analysis, and the  services of  the Offices  of the  Inspector General  and  General
Counsel.

EPA WILL CONTINUE  TO UTILIZE THE EXPERTISE OF OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES

     In addition to  requiring  integration  of  the  efforts  of the various  Agency
offices with  program  responsibilities, the  Superfund program requires close  co-
operation among  various  Federal  agencies.   Executive Order  12316,  signed  by  the
President in  August  1981,  requires that the  Agency assume  overall  responsibility
for the management of  the  program.  In addition, several  other  agencies  including
the Departments  of  Justice,  Health and  Human  Services,  Transportation,  Commerce,
Labor, Interior, and the  Federal  Emergency  Management Agency (FEMA)  are  assigned
responsibilities under  CERCLA  and  the  Executive  Order.   To  ensure  a  coordinated
Federal program,  the  Agency  has   emphasized   the  development  of  an  integrated
approach in undertaking site response  actions.  Ongoing activities of  other Federal
agencies are  determined  jointly  under the  interagency budget process  established
in the  Executive   Order  and  are   generally   funded  through  transfer  allocation
accounts. Additional  activities  at  specific  sites  undertaken   by  other  Federal
agencies may  by triggered  at  the  request  of the  EPA's  on-scene personnel  and
are, with  the exception  of  FEMA,  funded through  reimbursable  agreements.   This
dual system ensures that agencies have sufficient  funds to  conduct ongoing activi-
ties while  providing the EPA with the  ability to manage  and  coordinate  Federal
actions at specific sites.
                                       SF-5
-------
SUPERFUND
             Amendment/
    Budget    Current             Increase
Program Activities
REMOVAL ACTIONS
Immediate Removal Actions ....
Planned Removal Actions ......
REMEDIAL ACTIONS
Preliminary Assessments ......
Inspections 	 	
Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies
Fund Lead 	 	 	


Initial Remedial Measures ....
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Technical Support for
Ongoing Docket/Filed
Settlements 	 	 	
Civil Litigation Case Support
CERCLA Section 106 Imminent
CERCLA Section 107 Cost
Actual
1983

88
6
1,891
550
85
30
11
18
6

48
27

4
17
Estimate
1984

50
10
4,000
2,000
55

40
25
22

40
50

10
24
Estimate
1984

150
20
4,000
1,300
55
25
30
25
15

55
11

8
34
Estimate
1985

150
20
6,600
2,000
69
46
68
25
46

77
15

11
48
necrease -
1984 vs 1985

0
0
+2,600
-1-700
+ 14
+ 21
+ 38
0
+ 31

+ 2?
+ 4

+ 3
+ 14
     SF-6
-------
                                     SUPERFUND
                                        Amendment/
                                        Current
                                        Estimate
Program Activities                      1984

REMOVAL ACTIONS

 Immediate Removal Actions 	   150

 Planned Removal Actions	    20

REMEDIAL ACTIONS

 Preliminary Assessments ,	  4,000

 Inspections 	  1,300

 Remedial Investigation/
  Feasibility Studies

  Fund Lead 	     55
  Enforcement Lead 	     25

 Designs 	     30

 Initial Remedial Measures 	     25

 Remedial Actions 	     15

ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS

 Technical Support for
   Ongoing Docket/Filed
   Cases 	     55

 Settlements 	     11


 Civil Litigation Case Support

   CERCLA Section 106 Imminent
     Hazard 	      8
   CERCLA Section 107 Cost
     Recovery	     34
Supplemental
Request
1984
     +20
     +15

     +10
      +2
                                      SF-7
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

SUPERFUND                                                                     SF-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Substances Research	     SF-9
                                        SF-8
-------































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                                     SUPERFUND
                            Hazardous Substance Research
Major Outputs/Milestones

Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment

-  Prepare health risk assessments
   for use in remedial and enforcement
   actions (Scientific Assessment)

-  Develop state-of-the-art
   methods for site-specific
   risk assessments (Scientific Assessment)

-  Provide guidelines for site sampling
   (Monitoring)

-  Provide quality assurance for National
   Contract Laboratory Program
   (Monitoring)

Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
Waste Sites
Actual
 1983
Amendment/
Current
Estimate     Estimate
  1984     •    1985
Ongoing    Ongoing
  9/83
  9/84

  9/84
Ongoing    Ongoing
-  Evaluate the testing and demonstration
   of EPA's mobile incinerator (Env.  Eng.)     6/83

-  Provide handbooks for decontamination and
   construction equipment design (Env.  Eng.)   1/84

-  Provide handbook on Fugitive Dust  Control
   around Superfund sites (Env. Eng.)

Provide Information for Personnel  Health
and Safety Equipment and Procedures

-  Provide report on evaluation of per-
   meability of suit fabric (Env.  Eng.)

-  Provide manual for selection of
   protective clothing materials (Env.  Eng.)   9/85

Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory
Efforts

- Provide monitoring guidelines (Monitoring)   9/84

-  Determine carcinogenicity and
   chronic toxicity criteria for use  in
   determining reportable quantities
   (Scientific Assessment)                     9/83

Provide technical support to Enforcement
and Regional Offices (All ORD Offices)        Ongoing
             9/84


             9/84


             9/85






            10/84


             9/85





             9/85





             9/84


           Ongoing      Ongoing
Ongoing



  9/85

  9/85




Ongoing





  6/86


  1/85


  9/85





 10/84


  9/85
                                        SF-11
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                                     SUPERFUND


                            Hazardous Substance  Research


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $12,633,500 supported  by 58.0 total workyears
for 1985, an  increase  of $3,907,800  and  15.5 total workyears  from  1984.   Within
this level,  there are increases in environmental  engineering and technology, moni-
toring systems  and  quality  assurance,  scientific  assessment   and  a  decrease  in
environmental  processes  and  effects.   The  increase in  engineering  will  support
additional technology evaluations  and technical  support for the  Office  of Emergency
and Remedial Response (OERR) and  Office of  Waste Programs Enforcement  (OWPE).  The
increases in monitoring  and quality  assurance and scientific assessment will pri n-
ci pally be  used to  support  additional  enforcement  actions.   The decrease in envi-
ronmental processes  reflects the completion  of a set of  site and situation assess-
ment technical  manuals.

Program Description

     The Office  of  Research  and  Development  (ORD) primarily  provides technical
support to the Superfund program office based  upon completed research and expertise
obtained from  other programs  such  as Hazardous  Waste.   This  technical  support
includes providing  tailored  guidance documents,  operations  manuals,  assessment
techniques,  and  technical  expertise  to  meet the  specific requirements  of  EPA
program and   Regional  offices,  States  and  local  authorities.    Specific  program
objectives established  as the basis for ORD  support  activities are:

     Objective 1.  Provide Techniques and  Procedures for  Site and Situation Assess-
ment.Theseactivities  provide the  techniques  and procedures  to  allow On-Scene
Coordinators (OSC's) to quickly and  effectively  assess the  degree  of hazard posed
at specific   uncontrolled  hazardous waste  sites.  An  extensive quality assurance
program for  the National  Contracts Laboratory  Program  is also  provided, including
development  and  promulgation  of  analytical  methods to  measure  and   characterize
samples from Superfund  sites.

     Qbjecti ve 2.   Evaluate Technologies to  Manage Uncontrolled  Waste Sites.  Acti-
viti es support! ng thi s  objecti ve  evaluate and assess  the technologies, techniques
and construction materials which  may  be applicable  to  controlling hazardous waste
releases to  the environment  in a cost-effective  manner.

     Objective 3. Provide Procedures  for Ensuring Effective Post-Closure Assessment
at Hazardous Waste Sites.  These activities  provide the means to  accurately monitor
and determine the adequacy of control   during the  post-closure phase of  site cleanup.

     Objective 4.   Provide  Information on  Personnel Health, Protective  Equipment
and Procedures.  These  activities  provide  evaluation and  assessment of the techno-
logi es applicable to ensuring personnel health and safety  during  removal  and cleanup
operations.
                                      SF-12
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     Objective 5.  Support Reportable Quantities  Regulatory Efforts.  These activi-
ties "support Superfund  regulatory   efforts  by  ranki ng   and assigning reportable
quantities to  chemicals  based  upon a number  of  scientific  and technical  factors.
These quantities  are then  used  as  a  basis  for  taking  corrective  action,  if
necessary.

     Objective 6.  Provide  Technical  Support to Enforcement,  Program and Regional
Offices"I  This work  provides  review of remedial  action  design and implementation
plans, review  and  evaluation  of  all  quality  assurance/quality  control  (QA/QC)
plans, and review and new data submitted by liable parties for specific site prob-
lems.  Expert witnesses  are furnished  when  required.

SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $1,255,700 supported  by 4.0 total workyears for
this program,  all of which  is  funded  under the  Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund.  This represents an increase  of $411,700 in total   funding and an increase of
0.5 workyears, reflecting  the  Agency's increased  need  for  technical  support  for
enforcement activities,  and for  development  of  procedures for assessing exposures
and health risks  for compounds  like 2,3,7,8-TCDD  (dioxin).

     Provide Techniques  and Procedures for  Site and Situation Assessment.  In  1985
site-speci fie, situation-sped fie,   or chemical-speci fie  health   rTsR  assessments
will be prepared  to assist  the  program office in  evaluating both alternative courses
of action at uncontrolled  sites  and potential regulatory  strategies.  In addition,
risk methods development work  will  continue in order  to maintain existing protocols
at the  state-of-the-art.   Technical guidelines will  also be  developed  to estimate
emissions of low vapor pressure  and highly adsorptive compounds similar to 2,3,7,8
-TCDD from contaminated  land sites.
              Technical   Support   to Enforcement, Program and Regi onal Offices.  In
1985, an Trier eased number of site-speci fie  or  ch~enric~al-speci fie assessments wi 11 be
prepared to predict the  relative  risk they pose and assist the  program  office in
evaluati ng the  need   for  enforcement  action.   These assessments  may range from
brief hazard  summaries to  peer-revi ewed, detailed  documents  for  use in litigation
or negotiation.   In  addition, physical-chemical properties  of  2,3,7,8-TCDD will
be determined  for  use in transport  and fate  studies associated  with risk assess-
ments.  Exposure  to  2,3,  7,8-TCDD  through  accumulation  on  skin  and  subsequent
ingestion will be evaluated.

1984 Program

     In 1984 the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $844,000  and  3.5 permanent work-
years for  this program,   all  of  which  is funded   under  the  Hazardous  Substance
Response Trust Fund.

     Provide  Techniques   and Procedures  for   Site  and  Situation  Assessment.  A
variety of  site  and  situation-specific risk  assessments  covering single chemicals
and simple  mixtures  are  being provided  to the  Office  of Emergency  and  Remedial
Response-(OERR) and the  Regions.   A methods handbook for site-specific assessments
is being completed and subjected to  peer  review.  A previously established capacity
to provide rapid  response health assessments is  being expanded  and  will  be  inter-
faced with the Chemical  Information  System.

     Provide  Procedures  for Ensuring Effective Post-Closure of Uncontrolled  Sites.
Protocols are  being  developed and  tested  for  estimating  aggregate  acceptability
indices for exposure  to residual levels of complex chemical mixtures.   The protocols
will be applied to a  limited  number of specific cases  to test  how easily they can
be followed, using data  from the Agency's monitoring  program.
                                       SF-13
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     Support  Reportable Quantiti es Regulatory Efforts.   Health   effects  data  for
specific chenicals are  being analyzed.   These  chemicals are  ranked  according to
the risk they  pose, based  on card nogenicity or  chronic  toxicity,  for use by the
program office which  is in the process of determining  minimum reportable quantities
for each chemical.  Response  to  public comments on earlier rulemaking relative to
reportable  quantities  is included as a part  of this  activity.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $776,400 and 2.5 total workyears for
this program, all  of which was  funded under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund.

     Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site  and Situation Assessment.   In   1983
toxicity data was assembled and entered into the rapid response data base  entitled
Studies in Toxicology Applicable to  Risk Assessment.  Four  rapid  response health
assessments were provided  as  requested  by the program staff.  Methodology  develop-
ment for site-specific risk assessment was advanced through two symposia.

     Provide  Procedures for Ensuring Effective  Post-Closure of Uncontrolled Sites.
In 1983 several detailed site specific  human  health risk  assessments were  prepared
as part of  this program.   Work  continued on the  concept  of developing aggregate
acceptability indices   for  exposures  to  residual   levels  of  hazardous  substance
remaining after remedial  response has been completed.

     Support Reportable Quantities  Regulatory  Efforts.  In   1983   chemi cal-speci fie
criteria for  determining  reportable  quantities were  prepared  for  191  chemicals
based on  carci nogenicity,   and   for  260  chemicals  based  on   chronic  toxicity.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $4,922,800 supported  by  19.6 total  workyears
for this program, all   of  which  is funded  under the Hazardous  Substances  Response
Trust Fund.  This reflects  an increase of  $1,216,900 and 5.2 workyears  and  will
result in  strengthening the  quality  assurance  program in  support of the  Agency's
National Contract  Laboratory  Program.   The increase  will also  support  increased
sampling quality assurance and a laboratory  analysis  support  program for  enforce-
ment actions and settlement agreements.

     Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site  and Situation  Assessment.  It  i s
anticipated that the  National  Contracts Laboratory Program will  soon  Tncrease to
50 contractors thereby  requiring  additional  quality  assurance  support.   On-site
evaluations, protocol  revision,  quarterly reviews,  and data audits will be  provided
to establish data of  known quality in support of  this program.   The use of aerial
photography to establish the  growth  and past  use   of hazardous  sites  will  be con-
tinued.  The Compendium of Sampling  Methods wi 11 be updated.  The sampling quality
assurance program and  the air  monitoring evaluation  programs  will  be  expanded.

     Provide Technical  Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional  Offices.  Addi-
tional  support to OWPE will be  provided in response to the increase in liti gation
actions.  Expert witness,   monitoring  and data  analysis for  case preparation  will
be provided.    Quality  assurance  for  settlement  agreements  will  be  provided  to
agreements such as Hyde Park.   Support  in the  form  of  geophysical  monitoring and
specialized monitoring will  be provided to removal  and remedial actions.  A referee
                                      SF-14
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 laboratory to analyze  complex  samples  will be  provided  to  the Regions.   Specific
 site studies in air,  water,  and soils will be  provided  to  the program office and
 Regions.

 1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $3,705,900 and 14.4 total work-
 years to this program,  all of which is funded under the Hazardous Substances Response
 Trust Fund.

     Provide Techniques and Procedures  for Site  and Situation Assessment. A quality
 assurance program is  continuing that ensures that data of  known  quality are produced
 by laboratory  analysis contractors.   The  latest  protocols,   instrumentation  for
 field sampling and air monitoring techniques are being  investigated.  Historical
 and new aerial  photography  are being  used  to characterize site  conditions from  1935
 to the present.

     Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts.  A compendium  of  available
 monitoring methods for  ambient  and  emergency  monitoring  of air,  water,  and soils
 is being  completed   for  the promulgation  of Superfund  regulations  under  CERCLA
 Section 101 (14)  and  102.
              Technical   Support  of  Enforcement,  Program  and Regi onal Of fi ces.  A
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Laboratory is providing referee  analysis capa&i li-
ties to the Regions  and  program  office.   The program  includes  sample analysis for
enforcement and the  analyses  of complex  samples.  Support  is   being  provided to
the Office  of  Water Programs  Enforcement  in the  form  of case  preparation  using
state-of-the-art equipment and  scientific  expertise.   Field monitoring capabilities
including geophysical monitoring  is being  provided to  all media.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment
There~rs no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $2,085,500 and  10.4  workyears for
this program, all  of which  was  funded  under the Hazardous  Substances Response Trust
Fund.

     Provide  Techniques  and Procedures  for  Site  and  Situation  Assessment.  The
quality assurance  program  was expanded to meet  the needs of 32 laboratori es in the
National Contract   Laboratory Program.   The  first  edition  of  a  "Compendium  of
Sampling Methods"  including  guidelines  on response to  emergencies was completed.
A sampling quality  assurance program  was initiated.   Aerial  photography  was used
to characterize more than  700 sites.

     Support Reportable Quantities  Regulatory Efforts.  The  fi rst  draft of  a com-
pendiurn of monitoring methods for  reportable  quantities was completed.

     Provide  Technical Support   to   Enforcement, Program and  Regional  Offices.
Support was  provided  in the form  of  special  studies  on  air, surface and  ground
water, and oversight  of a laboratory for the  analysis of complex  field samples.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING  AND TECHNOLOGY

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $6,291,400 supported by  31.3  total  workyears
for this program,  all  of  which is funded under the Hazardous Substances Response
Trust Fund.   The  increase  of  $2,625,100  and  9.8  total   workyears   reflects the
                                     SF-15
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requirements for additional  engineering  support by the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response (OERR).   Implementation  experience  at sites has  indicated  a need
for increased engineering support  in  the evaluation of technologies and technical
support for OERR and the Office of Waste  Programs  Enforcement.

     Provide  Techniques  and Procedures  for  Site  and  Situation  Assessment.  Engi-
neeri ng expertise will be applied to the  assessment  of hazardous waste site situa-
tions including  hydrology,   geology,  and  soil characteristics  so  as to  assist
regional office Superfund staff, EPA zone contractors, and State Superfund offices
in the  development  of  corrective  measure options.    Those  groups  associated with
Superfund require assistance  in feasibility studies and remedial  action development.
ORD staff will  serve  on a technical advisory committee, review  site assessment and
feasibility plans, and advise on remedial actions.  Based  on data collected by ORD
in surveys  and  technology evaluations,  the  latest  information on  the  cost  and
effectiveness of remedial action technologies can  be applied to the specific sites.
In addition, criteria for conducting  site assessment  and feasibility studies lead-
ing to  the  data  required to  make remedial  action  decisions  will  be prepared.

     Evaluate  Technologies   to  Manage   Uncontrolled  Waste Sites.  Evaluations  of
response technology to  support  emergency action at  hazardous materials spills and
newly di scovered  releases  of  hazardous  materials  from  uncontrolled  waste  sites
will be increased.  Emphasis  will to be placed on field evaluation of prototypical
equipment such  as the mobile incineration system,  mobile  soils  washing system and
the mobile  carbon regenerator  for cost-effective multi-media  removal  actions  at
uncontrolled sites.   Efforts will  also address the evaluation and demonstration  of
innovative, commercially  available  equipment  and  technology,   such  as  a  modular
transportable i nci nerati on system.   A  scientifically defensible  technology base
(includi ng guideli nes)  will  be  prepared to  provide  response  personnel direction
on the  use  of chemicals introduced  into  the  environment to mitigate the effects  of
hazardous releases.

     Remedial  technology activities will  also be increased to address the engineer-
ing and technology needs of the program  office and Regions relative to  cleaning up
problems at uncontrolled hazardous waste  sites.  Assessing the cost and technologi-
cal effectiveness of  applied  techniques  will be  an integral part  of this effort.
A handbook  on  fugitive  dust  control  at   hazardous  waste  sites will  be produced.
Fixation of contaminated soils will  be demonstrated.

     Provide  Information on Personnel Health  and Safety Equipment and  Procedures.
As more sophisticated situations involving uncontrolled hazardous wastes sites are
addressed, there will be  an  increasing need  to evaluate  specialized equipment and
establish current state-of-the-art  procedures to ensure personnel health and safety
during removal   and cleanup operations.   Emphasis  will  i nclude manual s establishing
guidelines for  contamination  avoidance   for  response personnel  and   specialized
treatment equipment and the   evaluation of equipment and techniques specific to the
safety requirements of response personnel.

     Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,  Program and Regional Offices. Timely
technical  and scientific assistance, information, and analysis in support of removal
and remedial response activities involving multi-media pollution from uncontrolled
waste sites will be provided  to program,  regional, and  State offices in the form of
on-site consultation, review of  remedial  investigation/feasibility studies,  super-
vision of  cleanup operations  involving   ORD  equipment,  analytical   support,  and
assistance in enforcement cases.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is  allocating a total  of $3,666,300 and  21.5 total  work-
years  for this  program,  all  of  which   is  funded  under  the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund.
                                      SF-16
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      Evaluate  Technologies  to Manage  Uncontrolled  Waste Sites.   Major   response
 acti viti es  include  demonstration  ancievaluation  67prototypical   equipment   for
 multi-media removal actions at hazardous material releases and uncontrolled hazard-
 ous waste sites.  Efforts  are  concentrating on full-scale  testing of the  mobile
 incinerator, carbon regenerator, and soils washer and evaluation of  the feasibility
 of a modular transportable incineration system.   Full-scale,  control 1 ed-condition
 testing on  the use of chemicals and  additives  introduced  into the  environment  for
 cleanup purposes is being initiated, and the previously developed computerized  file
 on removal  action  case histories is being  expanded to  include  remedial  action  case
 histories and documentation  of  feasibility study information to further assist  in
 cleanup deci sion-maki ng.

      Major  remedial activities  include:   review and  evaluation  of techniques which
 are being used and have been used  in the  past  to  assess  their  cost-effectiveness;
 field evaluations  and verification  of  new remedial  techniques  which  will  become
 part of technical  handbooks  for  use by State and Federal  agencies  responsible  for
 site remedial  actions;  and  field  verification of  a  model  to  evaluate  different
 remedial  action techniques on a site-specific basis.

      Provide  Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment  and Procedures.
 Thi s program is providing manuals  on the  testing  of  specialized safety  equipment
 and procedures for ensuring personnel safety  during site reconnaissance and cleanup,
 including decontamination  of  equipment and  personnel.   Emphasis is on evaluation
 and assessment of  protective  clothing  and  breathing  apparatus,  personal monitoring
 for exposure, safety  procedures for  extended site  operations  and  decontamination
 techniques   for  specialized   cleanup  equipment  used during  emergency   response
 operations.

      Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and Regional Offices. Quick
 turnaround  technical  advice and consultation is being provided to regional  offices,
 OWPE and  States.   It  involves review of designs for removal  and  remedial  actions,
_r_e\n_ew of data submitted  by liable  parties,  expert witness testimony at litigation
 procedures,  on-site consultation, analytical  support,  and technology transfer  from
 the research  program to Agency users.

 1984^ Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      The  net  decrease of -$55,000 results from the following action:

      -Reprpgramnil ng.  (-$55,000)  This  reprogramming  transferred   -$55,000  to  the
 Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development - Lab Support  program from
 this program  to provide funds  for Superfund-related lab  support activities in  the
 Office of Research and Development.

 1983 Accomplishments

      In 1983, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $3,794,400 and  12.7 total  workyears
 for this  program,  all  of  which  was  funded  under the Hazardous Substance  Response
 Trust Fund.

      Evaluate  Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites.  Major   accomplish-
 ments in  the response  area included  completion  of  preliminary  tests  and  trial
 burns of  the mobile incinerator,  which was designed for field use in  destroying
 hazardous organic  substances collected  from cleanup operations.   During  1983,  a
 system shakedown  and performance  testing  of  the  mobile  carbon  regenerator  was
 completed in  preparation  for controlled  condition  testing and field  evaluations.
 A state-of-the-art  report  on  drum  handling practices  at uncontrolled  hazardous
 waste sites  was completed  and  submitted for external  peer review in  preparation
 for publication.   A  literature  search and  laboratory study on candidate chemicals
 for in situ detoxification of contaminated  soils was also completed.
                                       SF-17
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     In the  remedial  area,  a  handbook  for evaluating  remedial  action technology
was completed.   An engineering  evaluation  and  cost analysis of  23 major  remedial
action efforts at uncontrolled hazardous  waste  sites was also completed.

     Provide Information on  Personnel  Health, Protective Equipment  and Procedures.
Activities supporting this objective were  not  initiated until the  end  of  1982 and
as a result,  major  outputs  will  not  be available  until  1984.   However,  projects
were i nitiated to modify  and  obtain  NIOSH certification  for a  long-term,  self-
contained chemical  protective  ensemble  and  evaluate  the  chemical  permeation and
degradation resistance of a totally  encapsulating  protective  outergarment for use
by response personnel.

     Provide   Technical   Support  to   Enforcement,  Program   and  Regional  Offices.
Several direct technical  support  activities   were completed  for the Office  of
Emergency and  Remedial  Response,  Office  of Waste Programs Enforcement,  and the
Regions involving on-site consultation and analytical  support,  review of remedial
action i nvestigati on/feasibi lity  studies,  and   support  of  enforcement cases.   A
technology transfer  workshop  was  held involving the  program  office, contractors,
regional  offices, and the Corps of Engineers.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND  EFFECTS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $163,600  supported  by  3.1 total  workyears for
this program, all  of which is funded under the Hazardous Substances Response Trust
Fund.  Thi s i s a  decrease of $345,900 and reflects  completion  of a set of site and
situation assessment  technical  manuals.

     Provide Technical  Support to  Enforcement,  Program and Regional Offices.  Tech-
nical support will be  provided  in response to  specific  requests  from program and
regional  offices.   Technical   support  services  include:   groundwater  sampling,
analyses, and  contaminant plume tracking;   and  bioassessments of  soil and  water
samples from Superfund  sites.  Other technical  support  includes: input to negotiated
closure plans, expert witness  testimony,  and site-specific consultations.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total  of $509,500 and 3.1 total workyears
to thi s  program,  all  of which  is funded  under the Hazardous  Substances  Response
Trust Fund.

     Provide  Techniques   and  Procedures  for Site and Situation  Assessment.  Major
activities are being  conducted in the  following  areas.   At the  request  of the
Office of Emergency and Remedial  Response, drafts of technical documents are being
expanded for inclusion into  a  comprehensive Remedial Investigation  Guidance Manual.
Preparation of two guidance documents  are being initiated:  a)  a  field  guide for
biological sampling  at Superfund  sites;  and b) a  document  detailing how  to apply
environmental criteria to action  decisions.   These documents were recently cited
as priority  needs by  State  and regional  personnel.  Samples  from  Superfund sites
are being analyzed using  biological assessment  procedures.

     Provide Technical  Support to  Enforcement,  Program and Regional Offices.  Tech-
nical support in  the  areas  of  groundwater contamination sampling,  groundwater well
construction and  contaminant  plume  tracking is  being provided.   Other technical
support services  include input  to negotiated  closure plans,  legal  testimony and
consultations.

1984 Explanation  of  Change from the Amendment

     There is no  change from the amendment.
                                       SF-18
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983 the Agency obligated  a  total  of $162,200 and 1.5 total workyears  for
this program, all  of which was  funded  under the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund

     Provide Techniques and Procedures  for  Site and Situation Assessment.   In 1983,
the following documents  were published:   an  EPA Guide  for i denti f yi ng  clean up
alternatives at hazardous waste sites  and  spills; a manual  addressing the  ecologi-
cal effects of cleanup options; and  a  handbook for  predicting groundwater contam-
i nant transport.

     Provide Technical  Support  to  Enforcement,  Program and Regional Offices. Duri ng
1983, technical  experti se associ ated  with  groundwater contamination and other  pro-
blem areas was provided at the following Superfund Sites: Chem Dyne, Ohio; Criner,
Oklahoma; Love Canal,  New York;  Taylor Road,  Florida;  Kin-Buc,  New  Jesey;   Olim
Corp., Georgia;  Hyde Park, New  York.
                                       SF-19
-------
                                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                                 Table of Contents



                                                                                              PAGE

                SUPERFUND                                                                     SF-1

                    ENFORCEMENT
                       Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement	    SF-21
                          Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement
                             & Compliance Monitoring	    SF-24
                          Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement	    SF-24
                          Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement	    SF-26
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-------







































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-------
                                  SUPERFUND

                   Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $48,924,600  supported by  508.4 total  work-
years for  1985  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation
for technical, administrative,  and legal  enforcement activities.  This  represents
an increase  of $19,221,600 and 193.0 workyears  from 1984.  The increase  reflects
additional efforts to  secure  privately-financed  response to releases  of  hazardous
substances.  It  will  also  support  an  increased  level  of  cost  recovery  actions,
thereby conserving the Trust Fund for use  at future sites and spills.

Program Description

     The Hazardous Substance Response Enforcement  program includes the administra-
tive and legal enforcement activities  authorized under the  Comprehensive  Environ-
mental Response,  Compensation, and Liability Act  (CERCLA).   In the event a  release
or threat of a release presents  an imminent or  substantial  endangerment  to public
health or the  environment, the Agency may  order  responsible parties to take abate-
ment action  by issuing a  CERCLA  Section  106 Administrative Order.   Noncompliance
with such orders  can result 1n the Agency  seeking fines  and/or treble  damage penal-
ties against the  party.   Civil judicial  actions  also may  be  Initiated to  compel
response action.   CERCLA Section  107 authorizes  the Agency to recover the  cost  of
Federally-financed response actions  from  responsible parties.   Criminal  actions
may be initiated  for  failure  to  notify authorities  of releases as required  under
CERCLA Section'103.

     The enforcement program provides the  legal  and technical support  for  negotia-
tions for privately-financed  response,  development  and  execution  of Section  106
Administrative Orders, and  initiation of  civil,  criminal, and cost recovery  cases
for referral to  the Department of  Justice.  The  program also  provides legal  and
technical support of ongoing  cases filed  by the Department  of Justice  on  behalf of
the Agency and reviews and comments on  State-lead enforcement actions.

     Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement  and  Compliance
Monitoring --  This program supports  the Superfund  activities  of the  National  En-
forcement Investigations  Center   (NEIC).   The  NEIC  provides  specialized  support
for high  priority  enforcement  cases  including   specialized  assistance  in   case
preparation, field investigations, laboratory  analysis  including high hazard  sam-
ples, and preparation  of  technical  testimony.   The NEIC  also provides specialized
assistance for State-lead enforcement activities.

     Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement  —  This  program  develops the  tech-
nical documentation for the Superfund enforcement program and initiates administra-
tive enforcement   actions.   The activities include identifying  responsible  parties
and performing site assessments to  document the  extent of  the threat  and the pre-
ferred remedy.  Also included is technical support for:  up-front negotiations with
private parties,   cases referred  to  and  litigated  by  the  Department of  Justice
including new  and existing civil  cases to  compel  cleanup, cases to  recover  Trust
Fund costs,  and  criminal  cases.  Technical  support is also  provided for  State-lead
enforcement actions.   The  program also initiates  and manages  CERCLA Section  106
Administrative Orders.

Hazardous Substance Legal  Enforcement — This program provides the legal  staff  for
the Superfund  enforcement  program.  The  activities  include developing the  legal
documentation  necessary  to  obtain  privately-financed   response,  providing  legal
support for  issuing administrative  orders, and negotiating private party  cleanup.
The program  also  participates  with the Department  of  Justice in negotiating  con-
sent decrees,  conducting  civil  and criminal litigation,  and litigating  to  recover
costs paid from the Trust Fund.
                                         SF-23
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNCIAL  SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING	~	

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of  S5,268,800  supported by 34.5  total  workyears
for this  program from the  Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of  SI,524,300  and  10.5  workyears  from 1984.   The
increase reflects the  National  Enforcement Investigations  Center's (NEIC) efforts
in providing  specialized  technical   support  for  civil   and  criminal  litigation.

     In 1985, this program will  provide specialized technical  support to nationally
managed cases that  require unusually complex  or  sophisticated  technical  capabili-
ties.  This program  will supplement Regional  and  State  staff  in those  cases  that
are technically difficult,  ami will fully support precedent-setting criminal  cases.
Responsibilities will  include  providing technical  consultation and  assistance  in
case preparation activities including high hazard laboratory procedures, conducting
field investigations  in  support  of  case development efforts,  laboratory  analysis
in support  of  all media,  including groundwater sample  analysis,  evidence evalua-
tion, report preparation, technical testimony, and negotiation of technical aspects
of key consent decrees.  Contract  funds will provide for a continuation of the  evi-
dence audit quality control  function.   This program  will  also  support remedial  in-
vestigations and  cleanup related  to  dioxin and associated  pesticide derivatives.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is allocating a total of S3,744,500 and  24.0 total work-
years to this program  from the  Hazardous Substance  Response Trust  Fund appropria-
tion.  Specialized technical  capabilities  are made available to  Regional  enforce-
ment programs  and State agencies  for  site  entry  procedures.   The  program  also
prepares and analyzes high hazard  samples and provides a wide range of specialized
analytical procedures,  quality  control,  and  evidence   security procedures.   The
NEIC assists the  Federal Bureau  of Investigation (FBI)  and Regional  investigative
staffs in criminal investigations of hazardous waste disposal  practices by training
FBI personnel  in  EPA technical  evidence  gathering procedures.   Evidence audit
control processes  are continued in 1984  to  ensure that proper  chain-of-custody
procedures are followed  to support the field investigation team contract.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change  from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated a  total  of $3,252,100 and 30.2  total  workyears
for this  program from the  Hazardous Substance  Response  Trust  Fund appropriation.
This program provided  technical  consultation  and assistance in  litigation prepar-
ation by performing  laboratory analyses, data  evaluation, technical testimony,  and
negotiation of technical aspects of consent  decrees.   It  also  developed high  hazard
laboratory procedures, investigative protocols,  and  provided technical  support  in
the review of Agency regulations.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of 536,549,700  supported by  334.5 total work-
years from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation   for this
program.  This  reflects  an  increase  of  515,156,500  and  13ft.6  total  workyears  to
expand efforts to secure privately-financed response action at  National  Priorities
                                        SF-24
-------
List (NPL) and  other  priority sites  including dioxin  sites.   This increase  will
also enable the agency to  initiate  and continue cost  recovery  in all  cases  where
it is cost-effective and  there is  a  financially viable  party.

     In 1985, the Agency will  focus its enforcement efforts  on those  sites  where
plans have identified  those National Priorities List (NPL)  sites where  negotiations
are most likely to  result  in  privately-financed cleanup.  The  Agency  will  conduct
a detailed site analysis at  46 sites to  support these  negotiations.  Funding for
these investigations is provided under  the  Hazardous  Spill and  Site Response  pro-
gram, but  will  be  managed  under  the  enforcement program.    These  studies  will
streamline the  enforcement process  by  providing  private parties  an  "up-front"
understanding of what the  Agency  wants them  to do and  will  enable the  Agency to
proceed immediately with Fund-financed  response if negotiations fail.   The Agency
expects to reach  settlement with  responsible parties  at  15 sites  in  1985  under
this program.

     In addition to targeting negotiations,  the Agency will also focus on initiat-
ing Administrative and Federal  action to compel private party response  at appropri-
ate sites  or where Fund-financed  response  can  not be  undertaken.   In  1985,  the
Agency will  provide  technical  support  for the  development  of 11  new   cases  for
referral to  the Department of Justice  and  will provide continued  support for 77
ongoing cases.

     Technical documentation for  the  issuance  of  Administrative  Orders  and  en-
forcement of those orders  will be provided to  support  efforts to compel  privately-
financed cleanup and to recover the  cost of  Fund-financed cleanup.

     The Agency will  seek  recovery of Trust Fund costs  from  financially viable
responsible parties as authorized  under  CERCLA Section 107.   Efforts  to  recover
Trust Fund costs  for  removal  and  remedial   actions  will  increase in  1985.   The
Agency will  begin to  shift emphasis  in  1985  from  recovery  of   funds  expended  for
removal activities to  recovery of  remedial  funds  as   sites  are completed.   This
shift will enable the  Agency to recover  significantly larger  amounts during 1985
and beyond as  the  more expensive remedial  actions are  completed.   The  Agency ex-
pects to refer 48 cost recovery actions to the Department of  Justice.

     Contract efforts  to meet  the  stringent  technical  requirements essential  for
successful negotiations include  responsible party  searches  and  determinations of
financial viability, review of defendents proposed plans  for response action, and
conduct of evidence audits.  Effective management  of these activities  will  require
close coordination with  response  and  legal  enforcement personnel to  plan  Federal
response and  to provide  the  broadest possible  base   of technical   information to
support enforcement actions.

1984 Supplemental  Request

     The Agency  requests   an  additional   $1,296,900  supported  by  24.0  additional
workyears over the enacted level  from the Hazardous Substance  Response  Trust Fund
appropriation in 1984.

     In 1983, the Agency simplified its enforcement procedures  by requiring that a
detailed site assessment be  concluded prior to  initiation of  enforcement actions.
This provides  the  Agency  with  a  firm  technical  basis  for  negotiations,  enables
responsible  parties to understand "up front"  what is  expected,  and allows EPA to
proceed rapidly with remedial construction if negotiations fail.

     In 1983, enforcement  investigations  were initiated at 30  sites.  To  maintain
the momentum  gained  under this program and the response  program,  the Agency will
initiate  15  investigations in  addition  to the 25 originally  planned to  support en-
forcement  efforts in 1984.  The workyears requested are needed to adequately manage
these  additional  sites.  Contract  funds are  requested  separately  under  the Hazar-
dous Spill and Site Response program.
                                         SF-25
-------
1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $21,393,200  and  195.9  total
workyears from the Hazardous  Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation  for this
program.  These resources  support  continuing  enforcement  actions  at sites  on the
National Priorities List  (NPL)  and other  priority  sites,  including  dioxin  sites,
and cost recovery  efforts where Federal funds  have been  expended.

     In 1984, the Agency  expects to  reach settlements with responsible parties at
11 sites.  The Agency  is initiating  studies  to  develop  potential  solutions  at  25
sites to facilitate  negotiations  with  responsible  parties and  is issuing  CERCLA
Section 106 Adminstrative Orders, monitoring  compliance  with  orders, and providing
technical support   for  the litigation  necessary to  enforce them.   The Agency  is
supporting the development of  8 new  civil  cases to compel private  party  response
and an  estimated  55  ongoing  civil  actions  already filed  by  the   Department  of
Justice on behalf of the Agency.   The  Agency  is increasing its  efforts to recover
Trust Fund  costs  for removal  and  remedial actions  at  approximately  34  sites  or
spills.

1984 Explanation  of Changes from the  Amendment

     There is no  change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

   In 1983, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $11,628,500 and  116.3 total  workyears
from the Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust  Fund  appropriation for  this  program.
These resources supported  the effort  necessary  to begin  enforcement  at  sites  on
the expanded  National  Priorities  List  (NPL)  and to  initiate cost  recovery  where
Federal funds were expended.

   The Agency  developed  technical  enforcement  policies  and  managed a  nationally
consistent program to secure  privately-financed response actions at National  Prior-
ities List  (NPL)   sites.   The  Agency  identified   responsible  parties,  initiated
appropriate administrative actions,  and  supported  legal  actions.   In 1983,  the
Agency reached settlements at  27  sites  for  privately-financed  response  action
valued at  approximately $92,000,000.   The Agency  issued   26  CERCLA  Section  106
Administrative Orders to  abate imminent  hazards,  monitored  compliance with  such
orders, and  provided technical  support for  any litigation that was necessary  to
enforce them.  The  Agency provided technical  enforcement   support  for 48  ongoing
cases and developed 4 new civil  enforcement actions.

     The Agency initiated cost  recovery actions  against  viable  responsible parties
at sites  where Federally-financed  removal  action  had  been  undertaken.   Demand
letters were  issued  to  responsible  parties  and  negotiations   were  conducted  to
recover costs.  Technical  support  was provided  for the  development  of  17  cost
recovery and 9 criminal  cases  for referral to  the Department of Justice.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $7,106,100 supported  by  139.4 total  workyears
from the Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust  Fund  appropriation for  this  program.
This represents an increase of  $2,540,800 and an increase  of  43.9 total  workyears
from 1984.  This increase in total workyears reflects the Agency's increased enforce-
ment efforts.  In  1985,  Headquarters will pursue a consistent and fair legal  approach
through the implementation of  its  enforcement policies.   Specifically, the  Agency
will ensure consistency  in negotiated  settlements  and in  decisions  related  to the
initiation and conduct  of civil  actions.
                                        SF-26
-------
     Legal enforcement efforts in 1985 will focus on providing support for the devel-
opment of  11  cases  to  compel  privately-financed cleanup.  Cases will  be  initiated
at those  sites  where the Fund  can  not be used  or in  other instances  when appro-
priate, such  as when a  precedent-setting issue is involved.  The Agency  will  also
continue to provide legal support for the 77 ongoing  cases which have been referred
to the Department  of Justice.   These  complex  precedent-setting cases are taking
longer to  conclude  than  originally anticipated.  Where  appropriate,  legal  support
will be provided for the development and  issuance of Administrative  Orders, and to
ensure compliance with  these orders.

     The Agency will also  expand  its  support  for the  development  of  cases to re-
cover Trust Fund  monies.  In  1985,  efforts will  focus  on the initiation  of  re-
covery actions at 48 sites  or  spills.   Emphasis will  shift  from  the  recovery  of
removal costs  to  the  more  complex  recoveries  of  remedial  costs  reflecting  the
progress of the Hazardous Substance Response program.

     In addition,   this   program will  support  the  Agency's   dioxin  strategy  by
participating in the identification of  and  negotiations with  responsible  parties
for cleanup of dioxin  at production and  disposal  facilities  identified  as posing
a significant threat to public health.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency is  allocating  $4,565,300  and  95.5 total  workyears  for
this program  from  the   Hazardous   Substance   Response  Trust  Fund   appropriation.
Agency efforts  focus on providing  the   necessary legal  support  in  negotiations
with responsible parties for  privately-financed response actions and  for recovery
of Federal expenditures  from responsible  parties.

     The Agency is  providing  support  to  the   Department  of Justice  for  ongoing
civil actions and  prepares  new  civil cases to  compel private party  response and to
recover Federal  funds expended  in  site cleanup.  Criminal  cases are  developed  as
appropriate.  Legal   support  and documentation   is provided  in the development  and
execution of  negotiated  settlements,  Administrative  Orders,   and  enforcement  of
Administrative Orders and consent  decrees as required.

     In 1984, Headquarters  is  completing initial development of enforcement policies
to ensure a fair and consistent approach  in pursuing  enforcement actions,  including
developing, with the NEIC,  guidelines  for judicially admissible evidence  and docu-
mentation required to establish the liability of responsible  parties.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     The net increase of +$30,200 results from  the following  action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$30,200) A  reprogramming was made to  this  activity  which
was not reportable under the  Congressional  reprogramming limitations.   This change
resulted in a net  increase  of +$30,200.

1983 Accompli shments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated  $2,838,900  and  68.3  total  workyears from  the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation.

     In 1983, the Agency referred  21 new civil  cases  and 9  criminal  cases to  the
Department of Justice.     This includes 4 new cases to  compel  private party response
and 17 new  cases  for  cost  recovery.  Legal support  was  provided  for the active
civil case docket  of 48 cases  and  9 criminal  cases.
                                       SF-27
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                              PAGE

SUPERFUND                                                                     SF-1

    MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Management & Support	     SF-29
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management - Headquarters	     SF-36
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management - Regions	     SF-36
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters....     SF-37
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions	     SF-38
          Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters	     SF-39
          Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions	     SF-39
          Hazardous Substance Computer Services	     SF-40
          Hazardous Substance Legal  Services - Headquarters	     SF-40
          Hazardous Substance Legal  Services - Regions	     SF-41
          Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General	     SF-42
          Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy,  Planning & Evaluation...     SF-43
          Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller	     SF-43
          Hazardous Substance - Office of Research & Development -
              Lab Support	     SF-44
                                       SF-28
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                                     SUPERFUND


                               Management  and Support
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $24,550,500 supported  by  148.9 total  workyears
from the Hazardous Substance  Response  Trust  Fund appropriation for Management  and
Support activities in  1985.   This  represents  an increase  of $5,290,200 and  23.6
total workyears from 1984.

Program Description

     This function provides the full array  of financial,  administrative, and  sup-
port services necessary to  manage  and  implement the Superfund  program.

     Hazardous Substance Financial  Management - Headquarters  and Regions — This
component containstwoprogramelementswhichmaintainfinancial   records,   and
track and  report   on  the  use  of  the  Hazardous  Substance  Response  Trust  Fund.

     Hazardous Substance Administrative Management  - Headquarters and  Regions —
These program  elements  provide  resources  to  fund the  SuperfunH  adimnistrative
services necessary to  award  and administer  contracts,  process personnel  actions,
provide central management  and technical support for Superfund information systems,
acquire and  maintain  Superfund office  and  laboratory  services, and provide tech-
nical assistance  and   training for  the  Superfund  program  staff  to  assure  the
safety of those employees.
     Hazardous Substance Support Services - He^ftqTjarrT^aTuTlTgg'Ton? "="  TfiTs
ponent contains two  program elements which  cover the  costs  of space,  utilities,
printing, equipment, and  other nonpersonnel  support, needs that  are allocable  to
the Superfund appropriation.

     Hazardous Substance Computer Services — This  program element  funds  the data
processing (timesharing) costs  of operating and maintaining  all Superfund inform-
ation systems.

     Hazardous Substance Legal  Services  - Headquarters and Regions  — These program
elements fund  the  activities of  the  Office of the  General  Counsel  (OGC)  and the
Offices of the Regional Counsels  under  Superfund.   These activities include statu-
tory interpretations  of the  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation,
and Liability Act.  (CERCLA),  and the issuance of opinions  and advice regarding the
use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund and other financial,  administra-
tive, or  legal  issues.  In  addition,  OGC  acts  as  the  Agency's  chief  counsel  in
defending regulatory  and  other  Agency  decisions  regarding  the implementation  of
CERCLA.  The  Offices  of the Regional Counsels advise  and assist  the  Regions and
States in interpreting the Act and represent Regions in defensive litigation activ-
ities.

     Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General — This  program element
provides appropriate  auditing  of the Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust  Fund,  as
well as pre-award,  interim,  and  final audits  of  contracts awarded  under the Super-
fund program, and audits of Cooperative Agreements with the States.

     Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation —  This  pro-
gram element  provides  policy" analysis,  program  evaluation, management assessments,
and technical support  and analysis under. the Superfund program.
                                       SF-35
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     Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller — This program element  funds
the activities of the Office of  the  Comptroller  under  Superfund.   These activities
include budget development and  oversight, response to OMR and Congressional  inquir-
ies, analysis of program operating plans,  issuance  of  allowances,  and  resource an-
alyses on  critical   issues  pertaining  to  the  utilization  of  Superfund  monies.

     Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development - Lab Support  — This
program element provides the essential  laboratory support services required to oper-
ate and maintain  the Office of Research and Development's Superfund  program in three
remote laboratories across the country.  These support  services include facilities
operation and maintenance,  utilities and  equipment  operations,  rental  costs,  and
other nonpersonnel   laboratory  support needs  that are  allocable  to the  Superfund
appropriation.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests $389,500 supported by 6.9 total workyears  for this  program
from the Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation, an  increase  of 2.5
workyears and  a  decrease  of $175,400.   The  reduction in  dollars reflects  less
dependence on  contractor  support while  the  increased  workyears  will  provide  for
enhanced accounting and financial controls,  as well as the  full array  of standard
financial services   for  an expanding  Superfund program.  These financial  services
include basic  accounting  and  payroll   support,  processing  all  financial  actions
and vouchers, access to the Financial Management System,  cash  management controls,
and site-specific accounting to support cost recoveries.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is allocating  $564,900 and  4.4 total workyears  for this
program from  the Hazardous  Substance  Response  Trust  Fund appropriation.   These
resources adequately fund all necessary day-to-day financial activities and  overall
guidance and  coordination  of the Regional  finance operations associated with the
Superfund program.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $143,400 and  1.9 total  workyears  for this pro-
gram from  the Hazardous  Substance   Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation  to  provide
sound fiscal  controls and assure the financial  integrity  of the  Superfund program.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  $641,000 supported  by 20.4 total workyears  for this pro-
gram from the  Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation,  an increase
of $122,500 and  2.8 workyears.  This increase  will  enable the Agency  to continue
to meet the  requirements  for sound  financial management  and  fund control  in the
Superfund program  as the level  of   field activity  increases.  The  activities  in
this program  will   parallel  those described  for the  Agency's Regional  Financial
Management program in the Management and Support media.  However,  financial  manage-
ment for the Superfund program is distinguished by the unique nature of the program's
site and  spill   response  actions,  financial   recovery  actions,  and  site-specific
                                       SF-36
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accounting.  These  resources  will   ensure  appropriate  financial  documentation  is
maintained for the collection of monies due  the Fund for Federal response recoveries.
In addition, these  resources will  support  transaction  processing  (travel,  payroll,
vouchers), general ledger activities, imprest fund  services, financial  reporting,
and policy  guidance  and  coordination to Superfund  program offices throughout  the
country.

1984 Program

     The Agency is  allocating  $518,500 and 17.6 total  workyears  for  this  program
from the  Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust  Fund  appropriation.   These  resources
support the expanding Superfund program and meet  the increasing demands for  sound
financial management and  fund control.  Among the responsibilities of  the  Regional
finance offices are:  providing timely and accurate  financial  reports; maintaining
internal controls  to ensure the fiscal integrity of the Fund; billing  and  collect-
ing monies due the Fund for Federal  response  recovery  actions;  coordinating finan-
cial data from other Federal agencies;  and providing accurate and auditable  docu-
ment support for all Superfund  financial transactions.

1984 Explanation of  Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  $167,200 and 5.3 total work.years for  this pro-
gram from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund  appropriation.   The  Regional
finance offices provided  the full range of financial  management activities  described
above.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests $3,351,100 supported by 44.5 total workyears  for this pro-
gram from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation, an  increase of
$256,300 and 5.0 workyears over the 1984 enacted level.   This increase in resources
reflects the need to manage  and monitor the increased level  of  contractor  effort.

     This request provides  centralized administrative services  in the  contracts,
grants, information management, health  and  safety, and personnel  areas.   In  addi-
tion to the  increased  administrative  management  and support  needed  to  implement
long-term contracts, Superfund  contracts require  special  and routine  monitoring,
task order issuances,  and  subcontract  approvals.   The Grants  Administration  Divi-
sion will continue  to  award and  administer Superfund cooperative and  interagency
agreements.   The Superfund Information Systems  staff  will  continue to manage  auto-
mated Superfund  systems  while  emphasizing  the integration  of  new  systems  with
existing Agency systems and  data  bases.  The Occupational Health  and Safety  staff
will develop and  certify training  courses, work  with the  National  Institute  of
Occupational Safety  and  Health  Administration and the U.S.  Coast Guard  on inter-
agency safety task  forces,  and  implement specialized medical  monitoring programs.
The Headquarters Superfund personnel team will  provide staffing  and classification
activities to service Superfund personnel.

1984 Supplemental Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $379,000 supported by 5.0 total  workyears for
this program from the  Hazardous Substance Response Trust  Fund  appropriation.  These
resources support expanding  Superfund  contracting efforts and provide  proper man-
agement of the large multi-task contracts characteristic  of  the  Superfund program.
                                       SF-37
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1984 Program

     The Agency is allocating $3,094,800 and 39.5 total workyears  for  this  program
from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation to  provide central-
ized administrative and management  services.   In  1984,  the Agency is  maintaining
and refining the administrative services initiated in 1983.  Significant  resources
are being devoted to  manage  the contracts  awarded  in 1983  and  to award new  1984
contracts.  In addition, the Agency is implementing and  refining health and  safety
standards and procedures and is continuing to  support the  Superfund program in the
areas of information  management  and  personnel  services.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  $2,394,500  and 26.8 total  workyears  for  this
program from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation.   With
these resources, the  Agency  awarded and administered  the  large mission  contracts
required to carry out  response  and  remedial activities;  provided  central  technical
support for developing, operating, and maintaining all automated  Superfund  inform-
ation systems; and maintained and supported the personnel  requirements  of the  pro-
gram staff.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT  - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests $619,000 supported by 19.0  total  workyears for  this  pro-
gram from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust  Fund  appropriation,  an increase
of $204,900 and 9.0 workyears.  This  request  will  provide  efficient administrative
services for an expanding Regional program by providing overall  management of Super-
fund Regional procurement activities,  coordinating efforts  with  the  Headquarters
Procurement and Contracts  Division,  and interpreting  and disseminating  information
reporting requirements among various Regional  offices  and  other Federal  and State
agencies.  In addition, the Regions will provide a reliable  health and  safety  pro-
gram which protects  the safety of  the Agency's employees.   These resources  will
also allow Regional automated data processing  offices  to  provide  adequate  technical
assistance to support  the site-specific  record keeping requirements of the  Super-
fund program.

1984 Program

     The Agency is allocating  $414,100 and 10.0 total  workyears  for this  program
from the  Hazardous Substance Response Trust  Fund  appropriation.  These  resources
enable the Regions to provide current administrative  management  services,  to manage
Superfund Regional procurement  activities  and  coordinate  efforts  with the Head-
quarters Procurement  and Contracts Division, and to interpret and disseminate Super-
fund specific information  and reporting requirements  among  various  Regional  offices
and other Federal  and State  agencies.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  $1^4,500  and  6.1  total  workyears for  this  pro-
gram from the  Hazardous Substance  Response Trust Fund  appropriation.  These  re-
sources enabled the Regional  Superfund  program  to  meet  growing demands  in  the areas
of contracting and purchasing,  information  management,  and  occupational  health  and
safety.
                                       SF-38
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES  - HEADQUARTERS

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency requests $9,719,200 from the Hazardous Substance  Response
Trust Fund appropriation to cover Headquarters and Agencywide nonpersonnel  support
costs allocable to the Superfund  program.   This  is  an increase of  $3,682,800  over
the 1984 enacted level which  reflects both increasing  costs  in the  support  areas
and an increase of the Agency's  support  costs that  are allocable to  the  Superfund
appropriation.  As  with  Regional  Superfund support, the  amount requested  in  this
program element is  determined  primarily  on  the  basis  of the  ratio  of  Superfund
workyears to total  Agency workyears.   As this  ratio increases,  so  does the Super-
fund program's share of total Agency  support costs.

     This program element provides resources for Superfund's share  of the Agency's
facilities rental,  Federal  Telecommunications  System,  utilities,   local  telephone
service, printing and  copying,  postage,  other building  and  office  services,  and
health and safety training.

1984 Supplemental Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $621,500 from the Hazardous Substance  Response
Trust Fund appropriation for Headquarters  and  Agencywide  Superfund support needs.
This covers additional facilities rental, Federal Telecommunications System, utili-
ties and  other  office,  building and  information management,  service  costs to  be
incurred by additional Superfund  workyears.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating $6,036,400 from the  Hazardous  Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation for Headquarters and  Agencywide Superfund support
needs.  The increase over 1983  reflects expanded  Superfund activity  and  an increase
in the portion of total  support  costs that  are allocable to the  Superfund  appropri-
ation.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the  Amendment

     There is no change from the  amendment.

1983 Accomplishment

     In 1983,  the  Agency  obligated   $4,025,000  from the  Hazardous  Substance  Re-
sponse Trust Fund appropriation  for  the  Superfund  program portion  of the Agency's
space rental,  communications,  utilities,  and other  office  and  building  service
costs.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES  - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests $3,839,000   from  the Hazardous  Substance Response  Trust
Fund appropriation  to cover  Regional Superfund  nonpersonnel  support  costs  such
as utilities,  local  telephone  service,  printing and  copying,  minicomputer  oper-
ations, equipment maintenance,  etc.   This  is  an increase  of $1,751,000  over the
1984 enacted  level,   reflecting  increased   costs to support  the  additional  work-
years provided to the Superfund  program in  1985.   <\s  with Headquarters  Superfund
support, the  amount  requested   in  this  program  element  is  determined  primarily
on the basis  of  the  ratio of Regional Superfund workyears  to total Regional  work-
years.  As  this  ratio increases,  so does  the Superfund  program's share  of total
Regional support  costs.   A  full  description  of the  functions funded  from  this
program element  is  contained in the  Regional  Support   Services program element in
the Management and Support media.
                                       SF-39
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1984 Supplemental  Request

     The Agency requests a total of $400,000 from the Hazardous  Substance  Response
Trust Fund appropriation for Regional  Superfund  support  needs.   This  covers  addit-
ional office, building and  information management  service costs to be  incurred  by
additional Regional Superfund workyears.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency  is allocating  $2,088,000 from  the Hazardous  Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation  to  fund Regional  Superfund support  costs.   The
increase over 1983 reflects  expanded  Regional  Superfund activity and  an  increased
portion of total  Regional support  costs that are allocable to the  Superfund  appro-
priation.

1984 Explanation  of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no  change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $1,527,000  for  this program  from  the  Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund  appropriation  for Regional rent,  communications  and
other nonpersonnel  costs associated with Superfund  in the Regions.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency requests  $1,000,000 from the Hazardous  Substance  Response
Trust Fund  appropriation  to provide  timeshare  services to  the Superfund  program
through our National Computer Center  at Research Triangle Park.  The  reduction  of
$480,000 reflects a decrease in  systems development  and  testing  efforts.   Based  on
spending patterns  and  program  plans, these  resources  will  adequately cover  the
timeshare needs of  existing Superfund  management  information systems  and  support
the integration of Superfund information  systems with  other related Agency systems
and data bases.

1984 Prograrn

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating $1,480,000  for  this  program  from the Hazar-
dous Substance Response Trust  Fund  appropriation   to  fund  the direct  timeshare
charges attributable to  Superfund  systems, including  a  portion of the Agencywide
computer facility management contracts, rental  of  hardware  and  software,  and main-
tenance and operational costs.

1984 Explanation  of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no  change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated $516,500  for this  program  from  the  Hazardous
Substance Response Trust  Fund  appropriation to  provide timeshare  services  to  the
Superfund program.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the  Agency requests  $250,100  supported by  5.0 total  workyears  for
this program  from  the Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation,  an
                                        SF-40
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increase of $6,600.  These  resources will  enable  the Office of General  Counsel  to
provide continued support  to  the Superfund program  through  advice and  assistance
to Agency Superfund managers.  This includes consultation on  financial  and  admini-
strative matters, legal  support for the development  and defense of  regulations  and
disbursement decisions,  and legal guidance on statutory interpretations  and develop-
ment of response priorities.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating $243,500 and  5.0  total  workyears for this
program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.   The Office
of General Counsel is providing  advice  and consultation  on financial and adminis-
trative matters,  such  as  eligible  uses  of the  Fund and  other  Agency appropri-
ations, staffing, and budget  activities;  legal  guidance  in  program  matters such
as interpretation of the statute and the National  Contingency Plan; and  defense  of
the Agency in any litigation brought against it.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change  from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $83,700 and 1.7  total  workyears for this pro-
gram from the  Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust  Fund appropriation.   The  Office
of General Counsel  provided legal   guidance in program matters  such  as statutory
interpretation and  development of response priorities, review of  proposed  regula-
tory actions and  defense  of the Agency where  litigation  had  been  brought  against
it.            _


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES  - REGIONS

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency  requests  $691,700 supported  by  14.3 total workyears  for
this program from the Hazardous Substance  Response Trust  Fund  appropriation. This
is an  increase  of $220,800 and 4.3  workyears  to support  anticipated  Regional par-
ticipation in defensive  litigation.   The Offices  of Regional  Counsels  will continue
to provide  legal  assistance by  reviewing  EPA  Cooperative  Agreements with  States
for legal  sufficiency,  advise  States  to assure  appropriate  legal authorities  to
qualify for participation  in  Fund-financed actions,  respond  to  challenges  to  en-
forcement activities, determine  eligible  uses  of the  Fund,  and  advise  on  Federal
procurement and treatment of confidential  information.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating $470,900 and  10.0 total workyears  for this
program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.   The  Re-
gional program  includes  such  activities  as reviewing EPA Cooperative  Agreements
with States  for  legal  sufficiency,  assisting State agencies in assuring  legal
authorities to  qualify  participation in  Fund-financed actions,  and  responding to
legal  challenges to Agency actions.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net decrease of -$5,200 results from the following action:

     -Reprogramrning.  (-$5,200)  A   reprogramming  was  made to  this activity  which
was not  reportable  under  the  Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.  This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$5,200.
                                       SF-41
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1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated  $215,400  and 5.6 total workyears  for  this pro-
gram from the Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust Fund appropriation.   The  Offices
of Regional  Counsels assisted the States on  legal matters  concerning  Fund-financed
removal and remedial actions.  This  involved advising State agencies on  the  legal
requirements under CERCLA  and  assisting in  drafting, negotiating  and  documenting
the terms of  EPA Cooperative Agreements with States.   In addition, the  Regional
Counsels advised on legal problems  associated with  EPA removal  and remedial  activi-
ties.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF  THE INSPECTOR GENERAL

1985 Program Request

     In 1985, the Agency requests $3,109,600 supported by  29.8 total  workyears for
this program  from the Hazardous  Substance Response  Trust Fund  appropriation,  an
increase of $39,400.  This  increase will  enable the Office of the Inspector General
to perform  internal  audits to  improve the  economy, efficiency,  and  effectiveness
of the Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund's management.   For  example,  audits
assess the adequacy of Agency site  cleanup  efforts, Federal and State cost recovery
efforts, and Federal or  State  oversight  of emergency  response actions.  Financial
audits of the Fund and external  contracts and agreements will  continue  to  be audi-
ted by public accounting firms under  contract.   These  investigative  resources will
enable the  Office  of the  Inspector General  to  identify and  eliminate situations
which create the opportunity for fraud and  abuse.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating  $3,070,200  and  29.8  total  workyears  for
this program from the Hazardous  Substance Response  Trust  Fund appropriation.  These
resources enable the  Office of  Inspector General  to perform internal audits  to
improve the economy, efficiency,  and effectiveness  of the Fund's management. Finan-
cial audits of the Fund  and external  contracts  and  agreements  are  being audited  by
public accounting  firms  under  contract.   Investigative  resources are  supporting
the Office  of the  Inspector  General's  efforts  to identify  and  eliminate situations
which create the opportunity for fraud and  abuse.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency obligated  $1,289,700  and  19.9 total  workyears  for this
program from the Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund  appropriation.  The  obli-
gated amount included $172,000 for  audits  conducted by other  Federal agencies and
$275,000 for audits  conducted by  independent public accounting  firms.  The Office
of the Inspector General completed  its review and  submitted to Congress  the  final
report on the Hazardous Substance Response  Trust Fund on  March 31, 1983.

     During 1983, the Office  of Inspector General  issued  72  audit  reports  on the
Fund.  Internal   audit  reports  recommended the  implementation  of major changes  to
the Agency's accounting  system and  procurement  procedures  to  assure charges to the
Fund were appropriate  and  to help prevent excessive charges  on  emergency  cleanup
contracts.

     External audits questioned  $16  million  of  the approximately  $230  million
audited.  Agency  officials  sustained  the  vast  majority  of  costs questioned and
took prompt  action to reduce the amount of  awards and credits or to initiate neces-
sary recovery actions.
                                       SF-42
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY.  PLANNING AND  EVALUATION

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests $637,700 supported by  4.0 total  workyears  for this  program
from the  Hazardous  Substances  Response Trust   Fund  appropriation,  a decrease  of
$194,700.  This reduction reflects a  shift in  emphasis  from program implementation
and evaluation to technical  support and analysis.  This request will  maintain  the
workyears committed to policy direction  and analysis  in  the Office  of Policy Analy-
sis, technical support and analysis  in the Office of  Standards and  Regulations,  and
program evaluation in the Office  of Management Systems  and Evaluation.   This will
ensure that  Superfund  policies meet  Agencywide  guidelines  and are supported  by
comprehensive economic and management  analyses.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating  $832,400  and 4.0  total  workyears for this
program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.  The Offices
of Policy Analysis,  Standards and Regulations,  and  Management  Systems  and Evalu-
ation are providing policy  development,  reviewing guidance for implementing regu-
lations, and  conducting program  evaluations   of  Superfund's  management  systems,
activities, and accomplishments.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accompl i sments

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $683,600 and 2.1  total workyears  for this  pro-
gram from the  Hazardous Substance  Response Trust Fund  appropriation.   These  re-
sources were used to fund the  following activities."  the  Office  of Policy Analysis
prepared and  analyzed   policy  and program implementation  issues;  the  Office  of
Standards and Regulations provided  statistical  and technical  support  of the regu-
latory development process;  and the  Office of  Management Systems  and  Evaluation
provided the program with effective management  systems  and accurate assessments of
program activities and accomplishments.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE  COMPTROLLER
1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests $202,600 supported by 5.0 total  workyears for this program
from the  Hazardous  Substance  Response  Trust Fund  appropriation, a  decrease  of
$189,000.  The reduction in  resources  reflects  decreased contractor  support.   The
Office of the  Comptroller  will  coordinate  and  prepare  the OMB  and  Congressional
budget  submission,  respond to Congressional inquiries, and  provide fund oversight
activities including  ongoing resource  reviews  for the  Superfund  program.   These
functions will be especially critical  in 1985 when program expenditures and activi-
ties will increase.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating  $391,600  and  5.0 total  workyears  for  this
program from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.   These re-
sources support  the  ongoing budget  activities  described  above  and fund  contract
efforts to  identify  and   analyze  major  resource  issues  related  to  Superfund.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.
                                      SF-43
-------
1983 Accomplishments,

     In 1983, the Agency  obligated  $100,400 and 3.3 total workyears  for this pro-
gram from the  Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation.   The  Office
of the Comptroller prepared the  1984 Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund Con-
gressional budget submission and  the 1985 budget submission to the Office  of Man-
agement and  Budget;  provided  allowances  and  other budget  control mechanisms  for
1983 funds;  reviewed  and  analyzed   1984  operating plans;  and  conducted  resource
analyses on  critical  issues  pertaining to the  utilization  of  Superfund  monies.
These included methods to improve obligation patterns  and workyear charging, effi-
cient utilization of  resources designated for  equipment and  research  and develop-
ment projects, and fund balancing projections.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - LAB SUPPORT

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $100,000  for  this program from  the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation,  an increase  of $45,000.   These  re-
sources will  provide  essential  support  services   for three  remote  Research  and
Development laboratories   which  have workyears  performing research  in  the  Hazar-
dous Substances area.  These  resources  will  adequately fund such  items  as  facili-
ties operation and  maintenance,  utilities  and  equipment  operations,   rental  costs
and other nonpersonnel support costs that are  allocable to  the  Superfund appropri-
ation.  These  resources are essential  for the  operation  and maintenance of ORO's
Superfund research program.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total of $55,000  for this program from
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund  appropriation.   These resources pro-
vide for the essential services,  as described above,  which  are  required to oper-
ate and  maintain the Office  of  Research and Development's  Superfund  program  in
three remote laboratories.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     The net increase of  +$55,000 results  from  the  following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$55,000)   This reprogramming transferred +$55,000 from the
Environmental Engineering  and Technical Support  program into this program  to pro-
vide funds for Superfund  related  lab support  activities in the Office  of Research
and Development.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $54,400 for this  program  from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation.  This funding  provided  for
the essential laboratory  support  services  associated  with  the Superfund  research
program in three of the Office  of Research and  Development's  remote  laboratories.
                                        SF-44
-------
-------
-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1985 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents



                                                                              PAGE

SUPERFUND                                                                     SF-1

    HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
       Hazardous Substance Response - EPA	    SF-46
          Hazardous Spill  8 Site Response	    SF-48
          Assessing 8 Replacing Natural Resources	    SF-51
          Multi-media Support	    SF-52
       Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	    SF-53
          Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)	    SF-56
          United States Coast Guard (USCG)	    SF-57
          Department of Justice (DOJ)	    SF-57
          Federal  Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)	    SF-58
          FEMA - Relocation	    SF-58
          National  Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)	    SF-58
          Department of Interior (DOI)	    SF-58
          Occupational  Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) -
             Headquarters	    SF-59
       Hazardous Waste Site Inventory	    SF-61
                                       SF-45
-------





































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-------
                                     SUPERFUNH


           Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental  Protection Agency


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total of  $536,071,000 supported  by  641.8 total  work-
years for 1985 from  the  Hazardous  Substance Response Trust Fund  appropriation,  an
increase of  $221,433,400  and  117.9 total  workyears  over  1984.   The increase  re-
flects an acceleration of the Superfund program  and an  increase in the number  of
sites where  the  more  expensive  remedial  construction will  be undertaken.   This  is
in contrast  to earlier years  in which the  initial emphasis  of the program was  on
developing basic policies and guidance  for  program  implementation  and  performing
the necessary preliminary site planning work.

Program Description

     This program is  responsible for  protecting public health and  the  environment
from the dangers associated  with releases of hazardous  substances into the  environ-
ment by providing the  necessary funding and support  to undertake  short-term emer-
gency responses  and  long-term  site  cleanup.  The activities  include  responding  to
spills and emergency releases of hazardous  substances,  conducting remedial  work  at
abandoned and  uncontrolled  hazardous  waste  sites,  and   assessing and  replacing
natural resources  damaged by  hazardous substances.   The  authority  to  carry  out
these activities is provided by the Comprehensive Environmental  Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA).

     Hazardous Spill and Site Response —  The  Agency   coordinates  an   emergency
response program to deal  with the most  serious hazardous substance  spills  and site
emergencies where the  responsible party or State and local governments  are unable
to respond   adequately.   The   Agency   also  conducts  a  comprehensive  program  to
evaluate all  known  hazardous  waste  sites,  to establish  priorities  for  remedial
response, and  to undertake  the  appropriate  remedy  at  as  many sites  as possible.
The Headquarters portion  of  the program  establishes  the  policy framework,  coor-
dinates the  setting of priorities,  administers the response resources, and  provides
implementation guidance.  The  Regions have the lead responsibility for  conducting
all the preliminary  field work  to  identify the problems and  for  managing  the res-
ponse work.

     Assessing and Replacing Natural Resources -- CERCLA   authorizes  payments  for
costs associated with  Federal  or State efforts to restore,  rehabilitate,  replace,
or acquire  the equivalent of  natural  resources  damaged as  a result  of hazardous
substance releases.  The  Agency, in conjunction  with other Federal agencies, will
determine if  significant  or irreplaceable  damage  to  natural  resources has  resulted
from a  release of  hazardous  substances, determine the economic impact of  any such
damage, evaluate  alternatives  for  restoring  or  replacing  these  damaged  natural
resources, and finance the costs of restoration or rehabilitation.

     Mul t i-mediaSupport— This program  provides  multi-media   interdisciplinary
support forCERCLA.  The  program   will  fund  activities   necessary to  inform  the
public of the actions  the Agency is taking under CERCLA and  to  allow the  affected
community an  opportunity to participate.


HAZARDOUS SPILL  AND SITE RESPONSE

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of $535,607,400  supported by 631.R total workyears
from the  Hazardous  Substance Response Trust  Fund appropriation  to conduct  removal
                                         SF-48
-------
and remedial  response  actions in  1985.   This is  an increase  of ^222,223,500  or
71% and  112.9 total  workyears  from the  1984 appropriated  levels.  The  increase
reflects the  continued  momentum  of  the  program  in  initiating  planning  work  at
additional  sites on the National  Priorities  List (NPL) and in  proceeding  with  the
more expensive implementation work at sites where planning is  completed.

     Removal:   The Agency expects to receive and screen 6,000  hazardous  substances
release notifications  in 1985 to determine what, if  any,  response is  required.   In
the majority of cases, the  responsible  party, State or local  government will  take
the lead in addressing  the problem.  In  situations  where more than  one  State is
involved or where  there  is  an  unusually complex  problem,  the  Federal  government
will coordinate and fund the response.   EPA and  the Coast  Guard  will continue to
maintain a  core emergency  response  capability in 1985, including EPA's  Environmen-
tal Response  Team,  comprised  of  Agency  employees  with  special engineering  and
scientific  expertise.

     In 1985,  the Agency will continue the expanded removal  program, begun  in 1983,
to stabilize  sites where  significant threats  existed, while  additional  long-term
response was being considered.  These efforts  enabled  the Agency to take immediate
action to protect public health  and  the environment without  waiting for  the  com-
pletion of   long-term  analysis of  the  site  or the  results of more  detailed  site
assessments.  The Agency expects  that the total   number  of immediate removal  act-
ions will remain fairly stable at 150 sites and spills  per year.

     In addition  to  responding  to  emergencies,  planned  removals will   be  taken
where an immediate response  is  not critical, but some early  response is  necessary
to protect  public health or the environment.   The  Agency  will  undertake  20 planned
removal actions in 1985.

     The Agency will also  be conducting investigations of known dioxin  production
and disposal  facilities.  Where appropriate,  removal actions  will I>e~~undertaken at
those facilities where a significant Wreat" to public ~heaTth~~existFI  nioxin sites
may also be scored, when appropriate, using the hazard  ranking system for inclusion
on the National Priorities  List (NPL) for eventual  remedial  action.

     Remedial:  Planning  for and  implementing  remedial  response  is a  difficult
task.Thework at a  site,  from hazard  ranking  through remedial  investigation/
feasibility study and  design to  the completion  of  implementation, will  take  be-
tween 30 and 50 months.  Many factors, including  the cooperation of the  responsible
parties, availability   of  State  resources, and  changes  in field conditions  will
influence the program's progress.  To  ensure that sites  are   addressed  as quickly
as possible,  EPA  will  develop site management plans  for  each  site on the  National
Priorities  List.  These  plans will  enable the Agency  to coordinate all  proposed
response and  enforcement  actions  at a  given  site and  monitor  its progress  in
addressing the site.

     The Agency is  committed to  ensuring that  the  site  remedies are  both  tech-
nically sound  and cost-effective.  This  requires  that  detailed  studies be  under-
taken to characterize the problem, collect and analyze the data necessary to deter-
mine the potential range of  solutions,  and to evaluate and  select the most effect-
ive course  of  action.   In  1985,  the Agency  will   be  managing  remedial  response
activities  at approximately  260 sites where  Fund-financed response is anticipated.
Sixty-nine  of  these  sites  will  have   remedial  investigation/feasibility  studies
started in   1985.   The  remaining  sites  are those where  action was  initiated   in
previous years.

     Once this  step is  completed, the  final  remedial  action  is  selected, the de-
tailed engineering design for the proposed action  is developed, and the  actual  im-
plementation of the remedy  is carried  out by either  the States,  where they have
elected to  take the lead,  or contractors under the direction  of the  Army  Corps of
                                       SF-49
-------
Engineers.  In 1985, design  work will  be  started at  68 sites  and  implementation
at 46 sites.  This will  bring the total  number  of sites where a  solution  has  been
selected and design and/or construction  started  to 135 by the end of  1985 includ-
ing the supplemental.

     State Participation:  The  Agency will  encourage  as  many  States  as possible to
participate in  ongoing  response  actions.   The  Agency  expects  that  States  will
enter into Cooperative Agreements for approximately $102 million  for site  response
actions.  This is a substantial increase of $52  million  or  104%  over the anticipa-
ted level  from  enacted  1984 funds.   Efforts will  continue  in  1985  to  encourage
States to  assume  greater  responsibility for development  and  operation  of  their
own response programs.   This  will  include providing advice  and guidance on  organiz-
ing response  capability; reviewing  and  suggesting improvements  in  technical  re-
sources and  staff;  providing technical  assistance;  identifying  technical,  health
and safety training needs; and  assisting in  determining  possible financial mechan-
isms that  States  can   adopt to  support  their  current  and  future   activities.

     Interagency Support:  Resources   to support  incident-specific  activities  of
other agencies will be provided under this program.   Examples of incident-specific
activities that  may be  performed  by other agencies  include health studies  at NPL
sites by  the  Department  of  Health  and Human  Services,  permanent  and  temporary
relocation of individuals at NPL sites  by the  Federal  Emergency  Management Agency,
and the U.S. Coast Guard response to  hazardous  spill  incidents occurring in coastal
waters.

1984 Supplemental  Request

     The Agency  is  requesting  $47,302,600  supported by  21.0 total work.years  over
the enacted level  from the Hazardous Substance  Response Trust  Fund appropriation
for 1984.

     In 1983, the Agency eliminated the State cost share requirements  for remedial
planning and  simplified   the enforcement  process.   These  changes  helped  enable
the Agency to initiate  planning for Fund-financed response  at  85  sites.

     The requested funds  in  1984 will  enable the Agency to  continue this  momemtum
by initiating  20 additional  remedial  investigations  for  eventual   Fund-financed
response, 10  additional  designs  and begin  construction  at   2  additional  sites.
Contract funding  is  also requested  under  this  program to  fund  15  additional  en-
forcement investigations which will  be  managed  under  the Hazardous Substance Tech-
nical Enforcement program.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $313,383,900 and  518.9  total
workyears from  the Hazardous   Substance  Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation  for
this program.  The  majority  of work in  1984  will be  geared  toward  initiating the
necessary remedial  investigations  and feasibility studies,  continuing to work on
sites initiated during  1982  and 1983,  and responding  to  those  emergencies  where
a Federal response is required.

     Removal:  The Agency will  direct the response at 150 major hazardous substance
releases and  20  planned  removals and will provide  on-scene  assistance  at 300 re-
leases of hazardous  substances.  In addition,  the  regulatory and guidance  frame-
work will  be  completed  for  the removal program,  including  promulgation  of  final
regulations on CERCLA notification, on reportable quantities,  and on the designation
of additional hazardous  substances.

     Remedial:  In 1984,  the Agency  will  focus its remedial  efforts on initiating
remedial investigations/feasibility  studies  at  sites on  the National  Priorities
List (NPL) and beginning design and implementation at sites where planning has  been
                                         SF-50
-------
completed.  The Agency will  conduct  4,000 preliminary assessments of  sites,  1,300
site inspections,  55  remedial  investigations/feasibility  studies at  sites  where
a Fund-financed  response  is  anticipated, 30  engineering designs, and 15  renedial
actions.

     As in 1985,  site-specific  work  undertaken by  other agencies in 1984 will  be
funded under this program when requested by  on-scene personnel.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the  Amendment

     The net decrease of -$25,025,000 results  from the following actions:

     -Reprogrammings.  (-$25,025,000)  A  reprogramming was  made to this  activity
which was not  reportable  under  the Congressional  reprogramming  limitations.   This
change resulted in a net decrease of  -$25,000.

     An additional reprogramming of -$25,000,000 was transferred from this  activity
to the FEMA  allocation  program  reflecting the  remaining $24,000,000 of the  total
$33,100,000 designated  for  the  Times  Beach,  Missouri  relocation project  and  the
$1,000,000 for the Globe,  Arizona relocation  project.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated $166,239,900 and  410.2 total  workyears  from the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program.   Operations
were directed at  formulating the  basic  operating  policies  and establishing the im-
plementation mechanisms  for  the program.  Additionally,  by the  end of 19R3,  the
Agency had developed  Interagency  Agreements with  the Corps of Engineers and  other
Federal agencies  and  awarded Cooperative Agreements  at  59  sites since  1981.   The
Agency had designated 546 sites  as national  priority  sites  and  initiated  remed**^
investigations at 136 sites  where Fund-financed res-pons-e-is  antiei-pnted.-—   	

     Specific accomplishments in  1983  included  the processing of over 4,600  noti-
fications of releases of  hazardous substances; directing 88  immediate removals  at
major hazardous substances incidents and  6 planned  removals;  monitoring  400  remov-
als of hazardous  substances   carried  out by  the  responsible party  or  State  and
local authorities;  conducting  1,891   preliminary  assessments  of   sites  and  550
site inspections;  and initiating  85  remedial investigations/feasibility  studies,
11 engineering designs,  and  6 remedial  actions.


ASSESSING AND REPLACING  NATURAL RESOURCES

1985 Program Request

     To date no  claims  have  been  approved.   Therefore, in  1985, the Agency  will
not request  funds for this  program.  Funding  appropriated  in  previous years  is
available to be used for costs associated with Federal or State efforts to  restore,
rehabilitate, replace, or  acquire the  equivalent  of natural  resources  damaged  as
a result of hazardous substance releases.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency is  allocating  a total of  $1,009,700 and 1.0  total  workyear
from the Hazardous  Substance Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation to this  program.
These resources  can  support  up  to  two  damage  assessments  and  one  restoration
action.

1984 Explanation of Changes  from the  Amendment

     There is no change  from the amendment.
                                        SF-51
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  no  funds  were obligated  for this  program because  no  claims  were
received.


MULTI-MEDIA SUPPORT

1985 Program Request

     In 1985,  the  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $463,600  supported  by 10.0  total
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation  to provide
interdisciplinary support for CERCLA,  an  increase  of $219,600 and  6.0 total  work-
years from  1984.   The  increase provides  additional  support  to  ensure  effective
public participation in  an expanded  Superfund  program.  Until 1984 the  need  for
these activities were  minimal.   However,  as the Agency completes  planning efforts
at a larger  number  of sites and  begins  to  select  and  implement  solutions,  the
Agency must ensure  that  the  public  is adequately  informed  of site  response  de-
cisions and has an opportunity to participate.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $244,000  and  4.0 total  work-
years from the  Hazardous Substance  Response Trust  Fund appropriation  to  this pro-
gram.  These  resources  will  support  the  ongoing  Superfund  program activities  to
ensure adequate public participation in the Superfund program.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, no funds were obligated for this  program.
                                        SF-52
-------
































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SF-54
-------
                                     SUPERFUND


                      Hazardous Substance Response-Interagency
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of  $17,820,400  from the Hazardous  Substance  Re-
sponse Trust Fund  appropriation  for Interagency activities in  1985,  a  decrease of
$19,853,000 from 1984.  The  major portion of this  decrease  reflects  the fact that
1984 funding included $25,000,000 for the permanent  relocation  of  residents of the
Times Beach, Missouri  Superfund  site.   The  requested  resources will  support  the
ongoing Superfund  program activities of  the Department  of  Health and  Human Ser-
vices, the  United  States  Coast  Guard,  the  Department   of  Justice,  the  National
Oceanographic and  Atmospheric  Administration,  the  Department  of   Interior,  the
Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the Occupational Safety and Health Admini-
stration.

Program Description

     Executive Order  12316,   signed  by  the  President   in  August  1981,  requires
the Agency to  manage an interagency  budget  process  culminating in a consolidated
budget request for the  entire Superfund program.   The activities  of  other Federal
agencies are  divided  into  two  basic  categories.   The first  category  includes
those activities which  are episodic in nature  and  are  taken in direct  support of
specific site or spill  response actions.   With the  exception  of the  Federal  Emer-
gency Management Agency (FEMA),  these  actions are  paid on  a  reimbursable  basis
from the  funds  appropriated  to the  Hazardous Spill and  Site Response  program.
The second  category  of  other Federal  agency involvement  is  support  ^or  ongoing
activities which are generally  not  incident-specific.   These  activities "TncTirae~~
developing program policies   and guidance,  conducting  health   research,  training
response personnel,  litigating  civil  and  criminal  cases, and  providing scientific
and technical advice to EPA  on-scene coordinators.   These  actions  are  financed by
the funds requested  in  this  subactivity.   All funds  are provided  through  transfer
allocation accounts with  the exception  of the USCG.  Funds  are transferred to the
USCG on a reimbursable basis.

     Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) — CERCLA established an Agency
for ToxicSubstancesand  DiseaseRegistry  within  the  Department  of   Health  and
Human Services which has  authority  to investigate  complaints  of illness or disease
related to exposure to hazardous substances, to conduct health studies and surveys,
to develop appropriate testing for exposed individuals,  and to develop and maintain
information  on health effects  of toxic  substances.   EPA works  closely  with HHS to
develop policies and  procedures to ensure  a coordinated Federal approach  in conduct-
ing these activities.

     United  States  Coast Guard (USCG) — The  USCG has the  authority under  CERCLA
to respond to any  release  or threatened release involving the  coastal  zone,  Great
Lakes waters,  ports, and  harbors.  The  USCG provides  training to  maintain this
response capability,  conducts  enforcement  activities as necessary in  their  areas
of responsibility,  and maintains the National Response Center.

     Department of  Justice (DOJ) — The Attorney General  has responsibility to con-
duct and control all litigation arising under  CERCLA.   EPA prepares the  required
technical and legal  documentation and  cooperates  with  DOJ  in the negotiation of
consent decrees for privately-financed response actions.

     Federal  Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)  —  FEMA   has  the  authority  under
CERCLA to provide temporary  and  permanent relocation  housing for individuals  whose
health is threatened by hazardous  waste sites.   EPA  supports  FEMA  in establishing
the necessary core staff  in  both Headquarters and Regions  in  order to  effectively
carry out delegated functions.
                                        SF-55
-------
     Federal  Emergency  Management;  Agency -  Relocation  —  FEMA   provides   temporary
and permanenthousingrelocation£oindividualsthreatened by  hazardous  waste.

     National Oceanographic and Atmospheric  Administration (NOAA)  --  The  National
Contingency Plan designates NOAA as Federal  Trustee for  certain  natural  resources
which may be lost  or  damaged  as a result of hazardous  substance  discharges.   NOAA
also provides scientific  and technical support for responses to  spills  and hazardous
materials in coastal  and marine waters.

     Department of Interior (DPI) —  The  National  Contingency  Plan designates 001
as Federal Trustee for  certain natural  resources which may  be  lost  or  damaged  as
a result of hazardous substance discharges.   DOI also provides  scientific and tech-
nical support in the  areas  of resource  damage assessment  through  participation  on
National and Regional  Response Teams.

     Occupational Safety and Health  Administration (OSHA)  — OSHA  has   responsi-
bility for worker  protection  at Superfund  sites.The Health   Response  Team (HRT)
provides assistance to EPA officials  and other on-site  personnel to protect workers
at hazardous waste  sites and  develops  guidelines  to  improve  current methods  for
worker protection.


DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES  (HHS)

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $9,495,000 from  the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation  for  this program.  This  increase of  $4,495,000  reflects
the additional management of health support that EPA anticipates  will  be needed as
the number of  sites where EPA is taking action  increases  in  1985.  These resources
will enable HHS to develop protocols  for site-specific disease  registries  and con-
duct birth  defect  studies  at  Superfund  sites, to support the   Headquarters  and
field core staff  necessary to  provide  scientific  and  technical advice to  EPA on-
scene coordinators when  assessing  the public health hazard at  priority  sites, and
to review environmental  test  results  for indications of  hunan  health hazards.  On
an ongoing basis, HHS will  provide health related  guidance and  will manage labora-
tory support for emergency response.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of $5,000,000 from  the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation  to this program for the ongoing activi-
ties of  HHS.   In addition  to these  1984 funds, HHS has  approximately  $2,515,100
in obligational authority remaining from its 1983 appropriation.  HHS is  collecting
the information  and  developing the  procedures  necessary  to  provide  continuing
health related  support  to  the  Superfund  program.  Included   are development  of
health related  field  guidance  in  support  of  Agency  emergency  response  actions,
development of  standard  guidelines for  the  conduct of health  and epidemiological
studies at  NPL sites, production  of  worker health and  safety technical  guidance
and field manuals  for individuals  involved  in  response actions,  and  toxicological
testing of chemicals found at NPL  sites.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is  no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  $7,140,900  was  obligated  from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation  by HHS.  These  resources provided health  related activities, as
mandated  by  CERCLA.   Scientific support and ongoing support for emergency  response
activities were  continued at  an increased number of sites.  Toxicology testing and
worker health  and safety  research  efforts were expanded.
                                        SF-56
-------
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $2,192,000 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund  appropriation  for this  program.   This decrease of  $1,482,400  reflects
reduced training  requirements  by the USCG  in  1985.  The  USCG will  ensure  CERCLA
financial responsibility  requirements  are met,  train emergency  response personnel
using program  modules  and simulation  drills,  staff  the CERCLA  component  of  the
National Response  Center,  and  maintain  records  of  characteristics  of  certain
chemicals.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $3,674,400  from the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for the USCG.  These  resources  will  be
used to purchase  safety equipment,   conduct  response  training for  USCG personnel,
upgrade capabilities at the  National  Response  Center, and provide  field data  sys-
tems to support response programs.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There was no change to this program.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983,  the Agency obligated  $1,514,800  from the Hazardous  Substance Trust
Fund appropriation  for  the   USCG.   These  resources  provided  on-site  personnel
training and  USCG  enforcement  activities.   In  addition,  these  funds  supported
information systems and the operation of the National  Response Center.


DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $4,822,000  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Re-
sponse Trust Fund appropriation.  The increase of $1,539,600  will  be used to liti-
gate an expanding caseload.  There will  be additional  civil  cases to compel respon-
sible party action,  and additional   criminal  and cost   recovery  cases.  DOJ  will
continue to litigate existing  cases.  These complex and  unprecedented cases  remain
on the docket  longer than  anticipated  resulting  in  an increasing  caseload.   These
funds will also  be  used to  support  the  operation of a system which provides auto-
mated data  support  for  complex  cases.   DOJ  will  continue to  provide legal  advice
and assistance to EPA  in  negotiations   with  responsible parties  and  issuance  of
administrative orders and to defend  all  actions  brought against the Fund.

1984 Program

     In 1984,  the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $3,282,400  from the Hazardous
Substance Response  Trust  Fund  appropriation  for  DOJ.   The  Department  of  Justice
is continuing to  litigate  suits previously  initiated  and is  filing  precedent  set-
ting suits against  responsible  parties  to compel  removal and  remedial  actions  and
to recover  Federal   response   costs  incurred   from  the  Fund.   The  Department  of
Justice is also  providing assistance in  negotiations  with responsible  parties  and
in the  issuance  of administrative  orders,  and  provides the  government's  defense
in cases filed against CERCLA.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.
                                        SF-57
-------
1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated $1,937,400 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund  appropriation  for DOJ.  These  resources were  used  for  litigation  and
other enforcement-related activities.


FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $234,000 from the Hazardous  Response Trust Fund
appropriation for FEMA's ongoing activities.  These  resources will  be  used to sup-
port FEMA's Regional Response Team, and to  provide management support and oversight
for temporary and permanent relocations.

1984 Program

     No resources were allocated  to this program in 1984.

1983 Accomplishments

     No resources were allocated  to this program in 1983.


FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY -  RELOCATION

1985 Program Request

     No resources are  requested   for  this  program  in 1985.  Resources  for  site-
specific relocations will  be transferred as  required from the  Hazardous  Spill  and
Site Response program.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the Agency  is allocating a total  of $25,000,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation  for FEMA.  These resources  will be used
to support  permanent  relocation  of residents,  businesses  or community  facilities
from the Times Beach, Missouri  and Globe, Arizona Superfund sites.

1984 Explanation of Changes from  the Amendment

     The net increase of +$25,000,000  results from the following action:

     -Reprogramming.  (+$25,000,000)  A reprogramming of +$25,000,000 was transfered
to this activity from the Hazardous Spill and  Site  Response program reflecting the
remaining $24,000,000  of  the  total   $33,100,000  designated  for  the Times  Beach,
Missouri relocation  project  and  the $1,000,000  for the  Globe, Arizona  relocation
project.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, the Agency obligated $7,455,500 from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund  appropriation.   These  resources  were  used for permanent and temporary
relocation  of  residents  at Times  Beach, Missouri  and other  site-specific reloca-
tions.


NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)

1985 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $500,000  from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund  appropriation  an increase  of  $250,000  from  1984.  The  additional  re-
                                        SF-58
-------
sources will  be used  by  NOAA to provide  and  evaluate  updated  field monitoring
methods for  sampling and  analyzing  contaminants  discharged into  marine  environ-
ments.  NOAA  will   continue  to  conduct  spill  simulations  at  selected ports,  to
provide updated  protective  equipment,   and  to  participate   on  Regional  Response
Teams.

1984  Program

      In 1984,  the  Agency   is  allocating  $250,000  from the Hazardous  Substance
Response Trust  Fund appropriation  for  this  program to  provide  training  for  the
scientific response team, to purchase and maintain protective equipment for person-
nel,  and to maintain field instrumentation.

1984  Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

      There is no change from the amendment.

1983  Accomplishments

      In 1983, EPA  obligated $348,300  from the Hazardous Substance  Response Trust
Fund  appropriation  for  NOAA  activities.  These  resources  were  used  to  purchase
equipment and  to  prepare   for  conducting  natural   resource damage  assessments.


DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR (DPI)

1985  Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of  $355,000  from the Hazardous  Substance  Response
Trust Fund appropriation  for DOI,  an  increase  of $40,000 from  1984.   These addi-
tional resources will enable nine Department  of Interior  bureaus  with expertise in
their area of  concern,  to  more  effectively participate  on  the  National  Response
Team.  DOI will  continue to coordinate the activities of these bureaus in support
of EPA's  basic  mission  of  spill and site response.  Funds  will also  be  utilized
for the development of State and local contingency plans.

1984  Program

      In 1984, the  Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $315,000  from the  Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund  appropriation for  DOI.  In 1984, the DOI  is parti-
cipating on the Regional  and National Response Teams by  providing damage assessment
expertise.

1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment

     There is no change from the amendment.

1983 Accomplishments

      In 1983, no resources  were allocated for this program.


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)

1985 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of  $222,400 from the Hazardous Substance  Response
Trust Fund appropriation for  OSHA.   This increase  of $70,800 will  allow  the  OSHA
Health Response  Team to provide EPA  officials and other  responsible  personnel  with
additional technical assistance  in  protecting workers at  Superfund sites,  and  to
enforce existing worker safety standards.
                                        SF-59
-------
1984 Program
     In 1984,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $151,600  from the  Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation for this program.  OSHA will  use  these
resources to provide technical  assistance  to  EPA  officials  and other  responsible
on-site personnel in protecting workers  at  Superfund  sites.
1984 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment
     There is no change from the amendment.
1983 Accomplishments
     No funds were provided for this program in  1983.
                                        SF-60
-------
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                                     SUPERFUND


                           Hazardous Waste Site Inventory


Budget Request

     No funds are requested for this activity in 1985.

Program Description

     This was a  one  time  Congressionally  mandated program to support  State  hazar-
dous substances  activities  under  Section 3012  of the  Resource Conservation  and
Recovery Act (RCRA).

     Hazardous Waste Site Inventory — This  program  provided financial  assistance
to States  for  assessment  and  inspections  of hazardous  waste  sites under  Section
3012 of the  Resource  Conservation  and Recovery Act (RCRA).  In  1983,  the  Congress
earmarked $10,000,000 for these purposes.


HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE INVENTORY

1935 Program Request

     The Agency requests no funds for this activity in 1985.

1984 Program

     In 1984, the remainder of the  $10 million will be  obligated.   The Agency  will
not be allocating any additional  resources to this program.

1983 Accomplishments

     In 1983, a  total  of  $9,662,500 was  obligated   from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Response Trust Fund  appropriation  for this  program.  These  funds  supported  State
hazardous waste  site  activities  including  preliminary assessments,  inspections,
responsible party  searches,  inventory  completion, and collection  of  additional
information to characterize site problems.  A regulation was  promulgated describing
the policies and  procedures  for a  State  to receive  some share of the  available
resources.
                                        SF-62
-------
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