-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program of air quality planning,
regulation, enforcement, and research for control ,. of air pollution. The EPA
strategy for implementing the nationwide program is based on six major goals:
Achieve National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) in areas currently
not meeting the standards^EPSwillcontinueto placetfiehighest priority on
attaining healthful air quality for the 150 million people that live in nonattain-
ment areas.
Reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous air pollutants. EPA will begin
implementation of acomprehensivenationalstrategyto address the significant
public health problem caused by toxic compounds in the air. One important objec-
tive of the hazardous air oollution strategy will be to prevent toxic compounds in
land and water from becoming air quality problems.
Increase the capacity and improve the effectiveness of State and local air
quality agencies"WkwTllcontinue to work toward a stronger, more effective
partnership with State and local agencies and help them improve their capabilities
to address existing and emerging problems and to maintain high levels of environ-
mental quality. ' •
Ensure that the NAAOSs are based on accurate, up-to-date information on pub-
lic health and other effects.EPA will place strong emphasis on improving the
scientific bases of the MAAQSs and on streamlining the process for their revision.
Develop and support programs to address emerging air quality problems and
maintain environmental quality.EPA willreview policy 'alternatives andstrategy
options available to address acid deposition. The program will ensure that aci"1
rain policy information needs are addressed by the national Federal research
program and if necessary, alternative remedial actions will be thoroughly analyzed,
in cooperation with States. EPA will also act to ensure that gains made in
environmental quality are not lost and that potentially serious environmental
problems are identified early and addressed.
Maintain a comprehensive research program to support regulatory activities.
The EPA research and"development program wil 1 continue to provide ET^ftoffices,
State and local governments, and the regulated community with the scientific in-
formation necessary to regulate ozone", gases and particles, hazardous air pollu-
tants and mobile source emissions.
Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide
EPA's strategy for achieving the NAAQSs centers on working with States to
complete and enforce the State Implementation Plans (SIPs) required by the Clean
Air Act. Although air quality has generally improved as a result of the measures
in SIPs, many of the SIPs have proven inadequate to meet .NAAQSs by statutory dead-
lines. The NAAQS for ozone has proven the most difficult standard to meet. A
number of the 51 areas now in violation of the standard will still not meet the
standard in 1987. The affected population of the post-1987 attainment areas
totals over 50 million. In 1986, EPA will give priority to strengthening control
of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to ozone formation.
A-3
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A continued reduction in emissions from motor vehicles will be a major
factor in meeting NAAQSs, particularly the standards for ozone, carbon monoxide,
and nitrogen dioxide. To help ensure that manufacturers design and produce vehi-
cles that meet emission standards throughout their useful lives, EPA will maintain
a comprehensive Federal compliance program. This program includes preproduction
certification of emission control systems, selective enforcement audits at manufac-
turers1 facilities, and recalls of insufficiently controlled vehicles. In 1986
EPA will focus on reducing exhaust emissions from heavy-duty engines and evapo-
rative emissions fron automobiles.
Tampering with vehicle emission control systems, switching to leaded fuels,
and failing to properly maintain engines greatly increase pollutant emissions.
Federal efforts alone cannot effectively address these problems. EPA will continue
to work with State and local governments to establish and maintain effective
anti-tampering/fuel switching programs and inspection and maintenance programs.
In addition to remedying SIPS still inadequate to meet NAAQSs and ensuring
compliance of in-use vehicles, the States and EPA will carry out a vigorous, com-
prehensive program aimed at achieving continuous compliance by stationary sources,
particularly major sources in or affecting areas not meeting the health-related
NAAQSs. The program will emphasize implementation of the "timely and appropriate"
guidance and the continuous compliance strategy. The program will allow States
more flexibility in scheduling inspections and require sources to increase the
use of continuous emissions monitoring. In the enforcement of SIPs, sources of
VOCs will receive increased attention. Emissions from these sources are of concern,
not only because they contribute to unhealthful ozone levels, but also because
their components may be hazardous to public health.
In addition to focusing on reducing ozone levels in 1986, EPA will also support
State development of SIPs to attain the revised NAAQS for size-specific particulate
matter (PM^n,). Approximately 100 areas will probably not meet the revised standard,
now scheduled for promulgation in early 1986. The population of these areas is
about 20 million people. States must complete SIPs for these areas by early 1987.
Reduce Risk of Exposure to Hazardous Pollutants "
In 1985, EPA will better define the nature and magnitude of the hazardous air
pollution problem and reassess the regulatory options for dealing with the problem.
This analysis will culminate during 1985 in the development of a comprehensive
strategy for controlling hazardous pollutants.
In 1986, EPA will continue to screen compounds to determine which ones may
pose a significant risk to public health at ambient levels. Decisions for federal
regulatory actions will be made for up to 13 compounds.
EPA will also continue to develop and promulgate National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in 1986. These standards apply to both new
and existing sources of hazardous air pollutants.
The success of the lead phasedown program has prompted the makers of vehicle
fuels to add new components and additives to fuels. In 1986, EPA will take
active steps to ensure that substitutes for lead now in fuel do not contribute to
emissions of hazardous air pollutants or degrade the operation of vehicle emission
controls.
Strengthen State and Local Programs
EPA will continue to support State and local air pollution control programs
by identifying obstacles to program effectiveness, providing direct program
assistance, and facilitating information exchange. The National Air Audit System,
initiated in 1984, will be used to identify obstacles to State and local control
A-4
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agency effectiveness and to help EPA define more efficient and meaningful national
proyrans. During 1986, all State and key local agencies will be evaluated using
national criteria for five major program areas: air quality planning, new source
review, compliance assurance, air quality monitoring and vehicle inspection and
maintenance. The results of the national audit will be used to identify both the
problems of individual State and local agencies and more generic national problems.
During 1986, State and key locaf agencies, with the support of EPA Regional
Offices, will initiate the actions necessary to address the problems identified by
the 1985 audits. Nationally, EPA will use the results of the 1984 and 1985
summary reports to review and adjust priorities and resources to better support
State and local needs and achieve the desired environmental results.
Review and Update NAAQSs
The establishment of NAAQSs at levels that protect public health and prevent
other adverse effects has been the keystone of the national air quality program.
The need to revise NAAOSs is determined based on regular assessment of the most
accurate and up-to-date scientific data available on the health and other effects
of the various pollutants. In 1986, EPA will promulgate revised NAAQSs for
sulfur dioxide and PM^Q. EPA will also propose to revise or reaffirm the HAALjSs
for lead.
Address New Problems and Maintain Environmental Quality
Acid deposition is a continuing national and international concern. Before a
program which could require remedial actions can be analyzed, further information
is needed about the major sources of acid rain precursors and the magnitude, extent,
and severity of acid deposition effects. Possible measures for mitigating these
effects'"need to be evaluated. EPA will ensure that policy information needs are
being addressed by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program and that
alternative remedial actions are thoroughly evaluated. The analysis of remedial
actions will be done in cooperation with States. •
EPA, States, and local agencies must protect the gains made in improving
environmental quality, while at the same time anticipating new problems. In
1986, EPA will continue to develop national, technology-based New Source Perfor-
mance Standards (NSPSs) for all major source categories. NSPSs for seven addi-
tional source categories on EPA's priority list will be promulgated. An addi-
tional 11 NSPSs will be proposed or under development.
EPA will also continue to promulgate SIPs to protect visibility in pristine
areas of those 34 States that did not prepare their ov/n plans. In addition,
EPA will evaluate long-term, regional scale visibility and haze problems to
determine the need for additional research or regulatory actions.
Continue Research to Support Regulatory Programs
In 1986, the Office of Research and Development will continue to provide the
monitoring-methods, air quality models, health and welfare assessments, and emission
reduction technology evaluations required to evaluate NAAOSs, promulgate NSPSs and
NESHAPs, and develop SIPs.
In accordance with the regulatory schedules for reviewing flAAOSs, the emphasis
of the scientific assessments program will shift from ozone and lead to nitrogen
oxides, participate matter, and sulfur oxides. Comprehensive health assessment
documents for potential hazardous air pollutants will continue to be provided.
A-5
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The monitoring systems and quality assurance program will continue to provide
monitoring data; develop and validate monitoring methods for air pollutants; and
provide quality assurance support. The major initiative in this program provides
for the expansion of the Toxics Air Monitoring System and development of additional
ambient and source monitoring methods to better ascertain the nature and extent of
hazardous air pollutants.
Research on the adverse health effects of air pollutants will continue to
focus on developing test methods; producing dose/response data for a variety of
effects; and developing techniques to extrapolate animal data to hunans.
The environmental engineering and technology program will continue to assess
the performance, cost, and reliability of emission reduction technologies and
provide technical assistance to the Regions to support permitting, NSPSs, and
compliance activities.
Research to determine the atmospheric transport, transformation, and fate of
air pollutants, and refine air quality models will continue,, Research to assess
the adverse effects of air pollution on materials and vegetation will continue as
well .
A-6
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AIR
ft
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Actual
1984
Budget
Estimate
1985
National Ambient Air
Qua! ity Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cunulative) ........ 6 6
Proposals* ................... 2 0
Promulgations* ............... 0 2
New Source Performance Standards
Source Categories
Covered (Cunulative) ....... 53 68
Proposals** ................ 12 7
Promulgations** ............ 8 20
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cunulative) ........ 5 6
Proposals** ................. 1 2
Promulgations** .............. 2 3
Enforcement Actions -- Stationary Sources
Inspections ............. ; ____ 2,474 1,685
Notices of Violations ........ 232 200
Administrative Orders ........ Ifil 46
Civil Litigation Support***.. 142 157
Criminal Litigation Support.. 6 6
Enforcement Actions -- Mobi-le Sources
State and Local Tampering/Fuel
Switching Programs (Cumulative). 18
Assembly Line Testing ...........
Test Orders ..................... 16
Recall Investigations ........... 55
Notices of Violations
22
17
72
Current
Estimate
1985
Estinate
1986
67
11
20
6
1
2
74
6
12
1,685
200
88
157
6
22
17
72
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1986 vs. 1985
+ 7
- 5
1,725
200
92
167
6
32
17
72
+40
+ 4
+10
Tanpering/Fuel
Lead
Switching.
420
32
420
32
420
32
420
32
*
**
Revisions or reaffirmations
New source categories and revisions
*** Includes new and ongoing caseload
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated.
A-7
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estinate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Oxidants A-9
Hazardous Ai r Pol 1 utants A-21
Mobile Sources A-34
Gases & Particles A-43
A-8
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AIR
Oxidants
*
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
=: = = = ss = = = =:= = = = = = = = — =
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models
0 Report on the validation of a second generation regional model (Env. Processes)
0 Report on the development and evaluation on an improved carbon mechanism for
urban and regional models (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information
0 Final criteria document on ozone and other oxidants (Sci. Assessment)
0 Journal articles on the effects of 03 and N0£ on pulmonary host defenses in
animals (Health)
0 Journal article on immunological and biochemical response to 03 (Health)
0 Update of the national crop loss assessment (Env. Processes)
0 Journal article on the effects of ambient soil moisture changes on estimates of
crop loss due to 03 (Env. Processes)
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Report on results of the carbon adsorption pilot plant test (Env. Technology)
° Report on the evaluation of boilers/process heaters for VOC control (Env.
Technology)
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Annual report on the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations and the National
Ambient and Monitoring Program (Monitoring)
0 Final report of the National Atmospheric Background Network (Monitoring)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models
0 Report on improved 03 and NO^ chemical mechanisms for the urban scale 03 model
(Env. Processes)
° Report on the test and evaluation of the second generation regional model (Env.
Processes)
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information
° Journal article on effects of combinations of 03 and N02 on pulmonary host
defenses (Health)
0 Annual project report on NCLAN activities (Env. Processes)
0 Project report evaluating the occurrence of pollutant mixtures and exposure
regimes for dose/response studies (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods
° Report on the evaluation of methods for determining fugitive organic emissions
(Monitoring)
A-12
-------
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Final report on the pilot-scale cement kiln test to evaluate the application •
of NOX combustion modification controls (Env. Technology)
0 Final report on the evaluation of a selective catalytic reduction system for
NOX control on stationary engines (Env. Technology)
0 Reports on industrial applications of carbon adsorption and catalytic oxidation
for controlling VOC emissions (Env. Technology)
° Report on the emissions characteristics of industrial safety systems (Env. Tech-
nology)
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Annual reports on the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations and the National
Ambient and Source Monitoring Program (Monitoring)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models
° Report on the protocols for developing reactivity classifications for organics
(Env. Processes)
0 Report on the formation and transport of 03 in urban plumes (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information
0 External review draft of the criteria document on ozone and other photochemical
oxidants (Sci. Assessment)
0 Journal article on species sensitivity to ozone (Health)
0 Journal article on the biochemical response to 03 (Health)
0 A national economic assessment of 03 impacts on major U.S. crops (Env. Processes)
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies
° Report on the results of field tests for NOX control on refinery process heaters
(Env. Technology)
0 Report on tests evaluating reburning for simultaneous NOX-SOX control (Env. Tech-
nology)
Objective b: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Data on ozone concentrations in five national forests (Monitoring)
A-13
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AIR
Oxidants
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,021,700 supported by 99.2 total workyears
for 1986,'a decrease of $704,300 and an increase of 0.6 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $5,299,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,722,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of
$32,600 and a decrease of $671,700, respectively.
Program Description
The following objectives support the regulation of ozone (03), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOX):
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models. Ambient air quality
models are being developed and validated to develop State Implementation Plans
(SIPs) and make Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) determinations.
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. Data on the
adverse health and welfare effects of 03,VOCs and NOX are being developed to sup-
port the periodic review of the adequacy of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for 03 and NOX. The primary documentation' for these reviews
is the criteria documents for photochemical ozone and other oxidants and NOX.
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods. New
and improved aTrpol1ut ion methodologies and monitoring techniques are being
developed and validated to determine air quality trends, compliance with permit
conditions, and the need for enforcement actions.
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies. Data on
the performance, cost and reliability of reduction technologies for VOCs and NOX
are being provided to develop New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), establish
SIPs and make PSD determinations.
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support. Quality Assurance (QA)
support is provided in accordance with requirements in the Clean Air Act (CAA)
to ensure that Agency decisions are backed by technical data of known precision
and accuracy.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $862,100 supported by 8.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $424,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $437,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $51,300 and $143,600, respectively, and a decrease of 1.0 workyear.
These decreases reflect the completion of the criteria document for ozone and
other photochemical oxidants.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. The final ozone and other
photochemical oxidants criteria "document wi 11 be~ published. In accordance with
the Agency's regulatory schedule, assessment activities will focus on updating the
N0y criteria document.
A-14
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual , and consulting services. The reduction of
$2,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $18,900 in 'the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,057,000 supported by 9.0
total workyears for this program, of which $476,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $581,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $249,800 total dollars over 1984.
In 1985 the program focus is shifting from updating the criteria document for
ozone and other photochemical oxidants to initiating the review and update of the
NOX criteria document.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$3,900) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$3,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$4,500) This program was increased by +$4,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $807,200 supported by 9.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $446,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $360,900 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1984 the first external review draft of the ozone and other photo-
chemical oxidants criteria document was completed and published for comment.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $926,400 supported by 12.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $573,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $353,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents a decrease of $81,100 and an increase of $116,600, respectively, and a de-
crease of 0.4 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in
Research and Development reflects increased emphasis on providing additional
quality assurance for the research program.
A-15
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Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods. Tests will continue
to be developed to evaluate, improve and standardize methods for measuring oxidants
and oxidant precursors, with emphasis on VOCs,
Provide Quality Assurance Support. Nationwide and special audits of laborato-
ries and field stations making ambient or source measurements of 63, NOX, and VOCs
will be conducted. In addition, ORD will produce guidelines on air pollution
methodology and QA techniques; develop and distribute reference materials; maintain
the repository for these materials; distribute quality control samples; and conduct
performance audits. The increase in Research and Development reflects additional
audits.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing,' publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$8,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $20,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $890,900 supported by 13.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $654,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $236,500 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $60,500 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that data collected
in prior years through the National Atmospheric Background Network is being ana-
lyzed.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$40,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$2,100) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$2,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$45,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$45,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$6,500) This program was increased by +$6,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $951,400 supported by 16.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $706,100 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $245,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Two additional standard ultraviolet spectrophotometers were delivered to EPA
by the National Bureau of Standards for distribution to the Regions. The field
work for the National Atmospheric Background Network, which provided background
aata on ozone concentrations in remote national forests, was completed.
A-16
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,478,500 supported by 24.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,361,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,117,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $35,200 and a decrease of $28,700, respectively,
and an increase of 2.4 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. Thfe de-
crease in Research and Development reflects the completion of several 03 dose-
response studies. The increase in total workyears reflects additional emphasis on
dose-response studies of N02-
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. Phase two of the dose-
re spoTJ?i~sTudy of N02 effects in exercising asthmatics will be completed as will
a study to determine the extent to which N0£ inhalation affects the permeability
of lung membranes. Studies will be conducted with animals of the effects of oxidants
on susceptibility to viral infection. Studies of the nasopharyngeal removal of
oxidants by animals, which complement human studies performed in 1985, will begin.
Epidemiology studies will focus on defining the effects of oxidants, particularly
N02, on susceptible populations. Special attention will be given to the po-ssibility
that N02 causes increased susceptibility to respiratory infection in children
and other sensitive groups.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$7,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,542,400 supported by 22.2
total workyears for this program, of which $1,396,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation ana >j,145,900 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $929,500 total dollars over 1984.
A major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that a greater emphasis
is being placed on determining the health effects associated with N02. Particular
attention is being given to determining the effect of acute exposures on exercising
asthmatics and on determining the accumulated effects of typical N02 exposures over
an animal's lifetime.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$180,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$24,000) Tnis reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanuea needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$24,OUO to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogr.ammi ngs. (-$166,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity wnich were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramrning limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$166,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
A-17
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»-Pay Raise. (+$10,800) This program was increased by +$10,800 reflecting
" the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,612,900 supported by 21.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,213,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,399,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Studies on the nasopharyngeal removal of 03 by humans were initiated to vali-
date an extrapolation model of pulmonary dosimetry for oxidants. A study to
describe the dose-response curve for 03 in healthy humans was initiated as well.
In addition, a clinical study to replicate prior research on the effects of low
levels of NO;? on asthmatics was completed.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,095,700 supported by 25.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,294,"200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,801,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $141,500 and a decrease of $282,300, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
enhancement of research on VOC control technologies. The decrease in Research and
Development reflects de-emphasis of extramural research on NOX contol technologies.
Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies. Research to assess the
applicability of the low NOX heavy oil burner technology to industrial boilers will
continue. An advanced low NOX burner capable of achieving NOX levels as low as
0.1 Ib/million BTU will be evaluated on an industrial package boiler. In-furnace
NOX reduction technologies will be evaluated on a pilot-scale, coal-fired combustion
system. Research to evaluate and optimize the efficiency of emission reduction
technologies for VOCs will continue.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$8,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $53,600 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,236,500 supported by 25.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,152,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,083,800 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $174,400 total dollars over 1984.
The major differences between the 1985 and 1984 programs are that NOX research
on the application of the heavy oil low NOX precombustor technology is being
extended to oil-fired packaged boilers; and research on in-furnace NOX reduction
(reburning) for coal-fired burners is being expanded from bench scale to pilot
scale, and is being field tested for gas-fired refinery heaters.
A-18
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1985. Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$49,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$4,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$4,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$57,400) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a^ net decrease of -$57,400 to the Research and Development appropria-
tion.
-Pay Raise. (+$12,500) This program was increased by +$12,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,062,100 supported by 27.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,353,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,708,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
A precombustor technology was successfully applied to enhanced oil recovery
steamers with 80 to 90 percent NOX control. The fundamentals of reburning were
explored at bench scale for gas, oil, and coal use, and .an air lance NOX control
system for gas-fired refinery heaters was field demonstrated. An air staging and
recirculation NOX control technique was applied successfully to a spreader-stoker-
fired industrial boiler. The VOC destruction efficiency of safety and relief
systems were tested at pilot and commercial scale.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,659,000 supported by 27.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,645,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,013,200 wi11 be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $6,500 and a decrease of $333,700, respectively, and
a decrease of 0.4 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in
Research and Development reflects the completion of a major portion of the National
Crop Loss Assessment (NCLAN) field program.
Develop and Validate Air Quality Models. Improved 03, VOC and NOX chemical
mechanisms willbe developed to determine the role of major VOCs (e.g., aromatics
hydrocarbons, olefins, paraffins and aldehydes) in producing elevated levels of 03.
The improved 03 chemistry mechanisms will be incorporated into air quality simula-
tion models that can be used as guidelines in the development of cost-effective
SIPs. To assist in the formulation of oxidant control plans, a regional scale
model will be utilized to assess the potential 03 reductions that can be achieved
by various target emission reduction scenarios.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. Research to determine the
impacts of 03 on U.S. crop acreage will continue through the National Crop Loss
Assessment Network (NCLAN). The program will continue to focus on evaluating the
impacts of varying soil moisture and ozone exposure fluctuations. These data,
combined with 03 air quality data estimates and agro-economic factors, will be
used to review secondary ambient air quality standards.
A-19
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1985 Rescission
»This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$14,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $125,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 198b, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,999,200 supported by 28.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,652,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,346,900 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $279,800 total dollars over 1984.
The major differences between the 1985 and 1984 programs are that the chemical
mechanisms for the urban scale model are being improved using smog chamber irradia-
tion data obtained in 1984, and a regional scale ozone model is being tested and
evaluated against the air quality data base obtained during the Northeast Regional
Oxidant stuay. Also, the NCLAN data base is being improved by examining the role
of soil moisture and ozone fluctuations on crop loss.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$54,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$4,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$4,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$44,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$44,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$13,700) This program was increased by +$13,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,279,000 supported by 35.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,930,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,348,200 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
A report was prepared on protocols for developing ozone reactivity and volatil-
ity classifications for a variety of organic compounds to establish the extent
that individual organic compounds contribute to ozone formation. A major national
economic assessment report was completed and approved for publication on the
economic effects of ozone on agriculture. This report, the most comprehensive
economic work to date on ozone effects, utilized the NCLAN field research data.
Also two reports were prepared on the economic methodology used to assess ozone
damage to agricultural crops.
A-20
-------
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
= = = == = = = = = =:= = = = = = = = =
Objective 1: Prepare Health and Risk Assessments
0 Final comprehensive health assessment documents for nine pollutants (Sci. Assess-
ment)
0 Initial health effects summaries for six pollutants (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 2: Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and Fate,
and Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Report on the development and evaluation of sampling and analysis methods for
asbestos (Monitoring)
0 Report on atmospheric monitoring for fifteen elements and benzo-a-pyrene (Moni-
toring)
0 Report on the operation of the Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS) (Monitoring)
0 Report on the development and evaluation of methods to apportion the mutagenicity
of ambient air to sources (Health)
0 Report on the effects of HAPs on lung metabolism and host defenses, liver toxici-
ty, and kidney toxicity in animals (Health)
0 Report on the identification, screening and measurements of hazardous air pollut-
ant concentrations in ambient air (Env. Processes)
0 Report on atmospheric depletion rates of selected hazardous air pollutants
(Env. Processes) •
° Interim report on the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP)
Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Report on QA for HAP monitoring projects (Monitoring)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Prepare Health and Risk Assessments
0 Final comprehensive health assessment documents for thirteen pollutants (Sci.
Assessment)
0 External review draft health assessment documents for three pollutants (Sci.
Assessment)
° Initial health effects summaries for eight pollutants (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 2: Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and Fate,
and Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Report on the use of a nitrogen-specific detector for organic HAPs (Monitoring)
0 Report on the evaluation of vinyl chloride continuous emission monitors (Monitor-
ing)
0 Report on the neurotoxicological assessment of HAPs (Health)
0 Final report on the emission of copper compounds (Env. Technology)
° Report on atmospheric depletion rates of selected hazardous air pollutants
(Env. Processes)
A-24
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Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Report on the stability of organic audit materials and the results of source
test audits (Monitoring)
0 Report on the development of standard reference materials (Monitoring)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Prepare Health and Risk Assessments
0 Final comprehensive health assessment documents for seven pollutants (Sci.
Assessment)
0 External review draft health assessment documents for thirteen pollutants
(Sci. Assessment)
Objective 2: Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and Fate,
and Emission Reduction Technologies"
0 Report on a cryogenic system for ambient air monitoring (Monitoring)
0 A survey of .methods for metal speciation in particulate matter (Monitoring)
0 Report on the development and evaluation of the micro-bore monitoring methodology
(Monitor!ng)
0 Report on the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in air (Monitoring)
0 Report on collection methods for asbestos (Monitoring)
0 Articles on the metabolism, mutagenicity, and activation of 1-nitropyrene
(Health)
0 Report on preliminary method for ranking industrial HAP sources (Env. Technology)
0 Report on a wet removal mechanism for hazardous air pollutants (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Report on the development of QA materials for organics (Monitoring)
A-25
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AIR
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,667,600 supported by 118.8 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $57,200 and a decrease of 1.5 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, 56,506,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$11,161,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of
$451,200 and an increase of $508,400, respectively.
Program Description
Under Section 112 and lll(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), EPA is responsible
for limiting emissions of air pollutants that are hazardous to human health, and
are not already regulated as criteria pollutants. The following objectives support
the development of National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs).
Objective 1: Prepare Health and Risk Assessments. These assessments, when
combined with preliminary exposure analyses developed by the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS), provide quantitative estimates of the degree of
population risk and disease incidence which is needed to develop NESHAPs.
Objective 2: Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and
Fate, and Emission Reduction Technologies.To develop NESHAPs, data are needed on
what contaminants are present in the air; their chemical concentration; transport,
transformation, and persistence in the atmosphere; and the nature of their adverse
health effects.
Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support.- Quality assurance (QA) sup-
port is provided in accordance with requirements in the CAA to ensure that Agency
decisions are backed by technical data of known precision and accuracy.
Objective 4: Assess Stratospheric Modification. Research is being conducted
to assess the health anHenvironmentalimpacts 67" lower levels of ozone in the
atmosphere and the anticipated increased levels of exposure to ultraviolet radia-
tion. This research supports Title I, Part B of the CAA.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,735,800 supported by 37.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,935,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,800,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $26,400 and a decrease of $427,500, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in
Research and Development reflects a reduction in the number of comprehensive health
assessment documents that will be initiated and completed, which is consistent
with the regulatory schedule for listing hazardous air pollutants.
Prepare Health and Risk Assessments. Nine comprehensive health assessment
documents wil1be completed and at least seven preliminary health effects summary
documents (Tier 1) will be initiated. Six of the Tier 1 documents begun in 1985
will be completed.
A-26
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction
Act which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication" and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $89,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $42,000 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,189,700 supported by 37.6
total workyears for this program, of which $1,961,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,228,100 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $972,000 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is an
increase in the number of chemicals undergoing health assessment review in 1985.
Fourteen Tier I summaries are underway with eight scheduled for completion in
1985. In addition, thirteen final comprehensive health assessment documents and
three external review draft health assessment documents are being completed.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$9,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$6,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou reeTliJTHTTrTFFlTgency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$6,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$3,300) Several reprogrammi ngs were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$2,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$5,300 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$18,300) This program was increased by +$18,300 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,217,700 supported by 26.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,415,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,801,800 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1984, thirteen external review draft health assessment documents and
seven final comprehensive health assessment documents were completed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,807,100 supported by 35.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,965,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,841,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $43,000 and an increase of $1,309,800, respectively,
and an increase of 0.3 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
A-27
-------
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The in-
crease in Research and Development reflects an expansion of the Toxics Air Monito-
ring System; and development of additional source and ambient monitoring methods.
Develop Information on Health Effects, Mom toring, Transport and Fate, and
EmissTon Reduction Technologies. Research wi 1 1 be accelerated to develop new
sampli ng and analytical systems for monitoring important sources of HAPs. Also,
work on direct methods of monitoring ambient HAP concentrations will be accelerat-
ed. Research will expanded on passive monitors and new sorbents, to extend the
range of present methods to new pollutants and new monitoring situations such as
exposures near hazardous waste sites. A nationwide Toxic Air Monitoring System
(TAMS) wi 11 be expanded. Exposure monitoring for the Integrated Air Cancer Project
(IACP) will continue to improve our knowledge of normal daily exposure to atmospheric
card nogens.
Provide Quality Assurance Support. Quality assurance samples will be obtained,
verified, and used in performance audits of HAP monitoring projects. A repository
of QA and audit materials will be maintained and reference samples will be develop-
ed. Procedures for measuring HAPs will be evaluated and standardized.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction
Act which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $16,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $265,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,540,300 supported by 35.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,008,700 is for the Salaries' and
Expenses appropriation and $4,531,600 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $1,496,500 total dollars over 1984.
A major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that an interdis-
ciplinary program to assess the contribution of air pollution to the risk of cancer
in the United States is being initiated (i.e., the Integrated Air Cancer Project
(IACP)).
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$34,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,700) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sour ceT17rrhTn~TFe~Tgericy to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$5,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$45,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$45,500 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ati on.
-Pay Raise. (+$17,100) This program was increased by +$17,100 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
A-28
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,043,800 supported by 39.3 workyears
for this program, of which $2,012,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $3,031,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Field evaluations of newly developed sampling and analysis techniques were
conducted. Smaller, quieter monitors for measuring formaldehyde, particles and NO?
were developed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,057,900 supported by 33.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,804,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,253,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $142,500 and a decrease of $305,800, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in
Research and Development reflects a reduction in dose-response research studies.
Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and Fate, and
Emi ssi on Reducti on Techno! ogi es. Test methods wi 11 be developed to identify com-
pounds suspected of adversely affecting reproduction and/or development. Research
to develop methods for assessing neurologic toxicity will be continued also. Dose-
response studies will focus on determining the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity
of potential HAPs; evaluating the effects of potential HAPs on the nervous and
respiratory systems; and, investigating hepatic and renal effects.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction
Act which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. " The reduction
of $2,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,506,200 supported by 33.7
total workyears for this program, of which $1,947,100 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,559,100 is for the Research and Development appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $965,700 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is the initiation of
an interdisciplinary project to determine the contribution of air pollution to the
incidence of cancer in the United States. As part of this project, a data base
is being developed to identify associations between selected pollutant sources and
human cancer risk.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$98,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,400) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shi ft. of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
A-29
-------
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$5,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ng. (-$109,100) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$109,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$16,400) This program was increased by +$16,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,540,500 supported by 27.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,797,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $743,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Major program accomplishments included the establishment of a data base for
developing a comparative potency method for assessing cancer risk from source
emissions; and the completion of comprehensive neurotoxi ci ty studies on toluene.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,192,000 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $506,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses approp-
riation and $685,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $61,200 and a decrease of $280,400, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in
Research and Development reflects the completion of studies characterizing the
indoor air and evaluating mitigation techniques. , •
Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and Fate,.and
Emission Reduction Technologies. As part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project
(IACP), particul ate and gaseous emi ssions from wood burning will be characterized
with emphasis on organic tracer substances for source apportionment. Engineering
evaluations will be conducted for selected stationary sources of airborne carcin-
ogens. In addition, investigations will be undertaken of industry-specific control
technologies for high-priority sources.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction
Act which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The decrease of
$15,700 in the Research and Development appropriation reflects reductions to con-
sulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,533,600 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which $567,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $966,300 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $564,100 total dollars over 1984.
A-30
-------
A major di fference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program i s that an
interdisciplinary research project is being initiated to assess the contribution
of air pollution to the risk of cancer in the United States. As part of the IACP, •
methods are being developed to characterize emissions from wood stoves. M
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$12,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ng. (-$15,200) A reprogrammi ng was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$15,200 to the Research and Development appropriation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$3,900) This program was increased by +$3,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $969,500 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $319,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $650,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Technical assistance was provided to Agency offices on hazardous air pollutant
emissions resulting from the smelting of copper ore and the manufacture of butadi-
ene. A preliminary method for ranking industrial hazardous air pollutant sources
by process parameters was also developed. Research on the performance of generic ^—
air pollution control devices was initiated. • ^1
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $974,800 supported by 3.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $294,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $680,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $42,800 and an increase of $47,700, respectively, and no change in
total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide
reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in Research and Devel-
opment reflects enhanced research on the Integrated Air Cancer Project.
Develop Information on Health Effects, Monitoring, Transport and Fate, and
Emission Reduction Technologies. Research to determine the reaction products, and
spatial and temporal variabilities of hazardous air pollutants under regulatory
review will continue. The atmospheric chemistry of certain potential hazardous
air pollutants will continue to be studied in photochemical smog simulation cham-
bers. The chemical and physical processes by which mutagenic species are created
and removed in the atmosphere will be studied as part of the Integrated Air Cancer
Project (IACP).
A-31
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198b Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $969,900 supported by 3.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $337,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $632,600 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $216,100 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is the initiation
of an interdisciplinary research project to assess the contribution of air pollu-
tion to the incidence of cancer in the United States. As part of the IACP,
research is being conducted to determine the chemical and physical processes by
which mutagenic species are created and removed in the atmosphere.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$2,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of resources
within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of -$800 to
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$3,600) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$3,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$1,900) This program was increased by +$1,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, sthe Agency obligated a total of $753,800 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $211,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $542,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Studies were completed to quantify the role of dry and wet atmospheric removal
processes for selected hazardous air pollutants. A study was also completed on the
generation of potentially hazardous air pollutants as a result of atmospheric
transformation.
STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION PROGRAM '
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $900,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Researcn and Development appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $135,300 in Salaries and Expenses; an increase of $164,600 in Research and
Development; and a decrease of 1.8 total workyears. The increase in Research and
Development reflects increased emphasis on the assessment of ozone depletion
through models.
Assess Stratospheric Modification. The health and environmental impacts of
stratospheric ozone depletion and associated ultraviolet-6 (UV-B) radiation will
continue to be investigates Moaeis will be applied to determine the impact of
new data on ozone depletion predictions. EPA will continue to coordinate work on
stratospheric ozone; update a comprehensive assessment of the state of knowledge
in this area; and, prepare a biennial report to Congress.
A-32
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $870,700 supported by 1.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $135,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $735,400 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $66,900 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is the
initiation of modeling to determine the impact of new data on ozone depletion
predictions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$3,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of resources
within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of -$400 to
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$3,700) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$.1,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a net decrease of -$2,000 to the Research and Development appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$900) This program was increased by +$900 reflecting the amount
requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $803,800 supported by. 1.8 total
wprkyears for this program, of which $114,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $689,400 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The major accomplishments for 1984 inciuaea additional work on the effects
of ultraviolet B radiation and ozone depletion on key crops (i.e., wheat, corn,
soybeans, rice and citrus) and on organisms in the food chain.
A-33
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AIR
Mobile Sources
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated PoTlutants—NAAQS
0 Report of human exposures to CO in highway microenvironments (Monitoring)
0 Model of human exposure inside vehicles on highways (Monitoring)
0 Report on the impact of methanol fuels on evaporative emissions (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants
0 Report summarizing human exposure assessment field investigations (Monitoring)
0 Article on the evaluation of emissions from diesels equipped with advanced
emission control technologies (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Mobile Sources Program
0 Annual report on the QA program for the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations
(SLAMS) network (Monitoring)
0 Annual report on the National Ambient QA program (Monitoring)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated Pollutants—NAAQS
0 Journal articles on population exposures to CO in Denver and Washington,_ DC
(Monitoring)
0 Report on relationship of CO exposure profiles to carboxyhemoglobin levels
(Monitoring)
0 Journal article on behavorial effects of CO exposure on human subjects (Health)
0 Article on cardiac response in patients with heart disease exposed to CO (Health)
0 Report on cancer studies using diesel exhaust materials (Health)
0 Article on the characterization of emissions from late model in-use, light-
duty diesel vehicles (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants
0 Report on role of human activities and microenvironments in exposure to mobile
source air pollutants (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Mobile Sources Program
0 Annual report on the QA program for the SLAMS network (Monitoring)
0 Annual report on the National Ambient QA program (Monitoring)
A-36
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1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated PoTlutants--NAAQS
0 Evaluation of health effects associated with carbon monoxide exposure (Sci.
Assessment)
0 Report on the determination of pollutant emission factors for heavy-duty, in-
use diesel tractor-trailers/buses (Env. Processes)
0 Report on the determination of emission factors for Class II-III, in-use
gasoline delivering trucks (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants
0 Report on the use of genetic bioassays in evaluating unregulated emissions
(Health)
0 Article on the effects of traffic speed on ambient pollutant concentration
near roadways (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Mobile Sources Program
0 Annual report on national ambient QA program (Monitoring)
A-37
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AIR
Mobile Sources
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,821,700 supported by 29.8 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $545,300 and an increase of 7.7 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $1,606,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,215,100 wi11 be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$234,300 and $311,000, respectively.
Program Description
The following objectives support the regulation of carbon monoxide (CO),
hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen:
Objective 1. Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated Pol1utants--NAAQS.
Research under this objective provides the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) with
data to evaluate the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO. EPA
must evaluate the NAAQS for CO every five years as provided by Section 109 of the
Clean Air Act (CAA).
Objective 2. Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants.
Research under this objective determines population exposure to pollutants such as
organics and particulates; characterizes emissions from vehicles; refines existing
air quality models; and provides short-term testing guidelines. The information
from these studies is used by the Office of Mobile Sources Air Pollution Control
(OMSAPC) to protect public health from vehicle emissions as provided under Section
202(a)(l) and 202(a)(4) of the CAA.
Objective 3. Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Mobile Sources Program.
The Office of Research- and Development is required to ensure that all measurement
data related to mobile source pollutants are reliable.
Objective 4. Collect and Maintain Data in Support of the Fuel and Fuel Addi-
ti ves Program. Research under this objective supports Sections 211 and 301(0) of
the CAA which require EPA to provide a data base to determine whether the use of
any motor vehicle fuel or fuel additive poses an unreasonable risk to human health.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $331,200 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $148,500 wilt be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $182,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $80,600 and $157,700, respectively, and an increase
of 2.0 total workyears. The increased resources will be used to support an accel-
erated effort on revising the CO criteria document.
Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated Pollutants—NAAQS. Revision of
the criteria document for CO,begun in1985, willcontinue as a full-scale effort
in 1986. Data published, since the 1984 addendum to the criteria document, will
be identified and retrieved. This data will be the basis for any necessary update
of the various CO criteria document chapters.
A-38
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $92,900 supported by 1.0 work-
year for this program, of which $67,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $25,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects
a decrease of $97,600 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that the initial
stages of the review and update of the carbon monoxide air quality criteria doc-
ument will begin during 1985.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The increase of +$500 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$500) This program was increased by +$500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $190,500 supported by 1.1 workyear
for this program, of which $65,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $125,100 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The addendum to the 1979 carbon monoxide air quality criteria document was
published during 1984. Evaluations of health and welfare issues associated with
promulgation of the NAAQS were provided to OAQPS during 1984.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $686,000 supported by 7.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $385,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $300,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $30,700 and a decrease of $37,800, respectively, and an
increase of 0.4 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in
Research and Development reflects a reduction in research on developing exposure
methods.
Collect and Maintain Data in Support of the Fuel and Fuel Additives Program.
New fuels and fuel additives introduced in the nation will conti nue to be regi s-
tered in accordance with the law.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for the Mobile Sources Program. The quality
assurance programwTTTbe maintained tosupporttheaTrregulations of 40 CFR,
Part 58, Appendices A and B, and audits will continue to be performed on the SLAMS
network and human exposure studies.
Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants. Research
will be continued to extend the general exposure methodology used successfully for
carbon monoxide to other mobile source air pollutants.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
A-39
-------
of $2,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $47,900 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $754,500 supported by 7.0 total"
workyears for this program, of which $416,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $338,400 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $66,100 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
field data collected in the Denver-Washington, DC, human exposure CO field studies
will be used to develop exposure models.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$22,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou rces~~wTtTTTnTne~7fgency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. • •
-Reprogramming. (-$25,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$25,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$3,400) This program was increased by +$3,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $820,600 supported by 8.8 total work-
years for this program, of which $482,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $338,400 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Work was completed in assembling an extensive data base from the Denver-
Washington, DC, human exposure CO field studies. Statistical analyses were conduct-
ed of the exposure and activity patterns from these two cities, and "several scien-
tific papers were prepared summarizing these data.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,740,200 supported by 7.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $532,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $3,208,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $18,000 and a decrease of $78,100, respectively, and an
increase of 1.0 workyear. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Govern-
ment-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in Research
and Development reflects the completion of studies on low-level exposure to CO.
Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated Pollutants—NAAQS. Clinical
studies on the toxic effects of low-levelexposure to CO willbe continued. Non-
invasive techniques will also be developed to measure objective (electrochemical)
cardiac effects of CO exposure for use in field studies to improve risk assessments.
A-40
-------
Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants. Support for
the Health Effects Institute (HEI) will be maintained.The HEI was established and
funded by both EPA and the motor vehicle industry to perform independent studies
and produce health data on pollutants emitted from motor vehicles.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,836,300 supported by 6.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $550,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,286,100 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $1,383,400 total dollars over 1984. -
In 1985, the Health Effects Institute will increase the number of its grants
reflecting the latest research priorities of the auto industry and EPA.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$57,900 results from the following actions:
-RCKA Reprogramming. (-$25,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$25,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi'ngs. (-$35,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$26,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$8,900 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
-Pay Raise. (+$3,100) This program was increased by +$3,100 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,452,900 supported by 6.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $328,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,124,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Final reports were prepared for research under the Diesel Emissions Research
Program. A preliminary report on the CO clinical study was completed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,064,300 supported by 12.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $540,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $523,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $202,400 and $269,200, respectively, and an increase of
4.3 total workyears. The increases will be used to support definition of state-of-
the-art analytical procedures for measurement of methanol and formaldehyde in
tailpipe and evaporative emissions.
A-41
-------
Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Regulated Pollutants—NAAQS. Increased
use of methanol fuels necessitates comprehensive examination of the impact of these
fuels on motor vehicie tailpipe ana evaporative emissions. The compatibility of
current technology emission control devices with methanol fuels will be studied.
State-of-the-art analytical procedures for measurement of methanol and formaldehyde
will be defined. Support research will also be provided to define procedures for
certification of emissions from motor vehicles using methanol fuels.,.
Assess Health Risks and Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollutants. Studies will
continue tocharacterizeparticulate emissionfrom controlled diesel late model,
in-use and future model year light-duty motor vehicles. State-of-the-art chemical
analytical procedures will be evaluated for application to mobile source emissions.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $592,700 supported by 7.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $338,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $254,600 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $273,300 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that research
characterizing the gaseous and particulate emissions from heavy-duty diesel and
gasoline powered trucks was concluded in 1984.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$7,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou reeT^rfhTn~the~~A~g^ncy to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease'of
-$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$10,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$3,500 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$6,900 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$3,700) This program was increased by +$3,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $866,000 supported by 11.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $462,100 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $403,900 was for the" Research and Development appropriation.
Research characterizing the gaseous and particulate emissions from heavy-duty
diesel and gasoline powered trucks and buses was concluded.
A-42
-------
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A-45
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AIR
Gases and Particles
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models
0 Article on the evaluation of receptor modeling results from Philadelphia (Env.
Processes)
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information
0 Journal article on the deposition of 502 anc* particles in the lungs of animals
and man (Health)
0 Journal articles on acute, subchronic, and chronic effects of gases and particles
in animals (Health)
0 Journal article on small particle soiling of building materials (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods
° Report on the development of automated methods to analyze PM-10 (Monitoring)
0 Report on support activities for the National Filter Analysis Network (Monitoring)
0 Report on the monitoring and QA support for international organizations (Monitor-
ing)
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Report on the in-house pilot tests of low cost SOX control processes (Env.
Technology)
0 Report 'on the reactivity of promising sorbents for spray dryi'ng S0£ controls
(Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Annual reports on the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations, and the National
Ambient and Source Monitoring programs (Monitoring)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models
0 User's guide for an interim regional particulate model (Env. Processes)
0 Article on the application of the receptor model to Denver aerosol (Env. Pro-
cesses)
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information
0 Final air quality criteria document for lead (Sci. Assessment)
0 Journal article on the deposition of insoluble particles in the lungs of small
animals (Health)
0 Journal articles on the neurobehavioral effects of lead-exposed children and
adults (Health)
0 Report to Congress on environmental cancer and heart and lung disease (Health)
0 Journal article on the response of an atmospheric corrosion monitor as a proxy
for damage to materials (Env. Processes)
A-46
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Objective 3: Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods
0 Interim report on the tranfer of the Inhalable Particulate Network to the States
(Monitoring)
0 Report on the operation of the LIDAR system for monitoring aerial plumes (Moni-
toring)
0 Annual report on the National Filter Analysis Network (Monitoring)
0 Annual report on monitoring support for international organizations (Monitoring)
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Users manual on the cost & performance characteristics of state-of-the-art
integrated coal-fired boiler air pollution control .systems (Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Annual reports on the National Ambient and Source Monitoring Programs, and the
State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (Monitoring)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Air Quality Models
0 Assessment document on the status of complex terrain dispersion models (Env.
Processes)
Objective 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information
0 First external review draft of the lead criteria document (Sci . Assessment)
0 Journal article on the response of asthmatics to SO;? exposure (Health)
°. Journal article on the biochemical response of normal individuals to S02
(Health)
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods
0 Annual report on the operation of the National Filter Analysis Network (Monitor-
ing)
0 Report on the monitoring support for international organizations (Monitoring)
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies
0 Full-scale field evaluation of a lime spray dryer method for S0£ control at an
electric utility (Env. Technology)
0 Full-scale evaluation of the use of a diabasic acid to enhance the performance
of limestone scrubbing (Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support
0 Annual reports on the National Ambient and Source Monitoring Programs and the
State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (Monitoring)
A-47
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AIR
Gases and Particles
Budget Request
The Agency requests* a total of $27,879,300 supported by 207.1 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $1,588,000 and an increase of 3.7 total workyears from
1985. Of the request, $11,146,700 will 'be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $16,732,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a
decrease of $354,800 and a decrease of $1,233,200, respectively.
Program Description
The following objectives support the regulation of particulate matter (PM)
and its major components, lead and gaseous sulfur dioxide (S02).
Objective 1: Develop and Validate _Air Quality Models. Ambient air quality
models are being developed andvalidated to develop SIPs, make PSD determinations
and protect Class I pristine areas from visibility degradation.
Objecti ve 2: Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. Data on
the adverse health and welfare effects of gases and particles and lead are being
developed to support the periodic review of the NAAQS for S02, particulate matter
and lead. Criteria documents for -each pollutant serve as the primary source of
documentation for these reviews.
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Methods. New
and improved air pollution monitoring methodologies are being developed and evalu-
ated to determine air quality trends, compliance with permit conditions and the
need for enforcement actions;
Objective 4: Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies. Data on
the performance, cost and reliability of emission reduction technologies for gases
and particles are being provided to develop NSPS, establish SIPs, make PSD deter-
minations and protect Class I areas from visibility degradation.
Objective 5: Provide Quality Assurance Support. Quality Assurance (QA) sup-
port is provided in accordance with requirements in the CAA to ensure that Agency
decisions are backed by technical data of known precision and accuracy.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $735,100 supported by 9.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $469,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $265,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This rep-
resents a decrease of $88,700 and $225,200 respectively, and a decrease of 1.0
workyear. These decreases reflect the completion of the lead criteria document.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. In accordance with the
Agency's regulatory schedule, efforts to update the criteria document for particu-
late matter will continue, and the review and update of the SOX criteria document
wi 11 be i niti ated.
A-48
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, A
'printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction •
of $1,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $62,800 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,049,000 supported by 10.0
total workyears for this program, of which" $558,300 is for the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation and $4911,700 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $104,000 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that the second
external review draft of the leaa criteria document is oeing reviewed by the Clean
Air Science Advisory Committee and their comments incorporated into the final
document, as necessary. Also, efforts to review and update the criteria document
for particulate matter will be initiated.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$3,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$4,900) This program was increased by +$4,900 reflecting the fl
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental. ^
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $945,000 supported by 7.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $442,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $502,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Technical evaluations were provided for health and welfare issues associated
with the proposal and promulgation of the NAAQS for particulates and sulfur oxides.
In addition, the first external review draft of the lead air quality criteria
document was completed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,296,500 supported by 63.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,231,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,064,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $65,000 and $171,100, respectively, and an increase
of 1.2 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in Research and
Development reflects reduced emphasis on developing monitoring methods. The
increase in workyears reflects an expansion of the visibility program.
A-49
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Develop and Validate Measurement and Monitoring Systems. Monitoring systems
for measuring pollutants in the ambient air and from emissions sources will con-
tinue to be evaluated, tested, and standardized. An airborne LIDAR system which
monitors the detailed structure of plumes from source to receptor will continue to
be used to assist in the development and evaluation of predictive models. Visi-
bility studies will be augmented through a multi-station monitoring network of two
stage particle samplers to evaluate the effects of the proposed PM-10 NAAQS on
visibility.. The Inhalable Particle Network will continue to be maintained to
obtain data for the development of PM-10 standards and regulations.
Provide Quality Assurance Support. Quality control samples will be obtained,
verified, and used in nationwide and special performance audits. Certified
reference materials will be verified, and a system for receiving, analyzing, and
reporting the precision and accuracy of data will be operated.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires Decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $19,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $2,500 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,532,600 supported by 62.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,296,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,235,900 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $72,900 total dollars over 1984.
There are no significant differences between the 1985 program and the 1984
program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$61,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$24,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$24,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$67,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this
activity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limit-
ations. These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$67,000 to the Salaries
ana Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$30,400) This program was increased by +$30,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,459,700 supported by 67.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,263,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,196,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
A-50
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During 1984, standard operating procedures for sampling ambient PM were
developed. In addition, a detailed PM-10. inlet comparison study was conducted.
Alternative analysis techniques for measuring VOCs were analyzed, and methods for
measuring total reduced sulfur from recovery plants were validated.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,616,000 supported by 66.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,611,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,004,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $33,600 and $51,100, respectively, and an increase of
6.5 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in total workyears
reflects enhanced work on dose-response research on gases and particles.
Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. Animal studies of the chronic
effects of inhalable coarse mode particles will begin. Clinical studies will focus
on the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of S02 inhalation. Efforts to
improve extrapolation techniques and their application will be continued. Theoret-
ical models of the respiratory tract deposition of gases and particles will be
developed and lung dosimetry modeling efforts will be expanded to include additional
compounds. Data from a comprehensive study completed in 1985, which looked at
the effects of low to moderate lead body burdens in children and adults, will be
analyzed. In addition, data obtained from a study of lead-exposed rhesus monkeys
will be analyzed.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $54,400 in the Salaries and Expenses -appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $145,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,700,700 supported by 60.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,644,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,056,000 is for the Research and Development appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $2,594,000 total dollars over 1984.
There are several major differences between the 1985 and 1984 programs: (1)
research to refine exposure levels and health endpoints is being accelerated; (2)
greater emphasis is being placed on evaluating the effects of gases and particles
in susceptible populations such as asthmatics and emphysemics; (3) efforts to
develop extrapolation models are being accelerated.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$173,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$114,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources wi thi n the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$114,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
A-51
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-Reprogrammings. (-$88,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this
activity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limit-
ations. These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$88,000 to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$29,200) This program was increased by +$29,200 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $8,106,700 supported by 53.3 total
workyears for the program, of which $3,326,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,780,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the completion of' a clinical study describing
the range of health effects seen in mild asthmatics exposed to S02 during exercise.
Two articles were published on developmental changes and other neurobehavioral
effects seen in children with elevated lead body burdens. An animal study was
completed of acute and subchronic respiratory effects following intratracheal
installation of fine and coarse mode particles.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,875,800 supported by 37.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,903,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,972,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $61,500 and a decrease of $264,800, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
•enhanced research to assess the cost-effectiveness, performance and reliability of
FGDs. The decrease in Research and Development reflects the completion of studies
on ESPs and ESFFs.
Research and Assess Emission Reduction Technologies. Research to assess the
mechani sms and veri fy the theory behi nd multi-stage electrostatic preci pitators
(ESPs) for high and low sulfur coals will continue in order to reduce the costs of
particle emission control. Research on the effects of precharging and particle
charge on filtration performance will be continued to improve the operation .and
maintenance of baghouses. Studies of conventional spray drying and flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) methods will be continued. Research on dry, post combustion,
SOX removal processes will continue to focus on evaluating the parameters which
impact the reactivity and performance of sorbents.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $13,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $187,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,079,100 supported by 37.2
total workyears for this program, of which $1,842,200 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,236,900 is for the Research and Development appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $682,700 total dollars over 1984.
A-52
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A major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that pilot scale
research on dry, post-combustion FGD systems is being initiated with emphasis
on the use of alternate sorbents and additives for SOX control. Also, research
on the fundamental chemistry of low-cost FGD systems is being started.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$49,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$6,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$6,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$61,900) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$61,900 to the Research and Development appropria-
tion.
-Pay Raise. (+$18,100) This program was increased by +$18,100 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,396,400 supported by 28.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,441,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,955,200 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Full-seale evaluations of lime spray-drying and limestone scrubbing using a
diabasic acid to enhance S02 removal were completed. This research showed that
the NSPS for SOg and particulate matter can be met at costs lower than when wet
scrubbing systems are used. The limits of using wide diameter electrodes to improve
ESP performance were determined and the principal parameter which makes electrosta-
tically enhanced fabric filters perform superior to conventional bag filters was
identified.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,355,900 supported by 30.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,930,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,425,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $229,000 and $521,000, respectively, and a decrease
of 3.0 total workyears. These decreases reflect the completion of several studies
to improve urban scale particulate models.
Develop and Validate Air Quality Models. Regional, urban, and mesoscale
particulate matter air quality models will continue to be improved to support the
development of the proposed PM-10 NAAQS. The complex terrain dispersion model
will be evaluated and refined to predict one-hour average, ground-level concentra-
tions. Visibility/emission relationships will be studied by modeling during a
periou of reuucea emissions, ana field studies win oe conducted to determine the
sources of visibility reducing aerosols. Data collected from the China field
study will be analyzed and additional cooperative studies will be undertaken to
evaluate 03 formation, materials damage, and S02 conversion in a water solution.
A-53
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Develop Health and Welfare Effects Information. Research on the impacts of
$62 on galvanized steel and particles on painted surfaces will continue.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $2,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $278,200 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,105,900 supported by 33.6
total workyears for this program, of which $2,159,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,946,300 is for the Research and Development appropri-
ation. This reflects a decrease of $480,500 total dollars over 1984.
A major difference between the 1985 and 1984 programs is that less emphasis
is being placed on the development of nitrate and organic aerosol modules. Re-
search to develop complex terrain models is shifting away from field studies,
which were completed in prior years, to the analysis of data obtained from these
studies. In addition, a field study of the soiling of material surfaces by partic-
les is being initiated.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$40,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. . (-$5,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$5,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$51,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$37,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$14,900 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
-Pay Raise. (+$16,300) This program was increased by +$16,300 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $8,586,400 supported by 42.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,353,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,232,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
A users guide for a single source dispersion model was delivered; the results
of the 1983 Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment were analyzed; a full-scale plume
study of a three-dimensional complex terrain area was conducted; and a site specif-
ic S0£ complex terrain model was developed for the Green River oil shale area.
A-54
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards A-56
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment A-58
Pollutant Strategies 8 Air Standards Development A-60
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development A-62
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-64
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization A-66
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support A-68
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance A-69
State Programs Resource Assistance A-71
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) A-73
Training A-75
Air Quality Management Implementation • A-77
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment A-81
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring A-83
Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis A-85
A-55
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AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,976,700 supported by 227.8 total work-
years for 1986, a decrease of $1,451,400 and a decrease of 2.1 total workyears.
Of the total request, $10,477,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $10,498,800 is for tne Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $368,000 and $1,083,400, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment— This program provides for the
establishment, review, and revision of national emission standards for stationary
sources under Sections 111 and 112 of the Clean Air Act. Section 111 requires EPA
to establish New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs). Section 112 authorizes
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
NSPSs reflect the performance of the best control systems for reducing emis-
sions. The standards are set taking into consideration technical feasibility,
cost, and economic, energy, and environmental impacts. The background information
published as part of the process for setting NSPSs provides useful data to State
agencies in defining best available control technology, lowest achievable emission
rates, and reasonably available control technology, when such determinations of
appropriate control levels must be made under other sections of the Clean Air Act.
NESHAPs protect the public from pollutants that cause or contribute to air
pollution that results in an increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness.
PollutantStrategies and Air Standards Development -- The major activities of
this programinclude:(T)regularreview andrevision, as appropriate, of all
existing National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAOSs); (2) identification and
assessment of potential hazardous air pollutants, including the determination as
to the appropriateness of a listing under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act; and
(3) analytic support to Agency efforts to set emission standards for pollutants
regulated under Sections lll(d) and 112 of the Act.
State Program Pol icy Guide!ines and Regulations Development — This program
includes: (~1) developnent of guidelines and regulations that set forth requirements
for air pollution control programs implemented by the States under the Clean Air
Act; and (2) overview of the development and implementation of State and local air
pollution control programs. The State and local programs provide for the attainment
and maintenance of NAAOSs, prevention of significant deterioration of air quality
in clean areas, and the protection of visibility in national parks and wilderness
areas. The overview carried out under this program helps ensure consistency among
EPA Regional Offices, States, and local agencies in carrying out the requirements
of the Clean Ai r Act.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,077,500 supported by 96.5 total workyears
for this program. Of this request, $4,480,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,597,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
A-58
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pnation. This represents a decrease of $210,600 and 51,068,400, respectively, as
well as a decrease of 2.1 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the completion of NSPSs for
a majority of the source categories on the Agency's priorvjty list.
The major program emphasis in 1986 will be reducing emissions from sources of
hazardous air pollutants. This includes source assessments to support Section 112
listing decisions for potentially hazardous pollutants and development of NESHAPs.
During 1986, NESHAPs promulgations include one new NESHAPs for benzene (coke oven
by-product plants) and revised standards for vinyl chloride and mercury. One new
NESHAPs for coke oven emissions (wet charging and topside leaks) and a revised
standard for asbestos (demolition and renovation) will be proposed. Ongoing NESHAPs
work includes development of new standards for sources of chromium and benzene
(gasoline marketing), as well as revised standards for beryllium. NESHAPs activity
will also include development of three new standards from the listing decisions to
be made during 1985. The program will also provide implementation support to
States as part of the new air toxics Agency initiative whereby decisions on the
control of selected air pollutants will be made by individual States rather than
through Federal NESHAPs.
In 1986, efforts are continuing to complete NSPSs for all source categories
required by the Clean Air Act. Promulgations of 12 NSPSs (seven new standards; five
revisions) covering seven additonal priority list source categories are scheduled in
1986. NSPS proposals include six standards (five new standards; one revision).
Developmental work will continue on five NSPSs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$17,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -$795,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
19R5 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,356,500 supported by 98.6
total workyears for this program. Of the total, $4,690,800 is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,665,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
In 1985 NSPS development is continuing. Proposals for 11 NSPSs (eight new
standards; three revisions) and promulgation of 20 NSPSs (14 new standards; six
revisions) are scheduled for 1985 covering 14 additional priority list source
categories. In addition, three NSPS reviews are being completed. Other activity
includes the completion of auto surface coating and wood furniture surface coatiny
assessments.
NESHAPs proposals include revisions to vinyl chloride and mercury. Three
NESHAPs, one for arsenic glass manufacturing, one for low arsenic feedstock copper
smelters, and one for high arsenic feedstock copper smelters, are scheduled for
promulgation. Source assessments for several compounds are also being completed
to support listing decisions in 1985 and 1986. Ongoing NESHAPs development includes
coke oven emissions, benzene (gasoline marketing), chromium, and asbestos.
A-59
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$442,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reurogramming. (-$16,600) This reproyranming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$16,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$473,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this ac-
tivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$163,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -5310,200 to the Abatement, Control and Con-
pliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$47,900) This program was increased by +$47,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $13,618,700 supported by 97.6'total
workyears for this program. Of the amount obligated, $4,513,900 was for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation and $9,104,800 was for contract work under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The contract resources were used
to continue work related to setting NSPSs and NESHAPs.
In 1984, work continued on setting NSPSs for all source categories on EPA's
priority list. NSPS activity included: proposal of eight new standards and four
revisions; promulgation of seven new standards, covering seven additional priority
list source categories, and one NSPS revision; and completion of five reviews of
existing NSPSs. Control Technique Guidelines were completed for four sources of
VOCs.
•Work continued toward promulgation of NESHAPs for three sources of arsenic.
Work also continued on NESHAPs proposals including coke ovens (wet charging and
topside leaks), and revisions to NESHAPs for mercury, vinyl chloride, and asbestos
demolition and renovation. One benzene NESHAPs (coke oven by-product plants) was
proposed'and one benzene NESHAPs for equipment leaks was promulgated in 1984.
Other NESHAPs activity included the withdrawal of three proposed benzene standards
and promulgation of the asbestos work practices revision. The review of the NESHAPs
for mercury was completed, as well as source assessments for four chemical compounds.
During 1984 work was also initiated for the development of air emission regula-
tions under RCRA for TSDF area sources. Standards to be developed include the fol-
lowing TSOF area sources: landfills, surface impoundments, land treatment, con-
tainers, waste piles, storage tanks, and transfer operations. Beginning in 1985,
this activity will be reflected in Program Element, RCRA Regulatory Program -
Office of Air and Radiation.
POLLUTANT STRATEGI-ES ANO AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,181,800 supported by 85.4 total workyears
for this program. Of this request, $3,804,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,377,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $100,200 and $15,000, respectively, but
no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
A-60
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In 1986, NAAQS revision or reaffirmation for lead will be proposed and
revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for participate matter and sulfur dioxide will be
promulgated. The development of regulatory impact analyses for ozone will be
completed. Regulatory decisions will be made for 9-13 potential hazardous pollu-
tants. Involvement in air toxics activities will continue. This includes support
for the implementation of the National Air Toxics Strategy, operation of. the Air
Toxics Clearinghouse to support State programs, conducting workshops, providing
information on health, exposure and risk assessment, and support to ensure adequate
control of localized air toxics problems that may not be suitable for a national
regulatory program.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$2,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,297,000 supported by 85.4
total workyears for this program. Of this amount, $3,905,000 is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $2,392,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
Revision or reaffirmation of the NAAQS for sulfur dioxide is being proposed
in 1985. The final promulgations of revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for carbon monoxide
and nitrogen dioxide are also expected. Reviews of the NAAQSs for lead and ozone
are underway. Application of a risk assessment methodology is planned in 1985 as
part of the review of the NAAQSs for ozone and. lead. An Advance Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking for a fine particle secondary NAAQS is also being completed. Pollutant
assessment activities will result in listing decisions for 17 substances. Work is
continuing on a number of other pollutants scheduled for regulatory decisions in
1986.- Other activities include: completion of a National Air Toxics Strategy,
implementation of the Air Toxics Clearinghouse, refinement of the exposure and
risk assessment methodology, and support to State and local programs on air toxics
problems.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$215,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$85,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$85,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$260,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this ac-
tivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limit-
ations. These changes resulted in a net increase of +$260,100 to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$41,500) This program was increased by +$41,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
A-61
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,081,900 supported by 66.9 total
workyears for this program. Of the amount obligated, $3,045,100 was for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation and 52,036,800 was for contract work under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Revisions to the NAAQSs for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide were pro-
posed in 1984 and work was underway to propose appropriate revisions to the NAAQSs
for sulfur dioxides, lead, and ozone. In addition, work continued toward final
action on review of the NAAOS for carbon monoxide. In the pollutant assessment
area, work continued on the health and risk assessment of potentially toxic air
pollutants to determine the need for regulations. Listing decisions were published
for toluene, polycyclic organic matter, and coke ovens emissions in 1984. Other
activities included completion of the development plan for the the Air Toxics
Clearinghouse.and initiation of the operational phase in the form of information
exchange. In addition, a six-month study on air toxics was completed which pro-
vided the first step toward the development of a comprehensive air toxics strategy.
STATE PROGRAM POLICY GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,717,400 supported by 45.9 total workyears
for this program. Of this request, $2,192,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $524,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $57,200 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation but no change for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion and in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Govern-
ment-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
In 1986, the program will continue to provide national direction, management,
and assistance to the air quality management process.- The program will also develop
regulations, policies, and technical guidance to support the implementation of
revised NAAQSs for lead, size-specific particulate matter (PMio)t sulfur dioxide,
and fine particles. Regulatory actions will include promulgation of PM}Q regula-
tions to implement the revised NAAQS. Implementation of the National Air Audit
System will be a major activity. Revised audit criteria will also be provided to
Regions for their use in conducting State audits and a national audit report will
be published. Management of the program for new source" review and prevention of
significant deterioration will also continue. This will encompass technical analy-
ses and support to litigation including promulgation of strip mines rulemaking
and proposal of vessel emissions rulemaking. In addition, management and overview
of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) process will continue, together with the
management and overview of the Post 1982 attainment program. Tne operation of
the VOC control strategies clearinghouse will be continued and support will be
provided to implement the State pilot control program for acrylonitrile and other
toxic pollutants.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The decrease of
-$100,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects reduc-
tions to consulting services.
A-62
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,774,600 supported by 45.9
total workyears to this program. Of the total, $2,250,100 is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $524,500 is for contract work under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
National management and oversight of major SIP programs is continuing to
ensure that deficient SIPs are corrected and that SIP revision backlogs do not
occur. Program policy and guidance is being provided for SIP development and
approval, nuring 1985, States should complete SIPs for most of the 39 areas where
the NAAOSs for sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide were
not net by December 1982. Policy and guidance are being developed to resolve any
issues associated with these SIPs. Regulations are being developed to implement
the revised NAAQS for PM^g- Regulations are being promulgated for stack heights,
visibility, and intermittent control systems. Other activities include management
of the new source review/prevention of significant deterioration program, continua-
tion of the National Air Audit System, and development of an initiative for the
control of toxic pollutants, using State or local regulations, rather than NESHAPs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$10,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramnnng. (-$12,300) This reprograming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$12,300 to the Salaries and Expens'es appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$22,300) This program was increased by +$22,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,862,400 supported by 74.6 total
workyears for this program. Of the amount obligated, $3,220,100 was for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation and $1,642,300 was for the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation.
National management and evaluation of all major SIP programs continued in 1984.
Program guidance, policy papers, and technical information were developed on a var-
iety of issues including post-1982 attainment, PH^g. and lead. A major policy for
post-1982 nonattainment areas was published in early 1984 outlining steps that must
oe taken to meet the NAAQSs. Policy guidance and program assistance were continued
for the areas that had been granted attainment date extensions for the ozone and
carbon monoxide NAAQSs. Lead SIPs were developed in accordance with the schedule
and requirements of the litigation settlement agreement. New source review program
guidance was provided and the National Air Audit System was implemented for four
program areas (air quality planning, new source review, compliance assurance, and
air monitoring). A National Air Audit report was also prepared.
A-63
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A-65
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,560,800 supported by 198.8 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $119,500 and no change in total workyears from 1985. Of
the request, $9,808,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,752,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $498,800 and an increase of $379,300, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity includes the following mobile source programs:
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization — This program
provides the standards development and analysis required for the control of mobile
source emissions, as specified by the Clean Air Act. Work is also carried out to
improve fuel economy testing procedures and evaluate fuel economy retrofit devices,
as required by the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. This program
is responsible for developing both light-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine emis-
sion standards. Other major program activities include: characterization of hazar-
dous emissions, assessment of emissions control technology, technical assistance
to the States for implementation of local control programs, assessment of actual
emissions levels from in-use vehicles, and analysis of the current and prospective
impacts of motor vehicle emissions on air quality.
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support — This program provides basic
testing, technical, and administrative support to the mobile source operating
programs of EPA.
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compljjnce — This program implements the emissions
certification and compliance requirements of the Clean Air Act and the fuel economy
information and compliance requirements of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act, As part of this program, fuel economy information is made available
to the consumer through the mile per gallon values published in the Gas Mileage
Guide and on new vehicle labels.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,308,400 supported by 71.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,490,800 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,817,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $152,700 and an increase of $379,300, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects support for evaluating potentially
hazardous fuels.
Following the promulgation of heavy-duty engine standards for nitrogen oxides
and particulates in 1985, the program will focus on implementation support. The
final rule for standards and test procedures for methanol fueled vehicles will
also be completed. A notice of proposed, rulemaking for evaporative emissions
control during refueling will be completed. Assessment of emissions control tech-
nology will continue.
A-66
-------
Resources devoted to motor vehicle fuels issues will help discourage the use of
environmentally damaging fuels and fuel additives while promoting the introduction
of environmentally sound alternatives. Technical evaluation and emissions charac-
terization of vehicles using alternative fuels, particularly methanol, will con-
tinue; a new emphasis will be on undertaking technology assessment projects which
will address the information gap on the overall performance of methanol engines.
Assessment of the effectiveness of operational vehicle inspection and maintenance
(I/M) programs will continue. Fuel economy work will focus on the differences
between in-use fuel economy and the EPA fuel economy figures, and on further
improvements to EPA's fuel economy information program. The testing and evalu-
ation of fuel economy retrofit devices will continue.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. There is no
reduction in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The decrease of -$278,300
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to
consulting services regarding technology and pollutant assessment.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,081,800 supported by 71.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,643,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,438,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1985 efforts will be concentrated on standards for heavy-duty nitrogen
oxides and particulate emissions. The final rulemaking for the heavy-duty particu-
late standards and the heavy-duty engine and light-duty truck nitrogen oxides
standards will be promulgated. Renewed interest in the issue of evaporative
emissions control during refueling has resulted in the preparation of a technical
paper on control options, and in the initiation of a rulemaking. The program
continues to provide implementation assistance and review of State Implementation
Plans, particularly as they relate to I/M, In 1984, a pilot program of I/M pro-
gram audits was initiated to assess the effectiveness of the State and local I/M
programs; the pilot audit program continues in 1985, with 15 percent of I/M programs
scheduled for audit. Additional work focuses on the testing of in-use vehicles,
including the evaluation of new technology vehicles. Characterization of emissions
from vehicles powered by alternative fuels continues. Work has begun on a rulemaking
which will establish standards and a test procedure for methanol-fueled vehicles.
In 1985, test procedures for trap-equipped diesel vehicles and engines will be
proposed. Evaluation of the effectiveness of fuel economy retrofit devices
continues.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$144,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$178,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$53,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$125,000 to the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$34,900) This program was increased by +$34,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
A-67
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,921,500 supported by 71.5 total
workyears, of which $3,548,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,372,800 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Standards development work focused on diesel particulates, heavy-duty engine
emissions, and the emissions from vehicles operated at high altitudes. Efforts
related to heavy-duty engine emissions included preparation for implementation of
standards for evaporative hydrocarbon emissions and standards for exhaust hydrocar-
bon and carbon monoxide emissions. Light-duty diesel particulate standards, origi-
nally set for model year 1985, were postponed to 1987 to provide time for the
industry to develop adequate control systems. Support was furnished to States
developing implementation plans. The testing and evaluation of five fuel economy
retrofit devices were performed.
TESTING, TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,664,600 supported by 93.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,764,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $900,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $290,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and
no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
This program will provide testing, technical, and administrative support to
the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources at the EPA Motor Vehicle
Emissions, Laboratory (MVEL). Activities that will be supported include recall,
tampering and fuel switching, standard setting, emissions characterization, tech-
nology assessment, fuel economy, in-use vehicle emissions assessment, and motor
vehicle emission certification. The support that will be provided includes:
automated data processing (ADP) timesharing services, laboratory data acquisition,
and computer operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and
fuel economy; quality control and correlation services for EPA and industry testing
programs; maintenance and engineering design of emission testing equipment; and
personnel, administration, safety, and facilities support services.
1985 Rescission
The reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$3,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,954,600 supported by a 93.6
total workyears for this program, of which $5,054,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $900,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Testing and technical support activities have been increased to
operate at a level where significant economies of scale can be obtained. Similar
testing activities have been consolidated.
A-68
-------
Testing support to the certification and fuel economy labeling and compliance
programs continues, with 1,000 tests scheduled for these purposes. An additional
1,840 tests of-in-use vehicles at the MVEL support the following programs: recall,
surveillance, tampering and fuel switching, and emission factor programs. Testing
also includes support for the heavy-duty emission factors program. Correlation
programs ensure consistency among test facilities between manufacturers and EPA.
Personnel, facility s,upport services, safety, ADP, and administrative management
functions are provided for at the MVEL.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
*
The net increase of +$1,400 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$40,700) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$40,700 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$45,500) This program was increased by +$45,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,813,100 supported by 89.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,713,100 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,100,000 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1984, the program continued to increase testing and vehicle procurement
at the MVEL. A total of 2,639 tests were performed at the laboratory during the
year. Data from these tests were analyzed by other programs and used by the pre-
production certification and fuel economy programs.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,587,800 supported by 33.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,552,800 will for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $35,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $56,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in
total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide
reductions to pay and administrative services.
The emissions and fuel economy compliance program will continue to issue
between 300 and 400 certificates of compliance during the year. Participation in
the certification program by importers for resale is expected to increase. The
fuel economy information and compliance program will generate information for
the Gas Mileage Guide, calculate fuel economy labels, and calculate each manu-
facturer's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). The in-use technology assessment
program will continue to stress the examination of continuing durability of control
technology at high mileage. Alternatives for improving the effectiveness of the
certification program in reducing high mileage in-use noncompliance will be identi-
fied, as will the possibilities for further cost reduction.
A-69
-------
1985 Rescission
The reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$7,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,643,900 supported by 33.3
total workyears for this program, of which $1,608,900 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $35,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to streamline the certification process by revising
requirements to reduce the burden on industry without sacrificing emissions reduc-
tions. Programs to assess the performance of high mileage in-use vehicles in
order to gather data on in-use emissions and emission control system deteriora-
tion are underway. The fuel economy program continues to generate 1,600 to 1,700
fuel economy labels a year, data for the Gas Mileage Guide, and 40 CAFE calcula-
tions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$90,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$5,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (+$80,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of +$80,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$16,200) This program was increased by +$16,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,454,700 supported by 33.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,420,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation a'nd $34,500 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
Certificates were issued for 307 light-duty engine families. The fuel economy
program produced 2,053 labels and performed 48 CAFE calculations. The final rule-
making for changes to improve the certification process was promulgated. Increased
effort is being devoted to revising the fuel economy program to more closely approx-
imate in-use results, improving the labeling data base, and reducing the manufac-
turers' reporting costs.
A-70
-------
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A-72
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AIR
State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,261,900 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $4,240,100 from 1985. There is no change in the number
of total workyears requested. Of the request, $227,900 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $95,034,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, a decrease of $9,200 and an increase ot $4,249,300, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity provides financial support to State and local air pollution
control agencies, as well as air quality programs for Indian lands, for the preven-
tion, abatement, and control of air pollution. The primary objective of this
subactivity is to support the development and implementation of effective State
and local programs for the attainment and maintenance of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQSs), in accordance with provisions of the Clean Air Act.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) -- Direct grants
to control agencies that have major roles for developing and carrying out programs
under the Clean Air Act constitute the major form of EPA resource assistance. The
grants support State and local activities which develop State Implementation Plans
(SIPs) for the attainment and maintenance of the NAAQSs; enforce source emission
regulations and requirements contained within the SIPs; review and permit new
sources; monitor ambient air quality for assessing environmental quality and pro-
gress; and develop data bases necessary for regulatory decisions. In addition,
these funds promote .the assumption and implementation of other Clean Air Act respon-
sibilities including those for the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD),
protection of visibility and the implementation of New Source Performance Standards
(NSPSs) and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air' Pollutants (NESHAPs).
Training -- Traditionally, resource assistance is further supplemented by
the provision of training in specialized areas of air pollution control. Mew
courses are developed as needed, instruction manuals and materials are revised and
updated, and manuals and instructional materials are provided to university train-
ing centers. The EPA staff works with university centers to develop State and
local self-sufficiency in training by offering courses at area training centers.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 105 GRANTS)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,034,000 for grants, all in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. This request represents an increase of
54,326,300. The increase provides for enhanced enforcement activity to obtain and
maintain source compliance with SIP requirements, NSPSs, and NESHAPs; purchase of
new or replacement monitors for the ambient networks, including visibility monitors
in selected Class I areas; and improved State air toxics assessment and regulatory
act ivit les.
In 1986, States will continue to develop and implement the regulatory programs
necessary for the attainment of NAAQSs in areas missing the 1982 deadlines
or having extensions to 1987. States will also prepare necessary corrections to
the SIPs where State/EPA reviews of progress identify needed changes in attainment
strategies or new nonattainnent problems are documented. States will prepare
regulatory plans for the attainment of the standard for size-specific participate
A-73
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matter (PMio) upon promulgation of the NAAQS. Revisions to SIPs addressing
EPA's revised stack height regulations will be completed. States will assume
responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and NESHAPs.
States will continue to fully operate and quality assure the National Air
Monitoring System (NAMS) and State and Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS) networks.
A number of the more seriously deteriorated network monitors for ozone' and carbon
monoxide will be replaced. States will continue to modify existing networks to
collect data necessary for regulatory decisions and the development of required
PM}Q SIPs, including the purchase of monitoring equipment for determining PM}Q
levels in probable nonattainment areas. States will also purchase instrumenta-
tion and conduct limited background visibility monitoring in key Class I areas.
States will carry out their inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources, including the
provision of "timely and appropriate" response to violations. Emphasis will conti-
nue to focus on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sources and sources subject to
NESHAPs, including significantly expanded efforts to implement the asbestos work
practices NESHAPs. Grant resources will also support the implementation of ongoing
vehicle anti-tampering regulatory programs and the development of new programs.
Grants will help States having high risk sources to evaluate emissions,
exposure, and develop regulatory programs as necessary for control of four to five
air toxic compounds where EPA has determined through formal Agency decisions that
national risks are not of sufficient magnitude to warrant a Federal standard or
program. These efforts will build upon the findings and results of the acryloni-
trile pilot program implemented in 1984 and 1985. State efforts for these type of
compounds will improve the timeliness and efficiency of regulation. Specific
projects to analyze and develop technical and institutional foundations for possible
future acid rain control strategies will continue in selected States.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $90,707,700 to this program,
all in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1985, States are completing development of corrective SIPs where they
have been notified by EPA during 1984 of SIP deficiencies or new nonattainment
problems. States are also developing and implementing the regulations and programs
necessary for attainment in areas having extensions of the attainment deadline for
carbon monoxide and for ozone to 1987. Revisions to SIPs accommodating requirements
of the court order and modified Agency stack height regulations are being initiated.
States are continuing the operation and quality assurance of the NAMS and
SLAMS networks. Selected States are initiating programs to develop technical and
institutional foundations for possible future acid rain control strategies including
improvement of date bases and evaluation of control options. State and local-
agencies are continuing to develop and improve their air toxics programs.
State compliance programs are continuing to focus efforts on assuring ini-
tial and continuous compliance by stationary sources through improved inspection
techniques and continuous monitoring activities. Emphasis is being placed on
violating sources of VOCs and sources subject to NESHAPs. States are negotiating
and implementing efforts to improve the Federal/State enforcement process described
in their cooperative agreements with EPA in defining "timely and appropriate"
response to violating sources.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$4,427,000 results from the following actions:
A-74
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-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$4,400,000) This reprograroning reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$4,400,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogramminfts. (-$27,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this ac-
tivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$27,000 to the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
1984 Accomplisnnents
In 1984, the Agency obligated $87,450,700 for this program, all in the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation.- Air management efforts included:
analyses of the SIPs for areas missing the December 1982 NAAQSs attainment deadline;
development and adoption of additional regulations and programs in areas having
extensions to 1987 for meeting the carbon monoxide and ozone NAAQSs; and continued
development of overdue SIPs for lead. Enforcement activities focused on continued
efforts to verify and maintain compliance, principally through inspections and
enforcement actions, review and permitting of new sources, enforcement of delegated
responsibility for NSPSs and NESHAPs, and initial compliance determinations for
the additional sources subject to newly enacted SIP requirements in nonattainment
areas. Monitoring programs provided for the operation and quality assurance of
NAMS and SLAMS networks. Other activities included the initiation of activities
to develop size-specific participate data bases necessary for regulatory decisions
and the continued development of State and local air toxics programs.
TRAINING
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $227,900, supported by 4.0 total workyears for
tnis program, all for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This request is
a decrease of $9,200 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of
$77,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and no change in
total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide
reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects the Agency's decision that States are capable of providing
sufficient training in the basic aspects of air pollution control.
In 1986, EPA will manage the self-study training program. Technical support
will be provided to States and Regions planning workshops and training courses. In
addition, existing courses will be updated using fn-house skills.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $314,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program. Of the allocation, $237,100 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $77,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Activities include management of the self-study training 'program,
technical support to States and Regions planning workshops and training cou-rses,
and updating of existing courses using in-house skills.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$321,800 results from the following actions:
A-75
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-RCRA Reprograrnning. (-$450,700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net decrease
of -$450,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$127,000) Several reprogrammirvgs were nade to this ac-
tivity which were not reportahle under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$127,000 to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$1,900) This program was increased by +$1,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,206,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program. Of the amount obligated, $228,900 was for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation and $977,200 was for the. Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. A total of 35 training courses were conducted covering
15 subject areas for 667 students at six area training centers. Graduate trainee-
ships or fellowships were provided for 23 control agency employees. In addition,
nine new and revised self-instructional correspondence and classroom courses were
prepared.
A-76
-------
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A-77
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,698,100 supported by 294.4 total workyears
for this program, a decrease of $258,500 hut no change in total workyears from
1985. Of the request, $11,403,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $294,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease
of $258,500 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity provides resources for the operation an-d maintenance of an
air quality management program in each of the Agency's ten Regional Offices.
Under the Clean Air Act, the States have primary responsibility for preparing
attainment strategies and meeting the commitments for the development and imple-
mentation of multiple regulatory programs essential to the attainment and main-
tenance of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). State strategies and
programs have to be revised when NAAQSs are modified or new standards are estab-
lished. The Regional program, in partnership with State and local air pollution
control agencies, has a major responsibility for implementing the requirements
of the Clean Air Act and related EPA regulations governing the attainment and
maintenance of the NAAQSs. The air management program provides policy guidance
and technical consultation to States helping them to prepare strategies and regula-
tory programs. The program also conducts the necessary regulatory review and
coordination for approval of strategies and regulations in State Implementation
Plans (SIPs) submitted to EPA. The program also plays the principal role in nego-
tiating air quality program grants to State and local control agencies and auditing
the progress and effectiveness of these agencies in developing, implementing, and
enforcing regulatory programs.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,698,100 supported by 294.4 total workyears
for this program. Of this request, $ll,403,bOO is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $294,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $258,500 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, but no change for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
and in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Govern-
ment-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
The Regional air management program will continue efforts to restore environ-
mental quality, particularly the protection of public health within the remaining
nonattainment areas. Nonattainment efforts will focus on the most severe ozone
areas which have the largest sensitive population. Support of State efforts to
evaluate and develop both the stationary and mobile source controls (e.g., addi-
tional emission regulations, anti-tampenng/mi sfuel i ng programs, Stage II vapor
recovery programs, and specific extraordinary measures) necessary for reducing
further the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will be emphasized.
Support of State programs for regulating vehicle tampering and misfueling will
continue reflecting the importance of these programs to the attainment of stan-
dards.
A-78
-------
With the promulgation of a 'NAAQS for PMjQ' m^jor efforts will be conducted to
help States develop the required SIPs. Analyses to assess State progress toward
the attainment of standards will be conducted in several of the more significant
extension areas. The SIPs will continue to be processed on schedule minimizing
major backlogs including those implementing revised Agency regulations governing
stack heights.
Resources will be provided to ensure effective and timely implementation of
the National Air Audit System (NAAS), particularly the provision of feedback to
the audited agencies. The Regional program will provide implementation support
for delegated programs to help resolve problems identified during the annual
audits.
With the completion by the Agency of a national strategy for air toxics during
1985, differing regulatory approaches are expected to evolve. The results of the
Agency's current pilot project with acrylonitrile, which explores State and local
agency responsibility for assessing and regulating high risk sources where a
national standard cannot be justified, are expected to promote the use of similar
approaches for an additional 4-5 compounds during 1986. Regions will also continue
programs which facilitate the transfer of information on air toxics and facilitate
responses to State assistance requests and needs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$24,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$2,300 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
I
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,956,600 supported by 294.4
total workyears for this program. Of the total, $11,662,000 is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $294,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regional air management program is focusing on the development, review,
and approval of State strategies, regulations, and actions in areas that missed
the statutory 1982 deadline or that cannot demonstrate attainment by 1987. Implemen-
tation of the Agency policy for remedying deficient SIPs in areas violating the
NAAQSs is continuing, including appropriate sanctions under the Clean Air Act in
those cases where States do not correct deficient SIPs or progress toward correc-
tive actions is inadequate.
Resources are also being provided to assist States to develop and implement
the necessary regulations and programs for attainment of NAAQSs within areas having
extensions of the attainment deadline. Particular attention is being given to the
more populated urban areas requiring highly complex stationary and mobile source
controls. Resources are being provided to help a sizeable number of States and
local air pollution control agencies develop programs to prevent vehicle tampering
and fuel switching and to inspect motor vehicles in areas not attaining NAAQSs for
ozone, carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide. Also, resources are being provided to
help States prepare to respond to the anticipated NAAQS for size-specific particu-
lates.
During 1985, EPA will complete a national air strategy for air toxics. The
Agency is also undertaking a pilot program (with acrylonitrile) which will explore
the merits and problems with the control of certain toxic air pollutants solely at
A-79
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the State and local level. Major resources are also being provided to help State
and local agencies develop and improve their own air toxics programs reflecting
the increasing concern and evolving regulation of air toxics by the Agency and the
States.
1985 Explanation of Changes .from the Enacted
The net increase of +$136,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramming. (-$7,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportableunder the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -57,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$143,000) This program was increased by +$143,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $10,651,300 supported by 272.5 total
workyears for this program. Of the amount obligated, $10,353,200 was for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 5298,100 was for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1984, Regional air management efforts focused on completing necessary
modification to attainment designations for specific areas and issuing the final
notifications to States calling for corrective SIPs in those areas failing to
meet the December 1982 attainment deadline. Some notifications included proposed
sanctions. The Regional program also worked with a number of States to develop
lead SIPs consistent with provisions required by the settlement of litigation
against the Agency. The Regions completed review and approval or disapproval
actions where lead SIPs were submitted.
The program provided extensive guidance and support to States which missed
the 1982 deadlines, to States developing additional regulatory programs in areas
having extensions to 1987, and to States defining requirements and assessing possi-
ble problems in anticipation of the promulgation of a size-specific particulate
NAAQS. Rulemaking actions for State strategies and revisions continued to be
processed in an efficient manner to prevent recurrence of any major SIP backlog.
Finally, the program continued to negotiate air grants and initiated the NAAS for
review of State air quality planning, new source review, compliance assurance, and
air monitoring programs.
A-80
-------
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MR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,102,000 supported by 158.1 total work-
years for 1986, a decrease of $218,700 and 0.9 total workyears from 1985. Of the
request, $6,713,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,388,500
is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $218,700
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring -- Activity in this program includes: (1) EPA's
management overview of State ambient air quality monitoring networks, associated
laboratory and field quality assurance activities, and implementation of air moni-
toring strategies described in EPA air monitoring regulations; (2) the coordina-
tion of Regional and State field investigation activities for collecting ambient
air quality samples for subsequent sample analysis and related quality co'ntrol;
(3) the review of source emissions data; and (4) the necessary management and
coordination to ensure tinely storage and validation of the data collected.
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis — Major activities
include"! (T) national coordination, of Regional Office, STate, and local ambient
monitoring, air quality modeling, and emission inventory programs; (2) issuance of
new and revised regulatory requirements and related technical guidance; (3) active
oversight and auditing of the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) network; (4)
development and operation of computer systems for storing, retrieving, and analyzing
ambient air quality and emission data at the State and national level; and (5)
preparation of trends analyses and related air quality and emission progress
assessments for program evaluation and development and for public information
needs.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,770,100 supported by 92.5 total workyears
for this program. Of this request, $3,6b5,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $114,200 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $69,800 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, but no change for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
and total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
The EPA Pvpgional Offices will continue the overview and management of State air
monitoring programs, including review of grants made under Section 105 of the
Clean Air Act. They will also continue the coordination of data bases involving
emissions data, criteria pollutant air quality data, and related precision and
accuracy information necessary for quantifying data quality. Monitoring networks
and data supporting highly controversial or technically difficult construction
permits under the prevention of significant deterioration program will be reviewed.
The data bases from the NAMS and State and Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS)
networks will be validated for completeness and accuracy. Most of the SLAMS net-
works will be evaluated, as required by 40 CFR 58. Approximately 150 new or re-
vised NAMS sites will be visited, evaluated, and documented. Data analyses, includ-
ing air quality and emission trends information, will be developed as input to
A-83
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various environmental management and indicator efforts, including the Regional
Environmental Management Reports. In the area of quality assurance, significant
resources will be used for on-site systems and performance audits of State networks
and monitors. In addition, the Regional labs will participate in the national air
audit program. The start-up of State networks for measurement of size-specific
particulates (PMjo) will require review of the NAMS and SLAMS networks, including
'site visits to verify compliance with monitoring regulations.
Regional Offices will be involved in the implementation of the air toxics
monitoring strategy. This involvement will include coordinating with State and
local agencies and the EPA Office of Research and Development to set up air
toxics monitoring trend stations throughout the Nation, assisting in site selection
for monitoring stations, and ensuring samples are collected and sent to a central
laboratory for analysis.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$3,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -$1,000 in the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,839,900 supported by 92.5
total workyears for this program. Of the allocation, $3,725,700 is for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation and $114,200 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1985, the Regions are continuing the baseline program of overview and
management of State emissions and air quality monitoring programs, including section
105 grants review. The validation and coordination of State and local air quality
and emission data, before the data are submitted to central EPA data banks, is also
continuing. In 1985 special emphasis is being placed on reviewing the data bases
upon which attainment status determinations will be made for the revised National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM^g. The Regions and States are beginning
their analysis of the total monitoring network needed to support development of
SIPs for size-specific particulates and subsequent tracking of progress and trends
in meeting the revised NAAQS. The data needed ,for various environmental management
efforts are being compiled and displayed for use in determining existing condi-
tions, trends, and progress toward environmental objectives. Quality assurance
activities and auditing of State programs are continuing.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$44,900 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$44,900) This program was increased by +$44,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $3,322,800 supported by 87.0 total workyears
for this program. Of the amount obligated, $3,218,500 was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $104,300 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Contract funds from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation were used for Regional data analyses and preparation of the Regional
Environmental Management Reports.
A-84
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The SLAMS network was reviewed and an assessment of equipment needs made.
The Regional Offices continued to work with States, through the annual review
process, in identifying and eliminating air monitoring sites which have only
marginal utility or are the least useful in supporting program decisions. The
Regions continued their programs of site visits to evaluate and document NAMS
stations, as well as a small percentage of SLAMS stations. Laboratories were
evaluated for proper operating and quality assurance procedures. The management,
coordination, and validation of State and local air quality and emission data
before submission to EPA's central data banks also continued.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,331,900 supported by 65.6 total workyears
for this program. Of the request, $3,057,600 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,274,300 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. The request is a decrease of $148,900 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation but no change for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion as well as a decrease of 0.9 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and
Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
Existing air data systems will be maintained and guidance provided to users.
Monitoring regulations, modeling guidance, emission factors, and computer software
will be modified to accommodate changes to NAAQSs. The program also will produce
ambient and emission -trends analyses and progress assessments, provide national
oversight of Regional Office and State and local air monitoring programs, and
manage the NAMS network. NAMS management will include maintaining a site information
base, reviewing and validating data, issuing status reports on regulatory com-
pliance, and performing on-site evaluations of a sample of NAMS monitors. A fine
particulate monitoring strategy will be developed.- The program will also continue
development of the air quality segment of the Aerbmetn'c Information Retrieval
System (AIRS). Statistical analyses will be provided to support new or revised
NAAQSs/
In the area of air toxics, the program will continue to implement the national
toxic monitoring strategy and will continue to develop air toxics emission factors
and related information. In addition, the program will provide specialized scienti-
fic data and guidance to States developing State Implementation Plans for PM^Q.
The program will also develop data and technical guidance to support new and revised
NAAQSs, with emphasis on rural ozone and fine particulates. Specialized analyses
will also be conducted to assist in resolving remaining post-1982 nonattainment
problems.
In addition, emission factors for criteria pollutants will be updated and
work will be initiated on the development of fine particulate emission factors and
guidance. The modeling program will continue. This includes promulgation of
revisions to the modeling guideline, guidance and oversight of modeling applica-
tions, impact analyses to support NSPSs, NESHAPs, and NAAQS development, and
operation of the modeling clearinghouse.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,480,800 supported by 66.5
total workyears for this program. Of the allocation, $3,206,500 is for the Sala-
ries and Expenses appropriation and $1,274,300 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
A-85
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Improvements to the monitoring regulations are being proposed, and during
1985 the program is distributing 650 retrofitted PM^g monitors to State and
local agencies for immediate use in those areas of highest priority for the imple-
mentation of the proposed PM^Q MAAQS. Implementation of the toxic pollutant
monitoring strategy is beginning. Implementation includes national assessment of
progress in strategy implementation, preparation of an annual status report on
toxic pollutant trends, analyses of ambient toxics data, and development of audit
procedures for toxic monitoring.
The emissions program is concentrating on completing PMiQ emission factors,
conducting dioxin emission testing, and providing preliminary data for toxic
pollutants. The modeling program is being maintained. An updated modeling guide-
line is being proposed, operation of the sulfur dioxide Model Clearinghouse and
other photochemical and dispersion modeling guidance activities are continuing and
the multi-year program to evaluate model accuracy is proceeding on schedule.
Development of the air quality subsystem for the proposed AIRS is continuing; and
options for maintaining a national emissions data base, possibly including com-
pliance information, are being evaluated. • Scientific analyses in support of new
and revised ambient and emission standards are continuing. Major emphasis in all
program areas is being focused on developing the scientific data, monitoring re-
gulations, emission factors, and other technical guidance necessary for successful
implementation of the proposed new PMjg NAAQS, scheduled for promulgation in 1986.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$11,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$5,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$15,200) A reprogramming was made to this activity which'
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$15,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$32,300) This program was increased by +$32,300 reflecting
the -amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $3,130,100 supported by 32.2 total workyears
for this program. Of the amount obligated, $1,591,400 was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,538,700 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Contract funds supported procurement of retrofitted PHjo monitors,
the emission factor program, air quality modeling, guidance for revised NAAOS
implementation and trends reports and analyses.
In 1984, emphasis continued on operating the existing air data systems, and
on providing support to 35 State and local agencies using EPA developed data
systems. Other major activities included preparation of special air quality and
emission analyses, statistics, and reports; national oversight of State and local
monitoring programs including on-site audits of 138 NAMS; and proposal of revised
nonitoring regulations to reflect revisions to the NAAOS for particulate matter.
Implementation of the national strategy for air toxics monitoring continued,
including preparation of guidance on network design and operation; assessing
progress in toxic monitoring by Federal, State, and local agencies; and developing
a long-term plan for the implementation of the toxic monitoring strategy. Also,
A-86
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in 1984, the program published one criteria pollutant emission factor supplement
and emission factors for six toxic substances. PM^o emission inventory guidance
was also prepared. Development of AIRS continued with completion of the design
requirements and specifications for the air quality subsystem and the geographical/
common identifiers subsystem. Activity to develop the facility (emissions and
compliance data) subsystem was suspended to focus all available resources on the
air quality subsystem.
A-87
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-89
Mobile Source Enforcement A-94
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A-89
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,661,200 supported by 312.5 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $107,200 and an increase of 3.0 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request $11,623,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,038,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation a
decrease of $107,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
The stationary source enforcement program provides support to and coordination
with State and local air pollution control agencies and direct Federal enforcement
as required to ensure that stationary sources achieve and maintain compliance with
the requirements of the Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977. The EPA headquarters
component provides national policy and guidance, while the Regional Office program
implements the enforcement effort and assists the States.
Stationary Source Enforcement— This program focuses primarily on enforcement
of the requirements established in State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for meeting
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). The enforcement program also
focuses on new source programs such as New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs)
and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
As a result of industry efforts in controlling emissions and the effectiveness
of State, local, and Federal control programs, approximately 90 percent of the more
than 18,000 major stationary sources have achieved compliance with all applicable
emission limitations. Although the current rate of compliance represents a signifi-
cant achievement, efforts must continue to ensure that remaining sources come
into compliance with present standards, that compliance is obtained with any new
or revised standards, and that compliance, once achieved, is maintained. EPA
will continue to provide State and local agencies with technical support in their
efforts to realize these goals and, where appropriate, initiate its own enforcement
actions.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,661,200 supported by 312.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,623,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,038,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $107,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and
an increase of 3.0 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in
total workyears reflects accelerated implementation of the Agency's Continuous
Compliance Strategy, specifically in the following areas: development of guidance
on the major causes of malfunctions for various types of control equipment and
process operations to enable control agencies to evaluate and respond to allegations
of malfunctions by sources; study and design of a computer-based malfunction data
system; and development of a model recordkeeping system for major types of control
devices and record analysis procedures to facilitate review of the data associated
with the system.
A-90
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In 1986, the stationary source compliance program will carry forward the
basic thrust of the program now being implemented in 1985. The program, working
in close cooperation with State and local agencies, will continue to ensure that
noncomplying significant sources in areas not meeting NAAQSs are brought into
compliance, consistent with the Clean Air Act. Enforcement actions will be brought
against NSPS, NESHAPs, and prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) violators
and against Class A sources in nonattainment areas (i.e., sources- with actual or
potential uncontrolled emissions of at least 100 tons/year), thus fully implementing
the Agency's Post-1982 Enforcement Policy.
Implementation of the asbestos demolition and renovation strategy will con-
tinue, as will initiatives to enforce other NESHAPs. Use of Continuous Emissions
Monitoring (CEM) data will be expanded in inspection targeting and enforcement.
If a revised size-specific particulate matter NAAQS has been promulgated, SIPs
will be reviewed for enforceability and enforcement aspects of the transition
period addressed. The fundamental activities such as permitting and compliance
functions for nondelegated programs, maintenance of data systems, participation in
section 105 grant management and negotiation of State/EPA Agreements, review of
State programs, and response to formal inquiries will also be maintained.
During 1986, the Regional compliance program will continue to provide assis-
tance in selected Federal judicial referrals, consent decrees, and section 120
actions. There are plans to conduct an estimated 1,725 inspections, and issue
approximately 92 administrative orders during 1986. The Regional Offices will
also provide training and workshops for State inspectors and support the develop-
ment of local compliance strategies.
In 1986, EPA headquarters will participate in development of policy guidance,
planning and budgeting, review of selected Regional activities and of Regional
program performance; assure the enforceabi1ity of proposed Agency regulations
under NSPS, NESHAPs, and new source/PSD programs; respond to formal inquiries;
manage the Compliance Date System; develop workshops, manuals, and pilot studies;
and manage a program to provide technical analysis and case support for Regional
compliance activities.
1985 Rescission
The reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$29,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,768,400 supported by 309.5
total workyears for this program, of which $11,730,400 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,038,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The major focus of the stationary source compliance program in 1985 is to
ensure that noncomplying significant sources are brought into compliance. Efforts
to improve working relationships with State and local air pollution agencies and
to improve their technical capabilities is continuing through such program-building
activities as technical workshops and manuals, as well as direct case assistance
where requested. Federal enforcement action is focusing heavily on violating
sources in nonattainment areas, with particular emphasis on volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) sources. EPA is working closely with States in this effort. This
activity involves initial implementation of Agency guidance on timely and appro-
priate enforcement actions. Substantial efforts are continuing to improve the
A-91
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inventory of regulated VOC sources and information on source compliance status.
Efforts are also being directed at resolution of NSPS and NESHAPs violators, where
the standards have not been delegated or where State assistance is required.
Major initiatives in 1985 include implementation of the Agency's NESHAPs enforce-
ment strategy for asbestos demolition and renovation sources and enforcement of
continuous emissions monitoring requirements for Subpart D and Da NSPS standards.
During 1985, the Regional compliance program is also continuing to provide
assistance in selected Federal judicial referrals, consent decrees, and section
120 actions. Also, EPA is to issue administrative orders, as necessary, in
environmentally significant cases where States cannot or will not take appropriate
enforcement action. There are plans to conduct an estimated 1,685 inspections,
and issue approximately 88 administrative orders during 1985.
Headquarters efforts in 1985 include continuation of continuous compliance
pilot projects. Two new projects relating to inspection targeting are being
initiated. Work to promote utilization of CEM equipment, including support for
Regional and State efforts directed at enforcing CEM requirements for NSPS sources
is a major activity in 1985. Guidance relating to timely and appropriate enforce-
ment actions developed in 1984 is being implemented and, as necessary, revised
during 1985.
Major headquarters program accomplishments in 1985 include: review of proposed
Agency regulations under NSPS, NESHAPs, and new source/PSD programs; management of
the Compliance Data System; support of State compliance data programs development;
provision of technical analysis and case support for Regional Office compliance
activities, development of three new technical workshops to enhance the capabilities
of State and local programs; and development of three new compliance manuals for
State and local programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$152,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$5,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (+$7,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of -$7,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$150,400) This program was increased by +$150,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $15,178,500 supported by 284.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,088,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,089,800 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Extramural resources were used for enforcement case development activities, com-
pliance monitoring, Regional data management, development of technical workshops
and manuals to enhance State and local programs capabilities, and limited direct
case assistance to States.
A major headquarters accomplishment in 1984 was the completion of a compre-
hensive air compliance strategy for stationary sources of air pollution. This
strategy brings together in one document all of the major thrusts of the program.
A-92
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Other important strategy efforts included completion of the continuous compliance
and asbestos demolition strategies. The program also implemented guidelines for
conducting qualitative audits of State compliance programs. Guidance relating to
timely and appropriate enforcement actions was also developed in 1984.
Also during 1984, the program continued work toward final promulgation of
second-period nonferrous smelter order regulations establishing a regulatory frame-
work for compliance extensions through January 1, 1988. Program accomplishments
during 1984 also included work toward the development of three technical workshops
to enhance the capabilities of State and local programs, initiation of three con-
tinuous compliance pilot programs, and completion of four new compliance manuals.
During 1984, EPA issued 101 administrative orders, and conducted 2,474 inspections.
A-93
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,438,300 supported by 101.1 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $130,400 and no change in total workyears from 1985. Of
the request, $4,616,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,821,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $140,400 and an increase of $10,000, respectively.
Program Description
The mobile source enforcement program is directed primarily at ensuring com-
pliance with the motor vehicle emission standards and fuel regulations required by
the Clean Air Act. The activities carried out as part of this program are designed
to ensure that new vehicles are capable of meeting emission standards throughout
their useful lives, that vehicle emission control systems are not removed or ren-
dered inoperative, and that harmful additives are not present in gasoline. The
program also includes the issuance of California and statutory emissions waivers.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,438,300 supported by 101.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,616,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,821,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $140,400 and an increase of $10,000, respec-
tively, and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The in-
crease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects slightly higher support for
the recall program.
The recall program will involve investigation of 69 light-duty vehicle
exhaust emissions classes, together with related diagnostic evaluation and remedy
development work. The light-duty evaporative emissions recall program will involve
investigation of three vehicle classes. Noncompliance penalties for heavy-duty en-
gines will be implemented. California emissions waiver requests will be processed,
as will any application for retroactive waivers of the Federal carbon monoxide and
nitrogen oxides standards.
The regulatory revision of the imports program (scheduled for promulgation
in late 1985) will be implemented. The Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) program
will conduct 17 audits of manufacturer facilities to ensure that new production
vehicles meet emissions requirements. The fuels program will consist of 9,400
inspections, in addition to 13,500 observations of vehicle fueling activities.
The lead phasedown regulations will be enforced through the monitoring of refiners'
reports; 32 resultant notices of violation are anticipated. Rulemakings will
address categories of fuel additives (alcohols, consumer additives) for which a
formal regulatory structure has not been developed. Approximately 1,200 consumer
inquiries regarding emissions warranty issues will be answered. The anti-tampering
and anti-fuel switching enforcement program will include 325 investigations and
an estimated 42U notices of violation.
Surveys of the incidence of tampering and fuel switching will be carried out
at 20 sites. EPA will continue to assist with the development of State and local
initiatives aimed at preventing tampering and fuel switching. Implementation of
ten new State programs, for a cumulative total of 32, is anticipated.
A-95
-------
1985 Rescission
The reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$32,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,568,700 supported by 101.1
total workyears for this program, of which $4,757,200 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,811,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The recall program will continue surveillance and confirmatory testing,
follow-up and investigation of suspect engine classes, and, if warranted, issuance
of recall orders. New activities underway in the recall program include a pilot
evaporative emissions recall investigation program. Statutory and California
waivers will be issued as required. The SEA program will continue to ensure that
new production vehicles comply with emission requirements. Regulatory revisions
for the SEA program will be proposed. Inquiries and applications for the importation
of noncertified vehicles will continue, and regulations revising the imports
program will be promulgated.
Also underway is the development and implementation of a strategy aimed at
attaining increased State participation to reduce automobile emissions that result
from tampering and fuel switching. This will result in the establishment of eight
new anti-tampering and fuel switching programs by States and localities. Other
activities include: conducting fuels inspections for compliance with lead, nozzle,
and label regulations; administering tampering and fuel switching cases; evaluating
fuel and fuel additive waiver requests; and collecting data on fuel switching to
assess misfuel.ing rates. The highlight of the fuels program' is a rulemaking aimed
at expediting the lead phasedown schedule.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$92,800 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$141,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$131,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$10,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$49,100) This program was increased by +$49,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $5,894,500 supported by 98.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,364,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,530,300 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Recall investigations were conducted for 32 mid-mileage vehicle classes, and
16 SEAs were performed. Two emissions waivers were issued and nine were reviewed.
About 22,000 import inquiries were answered and 6,000 applications processed.
Revised import regulations were prepared. Twenty-seven notices of violation were
issued under the lead phasedown program, and 585 notices of violation under the
anti-tampering and fuel switching program. Eight States and localities implemented
anti-tampering and fuel switching programs.
A-96
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
i*
WATER QUALITY WQ-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-9
Municipal Wastewater WQ-22
Industrial Vlastewater WQ-31
Comprehensive Estuarine Management WQ-39
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management WQ-42
Water Quality Management WQ-44
Great Lakes Program WQ-46
Chesapeake Bay Program WQ-48
Effluent Standards & Guidelines WQ-51
Grants Assi stance Programs WQ-56
Clean Lakes Program WQ-57
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) WQ-58
Training Grants (Section 104) WQ-59
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-61
Dredge & Fill WQ-64
Ocean Disposal Permits WQ-65
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention WQ-67
Standards & Regul ati ons WQ-69
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-72
Comprehensive Estuarine Management WQ-74
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-76
Municipal Source Control WO-80
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction WQ-82
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance WQ-85
ENFORCEMENT
Water Qual i ty Enforcement WQ-88
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-92
Perni t Issuance WQ-93
WQ-1
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WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Agency derives its water quality objectives from two statutes: the Clean
Water Act and the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act. Both laws
direct the Agency to take measures to protect the Nation's waters in order to
safeguard public health, recreational use, and aquatic life.
The Clean Water Act provides a comprehensive structure for water pollution
control. The Act relies on a well-defined partnership between EPA and the States,
and EPA continues to encourage the States to take on primary responsibility for
implementing the Act. The Act provides for monitoring water quality, water quality
management planning to design needed control measures, developing water quality
standards, and establishing technology-based and water quality-based effluent
limits for point-source dischargers. EPA and the States implement a permit and
enforcement program for municipal and industrial point source dischargers. EPA
and the Corps of Engineers regulate discharges of dredged and fill materials into
waters of the U.S. In addition, the Act provides for grants to communities for
construction of wastewater treatment facilities.
Although we have made great strides in controlling conventional pollutants,
the problem of toxic contamination from industrial, municipal, and nonpoint sources
remains a challenge. Implementation of strategies for identifying and controlling
toxic pollutants in surface waters under the Clean Water Act is one of EPA's high-
est priorities for the remainder of the decade.
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act authorizes the Agency to
develop criteria for the ocean disposal of materials based on a number of statutory
factors including environmental considerations and the need for disposal into the
oceans. The Agency is also authorized to designate sites for those materials and
issue permits for all nondredged materials. Although the Corps of Engineers is
responsible for issuing .permits for dredged, material, EPA must review those
applications for consistency with Agency-issued environmental criteria. Another
aspect of ocean disposal is the incinerat>on-at-sea program, under which the Agency
is charged with issuing permits and designating sites.
Relevant to all these areas are the activities of the research and development
program, which provides timely analysis, information, and analytical techniques to
support the regulatory program.
The 1986 Water Quality request focuses on several major objectives to meet
•the requirements of the Act in the 1980s:
Implement the Pretreatment Program
The pretreatment program is directed at controlling toxic discharges into com-
munity wastewater treatment plants. Its major thrust in 1985 and 1986 is to get
programs developed by publicly owned treatment works (POTW) approved and to imple-
ment recommendations of the Pretreatment Implementation Task Force. During 1986,
priority will be given to POTW program approval and technical assistance to S,tates
and POTWs in developing approvable programs and implementing the program once
approved. Pretreatment enforcement support in 1986 will continue to emphasize
actions against POTWs that did not submit required pretreatment programs or that
are not adequately implementing approved programs. EPA will take enforcement
actions against noncomplying industrial users where EPA is the control authority.
WQ-3
-------
Issue NPDES Permits
The major focus for the permits under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) in 1986 will continue to be issuance of major permits, particularly
those controlling toxics and requiring implementation of approved pretreatment pro-
grams and State-issued permits. Priority attention will be given to Best Available
Technology (BAT) permits based on effluent guidelines promulgated in 1985 and to
water quality-based permits. Technical assistance through both workshops and hands-
on assistance will be provided to States for the application of tecnnol ogy-based
guidelines for the water quality-based Best Professional Judgment permits.
EPA will work with States in adopting toxic criteria in water quality
standards which can be translated into permit limits. The application of these
standards into permits will be further advanced through the delivery of basic
wasteload allocation training seminars and hands-on assistance. Biomonitoring
approaches will be developed, tested, and applied through municipal and industrial
permit modifications.
Improve Compliance with NPDES Permits
During 1986, compliance with NPDES permit limitations will continue to be a
priority activity, particularly for municipalities. The National Municipal Policy,
first issued in 1984, will focus on establishing enforceable compliance schedules
for municipalities that are not in compliance with permit conditions. The goal is
to assure that Federally funded treatment facilities are constructed as necessary
and properly operated and maintained, and that unfunded municipal dischargers take
necessary steps to meet permit limits.
We will also continue to maintain a strong enforcement presence with indus-
trial noncompliers to assure a continued high rate of industrial compliance.
Assess and Address Emerging Problems
Recent data indicates that some stream segments will have toxic problems even
after the application of BAT limits. EPA will address this problem by working with
States to identify specific waterbodies where .toxic pollutants are known or sus-
pected to be impairing uses of the water. The Agency will expand the development
of criteria for toxic pollutants in freshwater, marine, and estuarine environments
and in sediments. The monitoring program will provide States with methods for and
assistance in toxics monitoring, wasteload allocation, and biomonitoring necessary
to take control actions. In 1986, EPA will conduct a National assessment to
identify and characterize problems from bioaccumulative pollutants, by reanalyzing
the dioxin study samples and using other data.
Initial studies have indicated that several industries not covered under the
Natural Resources Defense Council Consent Decree are more significant in terms of
toxic loadings than several industries requiring effluent guidelines as a result
of the Decree. As a consequence, EPA will begin investigating a small nunber of
these industries that are potentially significant sources of toxic pollutants.
EPA will propose technical regulations for sewage sludge disposal and regu-
lations governing sludge management practices. In 1986, EPA and States will
emphasize inspections at larger POTWs required to have pretreatment programs.
Continue Protection of Wetlands
The major effort in 1986 in the dredge and fill program program will be to
develop and apply technical guidance and regulations to ensure effective protec-
tion of the wetlands and other aquatic systems of the United States and to encour-
age States to assume Section 404 permitting authority from the Federal government.
WQ-4
-------
Headquarters will develop guidance and revise regulations and procedures to
identify and address the most significant environmental problems in wetlands and
other aquatic systems. The Regions will review and comment on public notices of
permit applications; elevate permits, when necessary, to higher levels of manage-
ment; and establish jurisdicational boundaries; assist in'the identification of
critical wetlands; and strengthen 404 compliance and enforcement efforts.
In addition, Headquarters will work with the Regions to develop innovative
techniques (e.g., a joint permitting program with the States and Federal govern-
ment) to encourage State assumption of the program. Regions will manage State
program development grants, review submissions, and coordinate with other agencies.
Focus on Basins of Major Importance
We will continue in 1986 to focus on basins of major importance to the public
and the Congress, by continuing the Federal commitment to the Chesapeake Bay clean-
up, the Great Lakes program, and the Comprehensive Estuarine Management program
begun in 1985. The Agency will continue to support actions to address the concerns
identified in the Chesapeake Bay Study, through cost-sharing grants to the States,
primarily for implementation of nonpoint source control practices on critical
sub-basins.
In 1986, the Agency will continue work begun in 1985 to support State and
local sampling, monitoring, and assessment for Long Island Sound, Narragansett
Bay, Buzzards Bay, and Puget Sound. The objective of these studies is to develop,
in conjunction with Federal, State, and local authorities, a comprehensive environ-
mental master plan to address environmental problems for each estuary.
EPA's Great Lakes National Program Office will continue to meet the U.S.
obligations under the international agreement with Canada to support water pollu-
tion control in the Great Lakes, to include continued support from the Grosse lie
lab and other research laboratories. The focus will be on the use of fish, water,
and air sampling to determine water quality improvement and to identify emerging
problems.
Manage Construction Grants
EPA will continue to provide responsible fiscal stewardship of Federal con-
struction grant funds and to ensure that this essentially fully delegated program
continues to achieve environmental and statutory objectives. EPA will provide
National oversight to focus funds on priority projects with the greatest water
quality and public health impact; minimize expenditures for facility construction,
operation, and maintenance; select appropriate technologies; ensure plants meet
design and performance requirements; initiate, construct, and close out projects
on time; and develop regulations and guidance to implement needed legislative
changes affecting the Federal role in financing municipal wastewater treatment
works. Within these activities, increased attention will be placed on strengthen-
ing technical program assistance and improving Federal and State oversight and
management as identified by internal program reviews.
Improve Assistance to States
. EPA will increase the level for Section 106 grants in 1986. States will use
grants to increase emphasis on enforcement and permitting; support the Agency's
National Municipal Policy; expand pretreatment programs, one of the Agency's prime
means for controlling toxic wastes; develop and selectively implement ground-water
management programs; and target funds to address nonpoint source pollution in se-
lected critical water body segments. Together with funds available under Sections
205(g) and 205(j), States will be able to carry out their priority water programs.
WQ-5
-------
Address Nonpolnt Source Problems
In recognition of the significance of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution nation-
wide, EPA will issue an implementation strategy to ensure a coordinatPd effort on
the part of various Federal agencies and National guidance consistent with the
nonpoint source policy adopted in 1985; work closely with other Federal agencies
to carry out NPS strategies within their existing resources; and focus implementa-
tion efforts on priority waters where NPS controls are essential for the attainment
of water quality goals and beneficial uses.
Implement a Marine Protection Program
In 1986 guidance on balancing the environmental effects of ocean- versus lan'd-
based disposal options will be developed so appropriate disposal decisions can be
made. Thp Agency will continue to review, process, and issue permits for ocean
disposal. EPA will begin additional site work on dredged material disposal sites
not covered under the National Wildlife Federation Consent Decree. The Agency
will conduct comprehensive monitoring of thp two deep water dumping sites to
ensure there is no unreasonable degradation of the marine environment.
An integrated program approach to incineration-at-sea will be established,
including comprehensive incineration site monitoring to assure adequate baseline
information for designation and adequate site management.
Maintain Environmental Emergency Response Capability
The environmental emergency response program will continue to maintain 'an
around-the-clock capability to respond to major releases of oil and other petroleum
products. Removal actions will be directed by Regional personnel at serious inci-
dents where the responsible party is unidentifiable, refuses to clean, or is incap-
able doing so or where local authorities lack appropriate expertise or resources.
The cleanup monitoring program will continue to provide incentive for adequate
removal by responsible parties and a mechanism for drawing State and local agencies
into directing removals. The Agency will focus in 1986 on encouraging State and
local governments to assume a greater share of responsibility for implementing the
program.
Provide Timely and Effective Research
The research program will continue to make a significant contribution in a
wide variety of areas. Areas of special emphasis in 1986 will include develop-
ment of methods for detecting toxics in receiving waters, identifying their
sources, and methods for evaluating their effect when issuing NPDFS permits.
Other areas where major contributions are expected include technical support for
the development of sludge regulations, improved methods of sludge disposal, vali-
dation of techniques for impact assessment of ocean disposal of wastes, and de-
velopment of monitoring technologies to evaluate the long-term effects of such
di sposal .
WQ-6
-------
WATER QUALITY
Actual
1984
Budget
Estimate
1985
Current
Estimate
1985
Estimate
1986
Increase ( + )
Decrease (-)
1986 vs. 1985
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Ocean Dumping Permits 55
Construction Grants
Awards 726
Active Construction
Grants Projects 6027
Step 3 and Step 2+3
Project Completions 901
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Major 298
Minor 330
Non-Municipal
Major 471
Minor 957
General 16
Adjudicatory Hearings
Settled 36
Enforcement Actions:
Inspections 2,400
Notices of Violation.. 94
Administrative
Orders 1,644
Civil Litigation 90
Criminal Litigation... 4
Clean Lakes Projects
Awarded 27
Cumulative Outputs
Signed 205(g) agreements.. 50
Effluent Guidelines 24
Propose Regulations for
Sludge Reuse/Disposal
Options —
NPDES State Program
Approvals 38
Local Pretreatment
Program Approvals 390
25
650
4711
1060
300
450
60
114
2,100
110
703
144
25
51
29
25
650
4952
773
256
320
172
760
14
114
2,100
110
579
124
2
11
51
28
25
683
3972
942
216
250
187
500
15
104
2,100
110
491
159
7
40
39
660
51
29
5
41
730
+33
-980
+ 169
-40
-70
+ 15
-260
+ 1
-10
0
0
+35
+ 5
-11
+1
+ 5
+2
+ 70
WQ-7
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY*
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-9
Municipal Wastewater WQ-22
Industrial Wastewater WQ-31
Comprehensive Estuarine Management WQ-39
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide Quality Assurance to Support Water Quality Programs
0 Annual status report of the quality control sample program (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop Data to Support Water Quality Standards and Permits
0 Users quide to the conduct and interpretation of complex effluent toxicity tests
at estuarine sites (Env. Processes)
° Report on pilot study with state(s) to demonstrate use of the ecoregi on system
in water quality management (Env. Processes)
0 Rapid bioassay indicator of subchronic stress (Monitoring)
° Status report for Repository of Toxic Materials (Monitoring)
0 Status report for Repository of Hazardous Materials (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Develop Scientific Data to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal Program
0 Final report on hazard assessment methods for evaluating ocean dumping impacts
(Env. Processes)
0 Final report on impact assessment of ocean outfall discharges (Env. Processes)
Objective 4: Implement Great Lakes Study
0 Report on methodology/protocol for field exposure/effects assessment of Great
Lakes areas of concern (Env. Processes)
° Documentation of Great Lakes models (Env. Processes)
Objecti ve 5: Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to Sup-
port Hater Quality Programs
0 Journal publication on extraction methods for inorganic pollutants from biologi-
cal ti ssue (Monitori ng)
1985 PLANNED OUPUTS
Objective 1: Provide Quality Assurance to Support Water Quality Programs
° Report on the precision of acute toxicity tests on marine fish (Monitoring)
° Manual for identification of marine invertebrates (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop Data to Support Water Quality Standards and Permits
0 Health section of technical support document for water quality-based toxics
control (Health)
0 Reports for health issues relative to Clean Water Act Section 301(g) variance
applications (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on potential applications of the ecoregi on approach to state water qual-
ity management (Env. Processes)
0 Report on the results of field validation studies to evaluate site-specific
criteria guidelines (Env. Processes)
WQ-12
-------
Objective 3: Develop Scientific Data to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean
Pi sposal Program
0 Report on field verification of Section 301(h) predictions of ecological impacts
near outfalls (Env. Processes)
Objective 4: fmplement Great Lakes Study
0 Report on presence of dioxin and related compounds in Great Lakes harbors and
near-shore areas (Env. Processes)
0 Documentation manual on the three-dimensional physical transport model, hydrody-
namic model and phytoplankton simulation model (Env. Processes)
Objective 5: Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to Support
Water Quality Programs
0 Manual on measurement of chronic toxicity of effluents to freshwater organisms
(Monitori ng)
0 Report on techniques for assessing complex effluents in receiving waters (Moni-
tori ng)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide Quality Assurance to Support Water Quality Programs
0 Individual laboratory performance evalaution reports distributed to participants
in study WP011 (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop Data to Support Hater Quality Standards and Permits
0 Report on the requirement of the mini data set for calculation of final acute
value based on tested species sensitivity (Env. Processes)
0 Report on field testing results of the complex effluent toxicity protocol (Env:
Processes)
° Laboratory performance audit reports to approximately 8000 participants (Moni-
tori ng)
° Report on the calibration material repository status (Monitoring)
° Document on freshwater recreational water quality criteria (Health)
Objective 3: Develop Scientific Data to Support an Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal Program
0 Final report on hazard assessment of drilling muds (Env. Processes)
0 Report on the field assessment of monitoring techniques for dredge material
(Env. Processes)
Objective 4: Implement Great Lakes Study
0 Feasibility report of "Complex-Effluent Toxicity" approach under site-specific
conditions in Great Lakes (Env. Processes)
° Input to IJC Science Advisory Board, Great Lakes National Program Office and Wa-
ter Quality Committee Annual Reports (Env. Processes)
Objective 5: Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to Support
Water Quality Programs
0 Effluent toxicity test manual (Monitoring)
0 Field methods for modeling toxicity persistence in receiving streams (Monitor-
ing)
WQ-13
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,740,600 supported by 239.2 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $782,900 and an increase of 11.6 total workyears from
1985. Uf the request, $12,061,600 wi 11 be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,679,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an
increase of $153,100 and $629,800, respectively.
Program Description
This program involves the following objectives:
Objective 1. Provide Quality Assurance to Support Water Quality Programs.
This activity develops and standardizes quality assurance methods, provides con-
tinuing basic quality control materials and guidance, and determines the adequacy
of analytical procedures.
Objective 2. Develop Data to Support Water Quality Standards and Permits.
This research provides the information and tools needed by Federal and State permit
programs to'correct ambient water quality problems that remain after the mandated
maximum pollution control technology.
Objective 3. Develop Scientific Data to Support an Environmentally Sound
Ocean Disposal Program.This activity develops and validates protocols needed by
EPA for predicting and evaluating impacts from ocean disposal practices. The
major focus is on hazard assessments, biomonitori ng techniques, and identifying
acceptable disposal practices.
Objective 4. Implement Great Lakes Study. The research program evaluates,
measures, and develops predictive tools needed for understanding the distribution
of pollutants and resulting effects on water quality, aquatic life, and human
exposure through aquatic food chains of Great Lakes ecosystems.
Objecti ve 5. Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to
Support Water Quality Programs. This research develops and standardizes water mon-
itoring methods needed for identifying toxic pollution problems, evaluating stream
flow and effluent variabilities, and evaluating compliance with ambient water qual-
ity standards and permit requirements.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $292,100 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $202,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $90,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents a decrease of $14,000 and no change, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide re-
ductions to pay and administrative services.
Develop Data to Support Water Quality Standards and Permits. Evaluation and
expertise will be provided for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards (OWRS)
State, Regional and local offices for modification of human health criteria on a
site-specific basis by providing guidance on the evaluation of local human health
hazards from exposures to complex pollutants in accordance with Clean Water Act
WQ-14
-------
Sections 304(a)(l) and 307(a)(l).
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $306,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $216,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $90,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $143,700 total dollars over FY 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
the guidance for evaluation of effects of complex chemical mixtures and evalu-
ation for Section 301(g) permit modification requests is being initiated and ex-
panded.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$1,900) This program was increased by +$1,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $162,400 supported by 4.3 total
workyears for thfs program, of which $150,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, applications for Section 301(g) waivers by the Weirton and Bethlehem
Steel Corporations were evaluated. In addition, a technical guidance manual for
the regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 301(g) of the Clean Water Act
of 1977 was reviewed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,178,900 supported by 35.7 workyears for
this program, of which $1,753,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $425,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $18,200 and no change, respectively, and an increase
of 0.8 total workyears. The modest increases in Salaries and Expenses and
workyears will enhance the program's capacity to standardize more biological
assays.
Provide Quality Assurance to Support Water Quality Programs. The analytical
monitoring laboratories will continue to provide authoritative calibration mater-
ials to the program offices, Regions, States, industry and municipalities. These
laboratories are the authoriative reference point for water monitoring methods.
Other guidance on monitoring will be provided as necessary and periodic formal
reviews will be made of Regional, State, and industry and municipal laboratories'
performance.
Develop and Standardize Monitoring and Measurement Methods to Support Wa-
ter Qua1ity_ Programs. Work will be carried out on standardizing biological meth-
WQ-15
-------
6ds for assessment of ambient water quality (e.g., microbial effluents toxicity
tests, mutagenicity tests (Ames test), tests using mammalian cell culture). The
program also intends to evaluate chemical monitoring for screening by chemical
class. The program will conduct field trials of protocols designed to monitor
various site-specific aspects of water quality.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $7,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,160,700 supported by 34.9
total workyears for this program, of which $1,735,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $425,000 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects a decrease of $627,000 total dollars from 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
the 1985 program accelerates a shift in emphasis in monitoring of ambient water
from a chemical-by-chemical approach to a biological one. This change is in anti-
cipation of and supportive of site-specific water quality based restructuring of
effluent discharge permitting.
1985 Explanation of Changesfrom the Enacted
The net decrease of -$9,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-'
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$5,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$21,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$21,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$17,000) This program was increased by +$17,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,787,700 supported by 44.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,107,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $680,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, this program published several significant toxicity and virology
measurement methods documents. We have successfully cultured the marine fish
Mem'dia berylina over a full life cycle, which is a significant step in transfer-
ing freshwater bi omonitoring/bioassay technology to the marine/estuarine environ-
ment.
WQ-16
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HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $989,000 supported by 6.1 workyears for this
program, of which $469,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$520,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
an increase of $43,000 and no change, respectively, and an increase of 3.0 work-
years. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will be used to accelerate the
development a valid health effects indicator for shellfish growing waters.
Develop Data to Support Hater Quality Standards and Permits. The additional
resources willbeusedtoaccelerate the developmentofavalid health effects
indicator for shellfish growing waters. The application of health effect bioassays
to develop water quality-based pollution controls will be evaluated. The Tier 1
carci nogenesi s bioassay wi 1 1 be confirmed and will be used to evaluate the toxicity
of several waste streams.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $946,000 supported by 3.1 total
workyears for this program, of'which $426,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $520,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $561,500 total dollars over FY 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and 1984 program includes the field-
testing of short-term toxicological tests to evaluate the potential carcinogeni-
ci ty of wastewater effluents. Research also begins to develop health effects
indicators to support revising the shellfish growing water quality criteria.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the_Enact_ed
The net decrease of -$20,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$22,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$22,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$1,500) This program was increased by +$1,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $384,500 supported by 4.2 total work-
years for this program, of which $353,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $30,700 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The freshwater recreational water quality criteria document was completed in
1984. This document summarizes the dose-response relationship between the bacteri-
al indicators, enterococci and _E. Coin , and gastroenteritis in swimmers. This do-
cument, along with the companion marine recreational water quality criteria docu-
ment, was used to revise the recreational water quality criteria.
WQ-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $431,500 supported by 4.1 total workyears for
this program, of which $231,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $200,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents increases of $21,500 and $200,000, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. The increases will be used to develop predictive methods for treatabil-
ity and distribution of toxics with sea water from industrial ocean discharges.
Oevelop Scientific Data to Support an Enviornmentany Sound Ocean Disposal
Program. The additional resources will be used to develop predictive methods for
treatability and distribution of toxics with sea water from industrial' ocean dis-
charge. Information will be obtained on the appropriate level of waste treatment
for specific marine environments. Waste characterization of sewage sludge will
continue to focus on determining whether contaminants continue to circulate in sea
water or are attached to particulates which settle into the sediment. A report
will be prepared on the degree to which metals and organics adhere to particles in
wastewater during treatment for ocean discharge.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $210,000 supported by 4.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. This reflects a decrease of $64,000 total dollars from 1984. There is lit-
tle change between the 1985 program and the 1984 program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$700) This reprogramming reflects a" shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$2,000) This program was increased by +$2,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $274,000 supported by 6.2 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. In support of the Section 301(h) marine discharge waiver program, a major
report was produced on removal efficiencies for contaminants (metals and organics)
for less than secondary treatment alternatives.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,677,600 supported by 181.3 total work-
years for this program, of which $8,733,600 will be for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $2,944,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $418,400 and $1,419,600, respectively,
and an increase of 7.8 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will
UQ-18
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be used to expand the in-house capability of research laboratories to assist the
program office and States in development and implementation of NPDES permits
based on water quality, and in addressing ocean disposal options. The increase
in Research and Development will be used to initiate several specific applica-
tions of expert systems technology.
Develop Data to Support Vlater Quality Standards and Permits. Expanded
research will develop methods to determine what uses are attai nBble in aquatic
systems. This includes work on aquatic ecoregions, methods to test sediments
for contamination, and wasteload allocation models. Research will continue on
integrating pollutant-specific control techniques with whole-toxicity testing pro-
cedures and BAT limits for use in water quality permitting. The National Water
Quality Criteria Guidelines will be evaluated, and work will continue on develop-
ment of a protocol for testing complex effluents. Field tests will be conducted
to combine site-specific criteria modification techniques with the whole effluent
toxicity approach. The cooperative ecological research effort with the People's
Republic of China will continue to address the impact of contaminants on freshwater
organi sms.
Additional resources in 1986 will be used to explore several specific appli-
cations of expert systems technology: improving the usability of environmental
models for NPDES permitting and general environmental and human exposure assess-
ments; development of methods for estimating chemical properties from knowledge
of chemical structure, for use in environmental models for NPDES permitting and
other regulatory activities; and estimates of toxicity or other effects information
for hazard assessment. These activities are all very dependent on expert know-
ledge, and placing this expertise at the disposal of environmental professionals
via computerized'expert systems will considerably enhance productivity.
Develop Scientific Data to Support anEnvironmentally Sound Ocean Disposal
Program.Ocean disposalresearch wi11increase in 1986 to determine the" relative
safety of ocean disposal and to provide a comparison for various disposal strate-
gies for establishing future ocean policies. Research will focus on the develop-
ment of transport and fate models and hazard assessment procedures to define the
probability of harm to the marine environment resulting from the ocean disposal of
wastes. Research will continue on residues of contaminants in fish tissues,
drilling muds and ocean outfall impacts.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $28,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $10,500 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation reflect reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,839,600 supported by 173.5 to-
tal workyears for this program, of which $8,315,200 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $1,524,400 is for the Research and Development appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $1,116,200 over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
in 1985 research is being shifted from controlling single contaminants to con-
trolling complex unknown mixtures. Also, research is being initiated to study
water quality problems in estuaries, and a cooperative study with the People's
Republic of China is begining on ecological effects of pollutants on aquatic
organi sms.
WQ-19
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^985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$178,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$94,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$99,200 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$5,000 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
-Pay Raise. (+$84,300) This program was increased by +$84,300 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $8,723,400 supported by 143.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,380,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,343,200 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, major accomplishments included the completion of a report on field
testing results of the complex effluent toxicity protocol; a report on the require-
ment of the mini data set for calculation of final acute value based on tested
species sensitivity; a report on the field assessment of monitoring techniques
for dredge material; and also a final report on hazard assessment of drilling
muds.
GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
1986 Program Requests
The Agency requests a total $1,171,500 supported by 8.0 total workyears for
this program of which $671,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $500,000 will be for the Research'and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents decreases of $334,000 and $989,800, respectively, with no change in ^otal
workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide re-
ductions to pay and administrative services, as well as the completion of sev-
eral water quality studies. The decrease in Research and Development reflects
the completion of the Fox River Study and the development of the data base for
open lake model ing.
Implement Great Lakes Study. Research will continue to develop and test
methods to measure, describe, and predict the sources, distribution, movement,
dynamics, and effects, of organic toxic substances in areas identified by the
US/Canada Water Quality Board. This program will also provide the International
Joint Commission, Great Lakes National Program Office, Regions II, III, and V and
Great Lakes States with technical support and research data related to activities
under the US/Canada Water Quality Agreement.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$12,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
WQ-20
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,495,300 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which • $1,005,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation- and $1,489,800 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects a decrease of $136,200 total dollars from 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that in
1985 the emphasis has shifted from studying the near-shore areas to the study of
connecting channels, in support of the US/Canada bilateral'agreement.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted <
The net decrease of -$8,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Re programming. (-$1,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$10,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$10,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$3,900) This program was increased by +$3,900 reflecting
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
the
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,631,500 supported by 15.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,131,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,500,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, major accomplishments included the completion of a report on evalu-
ation of site-specific criteria guidelines for a Great Lakes site; a feasibility
report on the "Complex-Effluent Toxicity" approach under site-specific conditions
in the Great Lakes; a report on chronology of original contaminant accumulation
in sediment cores taken from a Great Lakes Class A area of concern; and inputs to
the IOC Science Advisory Board, the Great Lakes National Program Office, and the
Water Quality Committee Annual Reports.
WQ-21
-------
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WATER
Municipal Hastewater
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Evaluate Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies
0 Reports of results of I/A post-construction evaluations (Env. Technology)
0 Regional I/A technology transfer seminars (Env. Technology)
Objective 2: Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives
0 Design and performance information for disposal of municipal sludges to land-
filIs (Env. Technology)
° Reports on chemical health risk assessments (Sci. Assessment)
0 Research report evaluating the health implications of mutagenic sludge (Health)
° Report on Ascaris egg survival (Health)
Objective 3: Provide for Compliance Achievement and Upgrading
0 Reports on improved design information for correcting major treatment plant de-
sign deficiencies (Env. Technology)
0 Pretreatment/guidance manual for Office of Water on managing toxics interference
at municipal treatment plants (Env. Technology)
Objective 4: Evaluate Wastewater Toxics Treatability of Various Processes
0 Report on application of bioassay methods to manage toxicity reduction at muni-
cipal treatment plants '(Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Provide Water Quality Planning and Regulation Support
0 Report on methods to control treatment plant effluent variability (Env. Techno-
logy)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Evaluate Innovative and Alternative (I'/A) Technologies
0 Reports of results of I/A post-construction evaluations (Env. Technology)
0 Reports on new and improved alternative on-site system designs, costs, and per-
formances (Env. Technology)
0 Health assessment of airborne exposure to wastewater pathogens (Health)
Objective 2: Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives
° Technical support to Office of Water to revise sludge management alternative,
disposal regulations, including costs, incinerator emissions, and pathogen
control (Env. Technology)
° Health appraisal report on sludge application (Health)
Objective 3: Provide for Compliance Achievement and Upgrading
° Ten regional technology transfer seminars on improving POTW performance using
the composite correction approach (Env. Technology)
WQ-24
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•° Municipal wastewater disinfection and nitrogen control process design manuals
(Env. Technology)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Evaluate Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies
° Eleven regional and three state seminars to transfer information on-I/A technol-
ogies (Env. Technology)
0 Reports of results of four emerging innovative technology assessments (Env.
Technology)
0 Report on the distribution of bacterial infections in the Lubbock infection
surveillance study of wastewater spray irrigation (Health)
0 Report on the bacteriological, virological and chemical evaluation of a waste-
water aquaculture system (Health)
Objective 2: Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives
0 Five regional seminars on municipal sludge composting and incineration (Env.
Technology)
° Health risk assessments for cadmium, lead, zinc, and nickel (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on evaluation of health risks associated with wastewater treatment and
sludge composting (Health)
° Report on the effectiveness of conventional treatment processes for removal of
mutagenic activity from municipal wastewater (Health) '
Objective 3: Provide for Compliance Achievement and Upgrading
0 Handbook on improving POTW performance using the composite correction approach
(Env. Technology)
WQ-25
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Wastewater
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,746,000 supported by 58.3 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $86,400, and an increase of 0.7 workyears from 1985. Of
the request, $2,991,600 will be for the.Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$5,754,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$132,100 and a'decrease of $45,700, respectively.
Program Description
The purpose of this program is to provide the technical information and engi-
neering assistance needed by EPA and municipalities for the development and imple-
mentation of regulations and guidance for disposal of sludge and control of pol-
lution from municipal treatment plants and to bring treatment plants into compli-
ance with State discharge permits. This program is conducted in full cooperation
with the private sector and supports the Agency's development and implementation
of regulations and guidance for achieving water quality improvement.
The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Evaluate Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. This
activity provides technical support, information di ssemi nation, post-construction
evaluations of full-scale operational I/A projects, and engineering assessments of
emerging technologies required to accelerate and encourage use of Innovative and
Alternative technology in the Construction Grants program by the States and munici-
pal ities.
Objective 2. Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives. This research provides
the scientific assessment, engineering, health effects and monitoring information
needed for the effective treatment, conversion, use and disposal of sludges. This
research is needed for the development of regulations and guidance in order to
comply with the mandates of both the Clean Water Act and the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act.
Objective 3. Provide for Compliance Achievement and Upgrading. This acti-
vity provides the municipal sector with the information to both correct treatment
plant deficiencies and to upgrade existing plant capacities to achieve compliance
with NPDES permits at minimal costs.
Objective 4. Evaluate Wastewater Toxics Treatability of Various Processes.
This research provides the information needed for developi ng regulations arid
guidance to control toxic pollutants and minimize water quality impacts through
effective use of municipal treatment processes, and management options which seek
to minimize pretreatment where possible.
Objective 5. Provide Water Quality Planning and Regulation Support. This
research provides protocols toStates to perform asystemsanalysis approach for
evaluating various options for achieving rational water quality goals at minimal
costs.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $91,900 supported by 2.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
WQ-26
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This represents a decrease of $6,200, reflecting Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services.
Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives. Research will provide scientific
assessments for use in regulating selected contaminants of sludge under Section
405 of the Clean Water Act. These assessments and guidance will provide the criti-
cal scientific basis for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards used in
regulatory efforts associated with sludge management.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $98,100 supported by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $46,500 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
ORD is preparing revised preliminary data profiles for approximately 30 chemical
contaminants of municipal sludge for use by the Office of Water Regulation and
Standards as the scientific basis for their regulatory assessment in support of
proposed sludge management regulations.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$1,000) This program was increased by +$1,000 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $51,600 supported by 1.6 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.
Four preliminary data profiles/hazar'd indices for contaminants of municipal
sludge relative to disposal options were drafted for Cadmium, Lead, Nickel and
Zinc.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,966,200 supported by 21.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,025,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $940,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $112,500 and no change, respectively, and an in-
crease of 0.7 total workyear. The increases in Salaries and Expenses and workyears
will be used to accelerate the work to determine the health significance of complex
chemical mixtures in sludges.
Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives. This research will assist in deter-
mine tTorT~oFth~eneedforaregulatoryoption related to any identified health
hazard from mutagens and infectious diseases in sludge. Chemical stability and
WQ-27
-------
mobility will be detertni ned, - parti cul arly for mutagenic organic chemicals in
sludge applied to soil for use or disposal. The chemicals responsible for detect-
ible mutagenic activity will be identified. In addition, the health aspects of
sludge pathogens and potential risk of human infectious disease will be studied.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual , and consulting services. The reduction
of $500.00 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,853,700 supported by 21.0
total workyears for this program, of which $913,100 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $940,600 is for the Research and Development appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $200 total dollars from 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
research on health aspects of land treatment of municipal wastewater is drawing
to a close and resources are being reduced for this research to those minimally
sufficient to allow for the statistical evaluation of results and final reporting.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$62,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$72,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$72,500 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$10,200) This program was increased by +$10,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accompli shments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,853,500 supported by 20.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $830,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,022,800 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
A major accomplishment for the Office of Health Research was the Municipal
Wastewater Sludge Health Effects Research Planning Workshop with peer non-gov-
ernment scientists, Agency scientists, and Agency regulatory and enforcement
staff members participating in an evaluation of health research needs. A fur-
ther accomplishment was the implementation of the Sludge Health Effects Research
Program based on the recommendations of the Sludge Workshop. In addition, re-
sults were published in journal articles of sludge research completed on viruses
in sludges applied to land.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,687,900 supported by 34.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,874,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
WQ-28
-------
priation and $4,813,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $25,800 and a decrease of $45,700, respectively,
with no change in total workyears. The net reduction of $19,900 will maintain
current program priorities.
Evaluate Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Three to five post-
construction evaluationsof full-scaleoperationalI/A projects will be conducted
in 1986. Concise reports on design, energy, operation and maintenance costs will
be developed and widely disseminated through the Agency's I/A Technology Clearing-
house. The information will be utilized by the Office of Water Program Operations
and the Congress to evaluate the success and impact of the I/A program.
Evaluate Sludge Management Alternatives. This program will continue to evalu-
ate pTTot a7fd large seal e combi nati ons oT activated sludge, multiple anaerobic
digestion and wet oxidation to determine the mass and volume-reducing capabilities
of the system. The potential for pathogen destruction and organics reduction will
also be evaluated. This information is needed to provide technical data to
support the new sludge regulations.
Provide for Compliance Achievement and Upgrading. In support of the Office
of Water's high priority need to implement the National Municipal Policy, a series
of short reports on new approaches and feedback to treatment plant design will be
produced based on problem assessments in the field, including documentation of
improved performance, reduced costs, and increased compliance. Also, relationships
among process reliability, effluent variability, and cost will be established.
Evaluate Wastewater Toxics Treatability of Various Processes. A data base
will be assembled for determining specific toxics and toxicity removal efficiencies
of various treatment processes. Over a 3-year period, approaches to enhance
toxicity removal in treatment processes will be made available. This work is in
direct support of the Office of Water in developing technical guidance to implement
the Agency's policy for the development of water quality-based permit limitations
for toxic pollutants.
P r o y i d e W at e rQu a 1i t y P1 a n n i n g a n d Regulation S u p p o r t. A 3-year effort wi 11
focus on providing the analytical tools and the supporting engineering data base
to the States for integrating their planning process to achieve rational, less-
costly water quality goals. Implementing the systems analysis approach will re-
sult in more equitable wasteload allocations, ensure reasonable margins of safety
in stream loadings, eliminate over-design of treatment plants and produce lower
11fe-cycle costs.
1985 Resci ssi on
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $15,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $161,300 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 198b, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,707,800 supported by 34.6
total workyears for this program, of which $1,848,300 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,859,500 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $338,500 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference- between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that in
support of the Agency's promulgation of new sludge regulations, research is
WQ-29
-------
being accelerated in the characterization of sludges, with respect to heavy metals,
toxic organics, and pathogenic organisms, and in the development of sludge handling
techniques. Also, evaluations of process modification for upgrading aerobic
digestion to meet RCRA requirements on pathogen destruction are being initiated.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$67,100 results from the following actions:
-P.eprogr.ammings. (-583,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$14,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$98,000 to the Research and Development ap-
propriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$16,800) This program was increased by +$16,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $6,369,300 supported by 64.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,035,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,334,100 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The engineering research program conducted nineteen Regional and State semi-
nars on municipal sludge composting and incineration and I/A technology transfer.
ORD published and distributed a handbook on "Improving POTW Performance Using the
Composite Correction Approach".
WQ-30
-------
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WQ-32
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Ensure Data Accuracy/Reliability Through Quality Assurance
0 Status reports of the calibration repository, QC sample program, referee analy-
tical services, and performance evaluation of NPDES permittees (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop/Validate/Standardize Reliable Low-Cost Analytical Methods
0 Standardize test procedures to support expanded NPDES needs (Monitoring)
Objective 3. Develop and Evaluate Scientific/Technical Tools to Support Permitting
and Enforcement Activities
° Reports on toxicity reduction evaluations for organic, inorganic chemicals and
metal finishing industries (Env. Technology)
0 Methods manual for asbestos in wastewater (Env. Processes)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Ensure Data Accuracy/Reliability Through Quality Assurance
0 Annual QA report for discharge monitoring in support of NPDES (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop/Validate/Standardize Reliable Low-Cost Analytical Methods
0 Standardize test procedures for pesticides and other parameters proposed for
incorporation into NPDES program (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Develop and Evaluate Scientific/Technical Tools to Support Permitting
and Enforcement Activities
0 Report on evaluations of control of toxic discharges from ore mining operations
(Env. Technology)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Ensure Data Accuracy/Reliability Through Quality Assurance
0 Annual QA discharge monitoring report in support of NPDES (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Develop/Validate/Standardize Reliable Low-Cost Analytical Methods
0 Manuals on methods for organic analyses of municipal and industrial wastewater
(Monitor! ng)
Objective 3: Develop and Evaluate Scientific/Technical Tools to Support Permitting
and Enforcement Activities
0 Toxicity reduction manuals for pulp and paper industry, organic chemicals in-
dustry, and petroleum refinery industry (Env. Technology)
WQ-33
-------
WATER QUALITY
Industrial Wastewater
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,712,200 supported by 28.0 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $9,800 and in increase of 0.3 total workyear from 1985.*
Of the request, $1,557,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,154,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease
of $8,300 and an increase of $18,100, respectively.
Program Description
The Clean Water Act requires that industrial wastewater discharges be regu-
lated by technology-based water quality-based and toxicity-based regulations.
This program provides the research support in industrial wastewater characteriz-
ation control technology, quality assurance and monitoring systems. The program
places special emphasis on the development of protocols for reduction of toxicity
of industrial discharges for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permitting authorities.
The following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Ensure Data Accuracy/Reliability Through Quality Assurance.
This activity develops the quality assurance tools and support programs to document
dompli ance wi th technology based regulations, and for toxicity reductions required
by water quality based regulations.
Objective 2. Develop/Validate/Standardize Reliable Low-Cost Analytical Meth-
ods. Research will focus on identifying chemical interferents in discharges from
those industrial categories where the monitoring methods are deficient. This will
result in a supplement to the "Manual for Organic Analysis of Water and Wastes"
which will include the corrected procedure.
Objective 3. Develop and Evaluate Scientific/Technical Tools to Support Per-
mitting and Enforcement Activities.This research addresses the need for a method
to conduct site specific toxicity reduction evaluations (TREs) to be used by per-
mitting authorities to issue discharge permits to industry.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $1,440,200 supported by 18.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,003,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $436,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $11,400 and no change, respectively, and an increase
of 0.3 total workyear. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
Ensure Data Accuracy/Reliability Through Quality Assurance. The Discharge
Monitoring Report-Quality Assurance (DMRQA) Support Program will be-continued. It
is a special analytical evaluation study on twenty-six regulated parameters aimed
at evaluating the quality on self-monitoring DMRQA data submitted to the States and
to EPA by the 7,500 major dischargers within the NPDES. Briefing reports are used
by Regional and State NPDES inspectors to communicate constructively with deficient
laboratories and, when necessary, to take regulatory actions to assure that NPDES
laboratories are generating high quality data.
WQ-34
-------
Develop/Validate/Standardize Reliable Low-Cost Analytical Methods. Research
will focus on identifying chemical interferents in discharges from those industrial
categories where the 40 CFR Part 136 methods of gas chromatography (GC), gas chrom-
atography/mass spectrography (GC/MS), or high pressure liquid chromatography
(HPLC), prove to be deficient. This wi 11 result in a supplement to the "Manual for
Organic Analysis of Water and Wastes" which will include the correct procedure.
1985 Resci ssion
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. -The reduction of
$11,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total $1,451,600 supported by 18.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,014,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $436,900 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects an increase of $9,100 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
the 1985 program restricts calibration material requests from an as needed basis
to a maximum of two times per year for any group other than EPA. The Regions and
Program Offices within EPA continue to receive unlimited services.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$46,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprbgrammi ng. (-$2,900) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded ^needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net de-
crease of -$2,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$52,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$52,700 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$8,700) This program was increased by +$8,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,442,500 supported by 20.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,012,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $429,800 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, approval was received to promulgate a revision to 40 CFR 136, "Guide-
lines Establi shi ng Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants." This was
published was published in the Federal Register on October 26, 1984. These methods
are used by all NPDES parties (dischargers, States, and EPA) to access compliance
to permit conditions. Also, the successful completion of an annual Quality Assur-
ance Test of the 7,500 major dischargers' laboratory performance as well as State
and Regional laboratories. This was reported as the DMRQA annual report covering
over 8,000 participants.
WQ-35
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $931,000 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $213,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $717,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $17,400 and an increase of $18,100, respectively, and no
change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Govern-
ment-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in Research
and Development will be applied to field validations of the toxicity reduction
evaluation (TRE) protocol, and to the development of industry-specific toxicity
reduction manuals.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific/Technical Tools to Support Permitting and En-
forcement Acti viti es. The TRE protocol wi 11 be developed Tn cooperati on with
industry by measuring aquatic toxicity, identifying possible causes of the toxici-
ty, and recommending control technology or in-plant processing alternatives. The
protocol will be verified at specific sites, including the critical Chesapeake Bay
area, and will be applicable to complex effluents not easily controlled by the
chemi cal -by-chemi cal approach. Completion and validation of the TRE protocol will
meet a high priority need of the Effluent Guidelines Division, Regions and States.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency'^ "response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$4,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $930,300 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $231,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation and $699,300 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects an increase of $759,700 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
work is being carried out to develop and verify in the field a protocol for con-
ducting industrial toxicity reduction evaluations (TREs) for use by permitting
authorities in writing Best Professional Judgement (BPJj NPDES permits.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$22,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$700) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery'Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$23,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$10,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$33,700 to the Research and Development
appropri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$1,900) This program was increased by +$1,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
WQ-36
-------
1984 Accompli shments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total $170,600 supported by 2.7 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
ti on.
The accomplishments included the preparation of reports on physical/chemi cal
treatment for primary aluminum wastewater and a design manual for air and steam
stripping of organic pollutants from aqueous wastes.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $341,100 supported by 5.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents -an increase of $20,500 and no change in total workyears. This in-
crease will be used to separate, characterize and measure organics and inorganic
chemical species in industrial effluents.
Develop and Evaluate Scientific/Technical Tools to Support Permitting and
Enforcement Activities.Non-volatile organics in suspendedmatterandsediments
will be emphasized. This research will also enhance the existing GC/MS tape
library and generate reliable information on the composition of complex industrial
effluents.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $320,500 supported by 5.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. This reflects an increase of $4,300 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
research underway will identify those chemicals in industrial effluents previously
unrecognized. In addition, measurements are being made of organic and inorganic
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
"~ ™"""""""-™ ' - -- • - - ••"•"' -- ^
The net decrease of -$1,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$900) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$3,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$3,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$2,800) This program was increased by +$2,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $316,200 supported by 4.8 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ati on.
UQ-37
-------
In 1984, the accomplishments included the publishing of an article on clean-
up procedures for analysis of inorganic ions in wastewater, and a report on EGD
types which hit compounds that cannot be identified by spectral matching.
WQ-38
-------
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WQ-39
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WATER QUALITY
Comprehensive Estuarine Management
Budget Request
The Agency is not requesting resources under this subactivity for 1986, a
decrease of $4,000,000 from 1985. During 1986, this program will be supported
under the Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis subactivity in the Abatement
and Control function.
Program Description
Comprehensive Estuarine Management -- This program provides assistance to
support selected estuarine initiatives by State and local governmental entities for
the identification of nutrient and toxic pollution problems and the development of
recommended State/local activities for pollution abatement. The program includes
the use of technology transfer to make the experiences from t^e Chesapeake Bay and
Great Lakes programs available to the selected estuarine initiatives and others,
as appropriate.
COMPREHENSIVE ESTUARINE MANAGEMENT
1986 Program' Request
The Agency is not requesting resources for this program in the Research and
Development appropriation leading to a decrease of $4,000,000 to that appropria-
tion. However, $4,000,000 is requested under the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation for similar activities.
1985 Program
In 1985, thp Agency is allocating a total of $4,000,000, all of which is for
the Research and Development appropriation for this program.
This was the initial funding provided to assist Long Island Sound, Narragansett
Bay, Buzzards Bay, and Puget Sound in developing programs to protect the critical
ecosystems of the estuarine zones from land-generated nutrient and toxic pollutants.
The Agency, in coordination with NOAA, is assisting State and local agencies
dealing with these four water bodies during 1985 in the formulation of work
programs to carry out studies to determine wasteload sources and characteristics,
to locate and quantify nutrient and toxic problem areas, and to identify the man-
agement and data needs for the design of control and abatement programs.
Workyear support for this program is described under the Water Quality Moni-
toring and Analysis subactivity.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The was no change to this program.
1984 Accomplishments
There was no program in FY 1984.
WQ-40
-------
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water- Qual i ty and Grants Program Management WQ-42
Water Quality Management WQ-44
Great Lakes Program WQ-46
Chesapeake Bay Program WQ-48
Effluent Standards & Guidelines WQ-51
Grants Assistance Programs WQ-56
Clean Lakes Program WQ-57
Control Agency Resource Supplementation {Section 106) WQ-58
Training Grants (Section 104) WQ-59
Water Qual i ty Strategies Impl ementation WQ-61
Dredge & Fill ". WQ-64
Ocean Di sposal Permi ts WQ-65
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention WQ-67
Standards & Regulations WQ-69
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-72
Comprehensive Estuarine Management WQ-74
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-76
Municipal Source Control WQ-80
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction WQ-82
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance WQ-85
WQ-41
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency request a total of $18,797,700 supported by 106.6 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $524,500 and no change in total workyears. Of the request,
$5,470,400 wil1 be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $13,327,300
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of
$237,400 and $287,100, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Water Quality Management -- This program includes management of State finan«-
cial assistance under Sections 106, 205(g) (non-construction grants management),
205(j), 208, and 303 of the Clean Water Act.
Great Lakes Program— This program provides assistance in implementing U.S.
programs in support of the U.S. - Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. A
major focus of the program is the measurement of ambient conditions in the Great
Lakes in order to determine compliance with the objectives of the Agreement. The
monitoring portions of the program measure water quality trends and the effective-
ness of remedial responses to emerging pollution problems.
Chesapeake Bay Program -- As a result of the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality
Study, the Agency is committing significant resources to restore Bay water quality.
The Agency is assisting the Bay States and the District of Columbia in implementing
control activities to control nutrient and toxic effects in -the Bay. In addition
to maintaining the Bay Liaison Office in Annapolis, the Agency will provide cost-
sharing grant assistance to the States for implementing nutrient and toxic controls.
The Agency conducts detailed monitoring and modeling studies to assist in the clean-
up effort.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,780,700 supported hy 76.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,600,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $180,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $135,300 and $48,700, respectively. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and
administrative services. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance re-
flects completion of a study on the use of 106 and 205(j) funds.
EPA will continue working with the States to coordinate water quality program
objectives, outputs, and Federal and State funding mechanisms. EPA and State
program managers will negotiate annual program priorities and accomplishment com-
mitments; Agency personnel will provide feedback and assistance based on the
results of annual evaluations. These efforts are intended to ensure that Federal
and State objectives, priorities, and funds are meeting priority point and nonpoint
source control management needs through the most cost effective approaches.
WQ-44
-------
Grants totaling $64,900,000 are being requested for award under Section 106
of the Clean Water Act to support State and Interstate water pollution control
programs, an increase of $3,700,000. EPA will work with the States to target the
funds to reduce permit backlogs, issue Best Available Technology permits, support
municipal and industrial compliance activities, and develop ground-water protection
programs. New grants oversight policies issued in 1985 will be fully implemented
to ensure that State output and expenditure commitments are met and results are
achieved.
The Administration is considering major revisions to Section 205(j) of the
Clean Water Act which authorizes various planning activities. However, under the
current authorization, the Agency expects to award approximately $24,400,000 to
the States in 1986 for planning activities under this section.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$fi,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$9,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,964,700 supported by 76.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,736,000 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $228,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
EPA is continuing to focus on coordinating Federal and State water quality
priorities and programs. The primary objectives in 1985 are to improve State
decision-making for pollution control on priority water bodies and to strengthen
EPA oversight and State management of water pollution control resources. Annual
program and funding priority guidance is being issued for Region and State use.
EPA is negotiating coordinated State use of Sections 106, 205(j), and non-construc-
tion grant 205(g) funds for priority areas. A simplified final Water Quality
Management regulation is being published along with implementation guidance. EPA
guidance is being issued on development of State priority water bodies lists and
their uses in water quality management. A study of 1982 through 1984 use of 106
and 205(j) funds is being completed, and indicated changes in policy and guidance
will be issued. Policies and guidance on improving grants work programs and
managing to meet both program and financial commitments are being developed
for implementation in 1986.
EPA continues to manage contracts providing States with technical assistance
in developing nonpoint source control strategies. A methodology for determining
instream effects of NPS pollution and identifying local NPS problems will be pub-
lished. The Agency maintains liaison with other agencies implementing the national
strategy developed in
EPA has released a proposed National Nonpoint Source Policy and an Agency
strategy for nonpoint sources. EPA has worked with 15 other agencies to get com-
mitments to individual nonpoint source strategies for those agencies' -activities
within their base resources.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +584,100 results from the following actions:
WQ-45
-------
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$48,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$48,700 to the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$37,300) This program was increased by +$37,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $6,331,400 supported by 89.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,206,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,125,200 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance -appropriation.
EPA initiated development of policies and guidance to strengthen Agency over-
sight and State management of water pollution control resources. The Agency also
worked with the States, encouraging them to strengthen their State plans and plan-
ning processes and to implement effective procedures for ensuring consistency of
proposed permits, construction grants, and approved plans.
The Agency issued a report on nonpoint source control needs and costs, and the
final report on the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Contracts were used to assist
the Agency in developing a national nonpoint source policy and to support a Non-
point Source Task Force in developing a national strategy. The Agency also worked
with the States to gather information on the status of nonpoint source problems and
their water quality impacts to assist EPA and the States in developing nonpoint
source control implementation strategies. The -Agency also continued working with
the Departments of Agriculture and Interior on nonpoint source activities.
The Agency issued its annual funding guidance on priorities for use o"f Sec-
tions 106, 205(J) and non-construction grants management 205(g) funds, reviewed
work programs submitted in grant applications, and negotiated priority use of
funds. A total of $53,877,500 in Section 106 grants was awarded to State and In-
terstate water pollution control agencies. A total of $22,955,793 under Section
205(j) was obligated for water quality management planning.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,941,800 supported by 20.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,044,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,897,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $5,100 and a decrease of $238,400,
respectively, and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects a shift to a less intense water chemistry program for con-
ventional pollutants and to less intensive Atmospheric Deposition Network sampling.
The Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will continue to provide
leadership in meeting the U.S. obligations under the Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement with Canada and will continue to support the activities of the Inter-
national Joint Commission (IJC). It will be responding to information requests and
providing technical assistance to Headquarters and the State Department on official
Canadian requests and notes concerning U.S. Great Lakes policies. Staff support
WQ-46
-------
'to the IJC's Water Quality Board and its committees will continue to ensure that
U.S. views and policies are adequately represented. GLNPO will provide support
for the U.S. review of the Water Quality Agreement that will be the basis for its
renegotiation.
The Program will work on the Great Lakes monitoring plan as required by Annex
11 of the Agreement with Canada. Surveys of the Lakes will be conducted in co-
operation with State and Canadian agencies to determine the annual variability of
ambient phosphorus concentrations and the levels and trends in metals and conven-
tional pollutant parameters. A surveillance program to detect toxic substances in
Great Lakes fish and sediments will be conducted in several tributaries and harbors
The results will be analyzed and reported to the States for regulatory follow-up.
The results of the monitoring, including water, fish, sediment, and air data,
will provide the information necessary to assess compliance with Agreement objec-
tives, to evaluate effectiveness of control programs, and to identify emerging
problems. Attention in sediment sampling will be focused on the problem of pollut-
ed sediment in the "Areas of Concern" identified by the Uater Quality Board.
Remedial action plans will be completed for 20 areas and alternative abatement
technologies will be identified and evaluated. The second and final season of
monitoring work, including water and sediment sampling, for the Upper Great Lakes
Connecting Channels Study will be completed and a draft final report will be writ-
ten. The U.S. Phosphorus Reduction plans for Lakes Erie and Ontario will continue
to be implemented by the States with GLNPO oversight and assistance.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,175,100 supported by 20.0 work-
years for this program, of which $1,039,400 is for the Salaries and Fxpenses appro-
priation and $4,135,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study is being implemented; 1985 is
the first of two field seasons of this binational ecosystem analysis during which
sampling of the channels' water and sediment is being conducted. The National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and the Fish and Wildlife Service are
also contributing to this effort.
In April of 1985, the U.S. will submit to the International Joint Commission
the complete Phosphorus Reduction Plan called for in' the recently signed Supplement
to Annex 3 of the Water Quality Agreement. This will include State plans from
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. In addition, negotiations with
Canada will be completed to allocate the additional phosphorus load reduction needed
for Lake Ontari o.
GLNPO is continuing its sampling network and laboratory activities. Uater
chemistry, biota, and sediment analysis that are requested by the Agreement are
being carried out. This work will be used as the basis for the 1985 Biennal Report
on Great Lakes Water Quality which is to be completed in April, 1985. In addition,
new surveillance plans for the individual lakes are being completed this year.
The Water Quality Board has revised the tracking system for "Areas of Concern".
In 1985, each area is being analyzed under the new system and model remedial action
plans is being completed for Grand Calumet, Indiana; Saginaw Bay, Michigan; and
Green Bay, Wisconsin.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$541,800 results from the following actions:
WQ-47
-------
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$551,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$551,500 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$9,70n) This program was increased by +$9,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, thp Agency obligated a total of $4,019,700 supported by 17.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $911,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,108,200 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In 1984, the National Program Office continued its lead role in coordinating
and implementing U.S. programs in fulfillment of the Agreement. Specific activities
conducted in 1984 to ascertain ambient conditions included analyses of fish flesh
from nearshore and open water locations, sediment surveys of suspected toxic hot
spots in tributary mouths, atmospheric deposition collections at 41 stations, and
mathematical modeling to determine maximum allowable loading of pollutants. Other
major accomplishments included completion of the Niagara River Toxic Committee
Report in cooperation with New York, other Federal offices, and Canadian agencies
as part of the ongoing Niagara Frontier Agenda.
The National Program Office provided funding through the Clean Water Act's
Section 108(a) cooperative grant program with State and local entities in 31 coun-
ties in Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and New York to demonstrate voluntary best manage-
ment practices to further reduce phosphorus loadings to Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
Additional accomplishments included participation on seven committees of the
Water Quality Board, which deal with the individual lakes and two connecting
channels', and also with various task forces of the International Joint Commission.
This provided major program evaluations and completed new monitoring strategies
to assess effectiveness of U.S. and Canadian control programs.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,075,200 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $825,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $9,250,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $107,200 and no change, respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
In 1986, the Agency will continue to provide technical and administrative
staff support to the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Committee and Executive Council.
Coordination functions will be carried out with the Bay States, other Federal
Agencies, and other Bay management agencies to ensure continued progress is made
in restoring Bay water quality. Uater quality models will be available to more
accurately reflect Bay conditions and dynamics and will support cleanup and control
decisions. The Agency will continue to support and coordinate efforts to monitor
the mainstem of the Bay in concert with the States' focus on the major tributaries.
Continued support will bo provided for maintaining and improving the Chesapeake
Bay data system and public participation will continue to be an integral part of
the decision-making process.
WQ-4S
-------
The Agency will make funds available to the Chesapeake Bay States in the form
of 50 percent matching grants with special emphasis on problems resulting from
nonpoint sources of pollution. Projects will -focus on priority watersheds:
those causing the most significant delivery of phosphorus and nitrogen to the Bay
and its tributaries. Within these watersheds, projects wil.l address the "critical
areas" which are major sources of the nonpoint pollution load. The State grants
will be consistent with and fully supportive of the Comprehensive Plan for Protec-
tion and Restoration of the Chespeake Bay, which will be completed in July 1985.
1985 Program
In 1985. the Agency is allocating a total of $10,182,400 supported by 10.0
total workyears for this program, of which $932,400 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,250,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1985, the Implementaion Committee is developing a comprehensive plan
which will be the basis for State grant proposals. We are supplying fuads for
matching grants to focus State point and nonpoint source control efforts on critical
sub-basins. These grants are targeted at reducing the loadings of nutrients and
toxics and are intended to supplement and enhance State efforts in establishing
control programs. In addition, formal mechanisms for public participation and
education are being established in accordance with recommendations of a study
initiated by the Executive Council in 1984. The efforts of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the
Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Fish and Wildlife
Service are being coordinated through the Liaison Office.
Other activities of the Liaison Office include complementing the tributary
monitoring activities of the States by supporting and coordinating the monitoring
of the Bay's mainstem; refining and enhancing water quality models to assess the
impact of alternative control options; and maintaining the program's computer
center, which stores the program's extensive data base.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$182,400 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$177,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$177,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$4,800) This program was increased by +$4,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,291,200 supported by 7.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $606,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $684,300 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priati on.
The Agency completed and published the "final reports of the research program
and continued to emphasize the Liaison Office's role in coordinating the Bay
cleanup effort. We co-sponsored, and played an important role in the Chesapeake
Bay Conference held in December 1983, when the Chesapeake Bay Agreement was signed
by the Administrator, the Governors of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, the Mayor
of the District of Columbia, and the Chairman of the Chesapeake Bay Commission.
WQ-49
-------
This Agreement formally supports two Committees: an Implementation Committee,
consisting of senior staff, and an Executive Council made up of the Governors,
the District Mayor, and thp Administrator. The Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office in
Annapolis Maryland, and additional technical and program support being provided
through Region Ill's water program office, supported the Committees. The Liaison
Office provided oversight of the development of the July 1, 1984 implementation
plans which include plans for nutrient control, toxic control, and monitoring.
The Agency established a framework to provide matching grants to the Bay
States to support cleanup activities. By the end of 1984, EPA had receive^ grant
applications from Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania and began grant negotiations.
Pennsylvania received the first Chesapeake Bay implementation grant of $1,000,000
matching funds on October 5, 1984; the Agency expects to obligate the remaining
1984 funds to Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia during 1985.
The Liaison Office coordinated a strategy and provided funds to the States
for monitoring ambient samples at the Bay's mainstem stations and conducting sedi-
ment sampling at selected stations. In addition, the tributary monitoring efforts
of the States, NOAA, and USGS were coordinated through this Office. A water quality
model task force was convener! to review available models and make recommendations
and initiate the development of a model to more accurately reflect Bay conditions
and dynamics.
WQ-50
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WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards' and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of ' $7,993,800 supported by 71.0 total workyears for
1986, a decrease of $1,198,900 and 4.0 total workyears from 1985. Of the request,
$3,593,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $4,400,000 will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $392,200
and $806,700, respectively.
Program Description
Effluent Standards and Guidelines -- This program includes establishing ef-
fluent limitations for industries discharging directly to waterways and indirectly
through publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Effluent standards and guidelines
are promulgated under the authority of Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of the
Clean Water Act. Through thi*; program, the Agency establishes a number of different
kinds of effluent standards and guidelines.
Rest Available Technology Economically Achievable (RAT) limitations generally
represent the best existing performance in the industrial category or suhcategory.
The Act establishes BAT as the principal national means of controlling the direct
discharge of toxics and nonconventional pollutants into navigable waters. Best
Conventional Pollution Control Technology (BCT), the basis for limiting discharges
of conventional pollutants from existing sources, is not an additional limitation,
but replaces BAT for the conventional pollutants. New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) are based on the best available demonstrated technology. Pretreatment
Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) are designer! to prevent the discharge of
pollutants which pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with
the POTW's treatment process or chosen sludge disposal method. The similar regula-
tion for new plants is Pretreatment Standards for New Sources (PSNS).
The Act now requires the achievement by July 1, 1984 of effluent limitations
requiring application of BAT for conventional pollutants and classes of pollutants
which Congress declared toxic under Section 307(a) of the 1972 Act. Likewise, NSPS
and pretreatment standards were redirected toward toxic pollutant controls.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,993,800 supported by 71.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,593,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,400,000 wi 1 1 be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $392,200 and $806,700, respectively, and a
decrease of 4.0 total workyears. The decrease in both appropriations and in total
workyears reflects the Agency's progress in developing effluent standards and
guidel i
In 19H6, the program will promulgate regulations to establish national
effluent limitations and standards for one remaining, very complex category under
court-ordered schedule: organic chemicals, and plastics and synthetic fibers.
The program will provide engineering, economic, and statistical support to
post-promulgation negotiation, litigation, remand/repair, and petition review ef-
forts. These efforts are required to defend the integrity of the guidelines. The
UQ-52
-------
Agency reviews petitions filed by outside groups with the courts and attempts to
resolve issues out of court. Some are successfully resolved; others are liti-
gated, which may require the Agency to respond to court remands. In 1986, the
program anticipates complex petition review for regulations in at least eight of
the categories promulgated during 1984 and 1985. Four of these petitions are
likely candidates for court decisions resulting in remand/repair efforts. In
addition, approximately seven of the thirteen petitions received in 1985 will
be undergoing remand/repair in 1986.
The program will also continue to emphasize engineering, economic, and
statistical support to Regional and State permit writers and to industry in reissuing
expired permits which will incorporate BAT. Increased support will be provided to
conduct additional permit workshops and training sessions. This will include
providing data and assisting the Regions and States on developing site-specific
BPJ (best professional judgment) for toxic pollutants, implementing categorical
pretreatment standards, resolving the backlog of modification requests, variances
and evidentiary hearings, and writing new source discharge permits.
The program will begin investigating additional industries that are poten-
tially significant dischargers of toxic pollutants. Initial studies have indicated
that several of these industries may be more significant in terms of toxic loadings
than several industries now regulated under the Natural Resources Defense Council
(NRDC) Consent Decree. The program will examine industries such as hazardous
waste treatment facilities, solvent reclaimers, transportation sources, hospitals,
and ferroalloy manufacturing facilities. We will also continue to evaluate
toxic compounds in four industries using analytical detection methods refined for
these compounds in 1985. These analyses will be used in the future development of
final regulations for these industries.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$8,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. Thr decrease of -$279,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,192,700 supported by 75.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,986,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,206,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The program continues to promulgate effluent standards and guidelines for
industries on court-ordered schedules. The program plans to complete regulations
for Nonferrous hetals Forming, Nonferrous Metals (Phase II), Foundries, Plastics
Molding and Forming, and Pesticides. Extensive development work is underway for
promulgating regulations on the category, organic chemicals and plastics and
synthetic fibers. The program is also developing regulations for offshore oil
and gas production, gold placer mining, and Pharmaceuticals.
Post-promul-gation support continues on litigation, remand/repair, and petition
review efforts for thirteen industries. Also, the program expects to review peti-
tions concerning regulations that were promulgated in 1984 and 1985.
WQ-53
-------
The program is providing, in conjunction with the Office of Water Enforcement
and Permits (OWEP), engineering, economic, and statistical support to Regional and
State permit writers through 20 technical workshops and seminars for Regional',
State, and industry representatives. The program will conduct compliance assis-
tance workshops for the foundry industry as a pilot for the Agency's small business
initiative and will develop a quality assurance program for assessment of permits
and the pretreatment program.
Environmental assessments will he prepared for Phase II industries such as
coil coating and for non-NRDC facilities to support regulatory and guidance develop-
ment activities. The program is incorporating data on non-BAT industries into
the Reach File for use in regulatory analyses and develop risk assessments of
toxic chemical compounds.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$142,400 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$153,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$153,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$25,?00) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$16,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$8,400 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$36,400) This program was increased by +$36,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $16,745,000 supported by 92.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,648,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,097,000 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
pri ati on.
The program published proposed regulations establishing national effluent
limitations and standards for three industries: Nonferrous Metals Forming, Plastics
Molding and Forming, and Nonferrous Metals (Phase II). This completes proposal of
all effluent standards and guidelines required by the 1976 NRDC Settlement Agreement
with the exception of those industries excluded from regulation in accordance with
paragraph 8 of the modified settlement agreement.
The program also promulgated regulations establishing national effluent limi-
tations and standards for five industries: Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating
(Phase II), Electrical and Electronic Components (Phase II), Inorganic Chemicals
(Phase II), and Nonferrous Metals (Phase I). The program also proposed revisions
to the Phosphate Fertilizer industry in response to an industry petition.
In a series of 18 workshops for FPA Regional and State permit writers, the
program provided assistance in analyzing and interpreting information on the treat-
ability of toxic compounds and the basis and use of the categorical standards.
WQ-54
-------
The program reviewed 11 petitions concerning regulations promulgated in 1°83
and 1984. Post-promulgation activities are underway in three industries, anri
negotiated agreements are being attempted. Detailed "fundamentally different
factors" (FOF) variances were completed for pulp and paper mills. The program
assisted Regional permit authorities in completing reviews of applications sub-
mitted pursuant to Section 301(m) of the Clean Water Act by two pulp and paper
mills in California to obtain waivers from Best Practicable Technology (BPTJ/BCT
and Section 403 effluent limitations.
Environmental assessments were completed for Phase I and some Phase II indus-
tries. The program used these analyses to make regulatory decisions, in particular,
to exclude some industrial categories and subcategories from national regulation.
Information was added to the Reach File for use in national and Regional assess-
ments, such as determining areas which may require post-BAT controls.
UQ-55
-------
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WQ-56
-------
UATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total 'of $64,900,000 for grants under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation in 1986, a decrease of $50,000 from 1985,
Program Description
Clean Lakes Program — Section 314 of the Clean Water Act sets forth the
principal administrative and technical requirements for. developing a national
program to enhance the quality of freshwater lakes. The Clean Lakes regulation in
February 1980 established an operational program of financial and technical assist-
ance to the States to assist them in implementing methods and procedures to protect
and restore the quality of their publicly owned freshwater lakes.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) -- Section 106 grants
supplement State resources for water pollution control programs. They are nego-
tiated annually with 50 States, 7 Territories, and 6 Interstate compact agencies.
Funds are used to carry out a wide range of water quality programs, including
permit issuance, enforcement, monitoring, construction grants management, water
quality planning and standards, wasteload allocations, nonpoint source control
program management, pretreatment, oil and hazardous materials spill response, and
other priority programs.
States also receive financial assistance for water quality program activities
under Sections 205(g) and 205(j) of the Clean Water Act as reserves from their
annual Construction Grants allotment under the Construction Grants appropriation.
Funding is provided under Section 205fg) for construction grants management in
delegated States and under Section 205(j) for water quality planning and stan-
dards activities.
Training Grants (Section 104) -- Training assistance is provided to institu-
tions of higher education and other public or private agencies and institutions
to meet professional manpower needs.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1986 Program Request
In 1986, the Agency requests no funds for the Clean Lakes Program. In past
years the Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration techniques and
assisted States in classifying lakes, identifying techniques for restoring the
level of water quality needed to maintain or enhance uses, and implementing cleanup
and control projects. Since the Agency has provided guidance to the States on
maintaining clean lakes, it believes that the States are now able to address lake
restoration needs, along with other local priorities, under their existing water
quality management programs.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,750,000 under the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation for grants for the Clean Lakes Program. The
funds provided are being used only for existing implementation projects (Phase II).
The Agency expects to award approximately eleven grants for improving conditions
in publicly owned freshwater lakes.
WQ-57
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the .Enacted
The net decrease of -$1,250,000 results from the following action:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,250,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This chan-ge resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,250,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $6,100,000 from the Abatement, Con-
trol and Compliance appropriation under the Clean Lakes Program to help complete
27 existing projects.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $64,900,000 under the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of $3,700,000 from 1985. The increase
will be directed to activities to improve compliance by dischargers with their
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. Because of the
major potential for water quality impairment and sludge contamination, the increase
will be focused on improving compliance of publicly owned treatment works (POTWs),
especially those required to administer pretreatment programs, under the National
Municipal Policy.
State program priority activities funded under Section 106 will continue to
emphasize primarily NPOES permitting, enforcement, and associated source and
ambient monitoring. Additionally, funds will be devoted to assisting States as
they develop ground-water programs. Enforcement and compliance efforts will ex-
pand to assure that, as the number of dischargers and the complexity of effluents
increases, sources are meeting permit limits."
Assistance to the States in 19R6 will emphasize issuance of industrial permits
for Best Available Technology (BAT) and municipal permits. States will continue to
stress issuing or reissuing major NPDES permits, reducing backlogs, improving muni-
cipal compliance, and monitoring and standard setting to support permit activities.
Over 1,100 major NPDES permits will be issued or reissued by the States, which
should fully eliminate the NPDES State major permit backlog, and 12,000 compliance
inspections will be conducted. A limited amount of Section 106 funds will be
devoted to management of State sludge and nonpoint source programs.
The Administration is considering major revisions to Title II of the Clean
Water Act beginning in 1986. However, under the current authorization, delegated
construction grants management related activities will be funded under Section
205(g). Water quality management planning will be funded primarily under Section
205(j).
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $61,200,000 for Section 106
grants under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
State activities primarily funded under Section 106 include NPDES permitting,
ambient and source monitoring of toxics and conventional pollutants, enforcement,
ground-water program strategy development and administration of State programs.
UQ-58
-------
States are focusing on their NPDES permit backlogs, especially issuance and
reissuance of BAT permits, by targeting 106 grant dollars 'to this area. Enforce-
ment efforts continue to emphasize compliance. Monitoring essential to permits
issuance and enforcement is also funded using Section 106 funds. An estimated
20 States with critical nonpoint source problems are using Section 106 funds to
initiate control programs or manage existing control activities.
During 1985, one more State NPDES program is expected to be approved, bring-
ing the total to 38; the other States continue to assist EPA in many aspects
of permits issuance. In addition, several States are developing NPDES program
modifications to assume pretreatment, Federal facility, and general permitting re-
sponsibilities. Approximately 1800 major NPDES permits, including toxics controls,
are being issued or reissued by the States. Nearly 12,000 compliance inspections
are being conducted, and the States will take increasing responsibility in com-
pliance activities. States are developing analytical capabilities to support in-
creased emphasis on water quality based permitting, toxics control, and requests1
for permit variances, and strengthen their ability to perform conventional pollu-
tant wasteload analyses for major permits. Finally, all States are developing
or implementating ground-water management plans based on guidance published in
early 1985.
Delegated construction grants management related activities are being funded
under Section 205(g). Water quality standards reviews, planning and associated
monitoring, and development programs for nonpoint source control management are
being funded primarily under Section 205(j).
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $53,877,500 for Section 106 grants under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. State activities funded under
Section 106 included NPDES permitting, ambient and source monitoring of toxics and
conventional pollutants, enforcement, oil and hazardous materials spill response,
nondelegated construction grants program activities, water qua-lity standards re-
views, nonpoint source control program management and State program administration.
The States increased emphasis on NPDES permitting, especially major permit
reissuance and BAT permits. Thirty-eight States had approved NPDES programs, an
increase of one in 1984. States issued and reissued more than 1,100 majors per-
mits and 6,000 minor permits. Enforcement efforts were also increased. Over
11,700 compliance inspections were conducted. State NPDES programs were modified
to include pretreatment programs, and Federal facilities permitting. Thirty-three
States were operating biomonitoring programs during 1984;' essentially all States
had developed capabilities to perform conventional pollutant wasteload analyses
for major permits. Seventeen States used Section 106 grants to manage nonpoint
source control activities.
TRAINING GRANTS (SECTION 104)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for these grants in 1986. The Agency believes
that sufficient interest and opportunities exist for people to enter environmental
professions without Federal support.
WQ-59
-------
1985 Program
The Agency is not allocating any 1985 funds to this program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$214,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$216,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$216,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$2,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$2,000 to the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $200,000 under the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation for training grants. These funds were used to support 77
environmental fellowships at 27 universities.
WQ-60
-------
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-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,811,300 supported by 284.5 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $5,826,100 and 8.1 total workyears from 1985. Of
this request, $11,997,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $12,813,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
an increase of $156,200 and $5,669,900, respectively.
Program Description
Dredge and Fi 11 -- The focus of the Section 404 Program will be to ensure
that the most significant problems in wetlands and other aquatic systems are iden-
tified and appropriately addressed through implementation of improved scientific
and administrative methods for dealing with those problems. Headquarters will
develop guidance and revise regulations and procedures to ensure sound, effective,
and consistent methods to identify and address the most significant environmental
problems supported by an active enforcement and compliance program. Regions will
use their authorities to review and comment on public notices nf permit applications
and, when necessary to protect significant resource values, will elevate permits,
restrict or prohibit discharges, and establish jurisdictional boundaries to ensure
a strong, efficient and consistent program. Regions will assist in the identifica-
tion of critical wetlands requiring immediate protective action, will strengthen
efforts to have an effective 404 compliance and enforcement program, and will
continue their work in transferring the Section 404 Program to interested and
qualified States.
Ocean Disposal Permits -- The ocean disposal program includes the regulation
of ocean disposal by outfalls, dumping, and incineration at sea, designation of
disposal sites, development of ocean disposal policies, and participation in inter-
agency programs that deal with 'the development and protection of ocean resources.
The Agency's ocean disposal programs are authorized by the Marine Protection, Re-
search and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) of 197? and the Clean Water Act, as amended, and
are consistent with the mandatory provisions of the current Convention on Prevention
of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, known as the London
Dumping Convention. This program supports both Headquarters and Regional staff.
To carry out ocean disposal permitting functions, the Administrator of EPA is
authorized to regulate the disposal of all materials except dredged material,
which is regulated by the Corps of Engineers. MPRSA prohibits the transportation
and dumping in ocean water of chemical, biological, and radiological warfare agents
and high level radioactive materials. EPA has statutory responsibility for desig-
nating all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged material.
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention— This program will continue
to maintain an around-the-clock capability to receive notice of and respond to
major incidents of accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products. (Spills
of hazardous substances are covered under 'Superfund.) Removal actions will be
directed by Regional personnel at serious incidents where the responsible party is
unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is incapable of providing adequate response
and where State or local authorities lack appropriate expertise or resources.
The cleanup monitoring program will continue to provide incentive for adequate
removal by responsible parties, as well as serve as a mechanism for drawing State
and local agencies into directing removals themselves. The Agency's focus in 1986
will be on encouraging State and local governments to assume a greater share of the
responsibility for responding to oil spills. Federal resources, therefore, will be
concentrated on major actions where State, local, or private response is not feasi-
ble.
WQ-63
-------
Standards and Regulations -- This program implements water quality-based con-
trols bysetting water quality standards pursuant to Sections 303, 304(a), and
307(a) of the Clean Water Act. EPA and the States use the water quality criteria
adopted in the standards as the basis for water quality-based controls. EPA pub-
lishes guidance on water quality criteria applicable to freshwater, marine, and
estuarine environments and sediments. Under Section 405, the Agency develops and
publishes regulations providing guidelines for the disposal and utilization of
sludge. This program also includes Clean Lakes grants management. Both Head-
quarters and Regional programs are supported by this program element.
DREDGE AND FILL
1986 Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,674,300 supported by 75.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,021,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,653,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $226,300 and an increase of $1,161,400,
respectively, and an increase of 7.0 in total workyears. The increases in Salaries
and Expenses and total workyears reflect increased enforcement and monitoring of
general permits. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects im-
proved permit reviews of areas with high levels of environmentally damaging dis-
charge activity.
The major focus of the Headquarters program will be to ensure that the most
significant problems in wetlands and other aquatic systems are identified and pro-
tection increased appropriately through development of related guidance, revised
regulations and procedures, and through implementation of improved scientific
and administrative methods of addressing significant problems. This will increase
program predictability and efficiency for the regulated public. Regions will
continue to use their authorities tn protect significant resource values. Regions
will also increase their enforcement and compliance efforts and continue to
encourage the transfer of the Section 404 Program to interested and qualified
States under the revised regulations.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's re-sponse to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle.
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$5,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,286,100 supported by 68.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,794,200 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $491,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Headquarters is developing a system for identifying the most significant
problems involving wetlands and other aquatic areas, improving scientific and
administrative methods of addressing them, and finalizing- revisions to the 404
State Program regulations. Regions are initiating action to address the most
significant environmental problems (for example, the loss of bottomland hardwood
wetlands). Regions will also strengthen efforts to transfer the 404 Program to
the States and to ensure general permits are environmentally sound.
WQ-64
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$31,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$2,100) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$2,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$33,200) This program was increased by +$33,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,637,100 supported by 59.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,300,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $336,500 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
Headquarters initiated development of a national 404 Program Strategy, and
proposed revised 404 State Program regulations. Regions reviewed over 6,000 Section
404 permits, ensured general permits were soundly developed, continued to work
with States on 404 program assumption, and exercised EPA's authorities to prevent
unacceptable discharges of dredged and fill material.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
j.986_ Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,863,800 supported by 45.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,066,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,797,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $51,100 and $4,486,800, respectively,
and an increase of 1.1 in total workyears. The increase in both appropriations
and in total workyears reflects support for the monitoring of deep water disposal
sites and the establishment of a comprehensive integrated approach to incinerate
hazardous waste at se*a.
The program will be implementing the ocean dumping regulations modified in
response to the 1981 court decision, which ruled that the Agency must consider the
comparative environnental effects of land versus ocean disposal in considering an
ocean-disposal permit application. At the same time, work will continue on the
development of a comprehensive revision to the regulations to provide for balancing
the environmental effects of ocean disposal methods, while meeting specific envi-
ronmental criteria established by the Statute.
The Agency will continue reviewing and issuing permits for ocean disposal.
This activity will include evaluating and characterizing waste samples on a case-
by-case basis. EPA will also continue to review dredged material disposal permits
issued by the Corps of Engineers. We will accelerate the preparation of environ-_
mental assessments to support site designations for those dredged-material disposal
sites not covered by the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) Consent Decree.
In the area of site designation and monitoring, the program will conduct
approximately eight surveys of interim and existing ocean disposal sites for site
designation purposes and determine the environmental impacts of disposal. Two
deep water sites within the New York 106-mile site will be monitored in accordance
with a comprehensive monitoring plan.
WQ-65
-------
Of particular concern in 1986 will be the implementation of the incineration-
at-sea regulation, which will be paralleled by the implementation of the research
strategy for this program. Additional ports of loading and potential incinera-
tion sites will be surveyed for designation in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Comprehensive incineration site monitoring programs will be implemented to assure
adequate baseline information for designation and/or to assess continuing protec-
tion of the .marine environment through adequate site management. Permits will
have to be prepared for each research burn as well as special or operational
permits for the operation of a designated incineration site. The Agency will
participate in the monitoring of research burns and will establish a comprehensive
monitoring assessment and impact analysis program to review the monitoring data
from each burn to support authorization of subsequent burns. A major element of
the impact analysis program will be the development of a predictive model to be
used in the assessment of the environmental impacts of proposed quantities and
characteristics of toxic compounds to be incinerated. This will include the basic
field studies to identify and refine key parameters and to develop and test the
validity of the model itself.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$5,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -$169,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,325,900 supported by 44.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,015,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,310,400 is for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
The program is promulgating a revision to the ocean dumping regulation.
Separate regulations are being promulgated for the control and monitoring of
incineration-at-sea activities, 'and an incineration-at-sea research strategy is
being developed. A new incineration site in the North Atlantic has be^n proposed
and may be designated in 1985.
All remaining environmental impact statements covered by the NWF Consent
Decree should be completed. Sites are being designated and additional site manage-
ment is being provided to monitor environmental impacts. A final decision is to
be made on whether to continue the use of the New York Bight 12-mile site for
sewage sludge disposal. Permit applications for the New York 106-mile site will
require Agency review and decisions.
Work is continuing to examine scientific parameters for the site selection
and designation process and assessment of permittee wastes. The Agency is examin-
ing and field testing predictive indices developed in cooperation with the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration which measure environmental impacts to de-
termine the more relevant and applicable indices in regard to ocean disposal. These
indices are being refined for use in site designation and monitoring activities.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$208,800 results from the following actions:
WQ-66
-------
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$190,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which werenotreportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$190,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ati on.
-Pay Raise. (+$21,600) This program was increased by +$21,600 reflecting
the anount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
i
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,061,700 supported by 41.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,794,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,267,200 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The majority of the extramural resources were for site surveys, development
of environmental assessments, and site designation, and the review, processing, and
issuance of permits for ocean disposal. This includes evaluating and characterizing
waste samples provided by facilities applying for permits. The waste characteris-
tics are examined for suitability for ocean disposal at existing sites on a case-
by-case basis.
The Agency conducted monitoring surveys of existing and interim designated
ocean disposal sites. Samples were collected and analyzed to determine and
monitor the environmental impacts of waste disposal at the designated ocean sites.
Environmental Impact Statements were issued on ocean disposal sites as required
under the National Wildlife Federation Consent Decree. Additional site designation
work was begun on interim designated dredged material disposal sites not covered
under the Consent Decree.
Additionally, we prepared a technical evaluation of the bioaccumulation pre-
dictive assessment techniques and updated the hioassay procedures reflecting new
scientific and site-specific information. Regulations were proposed for the
incineration-at-spa program and public comments on the proposal were reviewed.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
19J36> Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,548,700 supported by 68.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,700,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,848,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This reflects a decrease of $66,000 and an increase of $17,200,
respectively. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide
reductions to pay and administrative services.
The Agency has a 24-hour-a-day capability to respond to notifications of acci-
dental spills or threats of releases. Federal removal is directed at major inci-
dents where the responsible party is unidentifiable, refuses to clean up, or is
incapable of providing timely and adequate removal and where the States and local
authorities lack the necessary expertise, equipment, or funding.
Spill notifications will be processed to determine what, if any, response is
required. The Federal government will direct response operations at 1?0 major
spills and will monitor on-scene at 400 removals conducted by responsible parties
or State and local authorities to ensure adequate response.
WQ-67
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Federal regulations require the implementation of a Spill Prevention, Control,
and Counter-measure (SPCC) plan at oil storage facilities and transfer points that
could reasonably be expected to spill a significant amount of oil into the waters
of the United States. Regional staff, with assistance from contractor personnel,
conduct compliance inspections at selected non-transportation-related (NTR) facili-
ties included in the SPCC program, in an effort to reduce the frequency and volume
of releases that occur. An estimated 2,000 SPCC inspections will be conducted at
NTR facilities.
The Agency also maintains an Environmental Response Team (ERT) to provide
Regional and State personnel with response training and on-site technical and
operational assistance at complex emergency incidents. The ERT is staffed by per-
sonnel with a high degree of expertise in the areas of spill- control and removal,
spill sampling and analysis techniques, and damage assessments.
Regional response capability is augmented through the Technical Assistance
Team contract. This contract provides contractor workyears to assist Regional
staff and the ERT in responding to Clean Water Act Section 311 spills and environ-
mental emergencies.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$20,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,597,500 supported by 68.1
total workyears for this program, of which $2,766,700 is for the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation and $1,830,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
Headquarters is ensuring overall management of the program, and the Regions
are responsible for managing response actions. The oil component of the ERT pro-
vides special engineering and technical advice at any unusually large or complex
spill. Regional personnel are available on a 24-hour basis to respond to the
estimated 7,000 notifications received by the National Response Center of acci-
dental releases of oil and other petroleum products. The Agency is providing on-
scene monitoring at 400 removals undertaken by responsible parties or State and
local authorities and is directing removals at approximately 120 major oil inci-
. dents. An estimated 2,000 SPCC inspections are being conducted at NTR facilities.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -599,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$101,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net decrease
of -$100,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$31,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty whi~ch were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$7,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$24,200 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
WQ-68
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-Pay Raise. (+$33,100) This program was increased by +$33,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligatpd a total of $4,599,000 supported by 59.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,262,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,336,100 was for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. Regional Offices received and screened over 7,000 notifications of oil
spill releases. Of these, the Agency directed removals at 120 major oil spills
and responded on-scene at 400 non-Federally funded incidents. In addition, the
Agency conducted over 1,700 SPCC inspections at NTR facilities.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,724,500 supported by 95.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,209,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation and $2,515,300 wil^ be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, a decrease of $55,700 and an increase of $4,500, respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the Agency's emphasis on the further
development of water quality criteria.
State water quality standards serve as the regulatory basis for treatment
controls that go beyond technology-based treatment requirements. The Agency will
continue to work with States to identify water quality limited stream segments
where standards revisions may be warranted. The revised water quality standards
regulation specifies that States must identify specific water bodies where toxic
pollutants are known or suspected to be causing use impairment. To ensure that
water quality standards are based on adequate data and information and that they
meet the requirements of the Act, the Regional Offices will continue assisting
States in collecting data and selecting appropriate procedures to conduct use
attainability analyses and determining where site-specific criteria development
may be warranted. The program will provide additional guidance and assistance, to
the States for conducting use attainability analyses to resolve intra- and inter-
state issues affecting toxic pollutant permit controls.
In 1986, the program will continue to develop and issue water quality criteria
and advisories for aquatic life to help States determine appropriate protection
levels for toxic and other pollutants. State adoption of criteria for toxic
pollutants is a requirement under the revised regulation. The program will con-
tinue to work with States in integrating the development of site-specific criteria
into the States' standards review and revision process. Criteria for toxic
pollutants will be developed for freshwater, marine, and estuarine environments.
The program will continue to develop application guidance to help States establish
and implement approaches for applying numerical or narrative toxic standards in
permitting programs. Assistance will be provided through technical workshops in
the implementation of the approaches as well as the application guidance on a
case-by-case basis. In addition, the program will field test methodologies for
the development of sediment criteria and refine those criteria proposed in 1985.
The Agency will propose technical criteria and management practices for the
reuse or disposal of municipal sewage sludge through regulations. These regula-
tions will address distribution and marketing, land application to food and non-
WQ-69
-------
food chain crops, land filling, incineration, and ocean disposal. An intermedia
analysis will be used to assess risk and evaluate health and environmental impli-
cations of the various disposal options. We will also continue to provide overall
management of those Clean Lakes projects which are still underway.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$9,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -$138,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,775,700 and 95.5 total work-
years for this program, of which $4,264,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,510,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The program is working with the States to implement the revised water quality
standards regulation with special emphasis in adopting toxic criteria and to up-
grade water body uses to fishable and swimmable standards. Much greater priority
is being given to examining the adequacy of any narrative criteria for toxics and
identifying the method by which the State intends to regulate point source dis-
charges of toxic pollutants. Regional Offices continue to review State-adopted
additions or revisions to water quality standards. EPA is working with the
States to resolve complex issues involved in the revision and modification of
water body uses and differences among State use classification systems. EPA is
assisting the States in the use of site-specific criteria and use attainability
protocols.
The program continues to develop criteria, specifically for toxic pollutants
in freshwater, marine and estuarine environments. The program is also investigat-
ing methodologies for developing sediment criteria and initiating the development
of sediment criteria. A detailed National assessment of the contaminated sediment
problem is being developed to provide guidance and support to the development of
sediment criteria.
The Agency is starting a major effort for the development of regulations for
the disposal and utilization of municipal sewage sludge. The program will propose
methodologies for developing numerical limits, management practices, and techno-
logical controls of sludge, develop environmental profiles for contaminants of
concern, and issue technical summary documents for each sludge disposal option.
This effort will provide the technical basis for conducting intermedia analyses
and subsequent development of sludge regulations in 1986.
The Agency will continue to provide management of the Clean Lakes projects
and assist States and local agencies in overseeing lake restoration project funding.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The npt decrease of -$40,400 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$6,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$6,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
WQ-70
-------
-Reprogrammings. (-$80,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the . Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$75,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$4,500 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$46,600) This program was increased by +$46,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $4,557,600 supported by 85.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,492,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $1,065,300 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
A revised water quality standards regulation that governs the development,
review, revision, and approval of standards was issued in November 1983. The
regulation maintains a strong anti-degradation requirement and emphasizes State
standards as the basis for permit limitations. Technical workshops were conducted
on the implementation of the regulation, use attainability analyses, and the devel-
opment of site-specific criteria. The Water Quality Standards Handbook was issued
to assist States in determining appropriate uses and criteria in setting water
quality standards. The Agency responded to hundreds of requests from all States
for support in conducting use attainability analyses, in setting site-specific
criteria, and increasing the coverage of toxic pollutants in State standards. In
addition, the program continued its emphasis on developing criteria, specifically
for toxic pollutants in freshwater and marine environments. The program proposed
revisions for water quality criteria on nine toxic chemicals, final criteria
for dioxin, proposed a new bacteriological indicator criterion, and updated the
National Guidelines for Criteria Development. The program continued management of
the Clean Lakes program, which included reviewing and approving grant applications
for existing Clean Lakes projects.
WQ-71
-------
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-------
UATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,651,400 supported by 176.8 total- workyears
for 1986, an increase of $1,349,100 and a decease of 26.6 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $7,835,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $7,815,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
a decrease of $1,495,000 and an increase of $2,844,100, respectively.
Program Description
Comprehensive Estuarine Management -- This program provides assistance to
support selected estuarine initiatives by State and local governmental entities for
the identification of nutrient and toxic pollution problems and the development of
recommended State/local activities for pollution abatement. The program includes
the use of technology transfer to make the experiences from the Chesapeake Bay and
Great Lakes programs available to the selected estuarine initiatives and others,
as appropriate. This program supports both Headquarters and Regional staffs.
Water Quality Monitoring emd_ Anjajysis -- This program supports biological,
chemical, and physical evaluations of water quality to assess water quality status
and trends, identify water quality problems and their causes, and determine cost-
effective levels of controls required to meet local water quality objectives.
Throughout, the program emphasizes developing effective technical guidance and
assistance to the States, which are primarily responsible for collecting, analyzing,
and interpreting monitoring data. This program supports both Headquarters and
Regional staffs.
COMPREHENSIVE ESTUARINE MANAGEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,302,000 supported by 6.0 total workyears
in this program, of which $302,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $4,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represent an increase of $10,000 and $4,000,000, respectively, and no change
in total workyears. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects a
shift of the 1985 level of funding from Research and Development to Abatement,
Control and Compliance for further technical studies and investigations of complex
nutrient and toxic pollution problems in major estuaries.
The comprehensive estuarine approach includes quantifying pollutant loads,
assessing impacts on estuarine water quality and resources, and providing recommen-
dations on priority trade-offs of load reduction between sources so that EPA and
States can take the appropriate steps to restore or maintain and, where possible,
enhance environmental quality. The approach uses participatory management and
joint decision making among Federal, State, and local authorities, as well as
the public, to define the nature and extent of environmental problems, analyze
appropriate data, relate ambient water quality conditions to land-based pollutant
loads, gather monitoring data and develop monitoring plans, and recommend alterna-
tive management actions to abate environmental problems.
In 1986, the program will integrate products from 1985 (problem identification
and assessment, pollutant source quantification, and assessment of impacts on envir-
onmental quality) into a monitoring program and begin development of a comprehensive
WQ-74
-------
environmental master plan for Long Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, Buzzards Bay,
and Puget Sound. The plan will balance pollution control levels between point and
nonpoint sources and will form the basis for implementing control actions to
achieve environmental results.
The Agency, in coordination with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion (NOAA), will assist selected State and local agencies in the development and
implementation of estuarine studies and programs through financial assistance,
both matching grants and contracts, and generic guidance developed on the basis of
the Agency's experience in the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes programs. The Agency
will also develop a technology transfer system to aid the selected estuarine pro-
grams and other estuarine initiatives, as appropriate, in the interchange of
technical methodologies and program management techniques.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $292,000, all of which is for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, supported by 6.0 workyears for this program.
Under the Comprehensive Estuarine Management subactivity in the Research and
Development appropriation, $4,000,000 is allocated for water quality research,
sampling, monitoring, and assessment in this area. This was the initial funding
provided to assist Long Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, Buzzards Bay, and Puget
Sound in developing programs to protect the critical ecosystems -of the estuarine
zones from land-generated nutrient and toxic pollutants.
The Agency, in coordination with NOAA, is assisting State and local agencies
dealing with these four water bodies during 1985 in the formulation of work
programs to carry out studies to determine wasteload sources and characteristics,
to locate and quantify nutrient and toxic problem areas, and to identify the man-
agement and data needs for the design of control and abatement programs. Once
work programs are set, EPA will provide financial assistance through matching
grants and contracts to carry out the studies. The overall schedule for completion
of each estuary will vary depending on the complexity of the estuary and extent of
previously completed work.
On the basis of nutrient and toxics abatement experiences gained in the Chesa-
peake .Bay Program and the Great Lakes Program, the Agency is developing a national
estuarine policy and generic estuarine program guidance document for use by State
and local officials in program design and implementation.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$2,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded neeHs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
WQ-75
-------
-Pay Raise. (+$2,900) This program was increased by +$2,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
Therp was no program in FY 1984.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,349,400 supported by 170.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,533,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation and $3,815,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $1,505,000 and $1,155,900, respectively,
and a decrease of 26.6 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
primarily reflects the transfer of the water quality information system (STORET)
to the Office of Information Resources Management (-11.9 total workyears). The
remainder of the decrease to Salaries and Expenses and total workyears and the
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance primarily reflects the completion of
dioxin sampling for the National Dioxin Study.
The program will continue to implement the water quality monitoring strategy,
including State implementation of the revised Basic Water Monitoring and Wasteload
Allocation Program. This effort is designed to improve EPA's and States' ability
to collect the data needed to establish water pollution controls and evaluate
program effects. Emphasis will be placed on systematic screening to identify
waters not fully supporting designated uses, with a particular focus on toxic
pollutant problems.
The program will provide technical support to States for developing water
quality-based limitations and improving methods used to support State permit writ-
ers.' The program will provide technical assistance in analyzing the current State
backlog of toxic pollutant samples. We will provide additional assistance to State
permit writers in the use of biomonitoring techniques and in directly assessing
the chronic and acute toxicity of discharges. Review of State wasteload alloca-
tions (WLAs) and total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will continue with special
emphasis on areas where control decisions are most needed.
Headquarters will issue further technical guidance and conduct additional
workshops on wasteload allocations and biomonitoring approaches. This will include
the revision of existing technical guidance and development of new material on
the application of bioassay tests for calculating in-stream effects of design
conditions. These methodologies will be extended to estuarine and marine waters.
Technical guidance on TMDLs and WLAs will be issued to address the more complex
toxic pollutants, bioaccumulation factors, and innovative modeling approaches for
water quality-based permitting.
The National Dioxin Study will be finalized; in December 1985, a report will
be prepared for Congress. Follow-up assessments will be conducted in those areas
where dioxin was found but a source could not be immediately identified. Samples
collected from the dioxin study and other sites will be analyzed to identify and
characterize problems from bioaccumul ative pollutants, before they become major
National concerns.
The program will continue to implement quality assurance (QA) efforts. This
includes overseeing State OA implementation required in EPA grants, participating
in interlaboratory tests and audits, and reviewing OA procedures. The program will
also continue to operate and enhance the water quality information systems. The
Regional offices will work with the States in preparing the 1986 Section 305(b)
WQ-76
-------
reports, which describe the status and trends of surface waters in their juris-
dictions.
198b Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$33,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$324,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,010,300 supported by 197.4
total workyears for this program, of whfch $9,038,800 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,971,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program is continuing to assist and promote use of biomonitoring and
technical guidance on TMDLs and WLAs as part of the water quality-based approach
to control the discharge of toxic pollutants. Emphasis is being placed on
improved screening techniques for States to follow in setting priorities, bio-
monitoring technical guidance, step-by-step user guidance for TMDLs and WLA models,
and quality assurance. The Technical Support Document (developed in 1984} will be
finalized. The Agency is making pilot tests of technical approaches and is col-
lecting data to verify the validity of the approaches for controlling actual
instream consequences of the discharge of toxicity in effluents. The Regional
Offices are continuing to provide technical advice on the application of EPA guid-
ance to site-specific situations to improve State TMDL and WLA programs. We are
continuing to provide sampling and laboratory analysis assistance to the the States
upon request, particularly for toxic pollutants and biomonitoring.
•The program is in the second year of the National Dioxin Study. This effort
includes sampling a representative number of hydrologic units to assess dioxin
build-up in bed sediments and native fish. It'also includes intensive surveys at
a sample of manufacturing and pesticide use sites. A draft report is beiny pre-
pared on the results of the study.
The program is beginning to implement the monitoring strategy issued in 1984.
Consistent with the strategy, technical guidance is being revised to emphasize
State monitoring programs necessary for reporting national baselines and trends
in water quality. The program will issue the 1984 Section 305(b) Water Quality
Inventory Report to Congress and issue guidance to the States for preparing
the 1986 Section 305(b) report.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$42,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reproyramming. (-$45,800) This, reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$45,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$7,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$7,500 to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
WQ-77
-------
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$33,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$324,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,010,300 supported by 197.4
total workyears for this program, of which $9,038,800 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,971,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program is continuing to assist and promote use of biomonitoring and
technical guidance on TMDLs and WLAs as part of the water quality-based approach
to control the discharge of toxic pollutants. Emphasis is being placed on
improved screening techniques for States to follow in setting priorities, bio-
monitoring technical guidance, step-hy-step user guidance for TMDLs and WLA models,
and quality assurance. The Technical Support Document (developed in 198^) will be
finalized. The Agency is making pilot tests of technical approaches and is col-
lecting data to verify the validity of the approaches for controlling actual
instream consequences of the discharge of toxicity in effluents. The Regional
Offices are continuing to provide technical advice on the application of EPA guid-
ance to site-specific situations to improve State TMDL and WLA programs. We are
continuing to provide sampling and laboratory analysis assistance to the the States
upon request, particularly for toxic pollutants and biomonitoring.
The program is in the second year of the National Dioxin Study. T-his effort
includes sampling a representative number of hydrologic units to assess dioxin
build-up in bed sediments and native fish. It also includes intensive surveys at
a sample of manufacturing and pesticide use sites. A draft report is being pre-
pared on the results of the study.
The program is beginning to implement the monitoring strategy issued in 1984.
Consistent with the strategy, technical guidance is being revised to emphasize
State monitoring programs necessary for reporting national baselines and trends
in water quality. The program will issue the 1984 Section 305(b) Vlater Duality
Inventory Report to Congress and issue guidance to the States for preparing
the 1986 Section 305(b) report.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$42,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$45,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$45,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$7,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the. Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$7,500 to the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$95,900) This program was increased by +$95,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
WQ-78
-------
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $13,082,200 supported by 180.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,307,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $4,774,600 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency developed a monitoring program strategy to modernize State and F.PA
programs. A biomonitoring policy was developed and Regional biomonitoring capabil-
ities expanded to provide an integrated approach using both chemical and biological
methods to assess and control toxic substances in surface water. A draft Technical
Support Document was produced jointly with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System (NPDES) program to implement the biomonitoring policy.
In December 1983, the Agency issued the Dioxin Strategy to determine the
nature and extent of dioxin contamination throughout the Country. Seven categories
of sites are being investigated, ranging from sites where contamination is strongly
suspected (tiers 1-2), to ambient sites with no known sources of dioxin (tier 7
control sites). This program element provides resources for the National Dioxin
Study that covers tiers 3-7; tiers 1-2 are covered under the Superfund program.
In addition, the program issued a series of technical guidance documents
on wasteload allocation procedures and provided technical assistance to the States
to support the water quality-based approach to permitting. The program also com-
pleted a joint effort with the States to develop and use a standardized approach
for assessing and reporting water quality; this will improve inputs to the Section
305(b) Water Quality Inventory Report.
WQ-79
-------
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-------
WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,698,700 supported by 557.8 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $14,935,400 and 25 total workyears from 1985. Of the
request $22,719,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$19,979,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $1,841,500 and $13,093,900, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity provides resources at Headquarters and in the Regions for
management of the Construction Grants program. For budgetary purposes, resources
devoted to managing the Construction Grants- Program are divided into the following
components:
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction -- This program includes most
of the management activities associated with the Construction Grants program in
Headquarters and Regional Offices. Abatement, Control and Compliance resources
support an interagency agreement with the Corps of Engineers. Through this
agreement, the Corps provides a range of construction management and training
activities to assure the technical and fiscal integrity of wastewater treatment
project construction.
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance -- This program involves develop-
ment of State programs to ensure that Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Works
(POTWs) meet effluent requirements. It also provides support in implementing the
Agency's National Municipal Policy.
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
198_6_ Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $41,171,000 supported by 523.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $21,191,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $19,979,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $1,775,700 and $13,093,900, resp-
ectively, and a decrease of 25 total workyears.
The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects termination of a
special appropriation to support the operation of a solid waste disposal facility
in Akron, Ohio and elimination of funds for operator training grants as States are
conducting effective onsite training programs with funds appropriated from 1982 to
1985. These decreases are offset by an increase in funds for the interagency agree-
ment with the Army Corps of Engineers. The decrease in total workyears reflects
increased levels of State delegation and a reduced number of active grants.
We expect all States and Puerto Rico to have signed delegation agreements by
the end of 1986. Of this total, 39 States will be fully delegated (including assis-
tance provided by the Corps of Engineers), an increase of 6 over 1985. In 1986,
States will provide 2113 workyears or 69 percent of the total program management
staffing, the Corps of Engineers 13 percent, and EPA 18 percent.
With the resources in this program element, EPA will act primarily as overall
program manager with the States and the Corps performing most of the day-to-day
project management activities. EPA will continue to exercise remaining nondelegated
WQ-82
-------
project management-related responsibilities in the States and territories. In
addition, EPA will work closely with States to effectively implement new legislative
changes in 1986.
Under the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act and OMB Circular A-123,
EPA will continue to improve overall program management, particularly based on
results of prior year Internal Control Reviews (ICRs), and will initiate new ICRs
in other identified priority areas.
The 1986 Needs Survey will integrate for the first time priority lists with
identified treatment needs. EPA will continue to work with States to target avail-
able funds to highest priority water quality needs and document water quality
improvements resulting from the Constructions Grants program.
EPA will continue efforts to provide State and grantee assistance in selecting
appropriate conventional, secondary, advanced, alternative, or innovative techno-
logies; publish and actively disseminate materials on latest technological findings;
and expand design feedback efforts to help ensure that engineers, States and muni-
cipalities select the most appropriate cost effective technologies. Pending 1986
publication of final regulations, EPA will issue guidance and provide technical
assistance to States and grantees on sludge management programs and practices.
EPA will continue to review Advancer) Treatment (AT) projects with incremental
costs above $3 million in Headquarters and others in Regions.
Expenditures for the Corps of Engineers interagency agreement in 1986 will
total $18,342,500 including $17,842,500 in 1986 funds and $500,000 from prior year
funds. The $17,842,500 request for the Corps of Engineers will purchase 390 work-
years of effort to provide construction management support and assistance to EPA
and the States. The Corps will emphasize training of selected States to accelerate
delegation of construction management activities in addition to its traditional
construction management activities at about 1,150 active construction projects
and participate in approximately 108 Construction Management Evaluations (CMEs)
and 300 Project Management Conferences (PMCs).
To reflect EPA and delegated States' experience, findings from Inspector
General (IG) and General Accounting Office (GAO) reports and statutory changes,
consolidated program guidance will be revised. Tightened procedures to prevent
bidrigging will also be implemented. Construction Management Evaluations will
continue to be used as a management tool in providing general oversight of the
construction grants program. A report will be issued on findings of over 200 CMEs
to identify trends. Guidance will be issued on contract bidding and specifying,
conduct of pre-application conferences and financial management capability to
ensure that grantees have the financial and management capability to support their
projects.
Headquarters will work with Regions to eliminate all remaining step 1/2 back-
logs, continue to complete and closeout projects in a timely manner, resolve 'claims
and appeals of EPA/State decisions, and reduce excessive unliquidated balances.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$107,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$814,400 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
WQ-83
-------
1985 Program
In 198F>, the Agency is allocating a total of $56,040,600 supported by 548.5
total workyears for this program, of which $22,967,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 533,073,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation. A special appropriation of $13,000,000 is being used to
support the operation of a solid waste disposal facility in Akron, Ohio.
In 1985, the POTW Funding Task Force is completing its findings on funding
strategies to promote long-term State and local self-sufficiency in financing
wastewater treatment and long-term municipal compliance. Workshops will be con-
ducted to assure that Regional and State program managers are adequately informed
about potential new directions. The Administration will propose to Congress in
1985 its recommendations on future funding of the construction grants program
and appropriate Federal and non-Federal roles.
In accordance with the Agency's oversight policy and experience in managing a
fully delegated program, Regional staff are continuing to work with the States to
refine oversight systems and' approaches which recognize Federal-State roles and
responsibilities while maintaining Federal accountability for national goals and
use of public funds. Findings from prior year Internal Control Reviews of the
Construction Grants program will be implemented. During 1985, reviews on grantee
project management controls in the areas of construction management, land acquisi-
tion, financial management and operation and maintenance will be conducted.
EPA is working closely with the States to' ensure orderly implementation of
the 1981 statutory changes coming into effect in 1985. The 1984 Needs Survey will
be published in 1985 and present for the first time water quality and use improve-
ments for each of 314 sub-basins. EPA is implementing the Financial Management
Capability Policy and conducting workshops on review procedures and technology
selection.
The Agency will propose sludge management regulations, issue further revisions
to secondary treatment regulations and provide implementing guidance .for State and
local officials. EPA will submit to Congress a study of Regional and State manage-
ment of Advanced Treatment reviews. We will also award the remaining funds for
Marine Combined Sewer Overflow projects.
The Corps of Engineers continues to assist EPA and the States to ensure
project construction integrity. The J15,973,500 funding level will purchase 405
workyears of effort and provide 13% of the total construction grants program staff.
The Corps will continue its traditional pre-construction and construction management
activities and maintain on-site presence at large complex projects. The $1,250,000
allocated for operator training will be targeted to States providing .effective
on-site assistance to operators in small facilities with compliance problems.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net dpcrease of -$1,287,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,511,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-5161,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net decrease of
-$1,350,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$41,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty whicTi were notf~reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$38,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$3,800 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
WQ-84
-------
-Pay Raise. (+$266,500) This program was increased by +$266,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency oblig-ated $41,168,000 supported by 538.6 workyears for
this program. Of which $20,560,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 520,607,500 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In anticipation of the Clean Water Act reauthorizaton hearings, EPA formed a
POTW Funding Task Force to examine alternative approaches for Federal and non-
Federal financial involvement in municipal wastewater treatment. Five major fund-
ing options were evaluated including: municipal financing, municipal bonds with
credit enhancements, Federal loans, Federal grants, and capitalization grants for
State Revolving Funds.
In 1984, EPA initiated Internal Control Reviews of the national Construction
Grants program under the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act. Seven priority
areas were evaluated including State priority systems, appropriate technology and
facility sizing, claims and change orders, bidding and specifying, financial cap-
ability, value engineering and operation and maintenance.
EPA promulgated the final Construction Grants program regulations, issued the
Financial Management Capability Policy and obligated $31,502,800 for Marine Com-
bined Sewer Overflow projects meeting national priority criteria.
The Agency's AT policy was published to provide for a consistent national
approach in reviewing AT projects. Regions reviewed 147 AT projects, referring 20
with over $3 million in incremental costs to Headquarters for final review and
approval.
In 1984, 885 projects were physically completed and 883 closed out. Under
the interagency agreement totaling $16,000,000, the Corps performed 1,270 bidd-
ability and constructahility reviews, managed 58% of active projects under con-
struction, performed interim inspections on 1,229 projects, conducted 610 final
inspections, and maintained on-site presence at large complex projects. Addi-
tionally, $2,621,000 for operator training was awarded to States and national
organizations to provide on-site permit compliance_ assistance to operators at
small facilities.
WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,527,700 supported by 34.3 total workyears
under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.. This represents a decrease of
$65,800 and no change in total workyears. The decrease to Salaries and Expenses
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
In support of the National Municipal Policy, staff will continue to assist
enforcement staff in the development of Composite Correction Plans (CCPs) and
Municipal Compliance Plans (MCPs) for those facilities not meeting their NPDES
permit. EPA will work with States in implementing procedures for engineering
firms to supervise first year plant operation and personnel training. Staff will
also continue to monitor State operator training activities supported with prior
year Congressional add-on funds.
Based on the 1985 Operator Training Report to Congress and results of the
Internal Control Review on Operation and Maintenance, EPA will develop and
implement needed policies and guidancp. Staff will continue developing incentive
WQ-85
-------
awards programs, leveraging construction and State grants, providing technical
information and assistance, and maintaining effective coordination among EPA and
State construction grants, enforcement, permitting and operator training programs.
19B5 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985. the Agency is allocating a total of $1,593,500 supported by 34.3
total work years under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The inpact of the grantee first year performance certification requirements
contained in the 1981 Amendments are beginning to be felt significantly in 1985.
Additionally, EPA is managing active State operator training grants supporting
on-site assistance and operations and maintenance training to operators in non-
complying plants, monitor and evaluate State operations and maintenance programs,
and prepare a followup Report to Congress. The report on development of wastewater
treatment plant operator training programs for improved publicly owned treatment
facilities compliance will include a multi-year plan for ensuring self-sufficient,
compliance oriented State training programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +J8,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$8,400) This reprogramming. reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund thp expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease nf
-$8,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$16,700) This program was increased by +$16,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accompli shments
In 1984 the Agency obligated a total of $1,414,100 supported by 32.5 total
workyears for this program under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
EPA assisted States and grantees in developing improved operations and
maintenance and operator training programs. Additionally, staff managed 1982 and
1983 operator training funds and awarded $2,625,000 for that purpose. Approximate-
ly 850 small communities in 48 States were provided on-site assistance and training
to resolve operations and maintenance problems that prevent plant compliance. Of
these, more than 350 plants were brought into compliance and nearly 150 more
significantly improved performance. EPA also submitted a preliminary report to
Congress on operator training.
WQ-86
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement WQ-88
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-92
Permit Issuance WQ-93
WQ-87
-------
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WQ-88
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,064,400 supported by 392.4 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $1,382,300 and 21.5 total workyears from 1985. Of the
request, 515,062,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,001,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $681,500 and $700,800, respectively.
Program Description
Water Quality Enforcement -- The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES)EnforcementProgram (including pretreatment) covers compliance
monitoring, inspections, compliance strategy development, administrative enforce-
ment, and technical support for judicial enforcement actions. Major functions of
this program include identification of noncompliers, initiation of informal actions
to secure compliance, and initiation of Administrative Orders (AOs) and follow-up
to ensure compliance with order requirements. Where informal negotiations and
administrative enforcement actions do not achieve compliance, cases are forwarded
for judicial action and appropriate technical support is provided.
In addition to the NPDES portion of the Water Quality Enforcement Program,
administrative and technical support is provided for the issuance of admini-
strative enforcement actions against violations of the Spill Prevention Control
and Countermeasure Plan requirements. Referrals are made to the U.S. Coast Guard
for civil penalty assessment for oil and hazardous substance spill violations
(Section 311(b)(6)(A)) in waters where EPA has jurisdiction, and inspection support
is provided for enforcement against illegal dredge and fill activities (Section
404).
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
19R6 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,064,400 supported by 392.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $15,062,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,001,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This is an increase of $681,500 and $700,800, respectively, and an
increase of 21.5 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased workyear support for the municipal compliance and pretreatment enforce-
ment initiatives of the program. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects increased technical support for municipal and pretreatment compliance
acti vities.
Two major initiatives will he emphasized in 1986. The first will focus on
continued implementation and enforcement of the National Municipal Policy (NMP)
to ensure that all POTWs (Publicly Owned Treatment Works) comply with applicable
requirements of the CWA by the 1988 statutory deadline. EPA will establish enforce-
able schedules for all major facilities that need construction to meet statutory
requirements and completed P.L. 92-500 minor facilities that are not in compliance
with final effluent limits. Increased emphasis will be given to the initiation
of referrals, especially for major facilities that have not yet established
schedules to meet requirements by 1988 or that fail to implement schedules
which have been previously established.
VIQ-89
-------
The second initiative will be to take appropriate enforcement actions to
assure implementation of the national pretreatment compliance strategy. EPA will
overview implementation of pretreatment programs by approved States and POTWs.
EPA will also enforce where POTWs have not submitted required programs and will
initiate appropriate enforcement against Industrial Users (Ills) in such areas.
Approximately 93 AOs and 25 referrals will be initiated to enforce requirements in
cases where POTWs have failed to implement the program or where IDs discharing into
unapproved POTWs have failed to comply with categorical standards.
Along with these two initiatives, EPA will focus on ensuring compliance by
major industrial permittees, POTWs, and other permittees where noncompliance
threatens public health or water quality objectives. EPA will continue to rely
upon increased use of less resource intensive Compliance Evaluation Inspections to
obtain maximum coverage with available resources. Total inspections (2100) will
remain at approximately the same level as 1985. Support will continue to be
provided to help NPDES States develop their enforcement management systems and
maintain their data systems. AOs and Notices of Violations, including the 93
pretreatnent AOs, will total 601 in 1986. Civil and criminal litigation actions
will total 166 in 1986.
Resources in support of non-NPDES enforcement will remain unchanged from
1985.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$45,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$11,000 in the.Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation (or Research and Development appropriation as appropriate)
reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,682,100 supported by 370.9
total workyears to this program, of which $14,381,000 is for Salaries and Expenses
and $1,301,100 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1985, the program continues to emphasize achieving an improved rate of
municipal and industrial compliance. Aproximately 689 AOs and Notices of Violation
will be issued for violations of NPDES requirements. Along with 124 civil and 2
criminal cases under the NMP, Regions and States will update municipal strategies
and issue AOs or initiate referrals against POTWs violating enforceable schedules
and/or permit limitations. Additionally, priority continues to be given to
enforcement actions against POTWs that have not submitted required pretreatment
programs.
The compliance program is encouraging the development of greater State tech-
nical expertise and will encourage States to assume more responsibility for
compliance monitoring activities. Also, a revised Compliance Inspection Strategy
is being developed. An estimated 2,100 compliance inspections will be conducted
by EPA during 1985. Quality assurance will continue to be emphasized as an impor-
tant part of the program. The Permits Compliance ADP System (PCS), used by both
States and Regions, is being maintained and upgraded. Increased State direct use
of PCS and interface with existing State systems and PCS is being encouraged.
Non-NPDES administrative enforcement activities are expected to result in
approximately 313 actions under the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures
program, 770 oil and hazardous substances spill referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard
and 108 dredge and fill compliance inspections.
l/Q-90
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$370,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$468,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$468,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$81,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$81,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$180,300) This program was increased by +$180,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984 the Agency obligated a total of $13,271,000 supported by 359.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,039,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $231,500 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
Contract resources were used to meet ADP information needs, provide technical
and legal case support, and conduct monitoring and inspection training. During
1984, the activities supporting enforcement actions in emergency situations invol-
ving substantial threats to public health and safety received the highest program
priority.
In 1984, the national permit . compl iance rate for POTWs was 89 percent for
major municipal dischargers on final effluent limits. The national permit compli-
ance rate for industrial and other nonmuncipal dischargers was 94 percent for major
permits.
Regional Offices conducted approximately 2,400 compliance inspections, issued
94 Notices of Violations and 1,644 Administrative Orders. In States without
approved NPDES programs, EPA reviewed major dischargers' self-monitoring reports.
Technical support was provided for the development of 90 civil and 4 criminal cases
which were referred to Headquarters for review.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
consisted of 401 referrals to the U.S Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties
and 288 administrative actions for violations of Spill Prevention, Control and
Countermeasure Plan requirements. Enforcement of Section 404 dredge and fill pro-
visions focused on identifying illegal discharges of dredge and fill material.
Thirteen administrative actions were taken.
WQ-91
-------
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WQ- 92
-------
'WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,520,600 supported by 334.0 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $1,684,700 and a decrease of 5.7 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $12,451,400 will* be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,069,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
a decrease of $319,000 and an increase of $2,003,700, respectively.
Program Description
Permit Issuance -- The Clean Water Act (CWA) authorizes a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to reduce or eliminate point
source pollution. The discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States by
point sources is prohibited unless in compliance with an NPDES permit. At present,
36 States and one Territory have approved NPDES programs. EPA issues NPDES permits
in the remaining jurisdictions.
Currently, the NPDES program is focusing on control of toxic pollutants
through technology-based and water quality-based limits in NPDES permits, imple-
mentation of the pretreatment program for indirect discharges to publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) and approval of local and State pretreatment programs (24
States are approved to implement pretreatment programs).
The NPDES program also allows permittees and interested parties to request
evidentiary hearings on permits and variances from certain permit effluent limita-
tions.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1986 Program Request •
The Agency requests a total of $18,520,600 supported by 334.0 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $1,684,700 from 1985. Of the request, $12,451/00 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $6,069,200 will be for the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $319,000 and an increase
of $2,003,700, respectively, and a decrease of 5.7 total workyears. The increase
in Abatement, Control and Compliance will be directed to pretreatment implementa-
tion to Regions, approved pretreatment States and approved POTWs, support for
evidentiary hearings, and technical assistance to States for pretreatment and
regular NPDES permitting. The decrease in workyears and in Salaries and Expenses
reflects the reduced workload for EPA because of the substantial progress in
eliminating the backlog of EPA-issued major permits by the end of 1985.
During 1986, the highest priority will be to issue permits in areas with
water quality problems and to incorporate permit limits based on newly promulgated
effluent guidelines. New controls on toxic effluents will be based on biomonitor-
ing. Industrial permits with reopener clauses will be modified to incorporate
new conditions based on biomonitoring studies, new wasteload allocations, changes
in NPDES or effluent guidelines regulations and best management practices. Munici-
pal permits will also be reissued or modified to incorporate final 301(h) decisions
(coastal outfalls), requirements for implementing approved pretreatment programs,
biomonitoring, revised definition of secondary treatment, water quality standards
and removal credits. During 1986, EPA will issue 187 major industrial permits
WQ- 93
-------
and 216 major municipal permits. Continued emphasis will be given to issuing
other priority permits including new source permits, general permits for categories
of similar dischargers and smaller facilities that impact water quality uses,
particularly those with toxic discharges.
In 1986, EPA will continue to review and evaluate requests for fundamentally
different factor, water quality (including thermal), and economic variances as
well as requests for compliance date extensions for innovative technologies. The
relative emphasis of the 301(h) program will shift from issuing permits to managing
and analyzing permit monitoring data. EPA also expects to resolve about 104 evi-
dentiary hearing requests and to promulgate new simpler application forms for some
types of facilities.
Emphasis will continue on developing new State NPDES programs and required
program modifications. Two States will receive full NPDES authority and seven
States will revise their programs to assume pretreatment and/or federal facility
permitting authority. EPA will assist NPDES States in reducing their backlog of
expired major permits, primarily through technical assistance and training.
During 1986, the quality assurance program for NPDES permits will continue to
be a priority. Activites include review of selected permits, mid-year Regional
and State program evaluations, review of Memoranda of Understanding, review and
assistance in correcting legally deficient State programs, and evaluations of
approved POTW and State pretreatment programs.
EPA will continue to review and approve the remaining local pretreatment
programs that are required by Federal regulation. The major effort for 1986 will
be implementation, and in some cases modification, of approved programs. Changes
due to local limitations, sludge or toxic pollutant limitations for POTWs and
removal credits authority will force changes to approved programs and permit modi-
fications. The review of removal credit applications from POTWs, baseline moni-
toring reports from indirect industries and annual reports on pretreatment program
status from POTWs will continue or increase in 19P6. The overview of approved
programs by use of on-site audits will accelerate and may result in program modi-
fications. A pretreatment regulation revisions package will be promulgated.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$33,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$253,900 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,835,900 supported by 339.7
total workyears for this program, of which $12.,770,400 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,065,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1985, efforts are continuing toward meeting the goal of eliminating the
backlog of expired major permits to be issued hy EPA, especially in water quality
impacted areas and where BAT guidelines have been promulgated. EPA will issue
172 major industrial and 256 major municipal permits. Emphasis also continues on
issuing general permits.
In 1985, EPA continues to review and evaluate fundamentally different factor,
water quality, and economic variance requests. In a'ddition, EPA is reviewing re-
quests for extensions of BAT compliance deadlines where innovative pollution
WQ-94
-------
control technologies are to be demonstrated. The Agency is continuing to review
301(h) applications, issue decisions and permits expeditiously, and assure that
POTWs are implementing approved monitoring programs. An estimated 114 evidentiary
hearings will be resolved in 1985.
During 1985, one State will receive full NPDES authority and six NPDES States
will receive approval for pretreatment and/or federal facilities permitting. To a
limited extent, EPA is assisting NPDES States in reducing their permit backlog. In
addition, EPA is reviewing the quality of selected NPDES State permits and State
regulations to ensure consistency with NPDES regulations and the CWA.
EPA will continue to review, approve and assist in development of local pre-
treatment programs. By the end of 1985, all 1,530 POTW programs should either be
approved or subject to enforcement action for failure to submit required programs.
EPA will also act on POTW applications for removal credits, review baseline
mom'toring reports, make industrial user categorical determinations and continue
to overview approved pretreatment programs.
In 1985, NPDES regulations governing certain variance and extension pro-
visions will be promulgated and regulations promulgated in 1984 will be defended
against legal challenge.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net incrpase of +$95,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA' Preprogramming. (-$53,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$53,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$16,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramning limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$16,500 to the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$165,000) This program was increased by +$165,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $14,662,200 supported by 286.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,386,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,275,400 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In 1984, EPA issued a total of 769 major and 1,287 minor permits. Of these
2,056 permits, 1,428 were industrial (471 najors) and 628 were municipal (298
majors).
In 1984, one State was approved for full NPDES program administration, one
previously approved NPDES State received pretreatment authorization and one re-
ceived Federal facility permitting authorization.
During 1984, EPA continued to assist POTWs in the development of local pre-
treatment programs. EPA approved 228 POTW pretreatment programs (pretreatment
States approved 167). EPA began the review of State and local pretreatment pro-
grams, with the national pretreatment contractor conducting seven State program
audits and 21 local program audits.
EPA promulgated final rules concluding rulemaking initiated by the settlement
of NPDES issues with industry litigants and the removal credits portion of the
pretreatment regulations.
WQ-95
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER DW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Hater Research DW-8
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-22
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-23
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance DW-26
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-29
Special Studies & Demonstrations.^ DW-30
Training DW-30
Dri nki ng Water Management DW-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-34
Underground Injection Control Program DW-36
Ground-Water Protection DW-39
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement DW-44
DW-1
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DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA) assigned EPA the responsibility for
ensuring that the Nation's drinking water supplies are free of contamination which
may pose a public health risk. In addition, the Act mandates a national Under-
ground Injection Control (DIG) program to protect underground sources of drinking
water.
EPA is required to set national drinking water standards for public water
systems and minimum requirements for the Public Water Systems Supervision (PUS) and
the UIC programs. Tne States retain the 'lead role of administering and enforcing
regulatory provisions. Only if a State fails to assume primary enforcement respon-
sibility does EPA directly implement and enforce a regulatory program. In assuming
primacy, the States may establish more comprehensive and stringent standards and
provisions. The Act prescribes Federal financial and technical assistance to States
to help them carry out their responsibility. EPA has also developed a Ground-
Water Protection Strategy and created an Office of Ground-Water Protection to
focus action under all current authorities to protect the Nation's ground water.
A deliberate strategy of encouraging State primacy as the first step for the
PWS program has produced virtually nationwide delegation. The pooling of Federal-
State resources has led to marked progress in PWS compliance. EPA is trying to
build a similar record of successful delegation for the emerging UIC program.
The inaccessibility of the ground-water environment makes finding and remedying
contamination once it occurs very difficult, which puts a premium on preventing
contamination through careful controls on potential sources. The Agency has just
completed nationwide implementation of UIC programs through a combination of primacy
delegations and direct implementation regulations.
Revise Current Health Protection Standards
Since 1977, EPA and the States have been exercising supervision of PWS
under Interim National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) based on his-
torical contaminants of concern in drinking water. The succeeding revised NPDWRs
are to stand, in contrast, as comprehensive protection against drinking water
contamination risks, incorporating the product of extensive scientific and health
research, treatment technology advances, and the experience EPA and the States
have had with interim regulations to reduce unnecessary administrative burdens.
Revised NPDWRs may take the form of enforceable Maximum Contaminant Levels
(MCLs) or treatment requirements, depending on whether monitoring at the system
level is feasible. In either case a risk assessment process precedes regulatory
proposal with prior establishment of a separate "Recommended Maximum Contaminant
Level" (RMCL) for every contaminant to be regulated.
NPDWR revision, across several kinds of contaminants, will proceed in phases:
Phase I addresses volatile organic chemicals frequently found in drinking water
supplies drawn from ground-water sources; Phase II pertains to about 50 contaminants
(pesticides and other organic compounds, inorganics and heavy metals, and microbio-
logical contaminants); Phase III will substantially revise standards for radionuc-
1 ides, both naturally occurring (radium, radon, uranium) and man-made; Phase IV
will address the broad issue of disinfection and disinfectant by-products in
conjunction with review of the Interim Trihalomethane MCI. A separate issue, the
reconsideration of the existing standard for fluoride, is on a separate schedule
as part of the Phase II regulations.
Complementing enforceable regulations are health advisories: nonenforceable
guidance dealing with the toxicology of unregulated contaminants. New advisories,
are being produced in conjunction with NPDWR revisions; these will be available
DW-3
-------
for use by State and local authorities to determine the need for response to
specific contamination instances. With new MCLs and advisories, there will be
standards prepared in 1986 for as many as 60 specific compounds. Other advisories
will*be prepared in conjunction with the unregulated contaminant surveillance
program and t^e pesticides contamination survey. Together, MCLs and advisories
will be applicable to other environmental programs with responsibilities to
limit human exposure to health risks.
Implement and Enforce Underground Injection Control
With nationwide UIC programs in place either through delegation or promul-
gation of EPA direct implementation regulations, the actual work of permitting
and assuring compliance with permit and regulatory provisions begins. Control of
underground injections is accomplished through a combination of design, operation,
siting, and engineering controls. Regulations may take the form of a facility-
specific permit or more general rule; in either case, operators have responsibili-
ties for monitoring and reporting and for periodically testing engineering controls.
The first priority in each program, whether State or EPA administered, is the
closure of shallow wells receiving wastes designated as hazardous (Class IV wells).
In order not to unnecessarily impede energy production, the program's second prior-
ity is permitting of new Class II wells (related to oil and gas production).
Because of the high volumes of hazardous wastes being injected, existing waste dis-
posal wells (Class I), along with high volume mineral extraction injections (Class
III), also have high priority. EPA will address the vast number of existing Class
II wells over a 5-year period. Delegated States have the option of regulating
existing Class II wells by rule rather than by permit.
Permit determinations (whether to issue or deny), review of wells authorized by
rule, failures to apply for permits and report on operations, and the other program
activities all generate an accompanying compliance and enforcement workload. The
objective of preventing endangerment to underground sources is compromised unless
unauthorized injections are safely discontinued through proper plugging and abandon-
ment procedures. Likewise, oversight "of authori zed _wells -is just as important to
ensure protection as laying down conditions in a p~ermit. Thus, a high priority
for both EPA and State programs is to establish a compliance presence, making
inspections and witnessing mechanical integrity tests, and taking appropriate
enforcement actions against violators.
Improve PWS Compliance with Applicable Standards
The principal nationwide PWS program compliance objectives include: 1) the
eventual elimination of all persistent violations of microbiological and turbidity
regulations; 2) the reduction of all MCL and monitoring and reporting violations,
even intermittent, to a minimum; and 3) the imposition of formal compliance schedules
on all systems in violation. As we make progress and the number of persistent
violators shrinks, the compliance effort will intensify. The remaining problems
include the small-scale systems with limited means to correct problems and recalci-
trant violators. Dealing with this requires the proper balance of intensive
technical assistance and resolute enforcement. Thus, both EPA and the States
will display a more visible enforcement presence in the future. While maintaining
progress in compliance with existing standards, EPA and the States must prepare to
apply and enforce new standards and regulations.
Anticipate and Address Future Contamination Problems
To be certain drinking water supplies are not endangered, EPA must detect
unrecognized or newly emerging health risks. To accomplish this, we will undertake
a monitoring effort to give both regulators and the public a more accurate picture
of the contaminants present now or in the future and the health risk they pose.
DW-4
-------
The Agency will promulgate regulations for a surveillance program under SDWA
Section 1445(a) to require contaminant monitoring beyond regulatory requirements.
This monitoring will give public-water consumers information on unregulated con-
taminants in the water they drink, help the Agency evaluate prospective health
risks, and guide future regulatory developments. The Agency guidelines, incorporat-
ing State input, will stipulate the spectrum of chemical contaminants that may
be monitored in water systems along with the analytical, sampling frequency, and
reporting requirements for each system. The Agency will supply health advisories
for the targeted contaminants so that the results of monitoring can be interpreted
properly.
Pesticide contamination of drinking water supplies and sources is an important
emerging problem. There are hundreds of constituent pesticide chemicals in use in
the United States that have t'oe potential for migrating into surface and ground
waters; a growing number of such chemicals are found in drinking water wells. The
Agency plans to obtain more systematic occurrence data to set priorities for standard
setting and to estimate the consequent exposure risk. The Office of Pesticides
Programs will use similiar data to determine any appropriate restrictions. The
two programs are working together in design of a nationwide survey and investigat-
ing alternative means to carry such a survey out.
Pursue Ground-Hater Protection
The Agency's principal objectives are articulated in the Ground-Water Pro-
tection Strategy published in 1984. Fi rst , the most effecti ve and broadly acceptable
way to increase the national capability to protect ground water is to strengthen
State programs. EPA will encourage States to make use of existing grant programs
to develop ground-water protection strategies and programs, and work with States
to develop institutional capabilities.
A second concern is to address the problems from contamination sources that
maybe largely unaddressed at a national level, particularly leaking storage tanks,
pesticide use, landfills, and surface impoundments. EPA is undertaking new evalua-
tions of the threats from these sources and appropriate controls under existing and
new legislative authorities. Third, a fundamental part of the Strategy is a policy
to set priorities for ground-water protection according to use and relative vulnera-
bility to contamination, based on three classes of ground water. The Agency will
issue guidelines for its decisions affecting ground-water protection and cleanup
to provide for greater consistency among separate programs.
Contnuje Research and Development
The Office of Research and Development provides direct input into the regula-
tory development process by providing current data on the toxicity of chemicals
of concern. The program also pursues longer term research to provide a more ac-
curate basis for future regulatory decision making. A major effort will be to
develop and apply less costly methods to establish the toxicological potential of
contaminants at low dosages and in conbinations. Research will continue to provide
assessments of treatment effectiveness and feasibility to support the development
of drinking water regulations.
The program helps to promote compliance by studying public water systems'
contamination proolems, providing data on cost-effective treatment technology for
small systems, and providing quality assurance for laboratory certification.
Research continues on post-treatment contamination problems that arise within
distribution systems, such as regrowth of microbiological contaminants, water
quality deterioration, and corrosion.
The Agency will pursue a coordinated ground-water research effort. The ob-
jective is to predict and estimate the movement, persistence, and/or transformation
of plumes of contaminants in tne subsurface environment as well as remediation.
Work will focus on improving the methods to investigate and monitor contamination.
DW-5
-------
DRINKING WATER
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Budget
Actual Estimate
1984 1985
Current
Estimate
1985
Estimate
1986
Increase^)
Decrease(-)
1986 vs. 1985
UIC Permit Determinations:
- for existing facilities,
by primacy States 200
- for existing facilities,
by EPA 2 30dl/
- for new facilities, by
EPA 100
Enforcement Actions - PWS:
Inspections N/A
Notices of Violation N/A
Administrative Orders N/A
Civil Litigation 29
Criminal Litigation 0
Enforcement Actions - UIC:
Inspections N/A
Notices of Violations N/A
Administrative Orders N/A
Civil Litigation 0
Criminal Litigation 0
Cumulative Outputs:
PWS Primacy States '. 52 -54
UIC Primacy States (full and
partial programs) 35 39
Designated Sole Source
Aquifers 17 20
Percent of Community Water
Systems (CWS) in Compliance
with Microbiological MCL 93%
Percent of CWSs in Com-
pliance with Microbiolog-
ical Monitoring/Reporting
(M/R) Requirements 79%
Percent of CWSs in Com-
pliance with Turbidity MCL... 97%
Percent of CWSs in
Compliance with Turbidity
M/R Requirements 92%
A/ 300 Includes new and existing wells
180
40
300
33
0
0
0
53
39
23
93%
85%
97%
92%
150
300
350
-30
+ 260
+ 50
41
0
0
0
53
42
27
93.5%
86.5%
97%
93%
+ 3
+ 4
+0.5%
+ 1.5%
+ 1%
DW-6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research DW-8
DW-7
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Drinking
Water Standards
° Reports on removal processes for organic, inorganic and mi crobi al contaminants,
and on undesirable disinfectant byproducts (Env. Technology)
° Report on cancer and reproductive hazards of principle contaminants of Drinking
Water (Health)
0 Testing and validation of methods for measurement of radi onuclides in drinking
water (Monitori ng)
0 Provide eleven drinking water criteria documents (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 2: Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking Water
Laboratori es
0 Distribution of quality control and performance evaluation samples for chemical,
radiochemi cal and microbiological drinking water analysis (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Muni-
cipalities in'Complying with Drinking Water Regulations
0 Report on technology to assist small water utilities in complying with drinking
water regulations (Env. Technology)
0 Report on corrosion prevention and control (Env. Technology)
0 Publication of Annual Summary of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks (Health)
0 Report on target organ toxicity of chemicals tested for health advisory develop-
ment (Health)
Objective 4: . Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater
Resources
0 Provision of data and methods to support groundwater regulations, enforcement
and management programs (Monitoring)
0 Evaluation and development of laser-induced fluorescence for monitoring ground-
water using fiber optics (Monitoring)
° Journal article on methods for identifying and characterizing subsurface mi cro-
bi al activity (Env. Processes)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objecti ve 1: Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Drinking
Water Standards
° Reports on evaluation of processes for removal of volatile organic compounds,
pesticides and other organics, and radionuclides (Env. Technology)
0 Report on field testing of various treatment systems for inorganics removal
(Env. Technology)
0 Report on the improved methods for Gi ardi a detection (Health)
0 Nine draft drinking water criteria documents (Sci. Assessment)
DW-11
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Objective 2: Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking Water
Laboratorles
0 Distribution of 55,000 QA and performance evaluation samples (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Muni-
cipalities in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations
0 Report on technologies appropriate to small communities for removing organic,
inorganic and particulate contaminants (Env. Technology)
0 Report on the performance of package plants (Env. Technology)"
Objective 4: Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater
Resources
0 Annual report on the use of fiber optics for monitoring groundwater contaminants
(Monitori ng)
0 Report on use of diverse surveillance data for determining major contributors to
ground-water-contamination (Env. Processes)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Drinking
Hater Standards
0 Summary statement on the operation and cost of granular activated carbon treat-
ment of drinking water (Env. Technology)
0 Report on the direct toxi cologi cal properties of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and
chloramine (Health)
° Report on effects of holding times and temperature on drinking water samples
(Monitori ng)
° Twenty-nine draft drinking water criteria documents (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 2: Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking Water
Laboratori es
0 Maintenance and distribution of 55,000 quality control and performance evaluation
samples and 5,000 calibration standards (Monitoring)
° Completion of methods studies for Trihalomethanes and Purgeables (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Muni-
cipalities in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations'
0 Report on new methods for studying the public health impacts of microinverte-
brates in potable water (Env. Technology)
0 Report on Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control Study (Env. Technology)
0 Publication of the Annual Summary of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks (Health)
Objective 4: Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater
•Resources
0 Successful application of time-domain electromagnetics at two sites in Osage
County, Oklahoma, to map intrusion of brine into groundwater (Monitoring)
0 Demonstration of the feasibility of fiber optics for subsurface in-situ detec-
tion of groundwater contaminants (Monitoring)
0 Evaluation of three methods for locating abandoned wells: record search, air-
borne magnetometer surveys and historical aerial photography surveys (Monitoring)
• ° Report on determining the location of abandoned wells (Env. Processes)
0 Report on determining the mechanical integrity of Class II injection wells
(Env. Processes)
DW-12
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,924,800 supported by 192.4 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $742,800 and an increase of 4.0 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $9,698,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$14,226,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$160,600 and a decrease of $903,400, respectively.
Program Descri pti on
The drinking water research program provides support to States and the EPA
Office of Drinking Water (ODW) in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
in the areas of contaminant occurrence and health effects, analytical methodology,
control technology and related costs, and the protection of groundwater resources.
Objective 1. Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Drinking
Water Standards. This activity provides information in the areas of scientific
assessment, health effects, and treatment technology to support the Office of Drink-
ing Water in developing revised regulations to control drinking water contaminants
under Section 1412 of the SDWA. It also provides analytical procedures for use by
the Agency, States, municipalities and system operators to monitor contaminants
pursuant to Section 1401 of the SDWA.
Objecti ve 2. Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking
Water Laboratori es. Thi s research provides analyti cal arid systems performance
procedures for on-site evaluation and certification of drinking water monitoring
laboratories and supports the mandatory quality assurance activities of all EPA
laboratories and offices. It also provides methods validation studies to support
drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) to be promulgated in 1986.
Qbjecti ve 3. Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and
Municipalities in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations. The health research
program assists States in ascertaining causes of waterborne infectious disease out-
breaks, improving reporting of these incidents, and determining the hazard to hu-
mans from exposure to infectious agents through drinking water. Health effects
data is developed to support Health Advisories. Engineering research focuses on
the compliance and reporting probems of small systems. These efforts provide tech-
nical assistance to States and municipalities as required by Section 1442 of the
SDWA.
Objective 4. Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground-
Water Resources. Thi s actTvTty provides the sci enti fi c basi s for the protection
of underground drinking water sources required to implement Section 1421 and 1414
of the SDWA.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $485,800 supported by 9.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $410,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $75,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This rep-
resents a decrease of $16,300 and no change, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reduc-
tions to pay and administrative services.
OW-13
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Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data Necessary for Drinking
Water Standards^ Research wi 11 support dri nki ng water criteria documents and
assessment documents for drinking water disinfectants and by-products and chemical
pollutants. ORD will continue to provide technical evaluation and support to re-
solve health issues that arise during regulatory development.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $502,100 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $427,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $75,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $237,700 total dollars from 1984.
The major di fference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program i s a re-
duction in 1985 in the number of drinking water criteria documents and assessment
documents for drinking water disinfection required by the Office of Drinking Water
(ODW). Eleven criteria documents on specific contaminants are being produced in
1985 compared to 31 in 1984.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$5,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$1,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. ( + $2,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$2,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$4,400) This program was increased by +$4,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $739,800 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $354,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $385,400 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the preparation of 31 criteria documents that
were used by ODW in developing Health Advisories and adjusted Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI) levels. These documents are used by ODW to estimate safe levels of
contaminants in the nation's drinking water.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,052,100 supported by 30.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,564,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,487,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $100,600 and an increase of $222,300 respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in Re-
search and Development reflects the need for additional resources for technical
DW-14
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assistance to Regional and State implementation of Underground Injection regula-
tions, and to investigate the effects of seasonal variation and sampling on moni-
toring results.
Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Drinking Water
Standards. This program will continue to provide analytical procedures to monitor
drinking water contaminants. Specific work will focus on improving coliform analy-
sis methods and evaluations and modification of procedures for a number of radio-
active contaminants. The methods development program will be expanded to include
new drinking waterr pollutants to support ODW regulations and related compliance
efforts.
Provide Quality Assurance Support to Agency and State Drinking Hater Labora-
torieTiThisactivitywillinvolve the development and distribution of 55,000
quality control performance evaluation samples for drinking water laboratory certi-
fication and evaluation. The national quality assurance program supports the SDWA
and National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR) by providing pre-
cise, accurate and reliable total measurement systems, quality control procedures,
and procedures for on-site evaluation and certification by EPA of laboratories
which conduct drinking water monitoring and analysis.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater Resources.
Expanded resources will provide technical assistance to Regional and State imple-
mentation of the Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations through location
of abandoned wells and determine the effects of seasonal variation and sampling
frequency on the accuracy and confidence of groundwater monitoring. Research will
also evaluate monitoring techniques identified in' 1985 such as the use of hollow
stem augers in difficult hydrogeologic conditions.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the'Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act which
requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, printing,
publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of $33,200
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of the above
categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,930,400 supported by 30.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,664,800 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,265,600 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $537,400 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is a slight
increase in methods validation to meet the new drinking water pollutant parameters
for radiochemical, chemical and microbiological analysis. This program is also
improving and updating existing measurement methods, and increasing the alternate
test procedures program. The increase in activity is providing some technical sup-
port of Regional programs for locating abandoned wells, and determining the effects
of seasonal variation and variability on the accuracy and confidence of groundwater
monitoring. The program is also identifying special hollow stem auger drilling
techniques for difficult geology, and field-evaluating promising methods.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$61,000 results from the following actions:
DW-15
-------
-Reprogramnri ngs. (-$75,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$62,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$13,200 to the Research and Development ap-
propri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$14,500) This program was increased by +$14,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,393,000 supported by 27.5
total workyears for this program, of which $1,414,800 was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $978,200 was for the Research and Development appro-
pri ation.
The program maintained and distributed 55,000 quality control and performance
evaluation samples and 5,000 calibration standards to Regional, State, local and
contract laboratories for analysis of public drinking water. Inter! aboratory meth-
ods studies for Tri hal omethanes and Purgeables were completed. The feasibility
of using fiber optic techniques for subsurface i n-situ detection of groundwater
contaminants was demonstrated and three'methods for locating abandoned wells were
compared.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,844,700 supported by 69.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,318,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,525,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $65,900 and $84,600, respectively, and an increase
of 7.0 total workyears. The increase reflects the need for additional resources
to develop and validate toxicological extrapolation models for contaminants in
drinking water which the Agency will regulate over the next two years.
Provide the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Drinking Water
Standards.Increasedresourceswillb"eused"to develop methods for improving
existing and proposed extrapolation models used in establishing drinking water
standards. Microbiological research will emphasize development and validation of
more sensitive detection methods, evaluation of newly identified pathogens and
analysis of the influence of various water treatment and distribution systems on
waterborne pathogens and disease.
Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in Complying with Drinking Mater Regulations. Research wi 11 conti nue at the same
level as i n 1985 to determine the drinking water infectious disease burden in the
U.S. through disease surveillance and analysis and epidemi ologi cal studies. Tech-
nical assistance will be provided to the Center for Disease Control, States and
municipalities in investigations of waterborne disease outbreaks. Innovative
methods will be developed and used to more effectively identify the causes of
di sease outbreaks.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
OW-16
-------
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $11,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $200,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,694,200 supported by 62.5
total workyears for this program, of which $3,252,900 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,441,300 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $1,401,900 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is the
initiation of epidemiological and clinical studies to determine the effects of
various drinking water disinfectants on cardiovascular disease in humans. In
addition, the toxi cological effects of characterized chemical mixtures found in
drinking water are being investigated.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$331,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$253,600) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$253,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$108,600) Several reprogrammi ngs were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$96,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$12,000 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$30,400) This program was increased by +$30,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $8,292,300 supported by 63.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,229,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,062,800 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
EPA provided considerable technical assistance to Pennsylvania to investigate
a major waterborne outbreak of giardiasis. An EPA-developed immune-fluorescent
antibody technique was used to identify the presence of Gi ardi a cysts in the water
supplies verifying the cause of the outbreak. EPA sci enti sts also participated
in a training course to teach water suppliers how to use this technique.
A peer review panel recommended four areas where EPA should use epidemiology
as a tool for determining the health effects of drinking water contaminants. This
report will be used to direct epidemiology research to areas with potential for
significant impact on developing drinking water standards. Also, a method was
developed to concentrate, grow, and quantify hepatitis A virus in culture from
dri nki ng water.
DW-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,101,300 supported by 59.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,932,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,169,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $176,600 and a decrease of $1,130,000, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased work on technologies applicable to small systems. The decrease in Re-
search and Development reflects completion in 1985 of a cooperative research agree-
me/it with the American Water Works Association Research Foundation.
Provi de the Health, Monitoring and Engineering Data for Dri nki ng Water
Standards.This program will continue to evaluate treatment processes for removal
of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants. This research will provide the
ODW with a data base for the next triennial revision of the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. Cost data will also be compiled for unit processes to
do cost-effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment systems.
Provide Health and Engineering Information to Assist States and Municipalities
in Complying with Drinking Water Regulations. In-house resources will increase for
research emphasizing technology particularly adaptable to small systems. Research
will continue to determine factors which contribute to deterioration of water qual-
ity in distribution systems and methods for controlling these factors. Technology
evaluation will continue to- focus on removing volatile organics and pesticides.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $20,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $130,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
j.985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,054,700 supported by 59.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,755,400 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $3,299,300 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $621,200 total dollars from 1984.
There are no major differences between the 1984 and 1985 programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$32,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$61,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$5,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$67,000 to the Research and Development ap-
propri ati on.
-Pay Raise. (+$28,800) This program was increased by +$28,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
DW-18
-------
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $6,675,900 supported by 70.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,247,900 was for the $alaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,428,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included reports on filtration to control Gi ardi a cysts,
aeration technology for reducing volatile organics in groundwater, treatment tech-
nology to control excess fluoride and lead, counteractive effects of disinfection
and corrosion control, costs of treating water for unit processes for small utili-
ties, and a novel method for studying the public health significance of microinver-
tebrates occurring in potable water.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,440,900 supported by 24.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,472,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation and $3,968,200 will be for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $35,000 and a decrease of $80,300, res-
pectively, and a decrease of 3.0 total workyears. The decrease in extramural
resources reflects a move toward fewer field studies, although the net effect of
the resource changes is to maintain the program at approximately the same level
as in 1985.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater Resources.
Research will focus on describing specific subsurface processes affecting the
transport and fate of contaminants. This program will continue to provide both
technical information and improved methods for predictive contaminant movement and
transformation. Information transfer activities will include support to the Na-
tional Ground Water Information Center and the International Ground Water Modeling
Center.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $9,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $80,300 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,486,200 supported by 27.5
total workyears for this program, of which $1,437,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,048,500 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $1,147,900 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is the
addition of research addressing: (1) an evaluation of State groundwater protection
programs; (2) evaluation of subsurface cleanup methods at one field site; (3) de-
velopment of methods for testing the integrity of injection wells; and (4) contami-
nation of soil and groundwater from the use of wastewater for irrigation (coopera-
tive research with the People's Republic of China).
DW-19
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$192,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$4,100) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net de-
crease of -$4,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. .(+$183,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramrm ng limitations. These
changes resulted in a net increase of +$70,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and a net increase of +$113,600 to the Research and Development appropn-
ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$13,400) This program was increased by +$13,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,338,300 supported by 23.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,142,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,195,400 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, published reports included: (1) Methods for Determining the Mechani-
cal Integrity of Class II Injection Wells; (2) Methods for Determining the Location
of Abandoned Wells, (3) Evaluation of Septic Tank System Effects on Ground Water
Quality; and (4) Handbook of Mathematical Models for Ground Water Transport. In-
formation and technical transfer activities included support of a number of sym-
posia and conferences as well as continuing support of the National Ground Water
Information Center and the International Ground Water Modeling Center.
i
DW-20
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-22
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-23
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance DW-26
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-27
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-29
Special Studies & Demonstrations DW-30
Training DW-30
Drinking Water- Management DW-32
Public Water Systems Super-vision Program Assistance DW-34
Underground Injection Control Program DW-36
Ground-Water Protection DW-39
DW-21
-------
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DW-22
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DRINKING WATE,R
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,539,SOU supported by 101.8 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of 5629,900 and 1.8 total workyears from 1985. Of the request,
55,436,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 55,103,000 will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a decrease of $121,300
and an increase of $751,200, respectively.
Program Description
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines: The program supports the Headquarters
component with responsibilities for implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
Two major functions are the focus of this program: regulations development and
review and national direction and implementation of the Public Water Systems
Supervision (PWS) and Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs.
EPA is required to review and revise the National Primary Drinking Water Regu-
lations (NPDWR) in light of the latest scientific data and evidence of contamination,
and, as necessary, to add new maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) or treatment re-
quirements for previously unregulated contaminants. In either case, a separate
"Recommended MCL" (RMCL) precedes regulatory proposal for every contaminant to
be regulated and represents the value at which "no known or anticipated adverse
effects on the health of persons occur and which allow[s] an adequate margin of
safety." Complementing primary drinking water standards are health advisories,
non-enforceable guidance for unregulated contaminants, which provide quantitative
limits for short- and long-term exposure, based on the available toxicological
evidence.
The Headquarters program shares in the implementation of the PWS and UIC pro-
grams by providing implementation tools (such as guidances and technical materials)
and technical assistance. This program also tracks national environmental pro-
gress: establishing performance measures and compiling data on national compliance
with PWS and UIC regulatory requirements. For this purpose Headquarters develops
and maintains automated data systems; it also maintains central financial management
and program planning responsibilities. EPA also has responsibility to provide
scientific and technical information to States, localities, and utilities.
CRITERIA, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,539,500 supported by 101.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,436,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $5,103,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $121,300 and an increase of $751,200, respectively,
and an increase of 1.8 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses re-
flects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase
in Abatement, Control and Compliance and total workyears will support a new initia-
tive to promote monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
The Agency will promulgate regulations to require contaminant monitoring
beyond regulatory requirements to give all public water consumers information on
unregulated contaminants in the water they drink, as well as help the Agency
evaluate prospective health risks. The Agency will supply health advisories for
every contaminant targeted so that the results of monitoring can be properly in-
terpreted.
DW-23
-------
The drinking water and pesticides programs will continue in their joint study
of a nationwide survey for a wide spectrum of contaminants as a means to establish
a reliable estimate of the exposure risk to the public. This study, which will help
the Agency set its priorities for future standard setting, involves using data on
pesticide use, chemical transport and fate characteristics, and site hydrogeology to
target sampling. -For those contaminants to be monitored, health advisories will be
prepared, using health effects data from both drinking water and pesticides programs.
EPA will promulgate the first revised NPDWRs, new MCLs for Phase I, volatile
organic contaminants (VOCs), in 1986. Within 18 months, EPA must be sure all State
primacy agencies have legal authority and administrative regulations to enforce
new MCLs. We will propose Phase II Regulations (inorganic, pesticides and micro-
biological contaminants) after public comment and review of RMCL proposals made in
1985. We will also propose RMCLs for Phase III (Radionuclides), after considering
the need for new standards for natural contaminants, such as radon and uranium.
Health advisories for those contaminants considered under Phases I, II, and III
but found unnecessary to regulate will be finalized and issued. Added to new
MCLs, standards for as many as 60 specific compounds will be available, with
applications in waste management as well as public health programs.
As the UIC programs move into operation nationwide, there will be an increased
demand on national managers to advise on or resolve technical issues on permitting,
well closure, inspections, and compliance. We will prepare various program and
technical guidances and compile nationwide data on compliance with UIC provisions
and environmental results of the UIC program.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction-of
-$10,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$241,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
19R5 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,909,600 supported by 100.0
total workyears for this program, of which $5,557,800 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,351,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
NPDWR Revision is the centerpiece of Headquarters PWS program concerns in
1985. Revised standards are being developed in phases across several different
kinds of contaminants. In 1985 we are promulgating RMCLs and proposing MCLs for
VOCs. Phase II RMCLs are also being proposed.
We are laying the groundwork for the forthcoming monitoring program for un-
regulated contaminants and a national pesticide contaminants survey. For the
former, we plan to propose regulations invoking Section 1445(a) authority to imple-
ment a monitoring program. For the latter, the planning and development of the
survey design continue.
With UIC programs effective in December 1984 in the remaining nonpn'macy
States, Headquarters is focusing on providing guidance and technical assistance
including completion of a national UIC compliance strategy and development of
compliance and environmental payoff measures.
DW-24
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$148,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$176,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resource's within the"~Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$17fr,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$21,000) Several r?programmings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -514,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$6,700 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriati on.
-Pay Raise. (+548,600) This program was increased by +$48,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $8,805,900 supported by 102.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,480,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,325,300 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency proposed RMCLs for VOCs (Phase I) in June 1984. Meanwhile, an
Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Phase II revision was published in October
1983. Work focused on review of public response as well as completion of supporting
health criteria documents and occurrencp data summaries for over 70 contaminants.
We began with the first year of data collection in the National Inorganic and Radio-
nuclides Survey, to generate a more thorough data base of national occurrence for
an array of contaminants (occurrences other than MCL violations for inorganics and
radionuclides) as well as testing new monitoring methods and designs.
Part of EPA's mandate is to prevent adverse health risks posed by either delib-
erate or incidental additives introduced into water systems, through product eval-
uation. In August, we published our intent to delegate the provision of advisory
opinions to manufacturers to a suitable indpppndent organization under close EPA
oversight.
In May 1984, EPA promulgated Federally administered UIC programs for 22 States
(and some Indian lands) along with regulatory amendments to put a ban on shallow
hazardous waste injection wells into effect. Following this effort, EPA developed
regulations for the remaining nonprinacy States and Indian lands.
DW-25
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DW-26
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance *
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $38,550,200 for 1986, a decrease of $500,000
from 1985. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
Program Description
The intent of the Safe Drinking Water Act is that States should assume the
primary role for implementing and enforcing the drinking water and the underground
injection control (UIC) regulations. Federal financial assistance, in the form
of grants, is provided to States to develop and maintain these programs. To be
eligible for grants, States must have primary enforcement responsibility.
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants -- The program provides grants
to States which have bpen delegated primary enforcement authority for implementing
a Federally approved Public Water System Supervision (PWS) program. EPA may also
use the funds allocated to nonprimacy States to defray the cost of Federal imple-
mentation of the program, including travel.
Underground -Injection Control Program Grants -- This program provides grants
to support State activities in implementing the UIC program. -As with the PWS
program, EPA may use the funds allotted to a nonprimacy State for program im-
plementation and travel associated with support activities in nonprimacy States.
Specia1 Studies and D em o n s t r a tions -- This program includes resources for the
National Rural Water Association for training and technical assistance to operators
of small rural water systems.
Training -- This program includes funds for fellowships to State personnel in
the PWS and UIC program areas and for academic grants.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,450,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $1,000,000 to support an enhanced compliance effort.
These funds will support programs to supervise the application of primary
drinking water regulations by public water systems in all 57 States and Territories,
as well as on Indian lands. During 1986, States will focus on improving the com-
pliance of community water systems with the regulations. States will work with
systems where compliance is declining or progress has not been made and will con-
duct spot checks to assure adequate enforcement. In cases of persistent violations,
where there is no evidence that systems will take corrective action, the States will
initiate enforcement actions. Another major activity results from the increasing
number of ground-water contamination incidents, requiring State officials to
gauge the public health risk and arrange the appropriate response. This involves
the collection and use of pertinent health effects and treatment information to
quickly formulate management options. Funds will also be used to assist States
with the adoption of volatile organic contaminants (VOC) regulations which must
be implemented within 18 months of promulgation. These VOC standards will contain
DW-27
-------
analytic and treatment requirements at levels of precision far beyond the existing
norm for the small, ground-water source systems which might he at risk. The States
will work with laboratories to make personnel and equioment available for VOC
analysis, train operators, and assist systems as required.
In addition to these priority activities, funds will be used for primacy pro-
gram activities including analytical services, sanitary surveys, training, data
management, disease surveillance and on-site technical assistance. Additionally,
the grant funds support activities such as data, administrative, and financial man-
agement, as well as training.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $28,450,000 for this program, all
of which is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Fifty-three States are expected to receive grants and EPA is using the funds
allocated to the remaining States for EPA direct implementation activities. EPA
is providinq transition assistance to Pennsylvania, which we anticipate will assume
primacy during 1985. The grant funds support basic PWS program operations, includ-
ing laboratory certifications, on-site evaluations of persistent violations, and
initiation of enforcement actions when necessary. States are assisting systems
in violation of the trihalomethane maximum contaminant levels and bringing them
into compliance or placing them on formal compliance schedules. They continue to
assist utilities with an increasing number of emergencies involving giardiasis,
cholera, hepatitis, etc., and respond to public water system contamination involving
underground sources of drinking water.
The grants also supoort program and data management, review of existing reg-
ulations, development of modifications in anticipation of promulgation of VOC
regulations, and employee training.
1985_Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$1,000,000 results from the following action:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,000,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within theAgency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$1,000,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
\
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $27,421,300 for this program, all of
which was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Fifty-three States received grants, including one developmental grant to
Pennsylvania. EPA used the funds allotted to the nonprimacy States for implementa-
tion of the Federal programs. State programs focused on imoroving compliance among
public water systems, and in particular among small systems, by developing compliance
strategies and goals. Although 1984 data is not yet available, we expect improved
compliance with both the turbidity and monitoring and reporting requirements. The
data collected in March 1983 demonstrates an improvement from 83.7% in 1982 to
89.5% in 1983. The number of formal State enforcement actions is also increasing.
DW-28
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UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 59,100,200 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $500,000 to augment surveillance and compliance activities.
These funds will support programs to protect underground sources of drinking
water from contamination through underground injection in all 57 States and
Territories, as well as on Indian lands. EPA will use grant funds allotted to
nonprimacy States to support direct implementation activities. During 1986,
States and EPA will focus on permitting, with the highest priority being new wells
associated with oil and gas production (Class II) to avoid delays in energy produc-
tion. States and EPA will then address the next priority, existing Class I (deep
well injection of hazardous waste), followed by existing Class III (mineral
extraction), new Class I, and new Class III wells. Primacy States are not required
to reissue permits for existing Class II wells, which are authorized by rule for
the life of the well. However, as these wells must meet most of the same require-
ments as wells authorized by permit, States must thoroughly review them at least
once every five years.
Grant funds will also support surveillance and compliance activities. The
program's primary means of surveillance is through the receipt and review of oper-
ation reports. For this system to be effective, there must be no question about
the credibility of operators' data. This requires the program to maintain an
effective verification effort. In addition, demonstrated absence of leaks is an
important element of compliance. Where violations are evident, appropriate en-
forcement action will be initiated.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,500,200 for this program, all
of which is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
By the end of 1985, we anticipate that 32 States will achieve full primacy and
seven States will have partial primacy. On December 30, 1984, EPA promulgated
direct implementation programs for additional States bringing the total number of
Federally administered programs to 21 full and seven partial programs. With
additional delegations, we anticipate the number of direct implementation programs
will decrease to 18 full and seven partial programs by the end of the year.
As in 1986, permitting new Class II wells is the highest priority, followed by
existing Class I and III wells, new Class I and III wells, and existing Class II
wells. We anticipate that the States and EPA will complete 125 Class I and 95 Class
III permit determinations for existing wells. In addition, EPA and the States are
expecting to conduct 16,700 file reviews for Class II wells and 22,100 mechanical
integrity test reviews. States and EPA are conducting on-site inspections of wells,
following up on violators of permit conditions, and initiating enforcement actions
as necessary.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$600,000 results from the following action:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$600,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$600,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
DW-29
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $7,290,500 for this program, all
which was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
of
Twenty-nine States achieved full primacy and six had partial primacy by the end
of 1984. These States issued permits for existing Class I and III wells and new
Class I! facilities, conducted assessments of Class V wells, ensured closure of Class
IV wells injecting into aquifers, witnessed mechanical integrity tests, reviewed
compliance monitoring, and conducted surveillance and inspection of permitted wells.
The Federally administered programs were implemented during the last quarter of 1984.
EPA administered 18 full and three partial programs. Approximately 100 permits,
mostly emergency, were issued during this period.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1986 Program Request
No funding is requested for this program. This represents a decrease of
$2,100,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The decrease
represents the Agency's position that the National Rural Water Association has
demonstrated the effectiveness of grass roots training and technical assistance
programs to benefit small systems and that the individual State associations should
be able to move toward self-sufficiency through the use of organizational dues and
training fees.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,100,000 for this program, all
of which is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds support the training and technical assistance activities of the
National Rural Water Association. The National Association, through its 31 current-
ly funded State associations covering 33 States, is providing guidance on ways
promote compliance among rural water-systems
more additional State associations in 1985.
The Agency expects to fund one
to
or
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,899,700 for this program, all of
which was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds supported the National Rural Water Association's outreach program.
The State associations funded a total of 323 workshops in 33 States to train
operators of small water systems.
TRAINING
1986 Program Request
No funds are requested for this program. This represents no change from 1985.
The Agency believes that there are sufficient opportunities for State personnel
to obtain training in environmental and public health fields without Federal support.
DW-30
-------
1985 Program
The Agency is allocating no funds for this program.
»
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -5214,000 results from the following action:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$214,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$214,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, thp Agency obligated a total of $199,200 for this program, all of
which was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The funds supported academic training for 123 State agency personnel. Of
these, 28 went to State personnel directly involved in State UIC programs and the
remainder provided training to employees directly involved in State PUS programs.
DW-31
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DW-33
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,544,900 supported by 286.4 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $439,100 and 20.0 total workyears from 1985. All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Pro gram Descri ption
This subactivity, which consists of two major Regional programs, encompasses
EPA Regional efforts to prevent and control the contamination of drinking water
supplies and their sources.
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance -- This program consists
of Regional activities related to national implementation of drinking water regu-
lations. The Regional Offices provide oversight and support to primacy States in
administering Public Water Systems Supervision (PWS) programs and implement pro-
grams in those States which do not have primacy aid on Indian lands where States
do not have civil jurisdiction. The Regions assist States where specific problems
are identified, evaluate State programs, and award the PWS grants. The Regions
continue to respond to contamination incidents which may potentially affect public
water supplies.
Underground Injection Control Program -- This program consists of Regional
activities related to the protection of underground water sources. The Regions
are responsible for ensuring implementation of the Underground Injection Control
(DIG) Regulations, either through oversight and assistance to primacy States or
Federal implementation in nonprimacy States and on Indian lands. They are also
responsible for review of sole source aquifer designation petitions. Grant awards
for the UIC program are administered by the Regions.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,923,000 supported by 132.4 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $149,800, which reflect Government-wide reductions to pay and adminis-
trative services and no change in total workyears.
Review of delegated State programs will be a major initiative. The purpose
of the review is twofold: (1) to enable the States to retain primacy by assisting
them in the adoption of volatile organic contaminant (VOC) regulations which EPA
will promuglate in 1986, and (2) to evaluate the operational effectiveness of
State programs in fulfilling the role of primacy agents. At the same time, further
progress in compliance with existing regulations will remain important. The Regions
will negotiate with the States to achieve, together, no more than 0.4% persistent
violations of microbiological and turbidity regulatory requirements in 1986, towards
the goal of eliminating persistent violations by 1988.
EPA will directly implement the program in four nonprimacy States and on
Indian lands. Attention will focus on the forthcoming implementation of the VOC
regulations; Regions will be engaged in assuring a sufficient laboratory capacity
for VOC analyses and working with utilities on analytic and reporting requirements.
EPA will intensify negotiations with Oregon and Indiana in an effort to delegate
the program by 1987. Although Pennsylvania will have primacy in 1986, EPA will
DW-34
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continue to provide transition support in such areas as data management, follow-up
of compliance, completion of formal enforcement actions, staff training, and other
appropriate activities.
t
The Regional program will play an instrumental role in the Agency's comprehen-
sive drinking water monitoring program designed to (1) assess the quality of drink-
ing water in public water systems across the country and (2) provide for rational
responses to detection of contaminants in drinking water. The Regions will respond
to the growing number of contamination incidents stemming from assessments of Super-
fund sites, monitoring in the vicinity of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
sites, and State surveillance programs. Instances of ethylene dibromide, BOB,
contamination problems in various States and ground-water contamination continue
to arise and require coordination with the Ground-Water Protection, Solid Waste,
and Superfund programs. The Regions will respond to contamination incidents
involving regulated and unregulated contaminants by helping States to interpret
health advisories, defining the urgency of the contamination problem, and identify-
ing available treatment technologies. With the State primacy agencies, they will
confirm the contaminant concentration levels and advise on the appropriate sampling
and analytical procedures, determine the health effects, investigate the pathways
of contamination, and advise on remedial measures, including treatment techniques,
alternate sources, and monitoring for follow-up purposes. Regional staff will also
be actively involved in investigating and controlling the causes of disease
outbreaks such as the continuing occurrences of Giardiasis.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor 'vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$7,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,072,800 supported by 132.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
We expect to delegate primary enforcement responsibility to one additional
State for a total of 53 primacy States. The Regions are working with the primacy
States in achieving increased compliance, particularly for microbiological and
turbidity maximum contaminant levels and for the inorganic and radionuclide stand-
ards. Compliance targets are being negotiated with States and follow-up actions
to ensure that the States are making progress in achieving their goals. They
are also negotiating specific annual targets for reducing the violation rate.
The Regions continue to provide assistance to States and utilities as they respond
to contamination of public water supplies.
The Regions are directly implementing programs in four States and on Indian
lands, with transition assistance being provided to Pennsylvania. Federal programs
are emphasizing improved compliance with basic microbiological and reporting
requirements among non-community water systems serving transient or intermittent
populations. The Regions are focusing on informal enforcement measures to assure
compliance including site visits. Systems are receiving assistance in implementing
and improving compliance with the trihalomethane regulations. EPA's efforts are
being supplemented with the use of PWS grant funds allotted to nonprimacy States
for conducting program activities.
DW-35
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$63,800 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net decrease of -$500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.
-Pay Raise. (+564,300) This program was increased by +$64,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,466,200 supported by 123.5 total
workyears for this program, of which 54,412,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $53,400 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
Significant program accomplishments fall in two major areas: State delegations
and compliance and enforcement. Regional efforts over the past several years
resulted in the delegation of primary enforcement authority to South Dakota. This
brings the total delegated programs to 52 or 91% of all 57 States and Territories.
In addition, the Regions have successfully initiated the first steps toward dele-
gating the PWS program to Pennsylvania with the award of a PWS grant which requires
a written intent to assume primacy.
Regional efforts with primacy States on their enforcement activities have shown
a significant increase in the number of enforcement actions. Additionally, the Re-
gions focused on improving national compliance with regulatory requirements for
microbials, turbidity, and monitoring and reporting. Special emphasis was placed
on the persistent violators.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,621,900 supported by 154.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $588,900 and 20.0 total workyears. The increase
reflects an expanded UIC permitting effort in nonprimacy States.
For EPA's direct implementation in 25 States (18 full, seven partial) and on
Indian lands. The UIC program implementation strategy for permit determinations
is to review all new Class II applications first in accordance with the statutory
mandate not to impede oil and gas production. The second priority, existing Class
I wells, reflects the Agency's concern about the disposal of hazardous wastes
through underground injection. Out of concern about potential contamination from
mining operations, Regions will review existing Class III wells. The Regions will
then review new Class I and III wells to ensure construction activities are not
hampered, and finally review existing Class II wells, which by regulation must be
permitted within five years of UIC implementation. An expanded permitting effort
will enable Regions to complete determinations on all existing Class I and III
applications, 20% of existing Class II applications, and new Class I, II, and III
applications. The Regions will also complete the assessment of Class V wells,
continue technical reviews of permit applications, maintain a current inventory of
all injection wells, witness mechanical integrity tests for some categories of
wells, review monitoring reports, maintain an accurate and current data base, and
conduct surveillance activities to ensure compliance.
DW-36
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The Regions will oversee and provide technical assistance to 39 States operat-
ing 32 full and seven partial programs. Oversight activities include evaluating
State implementation programs, working with the States to identify and address
compliance problems, negotiating annual program outputs to meet annual operat-
ing objectives, and verifying data to ensure accuracy of information used to report
environmental results.
Regions will continue to process petitions to designate sole source aquifers
and will continue to evaluate proposed Federally funded projects in designated
sole source aquifer areas to determine if any contamination potential exists and,
based upon the determination, make appropriate recommendations to the Adminis-
trator. In addition, they will provide hydrogeological assistance on ground-water
contamination incidents and emergency response, conduct grants and financial
management activities, provide training, and coordinate UIC activities with other
related programs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$5,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency, is allocating a total of $5,033,000 supported by 134.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Agency activities related to the protection of underground sources of drinking
water include oversight of States with primacy for UIC programs, implementation
of programs in nonprimacy States, designation'of sole source, aquifers, and Regional
management. Oversight of primacy States includes reviewing State activities to
ensure program consistency and evaluating environmental progress on ground-water
protection. The Regions are reviewing annual State compliance and monitoring
reports to assess compliance with the regulations as well as identify problem
areas and providing technical assistance on mechanical integrity testing and permit
application review.
Direct Federal programs in nonprimacy States are in the first full year of
implementation. During 1985, Regional activities are focusing on reviewing permit
applications in the same priority order as mentioned above for 1986, witnessing
mechanical integrity tests, and assessing Class V miscellaneous wells to de-
termine the need for regulation. They are also monitoring compliance reports and
providing assistance to the operators as necessary. The Regions are maintaining
inventory data and preparing an annual report of State activities. The UIC grant
funds will partially support these nonprimacy State activities.
In addition to protecting underground sources of drinking water from con-
tamination caused by improper injection practices, the Agency is responsible for
designating and protecting sole-source aquifers from contamination. Nineteen
petitions are currently under review. During 1985, the Agency expects to designate
six aquifers as sole sources of drinking water. The Agency is also responsible
for ensuring that Federally financed projects in the recharge area of a sole source
aquifer do not potentially contaminate the designated aquifer.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$451,800 results from the following actions:
DW-37
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-RCRA Reprogramming. (-5462,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$462,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$54,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$54,500 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$65,100) This program was increased by +$65,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental,
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,756,800 supported by 110.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Regions continued to process State primacy applications and negotiate
with States on program plans and implementation activities. By the end of 1984,
35 States had achieved primacy, with 29 having full primacy and six having partial
primacy. For those States with primacy, the Regional Offices reviewed compliance
and monitoring reports and provided guidance and assistance on mechanical integrity
testing and technical program requirements. They reviewed the States' annual re-
port data and processed the information for compilation into the annual report of
program accomplishments. They were responsible for managing the State grant pro-
gram, which included reviewing program plans, negotiating changes, awarding grants,
and auditing grants.
During the last quarter of 1984, the Agency began implementing Federal UIC
programs in nonprimacy States and on Indian lands. Activities focused on working
with facility operators to notify them of the UIC requirements and issuing permits
for existing Class I and III and new Class II facilities. In another effort,
Regions worked toward ensuring the proper closure of Class IV wells within six
months of promulgation and initiated the assessment of Class V wells to determine
regulatory need. Other activities included updating inventory data, reviewing
Class II well record files, and witnessing mechanical integrity tests. The Agency
used the UIC grants allotted to these nonprimacy programs to support its implemen-
tation activities.
Responsible for implementing the sole source aquifer program, the Regions
processed six applications and reviewed proposed Federally financed projects to
ensure they will not endanger the aquifer. In addition, they provided coordination
on ground-water activities. and conducted Regional management activities.
DW-38
-------
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DW-39
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DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,345,200 supported by 28.0 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $391,900 and 5.0 total workyears. Of the request,
$1,345,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and 51,000,000
will be for the Abatenent, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$88,800 ana $303,100, respectively.
Program Description
Ground-Water Protection -- The purpose of the ground-water protection program
is to focus action under current authorities to protect the Nation's ground water.
The program's major objectives include: building and enhancing institutions at the
State level; coordinating ground-water protection activities across EPA programs;
providing assistance in addressing problems that arise from major unaddressed
sources of ground-water contamination; and reviewing guidelines for EPA decisions
affecting ground-water protection and cleanup. Both Headquarters and Regional
staffs are supported by this program.
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,345,200 supported by 28.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,345,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $1,000.,000 wi 11 be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $88,800 and $303,100, respectively, and an increase
of 5.0 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses and total workyears
will provide additional Regional assistance to States in developing ground-water
programs. The increase in Abatement and Control will support the program's guide-
line development activities and examination of issues relating to unaddressed
sources of contamination.
EPA will continue to implement the provisions of the Ground-Water Protection
Strategy. Headquarters and Regions will further develop guidance on the use of
State grant funds for ground-water protection activities. Regions will work with
States to develop and implement coordinated ground-water work plans and to carry
out comprehensive ground-water protection programs. Headquarters and Regions will
jointly conduct State program development workshops to exchange information among
States and to 'identify common technical and management problems and experiences.
The Agency will implement the ground-water monitoring strategy, which will set
forth a cohesive EPA approach providing decision makers at the EPA, State, and site
manager levels the data necessary to make decisions relating to ground water. The
strategy includes all EPA programs responsible for ground-water monitoring and will
specify tasks which will cut across program areas. Workshops will be held with the
States to discuss the monitoring strategy and to assist States developing ground-
water data management systems. At least one manual for local managers, accompanied
by a Technical Advisory, will be developed. The manual will describe successful
practices for dealing with selected unregulated activities affecting ground-water
qua!ity.
During 1986, the Agency will issue and implement final ground-water protection
guidelines which take into account the value and relative vulnerability of the
resource. These guidelines will be incorporated into the policies, regulations, and
procedures administered by other Agency programs dealing with ground water.
DW-40
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Headquarters and the Regions will manage internal coordinating committees to
assure that major ground-water policy questions are addressed. External cordinating
committees will be managed to ensure involvement of key groups such as State and
local governments and other Federal agencies. A Memorandum of Understanding
between EPA and the U.S. Geological Survey will be implemented. We will coordinate
implementation of the recommendations made by a panel of ground-water experts on
the priority areas of ground-water research.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor venicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$8,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -534,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,953,300 supported by 23.0
total workyears to this program, of which $1,256,400 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 5696,900 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During early 1985, grant guidance was developed for the State ground-water
protection grants as provided for under section 106 of the Clean Water Act. Each
Region established an organization to make grants available to the States and and
is providing assistance to States as they develop and implement consolidated
ground-water management plans. Headquarters staff provide assistance to the
Regions in conducting State program development workshops.
A monitoring task force, composed of representatives from the States, EPA
Regional and Headquarters Offices, and the U.S. Geological Survey, has been estab-
lished to initiate planning for th~e development of a ground-water monitoring
strategy. A draft ground-water monitoring strategy will be issued in the Summer
of 1985.
Guidelines are being developed to define ground water to be protected and the
level of that protection for various kinds of ground water. These will apply to
all EPA programs which protect or clean up ground water. For example, work is
underway to develop a program to address pesticide contamination of ground water,
locational standards and guidelines under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, a Superfund cleanup policy for incorporation into the site assessment process,
and a program for regulating leaking underground storage tanks. Those programs,
frequently spanning several offices, are implemented by the primary office after a
coordinated approach is developed with the help of the ground-water protection
program. •
Two new permanent committees are being formed in 1985: 1) a committee of State
and local organization representatives to assure participation of State and local
officials in the development of ground-water policies and programs within EPA; and
2) a committee made up of other Federal agencies which have an interest in ground-
water protection to provide for an exchange of information and program coordination.
A Memorandum of Understanding is being developed between EPA and the U.S. Geological
Survey to clarify their respective roles in ground-water protection.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$681,200 results from the following actions:
DW-41
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-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$650,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-5650,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$42,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$40,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$1,300 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$11,200) This program was increased by +511,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency conducted the ground-water activities within the Drinking
Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines program.
The Ground-Water Protection Strategy was issued to set forth EPA's approach
to a coordinated ground-water protection effort and to focus current statutory
authorities to protect the Nation's ground water. The Headquarters Office of
Ground-Water Protection was established to implement the Strategy and an Agencywide
work plan was developed to measure overall progress. An Oversight Committee (four
Assistant Administrators and two Regional Administrators) was established to
provide general oversight and policy direction. A Steering Committee of Office
Directors and Water Management Division Directors was also established to assure
integration of the Strategy into EPA program efforts.
DW-42
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table o'f Contents
Paqe
DRINKING WATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinki ng Water Enforcement OVI-44
DW-43
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DRINKING WATER
Qrinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,346,800 supported by 33.7 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $18,000 from 1985. All of the request will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) charges EPA to establish minimum require-
ments for programs to assure that all drinking water supplies are free from reg-
ulated contamination and to protect underground sources of drinking water from
contamination arising from unsafe injection practices. The Act, however, clearly
intended that the States would be responsible for enforcing these programs. Should
a State be unable or unwilling to do so, EPA must assume the responsibility. This
program element includes both Headquarters and Regional resources.
Drinking Water Enforcement -- This program provides for enforcement responsi-
bilities mandated by the SDWA as they apply to public water systems (PWS) and
underground injection control (UIC) in both primacy and nonprimacy States. This
program also provides for administration of the UIC permit determination process
in nonprimacy States and on Indian lands.
Enforcement activites relating to the PWS program include providing support
in legal actions against violators of the statutory provisions in nonprimacy
jurisdictions. As part of this, the Regions are responsible for developing the
technical and supporting documentation for enforcement' actions, providing expert
testimony, and participating in negotiations with violators. Other enforcement
re_sponsibi lities include review of primacy applications for co.nformance with en-
forcement requirements and developing critical data relating to emergency act-ions
in the face of imminent health hazards under Section 1431 of the SDWA.
The UIC enforcement program performs support activities similar to PWS en-
forcement, for legal actions against violators of UIC provisions. It also
participates in the review of primacy applications, ensuring that all enforcement
requirements are met.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,346,800 supported by 33.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $18,000 reflecting Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services and no change in total workyears.
Regional PWS and UIC enforcement activities will focus on enforcing the
respective program requirements in those nonpn'macy States and on Indian lands for
which EPA has direct implementation responsibilities. EPA will develop notices of
violation and formal enforcement actions for Department of Justice (DOJ) referral
against persistent violators of the microbiological maximum contaminant levels
(MCLs) and prepare case documentations in coordination with the Regional Counsel's
Office to assure appropriate and accurate data. While it is EPA's intent to promote
voluntary compliance with UIC requirements coming into effect, development of simi-
lar enforcement actions may become necessary.
DW-45
-------
The keystone of the UIC regulatory program, permitting, provides the most
effective means to protect underground sources by taking into account site-specific
factors while managing the controlled disposal of hazardous wastes and other fluids.
Consulting UIC technical personnel, the Regional enforcement staff will process
the permit applications and perform the administrative activities such as setting
up preappllcation conferences and public hearings, reviewing public comments, and
similiar activities associated with permit issuance. The technical review of
permit applications is provided for under the UIC Drinking Water Management program.
Priorities for issuing UIC permits are consistent with those identified for the
technical program. The Regional enforcement staff will complete permit determina-
tions on 650 applications.
At the national level, staff will coordinate referrals to DOJ for civil ac-
tions against PWS and UIC violators with EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring (OECM). Headquarters will develop and maintain a tracking system to
improve case monitoring. Staff will revise enforcement strategies for the PWS
program to reflect new regulatory requirements.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,364,800 supported by 33.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Staff are focusing on compliance with microbiological and turbidity MCLs,
particularly among small systems. As part of this compliance effort, the enforce-
ment staff" are working with the drinking water program personnel in negotiating
compliance targets and schedules with the systems in violation of MCLs. They are
continuing to supply the technical support in legal actions taken against recal-
citrant violators. This includes developing the technical and support documentation
for cases referred to OECM and ultimately DOJ , as well as providing testimony. They
also are providing support for cases referred by State authorities which choose
to pursue violations under Federal law.
Regional enforcement activities for the UIC program are focusing on the
administrative aspects of permit issuance in nonprimacy jurisdictions. This
involves the administrative review of the application, work with the drinking
water personnel on the review of the technical aspects, conduct of hearings as
required, and issuance of the final permit. They are reviewing compliance reports
to ensure adherence to the regulations, and, as necessary, initiating enforcement
actions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$23,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net de-
crease of -$1,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
DW-46
-------
-Reprogrammings. (-$38,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$38,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$16,300) This program was increased by +$16,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Program Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $896,000 supported by 23.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
The enforcement program worked closely with the drinking water program in
implementing the compliance strategies for PWS supervision programs and with the
States in developing compliance targets and providing alternate ways through which
compliance can be achieved and maintained, especially for small systems. They
conducted the enforcement aspects of Federal programs in six nonprimacy States
and on Indian lands, initiating formal enforcement proceedings against recalcitrant
violators (resulting in fifteen DUJ referrals), preparing backup and technical
documents for OECM, and providing testimony in support of the cases. They also
reviewed the enforcanent section of primacy applications.
During 1984, the Regions began implementating UIC programs in nonprimacy States
and on Indian lands. The Regions established permit determination procedures for
processing applications from these nonprimacy jurisdictions. Although implemen-
tation did not occur until the last quarter of 1984, the Regions issued a number
of permits, mostly emergency. They also reviewed additional primacy applications.
DW-47
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research HW-10
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-25
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste HW-27
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air & Radiation HW-30
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water HW-31
Fi nancial Assi stance HW-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States HW-34
Hazardous Waste Management Compliance Grants HW-36
Hazardous Waste Management Initiative Grants HW-36
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants HW-37
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HW-38
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-40
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-44
HW-1
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HW-2
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1934 to the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) provide the legislative mandate for a greatly expanded and
accelerated nationwide program to manage hazardous wastes from generation through
disposal. Congress recognizes that much remains to be accomplished in protecting
the public health and environment from current hazardous waste management practices.
Numerous wastes are still unregulated, and disposal practices, particularly at
many land disposal facilities, do not adequately protect ground or surface water.
Many facilities are not in compliance with our less stringent interim status stand-
ards and some States lack the legal authority and resources to take enforcement
action in a timely and appropriate manner. To overcome these obstacles, EPA has
developed a strategy which encompasses six major objectives. These are: (1) imple-
ment strong State programs; (2) improve permitting performance; (3) strengthen
compliance monitoring and enforcement; (4) develop new regulatory programs; (5)
review existing regulations; and (6) conduct research and development to support
regulatory programs.
Implement Strong State Programs
The effective management of hazardous wastes rests in a strong Federal/State
partnership. To establish and maintain this relationship, EPA will continue
to help States to assume full authorization by providing direct program assist-
ance, training, guidance, and financial support. In addition, the Agency will
assist the States in upgrading their program capabilities to meet changing Federal
standards. The Agency and the States will continue to operate within the Interim
National Criteria. These criteria define the key factors and performance expecta-
tionsfor maYTagi rig and evaluating the RCRA program under regulations and policies
developed prior to the 1984 Amendments. They are elaborate in scope and form the
basis for the State grant work program, program reviews, and other State oversight
tools. In 1985, this document will be revised to reflect the 1984 Amendments.
Existing 1985 State authorization schedules should not change as a result of
the Amendments. The States will need to examine the new requirements and begin to
develop schedules for State program revisions. Such new schedules will be included
in the 1985 grant work program as "revision plans". Headquarters, Regions, and the
States will be jointly involved in examining existing State statutory and regulatory
authority for the new requirements. The plans will indicate what new authorities a
State must obtain, whether statutory or regulatory amendments are needed, and the
schedule for obtaining the amendments and the subsequent authorization.
Improve Permitting Performance
A major objective of EPA's National Permits Strategy (NPS) is to permit all
land disposal facilities by the end of 1988 and all incinerator facilities by the
end of 1989. This objective is consistent with the provisions of the 1984 RCRA
Amendments. As part of the NPS, EPA and the States will accelerate their permit-
ting efforts by requesting all remaining land disposal and incinerator permit
applications by the end of 1985 and provide national direction for developing in-
dividual State strategies for addressing their total facility permit workload.-
Permitting activities will be significantly affected by the 1984 Amendments,
resulting in a more extensive permit processing program. A revised NPS will be
prepared to reflect the requirements of the 1984 Amendments. All permits issued
after November 8, 1984 must incorporate many new provisions (i.e., double liners,
corrective action for prior releases, exposure assessments). In addition, permit
applications must be submitted by November 1985 for land disposal facilities;
November 1986 for incinerator facilities; and November 1988 for all other facili-
ties. If a facility does not submit its application by these dates, it will lose
interim status and must close.
HW-3
-------
Submission and review of additional information related to new requirements
will add time to the permitting process, thus affecting previously planned outputs
that would otherwise be expected. Not only will the length of the permit process
he extended, but the new requirements also entail additional effort on each permit.
In many instances, EPA and authorized States will be involved in a joint
permit process. Permits currently in process must address the new requirements
before issuance. In authorized States, EPA will be responsible for preparing a
portion of the permit that incorporates new provisions of the RCRA Amendments.
Therefore, issuance of a valid RCRA permit in authorized States will be accomplish-
ed through joint permit processing with EPA until States are authorized for the
new provisions.
Between 1985 and 1986, a major shift in overall permitting workload will occur
between EPA and the States as an additional 17 States receive final authorization
for the base RCRA program. Cumulatively, this amounts to 52 States and territories
by the end of 1986. Because of this, the States portion of the permit processing
workload will increase significantly between 1985 and 1986 while EPA workload
shifts more towards detailed reviews of State permits, program oversight and tech-
nical assistance.
Strengthen Compliance Monitoring And Enforcement
The number of handlers subject to the RCRA regulations, as amended, will
greatly expand, Hue primarily to the regulation of small quantity generators and
underground storage tanks. New and innovative approaches will have to be designed
to create a credible compl iance monitoring and enforcement program. The Agency will
also explore different techniques, including the use of non-government inspectors,
for inspecting and enforcing RCRA requirements for the newly regulated community.
In support of the permitting activities and as a result of the new Amendments,
interim status facilities must certify their compliance with groundwater monitoring
and financial responsibility requirements by November 1985 or face loss of interim
status which could lead to closure. Also, inspections of these facilities must
occur at a minimum of once every two years. The new Amendments also mandate the
annual inspection of Federal, State, and local government owned or operated facili-
ties. Further,'as a 'result of the minimum technology requirements, 'facilities
must be monitored for compliance with the double liner and leachate collection and
removal systems requirements.
The RCRA enforcement program will initiate appropriate administrative, civil,
and criminal enforcement actions when violations of the program are discovered.
Corrective action enforcement authority at interim status facilities for prior
releases and off boundary contamination are among the new RCRA enforcement author-
ities. The program will continue to emphasize timely and appropriate enforcement
action for late or incomplete permit applications, non-compliance violations, and
interim status violations. The implementation of the Enforcement .Response Policy,
Interim National Criteria and Civil Penalty Policy will lead to significant improve-
ments in the rate of compliance with the RCRA program.
Develop New Regulatory Programs
Probably the most challenging provisions of,the new law are those that ban or
restrict the disposal of hazardous waste on land. Most hazardous wastes are
managed by depositing them into or on the surface of the land. Many of these
wastes are placed in surface impoundments, injected into underground wells, or
dipsosed of in landfills, land treatment facilities, or waste piles. All of these
facilities could potentially release hazardous materials into the environment.
Because the new law puts into place provisions that will severely restrict the
disposal of waste on the land, a shift towards the reduction of waste generation,
recycling, and the use of more sophisticated treatment and destruction techniques
will occur.
HW-4
-------
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-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate
1984 1985 1985 1986
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1986 vs. 1985
Incremental Outputs
RCRA Standards _4 22
Proposal s 2
Promulgations 2
Section 3001 Listings 2 11
Proposal s 2
Promulgat ions
Implementation
Guidances 17 20
Reports to Congress -- 4
States with Authorization
Phase I only 45
Phase I & II 25
Ful'l 4 36
Permit Call-Ins 1,193 34_2
EPA 537 137
State 656 205
Final Determinations 669 73_4
EPA 301 . 294
State 368 440
Permits-in-Process 1,953 2 ,295
EPA 879 918
State 1,074 1,377
Enforcement Actions
Inspections
EPA I/ 981 2/ 1,399
State 3 ,598 7/ 12,236
Notices of Violation
EPA 324
States 1,025 2/
Administrative Orders
EPA 355
State 364 2/
Civil Litigation
EPA 3/ 34
States 173
16
To"
6
Ji-
ll
3
58
4
31
565
254
311
_212_
116
2,306
1,036
1,270
1,867
8,649
105
1,977
428
2432
35
131
20
12
8
17
31
2
17
502
~9Q
412
1,804
324
1,480
2,172
9,662
130
2,540
550
2472
41
174
4-4
+2
+2
+3
-3
+6
-27
-2
-14
-565
-254
-311
+290
- 6
+296
-502
-719
+217
+305
+1,013
+25
+563
+122
+40
+6
+43
HW-7
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Budget Current Increase ( + )
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 vs. 1985
Incremental Outputs
Criminal Litigation
EPA 11 -- 33 35 +2
States 1
Cumulative Outputs
States with Authorization
Phase I only ....,....,
Phase I * II
Ful 1 ,
Permi t Cal 1-Ins
FPA ,
Statp
Final Determi nations
EPA
State ,
45
25
4
, . 3,377
.. 1,520
. 1 ,857
724
326
398
40
3,719
2,062
1,458
6?0
838
35
3,942
1,774
?,168
936
422
514
52
3,942
1,774
2,168
1,438
512
926
+17
_. _.
+502
+ 90
+412
I/ Includes compliance and oversight inspections only
2/ Major handlers only •
3/ Includes new civil referrals and support for on-going cases
HW-8
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research HW-10
HW-9
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HW-12
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
=S==================
Objective 1: Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments
0 Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sci. Assessment) '
0 Report on final evaluation of prescreen protocol (Health)
Objective 2: Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin
0 Report on field evaluation of alkaline polyethylene glycolate (APEG) complexes
to detoxify dioxins in Missouri soils (Env. Technology)
° Report on plant uptake of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes
° Report on fiber optic sensors for subsurface monitoring (Monitoring)
0 Report on vadose zone monitoring at land treatment facilities (Monitoring)
0 Reports on validation of four SW-846 analytical methods (Monitoring)
Objective 4: Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program
0 Report on performance evaluations of contract laboratories (Monitoring)
c Report on technical support to State laboratories (Monitoring)
Objective 5: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases
0 Report on management of high-strength spills and landfill leachates (Env. Tech-
nology)
0 Handbooks on hazardous releases prevention and removal (Env. Technology)
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support Development, Implementation and Enforcement
of the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Regulations
0 Updated design information on clay and flexible membrane landfill liners and
assess settlement and subsidence effects on landfill covers (Env. Technology)
0 Technology transfer reports on the effectiveness of alternative treatments for
banned wastes, and reports on incinerator and industrial boiler operating para-
meters to ensure proper waste destruction (Env. Technology)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments
0 Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on hydrogeological vulnerability classification protocol (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin
° Reports on analysis of tetrachlorodioxins by high resolution mass spectrometry
and development of analytical methods for chlorinated dioxins (Monitoring)
0 Field evaluation report on the mobile incinerator tests on dioxin-contaminated
HW-13
-------
soils in Missouri (Env. Technology)
0 Interim report on dioxin emissions from industrial boilers (Env. Technology)
° Report on the nobility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soils (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes
0 Reports on validation of four analytical methods in SW-846 (Monitoring)
0 Report evaluating Volatile Organic Stack Sampling Train method (Monitoring)
Objective 4_: Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program
0 Report on Hazardous Waste Materials Bank (Monitoring)
0 Report on development of standard reference materials (Monitoring)
Objective 5: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Control Hazardous Releases
0 Final report on Florida field sites evaluations (Env. Processes)
° Summary report on remote sensing for hazardous spills (Monitoring)
° Report on the design of waste lagoon leakage controls (Env. Technology)
Objective 6: Develop Data_to Support Development, Implementation and Enforcement
of the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Regulations
0 Report on evaluation of alternative approaches to meet hazardous waste land
treatment closure requirements (Env. Processes)
0 Report on status of underground storage of hazardous waste (Env. Technology)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments
0 Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on proposed in vivo/in vitro approach to the toxicological assessment of
hazardous waste (Health)
Objective 2: Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin
°- Initial study of dioxin mobility in contaminated soils (Env. Technology)
Objective 3: Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes
0 Report on downhole geophysical monitoring of groundwater contamination (Moni-
toring)
Objective 4: Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program
0 Annual report on status of Quality Assurance Materials Bank (Monitoring)
0 Report on performance of RCRA contract laboratories (Monitoring)
Objective 5: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases
0 Summary report on remote sensing and emergency support for hazardous
releases (Monitoring)
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support Development, Implementation and Enforcement
of the Treatment. Storage and Disposal Regulations
0 Reports on performance of eight hazardous waste incinerators (Env. Technology)
° Pilot tests on three innovative techniques to detect and locate leaks in land-
fill liners (Env. Technology)
HW-14
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,561,700 supported by 241.3 total work-
years for 1986, an increase of 58,477,200 and 3.2 total workyears from 1985. Of
the request, $13,935,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$35,626,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease
of $432,500 and an increase of $8,909,700, respectively. The large increase in
extramural resources responds to the need for new data and techniques to meet the
requirements of the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
Program Description
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify those wastes which pose a substantial hazard to human health
or the environment, and management standards sufficient to prevent such harm.
Research in this program provides the scientific and engineering basis for char-
acterizing and determining the extent of the problems and for formulating con-
trols.
Objective 1. Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk
Assessments. Research supporting this objective will provide more applicable, less
expensive, simpler, and more accurate risk assessment methodologies, as well as
actual risk assessments for decision-making.
Objective 2. Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address
Pi oxi n. Research supporting this objective will determine the nature and extent
of dioxin contamination in the U.S., evaluate the potential for human and environ-
mental effects, and determine the efficacy and costs of potential control tech-
nologies.
Objective 3. Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes.'
Research develops and validates the analytical procedures and techniques required
to characterize wastes for Sections 3001 and 3013 of RCRA. These are used for
listing and other regulatory decisions made by the Office of Solid Waste.
Objective 4. Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program.
A quality assurance program is being conducted to provide a scientific data base of
known quality to support RCRA regulatory activities. The program includes a repos-
itory of calibration standards, reference materials and on-site evaluations of con-
tractor laboratories.
Objective 5. Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases.
Research supporting this objective assesses the most cost-effective technology
and scientific techniques available to prevent and control releases of hazardous
substances so that emergency response personnel can direct countermeasure opera-
tions.
Objective 6. Develop Data to Support Development, Implementation and Enforce-
ment of the Treatment, Storage and Disposal Regulation's^Researchunderthisob-
jective develops FRe engi neeri ng a~ndtechnical i nformation necessary to support
the Agency in the development and revision of hazardous waste regulations and the
assessment of permit applications.
HW-15
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,799,700 supported by 22.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,165,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,633,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $200 and $228,000 respectively, and a decrease of
2.6 total workyears. The increased resources will increase the availability of
technical assistance to the Regions to provide more accurate and timely assessments
of risks posed by hazardous wastes. Additional resources will support assessing
the hazards associated with additional dioxin compounds and leaking underground
storage tanks.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments. Additional
resources will support provision of technical assistance to Regional permitters and
enforcement actions in the form of application and interpretation of new and exist-
ing exposure and health risk procedures and evaluation of existing health risk
data for determining the hazards represented by leaking underground storage tanks.
Health and Environmental Effects Profiles will be prepared to support RCRA 3001
listings of hazardous wastes. Risk assessment methodology will be revised to
accommodate new scientific information in such areas as metabolism and structure-
activity relationships.
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin.
Increased resources will expand exposure and risk assessment methodologies for
2,3,7,8-TCDD to include scientific advances and new information in the areas of
bioavailabi1ity and body burden. Assessment methods will be extended to additional
forms of dioxin -and dioxin-like compounds which have been found at sites containing
2,3,7,8-TCDD, in order to determine whether they also pose potential health threats.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,571,500 supported by 25.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,165,700 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $1,405,800 is for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $452,600 total dollars over 1984.
The 1985 program includes increased efforts to evaluate approaches to estimate
exposure and risk from various forms of dioxin. Assessment methods are being re-
vised to include recent developments in toxicology such as the use of structure-
activity relationships to predict exposure and risk. Increased resources also sup-
port preparation of additional Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, and the
development of monoclonal antibodies for dioxin isomers which can be used to screen
human populations exposed to dioxin.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$136,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramming. (+$124,100) A reprogramming was made to this activity
which was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This
change resulted in a net increase of +$124,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
-Pay Raise. (+$12,200) This program was increased by +$12,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
HW-16
-------
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,118,900 supported by 22.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,194,900 was for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $924,000 was for the Research and Development appro-
priation.
During 1984, Health and Environmental Effects Profiles were provided to
the Office of Solid Waste (OSW). Risk assessment methods for hazardous wastes
were also improved and documentation of chronic and carcinogenic effects were
provided to the program office for use in adjusting reportable quantities during
the year.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,654,700 supported by 47.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,736,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $11,917,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $163,500 and an increase of $5,682,400, respectively,
and an increase of 4.7 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The in-
crease in Research and Development will support the RCRA amendments and development
of additional field monitoring methods, validation of additional existing analy-
tical methods, detection and monitoring of leaking underground storage tanks, and
additional remote sensing support.
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin.
Research will produce interim and final guidance for sampling and analysis of air,
water, soil/sediment and fish for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and other chlorin-
ated hydrocarbons. Quality assurance standards and samples will be provided and
bioassay screening procedures will be evaluated for use in chemical detection.
Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes. Increased
resources will be used to validate additional existing analytical methods and dev-
elop new analytical methods and development of new subsurface monitoring methods
for use in the unsaturated zone around landfills. This research will help detect
leaks that could threaten groundwater. Also, existing methods for monitoring
leaks from underground storage tanks and Subtitle D landfills will be evaluated to
support development of new regulations required by the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program. The quality
assurance program willcontinue to provide calibration standards, referee analysis
and the repository of working standards. Additional resources will provide addi-
tional performance evaluation and calibration samples to State laboratories to aid
them in performing accurate sampling and monitoring. They will also support eval-
uation of the data available for Subtitle D facilities. This increase reflects
the increased role State laboratories will play in analyzing the growing volumes
of hazardous wastes.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. The pro-
gram wil 1 produce ten Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Studies and ten
to fifteen River Contingency Studies to meet Regional priorities. Additional
remote sensing will be provided for on-scene coordinators for cleaning up acci-
dental releases resulting from truck and train accidents and spills into navigable
waters.
HW-17
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,135,800 supported by 42.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,900,400 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and 56,235,400 is for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $2,489,100 total dollars over 1984.
Additional resources in 1985 are providing a higher level of effort for the
validation of existing analytical methods for characterizing hazardous wastes, and
for development of new methods. Current efforts are producing a standard analytical
method for monitoring at the parts-per-trillion and parts-per-quadril1 ion level for
2,3,7,8-dioxin. Additional quality control and performance evaluation samples
are being provided to private and governmental laboratories. Remote sensing and
subsurface methods are being developed to identify locations of waste leachates.
Stack sampling methods for detecting volatile and semivolatile organics in incin-
erator emissions are also being evaluated.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$16,600 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$37,400) Several re'programmings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$33,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$3,800 to the Research and Development appro-
priation.
-Pay Raise. (+$20,800) This program was increased by +$20,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $7,646,700 supported by 31.6 total
workyears for this program, of which 2,567,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,078,900 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Analytical methods for determining whether a waste should be considered haz-
zardous were developed, as were standard reference materials for validation of
these methods. Dioxin monitoring methods and surface and subsurface methods for
detecting leachate plumes were evaluated. Quality assurance support for contract
laboratories was provided through production of performance evaluation samples and
maintenance of the materials bank. Also, geophysical and groundwater monitoring
techniques were evaluated and reported on.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,769,900 supported by 12.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $832,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $937,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $68,400 and a decrease of $28,300, respectively, and an
increase of 4.0 workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects greater
use of in-house staff to conduct the health research needed to support program
office listing decisions.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments. Additional
resources will accelerate the development of a battery of bioassays into screening
HW-18
-------
protocols for determining waste toxicity. These tests are essential for deter-
mining the potential toxicological effects of complex mixtures of wastes which
require classification under section 3001 of RCRA.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,729,800 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which $764,200 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $965,600 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $751,800 total dollars over 1984.
The 1985 program increase reflects additional validation research studies of
the protocols for integrated, short-term prescreen and confirmation screen bioassay
test batteries. These studies determine if the methodologies being developed will
have the necessary sensitivities for the types and concentrations of chemicals
expected to be found in RCRA manufacturing residues.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$13,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramming. (-$16,900) A reprogramming was made to this activity
which wasnotreportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This
change resulted in a net decrease of -$16,900 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$3,900) This program was increased by +$3,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $978,000 supported by 4.8.total work-
years for this program, of which $328,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $649,800 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1984, the validation study was initiated for the in vivo/in vitro toxi-
cological screening protocols using a series of positive and negative control
compounds with well-known toxic human disease endpoints.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,681,100 supported by 101.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,083,200 will be for- the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $15,597,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $203,600 and an increase of $1,200,800, respectively,
and a decrease of 1.2 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses re-
flects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The in-
crease in Research and Development is in response to a need to evaluate additional
technologies to support decisions banning wastes from landfills, to support devel-
opment of new regulations governing the installation, design and monitoring of
underground storage tanks, and evaluating current practices -for handling high
volume mining wastes.
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin.
Evaluations of technologies for destroying or neutrali zing dioxinswil 1 be con-
tinued for APEG reagents, ultraviolet photolysis and other chemical and thermal
HW-19
-------
processes. New research will assess supercritical extraction techniques for dioxin-
contaminated soils, although overall resources for this objective remain the same
as in 1985.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Evaluations of
spill dispersants, nondestructive testing procedures and concentration and separa-
tion techniques will continue and reports will be issued. Manuals will be prepared
on the design of impoundment and waste lagoon leakage controls and on the preven-
tion of hazardous materials releases.
Develop Data to Support Development, Implementation and Enforcement of the
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Regulations. Increased resources will be used to
evaluate technologies which will support the RCRA amendments including evaluation
of alternative technologies for disposal of wastes banned from landfills; review
and revision of Subtitle D criteria for non-hazardous landfills and impoundments;
development of engineering information for controlling underground storage tanks;
and evaluation of the practices for use for managing mining wastes. Evaluations of
existing technologies employed for waste treatment and disposal will be continued
at the same level as in 1985. Included will be landfill liners and covers, leachate
collection systems, air emissions from waste facilities, industrial boiler opera-
tions, and incineration facilities.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,683,900 supported by 102.4
total workyears for this program, of which $5,286,800 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,397,100 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $3,158,500 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is greater
emphasis on the evaluation of existing alternative technologies for use .on wastes
which will be banned from landfills. The 1985 program accelerates research on the
movement of leachates through landfill liners and on design criteria for land
disposal facilities, with a focus on techniques for detecting and locating leaks
in liners. New work is aimed at the development of operational guidance for dis-
posal of wastes in industrial boilers. Research is also determining
-------
Major accomplishments included the assessment of current incinerator facili-
ties in meeting RCRA's destruction requirements, assessments of the effectiveness
and durability of a variety of liners under exposures of up to seven and one-half
years, completion of a handbook on the state-of-the-art of in-place treatment tech-
nologies for contaminated soils, and studies that established the feasibility of
using the mobile incinerator on dioxin-contaninated soils.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,656,300 supported by 58.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,117,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,539,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of 5134,000 and an increase of 51,932,800, respectively,
and a decrease of 1.7 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses re-
flects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase
in Research and Development reflects initiation of work on the transport and fate
of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, field evaluation of groundwater models, and
initiation of transport and fate research needed to address leaking underground
storage tanks in support of the RCRA Amendments.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments. Increased
resources will accelerate work in three areas needed to develop data and methods
which will assist the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) in listing and permitting de-
cisions mandated by Sections 3001 and 3004 of RCRA. First, data bases on activity
endpoints such as acute toxicity and bioaccumulation will be developed. Second,
soil microcosm systems will be developed and evaluated to determine the mobility
of wastes proposed as hazardous under Section 3001. In support of the leaking
underground storage tank program, a two-phase pollutant transport model will be
developed, as will methods for evaluating the effectiveness of corrective actions.
Field evalutions of groundwater contaminant transport and transformation models
will be conducted including models and scenarios currently in use by OSW. In coop-
eration with USGS, a field-evaluated protocol will be developed to determine a
site's vulnerability to groundwater contamination. Third, development of an ap-
proach for evaluating the tradeoffs offered by different waste treatment alter-
natives will continue.
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin.
Additional resources will support new research on the bioavailabi1ity and environ-
mental mobility of other isomers and dibenzofurans which pose potential threats to
human health. At this time, little is known about the behavior of these isomers
in the environment. Research will continue to determine both the potential bio-
availability through the human food chain and the potential mobility of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD dioxin.
Develop Procedures to Prevent to Contain Hazardous Releases. Additional
resources wil1support completion of the development, evaluation and demonstration
of a new multiple bioassay protocol 'for screening contaminated soil, water, and
sediments. The protocol will provide a basis for estimating the extent of contami-
nation, bioavailabi1tiy, and toxicity of hazardous substances in environmental
field samples.
Develop Data to Support Development. Implementation and Enforcement of the
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Regulations. Additional resources wil 1 support
evaluations of the effectiveness of in-situ clean-up technologies for leaking
underground storage tanks. Research will continue developing a technical data base
on the feasibility of land treating wastes which cannot be economically incinerated
or otherwise disposed. Bench-scale studies will be conducted for site selection,
monitoring, fate and transport models, organics degradation and pretreatment regi-
mens. These data are required for implementation of land treatment regulations.
HW-21
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,857,500 supported by 59.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,251,000 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $3,606,500 is for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $2,057,400 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is the
addition of resources for the development of bioassays a-nd predictive methods for
1isting/delisting decisions, screening methods for environmental mobility of RCRA
wastes, and prediction of environmental concentrations of hazardous wastes. This
work includes studies of waste migration, hydrogeology of waste sites, and con-
tainment techniques that will enable the Agency to assess the potential for ground-
water contamination and exposure to hazardous substances from landfills and surface
impoundments. Increased resources are also supporting studies of the accumulation
and uptake of dioxin in the human food chain.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$59,100 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramming. .(+$30,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of +$30,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$29,100) This program was increased by +$29,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,800,100 supported by 50.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,421,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,378,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the successful demonstration of the Kriging
technique as a means of identifying hazardous waste "hot spots". Short-term bio-
assays were shown to be useful in evaluating environmental impacts of .land treat-
ment of hazardous industrial waste. Assistance was provided on the application of
risk and uncertainty analysis to hazardous waste management decisions and on the
utility of surface and groundwater models for evaluating potential hazards from
waste disposal sites.
INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1986.
1985 Program
No resources have been requested for this activity in 1985. However, the
Agency has re-directed a total of $106,000 for this program, all of which is for
the Research and Development appropriation. Funds are being used for the reim-
bursement of architectural and engineering fees incurred by the Tufts University
Center for Environmental Management.
HW-22
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
• The net increase of +$106,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (+$106,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
was the result of the Conference Report for House Joint Resolution 648, which re-
quired EPA to provide resources for the reimbursement of fees incurred by the haz-
ardous waste management center for architectural and engineering studies. This
reprogramming resulted in a net increase of +$106,000 to the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,000,000 for this program from the
the Research and Development appropriation.
Accomplishments included completion of a research plan for the Tufts Univer-
sity multidisciplinary research Center for Environmental Management, and initiation
of six studies on the health effects of hazardous waste and control and monitoring
techniques.
H.W-23
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Pane
HAZARDOUS HASTE
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-25
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste HW-27
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air & Radiation HW-30
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water...' HW-31
Fi nanci al Assi stance HW-33
Hazar-dous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States HW-34
Hazardous Waste Management Compliance Grants HW-36
Hazar-dous Waste Management Initiative Grants HW-36
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants HW-37
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HW-38
Hazar-dous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-40
HW-24
-------
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $78,712,400 supported by 323.4 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $25,518,000 and an increase of 50.4 total workyears from
1985. Of the request, $16,656,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $62,056,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropri-
ation, an increase of $2,992,800 and 522,525,200, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies - Hazardous Waste — This Headquarters
program provides Tor tfn~emanagement oT th~enational Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program and the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984 (HSWA). Activities include: providing national oversight and
guidance for implementing consistent State and regional hazardous waste permitting
programs; providing guidance and technical assistance for implementing an effective
national compliance monitoring and enforcement program; promulgating and refining
requlations for the identification, tracking, management, and disposal of hazardous
wastes; conducting technical studies, regulatory impact analyses, and economic
analyses; and assessing control options and technologies necessary for regulatory
deci si on-making.
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air and Radiation -- This program provides
support for the implementation of air emission standards under the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The recently enacted 1984 RCRA Amendments require
standards for area sources at hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal fa-
cilities (TSDFs). This program assesses the nature and quantities of emissions
at TSDFs, develops emission modeling and testing methods, assesses public health
risks and evaluates emission control techniques from which cost-effective regula-
tions and standards can be promulgated.
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water -- This program provides support
for implementation of RCRA reauthorization requirements which impact water quality
and drinking water prograns. There are four major actions where the Office of
Water has assumed lead responsibility. They include §3004 review of disposal of
hazardous wastes into injection wells; §3018 study to investigate unregulated dis-
charges to publicly owned treatment works and related regulations; §3005(j) rules
and waivers for retrofitting surface impoundments; and support for the National
Ground Water Commission created under §704.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES, AMD POLICIES - HAZARDOUS WASTE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $69,915,500 supported by 303.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $15,724,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $54,191,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $2,398,300 and an increase of $17,225,200,
respectively, and an increase of 38.3 total workyears. These increases support
the Agency's efforts to list new wastes; ban wastes from land disposal; complete a
generic study en alternative treatment technologies; promulgate final rules for
small quantity generators, boilers, underground tanks, and used oil management
standards; and examine revisions to RCRA §4004 criteria for Subtitle D facilities.
HW-27
-------
Regulatory Development, Revision and Analyses -- In response to the 1984 Amend-
ments, the Agency will accelerate the regulatory schedules for wastes or processes
not currently covered under RCRA regulations. The Agency will promulgate regula-
tions for small quantity generators, administrative standards for boilers, and a
notification rule for underground storage tanks. Other storage tank activities
will include proposals for new tank performance standards and all tank standards
for petroleum. The decision to restrict certain wastes from land disposal will
focus on proposals for banning dioxins and solvents, evaluating petitions, report-
ing on alternative treatment technologies, and proposing effective dates for a land
disposal ban. In addition to'these activities, the Agency will propose or promul-
gate several listings of wastes from processes within the organic chemical industry.
The amended delisting procedures also will be promulgated.
The Agency will continue to review and revise existing hazardous waste regula-
tions. Major regulatory activities will include: a proposal for alternate concen-
tration standards for groundwater monitoring, a mandatory inspections rule, ground-
water (Subpart F) regulations, and regulatory amendments for liquids in landfills.
The Agency will conduct special analyses to ensure that regulations promulgated are
enforceable. Revised tank standards will 'be promulgated, and a report to Congress
on the dioxin strategy implementation will be prepared. The Agency will continue
to revise the RCRA Section 3004 facility standards and will issue guidances addres-
sing location standards and double liner requirements. Efforts to revise perform-
ance and operating criteria, if appropriate, for Subtitle D facilities will also
continue. The Agency will prepare a report to Congress on utility and mining wastes
and promulgate a mining waste exclusion reinterpretation.
Program Implementation and Pol icy Guidance -- The first priority will be to
oversee the completion of full authorization of States to administer their own
hazardous waste programs in lieu of the Agency. Both Headquarters and the Regions
will review complete applications for authorization against criteria for full
equivalence. The annual on-site program implementation reviews will continue.
The focus of these in-depth program eva-luations will be shifted to assessing
regional and State program performance consistent with the factors identified in
the Interim National Criteria.
The Agency will continue to send Permit Assistance Teams (PATs) to the Regions
to assist in permit processing. They will be responsible for reviewing and com-
menting on major (incineration and land disposal facilities) permit actions conduct-
ed by the authorized States. The Agency will provide guidance and training on a
wide range of permit and enforcement policies and procedural issues since there
will continue to be a need for assistance to permit writers and inspectors in
resolving site specific questions and issues in a nationally consistent manner.
The Agency will develop new or revised permit guidance manuals, and technical
resource documents to assist the Regions and States in implementing the CFR Part
264 hazardous waste land treatment, storage, incineration, and disposal facility
permitting standards.
This request will provide for technical enforcement case support and compliance
monitoring and enforcement guidance documents on ground water, corrective action,
administrative compliance orders, closure, and permit enforcement along with com-
pliance monitoring inspection support and guidance. Changes to the RCRA regulations
will require that various documents be updated to reflect regulatory and policy
modifications and new technical information.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$35,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decrease to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -51,482,600 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services. No impact is
expected since the reductions will be spread across a series of regulatory devel-
opment, guidelines and policy activities.
HW-28
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $50,292,000 supported by 265.2
total workyears for this program, of which $13,326,200 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $36,965,800 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compli-
ance appropriation.
Regulatory Development, Revision and Analyses -- The Agency is continuing to
develop regulations arid respond to accelerated Fegulatory schedules as specified
in the 1984 Amendments. The Agency is reporting on and proposing regulations for
small quantity generators, waste oil management, corrective action and financial
responsibility, manner and frequency of inspect ions,.and administrative standards
for boilers. Because of risks associated with current land disposal techniques,
the Agency is proposing a schedule for determining the restriction of certain
wastes from land disposal. The Agency is continuing to propose or promulgate the
listing of wastes produced by manufacturing processes within the organic chemical
industry. A revision to the definition of solid waste is also being planned.
Amended delisting procedures, an organic toxicity characteristic, and leaching
test methods are being proposed. The Agency is promulgating an interim prohibition
interpretive rule for the installation of new underground storage tanks.
The Agency is continuing to review and revise existing regulations. The
Agency is preparing reports to Congress on the Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund,
Subtitle D activities, and the feasibility of using non-government inspectors to
supplement EPA and State inspections. The Agency is issuing liner guidance and
corrective action guidance. To fulfill statutory obligations, a mining waste
exclusion reinterpretation and procurement guidelines are being proposed.
Program Implementation and Policy Guidance -- The RCRA implementation and
enforcement program is focusing on State authorization, permitting, and compliance.
Program activities include: developing program policy and implementation guidance;
providing permit assistance and training to Regions and States; providing direct
support and training for regional and State permit writers and inspectors; and
evaluating regional and State program quality. As a result of the 1984 RCRA Amend-
ments, Headquarters staff are assisting Regions and States in understanding the
effect that new regulatory requirements will have on State program development
and permitting and providing numerous activity-specific guidances. The National
Permits Strategy and Interim National Criteria are being revised. In addition,
Headquarters, in conjunction with the Regions and States, is developing plans for
revisions to State programs. The Enforcement Response Policy is being issued to
provide guidance on classifying violations, selecting the appropriate enforcement
action in response to various categories of RCRA violations, and taking Federal
enforcement action in States with authorized programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$12,042,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (+$12,116,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift
of resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net increase
of +$1,752,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase of
+$10,364,500 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In particular, these resources are being used for several regulatory develop-
ment activities including: banning waste from landfills, developing regulations
for underground storage tanks; listing new waste streams; and reissuing the criteria,
if appropriate, for Subtitle D facilities.
-Reprogrammings. (-$202,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$41,900 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$160,800 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
HW-29
-------
-Pay Raise. (+$129,000) This program was increased by +$129,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated 527,094,700 supported by 188.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,339,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $18,755,400 was for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Regulatory Development, Revision and Analyses -- The Agency continued to
develop regulations to fill gaps in the regulatory program. A survey of small
quantity generators (SQGs) was completed. As part of its efforts to govern the
management of hazardous waste generated by SOGs, the Agency began developing a
public education program to explain new requirements to SQGs. In addition, the
Agency completed a survey on handlers and burners of used oil and hazardous waste
burned as fuel. The Agency developed reports on alternative treatments for solvents
and dioxin-containing waste and initiated studies on alternate treatment technolo-
gies available to treat wastes likely to be banned from land disposal. In conjunc-
tion with land disposal restrictions, the Agency continued to test, document, and
propose the listing of wastes from processes within various organic chemical indus-
tries. The Agency proposed the listing of toluene di-isocyanate and proposed an
interim final rule for chlorinated aliphatics.
The Agency continued to review and revise existing hazardous waste regula-
tions, culminating in the promulgation of regulations establishing a national uni-
form manifest. The Agency initiated efforts to evaluate regulatory criteria under
Subtitle D. As part of this effort, waste management practices at municipal land-
fills were evaluated and appropriate technologies for these facilities and their
attendant costs were identified. In addition, a study of utility wastes was con-
ducted in preparation for a report to Congress.
Program Implementation and Policy Guidance -- Headquarters provided national
guidance to the Regions and States on RCRA implementation policies and requirements,
provided permit and enforcement guidance and training to the Regions and States,
reviewed State applications for full authorization, and evaluated 'regional and
State performance. The National Permits Strategy, designed to accelerate permit
processing, was issued. The Interim National Criteria was issued to implement
nationwide program performance consistency and provide oversight and compliance
guidance. The Agency issued the RCRA Civil Penalty Policy and developed and made
operational the Enforcement Response Policy which sets out an approach for strength-
ening the RCRA enforcement program by concentrating its efforts on the most serious
violators and by ensuring that these violators receive timely and appropriate re-
sponses. Permit Assistance Teams continued to provide technical and procedural
assistance for developing sound facility permits.
RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,110,700 supported by 8.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $345,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,765,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $94,200 and $1,200,000, respectively as well as an
increase of 2.1 total workyears. These increases support the development of air
emission standards for hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities
(TSDFs).
In 1986, the program will continue the RCRA work began in 1985 to support the
proposal of regulations for TSDF area source types. This will include an assessment
of the nature and quantities of emissions from TSDFs, development of emission model-
ing and testing methods, assessment of public health risks, evaluation of emission
control techniques and economic analyses. As a result of these efforts, the Agency
expects to propose regulations for tanks, containers, and transfer and handling
faci1ities.
HW-30
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,816,500 supported by 5.9
total workyears for this program, of which $251,500 is for the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation and Si,565,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1985, efforts are continuing on the development of air emission regulations
for'TSDF area sources under RCRA. Work in process includes the development of the
required information and data, as well as technical and economic analyses for the
regulation of these sources.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,816,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (+$1,285,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net in-
crease of +$85,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase
of +$1,200,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These resources provide immediate support for implementation of the 1984 RCRA
Amendments by initiating the development of air emission standards at hazardous
waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities.
-Reprogramming. (+$528,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$163,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of +$365,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compli-
ance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$2,900) This program was increased by +$2,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated no funds under this program since it was created in 1985 as
a result of the 1984 RCRA Amendments. However, approximately $957,000 was obligated
under the Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste program in 1984.
RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF HATER
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,686,200 supported by 11.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $586,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,100-,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $500,300 and $4,100,000, respectively,
and an increase of 10.0 workyears. The increase to both Salaries and Expenses and
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects increased Office of Water (OW) support
for implementation of the 1984 RCRA Amendments, particularly in the areas of haz-
ardous waste disposal in deep injection wells (§3004) and regulatory follow-up to
the pretreatment study (§3018). Support is also provided for guidance related to
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit modifications due
to the impact of the §3005(j) surface impoundment retrofitting requirements.
Under revised Section 3004 of RCRA, the Agency will determine for individual
wastes whether deep well injection is sufficiently protective of human health and
the environment or should be prohibited. The Administrator must prohibit such
disposal on a schedule starting 45 months after enactment of RCRA and ending 66
months after enactment. For banned wastes, treatment standards or levels for mini-
mizing threats to human health and th.e environment will be promulgated. The pro-
gram may also have to review particular injection practices in response to peti-
tions.
HW-31
-------
In order to make such determinations, the Office of Water will first review in
1985 the available information on the possible sources of waste release-. In 1986,
we will apply this data and generate data on transformation and transport of speci-
fic wastes in deep regions to derive an approach or decision rule and make determi-
nations according to the statutory schedule.
The Agency will prepare a report to Congress evaluating the existing pretreat-
ment controls on substances listed under RCRA and take actions where existing con-
trols are not sufficiently protective of human health and environment. The Office
of Water will complete the pretreatment study, evaluate control options and develop
regulatory approaches to control unregulated discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment
Works (POTWs). This will include evaluation of control options under existing Clean
Water Act authorities for the control of unregulated discharges to POTWs, including,
but not limited to, categorical pretreatment standards. We will also develop appro-
priate revisions to general pretreatment regulations and guidance for municipal per-
mit and pretreatment implementation activities.
The Agency also will set criteria for granting exemptions of existing waste-
water surface impoundments that meet the conditions set out in the statute. The
Office of Water will have responsibility for defining the statutory conditions re-
lated to the NPDES program. These conditions will constitute a significant portion
of the final criteria for review of exemption requests to retrofitting requirements
for surface impoundments. Finally, we will develop guidance on modifications to
existing NPDES permits and issuance of new NPDES permits based on the impact of
this RCRA provision.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,085,900 supported by 1.9 total
workyears to this program, of which $85,900 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,000,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program is developing a report to Congress investigating substances which
are not regulated under RCRA by reason of the exclusion for mixtures of domestic
sewage and other wastes that pass through a sewer system to POTWs. The'Agency is
investigating the types, size, and number of generators which dispose of hazardous
substances through sewer systems and identifying substances and sources of concern.
This involves analysis of data on specific industries, generators of hazardous
wastes, and POTWs, as well as limited field sampling to fill gaps in existing data.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,085,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (+$1,085,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net increase of
+$85,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase of +$1,000,000
to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These resources provide support for the implementation of RCRA reauthorization
requirements which impact water quality and drinking water programs, including a
study to investigate unregulated discharges to publicly-owned treatment works and
rules and waivers for retrofitting surface impoundments.
-Pay Raise. (+$900) This program was increased by +$900 reflecting the amount
requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated no funds for this program since it was created in 1985 as
a result of the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
HW-32
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $65,000,000 for 1986, an increase of $7,825,000
from 1985. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Program Description '
This program provides financial assistance to State governments to develop
and implement hazardous waste management programs under Subtitle C of the Resource'
Conservation and Recovery Act. States utilize these resources to develop, imple-
ment, and enforce programs that monitor and control hazardous waste from "cradle
to grave", including generation, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal.
One-time infusions of funds are being provided to accelerate permitting and
enforcement activities and to develop or implement State or local efforts not
directly permit-related such as siting, waste exchange and waste reduction. In
addition, this program provides financial assistance to State governments to
develop and implement underground storage tank programs under Subtitle I of the
1984 RCRA Amendments.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance- appropriation. This represents an
increase of $11,000,000. This level reflects an increase in permitting and enforce-
ment workload to support the goals of the National Permits Strategy as well as to
implement new program development, permit, inspection, and enforcement requirements
specified by the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
States that are awarded Subtitle C grants must either be operating a program
under interim authorization, and he working toward full authorization, or they
must have obtained full authorization. State grant targets are allocated on a
formula basis that accounts for a States population, number of hazardous waste
facilities, and amount of hazardous waste generated. The actual grant amount is
negotiated not only on the results of this formula but also on the needs and work-
load in each State. States are required to provide a 25 percent match in order to
receive these funds.
States will use these funds to continue progress towards full authorization.
States will submit applications for full authorization and work to ensure that their
programs are equivalent to the Federal program. Due to the 1984 Amendments, States
must also revise their programs to maintain equivalence with the Federal, program.
This will be a major activity for the States in 1986. The Agency has estimated
that by the end of 1986, 52 States will have received full authorization.
States will also play a strong role in national permitting efforts. The 1984
Amendments mandate that EPA and the States process permit applications for land
disposal and incineration facilities within four and five years, respectively. As
in 1985, almost half of the State grant resources will be earmarked for permitting
activities. Under the 1984 Amendments, authorized States and EPA will issue per-
mits jointly through Cooperative Arrangements until the States are authorized for
the new provisions. In order to expedite the processing of permits for new or
expanding facilities, States will devote sufficient permitting resources to respond
to all anticipated applications from these facilities. Of the permits in process,
it is expected that final determinations will occur for 412 permits.
HW-34
-------
The Agency will provide resources to the States to support the 1984 Amendments'
provisions for small quantity generators, underground storage tanks, double liner
and leachate collection and ranoval system requirements at land disposal facilities,
fuel labeling, and corrective action for prior releases. These resources will
increase inspections, record reviews, and enforcement actions for these provisions
which will be predominately State-administered. Requirements for small quantity
generators will be monitored by the States. Inspection of installation of double
liners and leachate collection systems will be predominately performed by State
inspectors. A joint partnership will be undertaken with the Regions and States to
conduct a vigorous inspection and enforcement program for prior release sites and
to oversee subsequent corrective actions.
The States,"in conjunction with the Regions, will continue their focus on im-
proving compliance with the interim status standards. States will perform an esti-
mated 9,662 compliance monitoring inspections. Emphasis will remain on evaluating
the adequacy of ground water monitoring systems. In addition, the States will com-
plete technical reviews of closure and post-closure plans and financial assurance
instruments for all non-major interim status facilities.
The goal of the State enforcement program will continue to be taking timely
and appropriate enforcement action. States will issue,' as necessary, administra-
tive enforcement actions, including warning letters and administrative orders, in
response to significant violations.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $47,000,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States are expected to focus 50 percent of their resources on permitting, with
new and expanding facilities and major facilities (i.e., incineration and land dis-
posal facilities) as priorities for processing. States under Cooperative Arrange-
ments are evaluating permit applications; however, EPA retains responsibility for
making the final permit decision of issuance or denial and for approving the per-
mit conditions. Under the 1984 Amendments, the joint issuance of RCRA permits in
authorized States must be accomplished through Cooperative Arrangements with EPA
until the States are authorized for the new provisions. It is estimated that final
determinations will occur for Hfi permit applications.
In conjunction with EPA, States are concentrating their compliance monitoring
and enforcement efforts on strengthening the enforcement presence in the regulated
community. State compliance monitoring activities are focusing on compliance with
the groundwater monitoring, closure and post-closure, and financial assurance re-
quirements. The States are conducting intensive groundwater monitoring inspections
which include a detailed technical analysis of groundwater monitoring systems
(i.e., placement and depth of monitoring wells). States are also completing tech-
nical reviews of closure and post-closure plans and financial assurance instruments
for all major interim status facilities. Where violations are detected, States are
initiating and following up on all enforcement actions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$10,000,000 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (-"Si 0,000,000) This restructuring created two new program
elements from Congressional Add-on funds to support the Hazardous Waste Management
Initiative Grants (S5.0M) and Hazardous Waste Management Compliance Grants ($5.0M).
This restructuring resulted in a net decrease of -510,000,000 to the Hazardous
Waste Financial Assistance program, Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropri-
ation.
HW-35
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $46,885,200•for this program, all of which was
from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. The grant funds sup-
ported continued authorization of substantially equivalent programs for interim
authorization, implementation of those authorized programs, and implementation of
the Federal program in unauthorized States through Cooperative Arrangements.
States were eligible to apply 'for interim authorization for Phase I, Phase IIA
(permitting of tanks, containers and piles), Phase I IB (permitting of incineration
facilities), and Phase 11C (permitting of land disposal facilities). By the end
of 1984, 45 States had received interim authorization for Phase I. Two of these
States had interim authorization for Phase II A, eight for Phase II A/R and 15 had
interim authorization for Phase II A/B/C. Four States had received full authoriza-
tion.
The National Permits Strategy (NPS) was issued to improve the timing, quality,
and management of the permitting of hazardous waste facilities. Consistent with
the intent of the NPS, the States in 1984 called in permits for 332 land disposal
facilities, 28 incineration facilities, and 296 storage and treatment facilities.
Final determinations were made on 54 land disposal facilities, 17 incineration
facilities, and 297 storage and treatment facilities.
State compliance monitoring and enforcement activities concentrated on those
handlers which posed the greatest potential for environmental problems such as
groundwater monitoring facilities. For major handlers alone, the States conducted
3,598 compliance monitoring inspections, and initiated 1,025 warning letters and
364 administrative orders.
HAZARDOUS HASTE MANAGEMENT COMPLIANCE GRANTS
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,ODD,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These re-
sources are being provided to State agencies to increase permitting and enforcement
activities in support of the National Permits Strategy (NPS).
States are using these funds to demonstrate how to accelerate implementation
of the NPS, which sets forth an ambitious policy for the expeditious request and
processing of RCRA permit applications. In 1986, these resources are provided under
the Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States Grant Program.
19R5 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$5,000,000 results from the following action:
-Restructuri ng. ( + $5,000,000) This reprogramming created the Hazardous Waste
Management Compliance grant program element from Congressional Add-on funds to the
Financial Assistance Hazardous Waste grant program. This restructuring resulted in
a net increase of +$5,000,000 to the Hazardous Waste Management Compliance Grants
program.
HAZARDOUS HASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE GRANTS
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,175,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These re-
sources are being used for a variety of activities not traditionally funded by RCRA
hazardous waste State grant funds.
HW-36
-------
These funds are being awarded to States for developing or implementing'State
or local hazardous waste management efforts not directly permit-related but focused
on innovative waste management activities, and for accelerating permit issuance to
new or expanding hazardous waste management facilities which provide alternatives
to land disposal. In 1986, these resources are provided under the Hazardous Waste
Management Financial Assistance to States Grant Program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
_The net increase of +$5,175,000 results from the following actions:
-Restructuring. (+$5,000,000) This reprogramming created the Hazardous Waste
Management Initiative grant program element from Congressional Add-on funds to the
Financial Assistance Hazardous Waste Grants program. This restructuring resulted
in a net increase of +$5,000,000 to this program.
-Reprogramming. (+$175,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of +$175,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
grant appropriation.
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS STATE GRANTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $7,000,000. This level reflects the increase in State workload neces-
sary to support the implementation of Subtitle I of the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
The Agency will provide resources to the States to support the 1984 Amendments
for underground storage tanks. These resources will be used for two major activi-
ties: program development and program implementation. For program development,
States will begin to receive tank notifications and analyze this data for develop-
ing implementation strategies. States will also pursue statutory and regulatory
initiatives and establish the necessary organizational and institutional framework
for ultimately assuming responsibility of the program.
State program implementation grant resources will be used to assist in the
enforcement of the interim prohibition on "bare steel" tanks; develop and implement
surveillance, enforcement and inspection programs; further refine and validate the
data base of regulated entities; and develop and execute public information and
regulatory education programs to ensure that tank notifications are properly filed
and that the regulated community is aware of its responsibilities.
1985 Program
No resources were requested for this program in 1985.
1984 Accomplishments
No resources were requested for this program in 1984.
HW-37
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HW-39
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests at total of 524,888,600 supported by 502.7 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $1,521,300 and an increase of 16.6 total workyears from
1985. Of the request, 517,902,600 will he for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and 56,986,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion, an increase of $421,700 and $1,099,600, respectively.
Program Description
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation -- This pro-
gram supports the regional activities necessary to provide guidance and technical
assistance to authorized States and to operate the Federal hazardous waste program
in unauthorized States. Regions assist the States in developing substantially
equivalent hazardous waste management programs to qualify for interim authoriza-
tion and fully equivalent programs to qualify for full authorization which became
available in January 1983.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,888,600 supported by 502.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $17,902,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,986,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $421,700 and an increase of $1,099,600,
respectively, and an increase in 16.6 total workyears. These increases reflect
the growing permitting workload facing the Agency as permit processing is acceler-
ated and as the new requirements specified by the 1984 Amendments are implemented.
In addition, this increase supports Regional efforts to enhance State technical
capabilities through training and guidance.
The Regions highest pr.iority activity in 1986 will be State program develop-
ment. The statute intends for the States to have full responsibility for operating
a Federally equivalent hazardous waste management program. If a State does not
achieve full authorization by January 1986, the Agency will assume responsibility
for managing the State's hazardous waste program. This deadline, however, does
not preclude. States from continuing to develop their own programs and attaining
full authorization at a later date. As more States achieve full authorization,
Agency activities will move over several years to that of an oversight and tech-
nical support function.
Requirements imposed by the 1984 Amendments apply in authorized States. There-
fore, State programs must be revised to incorporate the new requirements. EPA will
administer the new requirements until each State receives authorization to adminis-
ter them independently. EPA will e-nter into Cooperative Arrangements with the
States to administer and enforce requirements not yet incorporated into the
States' programs, including the issuance of joint permits.
This request will enable the Regions to assist States in the development of
both their authorization applications and their program capabilities. The Regions
will review full authorization applications against full equivalence criteria,
recommend approval of applications, and negotiate State grants and Cooperative
Arrangements.
As a result of this investment, the Agency anticipates that by the end of 1986,
52 States will be fully authorized with the base RCRA program.
HW-40
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The Regions' second priority will be the preparation and processing of permits
in unauthorized States for existing land disposal and incineration facilities. The
1984 Amendments mandate that EPA and the States process permit applications for
land disposal and incineration facilities within four and five years, respectively.
The processing of permits for new facilities that provide treatment alternatives
to land disposal will also be a top priority. In 1986, Regions and States will
modify their permitting programs to implement revisions in the National Permits
Strategy (NPS) due to th'e 1984 Amendments. The 1984 Amendments require that author-
ized States and EPA jointly issue permits until the States become authorized for
the new provisions. Of the permits in process, it is expected that final determin-
ations will occur on 90 permit applications. This represents a reduction of 6 from
1985 and occurs because States will perform a larger proportion of the workload due
to their authorization as well as the incorporation into the permit process of
additional requirements resulting from the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
In authorized States, Regions will review State permit actions on major fa-
cilities to ensure technical adequacy, enforceability, and national consistency.
Regional review of the initial State-processed permits (or portions of permits)
will provide increased technical knowledge and understanding to the States and
will result in a stronger and more effective State permitting process.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$57,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of 523,367,300 supported by 486.1
total workyears for this program, of which 517,480,900 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 55,886,400 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions are negotiating, awarding, and administering grants and Coopera-
tive Arrangements based on the individual State's authorization status and accept-
ance of delegable activities.
The Regions are focusing on delegating final authorization. Regions are
assisting States to develop application packages and to upgrade and strengthen
their programs, reviewing applications for full authorization, and ensuring that
the State programs meet full equivalence requirements. Due to the 1984 Amendments,
authorized and unauthorized States must plan to revise their programs to maintain
equivalence with the Federal RCRA program. The 1984 Amendments have extended the
deadline for expiration of interim authorization until January 1986. By October
1985, 35 States will achieve full authorization.
The second critical implementation task is completing the processing of per-
mits consistent with the revisions in the National Permits Strategy (NPS) due
to the 1984 Amendments. It is estimated that final determinations will occur on
96 permit applications in 1985. In addition, the Regions are reviewing State
permit actions on major facilities to ensure national consistency.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$4,116,500 results from the. following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (+$3,880,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
HW-41
-------
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net increase
of +5980,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase of
+$2,900,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In particular, these resources support the acceleration of permit processing
for land disposal and incinerator facilities,_as well as the implementation of
additional requirements, such as corrective action for prior releases at inactive
solid and hazardous waste facilities.
-Pay Raise. (+$236,500) This program was increased by +$236,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $16,169,600 supported by 412.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $13,926,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,242,900 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The Regions focused on assisting States to achieve various phases of authori-
zation: Phase I, Phase II A (permitting of tanks, containers, and piles), Phase
II B (permitting of incinerators), and Phase II C (permitting of land disposal
facilities). Ry the end of 1984, 45 States had received interim authorization for
Phase I. Two of these States had received interim authorization for Phase II A,
8 for Phase II A/B, and 15 for Phase II A/B/C. Four States had received full
autho rization.
The National Permits Strategy (NPS) was issued in 1984 to improve the timing,
quality, and management of the permitting of hazardous waste facilities. Consis-
tent vnth the NPS, the Agency called in permits for 271 land disposal facilities,
23 incineration facilities, and 243 storage and treatment facilities. Final deter-
minations were made on 44 land disposal, 14 incineration, and 243 storage and treat-
ment facilities.
HW-42
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paae
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-44
HW-43
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,631,400 supported by 300.5 total workyears
for 1936, an increase of $5,823,800 and an increase of 54.1 total workyears from
1985. Of the request, $11,381,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $6,250,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
an increase of $2,423,800 and $3,400,000, respectively.
Program Description
Hazardous Uaste Enforcement -- This program serves to ensure national compli-
ance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the recently enacted
1984 Rf.RA Amendments. The principle objectives are to monitor and evaluate hazar-
dous waste generator, transporter, and facility compliance with the statutory and
regulatory requirements of RCRA; to take appropriate administrative, civil, and cri-
minal enforcement actions, when necessary; and to assist and evaluate program imple-
mentation in the States. This program supports regional activities to operate and
enforce the Federal regulatory program in States which have not received interim or
full authorization. These activities include compliance monitoring and enforcement
actions at interim status facilities, permitted facilities, and hazardous waste
generators. The Agency is also responsible for providing technical assistance and
evaluating programs in authorized and Cooperative Arrangement States to assess their
progress in conducting hazardous waste conpliance monitoring and enforcanent activi-
ties. The regional program oversees implementation of RCRA in those States which
are authorized. This oversight includes periodic review of the State monitoring
and enforcement accomplishments and taking appropriate enforcement actions when
State programs are unable to act.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,631,400 supported by 300.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $11,381,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, and $6,250,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $2,423,800 and an increase of $3,400,000,
respectively, and an increase of 54.1 total workyears. These increases support
additional workload requirements for regional compliance monitoring inspections
and technical enforcement activities in response to the 1984 RCRA Amendments.
Compliance with groundwater protection requirements continues as a high RCRA
priority. EPA will conduct compliance evaluation inspections for groundwater
monitoring at permitted facilities and at interim status facilities. Facilities
subject to groundwater monitoring requirements will receive a detailed technical
evaluation to ensure that monitoring equipment are adequate, that wells have been
properly located and installed, and that sampling and analysis are conducted ade-
quately. The Agency will continue to perform thorough inspections at all State
and local government owned or operated treatment, storage, and disposal facilities
(TSDFs). All Federal facilities that have hazardous waste on-site will be inspec-
ted. EPA will conduct inspections at commercial facilities to assure that these
facilities are environmentally acceptable to support off-site management of Super-
fund wastes.
Concern that adequate independent sampling be conducted to evaluate the quali-
ty of ground water and the extent of contamination has led the Agency to increase
the level of effort associated with compliance sampling inspections. The Regions
will also conduct technical evaluations of closure and post-closure plans and
financial assurance instruments for hazardous waste facilities in unauthorized
States and provide support for those evaluations in authorized States.
HW-45
-------
The'Agency plans to continue its expanded enforcement efforts tied to the
more stringent requirements of the 1984 RCRA Amendments and the implementation
of the Enforcement Response Policy. It is the goal of the program to foster com-
pliance and lower the rate of noncompliance. Implementation of the Enforcement
Response and Civil Penalty Policies, along with the Interim National Criteria, will
lead to significant improvements in the rate of compliance with the RCRA program.
To secure improved compliance with RCRA standards, the Regions will conduct inspec-
tions and initiate enforcement actions in unauthorized States and, where necessary,
in those authorized States that have not as yet adopted the 1984 Amendments. Where
appropriate, the Agency will take enforcement for corrective action at interim
status facilities. Enforcement resources will be provided to continue regional
support of the permitting program. This request will support compliance and case
development inspections, record reviews and enforcement actions in response to
violations occurring during the permit or closure process. The Regions will also
continue their support for civil referrals and criminal investigations.
The Agency will continue State program evaluations and provide technical
support. The Regions will conduct program reviews of the compliance monitoring and
enforcement programs in all participating States. In addition, the Regions will con-
duct oversight inspections and initiate'enforcement actions in States that fail to
secure compliance, or in response to a State request for enforcement assistance.
The Regions will continue to promote timely and appropriate enforcement actions by
the States and will offer technical assistance, sampling, and laboratory analysis
and other technical expertise as needed. Regional oversight of the underground
storage tank and small quantity generator programs by the States will be supported.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$8,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of -$4,400 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,807,600 supported by 246.4
total workyears for this program, of which $8,957,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 52,850,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The hazardous waste enforcement program expands significantly in 1985 to sup-
port the implementation of the 1984 RCRA Amendments. These Amendments have major
workload requirements in the following areas: compliance with double liner,
leachate collection and removal system requirements at land disposal units; en-
forcement of corrective action at interim status facilities where prior releases
or off-site contamination have occurred; mandatory annual inspections of State
and local government owned or operated facilities; and at least every two years,
inspections by EPA (or authorized States) at privately operated TSDFs. Interim
status facilities must also certify compliance to groundwater monitoring require-
ments within one year of enactment or lose their interim status.
The Regions are increasing their efforts in unauthorized States to focus com-
pliance evaluation inspections on groundwater monitoring at interim status facili-
ties. The Regions continue to conduct technical reviews of closure and post-clo-
sure plans and financial assurance instruments for all interim status facilities.
Where inspections or report reviews reveal violations, the Regions are initiating
enforcement actions including corrective action orders, when appropriate. Inspec-
tion and enforcement resources are being provided to continue regional support of
the permit program. The Regions are also assessing financial penalties in conjunc-
tion with Administrative Orders.
HW-46
-------
As part of the Agency's effort to evaluate State programs, the Regions are
conducting oversight inspections with State personnel and are reviewing the com-
pliance monitor!ng and enforcement programs in all authorized and Cooperative
Arrangement States. In addition, the Agency is supporting State enforcement actions
by providing technical support, such as expert witnesses, sampling and laboratory
analysis, and other technical expertise not generally available in State agencies.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +52,841,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. ( + $2,721,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net increase of
+$1,621,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net increase of
+$1,100,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In particular, these resources support compliance monitoring inspections
at State and local government-owned or operated hazardous waste facilities,
taking enforcement action for corrective action at interim status facilities
with prior releases, and supporting the National Permits Strategy.
-Pay Raise. (+$119,900) This program was increased by +$119,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $5,466,700 supported by 166.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Agency made progress in providing a visible and effective enforcement
presence within the regulated community. The Agency conducted compliance moni-
toring inspections at 100 percent of the designated major handlers, 25 percent of
other interim status facilities, and 10 percent of selected generators and trans-
porters. To return violators to compliance, the Agency issued 324 RCRA Section
3008 Warning Letters, and 355 RCRA Section 3008 Administrative Orders. Civil
referrals and criminal investigations were initiated where stronger enforcement
actions were appropriate.
In its State oversight role, the Agency conducted 819 oversight inspections
to evaluate the quality of State facility inspections as well as to train State
inspectors. In addition, the Regions provided technical support and assistance
to States conducting compliance monitoring and enforcement activities.
HW-47
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research P-9
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances P-23
Registration ". P-25
Special Regi strati on P-27
Tolerances P-28
Generic Chemical Review P-30
Generic Chemical Revi ew P-32
Special Reviews - EIS Preparation P-34
ENFORCEMENT
Pestidices Enforcement P-37
Pesticides Enforcement P-39
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-41
Pesticides Certi fication & Tr-aining P-42
P-l
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P-2
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
As a class, pesticides are among the most beneficial and the most hazardous
of substances. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA),
as amended, and Sections 402, 406, 408, and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) invest in the Environmental Protection Agency the authority
to regulate the distribution and use of pesticides in the United States. An esti-
mated 2.7 billion pounds of pesticide active ingredients are used annually in this
country, representing over 50,000 products. These products provide benefits to
society by contributing to agricultural productivity as well as controlling human
disease vectors such as mosquitoes. At the same time, pesticides are inherently
hazardous in that they are specifically formulated to be injurious to living target
organisms and are deliberately introduced into the environment for this purpose.
The hazards presented by pesticides are thus intrinsic to their use. While many
pesticides are available for use only by trained pest control operators and
farmers, many others are used by persons who have no special expertise in the
use of these products. Furthermore, many pesticides are used on food or animal
feed crops. As a result, human dietary exposure cannot be avoided, although it can
bp controlled by regulatory measures.
Under FIFRA and the FFDCA, the Agency is responsible for ensuring that pesti-
cides perform their intended functions without unreasonable adverse effects on
public health and the environment. The 19R6 Pesticides program strategically
builds on accomplishments achieved by EPA in previous years and reflects a con-
tinued commitment to fulfill its Congressional mandates. Achieving the statutory
goal of balancing health and environmental protection with economic stability
and growth requires regulatory operations within EPA that are flexible, efficient,
and effective. It also requires ongoing, close, and open dialogue with pesticide
users, public interest groups, and the regulated industry. In addition, the Agency
intends to encourage increased involvement by State and local governments in regu-
latory matters, especially in connection with local pest control needs and emergen-
cies, the enforcement of regulations, and the education and training of persons
such as applicators and farmworkers who are particularly likely to be exposed to
pesticides.
The Agency's pesticide regulation strategy focuses on four broad program areas:
1) review and reregistration of existing products; 2) registration of new products;
3) enforcement of pesticide use rules; and 4) research and development to support
and improve EPA's ability to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides. In
addition, a shift in program emphasis from the review of new pesticide products to
reregistration of existing pesticides, begun in 1985, will continue in 19&6.
Registration Activities
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. The purpose of Federal registration of pesticides
by EPA is to protect public health and the environment from unreasonable risks
while allowing users the benefits of needed pesticides. Under the Registration
program, new pesticide products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by
Agency scientists, and current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or
new formulations.
The Special Registration program will continue to perform an auxiliary func-
tion by permitting certain unregistered pesticide uses for experimental purposes
and to deal with emergency pest situations. The program provides oversight and
guidance to State Registration and Experimental Use Permit programs. The Tol-
erance program establishes safe and enforceable tolerance levels (or in some
instances exemptions from tolerance requirements) for pesticide residues in or on
raw agriculture commodities and processed foods. Tolerances (maximum permissible
residue levels) are set for both active and inert pesticide ingredients.
P-3
-------
The Agency will continue a program of field and laboratory studies determin-
ing the efficacy of current protective clothing technology as a means of reducing
exposure. This activity will build upon previous investigations of protective
clothing, developing options for a regulatory strategy and proposing ways to
increase th'e use of protective clothing. This is a critical area, since requiring
protective clothing is a key strategy to reduce exposure to an acceptable level.
Generic Chemical Review And Reregistration
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are support-
ed by data bases which the Agency has found insufficient to support statutory
determinations of no unreasonable adverse effects. The Generic Chemical Review
program is designed to remedy this by reviewing current knowledge about each chemi-
cal, requiring the upgrading of the scientific data base supporting registrations
and establishing scientifically based regulatory standards for the reregistration
of existing products and the registration of future products. Three major
activities support this program.
(1) Registration Standards, which are established on the basis of a thorough
review of available information on existing pesticides and explain the Agency's
regulatory position on the use of active ingredients common to large numbers of
pesticide products. Standards provide the basis for the reregistration of existing
products and for the registration of new products containing currently registered
active ingredients. Registration Standards will also be developed for some new
active ingredients.
(2) Data Call-In, which requires that registrants supply data to fill gaps in the
current registration data base and is designed both to increase the likelihood that
critical data will he available in time for standards development and to aid
the Agency in identifying pesticides posing potentially unreasonable adverse
effects.
(3) Special Review (formerly Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration or RPAR),
which is a formal process by which- pesticides suspected of causing unreasonablp
adverse effects are subject to intensive risk/benefit analysis and appropriate
regulatory action is taken such as restricting or prohibiting specific uses of a
pesticide.
Pesticides Enforcement
States and Territories act as thp primary operating arm of the Pesticides Com-
pliance Monitoring program and the Applicator Certification and Training program.
Through cooperative agreements with EPA, the States carry out pesticides use in-
spections, inspect producer establishments, and provide marketplace surveillance.
The States also operate the Pesticide Applicator Certification and Training pro-
gram. The Agency will continue to emphasize support, guidance, and management for
the operation of these Federal and State cooperative efforts in 1986.
The Agency conducts a Federal Pesticides Compliance Monitoring program through
its Regional Offices in cases where States are unable or unwilling to support
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs of their own. The Federal program
includes use investigations; import and export surveillance; initiation of enforce-
ment actions; technical and compliance assistance to States, regulated community,
and public; and operation of a computer system maintaining data on pesticide pro-
duction and distribution, compliance, and enforcement. The principal new feature
of the 1986 Headquarters activities will be the management of an expanded Laboratory
Data Integrity program. Under this program, completed test studies will be audited.
This is essential to insure the integrity of data upon which EPA bases regulatory
decisions.
P-4
-------
Research and Development
EPA's pesticides research efforts provide the scientific basis for pesticide
compliance and registration activities. These activities provide an understanding
of pesticide interactions with humans and the environment to ensure maximum effect-
iveness of pest control measures with minimum adverse effects to human health and the
environment. The Research program provides an integrated mix of health, monitoring,
environmental processes, engineering, and risk assessment activities to improve the
scientific basis for pesticide abatement, control and compliance efforts^
In 1986, the Research program will devote additional resources to update risk
assessment methods for dermal exposures and ingestion and accelerate the testing of
protective clothing. Additional resources for environmental processes and effects
will be used to validate methodologies, predictive techniques, and results for
exposure, hazard, and risk evaluation.
P-5
-------
PESTICIDES
Budget Current Increase (+)
Program Activities
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions....
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Microhial Agent Reviews....
Old Chemical Reviews.
Amended Registration
Revi ews
New Use Reviews
Emergency Exemption
Revi ews
Experimental Use Permit
Revi ews
24(c) State Registration
Revi ews
Temporary Tolerance
Petition Reviews ;.
Tolerance Petition
Revi ews
Inert Ingredient
Revi ews
Producer Establishment
Inspections a'
Use/Reentry and Experimental
Use Observations a/
Marketplace
Investigations a'
State Applicator
License and Record
I nspecti ons . ....
State Dealer
Record Inspections
Federal Laboratory
Inspections
Test Study Audits
Notices of Violation a/
Administrative Orders £/....
Civil Litigations a/
Criminal Litigations a/
Actual
1984
18
375
4,827
10,103
370
524
419
769
144
531
84
2,057
17,617
14,692
428
11 ,099
R,906
50
4,656
352
175
Estimate
1985
11
280
3,750
7,000
135
770
425
1,100
175
600
50
2,410
19,175
16,53C
703
16,304
12,355
40
b/
F/
b/
5/
E/
Estimate
1985
11
330
5,200
8,000
300
500
400
775
150
475
60
2,400
20,200
11,000
700
16,300
12,355
40
4,656
352
175
Estimate 1
1986 :
13
330
5,200
8,000
300
500
400
775
150
475
60
2,400
21 ,200
8,000
700
16,300
12,355
25
65
4,656
352
175
Decrease (-)
1986 vs. 1985
+ 2
+1000
-3000
- - -
-15
-1-65
P-6
-------
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES (Cont.)
Cumulative Outputs
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Establ ished ,
CORT Data Call-in SJ
Requirements (Chemicals).,
Incoming Data Call-In and
Registration Standard
Study Reviews
Special Review Chemicals
Reaching Final Decision.,
Actual
1934
90
254
68
Budget
Estimate
1985
115
311
560
b/
Current
Estimate
1985
Increase
Estimate Decrease
1986 1986 vs.
(+)
(-)
115
404
470
71
140
940
78
+75
c/
+ 470
+ 7
*J Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
J2/ New budget category for 1986
£/ (Chronic feeding, oncogenicity, reproduction, and teratogenicity) Program
complete in 1985
P-7
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
"1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research P-9
P-8
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop Methodologies to Improve Risk Assessment Under FIFRA
0 Effects of toxic exposure during development on sexual dimorphism (Health)
Objective 2: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Registrati on and Enforce-
ment Programs
° Report on integrated methods for mutagenic risk of pesticide chemicals (Health)
0 Test methods to determine the neurotoxic potential of pesticides (Health)
Objective 3: Define Environmental, Health and Engineering Endpoints - Future Test
Methods
0 Users manuals for selecting protective clothing (Env. Engineering)
Objective_4:___ Provide Quality-Assurance and Repository Services to Regional/State
Laboratories
0 1985 Annual Report on data comparison program for pesticides (Monitoring)
Objective 5: Develop^and Validate Exposure Techniques for FIFRA Registration and
Enfo r c em ent Pro grams
0 Project report on the initial evaluation of prototype risk analysis model 'compo-
nents (Env. Processes)
° Report on data assessment of the TEAM field study (Monitoring)
Obj_ect1ve 6:Conduct and Review Risk Assessment s^j n Support of FIFRA Deci si on-
Making
0 Five Rebuttal Analyses (Sci. Assessment)
0 Five Risk Assessments (Sci, Assessment)
0 Ten Peer Reviews (Sci. Assessment)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: . Develop Methodologies to Improve Risk Assessment Under FIFRA
0 Journal article on the assessment of percutaneous absorption of selected pesti-
cides as a function of age (Health)
Objective 2: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Regi strati on and Enforce-
ment Programs
0 Report on effects of Endrin on water fowl and upland game birds in grain fields
(Env. Processes)
P-12
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Objective 3: Define Environmental, Health, and Engineering Endpolnts - Future Test
Methods
0 Data on reproductive hazard of pesticides (Health)
Objective 4: Provide Quality Assurance and Repository Services to Regi onal/State
Laboratories
0 1984 Annual Report on data comparison program for pesticides (Monitoring)
Objective 5: Develop and Validate Exposure Techniques for FIFRA Registrati on and
Enforcement Programs
° Journal Article - Factors affecting biodegradation of Fenthion in salt-marsh en-
vironments (Env. Processes)
0 Quarterly reports (Monitoring)
Objective 6: Conduct and Review Risk Assessments in Support of FIFRA Decision-
Making
0 Card nogenicity Risk Assessment for Amitraz (Sci. Assessment)
0 Card nogenicity Risk Assessment for Metalaxyl (Sci. Assessment)
0 Peer Review Reports for ten OPP Risk Assessments (Sci. Assessment)
0 Four Rebuttal Analyses (Sci. Assessment)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop Methodologies to Improve Risk Assessment Under FIFRA
0 Report on age-related neurotoxic effects of pesticides (Health)
Qbjecti ye 2: Develop ajd^VaJi date Test Methods for FIFRA Regi strati on and Enforce-
ment Programs
0 Report on method evaluation for predicting the effects of a pesticide on non-
target organisms in a freshwater pond (Env. Processes)
0 Report on behavioral effects in the rat of the formamadi ne pesticides chlordime-
forrn and Amitraz (Health)
Qbjecti ve 3: Defi_ne Envi ronmental, Health and Engineering Endpoints - Future Test
Methods
° Report on viral effects on immune responses in mammalian cells (Health)
Objective 4: Provide Quality Assurance and Repository Services to Regional/State
Laboratori es
0 1984 Annual Report on data comparison program for pesticides (Monitoring)
Objective 5: Develop and Validate Exposure Techniques for FIFRA Registration and
Enforcement Programs
0 Manual on pesticide leaching potential using PRZM-1 (Env. Processes)
Objective 6: Conduct and Review Risk Assessments in Support of FIFRA Decision-
Maki ng
° Card nogenicity Risk Assessment for Dicofol (Sci. Assessment)
0 EDB Risk Assessment (Sci. Assessment)
0 Linuron Risk Assessment (Sci. Assessment)
P-13
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,282,200 supported by 109.7 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of 52,057,300 and an increase of 2.3 total workyears from
1985. Of the request, $5,334,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,948,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation,
an increase of $166,400 and $1,890,900, respectively.
Program Description
Research focuses on increasing our understanding of how pesticides interact
with human activities and the environment, to assure that their use can minimize
damage from pests, while maximizing the protection of food, fiber and the environ-
ment from unreasonable adverse effects.
Objective 1. -Develop Methodologies to Improve Risk Assessment UnderFIFRA.
This activity develops and validates new or improved environmental and public
health risk assessment methods. The risk assessment methods represent an improved
capability for the.Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) to analyze and aggregate the
data submitted by the pesticide industry to determine the risks and benefits re-
sulting from pesticide usage.
Object!ve 2. Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Registration and En-
forcement Programs!This research effort will supply validated environmentaland
health assay methods for use by industry. Research under this objective is needed
to develop valid test protocols to meet pesticide registration requirements and en-
forcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Objecti ve 3. Define the Environmental, Health and Enoineering Endpoints -
Future Test Methods. This work identi fies the toxi c effect s of pesticides wi th
which the Agency should concern itself. Once the appropriate effects of concern
are identified, research results can be utilized to determine likely candidates
for test method development.
Objective 4. Provide Quality Assurance and Repository Services to Regional/
State Labor at orfes"!E"PA"mai ntai ns a repository o? hi ghpuri ty chemi cal s that
serve as standards for internal quality control to ensure that data in support of
pesticides registration are accurate, precise and reliable. In addition, the pro-
gram provides quality assurance support to OPP contract laboratories in their ana-
lytical efforts.
Objective 5. Develop and Validate Exposure Techniques for FIFRA Registration
and Enforcement Programs"! In the health area, exposure data wi 11 be developed to
enable OPP to set re-entry intervals to protect susceptible populations from pe-
sticides on treated fields. In the environmental area, research develops field va-
lidated exposure assessment models to define the concentration of pesticides for use
by OPP in anticipating pesticide impacts on populations.
Objective 6. Conduct and Review Risk Assessments in Support of FIFRA De-
cision Making.ThTs research prepares human health-related risk assessments and
reviews OPP-generated assessments for carcinogenic, mutagenic, and/or reproductive
effects of candidate pesticide products.
P-14
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $794,600 supported by 7.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $419,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $374,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents increases of $15,800 and $347,200, respectively, which will be used to update
assessment methods for dermal and ingestion exposures and to develop methods for
risk assessment at low doses.
Conduct and Review Risk Assessments in Support of FIFRA Decision-Making, The
scientific assessment program wi 11 conti nue to provide a~ndrevi ew health risk
assessments and exposure assessments on the basis of which the Office of Pesticide
Programs can make more defensible regulatory decisions. Additional resources will
be used to update cancer, mutagenicity and reproductive effects assessment methods
to reflect exposures by dermal and ingestion pathways as well as methods for low
dose exposures. Because the Agency has very limited information on health effects
other than cancer, the scientific assessment program will develop information on
widespread reproductive dysfunction, such as infertility, birth defects, and
spontaneous abortion in the human population, which may be caused by exposure to
chemi cal s.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $1,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $431,600 supported by 7.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $404,100 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $27,500 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects an increase of $30,900 total dollars over 1984. During 1985, risk and
exposure assessment methods for pesticides are continuing to be prepared, reviewed,
and upgraded.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$1,200) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sour ceT~wTrhTn~TlTe~A^ency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$800) Several reprogrammi ngs were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a -net decrease of -$800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$3,700) This program was increased by +$3,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
P-15
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $400,700 supported by 6.4 total work-
years for this program, of which $308,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $92,400 was- for the Research and Development appropriation. During
1984, risk assessments were prepared for OPP, and OPP-generated risk assessments
were reviewed for consistency with Agency assessment policies.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,629,100 supported by 7.5 workyears for this
program, of which $405,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,223,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
an increase of $2,400 and a decrease of $435,900, respectively, and an increase of
0.4 total workyear. The decrease in Research and Development reflects the comple-
tion of the initial phase of the TEAM study.
Develop and Validate Exposure Techniques for FIFRA Registrati on and Enforce-
ment Programs. This effort is designed to provide an analysis of data obtained
from the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) study which determines fre-
quency distributions of human exposure to pesticides.
Provide Quality Assurance and Repository Services to Regional/State Laborato-
ri es.~ This activity operates a repository of high purity pesticides, and distri-
butes check samples to eligible users. These samples are used to assure that the
data which support pesticide registration decisions are acceptable and accurate.
In addition, ORD provides quality assurance support to OPP laboratories which per-
form selected epidemiology studies and human and environmental monitoring of pesti-
cides.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The decrease
of $125,000 in the Research and Development appropriation reflects reductions to
consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,062,600 supported by 7.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $403,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,659,300 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $1,306,000 total dollars over 1984.
The major differences between the 1985 program and the 1984 program reflect
initiation of a Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) field study of pesti-
cides. The study is determining frequency distributions of human exposures to
household pesticides in an urban area. Additional funds are being expended to
revise and publish quality assurance manuals.
P-16
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$27,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reproqramming. (-$1,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$29,300) Several reprogrammi ngs were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$29,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$3,400) This program was increased by +$3,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $756,600 supported by 5.1 total work-
years for this program, of which $348,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $407,900 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The funds were used to support the Pesticide Repository which distributes
analytical reference samples to the Environmental Protection Agency and other
Federal laboratories, as well as State, local, university, and industrial labora-
tories. In addition, i nterlaboratory comparison samples were prepared and dis-
tributed to OPP's contract laboratories for use in their analytical work.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Pro gram R eg u es t
The Agency requests a total of $4,049,400 supported by 38.2 total workyears'
for this program, of which $1,809,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,239,800 will be for the Research and Development appropration.
This represents decreases of $92,500 and $294,000, respectively, and an increase
of 1.0 total workyear. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in Research and
Development reflects the completion of several pesticide health effects test
methods.
Develop Methodologies to Improve Risk Assessment Under FIFRA. Expanded re-
search in this area will include the identification of aqe-related development of
metabolic processes, and the relationship of such changes to toxic agents. Multi-
species, multidose teratology bioassay tests will be performed in order to provide
the necessary data base for evaluation of mathematical models. Such methods will
aid in providing more reliable data upon which the Agency bases its health risk
assessments.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Registrati on and Enforcement Pro-
gramsT These research efforts will develop test methods to be incorporated into
testing guidelines for registrants of pesticides for reproduction/teratology bio-
assays, mutagenesis/carcinogenesis techniques, neurotoxicology, and immunotoxico-
logy. Data generated from these studies will assist in developing risk estimates
for the regulatory decision-making process. Additionally, in vitro teratology
tests will be developed using developing embryos from one species with the meta-
bolizing capabilities of a second species. This system will produce data on the
biological basis for quantitative and qualitative interspecies variability in re-
sponse to teratogenic exposure.
P-17
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Define Environmental, Health and Engineering Endpolnts - Future Test Methods.
Data will be developed on the immunologic effects of biological pest control agents
on mammalian cells. This information will be used as a prelude to validate Subpart
M guidelines for the testing of biorational pesticides under FIFRA.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
$4,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of $219,100 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,435,900 supported by 37.2
total workyears for this program, of which $1,902,100 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,533,800 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $1,948,300 total dollars over 1984.
The difference between the 1984 and 1985 program reflects an increase in bio-
logical pesticides research. This increase is supporting research on bioengi neered
pesticides in support of FIFRA Subpart M guidelines.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$167,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Repr o g_r ammi n 9. (-$141,600) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of
resources wi thi'rf'tTteT Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reautho-
rized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$141,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$44,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$44,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$18,100) This program was increased by +$18,100 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accpmp1i shment s
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,487,600 supported by 26.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,438,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,049,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
A report on the viral effects of pesticides on immune responses in mammalian
cells was completed. The data generated in this report will used by the Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP) for inclusion in testing guidance on microbial agents. In
the area of neurotoxicoloqy, a report on age-dependent neurotoxic effects of pesti-
cides was completed. This research provides data which are used for extrapolation
purposes in setting pesticide re-entry standards.
P-18
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $985,000 supported by 1.0 total workyear for
this program, of which $60,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $925,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents increases of $11,000 and $406,800, respectively, and no change in workyears.
The increases will be used to accelerate the testing of various protective garments
used by pesticide applicators and formulators.
Define Environmental, Health and Engineering Endpoints - Future Test Meth-
ods. Research is being expanded to prepare an interim guidance document on the se-
lection and use of agricultural protective clothing. Research activities in sup-
port of FIFRA will provide evaluation data on the permeation resistance of polymer
protective gloves to concentrated formulations of highly toxic pesticides. Pro-
tective clothing, other than gloves, will undergo additional evaluation including
exposure protection factors, comfort, durability, and JOD compatibility. Additional
studies will establish the effects of degradation and decontamination on pesticide
retention and apparel protective capability.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual , and consulting services. The decrease of
$20,000 in the Research and Development appropriation reflects reductions to con-
sulti ng servi ces.
1985 Program
, In 1985, the Agency is allocating'a total of $567,200 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program, of which $49,000 is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
pration and $518-, 200 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects the first year of funding for this program.
Research activities are being initiated to provide data on the effectiveness
of protective clothing for reducing pesticide exposure to applicators and crop
harvesters. Data will be provided to the Program Office for regulatory development
and implementation efforts and agricultural worker educational programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$14,100 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$14,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$200 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$14,400 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ation.
. -Pay Rai se. ( + $500) This program was increased by +$500 reflecting the amount
requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
This effort was not part of the 1984 program.
P-19
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,824,100 supported by 55.3 workyears for this
program, of which $2,638,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,185,200 will be for the' Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents increases of $229,700 and $1,866,800, respectively, and an increase of 0.9
total workyear. The increases will be used for expanded efforts to validate test
methodologies, predictive techniques and results for exposure, hazard and risk
evaluations, as well as to initiate new research in environmental risk assessment.
Develop Methodologies to Improve Risk Assessment Under FIFRA. Because the
Agency has little information on which to base its regulation of chemicals that
have only environmental effects (as opposed to chemicals that have both health
and environmental effects), a new risk analysis modeling system will be developed
to integrate exposure and effects data. This will enable the Agency to define and
regulate environmental risk associated with pesticide use under FIFRA.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Registration and Enforcement Pro-
grams"fhi s research will consi st of methodology development arid application and
hazard evaluations on the impacts of selected chemical pesticides and biological
control agents on non-target estuarine/marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organ-
isms. Improved or new testing protocols will result through detailed field valida-
tion studies to verify the utility of laboratory findings and procedures. Research
will commence on the new class of bioengineered pesticides, .which may require
special regulatory considerations. This portion of the research program addresses
the regulatory problems associated with the continued production of new pesticides,
the need to review and re-register old pesticides and to evaluate environmental
problems which result from the use of pesticides.
Develop and Validate Exposure Techniques for FIFRA Registration and Enforce-
ment Programs^Through refinement, evaluati on and vali dati onvTiTTeTd and Tab
studies, the capability of single and multimedia exposure models will be determined
at a site on the Dougherty Plains, Georgia. Such information is needed to calibrate
algorithms for exposure and risk models. Additionally, studies will determine the
sorption characteristics of pesticides in soils/sediments and determine how envi-
ronmental factors mediate pesticide leaching and degradation. Detrimental exposure
levels, the persistence of pesticide residues and the duration and mode of exposure
will be determined as wi 11 bi otransformati on pathways. The modeling tools and in-
formation will be used by OPP and by pesticide registrants to enhance the regulatory
processes.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $10,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Programs
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,727,600 supported by 54.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,409,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $318,400 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
reflects an increase of $373,200 total dollars over 1984.
P-20
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Major differences between the 1985 program and the 1984 program include re-
search on methodology development and improvements for testing procedures and guide-
lines and on exposure, effects, transport, fate and degradation assessments. There
is increased research emphasis on field validation studies and resultant increases
in analytical chemistry support. The outputs are providing enhanced techniques
and information supportive to OPP's decision-making processes.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$4,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$8,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$8,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$13,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$4,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$8,600 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$26,500) This program was increased by +$26,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,354,400 supported by 52.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,166,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $188,100 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program provided reports, data and other information and tech-
nical assistance keyed to the most immediate needs and priorities of the regula-
tory program. Laboratory and field studies produced outputs to validate the util-
ity of present methodologies and findings to insure the qualitative and quanti-
tative integrity of testing results and regulatory recommendations.
P-21
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Regi stration, Special Registrations Tolerances P-23
Registration P-25
Special Reai stration P-27
Tolerances^ P-28
Gener-ic Chemical Review P-30
Gener-ic Chemical Review P-32
Special Reviews - EIS Preparation P-34
P-22
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PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 518,530,600 supported by 328.4 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $2,810,500 and 13.5 total workyears from 1985. Of the
request, $14,930,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation ana
$3,600,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $1,207,200 and $1,603,300, respectively.
Program Description
The Agency evaluates all pesticides under a "no unreasonable adverse effects"
standard, taking into account the economic, social, and environmental risks and
benefits of the use of any pesticide. The overall goal of these activities is to
facilitate a steady flow of environmentally acceptable products to the marketplace.
These activities are authorized by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenti-
cide Act (FIFRA), which requires that a pesticide be registered by EPA before it
can legally be sold, distributed, or made available for use, and the Federal, Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFOCA), which requires the establishment of safe pesticide
residue levels on food and feed. This subactivity includes three program areas:
Registration -- Under this program new pesticide products are registered
and current registrations are amended to add uses and/or new formulations. Regis-
tration is -accomplished by: 1) reviewing formulation and use data to ensure that
product use will not result in "unreasonable adverse effects"; and 2) limiting the
risks associated with use through label precautions, special packaging require-
ments, appl-ication directions, and where necessary, restriction of use to trained
applicators.
Special Registration — The purpose of this program is to respond to requests
for experimental use permits and emergency exemptions (permitting the use of
unregistered pesticides or the use of registered pesticides for sites/pests not
included in their registration to meet pest emergencies). The program also reviews
State registrations of pesticides and related State plans. These functions are
required by Sections 5, 18, and 24 of FIFRA.
Tolerances— The goal of this program is to protect the public health while
giving appropriate consideration to the production of an adequate, wholesome, and
economical food supply. This goal is achieved by establishing tolerance levels
for residues of both active and inert pesticide ingredients (or exemption from the
requirements of a tolerance) in or on raw agriculture commodities and processed
foods, establishing safe residue levels (temporary tolerances) for food or feed
crops to be marketed following the application of experimental use pesticides, and
ensuring, through the testing of analytical methods, that established tolerances
can be adequately enforced.
REGISTRATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,667,400 supported by 212.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,067,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 53,600,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents a decrease of $661,100 and $1,603,300, respectively, and a
decrease of 6.1 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. An additional re-
duction to Salaries and Expenses, and the reduction in workyears and Abatement,
P-25
-------
Control and Compliance were possible through program savings due to lower unit
costing. These savings will permit a shift in resources to the Generic Chemical
Review program.
In 1986, the Agency expects to conduct 330 reviews of new chemicals and bio-
chemical/microbial agents, 5,200 reviews of old chemicals, 8,000 amended registra-
tion reviews, and 300 new use reviews. This is the same level of reviews expected
in 1985.
EPA will continue to be alert for applications for new chemicals or new use
registrations which require intensive risk-benefit analysis. Recently, such cases
have appeared with increasing frequency (e.g., larvadex, cypermethrin, ethalflura-
lin). While those cases that enter' the special review process are largely funded
in the Generic Chemical Review program element, they also consume registration
resources in the early stages. Once the special review is completed, registration
resources are again utilized to complete the registration determination.
In 1986, efforts will continue to be directed toward conducting studies to
enable the Agency to evaluate the efficacy of protective clothing. Worker Protec-
tion Standards are expected to be proposed in 1986 and promulgated in 1987.
Additional attention will be given to Mochemcal/microbial agents in order to
determine the scope of any required regulatory amendments and necessary interagency
coordination for the effective regulation of such products. Emphasis will continue
to be placed on reviewing data in support of food-use chemicals, feedthroughs,
aquatic pesticides used in potable water, and other product classes of special
concern.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication'and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$9,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $561,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $15.931,800 supported by 218.4
total workyears to tnis program, of which $10,728,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,203,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Environmental fate data for chemicals likely to have an adverse effect on
ground water are bping closely reviewed before registration. Post-registration
monitoring studies are further scrutinized to evaluate pre-registration data and
warn of possible ground-water contamination problems. The automated integration
of EPA records of scientific studies, reviews, product information, and other data
will improve the Agency's ability to prevent unanticipated adverse environmental
effects by bringing all available information to bear on registration decisions.
In early 1985, data requirements were clarified with the publication of both
40 CFR Part 158 (Data Requirements for Registration) and the revised procedures
for Data Support Requirements under FIFRA (Pesticide Registration Notice 84-4).
Worker Protection Standards and Procedures governing worker protection require-
ments for pesticide application field reentry periods, protective clothing, and
label warnings are undergoing EPA, USDA, and Congressional review in 1985.
Registration fees may be proposed in 1985 to begin recovery of Agency process-
ing costs. The fees collected will be deposited directly to the U.S. Treasury.
P-26
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$285,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$399,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$399,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$8,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$8,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$106,100) This program was increased by +$106,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $9,714,800 supported by 220.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which was in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Through an interagency agreement with USDA, EPA produced two slide/tape
training presentations on pesticide safety for general farmworkers and non-
certified mixers, loaders, and applicators and conducted pilot training programs
in three States. In addition, an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Worker
Protection Standards was published to solicit comments on the Agency's effort to
expand and strengthen the current regulations for protecting farmworkers from
agricultural pesticide hazards.
SPECIAL REGISTRATION
1986 Program Request
TRP Agency requests a total of $1,994,700 supported by 42.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $232,000 and 2.7 total workyears. The decrease in
Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative
services, as well resource savings due to process efficiencies. The savings will
permit a shift of resources to the Generic Chemical Review program.
In 1986, State participation in emergency exemption, experimental use permit,
and special local needs programs will be enhanced through EPA guidance and close
Federal and State cooperation. EPA will monitor State actions in emergency exemp-
tion and special local needs registrations to assure proper use of these provisions.
The Agency will focus on the critical health and safety effects of emergency exemp-
tion requests. Experimental use permits (EUPs) will continue to be issued when
appropriate to allow for experimentation with nonregistered products or uses to
develop data needed for registration. A total of 400 EUP reviews is expected.
Rapid communication with affected parties and States will be conti-nued to minimize
processing times and backlogs. In 1986, 500 emergency exemption reviews and 775
State and local needs reviews are projected. User fees for some special registra-
tion activities may be implemented in 1986.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating $2,226,700 supported by 45.0 total work-
years to this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
P-27
-------
In 1985, the Agency is continuing the review and revision of the regulations
concerning Section 18 emergency exemptions. This is part of a comprehensive effort,
begun in 198^, aimed at more effective review of the validity of emergency exemp-
tions.
Temporary tolerance petition review activities and associated resources are
being moved to the Tolerance program beginning in 1985. The purpose is to consoli-
date all tolerance setting and tolerance, fee-related activities in the same program.
Rules governing the assessment of user fees for some special registration activi-
ties may be proposed in 1985 for possible implementation in 1986.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$14,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$7,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$7,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$21,900) This program was increased by +521,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1 984 Accompli shments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,674,800 supported by 61.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Follow-up of the Special Local Needs program audit continued in 1984 with
emphasis 'on surveying State programs to guard against inappropriate use of special
local needs registration to circumvent Federal registration. The Agency conducted
preliminary studies on the feasibility and desirability of charging fees to support
the processing of some special registration actions.
The number of Section 18 emergency exemption requests dropped to 524 from
previous highs in 1982 and 1983 of 754 and 752. This decrease in requests is due
to more careful scrutiny of the requests by Agency officials. Congressional and
Agency reports had raised the concern that the basic registration process was
possibly being circumvented by the use of emergency exemptions.
TOLERANCES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,868,500 supported by 73.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $314,100 and 4.7 total workyears. The decrease in
Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative
services, as well resource savings due to process efficiencies. The savings will
permit a shift of resources to the Generic Chemical Review program.
Requested resources will permit an anticipated 475 tolerance petition reviews,
150 temporary tolerance petition reviews, and PO reviews of inert ingredient re-
quests. Every effort will be made to minimize processing times and backlogs in
responding to uncontrollable demand (petitions).
Continued support will be provided to the Codex Alimentarius program and
associated activities that set international tolerances. International tolerance
levels will be adopted into the U.S. system whenever feasible in order to facili-
P-28
-------
tate international trade, improve international consistency in pesticide regula-
tion, and conserve U.S. resources.
The tolerance revocation policy requiring that EPA revoke a tolerance for a
cancelled or suspended pesticide, will be fully implemented in 1986. EPA expects
this activity to increase as a result of voluntary cancellations and suspensions
(many in response to Data Call-in), registration standards, and special reviews.
In addition, the computer-based Tolerance Assessment System will be in full
use, yielding more realistic and sophisticated estimates of dietary exposure to
pesticide residues.
It is anticipated that all tolerance fees collected in 1986 will be under a
revised fee structure (proposed in 1984). However, most of the 1986 workload will
consist of petitions submitted in prior years under the old fee structure.
Thus, the earnings (value of completed petitions) under the new fee structure
are not expected to be appreciable until mid or late 1986. 'The Agency plans to
continue waiving fees when appropriate to the public interest or where fees would
cause undue economic hardships.
1985 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $3,182,600 supported by 78.5 total work-
years, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Temporary tolerance petition review activities and associated resources will
be moved to this program from the Special Registration program to consolidate all
tolerance setting and tolerance fee-related activities.
Promulgation of a new tolerance fee structure is expected in late 1985 to
cover more fully the costs of the program. Collections under the new fee schedule
are anticipated in 1986. A substantial increase in petitions under the current
fee schedule is expected as a response before the new fees come into effect. This
could lead to a temporary increase in backlogs in late 1985 and early 1986.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$24,^00 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$13.600) This rpprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within th? Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$13,600 to the-Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$38,100) This program was increased by +$38,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,41-8,500 supported by 65.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Process efficiencies such as the early return to petitioners of incomplete
petitions and the fast-track processing of petitions requiring limited review were
continued. Reduced data requirements for minor use pesticides (through such modi-
fications as crop group tolerances) and certain types of biochemical pesticides
were implemented in 1984. The developing, computer-based Tolerance Assessment
System was used selectively to refine OPP's estimates of dietary exposure to pesti-
cide residues. Work continued in 1984 on revising tolerance fees and the proposed
new fees were published in the Federal Register.
P-29
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PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,617,200 supported by 260.4 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $2,279,000 and 11.1 total workyears from 1985. Of the re-
quest, $12,262,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $9,354,700
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$159,900 and $2,119,100 respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Generic Chemical Review -- The primary products of the Generic Chemical Review
program are: TJ regi stration standards—to enable the Agency to efficiently meet
its statutory mandate to update and reexamine information on currently registered
pesticides and to reregister them as appropriate; and 2) special review (formerly
Rehuttable Presumption Against Registration or RPAR)--to rigorously evaluate the
risks and benefits of pesticides with an identified potential for producing
significant adverse health or environmental effects and to take appropriate
regulatory action (e.g., suspend, cancel, or return to registration).
Special Reviews - Environmental Impact Statement Preparation -- The purpose of
this program is to prepare statements which delineate the impact on humans and/or
the environment of exposure to pesticides which are subject to the special review
process. Such statements are part of the documentation leading to special review
decisions. In 1985, this program was absorbed into the Generic Chemical Review
program.
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,617,200 supported by 260.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,262,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $9,354,700 wi 11 be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $159,900 and $2,119,100, respectively, and an
increase of 11.1 total workyears. These increases, enabled by reductions to the
new chemical programs, will be used to complete two additional special review
decisions and to enhance the Laboratory Data Integrity program.
EPA will establish 25 registration standards in 1986. The Agency will con-
tinue to develop registration standards by clusters of similar use chemicals,
giving priority to those having high exposure and potential hazard. Reviewing
chemicals in use clusters is equitable to registrants because it levies data
requirements on all competitors at the same time: it also enables EPA and users to
make health and safety comparisons among alternative products. Among the factors
considered in selecting chemicals for review are volume of use and exposure through
food use.
In 1986, exposure data will be called in to facilitate the evaluation of
the significance of new and existing health effects data and more timely Agency
reactions to potentially serious hazards. This will he possible since, in 1985,
the Data Call-In program will virtually complete the call-in of long term chronic
data for food use chemicals.
P-32
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Review of studies called in earlier, including studies of ground-water
contamination, product chemistry, and chronic health effects, will be continued.
Priority will be given to those studies containing information regarding unreason-
able adverse effects, as identified in accordance with Section 6(a)(2) of FIFRA.
Resources requested for 1986 will enable the completion of 13 special review
.decisions. Special reviews will be initiated according to revised criteria which
more realistically reflect actual risk. Added emphasis will be placed on reaching
final decisions, with appropriate opportunity for public review. Administrative
hearings will held as required on regulatory action proposed by the Agency in the
special review process.
The results of lab audits, conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with
other agencies, will be employed in the special review and registration processes
in order to assure that health and environmental effects data used to support
pesticide registration actions are 'valid. The use of Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) techniques in urban pest management will be furthered in cooperation with
other agencies. In addition, IPM will be considered in special reviews on a case-
by-case basis.
Monitoring of selected pesticide exposure problems and accidental exposure
incidents will be continued in cooperation with various Federal, State and other
institutional sources. Furthermore, the Pesticide program will continue a joint
survey with the Office of Drinking Water to establish a reliable estimate of the
pesticide exposure risk through drinking water.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$28,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,338,200 supported by 249.3
total workyears to this program, of which $12,102,600 is for the Salaries "and
Expenses appropriation and $7,235,600 is for the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
The Agency is shifting emphasis from the registration of new pesticides
to the review of existing, currently registered pesticides whose registrations
are more likely to be supported by incomplete data or by data which is inadequate
by today's standards. During 1985, emphasis is being placed on completing final
resolutions'on those chemicals remaining in the special rpview process in order to
resolve uncertainty among producers and users. EPA is also emphasizing identifying
and evaluating new chemicals which exceed the Agency's risk criteria. Also in
1985, previously called-in data are being reviewed, including data on chemicals
used as termiticides and grain fumigant alternatives to EDB.
The Agency will begin to provide indemnification for losses resulting from
the cancellation of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and is funding the disposal of
products containing EDB with unobligated funds carried over from 1984.
In the registration standards established to date, health and environmental
problems have commonly been identified and corrective actions taken to reduce
risk. In every standard, important health and environmpntal data gaps are
identified, and commitments are being received from registrants to generate and
P-33
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submit required data expeditiously. The data needs are determined on a case-by-
case basis, considering the use pattern and other properties of each chemical.
This ensures that the Agency asks only for data essential to its decision process
and thereby minimizes costs to registrants and the public.
In 1985, the Data Call-in program is calling in product chemistry data and
completing the call-in of chronic toxicology data for food-use chemicals. In
addition, laboratory data audits continue to ensure the vali'dity of laboratory
studies performed to support registrations. The Agency expects to complete the
National Pesticide Monitoring Plan and transmit it to Congress.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$5?0,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammjng. (-$643,700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$443,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a net de-
crease of -$200,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$1,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$1,700 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$121,mo) This program was increased by +$121,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomp1i shments
In 1984 the Agency obligated a total of $19,767,900 supported by 206.0 total
workyears, of which $9,297,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $10,470,100 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Special review decisions were reached on 18 chemicals. Decisions involved
non-wood uses of creosote, the voluntary cancellation of TDK and endrin used on
food crops, and wood preservatives. Regulatory action resulted in the cancellation
of almost all uses of EDB and in requests for needed data on the grain funigant
alternatives to EOB. Special reviews were initiated on six chemicals in 1984,
daminozide (Alar), aldicarb, linuron, amitrole, ethalfluralin, and dicofol. An
analysis was completed of the risks and benefits of seven chemicals used in sub-
terranean termite control because of apparent contamination problems in treated
military homes. The termiticide report concluded that additional data on the
compounds were needed and data call-in letters were subsequently issued. In
addition, the Data Call-in program was expanded to include the call-in of needed
environmental data for 53 chemicals with potential for contaminating ground-water.
Finally, new review procedures were introduced providing for early involvement
of all EPA offices in the development of regulatory decisions, including special
reviews.
Laboratory data audits were conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with
other agencies to ensure the development of high-quality test data on the health
and environmental effects of pesticides.
SPECIAL REVIEWS - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PREPARATION
1986 Program Request
This program was absorbed by the Generic Chemical Review program in 1985.
P-34
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1985 Program
In view of its small size and the extent to which it is functionally inte-
grated into the Generic Chemical Review program, this program element was absorbed
into that program in 1985. The environmental impact analysis is an integral part
of the special review documentation and is not issued separately.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $48,000 supported by 1.5 total work-
years, all of which was in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Activities
completed included preparation of impact analyses concerning exposure to pesti-
cides, in support of the special review process.
P-35
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEMENT
Pestidices Enforcement P-37
Pesticides Enforcement P-39
Pesticides Enforcement Grants ; P-41
Pesticides Certification & Trainina P-42
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,919,500 supported by 110.6 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $140,200 and 2.4 workyears from 1985. Of the request,
$4,421,100 wil1 be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $12,498,400
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$24,500 and $115,700 respectively.
Program Description
The purpose of this subactivity is to assure that the pesticide industry--
users, producers and distributors—complies with the Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). This is accomplished primarily by State activi-
ties conducted under cooperative agreements with EPA.
The program areas under this subactivity include a Federal workforce and two
grant programs.
Pesticides Enforcement -- The Pesticide Enforcement program provides direction
and assistance to the States and, where the States do not operate comprehensive
programs, operates the programs directly. Regions provide technical and compliance
assistance to the agricultural chemical industry, commercial and private pesticide
applicators, user groups, and States. The Headquarters component of the Pesticides
Enforcement program establishes national program priorities as well as manages the
Laboratory Data Integrity program. This program involves inspections of labora-
tories for conformance with Good Laboratory Practices and in-depth audits of test
studies that have been submitted in support of registration applications.
Pesticides Enforcement Grants -- This program accounts for the bulk of pesti-
cide compliance activities in the United States. Under the terms of cooperative
agreements with EPA, the States investigate pesticide use, misuse and reentry
matters, inspect pesticide producer establishments, and provide marketplace sur-
veillance. The States also survey pesticide imports, inspect pesticide dealer
records, and review commercial applicator records under this program.
Pesticides Certification and Training -- Pesticide certification and training
insures that only competent, trained applicators handle, apply and store highly
toxic, restricted-use pesticides. The Agency transfers funds for training applica-
tors to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for distribution to State Cooperative
Extension Services. The Agency distributes certification funds through cooperative
agreements to designated State agencies. The States use funds for certification
activities such as developing and grading examinations, issuing credentials, moni-
toring training and keeping records of certified applicators. EPA also provides
funding for Federal certification and training programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,616,100 supported by 110.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,421,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $195,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represent an increase of $24,500 and $115,700, respectively, and an
P-39
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increase of 2.4 total workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses, Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance and total workyears are to support the Laboratory
Data Integrity program. The increase for Salaries and Expenses is partially offset
by Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
In 1986, the Pesticides Enforcement program will again concentrate on State
participation, under cooperative enforcement agreements, in the nationwide Pesti-
cide Compliance Monitoring program. The Agency will emphasize achieving compliance
with rules governing pesticide use, with relatively less emphasis on product sur-
veillance in the marketplace. The States will also be responsible for enforcing
notices of intent to suspend product registrations issued as a result of non-comp-
liance with Data Call-In requirements. The primary Federal role at the Regional
level will be oversight and management of State cooperative agreement programs and
administration of Federal applicator certification and training programs in Colorado
(for private applicators only) and Nebraska, and of a pesticides enforcement program
in Nebraska.
In addition to providing overall program guidance and management, Headquarters
will assist in the development of new and revised regulations and will develop com-
pliance monitoring strategies and enforcement response policies for all such rules.
Headquarters will provide guidance and general oversight to the Federal/State coop-
erative enforcement programs and applicator certification and training programs,
as well as technical and analytical support for Regional activities. Roth Head-
quarters and the Regions are responsible for quality assurance and quality control
of all enforcement data collected by EPA. Also, Headquarters will manage the
Laboratory Data Integrity program and participate in audits of test studies submit-
ted to the Agency in support of pesticide registrations. The Agency will conduct
full-scale audits of approximately 1?% of completed test studies submitted to F.PA.
In addition, EPA will investigate the feasibility of developing a self-audit
program by which laboratories or test sponsors will certify the validity of their
tests.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$10,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,475,900 supported by 108.?
total workyears for this program, of which, $4,396,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 579,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1985, the Agency is emphasizing State participation in pesticide compliance
monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative enforcement agreements.
There are 54 States and Territories participating in cooperative enforcement
agreements, 51 State certification programs, and 52 training programs. Federal
compliance monitoring activities continue in States without cooperative agree-
ments. Other Federal responsibilities include the management of the laboratory
inspection/data audit program, import and export surveillance, provision of tech-
nical and compliance assistance to the States and the regulated community, and the
operation of a computer system maintaining pesticide producer establishment and
production records and other related enforcement data.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$48,700 results from the following actions:
P-40
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-RCRA Reprogranming. (-$3,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$52,600) This program was increased by +$52,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, thp Agency obligated a total of $4,490,800 supported by 108.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,356,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $134,000 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.
A total of 54 cooperative enforcement agreements, 51 State certification
programs, and 52 training programs were in place in 1984. As part of the coopera-
tive agreement program, the Agency provided training for State inspectors, chemists
and case development staff.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,703,400 for cooperative enforcement agree-
ments under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. There is no
change from 1985.
The Agency will continue cooperative enforcement agreements with 54 partici-
pating States and Territories. The cooperative enforcement agreements program is
designed to permit participating States and Territories to determine their program
priorities and utilize the resources provided to act upon these priorities. State
activities will include use and re-entry investigations, pesticide producer estab-
lishment and marketplace inspections, applicator license and record inspections,
and dealer record inspections. As compared with past years, resources will be
shifted from marketplace sampling'to provide greater emphasis upon use compliance.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,703,400 for cooperative agree-
ments under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These agreements
emphasize user compliance with label directions for proper use and application, as
well as manufacturer adherence to product formulation requirements under F1FRA.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $8,760,400 for cooperative agreements under the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. 54 participating States and
Territories conducted 17,316 use, reentry and experimental use inspections, 1,868
inspections of establishments, 10,816 applicator license and record inspections,
8,^58 dealer record inspections, 14,194 marketplace inspections, and 305 import
inspections.
P-41
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PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AMD TRAINING
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,600,000 for the Applicator Certification and
Training program under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. There
is no change from 1985. This program will support 51 applicator certification
programs and 52 applicator training programs in participating States and Territories
and Federal certification programs in Colorado (for private applicators only) and
Nebraska. These resources will continue to support the certification and training
of applicators using highly toxic restricted-use pesticides.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of S2,600,000 for cooperative agree-
ments under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This funding will
support 51 applicator certification programs and 52 training programs with States
and Territories, as well as Federal programs in Colorado (for private applicators
only) and Nebraska.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Program
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,979,400 for cooperative agreements
under the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation in support of 51 certifi-
cation programs and 52 training programs with States and Territories. In addition,
these funds supported Federal programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
P-42
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION R-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Non-ionizi ng Radi ation R-6
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines R-13
Radiation Program Implementation R-17
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment R-20
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RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse effects
of radiation exposure is derived from several statutes: (1) the Atomic Energy Act,
which provides authority for Federal guidance and general environmental standards
(transferred to EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970); (2) the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977, which provide authority to regulate radioactive air pollutants;
(3) the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act, which charge EPA with providing standards for protection
from waste materials with radioactive content; (4) the Nuclear Waste Policy Act;
and (5) other authorities contained in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act;
the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; the Safe Drinking Water
Act; the Public Health Service Act; and the National Environmental Policy Act.
These statutes generally prescribe environmental assessment, technology
assessment, standard-setting, and research roles for EPA. In some cases, enforce-
ment responsibilities are vested in other agencies, notably the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission. In these instances, EPA performs some oversight functions to ensure
that established standards and guidance are followed.
.Within the framework established by the statutes, EPA's radiation program
strategy includes: (1) establish radiation standards and guidance that result in
regulatory controls which promise the greatest reduction in adverse health effects
and environmental impacts; (2) maintain a capability to assess and quantify existing
and emerging radiation problems and the potential impact of technologies under
development; (3) evaluate and respond to issues of serious public concern, and
identify situations where corrective action is the responsibility of other organ-
izations; and (4) maintain a capability to respond to emergencies and to aid
development and testing of State, local, and Federal plans for emergency response.
Within this general strategy, highest priorities have been given to regulating
radioactive air pollutants, establishing standards for radioactive waste management,
completing Federal Guidance, and testing State radiological emergency response
plans.
The emphasis on the Clean Air Act activities is consistent with public concern
about radiation, the existence of a significant number of poorly defined and uncon-
trolled sources that emit radioactive air pollutants, and a court order requiring the
Agency to take final action on its listing of airborne radionuclides under section
112 of the Act.
The disposal of radioactive wastes in an environmentally sound manner is a
complex task that involves the collective efforts of EPA, the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, the Department of Energy (DOE), States, and private industry. EPA's
principal role is to establish environmental standards that limit exposure to the
various categories of radioactive wastes that pose public health risks. An active
participant in this effort since its inception, EPA will work towards completion of
its regulatory program by 1987.
Reorganization Plan #3 transferred to EPA the authority of the former Federal
Radiation Council to advise the President on radiation matters directly or indirectly
affecting health. The responsibility includes providing guidance to all Federal
agencies in the formulation of radiation standards. In carrying out these respon-
sibilities, EPA is emphasizing occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and
working to complete nonionizing radiation activity.
The off-site monitoring program conducted to support the DOE's operation of
nuclear test sites and the quality assurance program for radiochemical analyses
will be maintained in 1986.
R-3
-------
RADIATION
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 vs. 1985
Cumulative Outputs
Regulations:
Proposals 99 9 12 +3
Promulgations 4 4 9* 9
Guides:
Proposals 6677
Promulgations 3467+1
*Includes radionuclide NESHAPs required under recent court order
R-4
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paqe
RADIATION
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Non-ionizi ng Radiation R-6
R-5
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RAD IAT IUN
Non-ionizing Radiation
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Conduct an Off-Site Radiological Monitoring Program
0 Annual report of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site (NTS)
(Monitoring)
Objective 2: Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program
0 Annual report on the Laboratory Radionuclide Intercomparison Studies (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Provide Health Effects Data and Assessments Necessary to Develop,
Review, and Revise Federal Radiation Guidance
0 Final reports and journal articles on all studies being completed with 1985
funding (Health)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Conduct an Off-Site Radiological Monitoring Program
° Annual report of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring]
Objective 2: Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program
0 Annual report on the Laboratory Radionuclide Intercomparison Studies (Monitoring]
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Conduct an Off-Site Radiological Monitoring Program
0 Annual report of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program
0 Annual report on the Laboratory Radionuclide Intercomparison Studies (Monitoring)
Objective 3: Provide Health Effects Data and Assessments Necessary to Develop,
Review, and Revise Federal Radiation Guidance
0 Final report on biological effects of radiofrequency radiation (Health)
R-8
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RADIATION
Non-Ionizing Radiation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 5206,500 supported by 5.0 total workyears for
1986, a decrease of $1,862,300 and a decrease of 17.0 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $189,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
516,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of
$869,800 and $992,500, respectively.
Program Description
The goal of the radiation research program is to provide the Office of Radia-
tion Programs (ORP), and other EPA, federal, regional, state and local officials
with scientifically credible data, methodologies, and assessments required to
determine public exposure to non-ionizing radiation (NIR) and to radioactive
materials in the environment and to control such exposure. The following objec-
tives support this goal:
Objective 1. Conduct an Off-Site Radiological Monitoring Program. The
program under this objective provides comprehensive radiological monitoring and
surveillance services to meet specific Department of Energy (DOE) requirements for
its nuclear testing programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). This work
is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE.
Objective 2. Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program.
EPA conducts a radiochemical analytical quality assurance program which supports
federal, regional, state, and local laboratories making radioactivity measurements
to assess the impact of local nuclear facilities. It also supports the Office of
Radiation Programs by serving as a source of radionuclide and instrument standards
and radiochemical methods for analysis of environmental samples.
Objective 3. Provide Health Effects Data and Assessments Necessary to Develop,
Review, and Revise Federal Radiation Protection Guidance. This research supports
the responsibilities of the Office of Radiation Programs for establishing environ-
mental exposure guidelines for non-ionizing radiation.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $206,500 supported by 5.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $189,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $16,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $10,400 and no change respectively, and no change in total workyears.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services.
Conduct an Off-Site Radiological Monitoring Program. Monitoring support
to DOE1s Nevada Test Site and other test locations wi 11 continue. This support
consists of safety programs for nuclear testing; long-term biological monitoring
at the NTS as well as at sites in Mississippi, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Conduct an Analytical Radiochemical Quality Assurance Program. Technical
expertise and guidance to regional, state, and contractor laboratories for radio-
chemical analyses of environmental samples will continue. Inter-laboratory com-
parison studies will be initiated to provide data on the precision and accuracy
of radioactivity measurements in milk, simulated diet, drinking water, and air.
R-9
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $216,900 supported by 5.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $200,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,700 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $8,200 total dollars over 1984.
There are no major differences between the 1985 and 1984 programs.
i*
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$9,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$11,200) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$11,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$2,400) This program was increased by +$2,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $208,700 supported by 4.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $192,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,700 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The major accomplishments were the publication of two reports, the annual
report on the Laboratory Radionuclide Intercomparison Studies and the'annual report
of off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1986. This represents
decreases of $859,400 in Salaries and Expenses, $992,500 in Research and Develop-
ment, and 17.0 total workyears. These decreases reflect EPA's completion of
health effects research associated with the Federal' Radiation Protection Guidance.
Provide Health Effects Data and Assessments Necessary to Develop, Review, and
Revise Federal Radiation Guidance. Federal Radiation Protection Guidance for radio-
frequency and microwaves will be completed by the regulatory office. The health
effects data now available, as well as completion of reports on research conducted
in 1985, will provide sufficient data to establish environmental exposure guidelines
for non-ionizing radiation.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
R-10
-------
of $3,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $100,000 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,851,900 supported by 17.0
total workyears for this program, of which $859,400 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $992,500 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $349,400 total dollars over 1984.
Health effects research on non-ionizing radiation focuses primarily on ques-
tions remaining since completion of a 1984 report on the biological effects of
radiofrequency radiation.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$47,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$54,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$52,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (-$1,000) A reproyramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$1,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$8,300) This program was increased by +$8,300 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,502,500 supported by 12.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $562,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $940,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The major accomplishment of this program in 1984 was publication of a report,
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation, following review and clearance by
the Agency's Science Advisory Board. This document provides a scientifically
defensible basis for development of radiation protection guidance.
R-ll
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paqe
RADIATION
ABATEMENT S CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines R-13
Radiation Program Implementation R-17
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment R-20
R-12
-------
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R-13
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,180,100 supported by 74.0 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $287,800 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $3,635,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,544,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $101,700 and $186,100, respectively.
Program Description
EPA develops and promulgates radiation environmental standards and guidelines
under this subactivity. These standards and guidelines protect the public health
and the environment by minimizing risk of radiation exposures from nuclear energy
applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and occupational
radiation uses, and nonionizing radiation.
RADIATION CRITERIA, STANDARDS, AND GUIDELINES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,180,100 supported by 74.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,635,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,544,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $101,700 and $186,100, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects slightly less support for regulation
development.
In 1986, EPA will concentrate on three major areas: regulating airborne radionu-
clides, establishing standards for radioactive waste management, and developing
Federal Guidance. The airborne radionuclides work will focus on the review of other
source categories for the potential development of National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
As part of programs addressing the problem of radioactive waste disposal,
EPA will extend coverage of the high-level waste standard to address special-defense-
related wastes which are presently stored in various locations. EPA will also
make available for public comment the low-level waste standards, expanded to
cover concentrated natural and accelerator-produced radioactive materials. In
addition, EPA will propose environmental standards or Federal Guidance for residual
radioactivity limits at decommissioned nuclear facilities.
In 1986, EPA will continue to develop technical criteria for ocean dumping of
radioactive wastes. The Agency will be prepared to review and decide on permit
applications for ocean dumping. The Agency will also participate in deliberations
of the London Dumping Convention and other international bodies which are concerned
with ocean disposal.
In 1986, EPA will take appropriate action, using the Federal guidance authority,
to address current problems of nonionizing radiation. Changes to the occupational
exposure guidance for miners, now under review, also will be proposed.
R-14
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$17,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of -$131,300 in the Abatement, Con-
tro'l and Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,467,900 supported by 74.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,737,200 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,730,700 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1985 regulatory projects have three focal points: (1) regulation
of airborne radionuclides under section 112 of the Clean Air Act, (2) management
of radioactive wastes under the authorities of the Atomic Energy Act; the Nuclear
Waste Policy Act; the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act; and the Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, and (3) development of Federal Guidance
under the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act.
Standards for the disposal of high-level radioactive wastes will be promul-
gated in 1985. The scope of the low-level waste standards includes some natural
and accelerator produced materials.' This standard continues under development.
Analytical work necessary to develop environmental standards for residual radio-
activity at decommissioned nuclear facilities also continues, with the proposal
of those standards scheduled for 1986. Analytical work continues to support the
Agency's' capability to review permit applications for the ocean disposal of radio-
active wastes. Participation in international deliberations on this subject
continues. Guidance for radiofrequency radiation is a candidate for proposal
and working arrangements will be established with affected -agencies for subsequent
implementation of the guidance. The final general occupational exposure guidance
will be published in 1985, and review of the underground miner occupational
guidance will begin in 1985. The Protective Action Guides for resettlement and
relocation in the event of a nuclear incident will be completed in 1985. EPA and
other Federal agencies will work together to assure adequate implementation of
existing regulations.
1985 Explanation ofChanges from the Enacted
The net increase of +$67,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$11,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$11,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$43,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$91,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of +$135,000 to the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$36,000) This program was increased by +$36,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
R-15
-------
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,966,300 supported by 68.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,488,200 was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,478,100 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Contract funds and workyears supported the gathering of data and
analyses for standards setting, particularly in the areas of airborne radionuclides
and radioactive waste disposal. This led to progress on several regulatory
efforts, including decisions on whether to regulate nine source categories using
NESHAPSs, standards for high-level and low-level waste disposal, guidance for
general occupational radiation exposure, and guidance to limit exposure to radio-
frequency radiation. In addition, the Agency resumed its program to establish
standards or guidance for residua) radioactivity at decommissioned nuclear facil-
ities.
R-16
-------
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R-17
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $634,700 supported by 12.3 total workyears for
1986, a decrease of $15,700 and no change in total workyears from 1985. This total
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This program supports activities of EPA's Regional offices and includes;
participating in the review and testing of State radiological emergency response
plans, reviewing environmental impact statements, providing the public with techni-
cal, information, providing direct assistance to State and local governments with
special radiation problems of a short-term nature, and providing the radiological
expertise needed by the Regions to manage radiological problems associated with
the drinking water and hazardous waste programs.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $634,700 supported by 12.3 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $15,700 and no change in total workyears. The decrease
in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administra-
tive services.
In the 1986 Regional program, EPA will continue to emphasize technical
assistance to States for emergency response planning. EPA assists States in the
development of radiological emergency response plans and formally reviews these
plans along with other Federal agencies under the coordination of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency. Regional offices will continue to be involved in
the characterization and identification of hazardous waste sites contaminated by
radioactivity. This effort supports both the EPA headquarters hazardous waste
programs and the requests from the States. The Regions will continue to be the
primary reviewer of environmental impact statements for radiation facilities,
such as commercial nuclear power plants, uranium mines and mills, and radioactive
waste disposal facilities. The Regions will "also assist in the implementation
of the uranium mill tailings standards and provide continued support to the States,
particularly for the management of radioactive wastes.
1985 Rescission
The reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of the
above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $650,400 supported by 12.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1985, emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the
R-18
-------
States on radioactive waste problems remains the central focus of the EPA Regional
radiation program. The Regional program is participating with the headquarter's
staff in developing a catalog of radiation contaminated sites that require remedial
actions.
The Regions also continue as the primary reviewer of environmental impact statements
for radiation facilities such as uranium mines and mills', and radioactive waste
disposal facilities. Support to the national program is in the form of participation
in the Environmental. Radiation Ambient Monitoring System and regulatory work
groups and task forces.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enadted
The net increase of +$6,000 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$6,000) This program was increased by +$6,000 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $676,000 supported by 13.1 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the States and other EPA Regional
programs.remained the central focus of the EPA Regional radiation program.
R-19
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R-20
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,538,600 supported by 56.0 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $174,900 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
Of the request, $2,938,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $600,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
a decrease of $174,900 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation.
Program Description
Activities in this program provide the information necessary to identify and
analyze radiological problems having potential public health impacts and to support
the development of standards and guidelines. Also included under this subactivity
is the monitoring of environmental radiation, as well as laboratory analysis,
technology assessments, emergency preparedness, and emergency response.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,538,600 supported by 56.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,938,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $600,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $174,900 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
In 1986, this program will continue to support development of standards under
the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. EPA
will maintain fully-equipped emergency response capabilities at two field locations.
Projects depending on field measurements to form the basis of risk assessments and
associated risk management decisions will be continued. The residual radioactivity
regulatory initiative will require continued field support to evaluate and confirm
assumptions built into the development process. The Environmental Radiation
Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) will collect and analyze samples of air,
precipitation, and milk in its national network to determine ambient radiation
levels and will maintain its preparedness to monitor the environment in the event
of a large-scale release of radioactive effluents, such as that which results
from atmospheric testing of nuclear devices. The quality assurance program will
be operated to ensure accuracy of all laboratory measurements and data analyses
conducted either in-house or through program contracts. In addition, support to
States, other Federal agencies, and other parts of EPA will continue in the form
of radiochemical analyses, technical assistance, and EPA participation in the
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$19,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
R-21
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,713,500 supported by 56.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,113,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $600,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Program activities include: continued laboratory and technical support to
standards-setting, maintenance of an emergency response capability, coordination
of EPA Regional office review and testing of State emergency response plans,
assistance to other EPA offices and to State radiological programs, and support
for ERAMS. The 1985 program reflects continuing emphasis on standards-setting
activities, including resources for Clean Air Act field and laboratory measurements
necessary to meet regulatory schedules, and further development of the standards
for residual radioactivity at decommissioned nuclear facilities. The Agency is
continuing its replacement of radiation air monitoring sampling equipment and is
continuing to monitor and sample air, precipitation, surface water, and milk.
Ocean disposal monitoring activities are continuing with participation in the
marketplace seafood surveys, and monitoring and analysis of water, biota, and
sediment core samples at numerous ocean sites. The monitoring of off-site releases
from clean-up operations at Three Mile Island is also continuing. Operation of a
program-wide quality assurance plan continues.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$4,100 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$31,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted-in a net decrease of -$31,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$27,300) This program was increased by +$27,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,790,500 and 54.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,294,400 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $496,100 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Activities in 1984 included: continued laboratory and technical support to
standards-setting, maintenance of an emergency response capability, coordination
of EPA Regional office review and testing of State emergency response plans, and
assistance to other EPA offices and to State radiological programs. ERAMS was
maintained. Ocean disposal monitoring activities included completion of the
Massachusetts Bay Report, the Ocean Dumping Inventory Report, and a Report on
International Site Sampling and Analysis.
Extramural funds provided support to monitoring activities at Three Mile
Island, support to the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, and
studies necessary to develop scientific information for the EPA ocean disposal
program.
R-22
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Programs 1-7
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
NEPA Compliance & Federal Agencies Compliance 1-19
NEPA Compliance 1-21
Federal Agencies Compliance 1-22
Accelerated Review and Permitting 1-24
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-26
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-30
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring 1-32
Enforcement Policy & Operations 1-34
1-1
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1-2
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interdisciplinary Program is com-
posed of several activities that cut across programmatic lines and are not readily
assignable to a specific media. These programs address environmental concerns
that affect several media and require an interdisciplinary approach. The Interdis-
ciplinary Program includes the Intermedia Research Program within the Research and
Development function, the Federal Agencies Compliance Program and the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Compliance Program within the Abatement and Control
function, and the legal aspects of the Agency's enforcement efforts.
The Intermedia Research Program encompasses four major activities: scientific
assessments, technical information and liaison, exploratory research, and quality
assurance management. The Scientific Assessment Program has responsibility for
developing uniform risk assessment guidelines for Agencywide application, assuring
consistency of approach to guidelines, and coordinating with other agencies primari-
ly through a newly established Risk Assessment Forum. The Technical Information
and Liaison Program communicates technical and scientific information of the Office
of Research and Development (ORD) with an emphasis on communicating cost-effective
methods for complying with EPA's regulations. The Exploratory Research Program
provides long-range exploratory research. The research is conducted primarily
through grants and the academic research centers. It also includes the Mussel
Watch Toxics Trend Monitoring Program and the Senior Visiting Scientist Program,
which were instituted to strengthen science policy and the research program. The
Quality Assurance Program provides centralized management for the Agencywide Quality
Assurance Program and performs audits and reviews to monitor compliance with new
Agencywide quality assurance policies and procedures.
The NEPA Compliance Program is responsible for: (1) preparing EPA Environ-
mental Impact Statements -(EISs) or, alternatively, determining findings of No
Significant Impact on National Pollution Discharge Elimination System new source'
permits and municipal wastewater treatment grant actions to-assure that" new facili-
ties with Federal involvement comply with NEPA; (2) conducting generic studies
which directly support and increase the efficiency of meeting site-specific NEPA
requirements; and (3) supporting a cooperating agency role for EPA in providing
intermedia information to assist the preparation of EISs by other Federal agencies.
The Program will be at a reduced level in 1986, because of a decline in NEPA
compliance activity resulting from a decline in the number of new Federal buildings
that are scheduled to be constructed as well as improved program efficiency.
The Federal Agencies Compliance Program accomplishes statutory objectives un-
der the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); Section 309
of ttie Clean Air Act; and Executive Order 12088 - Federal Compliance with Pollu-
tion Control Standards.. These laws require EPA to review and comment on proposed
actions of other Federal agencies to ensure that public health and the environment
are protected. In addition, Executive Order 12088 directs the Agency to: (1) pro-
vide technical advice and assistance to Federal agencies to ensure that their
facilities comply with pollution control requirements in a cost-effective and
timely manner; (2) monitor all Federal facilities compliance with applicable pollu-
tion control requirements; (3) assist Federal agencies and the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) in developing budgetary plans for controlling pollution at Federal
facilities; and (4) resolve disputes regarding Federal facilities' violation of
pollution control requirements through the administrative mechanism provided by the
Order. In 1986, the Agency will devote additional resources to implement EPA
programs on Indian reservation lands.
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides consistent direction to EPA en-
forcement for all non-Superfund media to assure the overall quality of EPA enforce-
1-3
-------
ment. To accomplish these goals, it establishes compliance monitoring strategies,
enforcement priorities, policies, and procedural guidelines so that enforcement
actions are properly selected and prepared; continually evaluates and refines com-
pliance strategies and enforcement priorities; and assures that policies and proce-
dures are correctly implemented by the media enforcement programs and Regional
offices. It conducts all legal case development, litigation, and adjudicatory
hearing activities for media enforcement programs, including oversight of evidence
gathering, preparation and management of cases, and referral of cases to the
Department of Justice for litigation. In addition, this program contains the
Agency's criminal investigations effort which entails investigation, preparation,
and referral of cases involving criminal violations of environmental statutes.
Investigators and attorneys will provide support to the Department of Justice
during subsequent investigation and litigation of these cases. In 1986 this program
will emphasize the support and resolution of ongoing cases in order to maximize
environmental benefit by improving compliance with environmental statutes. In
addition, this program will be increasing its support of the expanding Hazardous
Waste Program.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NE1C) in Denver provides
specialized technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation
activities. NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex in-
vestigations that have a national impact on EPA and State regulatory programs. In
addition, while the resources for the criminal investigation program are included
in Enforcement Policy and Operations, the NEIC is responsible for providing program
management and direction.
1-4
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Budget Current • Increase +
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease -
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 vs. 1985
Enforcement Actions
Inspections* - -
Notices of Violation* ... _
Administrative Orders 1015 ** 1015 802 -213
Civil Cases
Ongoing 176 ** 224 274 +48
New 210 ** 187 197 +5
Criminal Cases
Ongoing 24 ** 43 43 0
New 30 ** 37 37 0
* No Interdiscplinary action, see specific media for these outputs.
** Not provided in 1985 Budget Request.
Note: All outputs are incremental.
1-5
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Intertnetlia Programs 1-7
1-6
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1-8
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PL'ANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Manage/Implement the Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program
0 Solicitation for 1987 Research Grant Proposals (Exploratory Research)
° Annual reports on the Research Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory
Research)
Objective 2: Manage/Implement the Scientific Forecasting and Trends Program
° Status Reports on Mussel Watch and Specimen Bank programs (Exploratory Research)
Objective 4: Disseminate Technical Information/Technology to States and Localities
0 Manual and workshops on hazardous waste alternative technologies (Technical
Informati on)
0 Handbook and workshops on control and cleanup of hazardous waste contamination
(Technical Information)
0 Guidance document and seminar on implementation of national primary drinking
water regulations (Technical Information)
Objecti ve 5: Manage the_ Agencywide Mandatory Quality Assurance Program
0 Report on review of all Agency quality assurance, program plans (42 offices and
laboratories) (QA__ Management)
0 Report on review of all internal management system audit reports and intensive
management audits (QA Management)
Objective 6: Assure Uniform Risk Assessment
0 Final guidelines for assessment of pollutant effects on human fertility
and for systemic toxicants (Scientific Assessment)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Manage/Implement the Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program
0 Solicitation for 1986 Research Grant Proposals (Exploratory Research)
0 Annual reports on the Research Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory Re-
search)
Objective 2: Manage/Implement the Scientific Forecasting and Trends Program
0 Mussel Watch research plan (Exploratory Research)
Objective 4: Disseminate Technical Information/Technology to States and Localities
0 Handbook for remedial action at waste disposal sites (Technical Information)
° Engineering handbook for hazardous waste incineration (Technical Information)
0 Manual on pretreatment of industrial wastes (Technical Information)
1-9
-------
Objecti ve 5: Manage the Agencywlde Mandatory Quality Assurance Program
0 Report on management systems audits of three Agency components (QA Management)
0 Guidance for management systems audits of quality assurance programs of
EPA regulatory and regional offices (QA Management)
Objective 6: Assure Uniform Risk Assessment
0 Final guidelines for chemical mixtures, carcinogen risk assessment, expo-
sure assessment, mutagenicity risk assessment, and suspect developmental toxi-
cants health assessment (Scientific Assessment)
0 Proposed guidelines for systemic toxicants and assessment of pollutant effects
on human fertility (Scientific Assessment)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Manage/Implement the Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program
° 1984/85 Solicitation for research grant proposals (Exploratory Research)
0 Long-Term Exploratory Research Agenda (Exploratory Research)
Objective 4: Pi ssemi nate Techni cal Information/Technology to States and Localities
0 Manual on improving publicly owned treatment works performance using the compos-
ite correction program (Technical Information)
0 Seminars on the protection of water suplies from ground water contamination
(Technical Information)
Objecti ve 5: Manage the Agencywlde Mandatory Quality Assurance Program
0 Guidelines for data quality objectives development for all major environ-
mental data collection activities (QA Management)
0 EPA order announcing Agencywide policy and responsibilities for quality assurance
(QA Management)
Objective 6: Assure Uniform Risk Assessment
° Proposed guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, exposure assessment, muta-
genicity risk assessment and health assessment of suspect development toxicants
(Scientific Assessment)
1-10
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,747,500 supported by 68.2 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $7,590,100 and 5.3 total workyears from 1985. Of the re-
quest, $3,847,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$14,900,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of
$348,200 and $7,241,900, respectively.
Program Description
The Intermedia Program contains those ORD activities which by nature encom-
pass all media. These are Exploratory Research, Technical Information and Liaison,
Integrated Risk Assessment, and Quality Assurance Management. The objectives
of these programs are as follows:
Objective 1. Manage/Implement the Exploratory Research Grants and Centers
Progrlm^THe grants program funds i ndi vi dual i nvesti gator-i nit fatedresearch frf
areas of concern to the Agency through an open, competitive, peer-reviewed evalua-
tion process. The long-term exploratory research centers will focus on multidis-
ciplinary research in six topic areas. In addition, the Small Business Innovation
Research program, the Senior Environmental Employment Program and the Minority
Institutions Support Program are managed under this objective.
Objective 2. Manage/Implement the Scientific Forecasting and Trends Program.
Thi s program develops biomonitoring techniques, such as Mussel Watch and the Na-
tional Pilot Specimen Bank, to identify long-term environmental trends and research
needs.
Objective 3. Manage Technical Information Products. The purpose of this ob-
ject i7!H~s~TFTo1nrrirrT~r~eTriw~i produce and distribute ORD information products in
the most cost-effective manner and to develop special reports as needed.
Objective 4. Disseminate Technical Information/Technology to States and Lo-
cal iti es.These acti vi ti es provide State and local of fici al s with the technical
data necessary to meet regulatory responsibilities and enable EPA to satisfy the
requirements of the Stevenson-Wydler Technical Innovation Act (P.L. 96-480).
Objecti ve 5. Manage the Agencywide Mandatory Quality Assurance Program.
This objective provides policy direction, management systems, and technical guide-
lines for the Agencywide mandatory quality assurance program.
Objective 6. Assure Uniform Risk Assessment. This activity provides Agency-
wide guidance to perform exposure assessments and carcinogenicity, reproductive
effects and other chronic health effects risk assessments. These guidelines are
intended to insure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific principles
and information.
Objective 7. Manage/Implement the Visiting Scientists Program. This objec-
tive develops and implements programs to strengthen and enhance the quality of the
Agency's research programs through the exchange of scientists and the granting
of awards for scientific achievement. The major activity is the senior Visiting
Scientists program, which enables accomplished scientists to conduct research at
ORD laboratories.
4
1-11
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,188,700 supported by 16.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $788,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $400,000 will be for Research and Development appropriation. This
represents increases of $50,500 and $100,000, respectively, and an increase in 0.2
total workyears. The increased resources will be used to review additional risk
assessments through the Risk Assessment Forum.
Assure Uni form Risk Assessment. This program is designed to ensure that risk
assessments performed by Agency offices are based on accurate and consistent data,
assumptions and methodologies. Its main activity in 1986 will focus on finalizing
guidelines which meet this objective. The assessment guidelines for exposure and
risk (oncogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicology, complex chemical mix-
tures, and systemic effects) will be completed. Those already completed in 1985
will be updated to reflect state-of-the-art advances and reissued as appropriate
during 1986. The Risk Assessment Forum will expand its review of risk assessments
for EPA program offices to ensure that risk assessments are generated and applied
in a consistent fashion.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $1,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,038,200 supported by 15.8
total workyears for this program, of which $738,200 1s for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $300,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $37,500 total dollars over 1984.
Scientific Advisory Board and public comments on the guidelines proposed dur-
ing 1984 are being evaluated, and final guidelines are being prepared. In addition,
guidelines are expected to be proposed and completed on chemical mixtures. Guide-
lines are being proposed for assessment of systemic toxicants and for the assess-
ment of pollutant effects on human fertility. A Risk Assessment Forum started
in 1985 is overseeing and advising on the risk assessment process throughout the
Agency.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$92,400 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammiing. (-$2,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$2,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$97,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this
activity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limi-
tations. These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$97,500 to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
1-12
-------
-Pay Rai se. (+$7,700) This program was increased by +$7,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments A
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,000,700 supported by 6.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $392,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $608,100 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1984, guidelines for assessment of exposure, developmental toxicity,
mutagenicity, and card nogenici ty were proposed and published for public comment.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests °a total of $2,597,700 supported by 28.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,750,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $847,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents decreases of $260,400 and $14,500, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses results from completion of an
automated data processing (ADP) requirements analysis and Government-wide reduc-
tions to pay and administrative services.
Manage Technical Information Products. The Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI) wil 1 track, process, and distribute all ORD reports, develop
special reports as needed, and produce all ORD project summaries and reports.
CERI will (1) process reports and journal articles for submission to the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS); (2) review and produce project summaries;
(3) print, warehouse and -distribute ORD information products, and (4) respond to
requests for ORD products.
Disseminate Technical Information/Technology to States and Localities. In fl
response to requests from the EPA program offices, Regions and the States, ORD ^
continually disseminates technical information to States and localities to enable
them to meet their regulatory responsibilities.
The Technology Transfer Program carries out its mission primarily through
seminars and publications. Seminars are developed by teams headed by a CERI staff
member which include EPA and private industry personnel having expertise in par-
ticular technical disciplines. The seminars discuss applicable regulations and the
management and financial considerations in choosing optimum pollution control
strategies. Publications prepared and disseminated include design manuals, tech-
nical capsule reports, seminar proceedings, users guides, and handbooks.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $42,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $14,500 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,872,600 supported by 28.6
total workyears for this program, of which $2,010,900 is for the Salaries and
1-13
-------
Expenses appropriation and $861,700 is for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $138,500 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and 1984 is that resources are
being directed to a requirements analysis for ORD's ADP modernization program to
determine the best ways to upgrade the scientific computing capabilities of ORD's
laboratori es.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$242,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$4,600) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sour ceT~wTThTn~TFre~A~gemcy to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$4,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (+$233,300) Several reprogrammi ngs were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$228,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of +$5,000 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ati on.
-Pay Raise. (+$14,000) This program was increased by +$14,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accompli shments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,734,100 supported by 34.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,816,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $917,500 was for' the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments in 1984 included the completion of a Technology Transfer
Manual on improving publicly owned treatment works (POTW) performance and the de-
velopment of Technology Transfer seminars on the protection of public water sup-
plies from groundwater contamination. Several other technology transfer manuals
and handbooks were completed and 31 seminars/workshops on 6 subjects were conducted.
Over 1,300 documents were processed to the National Technical Information Service,
547 project summaries were produced and distributed and over 24,000 requests for
publications were answered.
QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,096,200 supported by 13.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $669,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $426,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $32,700 and $69,500, respectively, and no change in total
workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reduc-
tions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in Research and Development
reflects completion of the initial phases of implementation of the Agency's quality
assurance program.
Manage the Agencywide Mandatory Quality Assurance Program. All program
offices, Regionaloffices and Agency laboratories must implement quality assurance
(QA) procedures consistent with Agency policy to ensure that data generated by the
Agency are reliable, valid and accurate. This program will include review of QA
1-14
-------
program plans of some regions, program offices and laboratories; QA management
system audits of selected EPA offices and laboratories; selected reviews of audits
performed by Agency Quality Assurance Officers; development and improvement of
program-specific technical guidance for QA project plans; preparation of a QA .
status report for senior EPA management; and development of procedures for training m
QA officers and data collectors on the use of QA materials. ™
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $1,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,198,400 supported by 13.6
total workyears for this program, of which $702,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $496,200 is for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $192,400 total dollars over 1984.
In 1985, the program is expanding from developmental activities into program
implementation and evaluation.- Typical activities include reviewing QA Program
Plans and improving program plan guidance; conducting selected management systems
audits; reviewing QA audits conducted by Agency organizations; and summarizing and
assessing standard sample collection and analysis methods used in various media.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$29,300 results from the following actions: ^
-RCRA Repro-grammi ng. (-$2,300) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sou reeT~wTTnTn~~tlTe~7Vge7K:y to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$2,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$33,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$33,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Rai se. (+$6,600) This program was increased by +$6,600 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,006,000 supported by 7.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $470,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $535,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.'
Accomplishments included issuance of an EPA order on Agency-wide QA policy;
preparation of policy and guidelines for use by EPA program and project planners
in major environmental data collection activities; development of protocols for
conducting QA management systems audits; and completion of a major EPA program
audit following this protocol.
1-15
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EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,864,900 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $638,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $13,226,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents decreases of $105,600 and $7,257,900, respectively, and a decrease
of 5.5 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and-Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services and a significant reduction in
workyears from the 1985 level. The decrease in Research and Development reflects
a reduction in the number of Exploratory Research Centers supported by EPA, a
reduction in the number of new grant awards, completion of several biomonitoring
studies, and retention of resources for small business innovation grants in the
media research programs until the operating year.
Manage/Implement the Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program. During
1986, this program will continue to award research grants and manage the academic
research centers to serve long-range research needs identified in the Agency's
long-term research strategy. A reduced number of grants will support research in
the areas of environmental health, environmental biology, chemistry/physics air,
chemistry/physics water, and environmental engineering.
In 1986 the number of exploratory research centers supported by EPA will be
reduced. A review will be conducted to determine which centers will not receive
funding and the remaining centers will focus on the same areas of research as in
1985. These areas in 1985 are industrial waste elimination; intermedia transport;
ecosystems research; marine research; advanced control technology; groundwater
research; epidemiology research; and hazardous waste research. The reduction
is based on recommendations of the Agency's independent Science Advisory Board
(SAB), with which the Agency concurs, that the Centers require a minimum level of
funding in order to be viable, and our desire to ensure that Center resources are
distributed in the most cost-effective manner possible.
The minority institutions and national environmental workforce programs are
also managed in this program. They will continue at the same level of effort as
in 1985. In 1986, this program will also support grants to small businesses under
the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. Under the Small Business
Innovation Development Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-219), EPA is required to provide 1.25
percent of its extramural research budget for grants to small businesses. These
resources will be reprogrammed from other media research activities in 1986.
Manage/Implement the Scientific Forecasting and Trends Program. The Mussel
Watch and Specimen Bank programs will continue as in 1985. The Mussel Watch pro-
gram tracks the environmental status of coastal marine waters. The National Pilot"
Specimen Bank is developing ways to allocate, analyze and store samples of environ-
mental concern. Both of these programs enable'the Agency to conduct accurate long-
term monitoring of environmentally sensitive marine resources and are essential
components of the Agency's comprehensive long range research strategy.
Manage/Implement the Visiting Scientists Program. This program, which brings
distinguished scientists to workin ORD laboratories, will continue as in 1985.
ORD estimates that seven scientists will work in its laboratories in 1986. In-
volvement of renowned scientists in the day-to-day activities of ORD laboratories
will promote the exchange of information between EPA and the scientific community
and improve the reputation and credibility of EPA's research.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
1-16
-------
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $2,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories. The decrease of $686,600 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,228,400 supported by 15.5
total workyears for this program, of which $744,400 is for the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $20,484,000 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $3,841,800 total dollars over 1984.
The 1985 Exploratory Research Program expects to fund approximately 24 more
new grants in various areas of environmental science than in 1984. Procedures for
the periodic review and renewal of the exploratory research centers developed in
1984 are being implemented in 1985 as each center completes its initial five-year
project period. The Visiting Scientists program is supporting the appointment of
approximately seven distinguished scientists to EPA laboratories, two more than
in 1984.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$347,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$1,600) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized •
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (+$341,700) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity whi ch were not report able under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$152,700 to the Salaries and Expenses ^t
appropriation and a net increase of +$189,000 to the Research and Development V
appropri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$7,500) This program was increased by +$7,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $17,386,600 supported by 18.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $992,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,394,600 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, the Exploratory Research program reviewed 412 grant proposals and
awarded 64 new grants and 39 continuations. New procedures for the periodic re-
view and renewal of the eight exploratory research centers were established. Re-
search in the Mussel Watch program developed and field validated the use of popula-
tion dynamics of mussels and the use of cytogenetics as effects responses to con-
taminant exposure. Specimen bank research developed and tested analytical methods
to identify trace elements in mussel samples. The Visiting Scientists program
sponsored the work of five distinguished scientists in ORD laboratories, enabling
the Agency to remain at the forefront of science and strengthen the scientific
basis for its decisions. These activities resulted in approximately 200 presenta-
tions and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
1-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate •
Table of Contents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
NEPA Compliance & Federal Agencies Compliance 1-19
NEPA Compl iance 1-21
Federal Agencies Compliance 1-22
Accelerated Review and Permitting 1-24
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-26
1-18
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
NEPA Compliance and Federal Agencies Compliance •
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,114,000 supported by 118.2 total work-
years for 1986, a decrease of $1,408,300 and 7.0 workyears from 1985. Of, this
request, $5,010,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$5,104,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, a
decrease of $394,300 and $1,014,000 respectively.
Program Description
This sub-activity includes two programs (1) National Enforcement Policy Act
(NEPA) Compliance, under which environmental assessments and studies concerning
specific EPA responsibilities are conducted; and (2) Federal Agencies Compliance,
under which the actions of Federal agencies are reviewed to assure that they carry
out-their activities in an environmentally sound manner and the extension of EPA
programs to American Indian reservations is coordinated.
NEPA Compliance - This program contains resources for: (1) preparing EPA's
Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) or, alternatively, determining Findings of
No Significant Impact on National Pollution Discharge Elimination System-new source
permits and municipal wastewater treatment grant actions to assure that new facili-
ties with Federal involvement comply with NEPA; (2) conducting generic studies
which directly support and increase the efficiency of meeting site-specific NEPA
requirements; and (3) supporting a cooperating agency role for EPA in providing
inter-media information to assist the preparation of EISs by other Federal agencies.
Federal Agencies Compliance - Under the mandate of the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA), and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act, activities for this pro-
gram include review and comment on EISs and on the environmental impact of any
major legislation, regulations or other actions proposed by other Federal agencies.
In addition, under Executive Order 12088 and OMB Circular A-106 (Federal Compliance
with Pollution Control Standards), resources in this program assist Federal agencies
in: (1) identifying facilities needing pollution control mechanisms; (2) determining
the most cost effective control; (3) developing fiscal plans for installing needed
abatement control technology; and (4) resolving disputes surrounding facilities
which are out of compliance. In addition, this program involves coordination of
EPA's programs on Indian reservations.
NEPA COMPLIANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,055,300 supported by 62.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,651,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,404,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents decreases of $469,000 and $1,714,000, respectively, and a decrease
in 10.0 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-
wide reductions to pay and administrative services and a reduction in the number
of workyears funded. The workyear reduction is a result of an anticipated decline
in required NEPA compliance activity, due to a reduction in the number of new federal
buildings that are scheduled to be constructed. Furthermore, the NEPA compliance
staff will be doing less site specific work and the NEPA staff will be involved at
an earlier stage of the EIS process, which will improve the efficiency of bringing
NEPA requirements to conclusion. Efforts will continue to be directed toward
ensuring that EPA complies with NEPA requirements.
1-21
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication a.nd audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$6,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -$341,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,238,300 supported by 72.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,120,300 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,118,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In 1985, the program is increasing emphasis on oversight of State
programs which are doing much of the basic environmental analysis. EPA is also
continuing work on site-specific assessments and EISs. NEPA decisions cannot be
delegated to State agencies.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$14,900 results from the following actions:
-Reprogramming. (-$50,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$50,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$35,100) This program was increased by +$35,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $8,208,200 supported by 63.7 workyears
for this program of which $2,529,700 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,678,500 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1984,
the program emphasized generic studies and assessments (both area-wide and project
type) while continuing necessary work on site-specific assessments and EISs.
FEDERAL AGENCIES COMPLIANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,058,700 supported by 56.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,358,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $700,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $74,700 and $700,000, respectively, and an increase
of 3.0 total workyears. The additional $700,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation and 3.0 workyears will enable the Agency to work with
American Indian governments to ensure that EPA programs are implemented on reserva-
tion lands. Resources will be used to review and comment on draft and final EISs.
The Agency will place 'increased emphasis on advice to Federal agencies on pollution
control methods and requirements, compliance monitoring, and dispute resolution
under Executive Order 12088. Particular emphasis will be placed on hazardous
waste problems on Federal installations.
1-22
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$2,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985,'the Agency is allocating a total of $2,284,000 supported by 53.0 total
workyears to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. EPA is continuing to identify and resolve environmental concerns at an
early stage and is increasing overall input in the project development process.
The Agency adopted an Indian Policy in 1985, and initial work is proceeding toward
implementation of the Policy.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$25,900 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$25,900) This program was increased by +$25,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,955,900 supported by 49.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The program placed emphasis on identifying and resolving environmental
concerns at an early stage in the project development process. In addition, it
reviewed and commented on over 1,000 major Federal actions. It also prepared an
Indian Policy that is now in effect.
1-23
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Accelerated Review and Permitting
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Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1986.
Program Description
This program contained the resources for the Accelerated Review and Permitting
program. It expedited development of energy-related and other important projects
in an environmentally sound manner. It augmented the resources of EPA's permitting,
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) review, and EIS preparation programs.
ACCELERATED REVIEW AND PERMITTING
1986 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting funding for this activity in 1986.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency did not allocate resources to this program because the
anticipated workload for accelerated permitting did not materialize.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 budget. '^1
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $106,900 for this program, all of
which was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The program
emphasized development of streamlined permit review procedures and environmental
assessment at an early stage in project development.
1-25
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1-26
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1986.
Program Description
This program encouraged academic training in the environmental sciences by
providing economic support, through fellowships and training grants, to students
who are interested in entering this field. This program is being phased-out in
1985.
INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING GRANTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency is not requesting funding for this activity in 1986.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,000 for this program within
the Office of Research and Development (ORD), all of which is for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation. Resources are being used to begin the phase-
out of this program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$700,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$733,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$733,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
-Reprogramming. (+$33,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net increase of +$33,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $476,700 to this program within the
Office of Research and Development all of which was for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The program funded 20 minority fellowships.
1-27
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-30
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring 1-32
Enforcement Policy & Operations 1-34
1-29
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,546,200 supported by 335.1 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $118,200 and an increase of 10 total workyears from 1985.
Of the request $15,490,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,055,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
decreases of $47,700 and $70,500 respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring — The
National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides Headquarters and Regional
Offices with technical support for litigation development in nationally managed
cases; cases with precedential implications; criminal cases; cases with multi-
Regional impacts; cases involving unique technological requirements and complexity;
and cases which exceed a Region's capability and resources. NEIC plans, develops,
and provides technical assistance for civil and criminal cases involving all
statutes administered by the Agency.
Enforcement Policy and Operations -- This program element provides the legal
component of Agency enforcement programs in all non-Superfund media. The Headquar-
ters component has as its objectives implementation of all aspects of legal enforce-
ment activities in which EPA is a plaintiff and provision of consistent direction
and coordination of Agency legal enforcement policies, strategies, and case devel-
opment activities. In addition, the Headquarters component is responsible for
oversight of the Agency's compliance efforts,- including establishment of Agency-
wide criteria for use in the development of media-specific compliance strategies,
the negotiation of compliance and enforcement commitments, and the overview of the
implementation of strategies and program objectives. The Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring conducts cross-media analyses of Agency compliance and
enforcement activities and acts as a leader in fostering new compliance and enforce-
ment approaches. The criminal investigations program and attendant legal support
is provided for in this program element.
The Regional component provides legal support for enforcement actions and re-
solution of compliance problems. Consultation with Regional media program clients
for development of effective compliance monitoring and enforcement strategies,
including advice on strategies for use of administrative and judicial remedies is
provided for. Preparation of judicial enforcement actions and support of ongoing
caseload to achieve equitable resolution and swift return of violators to compli-
ance is emphasized. Cooperation with State enforcement agencies in pursuit of
timely and appropriate enforcement remedies and maintenance of an effective Federal
enforcement presence are among the goals of this program.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,896,000 supported by 66.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,190,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,705,300 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents decreases of $142,600 and $70,500 respectively, and no change in
total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide
reductions to pay and administrative services. The decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects decentralization of the Evidence Audit program.
1-32
-------
This program element covers the activities of the National Enforcement
Investigations Center (NEIC) with respect to support of all non-Superfund enforce-
ment actions. In 1986, NEIC will continue to provide case development support in
nationally managed cases having precedential implications, unique technological
requirements and complexity, multi—Regional impacts, and resource requirements
exceeding Regional capabilities. NEIC will emphasize development of rigorous tech-
nical compliance monitoring procedures particularly -with respect to groundwater
contamination, the air toxics strategy, toxics in all media, and municipal and
pretreatment compliance. Efforts will continue to improve technical support to
criminal investigations and case preparation through greater access to appropriate
data bases, and improved technical investigative and evidence audit support.
Improved'procedures for the development of viable cases under the Safe Drinking
Water Act with particular emphasis upon protection and restoration of groundwater
supplies and imminent and substantial endangerment cases under Sec. 1431 will be
instituted. Emphasis will be placed on viable case file development and evidence
audits. Priority will be afforded to investigations, cases, and remedial actions
having potential for a high degree of environmental improvement. NEIC will also
continue to provide technical leadership in executing field and laboratory data
analyses in support of special studies involving crossmedia geographic initiatives.
The NEIC will continue to direct the investigative portion of the criminal
enforcement program. This work will include the conduct of preliminary inquiries
and investigations, development of referrals, and provision of post-referral sup-
port.' While the NEIC will continue to provide program direction and management
support, investigative resources will continue to be carried in Enforcement Policy
and Operations.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The decrease of
-$118,600 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects reductions
to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,109,100 supported by 66.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,333,300 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,775,800 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1985 NEIC's operations include the following support to media specific
activities: support to civil cases potentially leading to Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) prosecutions; development of computerized information
searches for RCRA preliminary investigations, and extensive laboratory support to
RCRA investigations; audit of contract performance of major Department of Defense
contractors engaged in hazardous waste transportation and disposal; and provision
of expert testimony in cases developed in prior years. NEIC also provides techni-
cal support in the effort to gain control of the illegal blending of hazardous
wastes with domestic fuel oil burned in low temperature boilers.
NEIC support to enforcement of the Clean Water Act in 1985 involves laboratory
analysis and technical expert testimony for civil judicial actions; conduct of
technical information searches for Regional investigations; support of groundwater
protection by providing laboratory analysis, strategy, and policy reviews; con-
duct of evidence audits in support of the pretreatment initiative; provision of
technical leadership in cases of large, complex municipal treatment facilities
which are malfunctioning or failing to meet permit limitations; and executing
field and laboratory data analysis in support of special studies in a major
industrialized area in which surface and groundwater quality have been seriously
affected.
1-33
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NEIC support to the Clean Air Act enforcement program during 1985 includes
laboratory support to enforcement cases; computerized information searches; auto
tampering investigations; and laboratory support to the mobile source lead-in-gas
program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$28,700 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$61,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional rep^ogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$114,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$175,000 to the Abatement, Control and Com-
pliance appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$32,300) This program was increased by +$32,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,680,1DO supported by 54.7
total workyears for this program, of which $2,886,900 was for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $793,200 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. '
Case preparation activities and technical support to enforcement actions
against significant violators were provided. Sample permits and emissions moni-
toring protocols and requirements were developed ana testing for violations of
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants continued. Tampering
and defect surveys also continued. The NEIC provided compliance evaluations,
performance audit inspections, multi-media inspections, and evaluations of major
publicly owned treatment works suspected of noncompliance, as well as case support.
Technical assistance was also provided to the. pesticides and toxics enforcement
efforts.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1986Program Request
The Agency requests $12,650,200 supported by 268.7 total workyears for this
program, of which $12,300,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $350,000 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance1 appropriation. This
represents an increase of $94,900 in Salaries and Expenses, no change in Abatement,
Control and Compliance, and an increase of 10.0 total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects support to wo'rkyear increases. The increase in
total workyears reflects additional support to enforcement olC the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
At Headquarters, legal enforcement resources will be devoted to the priority
areas of continued policy development and management of nationally significant
cases under the reauthorized RCRA and continued national operation of the criminal
enforcement program, with emphasis on development of national policy and legal
precedent for use by Regions and States. Monitoring and assessment of the imple-
mentation of enforcement initiatives begun in FY 1984 and Fv 1985, and adjustment
or elaboration of policy guidance as needed (for example, review of civil penalty
policies, monitoring State and Federal enforcement relationships, managing an Agency
strategic planning process for compliance/enforcement programs, for all media expand-
ed administrative enforcement under RCRA, groundwater and National Municipal
1-34
-------
Policy strategy) will continue. Headquarters will continue support to Regions in
management of new and ongoing litigation through policy interpretation, select
participation in critical national cases, and management of contract resources to
provide expert witnesses for resolution of civil litigation. There will be con-
tinued implementation of compliance planning and evaluation functions, with empha-
sis on use of special studies to assess the current effectiveness of environmental
enforcement. Additionally, stewardship of the Agency's information base on ju-
dicial enforcement activity and exploration of new and better ways to achieve and
maintain statutory compliance and to improve environmental quality will continue.
In 1986, the most critical priority for Regional legal enforcement is
management of the ongoing caseload generated by prior year actions, coupled with
judicial referral initiation in appropriate response to statutory violations.
Speedy and effective follow through will be essential to reap the environmental
benefits of returning sources to compliance and to continue the Agency's credible
enforcement presence.
In addition, Regions will initiate actions supportive of national policy
emphases, such as: (1) support for RCRA adjudicatory hearings (flowing from 1984/
1985 complaints and the RCRA Civil Penalty Policy) (2) support of the National
Municipal Policy, and National Pollution Discharge Elimination System evidentiary
hearings; (3) support for the groundwater initiative through Safe Drinking Water
Act and RCRA referrals; (4) support for the criminal enforcement initiative.
Significant energy will be devoted to successful ongoing oversight of the
State and Federal enforcement agreements first negotiated in 1984 and operated for
their first year in 1985, with particular attention paid to assuring the use' of
timely and appropriate enforcement actions.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$58,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985-Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,555,300 supported by 258.7
total workyears for this program, of which $12,205,300 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $350,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The thrust of this program in 1985 is the maintenance of vigorous enforcement
and compliance monitoring partnerships established with the States in 1984, to
produce maximum environmental results with the most effective combination of
national policy direction and Regional line management. Activities at Headquarters
include implementation and monitoring of the State-Federal partnership in enforce-
ment of environmental laws; maintenance of the criminal investigation and enforce-
ment program; explicit articulation and updating of national enforcement priorities
and legal enforcement policies for major media programs; and support of Regional
legal enforcement activities to insure equity of treatment for the regulated
community and a firm national enforcement posture.
Regional legal enforcement resources are being devoted to resolution of
ongoing judicial and administrative cases, generation of civil referrals most
likely to improve environmental quality through returning significant violators
to compliance, and maintaining a credible presence. Regional legal staff are working
closely with media and State counterparts to select appropriate strategies and
choice of enforcement tools. Legal time has been devoted to careful consultation
1-35
-------
earlier in the compliance monitoring and enforcement process to hasten positive
outcomes and avoid protracted negotiation or litigation. The result has been
generation of a high number of enforcement actions which promise major compliance
payoffs, and increased use of administrative remedies in some statutory programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$559,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (+$213,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
increase of +$213,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$219,900) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$219,900 to the Salari.es and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$125,900) This program was increased by +$125,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $10,475,000 supported by 225.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $10,292,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $182,500 was for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1984 the overall quality, consistency, and- timeliness of Agency response
to problems of noncompliance was improved by implementing at Headquarters a new
compliance monitoring function to provide leadership, analysis, and oversight of
Agency and State compliance and enforcement activities. Management systems were
developed to foster accountability and consistency in Agency enforcement actions
throughout the country.
The Regional legal resources allocated for 1984 were used to help select
appropriate enforcement responses to instances of noncompliance that were identified
in various State, local, and source reports, or through inspections or complaints.
Legal personnel in the Regions initiated and provided trial counsel for administra-
tive hearings under the various statutes. Resources provide for the legal review
of and concurrence on certain administrative notices and enforcement orders and
proposed administrative penalties. Regional resources are also used for the de-
velopment, initiation, and conduct of civil and criminal litigation for all media.
In addition, considerable emphasis was placed on the development of enforcement
agreements with States which included clear articulation of timely and appropriate
responses to violations and ground rules for Federal oversight.
1-36
-------
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Chemical Jesting & Assessment TS-8
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies TS-24
Toxics Integration TS-27
Chemical Testing TS-29
Existing Chemical Review TS-31
New Chemical Review TS-35
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-39
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-41
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants TS-43
TS-1
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TS-2
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides the Agency with the authority
and responsibility to protect human health and the environment from unreasonable
risks arising from the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of chemicals.
TSCA's provisions cover over 60,000 existing chemicals already in commerce when
TSCA was passed and all new chemicals manufactured after establishment of the TSCA
Inventory of Chemical Substances. EPA's strategy for implementing TSCA contains
five major program goals.
Reduce Significant Risks From Existing Chemicals
Increasing our capability to assess and control existing chemical problems
is the highest priority in the 1986 TSCA program. TSCA has the capability to con-
trol risks early in a chemical's life cycle. Effective implementation of TSCA can
prevent problems which the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, Clean Air Act, Clean Water
Act, and Safe Drinking Water Act would have to deal with later. Many significant
existing chemical problems are now being addressed, and we are receiving signifi-
cant amounts of data from testing programs that lead us to be concerned about
additional existing chemicals that may need action. This emphasis on existing
chemicals will be reflected in all functions, including the regulatory program,
enforcement in the Regions, and in State programs.
There are two major chang°s in 1986. We will increase resources, which will
be shifted from other TSCA programs, to allow us to move a greater number of
chemicals through the necessary existing chemical review and analysis steps. We
will also begin to address a broader range of chemical problems by focusing some
evaluations on chemical structure and use categories, such as those being consider-
ed for Section 5(b)(4) rulemaking in the new chemical program. Specific objectives
are to (1) identify and evaluate -potential risks of suspect chemicals; (?) initiate
and promulgate regulatory actions to reduce identified risks; (3) use TSCA's uni-
que features to approach cross-media pollution problems in an integrated manner;
and (4) strengthen State capacity to deal with existing chemical problems and
ensure compliance with regulations.
Address Hazards From Asbestos
EPA's asbestos program has two separate but closely related components—the
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) and the Asbestos Action Program. Both
are managed under the Existing Chemical Review program.
Implementation of ASHAA is just beginning, and our experience over the next
year will undoubtedly influence the direction of future abatement efforts. We
estimate that by 1986, funds made available by ASHAA will have been allocated so
that the Nation's neediest schools can proceed with appropriate abatement.
The Asbestos Action Program is carefully evaluating the course of the ASHAA
program during 1985 and will make changes found necessary in 1986. The Action Pro-
gram will provide technical assistance to interested parties and will emphasize to
the States the need for contractor certification programs to ensure that proper
abatement is selected and done effectively. We will also concentrate on efforts
to limit the risks from commercial uses of asbestos. Specific objectives are to
(1) strengthen the asbestos-in-schools and public buildings program; (?) ensure
that schools are in compliance with the asbestos-in-schools rule; and (3) work
on regulations to address commercial manufacture, use, and exposure to asbestos.
TS-3
-------
Prevent Risks From New Chemical Substances
In 1986, our emphasis in the new chemicals program will be to continue to
operate a careful but efficient program that prevents hazardous new chemi-
cals, including genetically engineered substances, from entering the marketplace
and posing an unreasonable risk to society. We will propose a rule requiring sub-
mission of supplemental data with the premanufacture notice for categories of
chemicals that routinely cause concern because of the absence of chronic effects
data. We will also initiate a study to validate the use of structure-activity
relationships as a predictor of hazard. Specific program objectives are to (1)
subject all new chemicals to a meaningful review, taking prompt action on those
that pose an unreasonable risk; (2) protect society against risks which may develop
as new chemicals are commercialized; and (3) insure integrity of data submitted
to EPA.
Ensure Compliance With Toxic Substances Regulations
The major compliance monitoring objectives in 1986 are to expand coverage of
the regulated community with the assistance of cooperating State agencies, to
provide increased technical assistance in the area of asbestos abatement, and to
improve the quality of data submitted to the Agency under "SCA Section 4 testing
requirements . To realize these objectives, EPA will increase the number of States
participating in the Toxic Substances Cooperative Enforcement Agreement program.
These State programs will emphasize compliance monitoring in the areas of asbestos
and PCBs. Federal staff will provide additional case development and technical
assistance. Since the States cannot initiate TSCA enforcement actions, the Agency
is responsible for case development arising from State inspections. The Agency
will provide additional asbestos-related technical assistance to school officials
and other parties with asbestos abatement concerns. In addition, the Agency will
increase its emphasis on data integrity. The laboratory data integrity program
will be expanded to include full-scale audits of data submitted to the Agency
pursuant to Section 4 testing rules and voluntary testing agreements.
Research and Development on Emerging Health Problems
The Toxic Substances research program provides -the scientific basis needed
to implement TSCA through a combination of health, engineering, monitoring, en-
vironmental processes, and risk assessment activities. Scientific data and meth-
ods developed through these efforts enable FPA, through TSCA actions, to protect
human health and the environment from unreasonable risk while minimizing the impact
on industry.
In 1986, the research program will continue to develop, evaluate, and vali-
date test methods and models in support of TSCA test guidel-ines. A substantial
expansion of the toxics research program will provide the Agency with new kinds
of information on the health and environmental risks posed by the production and
use of chemical substances. These resources will be used to develop environ-
mental risk assessment methods and to initiate studies in epidemiology and re-
productive toxicology. New test methodologies will be designed to assess the
environmental and health effects of bioengineered organisms. Additional resources
will be used to evaluate control technologies f-or new and existing chemicals in
support of the Office of Toxic Substances.
TS-4
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
1984
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Toxics Integration
Intermedia Priority Pollutant
Documents Produced 3
Multi-media Chemical Strategies
Initiated/Completed 2
Existing Chemical Review
Substantial Risk Notices
Reviewed 357*
Sec. 4/NTP Studies Received 178
Chemical-Specifie Evaluations
Underway •„ 42
Category Evaluations Initiated. **
Section 6 Rules: ANPR/Proposed. 10
SNUR/Non-Trigger Section 8
Rules: Proposed/Final 3
ITC Triggered Section 8 Rules:
Proposed/Final 8
New Chemical Review
Biotechnology PMNs Processed... 0
SNUR/Section 8 Rules: Proposed. 18
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Laboratory Inspections 47
Test Study Audits
Inspections, Section 5 212
Inspections, Section 6:
PCB Inspections *** 1440
Asbestos Inspections **** 2046
Inspections, Section 8 162
Notices of Violation 1349
Administrative Orders 376
Civil Litigation 16
Criminal Litigation 3
Cumulative Outputs
Chemical Testing
Initial ITC Testing Decisions.. 70
Post-Initial ITC Testing
Decisions 18
Non-ITC Testing Decisions...... 1
Test Guide!ines/GLPs Published. 90
Budget Current
Estimate Estimate
1985 1985
Increase (+)
Estimate Decrease (-)
1986 1986 vs. 1985
50
330
60
**
6
12
4
10
15
50
320
1900
1525
340
400*
200
60
**
9
12
4
5
15
50
320
1800
2425
340
1737
468
16
6
400*
200
85
2
11
17
4
10
10
25
65
320
2460
3600
340
2269
611
20
9
+25
+2
+2
+5
+5
-5
-25
+65
+660
+ 1175
+532
+143
+4
+ 3
85
38
2
95
79
29
2
96
92
46
2
96
+13
+ 17
TS-5
-------
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimate Decrease (-)
1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 vs. 1985
Cumulative Outputs
Existing Chemical Review
Chemical Advisories 4 8 9 , 15 +6
Section 6 Rules: Final 13 17 14 18 +4
Section 9 Referrals 003 7+4
PCB Disposal Permits Reviewed. 22 37 32 42 +10
New Chemical Review
PMN Notices Processed :.. 4201 5851 5401 6701 +1300
PMN Control Actions 345 465 445 555 +110
SNUR/Section 8 Rules: Final... 2 17 17 32 +15
* Includes initial and supplemental notices.
** New budget category for 1986.
*** Includes Federal and State inspections.
**** Includes Federal, State and contractor inspections.
TS-6
-------
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paae
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Chemical Testing & Assessment TS-8
TS-7
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TS-10
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
= = = s = = = = = == = = = ===: = = s
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods to Identify and Assess Health and
Environmental Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA
0 Journal article on cytogenic methods for detecting chromosome damage (Health)
Objective 2: Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Envi-
ronmental Exposure to Chemicals Under TSCA
0 Protocol and support document 'for characterizing indirect photolysis of toxic
chemicals (Env. Processes)
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA
Studies
° Report on environmental factors which limit and control survival and growth of
new genotype (Env. Processes)
Objective 4: Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluationsand Assessments, and
Control Quality of Agency Risk Assessment
0 Journal article on predictive models for dose effects of asbestiform minerals
(Health)
0 Report describing technology and engineering assessments of genetically engi-
neered organisms (Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and Ne_w
Use Reviews
0 Report describing the treatability and toxicity removal of azo dyes in typical
treatment processes (Env. Technology)
Objective 7: Provide Engineering Support for Existing Chemical Regulation
0 Interim reports on the effectiveness of currently used remedial technologies
and the alternatives for asbestos (Env. Technology)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods to Identify and Assess Health and
Environmental Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA ".
0 Report on low-cost multiple species test for initial screening of chemicals for
ecotoxic effects (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and
Environmental Exposure to Chemicals Under TSCA
0 Field report on Phase II of the TEAM Study of exposures to toxic organics
in three cities (Monitoring)
TS-11
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0 Survey design report for Human Exposure Assessment Locations (HEALs) Study
(Monitoring)
Objective 3: Develop and Validate Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA
Studies
0 Planning report on modeling approach needed for environmental risk assessment
(Env. Processes).
° Report on workshop on viruses in relation to biotechnology (Health)
Objective 4: Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments,
and Control Quality of Agency Risk Assessment
0 Preliminary report on environmental impacts and control technology of geneti-
cally engineered organisms (Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and New
Use Reviews
° Report on Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) method to predict mode of toxic
actions for PMN chemicals (Env. Processes)
Objective 6: Methods Development and QA Support for TSCA Data Acquisition and
Analysis"
0 Report on producing azo dye reference standards for environmental monitoring
(Monitoring)
Objective 7: Provide Engineering Support for Existing Chemical Regulation
° Report on environmental release of asbestos substitutes "rom commercial products
use and disposal (Env. Technology)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Develop andValidate Test Methods To Identify and Assess Health and
Environmental Hazards ofChemicals Under TSCA
° Journal article entitled "Methods for Detection and Significance of Genetic
Damage in Germ Cells" (Health)
° Report on short-term assay to define ecological risk associated with sediment-
bound toxic chemicals (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Envi-
mental Exposure to Chemicals Under TSCA
° Journal article on substances sorption and toxicity of dyes to microbial
population (Env. Processes)
Objective 4: Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments, and
Control Quality of Agency Risk Assessment'
° Oversight and review of Formaldehyde Risk Assessment (Sci . Assessment)
Objective 5: Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and New
Use Reviews
0 Report on SAR model for use in predicting toxicity of organic compounds to
select marine species (Env. Processes)
TS-12
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Chemical Testing and Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $37,736,100 supported by 200.1 total work-
years for 1986, an increase of $11,762,900 and 9.3 total workyears from 1985. Of
the request, $11,335,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$26,400,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of
$368,400 and an increase of $12,131,300, respectively.
Program Descri ption
The Chemical Testing and Assessment research and development program supports
the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) by providing the scientific tools to implement
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The major needs and objectives of EPA's
toxic substances research efforts which support TSCA activities are as follows:
Objective 1. Develop and Validate Test Methods To Identify and Assess Health
and Environmental Hazards of Chemi cal s Under
"validate envi ronmental
JSCA. The purpose of this objective
is to~d~e"Velop "arid va!i datTe ehvT~rbnment~a1~~a~nd human health effects tests. OTS pub-
lishes test guidance to assure that industry test data will adequately identify and
assess potential environmental and health hazards due to exposure from chemicals.
Objecti ve 2.
Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and
Environmental Exposure to Chemicals Under TSCA. ~The research identifies major
transport and transformation processes and develops validated models and monitoring
methods and data bases so that the Agency can document and estimate human and
environmental exposures to chemicals.
Objective 3. Develop and Validate Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA
Studies. The effort develops health risk assessment methods that are more reliable
and economical than existing methods and develops methods necessary to evaluate
major health effects for which no adequate assessment methods exist.
Objective 4. Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and_Assessments,
and Control Quality of Agency Risk Assessments.This objective provides scientific
evaluations and assessments to OTS on monitoring and risk assessment problems and
develops defensible methods to estimate the value of adverse health and environ-
mental impacts related to the production, use and disposal of chemicals.
Objective 5. Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturi ng
and New"Use Reviews. The purpose of this research is to develop predictive methods
including structure-activity relationships (SAR) to provide a tool to determine
whether a new chemical poses unreasonable risk or needs additional testing.
Objective 6. Methods Development and QA Support for TSCA Data Acquisition and
Analysi s. This objective supports research to improve measurement methods, fi eld
monitori ng systems and associated quality assurance protocols. Reference banks
and audit programs to assess laboratory 'and field performance are also maintained
to assure the quality of data.
Objecti ve 7.
Provide Engineering Support for Existing Chemical Regulation.
This effort evaluates the release of chemicals in the workplace and to the environ-
ment and assesses measures to limit the release of and exposure to chemicals.
TS-13
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $740,100 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $217,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $522,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents a decrease of $11,200 and an increase of $471,600, respectively. The de-
crease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and
administrative services. The increase in Research and Development will be used
for developing risk assessment procedures for low-dose exposures and metabolic
pathways.
• Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments, and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessment.Thescientific assessment program will be
expanded to perform research which will fill several exposure and risk assessment
data gaps, in support of regulatory decisions by OTS. The additional resources
wi 11 be used both to collect and analyze data for heritable risks from low-dose
exposures, and to perform comparative studies of metabolism pathways in test ani-
mals and humans. Exposure and risk assessments will continue to be reviewed and
portions of assessments will be conducted where specialized expertise is required.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $1,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $279,700 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $228,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $51,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This reflects an increase of $64,300 total dollars over 1984. During 1985, the
research priorities of'1984 remain essentially unchanged.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou ree"s~~v7TF]iTirifh~e~~J'rgTncy to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable und-er the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Rai se. ( + $1,900) This program was increased by +$1,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
TS-14
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $215,400 supported by 2.9 total work-
years for this program, of which $142,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $72,800 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
During .1984, exposure and risk assessments were reviewed for OTS to support
regulatory decision-making under TSCA and preparations were advanced for a report
on dermal absorption. In addition, support was provided by participating in OTS
work groups.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,108,900 supported by 26.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,463,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,645,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $127,300 and an increase of $971,400, respectively,
and an increase of 0.2 workyear. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in
Research and Development will be used to conduct field investigations under the
Human Exposure Assessment Locations (HEALs) program, and to strengthen the Agency's
exposure monitoring systems development activities.
Develop and Validate Test Methods to Identify and Assess Health and Environ-
mentalHazards of Chemicals Under TSCA^ Bi ologi cal monitoring systems wi 1 1 be
validated and standardized for application to field studies. Estimates of sensi-
tivity, specificity and reproducibi 1 i ty will be published to determine whether
individual tests will meet regulatory needs.
Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Environmental
Exposure to Chemicals Under TSCA. TTti s research i ncl udesthe development of a
program pi an alridschedule to establish an Exposure Monitoring Testing Site. The
test site will be selected and established to support future monitoring projects.
Data bases will be established and statistical tools to improve exposure program
design and implementation will be studied. Efforts will begin to evaluate chemical
and biological methods capable of maki ng real time exposure measurenents. Addition-
al resources will be used to support the Agency's HEALs program.
Methods Development and QA Support for TSCA Data Acquisition and Analysis.
Analytical methods and monitoring systems will be expanded to estimate human expo-
sure and quality assurance reagents, and procedures will be established to support
program office field studies to estimate exposure. Sampling and detection methods
will be produced for volatile organics and asbestos monitoring to support regula-
tory activities. Guidelines to support validation and application of environmental
models used to predict human and environmental exposure will continue to be devel-
oped. Direct human exposure monitoring techniques and biological quality assurance
procedures will be developed. These techniques are needed to improve the Agency's
ability to estimate human exposures to toxic substances.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $13,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $213,100 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
TS-15
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,264,800 supported by 26.5
total workyears for this program, of which $1,590,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,674,300 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $1,241,400 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program includes
studies to attempt to identify and quantify azo dyes in the environment and selec-
tion of an environmental monitoring test site. Activities to obtain background
monitoring data are beginning in 1985. Initial design work to establish a World
Health Organization Human Exposure Assessment Location (WHO/HEAL) is being ini-
tiated, and field studies of exposures to volatile organic compounds are being
undertaken.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$253,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$4,200) This reprogramnri ng reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$4,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$261,700) Several reprogrammi ngs ,vere made to this activ-
ity whTchwere not report able under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$255,700 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$6,000 to the Research and Development appro-
pri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$12,900) This program was increased by +$12,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accompli shments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,023,400 supported by 27.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,617,100 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,406,300 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1984 research program completed: standardization of the Ames mutageni-
city assay and the Daphm a toxicity test; guidelines to validate surface water
models and to monitor for asbestos during removal operation:;; analytical and micro-
scopic techniques to detect asbestos; and analytical methods to detect organic
compounds in air. Quality assurance efforts produced PCB reference standards for
envi ronmetnal monitoring asbestos check samples and synthetic urine for use as
lab'ortory quality checks.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,643,600 supported by 65.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,759,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $10,883,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $259,700 and $3,614,000, respectively, and an increase
of 13.8 total workyears. These increases will be used on human exposure, repro-
ductive toxicity, biotechnology and extrapolation research.
TS-16
-------
Develop and Validate Test Methods to Identfy and Assess Health and Environ-
mental Hazards of Chemicals Und¥r TSCA. Research will focus on development and
validation of existing methodology for tests to be incorporated into TSCA Section
4 guidelines. Expanded research in this area will also develop methods to assess
the potential health and genetic hazards of viral and bacterial agents used in the
biotechnology field. Biologically engineered organisms represent a rapidly growing
class of substances about which EPA has little health effects information (or
assessment methodologies), and which should be subject to the New Chemical Review
program under TSCA.
Develop and Validate Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA Studies. Meth-
ods wTTTbe developedforextrapolating animaldata to humanFTskof mutagenesis
and card nogenesi s, as well as such other potential adverse health effects as
neurobehavioral and reproductive effects. At present the Agency has relatively
little information about health effects other than cancer, and public concern is
growing in these areas. A data management system will be developed to identify
the characteristics of organisms which are useful for determining potential
health risks from biotechnology products. Epidemiology research will be expanded.
To improve the sensitivity of epidemiology and toxicity studies, ORD will also
expand bi omoni tori ng and clinical screening efforts.
Research will be expanded in dosimetry and extrapolation related to geneti-
cally mediated health effects. Research will also be initiated to define the
relationships between biochemical indicators of exposure to neurotoxi cants and
behavioral dysfunctions. Such capabilities will improve the Agency's ability to
perform more reliable risk assessments for purposes of regulatory decisions.
Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments, and Con-
trol Quality of Agency Risk Assessment^ Thi s research wi 11 provide data of prior-
ity i nterest to DTS on the adverse effects of inhaled asbestos and asbestos-like
fibers. The overall goal is to provide a model to predict risk associated with
various asbestos-like fibers, in support of OTS asbestos regulatory activities.
Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and New Use
Revi ews^Thi s research wi 11 focus on development of methods to predict genetic,
carcinogenic, and other toxic effects, based on molecular structure, using pattern
recognition, statistical and thermodynamic techniques.
1985 Resci ssi on
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual , and consulting services. The reduction of
$7,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of $371,300 in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,769,900 supported by 51.3
total workyears for this program, of which $3,500,100 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,269,800 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $1,205,200 total dollars over 1984.
The difference between the 1984 and 1985 programs reflects an increase in the
Agency's epidemiology efforts as well as development of risk methods for new chem-
ical s.
TS-17
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$343,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$262,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$262,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. (-$106,000) Several reproqrammi ngs .vere made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$106,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ation.
-Pay Raise. (+$25,000) This program was increased by +$25,000 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $9,564,700 supported by 48.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,197,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,367,500 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, final reports were completed on the methods for detection an signi-
ficance of genetic damage in germ cells and the use of the model substrate assay
in developmental toxicology.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,718,100 supported oy 10.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $518,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,200,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $33,400 and $2,821,000 respectively, and an increase
of 1.5 total workyears. These increases will be used for new and existing chemical
release and control research and evaluation of methods ';o contain and destroy
genetically engineered organisms.
Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments, and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessment.Expandedresearchactivities will provide pre-
liminary technology and engineering assessments of potential environmental contami-
nation, as well as physical, chemical and biological techniques and devices to
contain and destroy genetically engineered organisms. This program supports OTS
i n PMN revi ews.
Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and New Use
Revi ews. The development of models to predict the release of and exposure to nav
chemi cal s will be significantly accelerated. This research will address those
classes of chemicals for which the Agency does not have adequate information on the
degree to which existing control systems limit their release, resulting in more
effective PMN decisions by OTS.
Provide Engineering Support for Existing Chemical Regulation. Research on
alternatives to mitigate the release of and exposure to specific existing chemicals
will be accelerated. This research supports OTS' Existing Chemicals program,
enabling the Agency to efficiently control (rather than ban) the introduction of
valuable new products while making more reliable regulatory decisions on existing
chemi cal s.
TS-18
-------
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audi o-vi sual , and consulting services. The reduction
of $2,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $863,700 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $484,700 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $379,000 is for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $168,900 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program includes
new research on the effectiveness of currently used remedial technologies and the
alternatives for asbestos, and environmental impacts and control technology of
genetically engineered organisms.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$240,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogr'amnri ng. (-$1,200) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of re-
sour ceTl/TTnTrTThTTgeHcy to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$236,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity whTchwerenotreportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$57,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net increase of +$179,000 to the Research and Development
appropri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$4,400) This program was increased by +$4,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $694,800 supported by 9.0 total work-
years for this program, of which $324,800 was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $370,000 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Accomplishments included the preparation of reports on environmental release
of asbestos and its substitutes from commercial products use and disposal, the
development of models to predict the effectiveness of chemical protective clothing
for classes of substances, and the development of an approach to estimate the
release from polyelectrolyte use in wastewater treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,525,400 supported by 93.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,377,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,148,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $523,000 and an increase of $4,253,300, respectively,
TS-19
-------
and a decrease of 6.2 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The in-
crease in Research and Development will focus on developing methods for environ-
mental risk assessment and developing test methodologies for genetically engineered
organi sms.
Develop and Validate Test Methods to Identify and Assess Health and Environ-
mental Hazards of Chemicals Under TSCA. Tests on the bioavailability of sediment-
bound toxic chemi cal s to freshwater and estuari ne/mari ne benthic species will be
developed and validated. Methods will be developed and validated for measuring
effects and uptake of chemicals by terrestrial plants and avi an species, and which
combination of species and toxicity tests serve as the best predictors.. The test
methods thus developed and validated will be incorporated into TSCA Section 4
gui deli nes.
Develop and Validate Methods to Predict and Monitor Human and Environmental
Exposure to Chemicals Under'TSCA. To support hazard assessment activities under
TSCA. thi s research wTTT develop methodologies for condjcting exposure assess-
ments of chemicals in water, air, and multimedia environments. The models will
be based on sources, exposure pathways, exposed populations, and concentration
levels. Work will focus on inclusion of identified transport and tranformation
processes, pathways of exposure, population characteristics, and environmental
features.
Develop and Val_idate_ Improved Risk Assessment Methods for TSCA Studies.
Scientific rationales and procedures wi11be developedfor evaluating the surviv-
ability, reproduction, transport, distribution, and effects of bi oengi neered organ-
isms in' the environment. The protocol will be used to evaluate bi oengi neered
organisms under PMN review. Expanded research will validate and improve the pre-
cision of protocols for evaluating environmental hazards associated with the
environmental application of engineered organisms. A feasibility study will
address the potential development of broadly applicable data bases and protocols.
Such information would enable the Agency to consistently estimate environmental
effects, rather than on a case-by-case basis. Because the Agency currently has
little information on which to base its regulation of chemicals that have only
environmental effects, new exposure and effects mehtodologi es for determining
environmental risk associated with toxic chemicals will be developed and inte-
grated. Research will focus on identification and evaluation of surrogate spe-
cies tests, and mathematical integration of hazard and exposure information.
The results of this substantially expanded methodological development effort
will be used to evaluate environmental risks associated with new and existing
chemi cal s.
Perform Engineering and Scientific Evaluations and Assessments, and Control
Quality of Agency Risk Assessment.Technical assessments wiTTbe provided toOTS
on complex problems relating to environmental fate, exposure, effects, hazard and
environmental risk of toxic chemicals as necessary for the implementation of TSCA.
This includes critical review of test rule documents for existing chemicals and
screening of selected new chemicals under PMN review, support for validation of
toxicity tests, support for exposure and risk assessments, and assistance in
preparation and update of TSCA test guidelines.
Develop Predictive Techniques in Support of Premanufacturing and New Use
Revi ews~[ Estimation techniques and structure-activity models for evaluating toxic-
ity and fate of chemicals including bi odegradabi 1 i ty in freshwater environments
will be developed. Work to support PMN reviews will include- development of necess-
ary data bases, evaluation of existing models to include a large number of classes
of chemicals, and structure-activity models for evaluating toxicity of chemicals
to terrestrial plants, animals and marine species.
TS-20
-------
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $9,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,795,100 supported by 100.0
total workyears for this program, of which $5,900,200 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,894,900 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $959,300 over 1984.
This expanded program will include research in the areas of biotechnology and
environmental risk assessment. The biotechnology research is concerned with the
development of methodologies for evaluating environmental transport, survival,
hazard and risks associated with bioengineered organisms. These methodologies
wi 11 be used by OTS to evaluate genetically altered organisms under Section 5 of
TSCA.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$125,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogrammi ng. (-$121,500) This reprogrammi ng reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net
decrease of -$121,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammi ngs. ( + $198,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogrammi ng limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$198,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropri ati on.
-Pay Rai se. (+$48,600) This program was increased by +$48,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $7,835,800 supported by 98.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,081,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,753,900 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Fate and toxicity tests were developed and validated for incorporation into
TSCA guidelines. Field validation of tests for defining toxic stress to benthic
communities was completed, as well as fate and effects studies of atrazine in
ponds to evaluate the behavior of this chemical in field situations. The program
made significant progress in developing several structure-activity relationship
(SAR) models for use in evaluating PMN chemicals under TSCA, enabling the Agency
to reduce the number of species required for testing.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH
1986 Program Request
No funds will be requested for this program in 1986.
TS-21
-------
1985 Program
No funds were allocated for this program in 1985.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $666,600 and no workyears for this
program, all of which was for the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1984, research was conducted on the long tern health effects of low
dose exposure to toxic chemicals.
TS-22
-------
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Strategies TS-24
Toxics Integration TS-27
Chemical Testing TS-29
Existing Chemical Review TS-31
New Chemical Review TS-35
TS-23
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $44,869,700 supported by 487.5 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $3,009,900 and a decrease of 11.4 total workyears from
1985. Of the request, $20,832,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $24,037,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion, a decrease of 5946,900 and $2,063,000, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Toxics Integration -- The najor objective of the Toxics Integration program is
to aid the Agency in formulating policy and making decisions concerning toxic
chemicals in a technically sound and consistent manner that avoids duplication of
effort. As a result, cross-media integration strategies are developed to address
multi-media chemical problems. Another aspect of the Toxics Integration program
is to identify and eliminate gaps in toxic chemical control efforts within EPA and
across various levels of government.
Chemical Testing -- The Chemical Testing program is the focal point for devel-
oping and accumulating data on existing chemicals. Section *• allows EPA to require
testing of specific chemicals or mixtures when insufficient data is available to
determine health and environmental effects. This decision is based on a deter-
mination that a chemical may pose an unreasonable risk or that it is produced in
substantial quantities which may result in significant, human exposure or environ-
mental release.
EPA most respond within one year to the Interagency Testing Committee's (ITC)
lists of chemicals designated for priority testing consideration. Those lists are
published twice yearly. In the initial response to the ITC, EPA may decide that
testing is not necessary and publishes the rationale for that decision. If testing
is required, the "initial" response may he either an advance notice of proposed
rulemaking or a proposed rule. Subsequent rulemaking from these initial decisions
are considered "post-initial" testing actions and may result in either a proposed
or final test rule.
The testing program emphasizes the importance of obtaining test data as quickly
as possible and ensuring that data is of high quality and defensible for regulatory
purposes. This requires the publication of acceptable test -nethodologies and good
laboratory practices as well as conducting a comprehensive laboratory/data audit.
program. ITC testing designations are given priority consideration; however, EPA
can require testing on other chemicals of concern.
Existing Chemical Review — The Existing Chemical Review program encompasses
the more than 60,000 chemicals listed on the TSCA Inventory of Chemical Substances.
The goal of the program is to reduce or eliminate unreasonable risks to society from
these chemicals. To accomplish this EPA (1) looks at known information on existing
chemicals, (2) determines whether there might be a problem associated with the
chemical, (3) assesses the magnitude of the problem, (4) decides what to do about
it, and (5) translates the solution into action. This process of evaluating a
chemical's risks as it moves through the review cycle is referred to as the existing
chemical pipeline.
TSCA authority over existing chemicals is broad. It includes Section 4, which
allows EPA to order testing; Section 8, which permits us to gather information
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which is already available to manufacturers and processors; Section 6, which allows
us to control a chemical at any stage in its life cycle or ban it completely; and
Section 9, which allows us to refer a chemical to another, more appropriate, regula-
tory Agency for action.
Staff funded by this program also administers the Asbestos in Schools Loans
and Grants program, which was established to implement the Asbestos School Hazard
Abatement Act of 1984.
New Chemical Review -- The New Chemical Review program reflects the preventive
philosophy of TSCA by reviewing the potential effects of all new chemicals before
they are manufactured or imported. EPA may also define a significant new use of
an existing chemical as a new chemical. The objective of the program is to conduct
meaningful reviews on all new chemical notices and take prompt action on those
that require additional data or pose concerns potentially warranting control.
Manufacturers and importers are required to submit to the Agency a 90-day advance
notification of their intent to manufacture or import a new chemical substance or
an existing chemical substance for a designated significant new use.
EPA imposes a variety of control actions on new chemicals of concern. These
actions include voluntary actions on the part of the submitter, withdrawal of the
notice, and issuance of Section 5(e) and 5(f) orders. Section 5(e") orders are
issued when a chemical "may present" an unreasonable risk. The majority of these
are made with the "consent" of the PMN submitter and result in limited manufacture
of the substance, albeit with restrictions, until more definitive information is
obtained. The authority of Section ^(f) is invoked when a chemical is found to
present an unreasonable risk. This often results in the promulgation of an immedi-
ately effective Section 6(a) rule which bans production of the chemical. The
Section 5(h)(4) exemption provision allows EPA to exclude low risk chemicals from
full review requirements while the authorities of Section 5(a)(2) enable the Agency
to continue Section 5 coverage as chemicals develop.
TOXICS INTEGRATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,336,900 supported by 12.8 total workyears for
this program, of which 5605,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $731,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of S223,700 and a decrease of $5?5,000, respectively, and a
decrease of 5.0 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. An additional reduc-
tion for Salaries and Expenses and the reduction in total workyears represents a
shift of workyears made possible by the completion of CSIN efforts and efficiencies
in chemical coordination activities. This shift will permit expansion of the Exist-
ing Chemical Review and Toxic Substances Enforcement programs. The decrease in
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects completion of the conversion of the
Chemical Substances Information Network (CSIN) to a microcomputer format.
The 1986 Toxics Integration program will emphasize the identification and
coordination of chemical issues of cross-media concern, and increase the utility of
TSCA-generated data, risk assessment tools and TSCA authority to Federal, State, and
local agencies dealing with toxics substances issues. TSCA information exchange
with other EPA offices, States, Regions, other Federal government agencies, and
international organizations will continue. State activities will he coordinated
through the National Governors' Association and other organizations, while Federal
agency activities will be coordinated through the Interagency Toxic Substances Data
Committee.
International information exchange will occur through participation in the
International Program on Chemical Safety, the International Register of Potentially
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Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC), and the Office of Economic Cooperation and Development's
Switchboard program. Shared information will include data collected under Section 4
testing programs and Section 8 information collection rules, as well as other
technical and scientific knowledge gained during the implementation of TSCA. EPA
will continue to prepare Intermedia Priority Pollutant documents which provide
current regulatory and scientific information on toxic chemicals with cross-media
implications. EPA will continue to provide assistance through the National
Governors' Association to ongoing State programs as an aid in building their own
toxics management capability.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,085,600 supported by 17.8
total workyears for this program, of which $829,500 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and SI,256,100 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The development of cross-media chemical strategies and better communication
with States and Regions are being emphasized. l\le are pursuing cross-media chemical
problems by developing strategies that serve to avoid duplication of effort in the
Agency's approach to multi-media issues. Strategies on hexachlorobenzene and
solvents are being initiated.
EPA is continuing an interactive information sharing program with other EPA
offices, States, Regions, other Federal government agencies, and international
organizations. This includes important regulatory and technical data sources.
We are preparing intermedia priority pollutant documents on acrylamide, alkyltins,
and cresols and updating the EPA Chemical Activity Status Report, which provides
brief descriptions of activities on over 8,000 chemical's.
During 1985, we are finishing the conversion of the Chemical Substances
Information Network to a microcomputer environment; no resources will be expended
toward adding additional subscribers or data bases. When completed, the CSIN
microsoftwaje will be made available, through the National Technical Information
Service, eliminating the need for further EPA funding.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$5,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$2,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$2,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$8,700) This program was increased by +$8,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $2,766,100 supported by 115.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $778,900 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,987,200 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The 1984 Toxics
Integration program emphasized the identification and coordination of cross-media
chemical problems, the full use of TSCA's broad authorities, and the establishment
of efficient information sharing channels with States and Regions.
Chemical strategies were developed to coordinate Agency efforts on cross-media
chemical problems. Through this integration mechanism, cross-media issues related
to arsenic, cotton gin emissions, and lead contamination were resolved; results of a
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previously published lead contamination study were used to formulate a strategy to
deal with lead-contaminated soil around other smelter sites; and an Agency-wide
strategy on hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was initiated. We also pursued efforts to make
other EPA program offices aware of TSCA's flexible information gathering and control
authorities.
Information exchange mechanisms were established.with five EPA Regions and two
States. Other activities included compiling and sharing regulatory and scientific
information on toxic substances. Intermedia Priority Pollutant documents on ben-
zene, PCBs, dioxin and five chlorinated solvents were updated; documents were
developed on chlordane, nickel, and ethylene dibromide, £08. The fourth edition of
the EPA Chemical Activities Status Report was published. The Chemical Substances
Information Network added four new data bases and 50 new subscribers. EPA began the
conversion of the network from a mini-computer operating environment to a micro-
computer environment.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,678,200 supported by 86.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,769,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and 54,908,300 wi 11 be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $1,017,000 and a decrease of $4,118,000 respectively, and
a decrease of 26.0 total workyears. The decrease reflects a reduced effort in
establishing test guidelines (a majority of which have already been published),
progress in finalizing past testing decisions, and planned efficiencies in develop-
ing test rules. This shift will permit expansion of the Existing Chemical Review
and Toxic Substances Enforcement programs.
In 1986, the Agency will continue to emphasize a test rule process that faci-
litates obtaining test data quickly and ensures that data are of high quality. Ue
will also work through the ITC to bring about efficiencies in its operation.
Statutory and court-ordered deadlines 'will continue to be met. The Agency will
publish initial testing deci'sions on the 15th ITC list (seven chemicals), the 16th
ITC list (an estimated five chemicals), and one 14th list recommended chemical.
Recommended chemicals are not subject to the one year statutory deadline. Data
development activities will be initiated for chemicals designated on the 17th and
18th ITC lists.
Substantial effort will go toward finalizing past testing actions, some of
which were subject to the 1984 court suit. The final phase two test rule will be
published on 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCEA), a chemical cited in a 1984 court suit.
TCEA was EPA's first formal test rule. Beginning in 1985, EPA adopted a single
phase test rule process on all newly designated chemicals so that testing could be
initiated more quickly. Testing decisions on the remaining five chemicals cited in
the Natural Resources Defense Counci1/AFL-CIO law suit will be published by June
1986. The Agency will also continue rulemaking activities on at least seven chemi-
cals and complete four testing actions on chemicals for which preliminary testing
decisions have been published. By the end of 1986, final test rules will have been
published on ten ITC designated chemicals. As final test rules are published, the
Agency will begin to receive applications for exemptions from testing.
Another priority in 1986 is ensuring the continued development of data on
existing chemicals. The data obtained through the Chemical Testing program is
instrumental in narrowing the gap of scientific knowledge on problematic chemicals
and provides the basis for risk management decisions on existing chemicals. In
1986, EPA will continue rulemaking activities on two non-ITC designated chemicals,
diethylene glycol butyl ethers and urea formaldehyde resins. The testing provi-
sions of TSCA may also be used to obtain data on categories of chemicals evaluated
under Section 5(b)(4) in both the new and existing chemical review programs.
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EPA has developed test guidelines based nn the available state-of-the-art
methodologies. Consequently, the test guidelines program will be reduced in 19.86.
We will continue to request public comment on published test guidelines and, based
on these comments as well as advances in the state-of-the-art methodologies, deter-
mine if some guidelines require revision. We will maintain a close working rela-
tionship with the Office of Research and Development, which is in the development
stage on several new test methods needed in the TSCA program. These are in the
areas of upper tier chemical fate and environmental tests, short-term health
screening tests, and biotechnology. We will also continue to participate with
international organizations concerned with harmonizing testing procedures and
participate in data audit activities to ensure that TSCA test data are reliable
and scientifically sound.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act which
requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, printing,
publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The decrease of -$1,234,600
in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to
consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,813,200 supported by 112.0
total workyears for this program, of which 54,786,900 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,026,300 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency's test rule development process will he streamlined so that testing
can be initiated under rulemaking more quickly than the current process allows.
Responses to the four chemicals on the 13th ITC list were published in November
1984; testing was recommended on two of those chemicals. Initial testing decisions
will be issued in May 1985 on the 14th ITC list, which ircludes five chemicals.
During the year data development activities will be initiated for chemicals
designated on the 15th and 16th ITC lists. Non-ITC chemical data development
activities continue on diethylene glycol butyl ether, a chemical identified through
the existing chemical review program.
As a result of the NRDC/AFL-CIO suit, EPA may no longer enter into negotiated
testing agreements with industry on ITC-designated chemicals and must convert
negotiated agreements cited in the NRDC/AFL-CIO suit to test rules. In light of
this decision, finalizing past testing decisions, particularly test rules, is
increasingly important. In 1985, final testing decisions will be published on
eleven chemicals, including three of the lawsuit chemicals. Further, action on
four additional law suit chemicals must be completed by early 1986. Because of
this schedule, all lawsuit chemicals will be worked on this year. A proposed
phase two test rule on TCEA will be published in July 1985; the phase two rule
will provide details on the methodologies and protocols the manufacturer intends
to use to perform the required testing. Actual testing of TCEA will begin after
the phase two rule is promulgated in 1986.
Test guideline activity continues at the 1984 level with publication of
several additional chemical fate and environmental effects test methods. Existing
TSCA test guidelines will be subject to public review and comment to ensure they
are consistent with state-of-the-art methodologies; coorcination with ORD and
with international organizations also continues.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$36,400 results from the following actions:
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-RCRA Reprogrammlrig. (-518,100) This reproyramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation'and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$18,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+554,500) This program was increased by +554,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of 512,152,400 supported by 82.7 total
workyears, of which 53,938,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
58,214,200 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1984, testing actions were taken on a total of 43 chemicals; this
represents the highest level of testing activity in the history of the program.
Initial testing decisions were issued on 30 chemicals; final decisions were issued
on 12 chemicals. Initial decisions included: 14 backlog chemicals published in
December 1983; four chemicals and one category of seven chemicals on the llth ITC
list published in November 1983; and five chemicals on the 12th ITC list published
in July 1984. Testing will be required 'on 19 of the 30 chemicals. Final testing
decisions were published on 12 chemicals, including the first final phase one test
rule requiring developmental toxicity testing of TCEA. The first non-ITC testing
action was initiated: an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on urea formaldehyde
resins was published in flay 1984.
Four new chemical fate guidelines were published in 1984. To date, EPA has
published a total of 90 test guidelines covering 106 test methods. As a group,
these guidelines represent available test methods for long-term health effects
and short-term environmental effects and largely cover the need for guidelines in
the Section 4 testing and Section 5 premanufacture review programs. A review.of
published guidelines resulted in six guidelines being updated. The most signifi-
cant of these updates relates to Acute Toxicology Testing guidelines, commonly
known as LD50 tests, which were revised to reduce the number of test animals to
the minimum required for valid results. A Good Laboratory Standards Rule was also
promulgated. 'This rule specifies requirements for facility operations, maintenance
of equipment, and recordkeeping to assure the quality and integrity of data submitted
under TSCA.
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
1986 Progran Request
The Agency requests a total of 518,389,200 supported by 179.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,628,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and 510,760,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of 5652,300 and 51,080,000 respectively,
and an increase of 21.4 total workyears. This increase, made possible by the
transfer of resources from other TSCA programs, will allow the Agency to increase
the number of existing chemicals in the review pipeline and begin work on category-
based existing chemical evaluations.
In 1986, we will expand the review pipeline to accommodate an additional 20 to
30 chemicals. Currently the existing chemicals review pipeline accommodates work
on about fiO chemicals. The program will be broadened to include .category-based and
use-cluster evaluations. This includes changes that will use new chemical assess-
ments to identify existing chemical categories that warrant our attention.' Some of
these categories will be those covered by the Section 5(b)(4) rulemaking. Category-
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based evaluations offer the advantages of more comprehensive risk assessments, more
equitable controls covering large groups of similar chemicals, and nore expeditious
reduction of risks to society from these chemicals. In addition to using structural
categories we will explore the feasibility of clustering some existing chemical
reviews by use. Risk assessments on use clusters will enhance our ability to
identify appropriate substitutes for the most hazardous chemicals in the use cluster.
We will also give priority attention to completing risk management actions
initiated in previous years. These actions may include final Section 6 rules to
(1) ban trade uses of glycol ethers; (2) ban the use of four asbestos product
categories; (3) phase out remaining importation and mining uses of asbestos; ami
(4) establish standards for undertaking abatement projects to ensure that workers
and other building occupants are not unnecessarily exposed to asbestos during the
abatement project. The Agency is considering a rule to ban the addition of nitrites
to metalworking fluids and to reduce health risks caused by exposure to formaldehyde
in apparel manufacture and in homes. Appropriate risk reduction measures will be
initiated on additional problematic existing chemicals identified during the next
18 months.
Section 9 will be used to refer chemical problems, particularly where workplace
exposure problems are identified, to the most appropriate regulatory agency for
action. This authority has evolved into an important element of our risk management
program since many chemical risks occur in the workplace. Chemical Advisories will
continue to be an important non-regulatory end point of the existing chemicals
program in that they alert industry and the public to potential risks much earlier
than through the regulatory process. We expect to continue to issue four to five
advisories per year.
Risk evaluation activities will continue on chemicals that pose potential
unreasonable risks. Studies will be initiated regarding exposure, market use, and
toxicity. TSCA Sections 3(a), 8(c), and 8(d) will be used to obtain data on chem-
icals under review. These information gathering and reporting provisions will con-
tinue to be used to obtain current production, use and hazard data on chemicals.
Under Section 8(a), we will promulgate a rule to -update1 the TSCA inventory and
publish a proposed rule to obtain comprehensive assessment information on existing
chemicals. Data gathered under TSCA authorities also support the toxic management
activities of other Federal government agencies, as well as Regional and State
programs.
The significant new use provisions of Section 5 and the reporting provisions
of Section 8 will be used to track the future conmerci al development of suspect
existing chemicals that, based on current production and use information, do not
present an unreasonable risk to society. MBOCA is an example of such a chemical;
the Agency is considering publication of a final significant new use rule that
defines "any manufacture of HBOCA in the United States" as a significant new use.
Similar rulenakings are anticipated on 14 chemicals. '
In 1986, EPA will focus on the technical assistance program (TAP), originally
set up in 1979, by continuing its efforts to provide abatement advice to school
officials, abatement contractors, architects, and engineers, as well as building
owners and managers. We will work with State governments to expand their contrac-
tor certification program to ensure adequate training and certification of contrac-
tors involved in asbestos abatement projects. Three regional pilot information
centers will be in operation in 1986 and, depending on their effectiveness, addi-
tional centers will be considered. We will continue to refine guidelines to assist
the public in identifying situations in which asbestos-containing materials present
a serious risk which should be corrected. Additional astestos-in-schools initia-
tives may be undertaken, depending upon the results of our evaluations.
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,65'6,900 supported by 157.7
total workyears for this program, of which $6,976,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,680,300 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropri ation.
Risk management actions on ten chemicals are in progress; completion of those
actions is the major thrust of the 1985 program. These actions include work on a
final Section 6 rule on PCB electrical transformers addressing ways to to avoid
transformer fires; proposed Section 6 Rules on asbestos and glycol ethers;
Section 9 referrals on 4,4'-MDA, glycol ethers, and 1,3-butadiene; significant new
use rules on MBOCA as well as three other chemicals; and chemical advisories on four
to five chemicals.
Risk evaluation activities continues on about 15 to 20 chemicals already
determined to pose potential unreasonable risk-s. These include pentachloroethane,
2-butoxyethanol , toluenediamine, and formaldehyde. We will continue to review
and act on data received through TSCA's screening mechanisms and to use Sections
8(a), 8(c), and 8(d) to obtain additional data on chemicals under review. We plan
to propose a Section 8(a) rule to update production volume and site data on a
group of chemicals currently listed on the TSCA Inventory of Chemical Substances
in Commerce. This information is needed also by other EPA program offices.
EPA's multi-faceted asbestos strategy is designed to further reduce risks
from friable asbestos-containing materials, both in schools and in other public
and private buildings. The strategy incorporates both regulatory and non-regula-
tory approaches to achieve an improved asbestos abatement program. These efforts
are designed to allocate responsibility among Federal, State, and local governments.
Using funds provided under the administrative set-aside provision of ASHAA,
State asbestos abatement contractor certification programs are being established.
Three regional pilot information centers are also being established at the University
of Kansas, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Tufts University. In addition,
the asbestos technical assistance program is being expanded to address the specific
concerns of public and private building owners and managers. Regional offices,
working with the States, are involved in operating this program. The asbestos-in-
schools program will be carefully evaluated in 1985. In addition, we are considering
several rules to ban commercial uses of asbestos and to set standards for conducting
abatement projects to protect abatement workers and other building occupants
from unnecessary exposure during asbestos abatement projects.
In 1985, the Agency plans to make available the funds appropriated, in late
1984, under the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) for providing needy
local education agencies with financial assistance to undertake asbestos abatement
projects. Using criteria established by EPA and with the aid of an automated
hazard ranking model, States will rank candidate projects by degree of hazard (by
March 15, 1985). Subsequently, EPA will use the State rankings and financial need
information supplied by the schools to select the projects eligible for funding.
The Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act requires that EPA announce the schools
eligible for funding by June 6, 198B.
The funds provided to EPA for administering the Act are being used to update
abatement guidance documents and to initiate programs critical to ensuring proper
abatement of asbestos hazards. Workyears for the ASHAA programs are supported
under this program activity.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$161,100 results from the following actions:
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-Reprogrammings. (+$84,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional re prog ramming limitations. These
changes resulted in a net increase of +$39,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and a net increase of +$45,200 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$76,700) This program was increased by +$76,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 198*, the Agency obligated a total of $11,720,000 supported by 116.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,979,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,740,800 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
Three final rules were promulgated on PCBs. One rule established numerical
cutoffs for the inadvertent generation of PCBs; the second rule took action on 109
individual and class petitions for exemption from the PCB bans: and the third rule
established PCB use authorizations for small quantities in research and development,
and other limited uses. In addition, two other regulatory actions on PCRs were
initiated and will be completed in 1985. We initiated a regulatory investigation
of glycol ethers and their acetates. Among other things, the Agency has issued
two chemical advisories warning manufacturers and users of potential hazards from
nitrosamine formation in cutting fluids.
Section 4(f) of TSCA requires EPA to initiate regulatory action under either
Sections 5, 6, or 7 within 180 days of receiving data which indicate a substance
presents a significant risk of serious harm to human health from cancer, gene muta-
tions or birth defects. In 1984, two chemicals -- 1,3-butadiene and formaldehyde --
became the focus of Section 4(f) priority reviews. In both instances, the Agency
determined some form of regulatory control was appropriate.
In 1984, we gathered information on existing chemicals of concern by triggering
existing Section 8(a) and 8(d) rules upon receipt of ITC lists. Several chemical-
specific reporting -rules were promulgated on chemicals being considered for regula-
tory action. EPA published a final Section 8(d) rule requiring manufacturers and
processors of methyl pyridines and maleic anhydride to submit any available unpub-
lished health and safety studies on these chemicals. Final Section 8(a) reporting
rules were also issued on mesityl oxide, chlorinated terphenyls, and chlorinated
naphthalenes.
In 1984, EPA was given, by Congress, the responsibility to implement the As-
bestos School Hazard Abatement Act. Under the authority of this Act, $50,000,000
was appropriated to provide loans and grants to the neediest schools requiring
some type of asbestos abatement and to carry out the program. Since funds were
not appropriated until late in the 1984 fiscal year, none of the funds were obli-
gated.
Major efforts in 1984 were focused on setting up the organizational structure
for implementing this one year financial assistance program. Additional efforts
included developing the financial assistance application package and identifying
areas were Agency guidance documents needed updating. Careful consideration was
given to coordinating the Agency's additional asbestos-related efforts with ongoing
asbestos activities.
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NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1986 Program
The Agency requests a total of $16,465,400 supported by 209.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,827,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,637,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $358,500 and an increase of $1,500,000
respectively, and a decrease'of 1.8 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and
Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services as
well as the reduction in total workyears made possible by process efficiencies.
The savings will permit the expansion of the Existing Chemical Review and Toxic
Substances Enforcement programs. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Comp-
liance appropriation will support a validation study of structure activity relation-
ship techniques as a hazard indicator.
EPA will continue to subject all new chpmicals to a thorough review to ensure
that any unreasonable health and environmental risks are adequately controlled.
In 1986, EPA will review approximately 1,300 premanufacture notices (PMNs). Some
of these will be eligible for an abbreviated review as defined in the Section
5(h)(4) polymer and low volume exemption rules scheduled for promulgation in 1985.
We will also review approximately 80 test market exemption applications. About
110 of the PMN chemicals will require some form of EPA control action, including
voluntary testing, exposure controls, or withdrawal of PMNs by manufacturers.
Issues of risks which cannot be resolved through negotiation will he addressed
through formal Section 5(e) orders or Section 5(f)(2) of TSCA. We will also
continue to work closely with other parties on a coordinated Federal policy for
the review of genetically engineered biotechnical materials.
In 1986, we will continue emphasis on ensuring that risks do not develop as new
chemicals enter the marketplace. We will propose 10, and finalize 15, significant
new use rules (SNURs) and Section 8 reporting rules for new chemicals that are the
subject of Section 5(e) orders, and other new chemicals which warrant future monitor-
ing. In addition, we will issue two broad-based, general SNURs to cover categories
of potentially hazardous chemicals. Four adv.isory circulars are planned in 1986.
These circulars provide guidance to industry on data development requirements for
chemical categories th-at present specific problems.
Also in 1986, EPA will publish a proposed Section 5(b)(4) rule that will list
several categories of chemicals that routinely cause concern during PMN review.
The rule will require that additional health effects data be submitted with a PMN
for any chemical that is within a Section 5(b)(4) category. When implemented,
this provision will tend to eliminate data gaps that have hindered PMN reviews in
the past. It will also ensure meaningful public comment on the types of chemicals
about which EPA has concern. The current process of issuing Section 5(e) orders to
obtain required data does not ensure such public participation.
A new initiative in the New Chemical Review program is an examination of
whether the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) technique is an accurate predictor
of a chemical's potential toxicity. SAR is the process by which the Agency uses
chemical fate and biological effects data on structurally related chemicals to esti-
mate hazards of PMN chemicals under review. EPA currently receives toxicity data
on less than 50 percent of all PMNs submitted, and these data most commonly consist
of acute toxicity studies. Since we do not receive toxicity data on all PMNs, EPA
relies on SAR techniques to assess hazards. In this study, a group of PMN chemicals
that have completed review will be tested. Test results will be compared with
previous PMN hazard predictions on a c-ase-by-case basis to determine the adequacy
of those predictions as confirmed by test data and the extent to which hazard
predictions would have been different had test data been available with the PMN.
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1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to tre Deficit Reduction Act,
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$33,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,323,900 supported by 211.4
total workyears to this program, of which $9,186,200 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,137,700 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priati on.
In 1985, we anticipate receiving 1,200 premanufacture notices (PMNs) of which
approximately 100 will require some form of Agency confol, either voluntary or
formal. Ue plan to review and act on 80 test market exemption requests. About
25 percent of the PMNs will be eligible for an abbreviated review under the Section
5(h)(4) polymer exemption rule promulgated earlier this year; a second 5(h)(4) rule
exempting low volume chemicals will be promulgated later this year. These two
rules essentially implement EPA's planned exemption policy.
Since biotechnology is an emerging field, the commercial use of biotechnical
substances is not adequately covered under any Federal regulation. In 1985, EPA
is continuing to work on establishing a formal policy statement concerning appli-
cability of Section 5 to these substances. All establisfed coordination channels
will be continued.
Where appropriate, chemical-specifie significant nevi use rules (SMURs) are
being issued for new chemical substances subject to Section 5(e) orders as well as
those chemicals that complete the review process, but may warrant future monitoring.
Ue estimate EPA will issue 15 proposed and 15 final rules. Further, work is begin-
ning on general significant new use rules (SNURs) covering broad categories of po-
tentially hazardous chemicals while existing SNURs are being reviewed and revised
as necessary. In 1985, advisory circulars are beiny issued to provide guidance to
industry on chemical categories that present specific problems, especially chronic
effects.
In an effort to increase the amount of data on new chemicals, EPA is initiat-
ing rulemaking under Section 5(b)(4) of TSCA which authorizes EPA to create a list
of chemicals that have been determined to present (or may present) unreasonable
risks during manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use or disposal.
The list will identify broad categories of chemicals that are currently under
consideration for rulemak-ing.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$68,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$34,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This changg' resulted in a net de-
crease of -534,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+5102,800) This program was increased by +S102.800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
TS-36
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $14,708,300 supported by 231.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,560,600 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,147,700 was for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1984, EPA received 1,192 PMNs, bringing the cumulative total received
since the beginning of the program to 4,201. Since the beginning of the program,
EPA has issue'd Section 5(e) orders banning or controlling exposure to 175 chemi-
cals pending the development of additional data — 29 of these orders covering 41
chemicals were issued in 1984. Three Section 5(f) rules were issued in 1984,
controlling four chemicals of concern. Another 35 prenanufacture notices were
withdrawn because of EPA concerns. In 1Q84, EPA responded to 80 test market ap-
plications, of which 77 were granted and three were withdrawn.
In response to the emergence of recombinant DNA technology, EPA initiated
its biotechnology program anticipating genetically engineered related PMN sub-
missions. Activities included the development of a draft policy statement outlin-
ing TSCA applicability to biotechnical products; defining the needed methodologies
and analytical techniques; and coordinating with national and international groups
concerned with this emerging technology.
Under the follow-up program, SNURs were proposed for 18 chemicals. The Agency
also published the first final SNUR defining certain consumer uses of two chemicals
as a new use; it also outlines the general reporting procedures which will be used
as a basis for future SNURs.
TS-37
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-39
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-41
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants TS-43
TS-38
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,117,600 supported by 168.7 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $2,100,600 and 11.4 total workyears from 1985. Of the
request $6,492,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$4,625,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
increase of $315,600 and $1,785,000, respectively.
Program Description
This subactivity encompasses a Federal workforce as well as support to States.
Toxic Substances Enforcement -- The Toxic Substances L'nforcement program en-
sures compliance with the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and related rules
and regulations. The Regional programs inspect facilities that manufacture, pro-
cess, distribute, use, or dispose of new or specifically regulated chemicals.
Regional staff also provides technical assistance to the regulated community re-
lating to TSCA regulations and prepares and issues notices of violation and
administrative orders.
The Headquarters program is responsible for the overall management t>f the
national program. That staff provides support in the development of new TSCA
regulations to make them efficient and equitable from an enforcement viewpoint,
develops enforcement response policies and compliance monitoring strategies for
each new rule, and provides compliance assistance and tecinical support to case
development and prosecution activities. Headquarters also manages the laboratory
data integrity program. This program involves inspection:, of laboratories that
perform toxic substances testing and in-depth audits of test studies submitted to
the Agency under TSCA testing programs.
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants -- This program funds cooperative agree-
ments with State agencies to develop and operate toxic substances compliance moni-
toring programs. This program permits wider coverage of the regulated community
by supplementing Federal personnel.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
•1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,817,600 and 168.7 total workyears for this
program, of which $6,492,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,325,500 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $315,600 and a decrease of $15,000, respectively,
and an increase of 11.4 total workyears. The increases will enable the Regional
offices to expand their case development activities, particularly in the asbestos
program, and their technical assistance to school officials and others involved in
asbestos abatement. They also provide further support for the laboratory data
integrity program. The decrease in extramural funding results from a reduction
of the level of effort for the contract asbestos inspection program.
In 1986, there will be an overall increase for the Regional programs in the
areas of technical assistance and case development. The case development workload
will rise because of increases in inspections, especially for asbestos, by the
States and contractors. Since States are limited to inspection activity under the
cooperative enforcement agreement program, the Regions must conduct all case devel-
opment arising from State, Federal, and contract inspections.
TS-41
-------
The Regions will conduct compliance inspections supporting all existing
TSCA rules, although many PCB inspections and most asbestos-in-schools compliance
inspections will be conducted either under contract or through enforcement agree-
ments with cooperating State agencies. Regional staff will participate in the
laboratory data integrity program by conducting good laboratory practices (6LP)
inspections at laboratories that perform toxic substances testing. Inspections
supporting the PCB ban, marking and disposal rules will continue to receive strong
emphasis. The Regional offices will also conduct compliance inspections supporting
Section 5 new chemical regulations, Section 8 reporting rules, Section 12 export
requirements, and Section 13 import requirements. The review and approval of
applications to construct and operate PCB landfills and unique design stationary
PCB incinerators, and monitoring of PCB disposal sites, r°main the responsibility
of the Regions.
The increase in Headquarters personnel will support enhancement of the overall
OPTS laboratory data integrity program. The Agency will conduct full-scale audits
of approximately 12 percent of completed test studies submitted to EPA. In addi-
tion, EPA will investigate the feasibility of developing a self-audit program
by which laboratories or test sponsors will certify the validity of their tests.
Headquarters manages the national toxic substancps enforcement program through
appropriate guidance and periodic reviews of Regional programs, including on-site
program evaluations. Headquarters will manage a cooperative agreement with the
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance monitoring
inspections supporting the asbestos-in-schools rule. Both the Regional and Head-
quarters components of the Toxic Substances Enforcement program will prepare and
issue notices of violation and administrative orders and will provide technical
assistance and support to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring in
the prosecution of civil and criminal cases.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$22,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. The decrease of -$86,600 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,517,000 supported by 157.3
total workyears for this program, of which $6,176,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,340,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 198Fi, the Toxic Substances Enforcement program is placing strong emphasis
upon asbestos-in-schools inspection and compliance efforts. A number of the States
participating in the toxic substances cooperative enforcement agreement program
are conducting inspections of school districts for compliance with the asbestos-
in-schools rule, and there is an increase in the number of asbestos inspections
performed under contract.
The Regional offices are providing additional case development support for
asbestos enforcement actions. Also in the asbestos are^, the Regional offices
provide technical assistance and training in asbestos abatement efforts to school
districts. The Regions are continuing inspection programs to determine compliance
with all other existing TSCA rules and are providing assistance to firms that seek
to comply voluntarily with TSCA requirements, or that wish to take remedial
actions to achieve compliance. The Regional offices prepare and issue notices of
TS-42
-------
violation and administrative orders and develop and prosecute cases when compli-
ance is not achieved. They oversee the cooperative enforcement agreement program,
and are responsible for review and approval of PCB landfills and unique-design
stationary PCB incinerators and for PCS site disposal monitoring.
Headquarters is managing the laboratory data integrity program and participat-
ing in audits of test studies. The Headquarters staff manages the cooperative
agreement that provides inspections under the asbestos-in-schools program. Head-
quarters also participates in regulation development directed by the Office of
Toxic Substances and prepares enforcement response policies and compliance monitor-
ing strategies for all new regulations.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$116,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$2,700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthor-
ized Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This chance resulted in a net
decrease of -$2,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$72,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this ac-
tivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limit-
ations. These changes resulted in a net increase of +$7?,500 to the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$76,500) This program was increased by +$76,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,513,800 supported by 101.1 total
workyears, of which $3,749,100 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriatiion
and $764,700 far the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Regional offices conducted compliance inspections supporting existing
TSCA rules, with particular emphasis upon PCR and asbestos-in-schools inspections.
Upon detection of violations, including those originating from State-conducted
inspections, the Regional staffs developed and prosecuted enforcement cases. The
Agency issued 376 administrative orders, 1,349 notices of warning (four times the
number issued in 1983), and referred three criminal and 16 civil cases to the
Department of Justice.
Headquarters completed compliance monitoring strategies for the Section 4
Good Laboratory Practices rule , the revised Section 6 PCB rule, Section 8(c),
Section 8(d), and Section 13, in addition to an overall TSCA enforcement strategy
and a TSCA monitoring strategy. The Headquarters compliance monitoring staff
developed enforcement response policies for Sections 8, 12, and 13, for enforcement
schedule compliance letters, and in response to revisions to the TSCA penalty
policy. The Headquarters staff also developed inspection targeting guidance for
compliance monitoring programs as necessary, and provided assistance to Regional
offices in developing and prosecuting enforcement cases.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1985 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,300,000 for this program, all within the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase
of $1,800,000 to support approximately 15 additional State cooperative enforcement
agreements.
TS-43
-------
The'State programs will emphasize compliance monitoring of chemical control
rules, especially those on asbestos and PCBs. A major share of the increase in
State activities will be directed toward the asbestos-in-schools program. The
States will conduct inspections of school districts and, increasingly, build the
capability to provide technical assistance to both schools and other parties with
asbestos abatement problems.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $500,000 to this program, all
within the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds support
State-conducted toxic substances compliance monitori-ng programs in five States.
These State programs concentrate upon Section 6 chemical control rules, in par-
ticular PCBs and asbestos.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$1,800,000 results from the following action:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,800,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery'Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,800,000 to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
1984 Accompli shments
The Agency obligated a total of $500,000 for this program, all within the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds supported State
cooperative enforcement agreement programs in California, Connecticut, Maryland,
Michigan, and Ohio. These States conducted 350 -PCB inspections and 27 asbestos-
in-schools inspections.
TS-44
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY E-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Mul ti-Media Energy ". E-5
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ENERGY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Energy research and development program provides the scientific infor-
mation necessary to guide the development and utilization of energy resources
in an environmentally acceptable manner. The program consists of three major
areas of scientific inquiry: acid deposition; Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) control technology; and alternate energy (synthetic fuels) develop-
ment.
ACID RAIN
Title VII of the Energy Security Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-294) established the
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation to develop and implement a coordinated
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). The purpose of the NAPAP
is to increase the understanding of the causes and effects of acid deposition so
that reliable information can be provided to policy-makers, and timely, cost-
effective decisions formulated for managing acid deposition. EPA is one of three
joint chairs of the Interagency Task Force which is responsible for NAPAP and has
the lead role in several acid deposition research areas: aquatic effects, control
technology and policy assessment.
Many questions still remain unanswered about the causes, effects and methods
of mitigating or controlling acid deposition. The objective of our acid deposition
research is to develop the necessary data to fully understand the sources and char-
actersitics of acid deposition as well as the extent of damages or potential damage.
This information is essential in developing effective, scientifically sound, reg-
ulatory policies.
The 1986 acid deposition research and development program will be enhanced
and accelerated. The program expands fundamental research on the physical and
chemical mechanisms and deposition processes that govern the ac.id deposition
phenomenon. Major emphasis will be placed on initiating research that: (1)
describes the sensitivity of aquatic resources to acidification and the rate at
which acidification occurs; (2) establishes the extent and severity of currently
observed forest declines in several regions of the U.S.; and (3) accelerates the
installation of a monitoring network for dry acid deposition. Additionally, the
acid deposition research program will upgrade emission inventories and enhance
model development to better differentiate the contributions of local versus
distant sources of acid deposition. The assessment program will integrate the
various aspects of acid deposition research activities and provide the information
•required to formulate effective decisions for dealing with the acid deposition
phenomenon.
LIMB CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
A second major research area is the development of performance, reliability,
and cost data to accelerate the commercialization of innovative or cost-effective
energy-related pollution control technologies. The thrust in this area is the
development of the limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB) emission reduction
technology. The LIMB program is designed to develop and demonstrate an effective
and inexpensive emission control that will simultaneously remove sulfur oxides
(SOX) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from boiler flue gases of new and existing
pulverized coal boilers.
E-3
-------
In 1986, the LIMB research and development effort will focus on completing
the fundamental research to implement a full-scale commercial demonstration of
LIMB on a wall-fired utility boiler. In addition, emphasis will be placed on
developing protocols to evaluate LIMB results for technical, design, and cost
guidance in order to accelerate commercial application of this technology by the
private sector.
SYNTHETIC FUELS
The alternate fuels program provides technical support to EPA regional
offices, State and local permitting authorities, the Synthetic Fuels Corporation
(SFC), and industrial organizations. The program will continue to evaluate synfuel
discharges and associated control technologies.
E-4
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ENERGY
Mu Hi-media Energy
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources
0 An improved 1985 man-made emissions inventory (Acid Rain)
Objective 2: Understand Atmospheric Processes
0 A cloud chemistry network to cover the major high altitude forest systems in
the eastern United States (Acid Rain)
Objective 3: Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases
° A dry deposition monitoring network (30 to 50 sites) based on 1985 pilot network
(Acid Rain)
Objective 4: Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects
° Full stream sampling study as part of the National Surface Water Survey (Acid
Rain)
° Report on sampling of Western Lakes as part of the National Surface Water Survey
(Acid Rain)
Objective 11: Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology
° Report documenting site specific design for field demonstration boiler (Env.
Technology)
0 Report'on the effects of coal sulfur, trace ash species evaluation, and promoters
on sulfur capture (Env. Technology)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 2: Understand Atmospheric Processes
0 Two to four mountain top monitoring stations (Acid Rain)
Objective 3: Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases
0 Report on prototype dry deposition monitors (Acid Rain)
0 Design of dry deposition monitoring network (Acid Rain)
Objective 4: Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects
0 Final reports on primary analyses of data from eastern lake component of the
National Surface Water Survey (Acid Rain)
0 Multi-regional survey of watershed sensitivity (Acid Rain)
Objective 5: Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects
° Joint research with the U.S. Forest Service on the forest decline syndrome in
northeastern and southeastern forests (Acid Rain)
E-7
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Objective 8: Assess Research Results and Data to Provide Policy Analysis Informa-
tion
° Report on the 1985 assessment of current damages due to acid rain (Acid Rain)
0 Report on the inventory of National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
research projects (Acid Rain)
Objective 9: Develop Health and Environmental Risk Analyses
0 Reports summarizing the results of EPA research conducted through 1984 on the
health risks associated with synfuel production (Health)
Objective 11: Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology
0 Report on bench scale evaluation of interactions of sorbent and mineral matter
for wall-fired boilers (Env. Technology)
1984 ACTUAL OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources
0 Advanced Utility Simulation Model (Acid Rain)
Objective 3:' Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases
0 First annual report on the wet deposition monitoring network (Acid Rain)
Objective 4: Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects
0 Pilot survey of eastern lakes component of the National Surface Water Survey
(Acid Rain)
Objective 5: Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects
0 Peer review of the FORAST (FOrest Response to Anthropogenic Stress) data set
(Acid Rain)
Objective 8: Assess Research Results and Data to Provide Policy Analysis
Information
0 Report on empirical modeling approaches for evaluating forest growth trends in
the eastern United States (Acid Rain)
0 Report on "The Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects -- Critical
Assessment Review Papers" (Ac'id Rain)
Objective 11: Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology
0 Bench scale evaluation of the critical LIMB operating variables for wall-fired
boilers (Env. Technology)
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ENERGY
Multi-media Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $67,161,800 supported by 97.7 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $9,051,000 and a decrease of 12.6 tota-1 workyears from
1985. Of the request, $5,298,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $61,863,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, with
a decrease of $1,038,200 and an increase of $10,089,200, respectively.
Program Description
The multi-media energy research and development program was designed to provide
the scientific and technical information necessary to support the Agency's permit-
ting and standard-setting processes, and to allow for the development and utiliza-
tion of energy sources in an environmentally acceptable manner. Research is con-
ducted to better understand the phenomenon of acid deposition and provide informa-
tion upon which mitigation decisions may be made; expand EPA's knowledge of the
performance, reliability, and cost of the limestone injection multistage burner
(LIMB) control technology; characterize and evaluate synthetic fuels discharges;
and evaluate the impacts of energy development in cold climates. The following
objectives support these activities:
Objective 1. Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research im-
proves our understanding of the relationships among emissions resulting from man's
activities.
Objective 2. Understand Atmospheric Processes. This res'earch improves our
capability to examine and predict the transport, chemical transformation, and
deposition processes of air masses.
Objective 3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This work will
quantify wet and dry deposition of acidic materials with sufficient resolution to
establish trends; provide inputs to effects studies; and, provide information for
source/receptor statistical analyses.
Objective 4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This work will enable
us to quantify the impacts of acidification on representative aquatic systems
through the development of dose/response relationships and to apply these data to
the development of appropriate mitigative measures.
Objective 5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects. This research
establishes acid deposition dose-response relationships for various wild and
cultivated plant species and estimates more accurately material transport through
soils to aquatic systems.
Objective 6. Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural
Resources. This research will determine how materials are damaged from acid depo-
sition. This includes determining those materials and resources at risk and
developing the information required to differentiate the effects of acid deposition
from the effects of other natural and man-made sources.
Objective 7. Evaluate Control Technologies. This work will focus on develop-
ing "cost of control" tools.Activities willTnclude analysis of both performance
and costs of technologies; and the appraisal and development of selected hardware
approaches.
E-9
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Objective 8. Assess Research Results and Data to Provide Policy Analysis
Information. This program is designed to integrate the various aspects of the acid
deposition research program and to provide information to decision-makers to formu-
late appropriate decisions that address acid deposition issues on a timely and
cost-effective basis.
Objective 9. Develop Health and* Environmental Risk Analyses. This program
has completed the framework by which the scientific documentation of risks can be
utilized in Agency regulatory and enforcement decisions and in determining the
extent to which pollution control processes are required.
Objective 10. Synfuels Discharge Characterization and Control Technology
Evaluation. This program will provide engi neering support to EPA regulatory
offices, regions, and States for special studies on synfuel specific processes for
EIS's, permit applications, and monitoring plan reviews required by Section 131(c)
of the Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294).
Objective 11. Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology. This program
continues todeveloparidevaluateemeffectiveandinexpensive emission-control
technology that will simultaneously remove sulfur oxides (SOX) and nitrogen oxides
(NOX) from boiler flue gases of pulverized coal boilers.
Objective 12. Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates. This
research will better define the impacts of coal , oil and gas development, and atmos-
pheric pollution on arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems and develop proposed mitigative
measures.
ACID RAIN
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $60,506,700 supported by 60.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,994,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $57,512,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation."
This represents a decrease of $95,700 and an increase of $23,000,000, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects
Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. The increase in
Research and Development will be used to support research in the following areas:
1) initiate work on defining the mechanisms of forest damage; 2) establish acid
deposition dose/response relationships for various p'ant species; 3) expand re-
search on the National Terrestrial Survey (NTS); 4) conduct an accelerated program
to test the "direct/delayed" response hypotheses (i.e., What is the extent and
rate of change to aquatic resources stemming from acid deposition?); 5) expand
the installation of dry deposition monitoring sites; 6) expand the installation
of a cloud monitoring network in high elevation forest sites; and 7) accelerate
the development of an emissions inventory for 1985.
Estimate Emission from Man-made Sources. This research provides a better
understanding of the complex relationships among man-made emissions to estimate
more accurately major pollutants thought to be associated with acid deposition.
This work includes an initiative to accelerate and expand the emissions inventory
data for 1985 so that it will be available for the 1987 assessment.
Understand Atmospheric Processes. This research provides a better understand-
ing of atmospheric transport, physical and chemical transformation, and deposition
processes of pollutants emitted to the atmosphere. This wcrk includes an initi-
ative to establish cloud monitoring stations in high elevation forest sites.
These data are needed to determine the amount and type of exposure at affected
forest sites. Also, an engineering model is being developed as a complement to the
Eulerian framework. This model will provide simplified representations of the
transport, transformation and deposition processes.
E-10
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Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. Research here quantifies wet and
dry deposition of acid materials, both spatially and temporally, with sufficient
resolution to establish cause and effect relationships. This work includes an
initiative that will establish a dry deposition monitoring network of up to fifty
sites. The results will be critical in differentiating the relative contributions
of local vs. distant sources to total sulfate and nitrate deposition.
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This research quantifies the impacts
of acidification on representative aquatic systems through the development of dose/
response relationships. A major initiative in 1986 involves the survey and analysis
of soils in representative watersheds to predict the extent and rate-of-change
(direct/delayed response) to aquatic resources resulting from acid deposition.
the program also includes mechanistic studies to validate the theory and models
of acidification, and provides the detailed baseline monitoring data that can be
used to assess the impacts of changes in deposition and air quality.
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects. This work establishes acid
deposition dose/response relationships for various wild and cultivated plant
species and more accurately defines material transport through •soils to aquatic
systems. The 1986 program will be significantly expanded in the forest effects
area including research on: 1) investigation of sulfur cycling/cation loss; 2)
accumulation, depletion, and exchange of nutrients in watersheds; 3) initiation of
work on forest and soils effects mechanisms; 4) expansion of the National Terrest-
rial Survey (NTS) to plan and select long-term monitoring sites and to assess
initial data to evaluate the magnitude and extent of forest productivity decline
in the U.S.
Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources.
Research here more accurately determines how materials are damaged from acid
precipitation. The 1986 program continues exposure work on metals, paints, and
non-metal 1ics to establish damage functions.
Evaluate Control Technologies. This work will develop "cost of control"
analysis tools that wi 1 1 become part of the overall acid deposition assessment
framework. The 1986 program will continue to assess SOX and NOX control tech-
nologies, coal cleaning, industrial processes, and engineering cost options.
Assess Research Results and Data to Provide Policy Analysis Information. This
program area will integrate the various aspects of the acid rain research program
and provide information to decision-makers so they may formulate appropriate actions
to address acid deposition issues. Specific work includes reviewing and revising
the 1985 assessment and evaluating analytical methods principally associated with
economic benefits. In addition, work will continue on the 1987 assessment.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $37,602,400 supported by 60.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,089,900 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $34,512,500 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $14,836,700 total dollars over 1984.
The major differences between the 1985 program and the 1984 program include
the following: increasing the quality of emissions inventories; establishing 2-4
mountain cloud chemistry monitoring stations; commencing dry deposition monitoring
in the demonstration phase; completing Phase 1 of the National Surface Water Survey
(which sampled over 2500 lakes) and initiating Phase 2 of the survey (which will
begin seasonal lake sampling); increasing the monitoring sites for materials damage;
assessing control technologies for low-cost sulfur removal; and completion of the
1985 assessment to include a physical inventory of aquatic and terrestrial damages
attributable to acid deposition.
E-ll
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$111,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$11,700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$11,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
-Reprogrammings. (-$128,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$128,600 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. ( +$28,800) This program was increased Dy +$28,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $22,765,700 supported by 23.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,340,000 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $21,425,700 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, EPA upgraded the 1980 emissions data base and published an emissions
inventory. The Advanced Utility Simulation Model, a tool for analyzing the cost
of alternate emissions scenarios, is now operational at the State level. The
first annual report of the National Trends Network was produced. The first phase
of the National Surface Water Survey was begun. This phase will determine the
number of lakes which are acidic, or have low acid neutralizing ability, in the
U.S. A plan for the vegetation survey was completed and a peer review of the For-
est Response to Anthropogenic Stress (FORAST) project was completed. In materials
effects research, chamber studies provided new data on effect.s on selected metals.
The final version of the Critical Assessment Document, a review of the current
published literature, was completed in 1984.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program in 1986. This represents
a decrease of $395,100 in Salaries and Expenses; a decrease of $1,339,900 in
Research and Development; and a decrease of 4.9 total workyears. The energy
health effects program will be completed with 1985 funding.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The decrease
of $115,500 in the Research and Development appropriation reflects reductions
to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,735,000 supported by 4.9
total workyears for this program, of which $395,100 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,339,900 is for the Research and Development
appropriation. This reflects an increase of $52,100 total dollars over 1984.
E-12
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In 1985, the program emphasis will shift to summarizing results of the
research conducted through 1984 and the preparation of reports describing these
results.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$120,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of resources
within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of -$800 to
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$121,600) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$8,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a net decrease of -$113,600 to the Research and Development
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. ( +$2,400) This program was increased by +$2,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,682,900 supported by 9.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $463,300 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,219,600 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
Emphasis in the risk analysis program for 1984 was given to completion of all
research underway on methods for assessing health risks resulting from synfuels
production and initiation of the analysis, summarization, and reporting of 'results.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,255,100 supported by 37.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,304,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,950,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $547,400 and a decrease of $11,570,900, respectively,
and a decrease of 7.7 total workyears. These decreases reflect the completion of
funding for the wall-fired demonstration of the Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) control technology.
Synfuels Discharge Characterization and Control Technology Evaluation. This
research characterizes and quantifies emissions and effluents from a variety of
coal-based and oil shale synthetic fuels processes. It identifies and evaluates
pollution control technologies for the same processes. This work will continue
to provide technical assistance to the Regions and States for permitting and
review processes associated with the synthetic fuels industry.
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology. This research provides funda-
mentaldata forimproved SOX controlefficiency in new and retrofit applications.
Testing in pilot and prototype scale furnaces will guide the ongoing LIMB wall-
fired demonstration by selecting critical test conditions and extrapolating
engineering parameters. Also, superactive sorbents will be evaluated at the
prototype scale to determine increased sulfur removal efficiencies. Funding will
E-13
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support the development of an interactive model to normalize LIMB research and
development results for technical, design, and cost guidance in commercial-scale
appli cations.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of $11,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories. The decrease of $401,800 in the Research and
Development appropriation reflects reductions to consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,373,400 supported by 45.4
total workyears for this program, of which $2,851,800 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,521,600 is for the Research and Development appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $5,819,800 total dollars over 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 and the 1984 program occurs as a result
of full funding being provided for the wall-fired demonstration of the Limestone
Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB). In 1984, research results indicated that
improved sulfur capture was possible through the use of higier reactive sorbents.
The 1985 program will continue the development of both high surface area sorbents
and the promoters for improved sorbent reactivity. Also, prototype testing will
evaluate scale-up criteria for application of new sorbents to wall-fired boilers.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$7,100 results-from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$7,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$7,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$21,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$21,500 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. ( +$21,800) This program was increased by +$21,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $12,553,600 supported by 54.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,882,500 was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,671,100 was for the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1984, a contract was awarded for the full-scale commercial demonstration
of the LIMB technology on a wall-fired utility boiler. In addition, research
identified experimental and commercial high surface area sorbents that showed
the potential for sulfur capture in excess of 70%.
E-14
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $400,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Research Development appropriation. This request reflects level funding
between 1985 and 1986.
Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates. This research will
better define the impacts of coal, oil and gas development, and atmospheric pollu-
tion on arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems and develop proposed mitigative measures.
The research results will support EIS development; NPDES permit preparation; and
preparation of SIP's for the northern tier States. There are no changes between
the 1985 and 1986 programs.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $400,000
which is for the Research and Development appropriation,
idina between 1985 and 1984.
_ „_ _„ . .. ....... _ , , for this program, all
of which is for the Research and Development appropriation. This reflects level
funding between 1985 and 1984.
The major difference between the 1985 program and the 1984 program is that
emphasis will shift from the problems of carbon monoxide to resource development
and habitat modification issues.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $400,000 for this program, all of
which was for the Research and Development appropriation.
This phase of the Cold Climate program focused on the carbon monoxide problem
in urban Alaska. A final report on automobile emissions of CO in non-attainment
areas of Alaska was issued.
E-15
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT MS-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management. MS-7
Program Management - Air & Radiation MS-12
Program Management - Water MS-13
Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring MS-14
Program Management - External Affairs MS-15
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-16
Program Management - General Counsel MS-17
Program Management - Research & Development MS-18
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-19
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices MS-22
Immediate Office of the Administrator MS-27
Office of Regional Operations MS-28
Office of Executive Support MS-29
Regulatory Information Service Center MS-30
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-31
Office of International Activities MS-31
Office of Civil Rights MS-32
Science Advisory Board MS-33
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-34
Office of Small & Di sadvantaged Business Utilization MS-35
O.ffice of Inspector General ' MS-38
Office of General Counsel .' MS-41
General Counsel MS-42
Office of External Affairs MS-44
Office of Legislative Analysis... MS-48
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-49
Office of Publ ic Affai rs MS-50
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison MS-51
Office of Federal Activities MS-52
Office of Policy, Planning & Evalation MS-54
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-58
Integrated Environmental Management Program -MS-58
Office of Policy Analysis MS-59
Office of Standards & Regulations MS-60
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation MS-61
Office of Administration 5 Resources Management MS-63
Program Management - Administration MS-68
Financial Management- Headquarters MS-fi9
Office of the Comptroller... MS-70
Contracts & Grants Management MS-71
Personnel & Organization Services MS-72
Facilities & Management Services MS-73
Information Systems & Services MS-74
Human Resources Management MS-76
MS-1
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (cont.) Page
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Manaqement MS-78
Resource Management - Regions MS-81
Financial Management - Regions MS-82
Personnel Management - Regions MS-83
Administrative Management - Regions MS-84
Regional Management: MS-85
Regional Counsel MS-85
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions MS-86
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs MS-89
Professional Training MS-91
Nationwide Support Services MS-92
Headquarters Support Services MS-93
Regional Support Services MS-93
ADP Support Costs MS-94
Lab Support - Research A Development MS-95
Lab Support - Air & Radiation MS-95
Lab Support - Pesticides f, Toxic Substances MS-96
MS-2
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides the executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services that
are not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our efforts to provide
quality legal services, promote technically and economically defensible regulatory
and policy alternatives, improve the public's perception of the Agency, manage for
environmental results, and pursue a focused human resources management effort to
build a skilled career environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency Management,
Regional Management, and Support costs.
Program Management includes policy development, program development and over-
sight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's environmental pro-
gram offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation; Water; Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring; External Affairs; Pesticides and Toxic Substances;
General Counsel; Research and Development; and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Agency Management includes Agencywide management functions and policy activi-
ties.
Policy Direction, through the Executive Offices at. Headquarters consists of
the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and their immediate staffs, Regional
Operations, Executive Support, Regulatory Information Service Center, Adminis-
trator's Representation Fund, International Activities, Civil Rights, Science
Advisory Board, Administrative Law Judges, and Small and Disadvantaged Business
Uti1ization.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
the Integrated Environmental Management Program and the Offices of Policy Analysis,
Standards and Regulations, and Management Systems and Evaluation.
Legal services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are provided
to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a Regional Counsel
in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC) provides legal ser-
vices and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers. OGC, in cooperation with
the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all legal matters in which the
Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC reviews proposed actions, decisions, and
regulations to assure that they are legally defensible.
External Affairs activities are performed by five component offices: Legis-
lative Analysis, Congressional Liaison, Public Affairs, Intergovernmental Affairs
and Federal Activities.
Inspector General activities include investigation and audit of Agency activi-
ties to promote efficiency and effectiveness and prevent and detect fraud, waste,
and abuse.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) provides manage-
ment activities in Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program
operations located in Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park, N.C. The office has
several components: Program Management, Financial Management, Comptroller, Per-
sonnel and Organization, Contracts and Grants, Facilities and Management Services,
Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the Region-
al and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional staff for
MS-4
-------
public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and civil rights.
Other activities include budget development and execution, preparation of Regional
operating plans, legal services, program planning, regulatory and policy analysis,
economicSanalysis, program evaluation, financial and personnel management, infor-
mation management, and administrative services.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. In this diverse category are:
0 Office and building services, such as library services, commercial tele-
phone use, printing and copying, utilities, guards, ADP technical support,
and custodial and maintenance services for programs located at Headquarters,
Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati.
° Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data pro-
cessing, professional training, U.S. Postal Service charges, Federal Tele-
communications System (FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensa-
tion, and health and safety costs for all Agency programs in all locations;
0 Office and building services for laboratories and field stations operated
by the Office of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and Pesticides
and Toxic Substances; and
0 Common services in .Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance,
library services, and mini-computer operations.
Program Priorities
Priorities for the Executive Office in 1986 will include: increasing emphasis
on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental and civil rights regu-
lations; improving relations with State and local governments to facilitate program
delegation as well as fostering integrated approaches to environmental regulations;
bringing greater scientific credibility to regulatory decision-making through an
increased emphasis on reviews by the Science Advisory Board; and improving coor-
dination among major out-reach staff offices'to ensure that EPA's external activi-
ties reflect the interests and policies of the Administrator.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will continue to focus resources
on managing for environmental results; developing and demonstrating integrated envi-
ronmental management strategies; and developing improved methods to ascertain
benefits of EPA's regulations. The common purpose of these efforts is the develop-
ment of regulatory approaches that achieve environmental and health benefits in an
efficient and cost-effective manner.
The Office of General Counsel will continue to provide legal advice and coun-
sel to the Agency's top management and media program offices concerning legal
interpretation of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, and on such
matters as personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office of General
Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in litigation activity in which EPA
is a defendant, provide legal advice to the Agency in all major regulatory actions,
and ensure that legal errors are avoided and legal positions are presented in the
most persuasive manner.
The Office of External Affairs will continue to provide a clear interpretation
of EPA's programs and priorities; increase Agency effectiveness by improving Con-
gressional liaison; establish outreach programs, public interest groups and citizen
participation; reaffirm and strengthen Federal Agency contacts; and provide a
cross-media perspective in review of environmental problems.
The Office of Inspector General will continue its efforts in fraud prevention
by working closely with the recently established EPA Committee on Integrity and
Management Improvement, publicizing its activities to EPA employees, identifying
areas sensitive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods. It will
MS-5
-------
continue to emphasize internal and management audits to improve the economy,
effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA programs and provide audit coverage to EPA
programs and operations which have received little or no coverage in the past.
It will provide limited audit coverage for the construction grant program, EPA
contracts, and other grant programs. It will continue its investigations of
antitrust activities and other forms of fraud against the Government.
,4
The Office- of Administration and Resources Management will build on pro-
gress already achieved in assuring a strong system of financial internal con-
trols; pursue of focused human resources management effort to build a skilled
career environmental workforce; and place greater emphasis on achieving sign-
ificant productivity improvements. This request will also allow the Agency
to award and administer additional Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
contracts for 1986.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment to
strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional planning
and management efforts.
In Support, the program will continue to provide general support services
to Agency programs and increased services for the expanding RCRA program. This
request will also cover telephone and utility rate increases.
MS-6
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management MS-7
Program Management - Air & Radiation MS-12
Program Management - Water MS-13
Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring MS-14
Program Management - External Affairs MS-15
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-16
Program Management - General Counsel MS-17
Program Management - Research & Development - MS-18
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-19
MS-7
-------
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,944,800 supported by 269.3 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $800,000 and no change in total workyears. All of the
request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Program Management component provides resources generally for Assistant
Administrators, Office Directors and their immediate staffs for eight of EPA's
major offices: Air and Radiation; Water; Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring;
External Affairs; Pesticides and Toxics; General Counsel; Research and Development;
and Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Resources provide for formulation of over-
all management and programmatic policy, and centralized planning and budgeting.
Activities also include the coordination and integration of programs throughout
the Agency as well as performing liaison activities with Congress, OMB and other
Federal Agencies and States.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,810,200 supported by 46.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $83,000 and no change in total workyears.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. Major program emphases will continue to be implement-
ation of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium
Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and development of major decisions related to
these acts.
1985 Rescission
The reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$3,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,893,200 supported by 46.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is 'for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program is providing management support for the Clean Air
Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act.
Key activities include: executive management direction, program planning and analy-
sis, resource management, and budget development. Administrative support to the
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) programs is also provided.
MS-12
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$465,400 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reproqranming. (-$7,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-37,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogramminos. (+$450,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were no~t~re portable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$450,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$22,800) This program was increased by +$22,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,690,300 and 51.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided executive management, strategic planning and analysis, and
budget and administrative support to OAR programs.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - WATER
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 32,661,000 supported by 46.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $134,600 and no change in total workyears from 1985. The decrease
in Salaries and expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administra-
tive services.
The 1986 request supports national management; supervision of the Office of
Water organizations; management of the Office of Water operating guidance and
accountability system; development of program plans and budget for implementation
of Agency policies and programs; tracking of budget execution; administrative
management; analysis of policy issues; and monitoring of program performance from
both a scientific and programmatic perspective.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's resoonse to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduc-
tion of -$6,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decrease to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,795,600 supported by 46.3
workyears, of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In addi-
tion to ongoing activities such as budget development and execution, administrative
management, and policy analysis, the office continues to focus on the reauthoriza-
tion process for the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Marine
Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act.
MS-13
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes fron the Enacted
The net decrease of -$32,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reproqramming. (-$7,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou rcesTlvTTinTrThirTlgency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$7,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$47,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which werenot reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$47,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$22,500) This program was increased by +$22,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $2,474,900 supported by 50.0 total workyears,
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided for executive
management, policy planning and analysis, and budget and administrative support for
programs within the Office of Water. Work also continued on the reauthorization
of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1936 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $503,800 supported by 9.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $13,000 and no change in total workyears. The
decrease reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
This request will be used to provide basic administrative, financial and
management services to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring. This
includes program olanning, personnel management, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis and administrative services. These resources will also be
used to continue to provide support and oversight of the management operations of
the Denver National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). This level of funding
will also provide resources for budget formulation support for the legal enforcement
functions of-the ten Regional Counsels.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $516,800 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
This program provides program direction and management support for the Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM). In addition to supporting the
Assistant Administrator, it includes the OECM Management Operations functions.
The Management Operations staff is responsible for the internal program planning,
budget formulation, financial management, and administrative operations for the
entire Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring as well as budget formulation
suooort for the enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
MS-14
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$3,000 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogranmlng. (-SI,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$4,400) This program was increased by +$4,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $529,000 supported by 12.1 total workyears for
this orogram, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In FY 1984, this program provided basic program planning, management, person-
nel, financial, and administrative support services to the Assistant Administrator.
In addition, this level orovided resources to coordinate formulation of consistent
budget requests for enforcement and compliance monitoring activities across all
media and the initiation of an Enforcement Management Accountability System (EMAS)
within OECM which will track progress on major compliance monitoring and legal
enforcement policy projects at the National level.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $632,800 supported by 12.7 total workyears for
this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $17,900 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. In 1986, this office will require these resources
to continue the full coordination of the staff offices within External Affairs; to
provide the necessary oversight, management, planning, and support services to
these staff offices; and to support the Administrator and Assistant Administrators
in representing and communicating the Agency's programs and policies to the Con-
gress, the public, other governmental entities, and the media.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$7,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $650,700 supported by 12.7 total
workyears to this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. Major emphasis will be placed on instituting strategies and procedures
which enable the Agency to communicate better with outside groups involved with
and affected by EPA decisions.
MS-15
-------
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$4,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogranging. (-$2,100) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$2,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
- Pay Raise. (+$6,200) This program was increased by +$6,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $677,900 supported by 13.3 total
workyears, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
program element provided the management, resource, and administrative support
necessary to support the Office of External Affairs and staff offices.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,499,400 supported by 54.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $60,300 and no change in total workyears. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reduction to pay and
administrative services.
These resources will support senior level management of the Pesticides and
Toxic Substances programs as well as for the Immediate Office of the Assistant
Adninistrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Key activities include: ef-
fective and efficient general management, strategic planning, and administrative
and budget support.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,559,700 supported by 54.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide senior level management of the Pesticides
and Toxic Substances programs as well as the Immediate Office of the Administra-
tor for Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$27,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. .(-$8,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou rces~~^FrOTTn~Tn~e~~A~ge~iTcy to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$8,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$45,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$45,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
MS-16
-------
-Pay Raise. (+$26,400) This program was increased by +$26,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,168,100 supported by 42.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - GENERAL COUNSEL
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of S444.10C supported by 10.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $11,500 and no change in total workyears. The de-
crease reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
The request will provide for executive management and planning, budgeting,
financial management, management analysis, and administrative support services to
the Office of General Counsel .
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$11,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $455,600 supported by 10.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
The program provides for executive management, planning, budgeting, financial
management, management analysis, and administrative support to the Office of General
Counsel .
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$3,400 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sou rees~lvTfnTrr~the~A^ency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$5,100) This program was increased by +$5,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $374,300 supported by 9.9 total
MS-17
-------
workyears for this orogram, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro--
p nation.
Activities focused on providing executive management, planning, analytical
support, budgeting, financial management, and administrative services to the
Office of General Counsel .
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,787,500 supported by 57.7 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents a decrease of 3414,900, and no change in total workyears. The decrease
reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
In 1986, the Office of Research and Development's (ORD) program management
activities will provide overall direction, scientific policy guidance and adminis-
trative support to a highly diversified research program which is conducted in
Headquarters, in 14 major laboratories, and various field sites across the country.
These activities will ensure both the coordination of research efforts, the effi-
cient utilization of resources to meet the Agency's research requirements. Specific
activities include: the formulation and dissemination of scientific and managerial
policy for ORD; the coordination of the research program planning and budgeting
cycle, including the development of research strategies and program plans for a
balanced and integrated prpgram; the monitoring and analysis of current year re-
sources, research operations, and research products; the performance of liaison
activities, enabling ORD both to ascertain regional needs, to incorporate these
needs in its planning, and to support the regional offices during the year and
also to work with Congress, OMB, and other Federal agencies; the operation and
maintenance of ORD's Information Systems which supoort research program planning
and accountability to senior management; and the performance of all other activi-
ties (e.g., facilities planning, management analyses) required for the smooth
operation of ORD.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$16,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,202,400 supported by 57.7 total
workyears to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. Program Management will continue to coordinate and integrate the total re-
search an-d development effort to insure the satisfaction of the needs identified
by the Program and Regional Offices. It will provide overall direction for the
scientific, technical and administrative management to the research programs of
ORD, which will be carried out in Headquarters, laboratories, and other field
components.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$454,800 results from the following actions:
MS-18
-------
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$9,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-Reprogrammings. (+$436,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$436,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$23,000) This program was increased by +$28,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the payraise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,087,300 and 63.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
These resources provided for overall direction, policy guidance, managerial analy-
ses, liaison activities program planning and budgeting, ORD's Information Systems,
and general administrative support.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,606,000 supported by 32.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $64,800 and no change in total workyears. These
resources will allow the Agency to continue to staff and operate a complete
management team within the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).
Policy recommendations and proposed regulations will be thoroughly reviewed for
conformity to law, executive orders, and the Administrator's guidance. Effective
integration of hazardous waste and Superfund activities will occur on a continuous
basis. Deadlines for producing guidance and regulations and for meeting other
milestones established by Congress, OMB, or the Administrator will be met. Plan-
ning and program evaluation will contribute to increased productivity and the
redirection of resources and effort toward priority projects. OSWER budget re-
quests will be developed and justified to the Administrator, OMB, and Congress.
Financial management activities will be in accordance with established policies
and procedures. Congressional and other executive correspondence will be answered
promptly and responsively.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,670,800 supported by 32.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Expected accomplishments include continued successful implementation of the OSWER
management plan and accountability system; management of the review of policy
recommendations and proposed regulations; integration of both program and enforce-
ment hazardous waste and Superfund activities; and preparation and justification
of OSWER budgets, oversight of resource allocation, and financial management.
Additional resources for Superfund program management are included in the Hazardous
Site and Soil! Response program element.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$56,400 results from the following actions:
MS-19
-------
-Reprogrammings. (-$72,000) Several reprogrammings were made.to this activ-
ity which werenot reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$72,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+515,600) This program was increased
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
by +$15,600 reflecting
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,259,100 supported by 25.4 total
workyears, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. During
1984, the Agency continued the rebuilding and restructuring of the office begun in
1983. An overall OSWER management plan was implemented; specific measures of suc-
cess-, milestones, and performance reviews were identified. The Agency continued
integrating hazardous waste and Superfund activities, managing the review of policy
recommendations and proposed regulations, prepared the budget, and continued over-
sight of resource allocation and financial management.
MS-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices MS-22
Immediate Office of the Administrator MS-27
Office of Regional Operations MS-28
Office of Executive Support MS-29
Regulatory Information Service Center MS-30
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-31
Office of International Activities MS-31
Office of Civil Rights MS-32
Science Advisory Board MS-33
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-34
Office of Small & Di sadvantaqed Business Utilization MS-35
Office of Inspector General MS-38
Office of General Counsel MS-41
General Counsel MS-42
Office of External Affairs MS-44
Office of Legislative Analysis MS-48
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-49
Office of Public Affairs MS-50
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison. MS-51
Office of Federal Activities MS-52
Office of Policy, Planning & Evalation MS-54
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-58
Integrated Environmental Management Program MS-58
Office of Policy Analysis MS-59
Office of Standards & Regulations MS-60
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation MS-61
Office of Administration & Resources Management MS-63
Program Management - Administration MS-6R
Financial Management - Headquarters MS-69
Office of the Comptroller MS-70
Contracts & Grants Management MS-71
Personnel & Organization Services MS-72
Facilities & Management Services MS-73
Information Systems & Services MS-74
Human Resources Management MS-76
MS-21
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,912,900 supported by 154.3 total workyears
for 1986, all of which will be-for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $316,400 and no change in total workyears from 1985. The
resources will support enforcement and compliance efforts of both environmental
and civil rights regulations, and stronger executive management in the form of
firmer policy guidance, more effective communications with the Regions, and better
quality scientific advice for the entire Agency.
Program Description
These resources include resources for the Immediate Office of the Adminis-
trator and the staff offices which report directly to the Administrator. The
Administrator and Deputy Administrator are responsible for providing policy and
direction to the Agency and ensuring implementation of their policies; the staff
offices provide cross-cutting Agency Guidance for scientific review of regulations
and research, international environmental initiatives, as well as civil rights,
administrative law hearings, and regional communication.
Immediate Office of the Administrator -- This Office includes: the Admini-
strator and Deputy Administrator, special assistants to the Administrator and
Deputy'Administrator in the various program areas, Judicial Officers, clerical and
support staff.
Office of Regional Operations — This Office provides Headquarters with a
stronger and more effective link to each of the ten regional offices. This link
ensures that the Administrator's policies are effectively communicated to the
Regional Administrators, includes the Regions in the policy-making process, alerts
the Administrator to any potential Regional problems and concerns, and assists him
in managing significant Regional issues.
Office o_f Executive Support -- This Office provides centralized budget plan-
ning and implementation, resource management, personnel, computer planning, and
administrative support services to the Administrator and staff offices and manages
the Agency's correspondence.
Regulatory Information Service Center— The Center is responsible for tab-
ulating and compiling information provided by other Federal agencies concerning
their regulatory efforts.
Administrator's Representation Fund -- The Fund is used for official recep-
tions, meetings, and affairs hosted primarily by the Administrator for domestic
and foreign officials.
Office of International Activities — This Office provides guidance and manage-
ment for the Agency's internationalactivities and programs with Western European
countries, Japan, and the Agency's Scientific Activities Overseas Program. In
addition, the Office manages agreements with Canada and Mexico on cross-boundary
environmental issues and oversees Agency involvement in the activities of inter-
national organizations.
MS-26
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Office of Civil Rights -- This Office manages the Agency's civil rights pro-
grams. It provides policy guidance to the Administrator and evaluates activities
required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal opportunity and
to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA.
Science Advisory Board -- The Board consists of a Director, professional and
clerical staff, and approximately 50 independent scientists and engineers who
advise the Administrator on the scientific and technical bases of the Agency's
decisions. They review the scientific basis of regulatory proposals, the adequacy
of Agency research and the research planning process, the five-year research and
development plan, as well as special requests from the Administrator, the Deputy
Administrator and the Congress.
Office of Administrative Law Judges— Judges from this Office preside over
and conduct hearings required by the Administrative Procedures Act related to ap-
peals of Agency regulations and decisions.
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization — This Office provides
Agency-wide oversight in implementing programs under Sections 8 and 15 of the
Small Business Act, as amended, and develops national policy for EPA for implemen-
ting the Agency-wide minority and women's business enterprise policy.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,753,800 supported by 33.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $59,400 and no change in total workyears.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. The Office is responsible for Agency policy and direc-
tion, leadership and management, and setting environmental goals. The major
priorities in the Immediate Office will be increased emphasis on enforcement and
compliance efforts of both environmental and .civil rights regulations, continued
delegations to State and local governments, and continued support of enhanced
science as a basis for decisionmaking.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$8,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,813,200 supported by 33.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. The major focus of activity in the Immediate Office is to pursue delegation
of programs to State and local governments, support enhanced science as a basis
for decision-making and managing risk, and ensure better internal management.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$10,900 results from the following actions:
MS-27
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-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$5,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$5,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$16,200) This program was increased by +$16,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,244,000 supported by 46.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The major focus was ensuring better internal management within EPA
programs and offices.
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $264,800 supported by 4,0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents a decrease of $10,300 and no change i-n total workyears. The decrease in
Salaries and Expense reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative
services. In addition to continuing to provide a key communications link between
the Administrator and the ten Regional offices, the Office will be responsible for
coordinating and -providing guidance to the ten Environmental Services Divisions.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires_ decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$2,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $275,100 supported by 4.0 total
workyears, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Office
is placing emphasis on developing improved systems for stronger Regional participa-
tion in the Agency's decision-making processes.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$1,900) This program was increased by +$1,900 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
MS-28
-------
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $266,200 supported by 5.2 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies were effectively communicated
to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were included in the policy-making
process, and that the Administrator was kept informed of Regional concerns and
issues.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $804,900 supported by 23.8 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $28,500 and no change in total workyears. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and
administrative services. This Office will continue to provide administrative,
personnel, and budget support to the Administrator's staff.offices and manage the
Agency's correspondence.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of .$833,400 supported by 23.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expense appro-
priation. The Office is monitoring resource expenditures, developing the outyear
budget for the staff offices, providing centralized personnel and administrative
support services, and assisting staff offices with recruitment and staffing and
property control. The Office continues to prepare a yearly report to Congress on
the cost to the Agency and to the public of administering the Freedom of Informa-
tion Act.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$7,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$11,600) This program was increased by +$11,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $699,900 supported by 23.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office completed monthly financial and operating plan reports,
MS-29
-------
budget development and execution for the staff offices, workload analysis for -
Regional management, in addition to providing personnel action preparation and
staffing plan development, administrative services, and resource and computer
planning studies for the Administrator's staff offices. The Office logged, con-
trolled, and tracked all Congressional and Administrator and Deputy Administrator
correspondence.
REGULATORY INFORMATION SERVICE CENTER
1986 Program Request
The Regulatory Information Service Center requests a total of $517,000 sup-
ported by 5.0 total workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $52,100 and no change in total work-
years. The decease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions
to pay and administrative services. The Center will publish two editions of the
Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations and will continue to maintain an automated
data base of Federal Government regulatory activity. The Center will also continue
its monthly analysis of Federal Register Statistics.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$4,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Regulatory Information Service Center is allocating a total of
$569,100 supported by 5.0 total workyears, all of which is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The Center is producing the Unified Agenda of Federal
Regulations for October 1984 and April 1985 and will continue its monthly analysis
of Federal Register Statistics.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,600 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$2,400) This program was increased by +$2,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $513,200 supported by 4.9 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Center coordinated the publication of the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations
for October 1983 and April 1984. The Office put into operation an automated data
base of Federal government regulatory activity and conducted monthly analysis of
Federal Register Statistics.
MS-30
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ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000 for this program, all of which will be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This reflects no change from 1985. This
fund will enable the Administrator to host official receptions, meetings, and
affairs for visiting dignitaries and officials.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000 for this program, all of
which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, to cover the expenses
of official receptions and other functions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,400 for this program, all of which
was for Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This covered the expenses of official
receptions and other functions.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,118,100 supported by 22.0 total workyears
for this program,-all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $30,100 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. The Office will continue to provide guidance, coordi-
nation and exchange of scientific and technical information. on a regular basis
in support of Agency programs, and to promote agreed upon approaches to common
environmental problems with border countries, including development of an environ-
mental agreement with Mexico to control border sanitation problems and with
Canada for guidance on international acid precipitation and re-negotiation of a
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$3,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,148,200 supported by 22.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Dealing with border pollution problems with Canada and Mexico
continues to dominate the focus of the international program. This includes con-
tinuing negotiations on a transboundary air quality agreement, a joint plan to
MS-31
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reduce phosphorous levels in the Great Lakes, and cooperative efforts to remedy
the pollution in the Niagara River Basin. Negotiations are under way with
Mexico concerning a new border agreement on control of border sanitation pro-
blems. In 1985, emphasis is also being directed to ensure the harmonization of
regulatory practices to meet environmental objectives and to facilitate trade and
environmental aspects of trade in chemicals and shipment of hazardous wastes.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$7,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$10,70U) This program was increased by +$10,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,125,400 supported by 22.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Cross-boundary environmental issues with Canada and Mexico were a major
emphasis in 1984. The development and implementation of bilateral cooperation and
exchange programs on environmental problems with China and the Soviet Union, and
with international organizations such as the United Nations Environmental Program,
the World Health Organization, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, were also emphasized.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,059,000 supported by 20.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $45,800 and no change in total workyears. The decrease
in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reduction to pay and administra-
tive services. These resources will enable the Office of Civil Rights to continue
to provide technical guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil Rights efforts.
Increased emphasis will be put on reducing the average processing time for complaints
of discrimination, expanding the special emphasis program to include full-time
Black Employment program and Federal Women's program management; and strengthening
the Agency's participation in the Historically Black Colleges and Universities
program.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$3,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,104,800 supported by 20.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
MS-32
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tion. The Office of Civil Rights continues development and training of civil
rights staff; improves and strengthens external complaints handling system; con-
tinues implementation of civil rights training for managers; expands and improves
Agencywide recruitment efforts; provides technical guidance and direction for the
Agency's civil rights efforts; provides continuous monitoring of affirmative
action plan implementation. This Office also expands and improves the Equal
Employment Opportunity (EEO) counseling program; strengthens and improves the
special emphasis programs; strengthens the Agency's participation in the Histor-
ically Black Colleges and Universities Program; and improves the implementation
of the Agency's policy on non-discrimination in Federally-assisted 'programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$54,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$61,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$61,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$10,100) This program was increased by +$10,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,186,100 supported by 23.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office carried out equal opportunity hiring and employment programs;
marraged the Agency's affirmative action program, special emphasis program and the
discrimination complaints program; implemented regulations and programs requiring
EPA grant recipients to adhere to the civil rights laws and labor standards require-
ments of applicable Federal statutes; served as the Agency's focal point for the
Historically Black Colleges and Universities- Program; established an external
complaints handling system; developed a civil rights training program for EPA
managers; and established in-house complaints investigations capability. In addi-
tion, the Office developed an effective Agency-wide recruitment and referral
system; developed a standardized appeal procedure in labor standards cases; and
promulgated a consolidated civil rights regulation.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,213,500 supported by 23.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This reflects a decrease of $43,200 and no change in total workyears. The decrease
in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administra-
tive services. The Administrator will identify approximately 50 regulatory issues
for the Science Advisory Board (SAB) to review in 198"6. This review process will
enable the Administrator and the Agency to gain greater credibility by basing
regulatory decisions on scientific and technical data which has been reviewed by
the SAB.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-515,601) in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories. MS-33
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,256,700 supported by 23.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The number of scientific reviews is expected to increase to 58. The
additional issues which the SAB are reviewing will be primarily in the health
related area.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$7,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of resour-
ces within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$11,600) This program was increased by +$11,600 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984' Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,144,400 and 18.7 total workyears for this
program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The SAB
was involved in 51 reviews during 1984. Included among these were the review of
the Integrated Environmental Management Project; Research Outlook Review; review
of EPA's scientific and technological achievement awards; review of the Office of
Research and Development health assessment documents; review of health advisories
for safe drinking water; review of two effluent guidelines for industrial source
categories; review of the status of the ambient air quality research program;
review of the methodologies used for setting ambient air quality standards; review
of the EPA acidic deposition research program; review of the Sewage Sludge Disposal
Guidelines; and three research program reviews.
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $735,600 supported by 15.6 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
reflects a decrease of $34,200 and no change in total workyears. The decrease in
Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative
services. In 1986, this Office will continue to preside over and conduct hearings
required by the Administrative Procedures Act related to suspension, cancellation,
licensing and enforcement actions, including the assessment of civil penalties
initiated by the Agency. Preliminary estimates indicate a significant number of
new Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 120, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
cases, and Toxic Substances Act cases in 1986. The Administrative Law Judges
will also continue to adjudicate civil rights cases investigated by the Office of
Civil Rights.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-34
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $769,800 supported by 15.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The total number of cases expected from EPA Regional offices in 1985 is 558
cases. This represents an increase of 35 cases over 1984, all of which will be
under RCRA. In addition, this.Office is handling cases originating at Headquarters,
including suspensions; cancellations; Section 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and CAA cases.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$5,100 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$2,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of resour-
ces within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net -decrease of
-$2,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$7,600) This program was increased by +$7,600 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $642,800 supported by 14.0 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This Office maintained a docket of 523 cases in 1984. Of these cases, 159 were
under RCRA; 208 were under the Toxic Substances Control Act; and 103 cases were
under FIFRA.
•OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $443,200 supported by 5.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will- be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $12,800 and no change in total workyears. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and
administrative services. In 1986, emphasis will be placed on handling additional
"hotline" calls, implementing a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating busi-
ness regulatory outreach demonstration projects, and promoting Minority Business
Enterprise (MBE) and Women's Business Enterprise (WBE) participation in the Agency's
financial assistance programs to comply with Executive Order 12432.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-35
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $456,000 supported by 5.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office continues to coordinate activities with EPA's procurement and
financial assistance programs by providing training and technical assistance. The
Office provides assistance toward increasing the level of MBE and WBE participation
in EPA assisted programs by helping to locate qualified contractors by creating
source lists and a complete Central Resource Directory, and by developing and imple-
menting indirect procurement policy guidance. This program provides technical
and managerial assistance to staff assigned to socioeconomic program activities
and counseling to minority and women's business' in compliance with Executive
Order 12432. The Office is also providing a "hotline" for small businesses experi-
encing problems with EPA regulations.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$1,900 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,000) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,000 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$2,900) This program was increased by +$2,900 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $383,900 supported by 8.5 total" work-
years for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office implemented the Presidential directive to assure increased minority
business participation in contracting under grants and cooperative agreements.
Extensive assistance to program and Regional Offices, grant recipients, and minority
contractors was also accomplished in 1984. In addition, the program assumed
responsibility of the Small Business Ombudsman function, whose primary function
is to provide regulatory compliance assistance to small firms by operating a nation-
wide toll-free "hotline".
MS-36
-------
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-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Inspector General
Budget Request
The Agency requests d total of $14,592,200 supported by 225.7 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $751,300 and no change in total workyears from 1985. All
of this request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This office is responsible for conducting, supervising, and coordinating
audits and investigations relating to EPA programs and operations; promoting
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs;
preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; keeping
the Administrator and the Congress advised of problem areas and related corrective
action; and reviewing EPA regulations and legislation.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,592%200 supported by 225.7 total workyears
for this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $751,300 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
This decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. The resources requested will be used by the Office
of Inspector General (DIG) to 'Continue its efforts in fraud prevention by working
closely with the recently established EPA Committee on Integrity and Management
Improvement, publicizing its activities to E'PA employees, identifying areas sensi-
tive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods. It will continue to
emphasize internal and management audits to improve the economy, effectiveness,
and efficiency of EPA programs and provide audit coverage to EPA programs and
operations which have received little or no audit coverage in the past. It will
provide limited audit coverage for the wastewater treatment construction grant
program and EPA contracts and other grant programs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$47,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,343,500 supported by 225.7
total workyears for this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Inspector General is continuing its efforts in per-
forming internal and management audits needed to help improve the economy, effi-
ciency, and effectiveness of overall program operations. Primary emphasis is on
reviewing programs or areas to which sufficient audit resources have not been
devoted in the past. For example, reviews are being made of the adequacy of Agency
management of its regional laboratory and State agency management of construction
grant programs and recent improvements to the Agency's contract award process.
MS-39
-------
Investigative resources are devoted to investigations of (1) unlawful price
fixing and bid-rigging conspiracies; (2) white collar crimes concerning embezzle-
ment, forgery, procurement fraud, and false claims; (3) employee misconduct and
unlawful disclosures of confidential business information; and (4) improprieties
by contractors leading to suspension and debarment actions. Continued efforts are
being made to encourage the use of the Office of Inspector General hotline to
uncover instances of suspected fraud, waste, and mismanagement. Under the fraud
prevention program, the Office of Inspector General is providing technical and
audit assistance to elements of the Agency assessing the adequacy of internal
controls as required by the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act .of 1982.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$73,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$36,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$36,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$109,700) This program was increased by +$109,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $12,723,700 supported by 194.5 total
workyears, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office of Inspector General issued 1,563 audit reports which questioned $108 million
of the $5.5 billion audited. On an overall basis, $63.1 million of costs questioned
were sustained by Agency management. During the year, the Agency obtained $1.8
million of cost efficiencies and $37.4 million of cash savings as a result of
audit efforts. An expanded internal and management audit program was implemented,
and about 30 percent of the DIG resources were devoted to examining many critical
areas which had never been tested in EPA before. Internal audits provided recom-
mendations for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of program operations
such as; improved financial and programmatic controls and improved controls over
the accounting and management of Agency personal property.
The Office of Inspector General installed a new supervisory management team
in its Office of Investigations, recruited 70 percent of its total special agent
staff, and adopted new policies and procedures to ensure professional investigative
work. The DIG opened 261 new investigative cases and closed 338 cas-es, obtaining
25 indictments and convictions. Significant results were achieved in investigations
of sewer rehabilitation fraud and bid-rigging schemes.
The Office of Inspector General initiated a program to prevent fraud, waste,
and mismanagement and established an employee awareness program to explain its
role as an independent financial and operational overseer and encourage reporting
of wrongdoing to the DIG hotline. The DIG participated with the Administrator in
creating the Committee on Integrity and Management Improvement to initiate Agency-
wide participation in preventing and detecting fraud, waste, and mismanagement.
Finally, the DIG acquired the personnel security function and brought it current
by reducing the case backlog and improving operating procedures to ensure the
integrity of EPA employees.
MS-40
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,416,800 supported by 131.5 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $147,900 and an increase of 1.0 total workyear from 1985.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Office of General Counsel provides legal advice and counsel to the Agency's
top management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation of EPA
administered statutes, other applicable laws, and such matters as personnel,
grants, and contracts. In addition, the program is responsible for litigation
activity in which EPA is a defendant. These resources provide legal advice to the
Agency in all major regulatory actions, or other Agency actions in which litigation
is likely, to ensure that legal error is avoided and legal positions are presented
in the most persuasive manner.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,416,800 supported by 131.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $147,900 and an increase of 1.0 total workyear. The
decrease reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
The increase of 1.0 total workyear provides increased support to the implementation
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Priority functions in 1986 include: handling all litigation in which EPA is a
defendant; a large volume 'of complex Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
regulatory reviews; RCRA State delegation; RCRA, National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System, and Safe Drinking Water Act permit reviews. Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act adjudicatory proceedings, Rebuttable Pre-
sumption Against Registration conclusions, Clean Air Act reauthorization support,
National Ambient Air Quality Standards revisions, National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants standards, and State Implementation Plan reviews will
also be important activities. Routine legal services will include support to the
Office of Inspector General; construction grant support; bid protests; debarment
and suspension implementation; and Freedom of Information Act and personnel
ethics matters.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,564,700 supported by 130.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The 1985 program provides continued support to Agency program
priorities through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive litigation,
review of Agency rulemaking actions, and participating in selected administrative
proceedings.
MS-42
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$62,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$700) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$700 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$63,500) This program was increased by +$63,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $6,166,700 supported by 121.5 total
workyears, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In 1984,
the General Counsel supported Agency priorities by providing legal advice and
support to Agency managers and by defending the Agency in litigation filed against
it. The Office of General Counsel also reviewed regulatory actions to ensure
legal defensibility and provided advice on other actions, such as grants, contracts,
and personnel actions.
MS-43
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-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
.Office of External Affairs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,447,800 supported by 130.5 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $256,200 and no change in total workyears from 1985. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
will enable the Office of External Affairs to support the Administrator and each
Assistant Administrator in more effectively communicating the Agency's program
activities and mandates within and outside the Agency.
Program Description
These resources include the salaries and associated costs for the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator, the Office of Congressional Liaison, the
Office of Legislative Analysis, the Office of Public Affairs, the Office of Inter-
governmental Liaison, and the Office of Federal Activities. The Office of External
Affairs was created recently by consolidating the independent activities of four
former staff offices of the Office of the Administrator. The Administrator creat-
ed this new organization to provide a clear interpretation of the Agency's programs
and priorities to increase Agency effectiveness by improving Congressional liaison,
to establish outreach to broaden our constituency base through State and local
contacts, public interest groups, and citizen participation, and to reaffirm and
strengthen Federal agency contacts.
Office of Legislative Analysis— This office is responsible for preparing
Agency draftlegislation,developing testimony for Agency officials to present
before Congress, and conducting analyses of environmentally related legislation
developed by the Congress. It works closely with the Administrator, Assistant
Administrator for External Affairs, and the program offices in developing the
Agency's legislative program and in guiding specific legislative proposals through
the inter-agency legislative clearance process. This office also maintains the
Agency's Legislative Reference Library and provides legislative research services
for the Agency.
Office of Congressional Liaison -- This office serves as the principal point
of Congressional contact for the Agency. It provides daily summaries of Congres-
sional activities throughout EPA and provides recommendations, advice, and assist-
ance to the Administrator, Assistant Administrator for External Affairs, and other
senior policy officials involved with the development, presentation, and implemen-
tation of the Agency's legislative program. The office reviews all Congressional
correspondence, responds to Congressional requests for information and Agency
publications, and coordinates grant and contract announcements to Congress.
Office of Public Affairs -- This office develops Agency policy for media
relations and public information. Its activities include: preparing press releases
and feature materials for media distribution; responding to press inquiries; con-
ducting press conferences and briefings; coordinating media appearances of key
Agency officials; compiling daily and weekly news clips of national press coverage.
The office also prepares publications for the general public on major programs and
activities of EPA; produces newsletters for internal EPA use; supervising the
nationwide EPA community relations program to inform citizens of EPA decisions
and actions; supports television and radio outlets nationwide with audiovisual
materials explaining EPA programs; and reviews all public information materials
for conformance to the Agency's Graphics Standards System.
MS-47
-------
Office of Intergovernmental Liaison— This office serves as the Agency's
principal point of contact with major national public interest groups, environmen-
tal groups, industry representatives, and State and local governments, and advises
the Administrator and other Agency officials on the positions and views of these
groups and develops appropriate strategies for effective interactions and dialogue
with them and their constituencies. The office will continue to emphasize the
Administrator's concern for developing cooperation and support for delegating
Agency programs to State and local government and for broadening the base of
involvement in the Agency's regulatory decision making process.
Office of Federal Activities -- This office develops national policies for
dealing with environmental issues and problems associated with Federal agencies.
Specifically, the Office of Federal Activities (OFA) is responsible for ensuring
that EPA and other Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally
sound manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309 of
the Clean Air Act. In this capacity, OFA files and publishes notices of all Envi-
ronmental Impact Statements. In concert with the Army Corps of Engineers, OFA
manages the Dredge and Fill program under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. OFA
oversees Federal facility compliance with all Federal statutory environmental
requirements, and specifically with Executive Order 12088. OFA also develops
policies for dealing with environmental problems on Indian reservations and im-
plements such policies.
OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $910,600 supported by 20.9 total workyears for
this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $20,800 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. During 1986, the office will realize efficiencies in
completing Congressional and Agency requests due to continuing computerization of
routine legislative research functions. This program will continue to ensure that
testimony, drafting of legislation, and reports on pending and enacted legislation
will be developed and provided to the Congress in a timely fashion and consistent
with Agency policies and the Administration's programs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $931,400 supported by 20.9 total
workyears for this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office of Legislative •Analysis provides leadership and support for
special Agency working groups to draft legislative initiatives, develop testimony
and provide required reports on legislation to Congress. In addition to providing
technical support to the Agency programs and regional offices on the major environ-
mental legislation developing in Congress, special attention is devoted to reauthor-
ization of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Toxic Substances Control Act, and Safe Drinking
Water Act. The Office is also responsible for representing the Agency in all
legislation-related day-to-day contacts with the Office of Management and Budget
and other Federal Agencies.
MS-48
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$16,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$10,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$10,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$10,200) This program was increased by +$10,200 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $764,800 supported by 19.2 total work-
years for this office, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office developed draft legislative proposals extending the appropriations
required for all of EPA's major statutory authorities: Clean Water Act, Clean Air
Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Marine Protec-
tion, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, Toxic Substances Control Act, and Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. The Agency began preparation of the
1985 legislative program and selected areas in which legislative proposals would
be developed in the 99th Congress. The Agency developed testimony and related
material for 81 hearings, received 233 requests for Agency comments on bills,
draft legislative reports and testimony of other agencies, provided recommendations
to the President on 13 enrolled bills, and received 68 requests for Agency comments
on bills from various Congressional committees.
OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $906,100 supported by 21.5 total workyears for
this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $18,500 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. The continuing use of computerized data bases for
routine information functions within Congressional Liaison will enable the staff
to deal more rapidly with some types of Congressional requests in 1986. The budget
request will enable the office to provide effective day-to-day liaison with the
Congress'and will ensure that Member and Committee requests are handled in a timely
manner.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-49
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $924,600 supported by 21.5 total
workyears for this office, all of which is for Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Congressional Liaison represents the views of the Agency before
Congress and is responsible for the coordination of EPA-related hearings, the
briefing of affected Congressional delegations, and the supervision of Congression-
al^ generated casework and all daily interaction with Congressional Members and
staff. Special attention in the 99th Congress is being placed on Congressional
actions involving such major pieces of legislation as the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA), Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Safe Drinking Water Act.
1985 Explanation of Changes, from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$5,300 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$12,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$12,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$10,400) This program was increased by +$10,400 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $881,800 supported by 20.8 total
workyears for this office, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-to-day
Congressional contacts, including more than 200 briefings of members and/or Staff,
involvement in 81 hearings, and coordination of more than 70 specif.ic Committee
investigative information requests.
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1986 Program Request
. The Agency requests a total of $2,479,100 supported by 48.6 total workyears
for this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $106,700 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. In 1986, the Office of Public Affairs (OPA) will
continue to inform and educate the public about the issues before the Agency and
to promote understanding of the Agency's mission and the Administrator's goals and
objectives.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$97,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-50
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,585,800 supported by 48.6 total
workyears for this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. In addition to working with the news media and providing informational
materials for the general public, OPA is emphasizing: (1) providing leadership and
guidance to strengthen EPA community relations activities, (2) improving coordina-
tion within the Agency of communication activities related to major Agency actions,
and (3) improving the cost-effectiveness of the information program by focusing on
Agency priority issues of broad concern to the general public.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$13,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$7,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$7,800 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$2,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$2,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$23,600) This program was increased by +$23,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,480,900 supported by 48.2 total
workyears for this office, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. In addition to the general activities of informing the news media and provid-
ing information material to the public, the office established a community involve-
ment program to design, develop and coordinate strategies to explain EPA activities
at the local level, strengthened internal communications with Agency managers and
employees, and initiated improvements in Agency publications to ensure that the
Congress, the regulated community, and the public are informed of Agency activities.
OFFICE OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL LIAISON
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $558,200 supported by 9.7 total workyears for
this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $14,900 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. In 1986, the Office expects to enhance its program
of communication and liaison with State and local elected officials and major
intergovernmental constituency organizations (ICOs). The office will also con-
tinue to assist in delegation of environmental programs to State and local govern-
ments and will assist all groups with information requests, arranging and attending
meetings, and encouraging involvement in the regulatory process.
MS-51
-------
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$1,100 in the Salaries'and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $573,100 supported by 9.7 total
workyears for this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office is improving communication with elected State and local officials
through regular contact with ICOs and environmental and industry organizations and
interest groups; representing the Agency at meetings conducted by ICO environmental
committees; developing an Agency policy on the review of ICO contract and grant
requests to ensure relevant and cost effective work products; participating in
Agency-wide workgroups on EPA policy management issues; communicating regularly
with elected State and local officials; and providing advice on State and local
concerns to senior Agency officials.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$9,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$1,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$1,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$6,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$6,300 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$4,700) This program was increased by +$4,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $598,500 supported by 11.7 total
workyears for this office, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. During 1984, the Office established and improved basic working relation-
ships with intergovernmental constituency organizations, attended and/or addressed
numerous meetings of ICO environmental committees, began a series of informal
meetings with various business groups, and maintained daily contact with elected
State and local officials.
OFFICE .OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,593,800 supported by 29.8 total workyears
for this office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $95,300 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. The Office of Federal Activities (OFA) will maintain
oversight concerning EPA's compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act,
including preparation of the necessary environmental documents for NEPA compliance,
MS-52
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such as environmental impact statements (EISs); review other Federal agencies'
projects and actions including their EISs; direct activities to assure compliance
by other Federal agencies with all environmental statutes pursuant to Executive
Order 12088; review the budget plans of other agencies to assure adequate funding
of abatement projects pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular A-106;
manage the dredge and fill (Section 404) program; and coordinate the implementation
of EPA programs on Indian reservations.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -$16,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,689,100 supported by 29.8 total
workyears for this office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office of Federal Activities develops guidance and directs implementation
of EPA policies associated with other Federal agencies; it has been increasing
liaison activities with these agencies. OFA plans to revise and update policies
and guidance for its programs, including development of Agency Indian policies.
In addition, the Office continues to review and prepare EISs, review other Federal
actions, and direct activities pursuant to Executive Order 12088 and Office of
Management and Budget Circular A-106 related to compliance of Federal installations
with environmental regulations.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$9,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$4,800) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$4,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$14,500) This program was increased by +$14,500 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,544,900 supported by 27.6 total
workyears for this office, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office focused its activity on regulatory reform within the 404 program
and on development and implementation of Agency policies and guidance associated
with other Federal agencies. Specifically, OFA reviewed approximately 200 Environ-
mental Impact Statements (EISs), proposed rules, and regulations pursuant to
the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act.
OFA continued to direct activities to assure Federal Facility compliance with all
environmental mandates.
MS-53
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,685,200 supported by 224.9 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $2,113,000 and an increase of 1.0 total workyear from
1985. All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expense appropriation.
Program'Description
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE), under the guidance of
the Assistant Administrator, directs the Agency's regulation development and review
process, formulates Agency policy, and develops planning strategy. Specifically,
OPPE reviews all EPA regulations to ensure consistency with Agency policy,
coordinates all internal Agency reviews of regulations, and leads the Agency's
regulatory reform activities.
In addition, OPPE's analyses of the economic and environmental effects of
EPA's regulations, policies, and programs, as well as evaluations of the effective-
ness of ongoing Agency programs, stimulate policy formulation. Through these
programs, the Agency is developing a framework for a well-run strategic -planning and
management process, and ensuring that EPA's program objectives and environmental
goals are clearly defined and met. OPPE also provides special studies and analyses
to support Agency decisionmaking processes in both management and program areas.
A brief description of each of the program elements included in OPPE follows:
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation -- This program element
supports the Assistant Administrator'sImmediate Office and provides senior OPPE
managers with policy direction, program planning, and budgeting and resource
management.
Integrated Environmental Management Program — This program develops an inte-
grated planning and program management strategy to make regulations more con-
sistent and to avoid unnecessary economic or environmental impacts.
Office of Policy Analysis — This program element contains resources to ana-
lyze EPA regulations, policies, and programs from the perspective of their economic
and environmental impacts and benefits.
Office of Standards and Regulations— This office manages the Agency's regu-
lation development and review process, analyzes all of EPA's regulations to ensure
technical quality and consistency with Agency policy, designs the Agency's regula-
tory reform activities, and develops innovative approaches to regulation.
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation — This program operates the Agen-
cy's accountability system, evaluates program effectiveness in meetin" Agency
goals, and designs and implements necessary management reforms, including a system
to manage for environmental results.
MS-57
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $806,700 supported by 14.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $38,400 and no change in total workyears. The
increase results from centralizing the costs of operating and maintaining the
OPPE minicomputer system. This request will provide the Assistant Administrator
with sufficient staff and resourees for policy direction, special analyses, and
budgetary and administrative support necessary to manage OPPE and its component
offices efficiently and effectively.
<
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $768,300 supported by 14.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This program is providing overall policy direction and conducting the
activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$4,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$2,300) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease
of -$2,300 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$6,800) This program was increased by +$6,800 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $943,600 supported by 16.7 total work-
years for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
These funds supported the basic budgetary, administrative, analytic, and planning
activities necessary to manage OPPE.
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,184,900 supported by 20.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $472,400 and no change in total workyears. The de-
crease reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
MS-58
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These resources will allow the Integrated Environmental Management Program
(IEMP) to continue work on the industry studies, improving the agricultural and
ground water models and using a generic "industry" model to create rapid hybrid
models for particular geographic areas. In addition, IEMP will complete work on
- the second and third geographic projects and initiate a fourth site -that will
focus on media office coordination at the Regional and national .level. The series
of State level projects, that move towards institutionalizing geographic concepts
at the local level for improved environmental planning and results, will continue.
IEMP will also initiate a specific evaluation of the effects of using this approach
for environmental planning, addressing both the benefits and limitations of the
geographic concept.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,657,300 supported by 20.0 total
workyears to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. With these resources, IEMP is continuing work on industry studies applicable
to such inter-media issues as sludge, ground water, pretreatment, hazardous waste
strategies, and cropland pollution control. It is also working on geographic
study areas, including Baltimore, Maryland and Santa Clara, California, to further
develop strategies for enabling Federal, State, and local governments to jointly de-
velop efficient environmental controls for particular geographic areas. In ad-
dition, IEMP is initiating a series of smaller projects - in Providence, Rhode
Is1and;xNorthern Illinois; and up to three additional States - that are operated
at the State or Regional level. Such projects will enable IEMP to assess the
ability of other environmental management units to use this approach productively.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$6,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,200) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,200 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$9,700) This program was increased by +$9,700 reflecting the
amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,290,400 supported by 18.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Besides using these resources to refine specific industry models,
IEMP moved towards completing its geographic demonstration project in the Philadel-
phia metropolitan area, continued applying the geographic methodology to a second
site in Baltimore, and initiated a third site in Santa Clara.
MS-58A
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OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,201,200 supported by 63,1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $1,197,100 and an increase of 1.0 total workyear.
The decrease reflects'Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
The additional workyear will help in meeting the increased demands imposed by the
expansion and acceleration of the hazardous waste program.
j
In 1986, the Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will update the Congressionally-
required "Cost of Clean Air and Water" report originally completed in 1985, conclude
studies of the macroeconomic impacts of EPA regulations, undertake analyses of
risk management across programs, and perform studies on the combined economic
impact of all EPA regulations on major industries as well as several company or
plant-specific financial analyses. OPA's Benefits Program will incoporate benefits
analysis in decisions on construction grants and accelerate an important effort
to improve risk-benefit techniques applied by the pesticides program. Lastly,
OPA's Economic Research Program will renew promising cooperative agreements with
academic researchers.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$39,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,398,300 supported by 62.1 total
workyears to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. With these resources, OPA is focusing on reviewing existing regulations
and standards, which require intensified cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness anal-
ysis. OPA is placing additional emphasis on intra-industry and cross-industry
cost-effectiveness comparison. The office is reviewing its existing data base
and upgrading and expanding it as necessary. The Agency is reviewing all the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards as well as many of its recently promulgated
effluent guidelines. OPA is completing a new Congressionally-mandated "Cost of
Clean Air and Water" report. OPA is also continuing its strategic studies which
examine the cumulative macroeconomic impacts of EPA's regulations on major indus-
tries. OPA's Benefits Program is pursuing major efforts to incorporate benefits
analysis in a variety of regulatory situations, including development of the
Agency's groundwater strategy. And, its Economic Research Program is renewing
many of the cooperative agreements.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$46,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$42,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$42,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
MS-59
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-Reprogrammings. (-$34,200) Several reprogrammings were made to this activi-
ty which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$34,200 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$30,200) This program was increased by +$30,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $7,653,000 supported by 60.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. OPA continued to oversee the Agency's implementation of Executive Order
12291, working closely with program offices to evaluate the costs, economic impact,
and benefits of prospective regulatory requirements or changes. OPA analyzed the
economic impact of potential amendments to the Clean Air and Water Acts and initiated
a new "Cost of Clean Air and Water" report. A study of the macroeconomic impacts
of all EPA regulations was continued. The Economic Research Program developed
improved methods for determining the economic benefits, and to a much more limited
extent, the economic cost of pollution control.
OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,706,300 supported by 68.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $386,100 and no change in total workyears. The de-
crease reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
With these resources, the Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR) will maintain
compliance with Executive Order 12291, the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Paperwork
Reduction Act, and Federal Register requirements by continuing its technical,
statistical, and policy review of existing regulations as well as those un'der
development. It will continue regulatory reform- efforts and concentrate on
analyses of Agencywide scientific issues that affect rulemaking. OSR will also
work on several chemical studies and maintain chemical integration and coordination
efforts.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$3,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,092,400 supported by 68.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. This funding allows the Office of Standards and Regulations to manage
the Agency's regulation development and review processes, ensure Agency compliance
with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, ensure the technical quality of Agency
regulations and policies, improve the statistical quality of Agency regulations
and data collection and analysis activities, ensure integration of the Agency's
regulatory programs on chemicals across program offices, and continue to initiate
and promote sound regulatory reforms.
MS-60
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$46,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$42,500) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery'Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$42,500 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (-$37,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$37,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$33,500) This program was increased by +$33,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,230,600 supported by 68.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. OSR continued its effective management and oversight of the regulation
development and review process ensuring compliance with Executive Order 12291, the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Paperwork Reduction Act, and Federal Register
requirements. OSR intensified regulatory reform and relief efforts and continued
to concentrate on improving the scientific, engineering, and statistical base
for regulations and policies. It also developed and tested an integrated cost-
effectiveness model for multi-media chemical control and initiated an Agencywide
investigation of priorities for regulating chemicals.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,786,100 supported by 59.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This request represents a decrease of $95,800 and no change in total workyears.
The decrease reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
This funding level will enable the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation
(OMSE) to assess whether Agency goals and program commitments are being met and
what corrective actions should be taken if weaknesses are detected. To accomplish
this, OMSE will carry out evaluations of major programs or program components,
perform short-term management reviews, and operate the management accountability
system and ensure its integration with other Agency management systems. OMSE
will also develop Agencywide planning guidance and will operate a special tracking
system for the Deputy Administrator. The Regional Administrator's Environmental
Management Reports will continue under OMSE auspices as will cooperation between
Headquarters and the Regional offices in developing improved indicators of environ-
mental status and trends and improved monitoring strategies.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$6,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-61
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency Is allocating a total of $2,881,900 supported by 59.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. With these resources, OMSE is assessing the Agency's effectiveness in meeting
program goals and commitments by conducting evaluations of major programs, by
running the management accountability system, by performing a number of quality
assurance reviews, and by developing and recommending corrective actions where
the need for improvement is identified. OMSE is developing mechanisms for connecting
the accountability system, which measures each program's progress in meeting its
goals and commitments, with other Agency management systems. In addition, OMSE is
working with Headquarters and Regional Offices to develop improved indicators of
environmental status and trends, and improved monitoring strategies.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$3,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$32,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$32,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$28,700) This program was increased by +$28,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,394,400 supported by 53.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. OMSE oversaw implementation of the recommendations contained in the
final report of the State and Federal task force and issued the Delegation and
Oversight Policy for State programs. It concluded projects on the Air regulatory
program and National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permitting. OMSE
expanded efforts to implement and refine the accountability system for the Admini-
strator and developed specialized tracking systems for individual programs such as
Superfund, permit issuance, and effluent guidelines issuance. It conducted in-depth
quality assurance reviews of programs and completed management reviews which
resulted in recommendations to expedite regulatory development in the Air and
Water programs, improve effectiveness of the Asbestos in Schools program, and
improve the way the Agency conducts health assessments. OMSE also helped to develop
Agency monitoring policy and guidance for the programs' development of monitoring
strategies.
MS-62
-------
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MS-66
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,099,200 supported by 982.8 total work-
years for 1986, an increase of $156,300 and 15.8 total workyears from 1985. All
of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) performs Agency-
wide administrative management and support functions and provides administrative
services to Headquarters and our two largest non-regional field operations —
Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio. The Office
also controls the Agency's central planning and budgeting process which allocates
workyear and financial resources among program areas and ensures adequate fund
control. In addition, the Office directs a Human Resources Management program
for all Agency employees.
The immediate office of the Assistant Administrator provides overall direc-
tion for all Office activities, as well as Agencywide administrative support
policy. There are six organizational components under the Assistant Administrator
for Administration and Resources Management: Office of the Comptroller, Office of
Administration, Office of Information Resources Management, Office of Human Re-
sources Management, and the Offices of Administration at Research Triangle Park
and Cincinnati. The Office of the Comptroller provides Agencywide -financial
services as well as budget development and execution activities. The Office of
Administration provides services in the areas of personnel administration, fa-
cilities management, organizational analysis, contracts and grants management,
and occupational health and safety. The Office of Information Resources Manage-
ment directs the Agency's ADP program and library services. The Office of Human
Resources Management provides workforce planning, career development, and execu-
tive management services to EPA employees. Our RTP and Cincinnati offices provide
administrative services to the environmental programs at EPA's major research
locations. A brief description of each of the program elements included in this
office follows:
Program Management - Administration — This component consists of the Assistant
Administrator's immediate office which provides oversight, planning functions, and
performs all of the budgeting and resource management activities within OARM.
Financial Management - Headquarters -- This component includes financial man-
agement, policy and accounting, and financial reporting activities for Headquarters
and field offices.
Office of the Comptroller— This component develops and operates EPA's pro-
gram planning and budgeting system; analyzes and prepares Agency budgets for
submission to Congress and OMB; and maintains the Agency's allocation, control,
and review system for all workyear and financial resources.
Contracts and Grants Management— This component establishes Agencywide con-
tracts and grants policy; awards and administers contracts and small purchases
at Headquarters, Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati; and awards and manages
Headquarters grants and other financial assistance programs.
MS-67
-------
Personnel and Organization Services — This component provides personnel ser-
vices at Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park, as well as Agency-
wide management analysis, and occupational health and safety functions.
Facilities and Management Services — This component provides facilities man-
agement services to EPA operations in Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park, and
Headquarters.
Information Systems and Services — This component provides Agencywide ADP
systems management as well as library services at Headquarters, Cincinnati, and
Research Triangle Park.
Human Resources Management — This component provides Agencywide workforce
planning, career development, and executive management services to EPA employees.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,354,800 supported by 22.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $15,300 and no change in total workyears from
1985. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel related
costs. This level of funding will maintain current service levels for basic bud-
getary, administrative, analytical, and strategic planning needs of the Office
of Administration and Resources Management (OARM). In 1986, the Office will
continue to provide guidance and direction as well as program and administrative
support for OARM, direct and manage OARM's resources, and initiate strategies to
enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Agency.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$11,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,339;500 supported by 22.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are used for centralized strategic planning,
oversight of the Agency's administrative systems and services, review of organiza-
tional and consolidation issues, continued strengthening of EPA's financial,
budgetary, contractual, and ADP management as well as the continued exploration
of cost containment and other management effectiveness strategies within the Agency.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$7,500 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
MS-68
-------
-Pay Raise. (+$11,100) This program was increased by +$11,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,330,200 supported by 29.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office of Human Resources Management was established, a program for
improved ADP services was developed, and improved management oversight was under-
taken in the areas of finance, contracts and grants, cost reduction and contain-
ment, capital assets and facilities. Services and resource efficiencies were
also improved in the budgetary, analytical, administrative management and long-
range planning activities.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,882,800 supported by 130.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $22,400 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The increase in -Salaries and Expenses reflects increases in personnel related
expenses. This Office's priorities in 1986 include the following initiatives:
conduct internal management reviews of the EPA payroll; standardize the time and
attendance payroll system; develop and implement financial requirements for the
Asbestos Loan Program; bring the Financial Management System in full compliance
with General Accounting Office Standards; and further improve the Agency's cash
management system.
These resources will also provide the necessary workyears for a full range of
on-going financial and accounting services including but not limited to centralized
payroll services, payments for grants and interagency agreements, and other payments
and collections. These resources will also allow this program to provide financial
reports to meet Office of Management and Budget and Treasury imposed fund control
requirements; manage the Agency's Financial Management System; and develop and
refine Agency financial policies and procedures.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$5,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,860,400 supported by 130.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources a full array of financial services are provided
to EPA managers including payroll, accounting, debt collection, accounts payable,
and policy guidance. This program is managing the Agency's Financial Management
System.
MS-69
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$207,200 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$270,400) Several reprogrammings were made to this ac-
tivity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$270,400 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$63,200) This program was increased by +$63,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,478,500 supported by 128.5 total
workyears, of which $4,332,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $145,800 was from the Operations, Research, and Facilities appropriation.
With these resources, the Agency provided routine financial services, moved the
Payroll system in-house, implemented the Treasury Lockbox System which expedites
collection of money owed EPA from deposits made through commercial banks, designed
and automated allowance program for construction grants, automated various payroll
activities, and implemented the Treasury Financial Communication System (TFCS)
for letter of credit payments. In addition this office developed financial policy;
processed vouchers; updated appropriate policy manuals; and continued to ensure
adequate financial controls for.the Agency.
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,142,800 supported by 69.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $38,400 an increase of 1.1 total workyear from 1985.
The increase in workyears reflects expanded analytic and resource management sup-
port for the hazardous waste program. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses re-
flects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services. These re-
sources will provide the Office of the Comptroller with the capabilities to
perform all mandatory activities associated with OMB and Congressional budget
submissions for 1986 and 1987; provide budget analyses and reports to Agency pro-
gram offices through the Resource Planning and Budgeting System; maintain an alloca-
tion, control and review system for all workyear and financial resources; and
undertake a series of internal and externa-1 fiscal program reviews designed to
ensure the fiscal integrity of the Agency.
The Office will also focus on efforts in improving productivity in the areas
of office automation, administrative services and program issues. The Comptroller
will also continue to implement the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act;
implement OMB Circular A-76; and continue to conduct detailed resource analysis
and make resource determinations for an expanding Resource Conservation Recovery
Act (RCRA) Program.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$6,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-70
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,181,200 supported by 68.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. With these resources the Office of the Comptroller develops current and
outyear budget guidance to program and Regional offices; analyzes budget issues
and develops and implements Agency budget policy; administers and provides policy
guidance to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns which determine how the
Agency will meet its financial goals and objectives.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$171,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$138,100) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprograraning limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$138,100 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$33,200) This program was increased by +$33,200 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,954,500 supported by 65.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,678,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $276,400 was from the Operations, Research, and Facilities appro-
priation. With these resources, this program managed the development of the 1985
Operating Plans; provided budget and policy guidance to Program and Regional offices
for the 1986 budget request; performed oversight of audit resolution and follow-up;
implemented the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act; and conducted Management
Assistance Reviews in Regions III, V and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,002,700 supported by 222.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $63,400 and an increase of 2.8 total workyears from
1985. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions
to pay and administrative services. The increased workyears will allow the Agency
to award and administer additional hazardous waste contracts for 1986.
In the contracts area, the request will enable the Agency to process and
award new contracts and purchase orders, close out existing contracts, evaluate
contractor cost proposals, process contract terminations and claims, provide
technical review, policy compliance, and administrative oversight and management
to the three contracting and purchasing offices in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and
Research Triangle Park (RTP).
In the grants area, these funds will allow the Agency to develop and inter-
pret policy and procedural guidance for Agencywide assistance programs; award and
administer Headquarters grants, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements;
respond to requests for ad hoc assistance from Regions and Federal assistance
recipients; continue to modify, update, and simplify our grant regulations; in-
crease in-house audit and cost analyses; and continue efforts to debar and suspend
contractors who abuse the privileges of Federal assistance.
MS-71
-------
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$13,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
f-
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,066,100 supported by 219.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to perform a full range of grants
and contracts activities that include awarding and administering contracts, grants,
purchase orders and interagency agreements. This also includes negotiating in-
direct cost rates, processing terminations and claims; providing administrative
management over contracting offices at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTF; develop-
ing suspension and debarment cases under EPA assistance and procurement programs;
and addressing policy development, internal review and systems management issues
in both the contracts and grants areas.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$108,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$28,100) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agenty to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$28,100 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Reprogrammings. (+$30,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional 'reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$30,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$106,800) This program was increased by +$106,800 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the the Agency obligated a total of $8,684,600 supported by 218.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included implement-
ing the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FARs), instituting a new contract planning
system and automated procurement document system and continuing to simplify grants
procedures as well as debar and suspend contractors who abuse the privileges of
Federal assistance.
PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,354,200 supported by 179.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $170,200 an no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services.
MS-72
-------
This program will continue to perform ongoing functions including recruitment,
position management, classification, performance management, pay administration
personnel and payroll processing, labor-management relations and equal opportunity
employment. Also, efforts will focus on improving the quality of technical assist-
ance in all personnel management areas, providing operational support for the
Agency's human resources management initiatives, continuing to implement management
studies and organizational analyses and.managing the Agency's health and safety
programs. ' •
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$15,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,524,400 supported by 179.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide high quality and responsive personnel
services, improve the Performance Management System, continue Agencywide recruit-
ment efforts, inform all supervisors and managers on their responsibilities
under the American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) Master Agreement,
conduct additional management assistance reviews, and implement Agency health
and safety programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$58,600 results fr-em the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$28,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$28,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$87,500) This program was increased by +$87,500 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the. Agency obligated a total of $7,484,300 supported by 189.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources the Agency implemented an Agencywide recruitment
initiative, negotiated an AFGE Master Agreement, updated major personnel policies
and procedures, conducted several field office management reviews, and relocated
employees from a facility where asbestos contamination was found.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,684,800 supported by 195.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $141,400 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
MS-73
-------
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. This level of funding will maintain current facili-
ties management services in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTF) North Carolina,
and Cincinnati, Ohio. With these resources the Agency will administer the Agency's
Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and Building and Facilities budgets,
provide operational support and housekeeping services, and monitor and direct
contractor resources under support contracts.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases In the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$10,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,826,200 and supported by
195.9 total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These funds are being used to provide timely, high quality,
and cost effective facilities management services for EPA facilities in Washington,
RTP, and Cincinnati.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$63,700 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$31,600) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$31,600 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$95,300) This program was increased by +$95,300 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $6,318,100 supported by 194.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These resources allowed the Agency to provide responsive facilities
management services to EPA facilities in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati, to
begin developing an Agency master space plan, and to increase its reliance on
contractors for the performance of facilities management services.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,572,900 supported by 138.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $557,600 and 11.9 total workyears from 1985. This
increase reflects the transfer of the Water Quality Information System from the
Office of Water to the Office of Information Resources Management as part of the
Agency's consolidation of information systems functions, which is partially offset
by Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative services.
MS-74
-------
The requested resources will enable the Agency to maintain current, centrally
administered information systems and services in support of EPA programs and the
public. These services include the Agency's central and distributed computing and
data transmission network, its major administrative and programmatic data systems,
and library services. In addition, these resources will permit the Agency to
continue an effective program of information resources management including long
and short-range Automated Data Processing (ADP) planning, ADP security, records
management, software and 'data, standards, and internal controls on information
resources.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$12,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decrease to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,015,300 supported by.126.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. During 1985, particular emphasis is being placed on establishing more rigorous
software and data standards and improving the Agency's enforcement and hazardous
waste information systems. In addition, the Agency is updating its accounting
systems in response to the General Accounting Office (GAO) requirements and streng-
thening internal controls in the Agency payroll and accounts' receivable systems.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$41U200 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$20,400) This reprogramming reflects a shift of
resources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$20,400 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$61,600) This program was increased by +$61,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $6,127,800 supported by 139.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. During this period, EPA consolidated information management responsibilities
under one office, completed a long-range plan for managing EPA's ADP resources,
transferred the Agency's payroll operations from the Department of Interior to
EPA's National Computer Center and, in the process, eliminated a duplicate personnel
information management system. In addition, the Agency replaced several obsolete
mainframe computers with one modern, more cost-effective computer; completed a
pilot program to introduce and test the effectiveness of personal computers for
non-scientific personnel; and streamlined the Agency's central library services.
MS-75
-------
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,104,200 supported by 24.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents an decrease of $25,600 and no change in total workyears
from 1985. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reduc-
tions to pay and administrative services. This level of funding will allow the
Agency to continue its initiative to develop its workforce to meet future workload
needs and skill mix requirements. At this level of funding, the Office of Human
Resources Management (OHRM) will continue to design and implement a comprehensive
program to fccus on career and organizational development, workforce planning,
and senior executive management.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,129,800 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to build a total career develop-
ment system at EPA and provide workforce planning and management guidance to
help EPA anticipate its hiring and retraining needs. In addition, these resources
are used to perform personnel operations for Senior Executive Service (SES) members
and to develop a human resources information system.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$7,800 results from the following actions:
-RCRA Reprogramming. (-$3,900) This reprogramming reflects a shift of re-
sources within the Agency to fund the expanded needs required by the reauthorized
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This change resulted in a net decrease of
-$3,900 to the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
-Pay Raise. (+$11,700) This program was increased by +$11,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
OHRM was established midway through 1984 as a result of a study by the National
Academy of Public Administration. Minimal funding was provided by other admin-
istration offices. During 1984, the office evaluated the Agency's workforce plan-
ning and career development programs, developed strategies for making long term
improvements in the Agency's workforce, and completed a number of Senior Executive
Service actions.
MS-76
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management MS-78
Resource Management - Regions MS-81
Financial Management - Regions MS-82
Personnel Management - Regions MS-83
Administrative Management - Regions MS-84
Regional Management MS-85
Regional Counsel MS-85
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions MS-86
MS-77
-------
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,598,900 supported by 741.4 total workyears
for 1986, a decrease of $529,900 and increase of 2.0 total workyears, from 1985.
All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This program contains the following program elements:
Resource Management - Regions -- This component provides resources to develop
Regional budgets and operating plans, participate in the workload analysis process,
manage current year resources, and enhance resource management and control in the
Regions.
Financial Management - Regions -- This component provides financial accounting
and reporting services for the Regional offices.
Personnel Management - Regions -- This component provides basic personnel ser-
vices, including staffing, classification, and training to the Regional offices.
Administrative Management - Regions -- This component includes mini-computer
systems management, library support,safety, security, printing and copying, facili-
ties management, small purchases, and other administrative functions.
Regional Management -- This component includes the Regional Administrators
and their immediate staffs, as well as the basic staff functions of Civil Rights.
Regional Counsel -- This component includes the Offices of Regional Counsel
which assist theRegional Administrators in ensuring that their decisions are
legally defensible and consistent with national legal interpretations. They
represent the Regional office in defensive litigation activities; review Regional
rulemakinqs; assist States in obtaining delegation of programs; and support the
Regional enforcement litigation program.
Planning, Evaluation, and Analysis - Regions -- This component includes
resources thatprovide analytical support to the Regional Administrators to assure
the efficient and effective operation of EPA Regions. Activities include planning,
accountability reporting, program evaluation, economic analysis, management, and
Regional participation in EPA's regulatory process.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,481,600 supported by 42.5 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $31 ,700 and no change in total workyears from 1985. The decrease in
Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay and administrative
services. This level of funding will maintain current service levels for regional
resource management and control activities including budget and operating plan
development and workload analysis.
MS-81
-------
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-SI,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of 51,513,300 supported by 42.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting and resource analysis
functions in the ten Regional offices.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$20,700 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$20,700) This program was increased by +520,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $1,265,200 supported by 37.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to effectively and efficient-
ly manage their resources and operating plan processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1986_Pro9ram Request
The Agency .requests a total of $2,724,800 supported by 92.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $51,000 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. This level of funding will allow Regional Finance
Offices (RFOs) to provide basic financial services and maintain ongoing financial
management functions. RFOs will continue to provide accounting, payment processing,
and billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts, purchase
orders, and all other financial transactions, as well as payroll support and general
ledger activities.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$1,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of 52,775,800 supoorted by 92.6 total
MS-82
-------
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expense appropria-
tion. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with accounting,
payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services, and comprehensive
financial management.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$45,000 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$45,000) This program was increased by +$45,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,525,700 supported by 90.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources, the Regional Finance Offices provided a full
range of financial management services.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,124,100 supported by 95.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $73,100 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. These resources will allow Regional Personnel Offices
to meet basic regulatory requirements and maintain current service levels. These
services include processing recruitment and classification actions, entering data
and updates to the Agency's payroll system, providing advisory services and reorga-
nization reviews, administering the grievance system, negotiating with unions,
and managing the Merit Pay and Performance Management Systems.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$4,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1935 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,197,200 supported by 95.9
total workyears to this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to process recruitment, staffing,
and classification actions, perform oosition management and pay administration,
process personnel and payroll transactions, administer grievance system and dis-
ciplinary action procedures, provide employment development and training, consult
and negotiate with local unions, conduct special studies, and advise Regional
managers on the above functions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$46,600 results from the following action:
MS-83
-------
-Pay Raise. (+$46,600) This program was increased by +$46,600 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,945,900 supported by 96.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources, the Regional Personnel Offices provided ongoing
personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions' programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1986 Program
The Agency requests a total of $5,330,900 supported by 170.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $129,100 and no change in total workyears from 1985.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. These resources will allow the Regions to maintain
current-levels of administrative management services that include maintaining
administrative information systems and minicomputer operations, ensuring effective
ADP operational support for Regional programs, managing word processing equipment
and ADP systems acquisition, maintaining Regional library operations, coordinating
Regional records management, directing contracting and purchasing activities,
ensuring the safety and security of Regional personnel, managing property and
supplies, providing general office services and providing program management for
al1 support services.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$2,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,460,000 supported by 170.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with admin-
istrative management activities in the areas of information management, small
purchases and procurements, health and safety, and facilities support.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$83,100 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$83,100) This program was increased by +$83,100 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,199,100 supported by 176.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
MS-84
-------
priation. With these resources, the Regions provided a full complement of admin-
istrative management services.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,762,500 supported by 198.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $207,100 and no change in total workyears.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects Government-wide reductions to pay
and administrative services. The budget 'request will enable the program to con-
tinue to respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public; estab-
lish regular communications with public interest, environmental, and business
groups; and maintain Equal Employment Opportunity and Freedom of Information
programs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction
of -567,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all
of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,969,600 supported by 198.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
aporooriation. Basic press services and media relations activities are being
maintained as well as policy guidance'and executive direction for the Re.gion as a
whole. The program wil 1'continue the processing of Freedom of Information requests,
issuing critical news releases, maintaining a regional Equal Employment Opportunity
program, responding to Congressional inquiries, and coordinating EPA involvement
in major State environmental issues.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +96,400 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$96,400) This program was increased by +$96,400 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $8,745,900 supported by 204.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
program provided support for the Regional Administrators and their immediate staffs,
as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs, Congressional and
intergovernmental activities, and the equal employment opportunity function.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1Q86 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,620,600 supported by 80.2 total workyears,
MS-85
-------
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $14,300 and 2.0 total workyears. The increase provides additional
support to the implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to handle all defensive litiga-
tion involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and counsel
to Regional programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; assist States by review-
ing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate
legal authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs through
resolution of grant appeals, hid protests, and debament and suspension actions.
Special emphasis will be placed on providing legal support to ihe reauthorized
RCRA.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$4,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,606,300 supported by 78.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel handle all defensive litiga-
tion involving principally Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel
to Regional programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; and assist States by
reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities. Additionally, the Regional Counsels continue to
support Agency contract and assistance programs through resolution of grant
appeals, bid protests, and debament and suspension actions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$38,000 results from the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$38,000) This program was increased by +$38,000 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,166,300 supported by 76.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. In 1984, the Regional Counsels supported Agency priorities by providing
legal advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency in all
litigation filed against it. They also advised on actions such as grants, con-
tracts, and personnel actions. Additionally, Regional Counsel activities included
advising State agencies on the legal requirements for assuming environmental
protection programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language, and
helping negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING, EVALUATION, AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
The Aqency requests a total of $2,554,400 supported by 61.1 total workyears
MS-86
-------
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $52,200 and no change in workyears. This decrease
reflects Government-wide reductions in pay and administrative services. This
request will provide the Regional Administrators with the resources necessary to
carry out essential Regional planning, evaluation, and analysis activities. The
Regions will continue to focus on managing for environmental results, refining
accountability and other management systems, analyzing weaknesses in the Agency's
monitoring programs, improving monitoring data, developing monitoring strategies,'
shifting oroqrams from an implementation to an oversight role, and regulatory
reform.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle, print-
ing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$5,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,606,600 supported by 61.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. These resources allow the Regions to execute essential Regional planning,
program evaluation, and analytic activities. The Regions are concentrating on
managing for environmental results, improving the annual planning process and
utilizing environmental objectives in the planning process, refining accountability
systems, analyzing weaknesses in the Agency's monitoring programs, improving
monitoring data, developing monitoring strategies, implementing the Delegation and
Oversight Policy for State Programs, and regulatory reform.
1985_Exp1anation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +29,700 results fron the following action:
-Pay Raise. (+$29,700) This program was increased by +$29,700 reflecting
the amount requested for the pay raise supplemental.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,507,600 supported by 61.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, to conduct the planning, evaluation, and analysis functions in the ten
Regional Offices. The Regions placed special emphasis on accountability systems,
process streamlining, regulatory reform, and managing for environmental results.
Specific examples included: linking accountability systems with performance stan-
dards, beqinninq to develop technical management tracking systems for the States
that correspond with information in the Agency's Strategic Planning and Management
System, tracking of Regional and State activities, studying the financing of
State match for Superfund projects, and participating in the development of EPA
oversight policy.
MS-87
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paae
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs MS-89
Professional Traini ng MS-91
Nationwide Support Se.rvices MS-92
Headquarters Support Services MS-93
Regional Support Services MS-93
ADP Support Costs MS-94
Lab Support - Research & Development MS-95
Lab Support - Air- & Radiation MS-95
Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-96_
MS-88
-------
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $139 ,924,400 for 1986, an increase of $2,023,200
from 1985. All of this request is for the Salaries arid Expenses appropriation.
This increase will cover the support needs of the expanding Resource Conservation
Recovery Act (RCRA) program as well as rising telephone, and utility costs.
Program Description
The Agency Support Service components provide funds for general support to all
Agency programs except Superfund. Programs under support services are:
Professional Training -- This
executive, supervisory, secretarial
Nationwide Support Services --
component provides Agencywide training to
clerical, scientific and technical employees.
for tnefol1 owing
merits to the U.S.
wide security services
payments to the Public
commissioned officers
ments which support EPA's
and payroll systems.
This component provides Agencywide services
support functions: facilities rental and associated costs; pay-
Postal Service; Federal Telecommunications Service (FTS); nation-
; reimbursements to the Federal Employees' Compensation Fund;
Health Service for personnel and administrative services for
assigned to EPA; and contracts and Intergovernmental Agree-
occupational health and safety program, and the finance
Headquarters Support Services -- This program provides office, building, and
information management services to Headquarters and the research center at Research
Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Regional Support Services -- This component provides office, building, and
information management services for Regional offices.
Automated Data Processing Support Costs -- This component
and related data processing services to all Agency programs.
provides computing
Lab Support - Research and Development -- This component provides support ser-
vices to the Office of Research and Development's seven remote laboratories (those
located outside Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park). These costs are not
covered by the Headquarters Support account, which funds similar items in Head-
quarters, Cincinnati , and RTP.
Lab Support - Air and Radiation -- This component provides support services
to theMotorVehicleEmissionsLaboratory, the Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility, and the Las Vegas facility.
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances -- This component provides sup-
port Services to laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of 5497,400 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. There is no change from 1985.
This request will maintain current training and development programs mandated by
statute and the Office of Personnel Management (0PM). Additionally, other train-
ing programs will be provided to enhance the Agency's scientific and technical
expertise, management effectiveness, and clerical support.
MS-91
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $497,400 for this program, all
of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being
used to strengthen and expand the knowledge, skills, and abilities of EPA employees
in Headquarters, Laboratories and Regional offices.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $480,300 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds were utilized
to provide training in the areas of supervisory management, executive development,
clerical skills, and technical and scientific training.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Age-ncy requests a total of $54,996,600 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $1,500,000 from 1985. These funds will pay for Agencywide support costs in-
cluding space rental, postage, national security, Federal Telecommunication System
(FTS), Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) typesetting, unemployment compensation,
workmen's compensation, health and safety studies, personnel support for Public
Health Service (PHS) commissioned officers, and award program supplies. Addi-
tionally, these resources will provide increased nationwide services to the ex-
panding Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program, as well as cover
proposed postal rate increases.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $53,496,600 for this program,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used by the Agency to provide efficient nationwide services to the Agency
workforce.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$75,000 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$75,000) Several reprogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$75,000 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $42,730,400 for this program, of
which $42,603,200 was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, $9,200 was
for the Operations, Research, and- Facilities appropriation, $51,800 was for
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and $66,200 was for the
Research and Development appropriation. These resources allowed the Agency to
launch several Nationwide Support efforts in the areas of space planning, tele-
communications, and personal property management.
MS-92
-------
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,585,600 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $1,013,000 from 1985. These resources will provide ongoing Headquarters Sup-
port services including motor pool, printing and copying, telephones, utilities,
facilities operations and maintenance, and ADP technical support to EPA operations
in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTP), and Cincinnati. Additionally, these
funds will provide increased services for the expanding Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) program, as well as cover anticipated telephone and utility
rate increases.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting' services. The reduction of
-$27,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decrease to all of
the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $31,572,600 for this program,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used to provide ongoing office, building, and information management services
to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Amendment
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $27,920,100 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided
basic Headquarters Support services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and
Cincinnati.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,508,400 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $40t),000 from 1985. These funds will provide the ten Regional offices with
basic support services including printing and copying, minicomputer operations,
utilities, mail, telephones, library operations, general training, office and
laboratory facility maintenance. Additionally, these resources will provide, in-
creased support services to the expanding Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) program, as well as cover anticipated telephone and utility rate increases.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual, and consulting services. The reduction of
-$110,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to all of
the above categories.
MS-93
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,108,400 for this program,
all of which is for the Salaries' and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used to provide effective and efficient office, building, and information
management services to the Regions,
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change in the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $18,512,900 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided on-
going support services in the Regions.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,700,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change
from 1985. This request will provide current computing services in support of
all Agency programs, exclusive of Superfund. These funds will be used to acquire,
maintain and operate computing hardware and systems software at the Agency's
National Computer Center; provide central management and technical support of
the Agency's distributed computing resources; and operate a telecommunications
network linking these central and distributed computing systems.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,700,000 for this program,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency is contin-
uing the modernization of its mainframe computing systems and install more efficient
telecommunications services to the EPA regions and major laboratory centers.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change in the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $19,781,300 for this program, all of
which was for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. EPA began a program to
modernize its obsolete mainframe computers and introduced central data base manage-
ment services at the National Computer Center to facilitate the integration of
Agency data bases and began processing the Agency's payroll system previously done
on Department of Interior computers. The modernization of computing resources in-
cluded acquisition of a new mainframe computer with expanded capacity and the in-
stallation of more efficient systems software and data storage technology.
•MS-94
-------
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,631,800 for this program, all of which is for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents a decrease of $889,800,
reflecting Governement-wide reductions to administrative services. The funds will
provide for essential services required to operate and maintain ORD's seven remote
laboratories located in Athens, Georgia; Ada, Oklahoma; Corvallis, Oregon; Duluth",
Minnesota; Narragansett, Rhode Island; Gulf Breeze, Florida; and Las Vegas, Nevada.
The services will include, but will not be limited to, facilities operation and
maintenance, janitoral and guard services, local telephone services, utilities,
and equipment operations, maintenance, and rental costs.
1985 Rescission
This reduction reflects the Agency's response to the Deficit Reduction Act
which requires decreases in the following categories: travel, motor vehicle,
printing, publication and audio-visual., and consulting services. The reduction
of -$11,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation represents decreases to
all of the above categories.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,521,600 for this program,
all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This program is pro-
viding funds for the operations and maintenance of ORD's remote laboratories.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$13,800 results from the following actions: •
-Reprogrammings. (-$13,800) Several reprogrammings were made to this activity
which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$13,800 to the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,826,500 for this program, all of
which was under the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This provided funding for
the operations and maintenance of ORD's remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,753,200 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change from
1985. This program supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor,
Michigan; the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility in Montgomery, Alabama; and
the Las Vegas radiation laboratory in Nevada. These funds provide for the basic
facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to support these laboratories.
Support provided consists of security, janitorial and maintenance services, utili-
ties, GSA vehicles, supplies and materials, and communications.
MS-95
-------
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,753,200 for this program, all
of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1985 program is
providing the same types of activities described for 1986: basic laboratory opera-
tions, maintenance and supplies. These activities are required on a continuing
basis to support the three laboratories.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total $2,092,300 for this program, all of
which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided the
basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the three
laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $251,400, all of which is for the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and represents no change from 1985. These funds will be
used for basic facilities and operations and maintenance costs for the laborato-
ries in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include
utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodial services and building
maintenance.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $251,400 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. The 1985 program supports the facilities, operations, and
maintenance costs of the Office of pesticides and Toxics Substance's laboratories.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $151,300 all of which was for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The funds were used to obtain the continued
requirements for general support and maintenance.
MS-96
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS & FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings & Facilities BF-2
New Facilities BF-5
Repairs & Improvements BF-6
BF-1
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. The Agency currently has ten
Regional offices, three large research and development laboratories, several field
stations with laboratory facilities and a large headquarters complex.
This program provides a safe and healthful work environment for EPA employees
by providing for maintenance, repair or replacement of our facilities. Major ef-
forts are directed towards implementing intermediate and long-range plans which
assess alternative housing options for EPA operations, as well as continuing a repair
program that protects the investment in EPA's real property holdings. Resources
are also used to upgrade and modify current facilities to more adequately and
efficently address expanding Agency programs. Particular emphasis will continue
to be placed on modifying current facilities in order to respond to the growth in
the hazardous waste program.
BF-3
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests $5,000,000 from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation,
a decrease of $7,000,000 from 1985.
The Agency is currently upgrading its facilities by improving the heating and
ventilating systems, enlarging hazardous waste containment areas, improving fire
detection systems, providing interior and exterior facility repairs, upgrading
electrical systems, performing engineering and planning studies, and making emer-
gency repairs. In addition, the Agency is implementing its plans for the design
and construction of a new radiation facility in Montgomery, Alabama.
Program Description
This program funds the design and construction of new EPA facilities, as well
as necessary repairs and improvements to buildings already occupied by EPA. This
program contains the following two elements:
New Facilities— This includes engineering and design services and building
costs for the construction of new Federally owned facilities to be occupied by
EPA and existing Federally owned and EPA occupied facilities.
Repairs & Improvements — This covers major repairs and capital improvements to
any buildings or facilities occupied by EPA. Most of the projects relate to the
correction of health and safety deficiencies, the prevention of serious deterio-
ration, and the modification of current facilities to meet program requirements.
NEW FACILITIES
1986' Program Request
The Agency has not requested any funds for this activity in 1986.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,947,500 for this program, all
of which is for the Building and Facilities appropriation. Of this amount
$6,900,000 is for the design and construction of a new radiation facility in
Montgomery, Alabama. Early in 1985 an architectural and engineering firm received
EPA's program requirements for the design of the new laboratory with actual con-
struction of the facility scheduled to begin in late 1985. The remaining $47,500
is needed to complete the construction of a hazardous waste materials storage
building in Denver, Colorado.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The increase of +$47,500 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (+$47,500) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in an increase of +$47,500 to the Buildings and Facilities appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $305,900 for this program, all of
which was for the Building and Facilities appropriation, to construct a wildlife
toxicology facility for the Environmental Research Lab (ERL) at Corvallis, Oregon,
and built a hazardous materials storage facility in Denver, Colorado.
BF-5
-------
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests $5,000,000 for this program, all of which will be for
the Building and Facilities appropriation and a decrease of $52,500. These
funds will provide planning, engineering design, and construction related to the
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. More specifically, these
funds will be used to address critical repairs related to employee health and
safety, required alterations and maintenance, energy conservation efforts, and
hazardous materials storage construction.
In conformance with requested appropriation language for Salaries and Ex-
penses, this request contains funding for all repairs and improvement projects
over $25,000.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,052,500 for this program, all
of which is for the Building and Facilities appropriation. These resources are
being used to upgrade heating and ventilating systems, enlarge hazardous waste
containment areas, improve fire detection systems, provide interior and exterior
facility repairs, move walls, upgrade electrical systems, perform engineering and
planning studies, and make emergency repairs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$47,500 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (-$47,500) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$47,500 to the Building and Facilities appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,678,800 for this program, all of
which was for the Building and Facilities appropriation. These resources were
used to complete various health and safety improvements to protect EPA employees
and provide routine and emergency repairs at multiple sites throughout the nation.
BF-6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS • CG-1
Construction Grants CG-3
CG-1
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The long-range goal of the construction grants program is to reduce the dis-
charge of municipal wastewater pollutants to improve water quality and protect
public health. To meet this goal, the program provides grants to municipal and
intermunicipal agencies to assist in financing the construction of cost-effec-
tive and environmentally sound municipal wastewater treatment facilities to comply
with requirements of the Clean Water Act. In addition, the program provides funds
to help States manage the Construction Grants program and carry out water quality
management planning programs. To meet those long-range goals, FPA works with
the States to direct funds to projects with the greatest water quality and public
health impact; minimize expenditures for wastewater treatment construction, opera-
tion, and maintenance; prevent waste, fraud, and mismanagement; ensure timely
construction; eliminate remaining project completion and closeout backlogs; and
ensure effective results-oriented program management by States.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500)
created the basis of today's Federal program. From 1973 through 1Q84, Congress
authorized approximately $42 billion and appropriated approximately $40 billion.
Approximately $40 billion has been obligated and $30 billion outlayed under P.L.
92-500. As of the end of FY 1984, approximately 7,450 Step 1 (planning), Step 2
(design), Step 3 (construction), and Step 2+3 (design and construction for grants
under SB million) remained active. EPA no longer awards specific grants for plan-
ning and design. Instead, grantees receive an allowance for these costs when the
construction grant is awarded. During these years the program has had two major
adjustments. Amendments in 1977 provided for delegation of the program to the
States, provided financial relief for small communities, encouraged innovative and
alternative technologies, and extended the secondary treatment compliance deadline.
Amendments in 1981 recognized that national economic realities and dictated that
Federal dollars were to be targeted toward the most urgent treatment needs with
greatest water qua!ity impact. These Amendments also limited Federal eligibilities,
provided for ensuring that treatment plants operate to meet design specifications,
established State water quality management planning activities, and again extended
the secondary treatment compliance deadline.
The construction grants program was essentially fully delegated at the end of
1984. EPA continues to maintain Federal responsibilities to ensure effective use
of Federal funds; ensure program integrity in meeting statutory requirements;
provide technical assistance and training; monitor projects with overriding Federal
interest; define with States annual program objectives and priorities; and oversee
annual program accomplishments.
In 1984, EPA initiated a study on the future Federal, State and local funding
roles and alternative funding mechanisms for municipal wastewater treatment. A
broad range of participants was involved in the process to determine how to achieve
long-term State and local compliance and self-sufficiency while limiting future
Federal funding. Rased on this study as well as other considerations, during 1985
EPA will propose legislative amendments addressing issues of the Federal role under
a transitional program including Federal policy, management, oversight, and assis-
tance to State programs.
These legislative amendments will also propose that, beginning in 1986, fund-
ing be limited to ongoing projects that have previously received Federal funds.
Other issues addressed in the legislation will include the Federal role in terms
of State oversight, management, and assistance as Federal funding is phased out
over the next several years.
CG-3
-------
CONSTRUCTION PRANTS
Budget Request
The Agency requests an appropriation 'of $2,400,000,000 for 1986 for the
municipal construction grants program established under Title II of the Clean Water
Act (CUA), as amended. This represents a level program from 1985.
.Program Description
This program provides grants to municipal and intermunicipal agencies to
assist in financing the construction of cost-effective and environmentally sound
municipal wastewater treatment facilities; to assist delegated States in carrying
out their responsibilities to manage the Construction Grants program; and to assist
States in carrying out water quality management planning programs. The program
also provides special funding from prior year appropriations to address marine
combined sewer overflow (CSO) problems* Resources associated with the management
of Construction Grants are described in the Municipal Source Control subactivity.
From its annual construction grants allotment, a State may reserve up to four
percent of its authorization or $400,000, whichever is greater, primarily to manage
its delegated activities and may reserve up to one percent of its allotment or
$100,000 for water quality management planning. The Act also requires that each
State set aside between four and seven and one half percent of its allotment to
provide incentives to communities to use innovative and alternative technologies
in constructing their wastewater treatment facilities, and that States having
substantial rural populations set aside four percent of their funds for alternative
projects in small commmunities. All grants for assisting in the development and
construction of wastewater treatment facilities are to be awarded on the basis of a
State's priority system, which is designed to ensure that funds are awarded to
projects with the greatest potential for improving water quality.
The 1981 Amendments to the Clean Water Act increased non-Federal responsi-
bility for financing construction, from 25 percent to 45 percent for awards made
beginning in 1985, while maintaining the share for phased or segmented projects at
25 percent. Grantees must demonstrate prior to award that the most economical
alternative has been selected, including construction, operation, maintenance, and
replacement costs. Value engineering review becane mandatory for projects above
$10 million. Additionally, engineering firms must oversee a project's first year
of operation to help ensure that it meets design and permit specifications. The
Amendments also eliminated facility planning and design grants and provided
instead for allowances for planning and design costs and for advances of funds to
enable small communities to plan and design projects. Other provisions designed
to make the program more cost effective included eliminating funding to construct
reserve capacity, limiting project eligibilities beginning in 1985, providing for
State discretion on certain funding eligibilities, reducing the Federal cost shar-
ing percentage on new projects beginning in 1985 to 55 percent, while maintaining
the share for existing phased or segmented projects at 75 percent, expanding the
secondary treatment definition, and extending for one year the period for coastal
cities to seek secondary treatment waivers. As a result of these Amendments, the
Federal funding potential under the current program is $34.4 billion as reported
in the 1984 Meeds Survey published by EPA.
The goal of the State management assistance grant program under Section 205{g)
is to encourage States to assume responsibility for management of construction
grants and other priority programs, leading to full delegation of the program. EPA
is working with all States to continue ensuring optimum delegation and effective
State oversight. EPA anticipates that all States and Puerto Rico will hav.e signed
delegation agreements Hy the end of 1985 with 39 of the States fully delegated by
that time.
CG-4
-------
The goal of the water quality management planning grant program under Section
205(j) is to support priorities for determining the nature and extent of water
quality problems; identifying cost-effective means to meet and maintain water
quality standards, including nonpoint source control programs; and identifying
municipal wastewater treatment construction needs. States are required to consult
with local-, regional and interstate agencies in developing work plans for using
these funds.
In accordance with Congressional directives, the Administrator is reviewing
all proposed advanced treatment (AT) projects where the incremental cost of the
advanced component is greater than $3,000,000. The Regional Offices are respon-
sible for a similar review of projects with an incremental cost of less than
$3,000,000.
1986 Program Request
In 1986, the Agency requests an appropriation of $2,400,000,000. The Agency
estimates that outlays will be approximately $2,650,000,000 for 1986. Consistent
with the need to honor previous funding commitments, the Administration will sub-
mit legislation limiting funding, beginning in 1986, to ongoing projects that
already received Federal funding.
The Administration's legislative proposal will also include revisions to
Sections 205(g) and 205(j). Under the current authorization, States will obligate
approximately $93,400,000 in Section 205(g) funds primarily for management of
delegated programs and approximately $24,400,000 in Section 205(j) funds in support
of water quality management priorities.
1985 Program
In 1985, EPA is allocating a total of $2,400,000,000 for construction grants.
This funding level will provide for a total of 650 grant awards and $2,400,000,000
in net obligations. The Agency estimates outlays of approximately $2,740,000,000.
A total of 773 projects are expected to complete construction with 4,952 active
projects at year end.
With this appropriation, States are expected to obligate $100,449,000 under
Section 205(g) primarily for management of delegated programs and approximately
$24,400,000 under Section 205(j) in support of water quality management priorities
including review and revision of water quality standards; development of needed
nonpoint source control and ground-water management programs; and review of pro-
posed permits and construction grants for consistency with approved water quality
management plans.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, net construction grants obligations totaled $3,031,880,116 and sup-
ported 726 Step 3 and 2+3 grants. This funding resulted in 6,027 active projects.
During the year, 901 projects completed construction. Federal outlays totaled
$2,622,960,218.
These funds also supported construction grants management activities in 50
delegated States with 205(g) obligations of $83,042,078; 205(j) water quality
management planning activities with obligations of $22,955,793; and obligations
of $31,502,800 for 9 Marine Combined Sewer Overflow projects.
CG-5
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND SF-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances Research SF-9
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-19
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement &
Compl i ance Monitoring SF-21
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement SF-23
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-24
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
' Management & Support SF-28
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters SF-35
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions SF-36
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters SF-36
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions SF-37
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters SF-38'
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-38
Hazardous Substance Computer Services SF-39
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters. SF-39
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-40
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General SF-41
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning K Evaluation SF-41
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller SF-42
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research & Development-Lab Support. SF-43
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response - EPA SF-45
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-47
Assessing & Replacing Natural Resources SF-50
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency SF-51
Department of Health & Human Services SF-54
United States Coast Guard SF-55
Department of Justice SF-55
Federal Emergency Management Agency SF-56
Federal Emergency Management Agency - Relocation SF-57
National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration SF-57
Department of Interior SF-58
Occupational Safety 8 Health Administration SF-58
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory SF-60
SF-1
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SF-2
-------
SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980"(CERCLA) charges the EPA with the responsibility for providing emergency
response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the cleanup of
inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. In 1986, the major emphasis of the Super-
fund program will be to stabilize imminent threats at hazardous waste sites and to
implement the necessary long-term remedial response actions. The Hazardous Sub-
stance Response Trust Fund, commonly known as "Superfund", finances the required
activities to implement CERCLA primarily through excise taxes levied on oil and
chemical manufacturers. The current authority to collect taxes expires on or
before September 30, 1985. This request assumes the reauthorization of CERCLA
taxing authority at a level which supports this program request.
The 1986 budget request represents a major investment in addressing the se-
rious environmental and human health problems caused by hazardous substance releas-
es and inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. The budget provides $900 million
supported by 1,716 workyears to accelerate Superfund cleanup activities. This
represents an increase of $280 million (+45%) and 359.0 workyears (+26%) over 1985.
As authorized under CERCLA, EPA will respond to releases of hazardous
substances, pollutants, and contaminants by either a removal or remedial action
or by compelling responsible parties to undertake the response action. Removal
actions are generally short-term responses taken to abate an immediate threat
posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances at sites or spills into
the air, land, or water. Remedial actions involve long-term and more permanent
remedies taken instead of, or in- addition to, removal actions. The program will
continue to select sites for remedial action from the National Priorities List
(NPL) and to undertake all response in accordance with the National Contingency
Plan.
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the pro-
gram, CERCLA and Executive Order 12316 provide a clear mandate for the Agency
to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and the States to
carry out the Act. The Agency undertakes five major activities in implementing
the Superfund program: Hazardous Substance Response, Enforcement, Research and
Development, Management and Support, and Interagency Support. The effective
integration of these activities involves close cooperation among various Agency
offices, the States, and other Federal agencies with specific program responsi-
bilities.
Resources For Response Actions Increase Dramatically In 1986
. The 1986 request increases funding for response activities by $249.7 million.
This increase represents a major movement toward reaching an optimum program level
that balances timely and effective site cleanup with technical and management con-
straints. These resources will allow EPA to begin 89 engineering designs, the
most in any one year to date. The additional resources will also allow the Agency
to greatly expand the critical final phase in the cleanup process, the remedial
construction, to 56 new sites. This represents a 124 percent increase over the
planned level of constructions in 1985.
In 1986, Hazardous Substance Response activities will focus on the containment
of the most serious hazardous waste emergencies and the implemention of remedial
responses at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites posing the greatest threat to
public health and the environment. The Agency will continue its systematic evalua-
tion of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites to determine which sites pose a signifi-
cant threat to public health or the environment. As required by CERCLA, the National
Priorities List (NPL) will be updated to provide a basis for determining priorities
for response and enforcement efforts.
SF-3
-------
By the end of 1986, the Agency expects to have initiated Federally-financed
site-specific planning efforts at approximately 535 sites for eventual remedial
actions by either responsible parties or the Fund, and begun the design or implemen-
tation of Fund-financed solutions at approximately 187 sites. In addition, as a
result of Fund-financed planning efforts, responsible parties are expected to have
started the design or implementation of remedial actions at approximately 90 sites
by the end of 1986.
The Agency will continue to work closely with the States in selecting and
implementing solutions at hazardous waste sites. States will be encouraged to
accept management of all response actions. For those sites where a State does not
accept the lead, the Agency will contract for the necessary expertise to conduct
the assessment and selection of alternatives, and the Army Corps of Engineers
will manage design and construction contracts to implement the selected remedy.
The Agency will continue to ensure an effective emergency response program
for major hazardous substance spills and for emergency releases at hazardous
waste sites. Approximately 6,000 hazardous substance spills and site emergencies
•are reported to the Agency each year. The Federal government becomes involved only
in those situations where the responsible party is either unknown or incapable of
properly handling the response' and the State and local governments are unable to
provide adequate response. The Agency works closely with the United States Coast
Guard and other members of the National and Regional Response Teams, as well as
the States, to provide timely and effective response in those situations.
Enforcement Actions Will Continue To Focus On Achieving Maximum Site Cleanup And
Recovery Of Funds
The 1986 request provides for an increase of 180.7 total workyears to support
expanded enforcement activities. The goals of the enforcement program are to secure
privately-financed response actions through negotiated settlements or administra-
tive and legal actions, and to recover Trust Fund money spent on Federal remedial
and removal actions. Those responsible for uncontrolled hazardous waste sites or
spills will be given an early opportunity to reach a settlement and to voluntarily
assume the cost of responding. In most cases, negotiations will be based on an
assessment of site conditions and alternative solutions identified by the Agency.
This will enable the Agency to target its enforcement efforts at those sites where
there is a high probability of success. The Agency will also initiate administra-
tive and legal actions against those parties who fail to negotiate in good faith,
and will focus on the development of legally and technically sound cases. If both
negotiations and legal actions fail, the Agency will proceed to design and imple-
ment the selected alternative, and then seek cost recovery following completion
of the remedy. Where there is little or no chance to have the responsible party
assume the cost of reponse, the Agency will initiate efforts to characterize the
site, identify and analyze feasible solutions, and design and implement the most
cost-effective remedy. In those cases where a Fund-financed response action is
undertaken, the Agency will seek to recover response costs.
Research And Development Will Continue To Support Field Response Actions
The Research and Development program supports the Agency, States, and industry
in resolving those technical problems which inhibit the effective implementation
of removal and remedial actions. Support focuses on adapting existing technologies
and scientific information for application to uncontrolled hazardous waste site
situations. For example, current technologies used in the construction industry
and spill cleanup may be applicable to uncontrolled waste sites. However, before
these technologies can be applied, they must first be tested, their cost-effective-
ness determined, and their limitations understood. In addition, field response
personnel must be in a position to identify rapidly and to measure accurately the
hazardous waste with which they are confronted, and to determine quickly the risk
involved to the surrounding population and ecosystem.
SF-4
-------
Superfund research and development activities are systematically designed to
provide the following in support of the Agency's programs: methods for sampling
and analyzing hazardous waste materials needed for quality assurance protocols;
techniques for field response personnel to use in evaluating potential sites; and
engineering and other technical guidance to Federal, State, and local officials
for immediate response at uncontrolled hazardous waste site cleanup operations.
Management And Support.Will Continue To Provide Agency Services To The Superfund
Program
Management and Support activities for the Superfund program provide the full
array of financial, administrative, and support services needed to run the program
in an efficient manner. The major activities conducted to supply basic Agency
management and support are provision of administrative services, financial manage-
ment, computer services, policy analysis, and the services of the Offices of the
Inspector General and General Counsel .
EPA Will Continue To Use The Expertise Of Other Federal Agencies
In addition to requiring integration of the efforts of the various Agency
offices with program responsibilities, the Superfund program requires close co-
operation among various Federal agencies. Executive Order 12316, signed by the
President in August 1981, requires that the Agency assume overall responsibility
for the management of the program. In addition, several other agencies including
the Departments of Justice, Health and Human Services, Transportation, Commerce,
Labor, Interior, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency are assigned responsi-
bilities under CERCLA and the Executive Order. To ensure a coordinated Federal
program, the Agency has emphasized the development of an integrated approach in
undertaking site response actions. Ongoing activities of other Federal agencies
are determined jointly under the interagency budget process established in the
Executive Order and are generally funded through transfer allocation accounts.
Additional activities at specific sites undertaken by other Federal agencies may
be triggered at the request of EPA's on-scene personnel and are, with the exception
of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, funded through reimbursable agreements.
This dual system ensures that agencies have sufficient funds to conduct ongoing
activities while providing EPA with the ability to manage and coordinate Federal
actions at specific sites.
SF-5
-------
SUPERFUND
Budget Current Increase ( + )
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimated Decrease (-)
Program Activities
Incremental Outputs
Response Activities
Removal Actions
Remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments .. 3
Site Assessments 1
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibil ity Studies:
Fund Lead
Enforcement Lead
Responsible Party..
Designs
Remedial Actions
Enforcement Actions
Settlements:
Remedi al s
Removals &RI/FS
Inspections
•Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders
Civil Litigation:
CERCLA Section 106
Imminent Hazard
CERCLA Section 107 Cost
Recovery
Criminal Litigation
Technical Support for Ongoing
Docket/Filed Cases:
CERCLA Section 106
Imminent Hazard
CERCLA Section 107 Cost
Recovery
*Figures are not included in 1
Committee on Appropriations
1984
?04
,968
j^ll
97
%
17
18
n
26
30
NA
NA
137
10
31
1
3D
KO
985
1985
170
6,600 5
2,000 1
69
46
o
68
46
15
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
11
48
NA*
NA*
NA*
Justification
1985
190
,215 5
,350 1
69
46
20
64
25
17
57
NA
NA
104
21
48
9
33
104
of Appropri
1986
190
,500
,488
78
52
50
89
56
25
98
NA
NA
193
32
48
11
59
124
at ion
1985 vs. 1986
0
+285
+138
+9-
+6
+30
+25
+31
- +8
+41
NA
NA
+89
+11
0
+2
+26
+20
Estimates for
SF-6
-------
SUPERFUND
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Estimated Decrease (-)
Program Activities 1984 ' 1985 1985 1986 1985 vs. 1986
Cumulative Outputs
Response Activities
Removal Actions 422 NA* 612 802 +190
Remedial Actions
Preliminary Assessments .. 11,077 NA* 16,292 21,792 +5,500
Site Assessments 3,655 NA* 5,005 6,493 +1,488
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
Fund Lead 231 NA* 300 378 +78
Enforcement Lead 59 NA* 105 157 +52
Responsible Party 25 NA* 45 95 +50
Designs 34 NA* 98 187 +89
Remedial Actions 29 NA* 54 110 +56
Enforcement Actions
Settlements 159 NA* 233 356 +123
Inspections • NA NA* NA NA NA
Notices of Violation NA NA* NA NA NA
Administrative Orders 174 NA* 278 471 +193
Civil Litigation:
CERCLA Section 106
Imminent Hazard 46 NA* 67 99 +32
CERCLA Section 107 Cost
Recovery 65 NA* 113 161 +48
Criminal Litigation 1 NA* 10 21 +11
Technical Support for Ongoing
Docket/Filed Cases NA NA* NA NA NA
*Figures are not included in 1985 Justification of Appropriation Estimates for
Committee on Appropriations
SF-7
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Paqe
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substances Research SF-9
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
1986 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment
0 Report on criteria for cleanup at uncontrolled sites (Env. Processes)
0 Users guide for sampling quality assurance (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites
0 Report on full-scale testing of the EPA soils washer (Env. Technology)
0 Report on effectiveness of remedial action at Nashua site (Env. Technology)
° Report on feasibility of site usage following remedial action (Env. Technology)
Objective 3: Provide Information on P-ersonnel Health, Protective Equipment, and
Procedure?•
0 Interim report on rapid on-site methods to determine appropriate protective
clothing (Env. Technology)
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts
0 Health effects documents for reportable quantities adjustment (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices
0 Provision of technical assistance and geophysical site monitoring to all Regions
(Monitoring)
0 Technical reviews of remedial investigations and feasibility studies, and expert
witness and testimony support (Env. Technology)
0 Technical support on groundwater sampling, analyses, data interpretation and
site-specific modeling (Env. Processes)
0 Site-specific risk assessments (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA Implementation
0 Annual quality assurance (QA) reposity report (Monitoring)
0 QA oversight of 50 contractors in Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
1985 PLANNED OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment
0 Report on preliminary engineering and economic evaluation of the placement of
stabilized dioxin-contaminated soils in mines (Env. Technology)
0 Sampling users guide for measuring pollution in sediment (Monitoring)
° Ground and surface water modeling users guide (Env. Processes)
Objective 2: Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Vlaste Sites
° Handbook on fugitive dust control at hazardous waste sites (Env. Technology)
SF-11
-------
0 Users guide for decontaminating buildings, structures, and construction equip-
ment at Superfund sites (Env. Technology)
0 Report on chemical measures for decontaminating soils inplace (Env. Technology)
Objective 3: Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment and
Procedures
0 Report on evaluation of permeability of chlorinated polyethylene protective
suit fabric (Env. Technology)
° Report on decontamination techniques for specialized cleanup equipment used
during emergency response operations (Env. Technology)
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices
0 Emergency technical assistance at release and waste sites (Env. Technology)
° Summary report of subsurface geophysical site investigations and technical
assistance provided to Regions (Monitoring)
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA Implementation
0 Annual report on QA for the National Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
1984 ACTUAL'OUTPUTS
Objective 1: Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment
0 Report on Workshop to Improve Assessment of Genetic Risk from Exposure to Com-
plex Mixtures (Sci . Assessment)
0 Remote monitoring for 400 site assessments (Monitoring)
Objective 2: Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites
0 Report on mobile incineration system trial burn (Env. Technology)
0 Procedures and equipment for drum handling at Superfund sites (Env. Technology)
0 Report on completed and ongoing remedial actions efforts (Env. Technology)
0 Technical handbook for stabilization and solidification alternatives for reme-
dial action at uncontrolled waste sites (Env. Technology)
Objective 3: Provide Information on 'Personnel Health, Protective Equipment and
Procedure?
0 Manual on diver safety procedures in contaminated waters (Env. Technology)
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts
0 Annotated bibliography of analytical methods for CERCLA (Monitoring)
° Health effects documentation for reportable quantities (Sci. Assessment)
° Health effects assessments for 58 chemicals (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices
° Report on geophysical monitoring program support to Regions (Monitoring)
0 Summary report on quality assurance sample repository (Monitoring)
0 Expert witness testimony on Vertac site in Arkansas (Env. Technology)
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA Implementation
0 Guidelines for site sampling (Monitoring)
0 Ouality assurance for 40 analytical contractors (Monitoring)
SF-12
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 513,031,700 supported by 63.0 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $398,200 and 5.0 total workyears from 1985.' All of the
request will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
These increases will enable the Hazardous Substances Research program to provide
the technical support required to implement the Comprehensive Environmental Res-
ponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Program Description
The Superfund research program applies completed research and expertise ob-
tained from other programs, such as research conducted in support of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), to the cleanup of Superfund sites. This
technical support includes providing tailored guidance documents, operations man-
uals, assessment techniques, and technical expertise to meet the specific require-
ments of EPA program and Regional Offices, States and local authorities.
Objective 1. .Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assess-
ment. These activities provide the techniques and procedures to allow on-scene
coordinators (OSC's) to quickly and effectively assess the degree of hazard posed
at specific uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Objective 2. Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Activ-
ities supporting this objective evaluate and assess the technologies, techniques
and construction materials which may be applicable to controlling hazardous waste
releases to the environment in a cost-effective manner.
Objective 3. Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment
and Procedures.These activities provide evaluation and assessment of the techno-
logies applicable to ensuring personnel health and safety during removal and clean-
up operations.
Objective 4. Support Repprtable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. These
acti vities support Superfund regulatory efforts by ranking and assigning reportable
quantities to chemicals based upon a number of scientific and technical factors.
These quantities are then used as a basis for taking corrective action, if nec-
essary.
Objective 5. Provide Technical' Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices. This work provides review of remedi al action -desi gn and implementation
plans and review of new data submitted by liable parties for specific site problems.
Expert witnesses are furnished when required.
Objective 6. Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA Implementation.
An extensive program is being provided for the National Contract Laboratory Program.
It includes development and promulgation of analytical methods to measure and char-
acterize samples from Superfund sites, and review and evaluation of all quality
assurance and quality control plans.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of Si,315,500 supported by 5.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
SF-13
-------
Fund appropriation. This represents increases of $60,000 and 1.0 total workyear.
Additional resources will support reportable quantities development.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Site-
and chemical-specific exposure and risk assessments will be prepared to assist the
program office and Regions in evaluating alternative courses of action at uncon-
trolled hazardous waste sites and potential regulatory strategies- that might be
applied. Biomonitoring methods will be compiled for evaluating human exposure at
and near contaminated sites.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. These resources reflect
resumption of efforts to gather chemical-specific health effects data for use in
ranking chemicals according to the risk they pose for carcinogenicity or chronic
toxicity. Ratings will be one of several factors considered by the program office
in adjusting reportable quantities to reflect actual risks.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. These
resources will provide for the preparation of site- and chemical-specific assess-
ments to respond to enforcement needs and assessment of the relative health risks
associated with enforcement and remedial options. The studies will range from
brief hazard assessment summaries to detailed and peer-reviewed documents for use
in litigation and negotiation.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,255,500 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. This reflects an increase of $331,900 over 1984.
Increased numbers of site- and chemical-specific health assessments are being
prepared to respond to program office and enforcement needs, and procedures for
estimating emissions of low vapor pressure compounds, such as dioxin, from land-
fills are being prepared.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $923,600 supported by 2.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
Site-specific risk assessments were provided to the program office for use in
pre-remedial decision-making. The rapid-response capability was expanded and
assessments using this system were provided. Documentation was also provided to
rank carcinogenic and other chronic effects in support of reportable quantities
adjustments. In addition, methods for improving the Agency's capability to assess
the risks of dioxin exposure were developed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,991,200 supported by 20.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $60,000 and 1.0 total workyear.
These resources will provide remote sensing support, and additional technical
support for Enforcement. The technical support function will include activities
such as the review of settlement agreements, monitoring plans, and remedial action
plans.
SF-14
-------
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Remote
sensi ng wil 1 continue to hi used For site assessment and prioritization of none
than 400 sites. An effort to demonstrate source and ambient air monitoring equip-
ment at abandoned hazardous waste sites will be included.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. In
1986, the number of enforcement actions is expected to increase substantially. As
a result, additional resources will be needed to accelerate enforcement actions by
providing support for case preparations, compliance monitoring and development of
monitoring requirements for settlement agreements. Oversight support will be pro-
vided for settlement agreements in all Regions. Geophysical mapping to locate
subsurface anomalies and trace leachate plumes will be provided for Regional pro-
grams, as will field monitoring support.
Provide Quality Assurance Support for CERCLA Implementation. These resources
will provide quality assurance support to the Agency's National Contract Laboratory
Program and will consist of evaluating and monitoring 50 laboratories involved in
the analysis of more than 50,000 samples. On-site and quarterly reviews will be
conducted as well as a ten percent data audit.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,931,200 supported by 19.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,087,400
over 1984.
These resources provide support for an expanded quality assurance program
which includes an additional 20 laboratories in the National Contract Laboratory
Program.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,843,800 supported by 16.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
Major accomplishments of the program included the provision of quality assur-
ance to the analytical programs of Superfund by an increase in the total number
of laboratories by more than 40 contractors. A capability was established for
high resolution analysis of dioxin samples and an additional 14 contractors were
added to meet the needs of dioxin analysis. In the area of technical support, the
geophysical program was'initiated to aid in on-site analysis and characterization.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,343,800 supported by 32.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents increases of $60,000 and 1.0 total workyear.
These resources will allow evaluations of control technologies and technical sup-
port for enforcement, such as evaluation of remedial action plans and expert wit-
ness testimony in enforcement actions.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. In 1986,
engineering support wTTT conti nue to be appli ed to the assessment of hazardous
waste site situations including site hydrology and geology, and soil characteris-
tics. This information will be used to develop corrective measure options. Reports
SF-15
-------
will be prepared on data requirements for remedial action method selection. Reviews
and comments will be provided for site and assessment plans, and feasibility project
plans and reports.
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. These resources
will supportfieldevaluationsoffeasible in-sTtu treatment methods. Reports
addressing ultimate solutions, as opposed to containment remedial actions, will
be initiated and will include accelerated treatment techniques for sites including
treatment of large quantities of -surface soils and demonstration of permeable
lining and cutoff wall materials. Transportable treatment equipment will continue
to be evaluated at various sites of opportunity with technical reports produced for
each. Innovative removal and remedial technology evaluations will be an integral
part of these activities.
Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment and Procedures.
Resources will be devoted to the evaluation and assessment of new technologies fcfr
ensuring personnel health and safety during removal and clean-up operations, in-
cluding protective clothing and breathing apparatus; personal monitoring for expo-
sure; safety procedures for extended site operations; and decontamination procedures
for personnel and equipment exposed to hazardous materials.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. These
resources will provide technicaladvice and consultation on emergency and remedial
response options for an expanded number of National Priorities List sites to
Regional CERCLA programs and to the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement. These
activities provide verification of remedial action design and implementation and
review of new data submitted by liable parties for site-specific problems.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,283,800 supported by 31.3.
total workyears for this program, all of which is from .the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,343,800
over 1984.
In 1985, the Agency expects to initiate a new program on site and situation
assessment to improve the data available to on-scene coordinators needed to make
engineering decisions regarding remedial measures. A nationally coordinated infor-
mation base is being provided to assess hazardous waste site situations, including
waste characteristics, hydrology, geology, soil characteristics, and data require-
ments for remedial action method selection and evaluation to assist field personnel.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,940,000 supported by 23.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
A number of technology handbooks and guidance documents were produced ad-
dressing such topics as controlling the migration of leachate plumes, retrofit-
ting liners for surface impoundments, and evaluation of techniques to treat haz-
ardous waste leachates. Design modification was also completed on EPA's mobile
incinerator, permitting it to be deployed for the treatment of dioxin-contaminated
soils and liquids in southwest Missouri. Five long-term, self-contained chemical
protective ensembles were constructed and the ensemble breathing apparatus was
submitted to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health for certifi-
cation testing.
SF-16
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1Q86 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $381,200 supported by 5.1 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $218,200 and 2.0 total workyears.
These resources will support upgrading of the Agency's groundwater modeling train-
ing program.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. Tech-
nical support in the form of on-site expert advice and off-site laboratory analysis
will be provided in response to specific requests from Regions, Enforcement, States
and the Department of Justice on data interpretation and site-specific modeling.
Also, the groundwater modeling training program will be upgraded and expanded.
This effort supports training of Regional and State personnel in state-of-the-art
predictive modeling techniques for Superfund sites.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $163,000 supported by 3.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $300,600 from 1984.
The program is expanding the ability to respond to Regional Office and Office
of Waste Programs Enforcement requests for groundwater sampling, analyses, and
data interpretation. The overall reduction in resources reflects elimination of
site and situation assessment support in 1985 due to completion of models for this
purpose in 1984.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $463,600 supported by 1.9 total
workyears for this program all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
Major accomplishments include numerous responses to Program Office, Regional
Office, and State government requests for technical assistance on uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites.
SF-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-19
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement &
Compl iance Monitoring SF-21
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement SF-23
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-24
SF-18
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $71,878,600 supported by 689.1 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $23,352,900 and 180.7 total workyears from 1985. All of
the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
These increases reflect additional efforts to secure privately-financed response
to releases of hazardous substances. In addition, the increases will continue
support of cost recovery actions, thereby conserving the Trust Fund for use at
future sites and spills.
Program Description
The Hazardous Substance Response Enforcement program protects public health,
welfare, and the environment by securing privately-financed response to releases or
threats of releases of hazardous substances. The program also pursues responsible
parties to recover Trust Fund money spent on Federal response actions. To accom-
plish its mission, the enforcement program provides legal and technical support
for negotiations for privately-financed response; develops and executes CERCLA
Section 106 Administrative Orders to compel responsible party response; and init-
iates civil, criminal, and CERCLA Section 107 cost recovery cases for referral to
the Department of Justice. The program also provides legal and technical support
for ongoing cases filed by the Department of Justice on behalf of the Agency and
reviews and comments on State-lead enforcement actions.
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring — This program supports the Superfund activities of the National Enforce-
ment Investigations Center (NEIC). The NEIC provides specialized support for high
priority enforcement cases including specialized assistance in case preparation,
field investigations, laboratory analysis including high hazard samples, and prepa-
ration of technical testimony. The NEIC also provides specialized assistance for
State-lead enforcement activities.
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement -- This program develops the tech-
nical documentation for the Superfund enforcement program and initiates adminis-
trative enforcement actions. The activities include identifying responsible parties
and performing site assessments to document the extent of the threat and the pre-
ferred remedy. Also included is the technical support for: up-front negotiations
with private parties; cases referred to and litigated by the Department of Justice
including new and existing civil cases to compel cleanup; cases to recover Trust
Fund costs: criminal cases; and, as needed, State-lead enforcement actions. The
program also initiates and manages CERCLA Section 106 Administrative Orders.
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement — This program provides the legal staff
for the Superfund enforcement program. TFe activities include developing the legal
documentation necessary to obtain privately-financed response, providing legal
support for issuing administrative orders, and negotiating private party response
which includes increased emphasis on controlling groundwater contamination. The
program also participates with the Department of Justice in negotiating consent
decrees, conducting civil and criminal litigation, and litigating to recover
costs incurred by the Trust Fund.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,060,600 supported by 34.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $187,200 and no change in total work-
years. The decrease reflects Governmentwide reductions to pay and administrative
services.
SF-21
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In 1986, the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will provide
specialized technical support to nationally managed cases that require unusually
complex or sophisticated technical capabilities. This program will supplement
Regional and State staff in those cases that are technically difficult and will
fu-lly support precedent setting criminal cases. Responsibilities will include:
providing technical consultation and assistance in case preparation activities
including high hazard laboratory procedures; conducting field investigations in
support of case development efforts; providing laboratory analysis including ground-
water sample analysis; evaluating evidence and preparing reports; providing tech-
nical testimony; and negotiating technical aspects of key consent decrees. This
program will also provide for a continuation of the evidence audit quality control
function and for the safe removal and disposal of hazardous waste material gathered
during criminal investigations.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,247,800 supported by 34.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
Specialized technical capabilities are being made available to regional en-
forcement programs and State agencies for site entry procedures. The National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) is also preparing and analyzing high
hazard samples and providing a wide range of specialized analytical procedures,
quality control, and evidence security procedures. The NEIC is continuing to
support litigation development in nationally managed cases; cases with precedential
implications; criminal cases; cases with multi-regional impact; and cases involving
unique technological requirements. The NEIC is also assisting the Federal Bureau
of Investigation and regional investigative staffs in criminal investigations of
hazardous waste disposal practices by training investigative personnel in technical
evidence gathering procedures. In 1985, NEIC is also providing support to ground-
water monitoring in cost recovery and cleanup actions. Evidence audit control
processes are being continued to ensure that proper chain-of-custody procedures
are followed.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$21,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (-$21,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity which
was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This change
resulted in a net decrease of -$21,000 to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,313,400 supported by 31.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
This program provided technical consultation and assistance in litigation
preparation by performing laboratory analyses and data evaluation, providing tech-
nical testimony and negotiating technical aspects of consent decrees. The NEIC
assisted EPA and State laboratories on analytical procedures, disposal of hazardous
laboratory wastes, and preparation and handling of high hazard samples. The NEIC
also provided training to EPA and State investigators on site procedures and safety
and conducted an in-depth study of chemical hazards for laboratory and field per-
sonnel working on Superfund site investigations.
SF-22
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,390,200 supported by 4R1.2 total workyears
for this, program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of 522,164,400 and 146.7 total
workyears. These increases support enforcement efforts at hazardous waste sites on
the National Priorities List (NPL) where financially viable responsible parties are
present to respond to threatened or actual hazardous substance releases.'
A significant portion of all resources will be provided to the Regions to
implement the provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, >
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), Headquarters staff will develop policy and
implementation procedures, maintain oversight of Regional activities which are
nationally significant or precedential in nature, and conduct management reviews to
ensure that the intent of the CERCLA provisions are maintained. Mission contracts,
made available for Regional use, are managed by Headquarters personnel. Significant
final Decision Documents and case referral packages to the Department of Justice
(DOO) require monitoring and approval by Headquarters in order to maintain national
consistency.
In 1986, the Agency will focus its enforcement efforts on those sites included
on the NPL where administrative actions are most likely to result in privately-
financed response actions. This will be achieved through negotiation, issuance of
administrative orders and, where necessary, judicial action. Emphasis will be to
achieve total cleanup; nonetheless, responsible parties will be encouraged to enter
the remedial process as each stage of response is initiated. Site remediation will
be based on remedial investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FS) financed by the
responsible party or by the Agency under the Hazardous Spill and Site Response
program. In 1986, the enforcement program will manage 50 privately-financed and 52
Federally-financed RI/FS.
Although negotiations with responsible parties will be emphasized in 1986,
aggressive litigative action will be continued to compel response where administra-
tive efforts have not been successful. The Regions will develop 32 new CERCLA
Section 106 cases to compel remedial response at hazardous waste sites and will
recommend Agency referral of cases to the Department of Justice. Judicial action
will also be used to assist in major removal actions. Continued technical support
will be provided for unresolved cases referred to DOJ in previous years.
When responsible parties undertake response activities at hazardous waste
sites, whether through negotiation or litigation, it will require oversight to
ensure compliance with the terms of the settlement or court order. The Agency will
assure compliance by responsible parties at 48 removal sites, 50 RI/FS sites, and
87 other major remedial response sites.
When responsible parties fail to settle as a result of administrative or
litigative procedures for response action at hazardous waste sites, Federal funds
will be used for such action. The Agency will seek recovery of those funds. The
Regions will recommend 48 cases which will be referred to DOJ under CERCLA
Section 107 to recover response costs and will continue support for unresolved
cases currently at DOJ for litigation.
Headquarters manages mission contracts to meet the technical requirements of
achieving responsible party response. These contracts will support: responsible
party searches and determination of financial viability; oversight of remedial
analysis for planning response actions; oversight of response to hazardous waste
threats; and technical support of litigation to compel remedial response or to
recover expended funds. Effective management of these activities requires close
coordination with legal enforcement and response personnel to plan Federal response
and to provide the broadest possible base of technical information to support en-
forcement actions. ^
SF-23
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $36,225,800 supported by 334.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. These resources support continuing enforcement
actions at priority sites and cost recovery efforts where Federal funds have been
expended.
The enforcement program expects to oversee responsible party actions at 37
removals, 20 remedial investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FS), and 53 other major
remedial response actions. In addition, the program plans to manage 46 RI/FS which
are Federally-financed. In order to continue a strong enforcement presence in
1986, the Agency expects to issue 104 unilateral or consent administrative orders
for removals, RI/FS, and other major remedial response actions. Moreover, to
compel response action, the Agency anticipates the referral of 21 CERCLA Section
106 cases to the Department of Justice (OOJ) for litigation. Where Trust Fund
monies were expended, the Agency will refer CERCLA Section 107 cases to DOJ for
litigation. Technical support is being provided for all ongoing cases.
19R5 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net decrease of -$211,500 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (-$211,500) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net decrease of -$211,500 to the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $19,641,900 supported by 192.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources supported enforcement actions at sites
on the National Priorities List (NPL) and other significant waste sites and were
used to initiate cost recovery where Federal funds were expended.
Headquarters promulgated policy and procedural requirements and maintained
program consistency as well as managed mission contracts and provided technical
support for regional activity. The Regions initiated 36 enforcement RI/FS. Com-
pliance oversight was provided for 49 removal actions, 17 RI/FS, and 32 other major
remedial response actions conducted by responsible parties. The Agency initiated
ten CERCLA Section 106 cases and issued administrative orders to compel response
action at sites presenting imminent endangerment to public health and the environ-
ment. CERCLA Section 107 cases were filed to recover funds incurred by the Trust
Fund at 31 sites. The Agency also provided ongoing support for active cases at
the Department of Justice.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,427,800 supported by 173.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,375,700 and 34.0 total work-
years. These resources will provide additional staff to support accelerated legal
enforcement activities resulting from the large number of remedial investigation/
feasibility studies (RI/FS) completions, the increasing number and complexity of
ongoing cases, the Agency's emphasis on cost recovery action, and an increase in
the amount of groundwater protection efforts involving the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Reponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The increase in Head-
quarters staff will provide greater legal support for the growing ongoing civil
SF-24
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caseload. Headquarters will also provide an increased level of effort in enforce-
ment policy and program development and in the review of significant administrative
orders. The small increase in workyears devoted to State and Federal enforcement
will foster a better and more coordinated approach to environmental enforcement
nationwide.
Federal enforcement actions fall into two major categories; actions to secure
privately-financed site cleanup by responsible parties, and cost recovery actions
to recover Trust Fund monies expended for site response activities. Enforcement
actions to secure privately-financed cleanup reduce the total number of sites
requiring Fund-financed response and allow Fund resources to be primarily focused
on abandoned hazardous waste sites or sites with insolvent responsible parties
where direct use of Superfund resources presents the only available response option.
Cost recovery actions return expended monies to the Fund and permit the same level
of Fund resources to address a larger number of problem sites.
The 1986 resources will be used to support cost recovery actions and responsi-
ble party response efforts as new enforcement actions against CERCLA violators
continue to grow. Experience has shown that ongoing CERCLA actions require a
heavier investment of legal enforcement resources than do other media enforcement
cases because of their complexity. Adequate support of these ongoing cases is
crucial since they produce the greatest environmental benefits and lend credibility
to Agency enforcement actions. Consequently, the major portion of staff resources
for 1986 will be devoted to supporting the ongoing docket of 183 cases. The
Regions will continue to support the Agency emphasis in those CERCLA cases involving
groundwater contamination. 'In addition, resources will support the criminal in-
vestigations program and provide legal support to criminal cases. In 1986, Federal
facilities will be subject to increased enforcement efforts and additional Memoranda
of Agreement on cleanup and compliance requirements will he negotiated by Head-
quarters staff along with development of general enforcement and compliance over-
sight policy.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,052,100 supported by 139.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Resoonse Trust Fund aDDrooriation.
total worxyears ror tnis program,
Response Trust Fund appropriation.
Large increases in the ongoing case docket and negotiations with potential re-
sponsible parties are occurring as a result of CERCLA initiatives in both response-
financed and enforcement-financed remedial investigation/feasibility studies in
1984. Negotiations with potential responsible parties are increasing as private
party initiatives are encouraged by the Agency. Regional legal enforcement re-
sources are concentrating on the ongoing docket of 137 cases and support of 69 new
judicial actions under both CERCLA Sections 106 and 107. Headquarters staff are
continuing to develop general enforcement policy and compliance oversight. They
are also providing client office support for updates to the National Priorities
List, site classification, and development of Memoranda of Understanding with
potential responsible Federal agencies concerning site cleanup. Headquarters
staff also reviews any regulations developed under CERCLA; provides support to the
Regional Counsels; and on a limited number of nationally significant cases, parti-
cipates on case development teams, including participation in negotiations with
responsible parties concerning site cleanup or cost recovery.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$22,300 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$22,300) Several reprogrammings were made to this acti-
vity which were not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$22,300 to the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation.
SF-25
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated $3,742,100 supported by 85.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation.
Regional legal enforcement resources were primarily focused on providing
support for 89 ongoing cases and initiating 41 new CERCLA Section 106 and 107
cases. In addition to litigation activity, Headquarters staff prepared the follow-
ing documents and guidance: (1) CERCLA Enforcement Attorney's Manual; (2) guidance
on "dealing with bankrupt responsible parties; (3) Model Consent Decree terms; (4)
Partial Settlement Policy; (5) CERCLA Case Management Handbook; and (6) CERCLA
Compliance/Enforcement Policy Compendium.
SF-26
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support..
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
•Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance-
Hazardous Substance-
Hazardous Substance-
Hazardous Substance-
Financial Management - Headquarters
Financial Management- Regions
Administrative Management - Headquarters
Administrative Management - Regions
Support Services - Headquarters
Support Services - Regions
Computer Services
Legal Services - Headquarters
Legal Services - Regions
Office of the In-spector General
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation
Office of the Comptroller
Office of Research & Devel opment-Lab Support.
SF-28
SF-35
SF-36
SF-36
SF-37
SF-38
SF-38
SF-39
SF-39
SF-40
SF-41
SF-41
SF-42
SF-43
SF-27
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $29,477,500 supported by 175.6 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $4,305,600 and 26.7 total workyears from 1985. All of the
request will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
These increases reflect the additional management and support required for the oper-
ation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program.
Program Description
This function provides the full array of financial, administrative, and
support services necessary to manage and implement the Superfund program.
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters and Regions — This
component contains two program elements which maintain financial records, and
track and r-eport on the use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund.
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters and Regions —
These program elements provide resources to fund the Superfund administrative
services necessary to award and administer contracts, process personnel actions,
provide central management and technical support for Superfund information systems,
acquire and maintain Superfund office and laboratory services, and provide tech-
nical assistance and training for the Superfund program staff to assure the
safety of those employees.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters and Regions -- This
component contains two program elements which cover the costs of space, utilities,
printing, equipment, and other nonpersonnel support needs that are allocable to
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
Hazardous Substance Computer Services -- This program element funds the data
processing (timesharing) costs of operating and maintaining all Supprfund infor-
mation systems.
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters and Regions — These program
elements fund the activities of the Office of the General Counsel (OGC) and the
Offices of the Regronal Counsels under Superfund. These activities include statu-
tory interpretations of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the issuance of opinions and advice regarding the
use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund and other financial, adminis-
trative, or legal issues. In addition, OGC acts as the Agency's chief counsel in
defending regulatory and other Agency decisions regarding the implementation of
CERCLA. The Offices of the Regional Counsels advise and assist the Regions and
States in interpreting the Act and represent the Regions in defensive litigation
activities.
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General — This program element
provides appropriate auditing of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund,
as well as pre-award, interim, and final audits of contracts awarded under the
Superfund program, and audits of Cooperative Agreements with the States.
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation -- This pro-
gram element provides policy analysis, program evaluation, management assessment,
and technical support and analysis under the Superfund program.
SF-34
-------
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller -- This program element funds
the activities of the Office of the Comptroller under Superfund. These activities
include budget development and oversight, response to OMB and Congressional inquir-
ies, analysis of program operating plans, issuance of allowances, and resource an-
alyses on critical issues pertaining to the utilization of Superfund monies.
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development - lab Support -- This
program element provides the essential laboratory support services required to
operate and maintain the Office of Research and Development's Superfund research
program in three remote laboratories across the country. These support services
include facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations,
rental costs, and other nonpersonnel laboratory support needs that are allocable
to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $490,100 supported by 9.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $100,600 and 3.0 total workyears.-
These increases reflect the additional management and support required for an
expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. The program will undertake two
major initiatives in 1986. One initiative will be to implement an Indirect Cost
Allocation System that will enable EPA to receive maximum recovery of costs incur-
red and distribute costs equitably at the site level. This allocation methodology
will distribute all costs among responsible parties. The second initiative will
be to conduct a comprehensive review of the Hazardous Substance Response program
to ensure accounting compliance throughout the Agency.
In addition, the program will continue to provide ongoing assistance covering
basic accounting and payroll support, fund control, and resource monitoring of
program funds used in responding to specific sites or spills. Program activities
will include: preparing reports of past receipts and disbursements from the Fund;
tracking funds recovered from liable parties; meeting the Agency's requirements
for providing full disclosure of financial activities; ensuring payment of vouchers
from State, Federal, and commercial entities; and monitoring cash flow.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $389,500 supported by 6.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources provide a full array of financial
management activities to the Superfund program. These activities include: issu-
ing timely and accurate financial reports; maintaining detailed site-specific
accounting records; providing accurate financial accounting of all resources;
safeguarding against waste, fraud and abuse; processing billings and accounts
receivable; and supporting cost recovery litigation actions,
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $289,300 supported by 4.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources provided for financial management
SF-35
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services including the establishment of an indirect cost allocation system and
site-specific accounting procedures to assure the financial integrity of the
Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $771,400 supported by 26.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $66,600 and 5.6 total workyears.
These increases reflect the additional management and support required for an
expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. Regional financial management
activities will include: providing timely and accurate financial reports, main-
taining the fiscal integrity of the Superfund program, billing and collecting
funds for Federal response recovery actions, and providing accurate and auditable
documentation for all Superfund financial transactions in the Regions.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $704,800 supported by 20.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are being used to support regional
Superfund financial management activities in the areas identified in the 1986
request.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $336,100 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this pnogram, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of regional.
Superfund financial management activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1986 Program Requesj
The Agency • requests a total of $3,508,700 supported by 50.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $157,600 and 4.3 total work-
years. These increases reflect the additional management and support required for
an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. These resources will provide
centralized administrative services for Superfund activities such as: awarding
and monitoring contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements; managing
automated systems; developing health and safety training courses; implementing
specialized medical monitoring programs; providing staffing and classification
activities; and providing sufficient facilities management to support the overall
Superfund program.
SF-36
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1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,351,100 supported by 45.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. These resources will enable the program to
provide centralized administrative and management services. The Agency is main-
taining and refining administrative services to support the Superfund program in
the areas identified in the 1986 request.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
• There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,839,900 supported by 36.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to-award, renew,
and administer the large mission contracts required to carry out response activit-
ies and provided central technical support for developing, operating, and main-
taining all automated Superfund information systems. The Agency also implemented
and refined health and safety standards and procedures, and maintained and supported
the Agency personnel requirements of the Superfund program staff.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $739,100 supported by 23.8 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $100 and 4.8 total workyears.
These increases reflect the additional management and support required for an
expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. Regional administrative manage-
ment activities will include: assuring a reliable health and safety program, pro-
viding adequate ADP technical assistance to support the site-specific recordkeeping
requirements of the Superfund program, and ensuring that small purchase and contract
and procurement personnel meet rapid turn-around requirements.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $739,000 supported by 19.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources provide regional Superfund administra-
tive support services for contracting and procurement, personnel, health and
safety, facilities, and information management activities.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $317,200 supported by 9.9-total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of adminis-
trative management services to the regional Superfund program.
SF-37
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,664,200 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
represents an increase of $2,945,000. The increase reflects the additional
management and support required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous Sub-
stance Response program. These resources will fund the Hazardous Substance Response
program's share of Headquarters and Agencywide support costs. These costs will in-
clude: facilities rental, Federal Telecommunications System, utilities, local tele-
phone service, printing and copying, postage, other building and office services,
and health and safety training.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,719,200 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
program is funding the same costs that will be supported in 1986.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $5,689,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
program funded the same costs that will be supported in 1986.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,698,800 for this program, all'of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $438,000. The increase reflects the additional management
and support required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response
program. These resources will cover utilities, local telephone service, printing
and copying, minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support
services related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,260,800 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
program is funding the same services that will be supported in 1986.
1985Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,788,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
program funded the same services that will be supported in 1986.
SF-38
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,276,600 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust fund appropriation. This
represents an increase of $276,600. The increase reflects the additional manage-
ment and support required for an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program.
These resources will provide centralized computing services to the Hazardous
Substance Response program by the Agency's National Computer Center in Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. These resources will pay a portion of the Center's
costs for equipment, telecommunications, software leases and maintenance and
facility operations. These resources represent the estimated costs attributable
to the Hazardous Substance Response program data systems and users of these systems
in Headquarters and Regional offices.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $1V000,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
amount reflects an increase in the size and use of Hazardous Substance Response
program data bases, offset somewhat by decreased computing costs for software
development associated with these data bases.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $932,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. The
program provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1986 Program Request
In 1986, the Agency requests a total of $297,900 supported by 6.0 total work-
years for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $47,800 and 1.0 total
workyear. These increases reflect the additional support required for an expanding
Hazardous Substance Response program. The Office of General Counsel will provide
advice and assistance to Agency Superfund managers. This will include: consult-
ation on financial and administrative matters, legal support for the development
and defense of regulations and disbursement decisions, legal guidance on the
statutory interpretation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA), and development of response priorities.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $250,100 supported by 5.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The Office of General Counsel is providing advice and
consultation on financial and administrative matters such as eligible uses of the
Fund, staffing, and budget activities; legal guidance in program matters such as
interpretation of the statute and the National Contingency Plan; and defense of
the Agency in any litigation brought against CERCLA.
SF-39
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1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $242,500 supported by 4.8 total work-
years for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The Office of General Counsel provided legal guidance
in program matters such as statutory interpretation, development of response
priorities, review of proposed regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency where
litigation had been brought against CERCLA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - REGIONS
1986 Program Request
In 1986, the Agency requests a total of $977,500 supported by 20.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $270,000 and
6.0 total workyears. These increases reflect the additional support required for
an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program. The Offices of Regional Coun-
sels will continue to represent the Agency in regional defensive litigation con-
cerning Superfund. In addition, the Offices of Regional Counsels will provide
legal assistance by. reviewing EPA Cooperative Agreements with States for legal
sufficiency; advising State agencies regarding the legal requirements of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA);
responding to challenges to enforcement activities; determining eligible uses of
the Fund; and advising on Federal procurement and treatment of confidential infor-
mation.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $707,500 supported by 14.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsels handle Superfund related
defensive litigation and conduct such activities as' reviewing EPA Cooperative
Agreements with States for legal sufficiency, assisting State agencies regarding
the legal requirements of CERCLA, and responding to legal challenges to Agency
actions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
.In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $267,500 supported by 6.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsels provided EPA and State
agencies with legal advice and consultation on matters related to the implementa-
tion of CERCLA. Principal activities of the Offices of Regional Counsels included
the conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of Cooperative Agreements with
States for site cleanup, and general legal support to the Superfund program in the
Regions.
SF-40
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE-OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,054,100 supported by 29.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $55,500 and no change in total
workyears. The decrease reflects Governmentwide reductions to pay and administra-
tive services. These resources will enable the Office of Inspector General to
perform internal audits to improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of
the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund's management. For example, audits
assess the adequacy of Agency site response efforts, Federal and State cost recovery
efforts, and Federal or State oversight of emergency and remedial actions. Public
accounting firms under contract to the Office of Inspector General and Federal
audit groups will provide assistance in auditing financial aspects of the Fund,
external contracts, and Cooperative Agreements. Investigative resources will
enable the Office of Inspector General to identify and eliminate situations
which create the opportunity for fraud and abuse.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,109,600 supported by 29.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Inspector
General to perform internal audits to improve the economy, efficiency, and effec-
tiveness of the Fund's management and external audits of contracts and Cooperative
Agreements. Public accounting firms under contract to the Office of Inspector
General and other Federal audit groups assist in performing audits as assigned.
Investigative resources are supporting efforts to identify and eliminate situations
which create the opportunity for fraud and abuse.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,283,500 supported by 34.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The obligated amount included $252,764 for audits
conducted by other Federal agencies and $500,000 for audits conducted by indepen-
dent public accounting firms. During 1984, the Office of Inspector General issued
68 audit reports on the Fund. Internal audits identified Agency deficiencies in
cost control of removal actions and recommended improvements in State procedures
for screening eligibility of response costs. External audits questioned $5.2
million of the approximately $126 million audited.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $631,800 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $5,900 and no change in total
workyears. The decrease reflects Governmentwide reductions in pay and adminis-
trative services. These resources will maintain the workyears committed to the
Superfund program in the areas of policy direction and analysis in the Office of
Policy Analysis, technical support and analysis in the Office of Standards and
Regulations, and program evaluation in the Office of Management Systems and Evalu-
ation. This will ensure that Superfund policies meet Agencywide guidelines and
5F-41
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are supported by comprehensive economic and management analyses.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $637,700 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The Offices of Policy Analysis, Standards and Regula-
tions, and Management Systems and Evaluation are providing policy development,
reviewing guidance for implementing regulations, and conducting program evaluations
of Superfund's management systems, activities, and accomplishments.
*
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accompli sments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total -of $770,500 supported by 2.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. These resources were used to fund the following activit-
ies: the Office of Policy Analysis prepared and analyzed policy and program imple-
mentation issues; the Office of Standards and Regulations provided statistical
and technical support to the regulatory development process; and the Office of
Management Systems and Evaluation provided the program with effective management
systems and accurate assessments of program activities and accomplishments.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $267,300 supported by 5.8 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $64,700 and 2.0 total workyears.
These increases reflect the additional management and support required for an expand-
ing Hazardous Substance Response program. The program will provide additional
financial oversight and tracking of a higher level of program activities resulting
from an expanded tax authority anticipated after reauthorization. These resources
will support: the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and Congress; response to Congressional inquiries;
analysis and review of major issues concerning workload and pricing models; and
analysis of ongoing resource issues related to the operation and management of the
Trust Fund.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $202,600 and 3.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources support the ongoing budget activities described
above.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
I
SF-42
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1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $367,900 and 4.1 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB
and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and
provided fund" oversight activities including ongoing resource reviews for the
Superfund program. In addition, the program prepared the original analysis of
resource requirements for reauthorization, and conducted in-house studies on
historical and projected site activity expenditures and on site-specific charging.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - LAB SUPPORT
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $100,000 for this program, all of which will be
for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents no
increase in funds. These resources will provide essential support services for
three remote Office of Research and Development (ORD) laboratories which perform
research in the hazardous substances area. These resources will adequately fund
such items as facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment opera-
tions, rental costs, and other nonpersonnel support costs that are essential for
the operation and maintenance of ORD's Superfund research program.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $100,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
These resources provide for the essential services as described above, which are
required to operate and maintain ORD's Superfund research program.
1985 Explanatjon of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accompli shments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $58,800 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
funding provided the essential ORD laboratory support services associated with the
Superfund research program.
SF-43
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1986 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Hazardous Substance Response - EPA SF-45
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-47
Assessing & Replacing Natural Resources SF-50
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency. SF-51
Department of Health & Human Services SF-54
United States Coast Guard SF-55
Department of Justice SF-55
Federal Emergency Management Agency SF-56
Federal Emergency Management Agency - Relocation SF-57
National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration SF-57
Department of Interior SF-58
Occupational Safety & Health Administration SF-58
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory SF-60
SF-44
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SF-46
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $760,215,200 supported by 788.3 total workyears
for 1986, an increase of $249,691,700 and 146.5 total workyears from 1985. All of
the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
These increases reflect an acceleration of the Superfund program and an increase
in the number of sites where expensive remedial construction activities will be
undertaken. These resources will ensure that 56 remedial constructions, the
final cleanup phase at a hazardous waste site, can be started. These 56 sites
represent a 124 percent increase over 1985.
Program Description
This program is responsible for protecting public health and the environment
from the dangers associated with releases of hazardous substances into the environ-
ment by providing the necessary funding and support to undertake short-term emer-
gency responses and long-term site cleanup. The activities include responding to
spills and emergency releases of hazardous substances, conducting remedial work at
abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, and assessing and replacing
natural resources damaged by hazardous substances.
Hazardous Spill and Site Response -- The Agency coordinates an emergency re-
sponse program to deal with the most serious hazardous substance spills and site
emergencies where the responsible party or State and local governments are unable
to respond adequately. The Agency also conducts a comprehensive program to evaluate
all known hazardous waste sites, to establish priorities for remedial response, and
to undertake the appropriate remedy at as many sites as possible. The Headquarters
portion of the program establishes the policy framework, coordinates the setting of
priorities, allocates the response resources, and provides implementation guidance.
The Regions have the lead responsibility for conducting all the preliminary field
work to identify the problems and for managing the response work.
Assessing and Replacing Natural Resources-- CERCLA authorizes payments for
costs associated with Federal or State efforts to restore, rehabilitate, replace,
or acquire the equivalent of natural resources damaged as a result of hazardous
substance releases. The Agency, in conjunction with other Federal agencies, re-
views requests submitted by Trustees of natural resources to conduct damage assess-
ments. These assessments determine if significant or irreplaceable .damage to nat-
ural resources has resulted from a release of hazardous substances.
HAZARDOUS SPILL AND SITE RESPONSE
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $760,215,200 supported by 788.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $249,691,700 and 146.5 total
workyears. These increases reflect the continued momentum of: the emergency re-
moval program in stabilizing sites where significant and immediate threats exist;
and the remedial program in initiating planning work at additional sites on the
National Priorities List (NPL), completing ongoing remedial planning activities
and proceeding with implementation work at sites where planning is completed.
Removal: The Agency expects to receive and screen 6,000 hazardous substance
release notifications in 1986 to determine what, if any, response is required. In
the majority of cases, the responsible party or State or local government will take
SF-47
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the lead in addressing the problem. In situations where more than one State'is
involved or where there is an unusually complex problem, the Federal government
will coordinate and fund the response. The EPA and the United States Coast Guard
will continue to maintain an emergency response capability in 1986, including
EPA's Environmental Response Team, comprised of Agency employees with special
engineering and scientific expertise. This request includes resources to augment
existing Environmental Response Team capabilities. This will improve the Agency's
ability to provide timely engineering and scientific advice to Federal, State,
and local officials during hazardous substance response actions. The result will
be more reliable and cost-effective solutions to real and potential environmental
threats.
In 1986, the Agency will continue the expanded removal program which began
in 1983. The goal of the program is to stabilize NPL sites where significant
threats exist while additional long-term response is being considered. These
efforts enable the Agency to take immediate action to protect public health and
the environment without waiting for the completion of long-term analysis of the
site or the results of more detailed site assessments. In addition to responding
to emergencies, removals will be taken where an immediate response is not critical,
but sone early response is necessary to protect public health or the environment.
The Agency expects that the total number of Fund-financed removal actions will re-
main stable at 190 incidents per year.
Remedial: Site response efforts, from the initiation of the remedial investi-
gation/feasibility study through the completion of implementation, will take between
30 and 50 months. Many factors, including the cooperation of the responsible par-
ties, availability of State resources, and changes in field conditions will influ-
ence the progress of site work. To ensure that sites are addressed as quickly as
possible, each Region, in cooperation with the States, is developing Site Manage-
ment Plans for each site on the NPL. These plans will enable the Agency to coordi-
nate all proposed response and enforcement actions at a given site and to monitor
progress at the site.
The Agency is committed to ensuring that the site remedies are both-technically
sound and cost-effective. This requires that detailed studies be undertaken to
characterize the problem, collect and analyze the data necessary to determine the
potential range of solutions, and evaluate and select the most cost-effective course
of action. In 1986, this program will initiate remedial investigation/feasibility
studies at 78 response-lead sites. Once the remedial investigation/feasibility
study is completed, the final remedial solution is selected, the detailed engi-
neering design for the proposed action is developed, and then the actual implemen-
tation of the solution is carried out by contractors under the direction of the
Army Corps of Engineers or the States. In 1986, design work will be started at 89
sites and implementation at 56 other sites. This will bring the total number of
sites where'a Fund-financed solution has been selected and design and/or construc-
tion started to 187 by the end of 1986.
Sjbate Participation: The Agency will encourage as many States as possible to
participate in ongoing response actions. The Agency expects that States will
enter into Cooperative Agreements for approximately $235 million for site response
actions. Efforts will continue in 1986 to encourage States to assume greater
responsibility for development and operation of their own response programs. This
will include: providing advice and guidance on organizing response capability;
reviewing and suggesting improvements in technical resources and staff; providing
technical assistance; identifying technical, health and safety training needs; and
assisting in determining possible financial mechanisms that States can adopt to
support their current and future activities.
Interagency Support: Resources to support incident-specifie activities of
other agencies will be provided under this program. Examples of incident-specific
activities that may be performed by other agencies include health studies at
SF-48
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National Priorities List (NPL) sites by the Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices, permanent relocation of individuals at NPL sites by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, and response to hazardous spill incidents occurring in coastal
waters by the United States Coast Guard.
1985 Withholding
This withholding reflects the Agency's response to Section 515 of the Treasury-
Postal Service Appropriations Act, 1985 which requires that certain agencies with-
hold funds for consulting services. The withheld amount, -$1,770,000, in the
Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation reflects reductions to
consulting services.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $510,523,500 supported by 641.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. The majority of work in 1985 is geared toward
initiating the necessary remedial investigation/feasibility studies, continuing to
work on sites initiated in previous years, and responding to those emergencies
where a Federal response is required.
Removal: The Agency is directing response efforts at 190 major hazardous sub-
stance releases and is providing on-scene assistance at 300 releases of hazardous
substances. In addition, the regulatory and guidance framework will be completed
for the removal program, including promulgation of final regulations on CERCLA
notification, on reportable quantities, and on the designation of additional
hazardous substances.
Remedial: In 1985, the Agency is focusing its remedial efforts on initiating
remedial investigation/feasibility studies at sites on the NPL and beginning de-
sign and implementation at sites where planning has been completed. The Agency
plans to conduct 5,215 preliminary assessments of sites, 1,350 site inspections,
69 response-lead and 46 enforcement-lead remedial investigation/feasibility stud-
ies, 64 engineering designs, and 25 remedial actions.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$10,200 results from the following actions:
-Reprogrammings. (+$10,200) Several reorogrammings were made to this activ-
ity which werenot reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations.
These changes resulted in a net increase of +$10,200 to the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $366,409,500 supported by 528.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. Specific accomplishments included: process-
ing 5,000 notifications of releases of hazardous substances; directing 204 removal
actions at major hazardous incidents, including 38 removal actions at National
Priorities List (NPL) sites; on-scene monitoring of 300 removals of hazardous
substances carried out by the responsible parties or State and local authorities;
conducting 3,968 preliminary assessments of sites and 1,311 site inspections;
and initiating 97 response-lead and 36 enforcement-lead remedial investigations/
feasibility studies, 18 engineering designs, and 13 remedial actions. Additionally,
the Agency developed Interagency Agreements with the Corps of Engineers and other
Federal agencies and awarded Cooperative Agreements at 121 sites. From 1981 through
1984, the Agency has designated 786 MPL sites and initiated remedial investigations
at 231 sites where Fund-financed response is anticipated.
SF-49
I
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ASSESSING AND REPLACING NATURAL RESOURCES
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program. Workyears to support the re-
view and assessment of damage claims resulting from hazardous substance releases
will be included in the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program element.
1985 Program
In 1985, no funds are allocated for this program. Funding
previous years is available to be used for anticipated costs.
appropriated in
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $4,500 and 0.1 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources supported the development of natural resources
damage claims policy and regulations.
SF-50
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 525,397,000 for 1986, an increase of $2,251,
600 from 1985. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. The increase reflects an acceleration of Superfund
enforcement activities. The funds will primarily be used by the Department of
Justice to file and litigate new and ongoing cases to compel responsible party
site response and to recover Trust Fund monies expended at hazardous waste sites.
The requested resources will support the ongoing Superfund program activities of
the Department of Health and Human Services, the United States Coast Guard, the
Department of Justice, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration,
the Department of the Interior, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Program Description
Executive Order 12316, signed by the President in August 1981, requires
the Agency to manage an interagency budget process culminating in a consolidated
budget request for the entire Superfund program. The activities of other Federal
agencies are divided into two basic categories. The first category includes
those activities which are episodic in nature and taken in direct support of speci-
fic' spill or site response actions. With the exception of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, these actions are financed on a reimbursable basis from the
funds appropriated to the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program. The second
category of other Federal agency involvement is support for ongoing activities
which are generally not incident-specific. These activities include developing
program policies and guidance, conducting health research, training response per-
sonnel, litigating civil and criminal cases, and .providing scientific and technical
advice to EPA on-scene coordinators. These actions are financed by the funds
requested in this subactivity. All funds are provided through transfer allocation
accounts, with the exception of the United States Coast Guard (USCG). Funds are
transferred to the USCG on a reimbursable basis.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) -- CERCLA established an Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry within the Department of Health and
Human Services which has the authority to investigate complaints of illness or
disease related to exposure to hazardous substances, to conduct health studies and
surveys, to develop appropriate testing for exposed individuals, and to develop
and maintain information on the health effects of toxic substances. The EPA is
working closely with HHS to develop policies and procedures to ensure a coordinated
Federal approach in conducting these activities.
United States Coast Guard (USCG) — The USCG has the authority under CERCLA
to respond to any release or threatened release of hazardous substances involving
the coastal zone, Great Lakes waters, ports, and harbors. The USCG provides train-
ing to maintain this response capability, conducts enforcement activities as neces-
sary in its areas of responsibility, and maintains the National Response Center.
Department of Justice (DOJ) -- The Attorney General has responsibility for
the conduct and control of all litigation arising under CERCLA. The EPA prepares
the required technical and legal documentation and cooperates with DOJ in the
negotiation of consent decrees for privately-financed response actions.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) — The FEMA has the authority under
CERCLA to provide temporary and permanent relocation housing for individuals whose
health is threatened by hazardous substance releases. The EPA supports FEMA in
establishing the necessary core staff in both Headquarters and Regions to manage
and carry out delegated functions effectively.
SF-53
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Federal Emergency Management Agency - Relocation -- The FEMA provides temp-
orary and permanent housing relocation to individuals threatened by hazardous
waste.
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) -- The National
Conti ngency Plan designates NOAA as Federal Trustee -for certain natural resources
which may be lost or damaged as a result of hazardous substance releases. The
NOAA also provides scientific and technical support for responses to releases of
hazardous substances in coastal and marine waters.
Department of the Interior (DPI) -- The National Contingency Plan designates
DOI as Federal Trustee for certain natural resources lost or damaged as a result of
hazardous substance releases. The DOI provides scientific and technical support
in the areas of resource damage assessment through participation on National and
Regional Response Teams.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -- The OSHA has respon-
sibility for worker protection at Superfund sites. The Health Response Team pro-
vides assistance to EPA officials and other on-site personnel to protect workers
at hazardous waste sites and to develop guidelines to improve current methods of
worker protection.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,620,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This
represents the same level of funding as 1985. These resources will enable HHS to
develop protocols for site-specific disease registries; to conduct birth defects
studies; to identify and test chemicals found at Superfund sites for which inade-
quate toxicological information exists; to support the Headquarters and field core
core staff necessary to provide scientific and technical advice to EPA on-scene
coordinators when assessing the public health hazard at priority sites; and to
review environmental test results for indications of human health hazard. On an
ongoing basis, HHS will provide health-related field guidance and laboratory sup-
port at emergency responses.
1985 Program
•In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,620,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources provide support for the ongoing activities of HHS. The HHS is collect-
ing information, conducting studies, and developing the procedures necessary to
provide continuing health-related support to the Superfund program. These activi-
ties include pilot health studies; birth defect studies; the development of health-
related field guidance in support of Agency emergency response actions; development
of standard guidelines for the conduct of health and epidemiological studies at
National Priorities List (NPL) sites; production of worker health and safety tech-
nical guidance and field manuals for individuals involved in response actions;
and toxicological testing of chemicals found at NPL sites.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of S7,179,900 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
SF-54
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resources provided support for health-related activities as mandated under CERCLA.
Scientific support and ongoing support for emergency response activities were
continued at an increased number of sites. Toxicology testing and worker health
and safety research efforts were expanded.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,192,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents
the same level of funding as 1985. The USCG will ensure CERCLA financial responsi-
bility requirements are met, train emergency response personnel using program mod-
ules and simulation drills, staff the CERCLA component of the National Response
Center, and maintain information systems and records of characteristics for certain
chemicals.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,192,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
These resources provide for safety equipment, response training for USCG personnel,
upgraded capabilities at the National Response Center, and provide field data sys-
tems to support response programs.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted levpl of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $3,674,400 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. 'These
resources supported on-site personnel training, USCG enforcement activities, chem-
ical information systems, and the operation of the National Response Center.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,273,600 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents
an increase of $2,251,600. The increase reflects an acceleration of Superfund
enforcement activities. The DOJ will file and litigate 32 new CERCLA Section 106
cases to compel responsible party site response and 47 new CERCLA Section 107
cases to recover Trust Fund monies expended at sites. Support of cases initiated
in previous years, but still ongoing, will be continued. The DOJ will also defend
the Agency in suits against CERCLA, provide legal advice and assistance in negotia-
tions with parties responsible for hazardous waste conditions, and assist in the
issuance of administrative orders.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,022,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
The DOJ is continuing to file cases to compel responsible party response to hazardous
conditions at waste sites and to recover costs incurred by the Trust Fund at sites
where responsible parties are not responsive. The DOJ is also providing assistance
SF-55
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in negotiations with responsible parties and thp issuance of administrative orders.
In addition, DOJ provides the government defense in cases filed against CERCLA.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
The net increase of +$200,000 results from the following action:
-Reprogramming. (+$200,000) A reprogramming was made to this activity
which was not reportable under the Congressional reprogramming limitations. This
change resulted in a net increase of +$200,000 to the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $2,913,300 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. The DOJ
assisted the Agency in obtaining settlements with responsible parties valued at
approximately $190 million and received 31 cost recovery cases and ten cases to
compel response at hazardous waste sites. The DOJ also provided continued support
for ongoing cases.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $234,000 for this program, all of which will he
for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents -the
same level of funding as 1985. These resources will support FEMA's Regional Re-
sponse Team and provide management support and oversight for temporary and permanent
relocations.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $234,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust 'Fund appropriation. These
resources provide support to the Regional Response Team and provide management
support for temporary and permanent relocations.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of thp 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $600,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources provided management support and oversight for the temporary and perm-
anent relocation of residents from the Times Beach, Missouri and Globe, Arizona
Superfund sites.
SF-56
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY _- RELOCATION
1986 Program Request
The Agency requpsts no funds for this program. This represents the same
level of funding as 1985. Resources for site-specific relocations will be trans-
ferred as required from the Hazardous Spill and Site Response program.
1985 Program
In 1985, no funds are allocated for this program.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $29,874,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources supported the permanent relocation of residents, businesses, and community
facilities from the Times Beach, Missouri and Globe, Arizona Superfund sites.
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $500,000 for this program, all of which will be
for thp Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents the
same level of funding as 1985. These resources will be used by NOAA to provide
and evaluate updated field monitoring methods for sampling and analyzing contamin-
ants discharged into marine environments. The NOAA will continue to conduct spill
simulations at selected ports, to provide updated protective equipment, and to
participate on Regional Response Teams.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $500,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources provide training for the Scientific Response Team, and for the purchase
and maintenance of protective equipment for personnel, and marine sampling equip-
ment.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $251,400 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources were used to conduct spill simulations at selected ports and to modify
field equipment.
SF-57
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DPI)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $355,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents
the same level of funding as 1985. These resources will enable nine DOI bureaus
with expertise in their area of concern to participate more effectively on the
National Response Team. The DOI will continue to coordinate the activities of
these bureaus in support of EPA's basic mission of spill and site response. Funds
will also be used for the development of State and local contingency plans.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $355,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. The DOI
is participating on the Regional and Joint Response Teams by providing damage
assessment expertise.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomp1ishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $315,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources allowed DOI to coordinate the activities of its various bureaus in support
of the basic Superfund mission.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $222,4-00 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. This represents
the same level of funding as 1985. These resources will allow OSHA's Health Re-
sponse Team to provide EPA officials and other response personnel with technical
assistance in protecting workers at Superfund sites and to enforce existing worker
safety standards.
1985 Program
In 1985, the Agency is allocating a total of $222,400 for this program, all
of which will be from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation.
The OSHA is providing technical assistance to EPA officials and other responsible
on-site personnel in protecting workers at Superfund sites.
1985 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted
There is no change from the enacted level of the 1985 Budget.
1984 Accomp1ishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $13,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
SF-58
-------
resources allowed OSHA to provide technical assistance to EPA and other on-site
personnel in protecting workers at Superfund sites and to develop guidelines for
technical assistance and enforcement for hazardous waste site activities.
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Superfund
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funds for 1986.
Program Description
This was a one time Congressionally mandated program to support State hazard-
ous substance activities under Section 3012 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA).
Hazardous Waste Site Inventory — This program provided financial assistance
to States for assessment and inspections of hazardous waste sites under Section
3012 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In 1983, the Congress
earmarked $10,000,000 for these purposes.
HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE INVENTORY
1986 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program.
1985 Program
In 1985, no funds are allocated for this program.
1984 Accomplishments
In 1984, the Agency obligated a total of $332,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund appropriation. These
resources supported State hazardous waste site activities including preliminary
assessments of sites, site inspections, responsible party searches, inventory
completion, and collection of additional information to characterize site problems.
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