-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
In 1982, the President's Budget requests $255 million
for EPA grant programs. This is a decrease of $16.7 million
from 1981, but does not represent any decrease in EPA's commit-
ment to the States. The termination of Section 208 grant
program accounts for the decrease.
The major grant increase in 1982 is an $11.7 million
increase for hazardous waste grants, which is targeted to encour-
age States to accept interim authorization to run their own
hazardous waste programs. Air and drinking water grants remain
essentially at their 1981 levels, with small increases to Section
106, underground injection control, and pesticides enforcement
grants. Solid waste grants decrease by $2 million in the third
year of a planned five year phaseout of the programs.
16
-------
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
EPA's largest expenditure remains the Wastewater Treatment
Construction Grants proqram. In 1982, $3.7 billion is requested
for this program. This is an increase of $395 million over 1981,
An appropriation of $1.0 billion is requested for liquidation of
contract authority.
The Construction Grants program continues to be the main
agency mechanisim to address municipal point source needs. In
1982, EPA will be continuing the transition to overall program
management in contrast to project-by-project management of the
program. State delegation and the use of Corp of Engineer re-
sources will receive the primary emphasis.
With the 1980 amendments to the Clean Water Act, under
Section 205, (g) States can now receive up to 2% of their
authorized level in management assistance grants. In the past,
these grants were based on the appropriation level as opposed to
the authorized level. Since appropriations have been less than
the authorized level in recent years, Section 205(g) grants will
increase for States in both 1981 and 1982.
18
-------
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SUPERFUND
20
-------
635
(Worfcyears)
ERFUND
HI
,-x^^.J
n r^^ 1
-X*"~ •• 1
-^
/r
j
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
FY82
President's
Budget
$ (Mil I ions)
-0-
FY80
Actuals
7&0
250.0
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
Budget
-------
SUPERFUND MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The President's 1982 Budget includes $250 million for imple-
mentation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act of 1980 which was passed by the Congress and
signed into law by the President on December 11, 1980. The budget
is, however, based on preliminary assessments of staffing and
budget resources required. Should additional needs be demonstrated,
this administration would consider amending the request.
This act, commonly known as Superfund, requires the Federal
government to assume the major responsibility for responding to
the expanding litany of environmental problems caused by the
existence of abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
and spills.
Specifically, the legislation gives the Federal government
the responsibility to carry out the following major functions:
• Emergency response to hazardous substance spills in all
media.
• Emergency response to uncontrolled and abandoned hazardous
waste sites posing an imminent danger to public and environ
mental health and welfare.
• Long-term remedial and containment actions at sites where
the responsible party cannot be identified or refuses to
take appropriate remedial action.
• Assessment of damages to natural resources on lands owned
by any governmental entity and payment of claims against
the fund for damage to these areas.
• Revision of the existing National Contingency Plan to
include definitive guidelines on methods of site discovery,
conduct of investigations for use in enforcement actions,
conduct of evaluation of alternative remedial action,
and defining the roles of the various Federal, State, and
local jurisdictions involved in implementing the Act.
• Conduct of enforcement activities designed to identify
parties responsible for the existence of hazardous waste
sites and spills and convince these parties to undertake
acceptable remedial action.
• Pursuit of claims actions against liable parties to recover
costs incurred by Federal or State agencies for clean-up
actions at sites and spills.
22
-------
The Superfund program is financed over a period of
five years through a combination of taxes levied against
chemical manufacturers totaling $1.38 billion and a legis-
lative appropriation of $.22 billion. The appropriation
includes three major functions: 1) Hazardous Substance
Response Actions; 2) Assessing and Replacing Natural Re-
sources; and 3) Operations Support.
For 1981 a supplemental appropriation has been requested
for a total of $78 million and 142 workyears for the Superfund
program. The emphasis of the program will be to carry out the
following activities necessary for initial implementation of
the Act:
• Hazardous Substance Response; 92 workyears; $58.5
million
Revision of the National Contingency Plan.
- Promulgation of key regulations.
Development of training programs for field
personnel.
Development of overall program guidance and
interagency coordination; initiation of State
activities.
- Expansion of response activities and develop-
ment and implementation of remedial action
program.
- Development of claims program for response
costs.
• Assessing and Replacing Natural Resources; $3.25
million
- Develop protocols for assessing damage to
'natural resources.
Develop scientific base for determing the
cost effectiveness of alternative environ-
mental restoration techniques such as reveg-
etation and ground water reclamation.
Payment of claims against the Fund for damage
to natural resources.
23
-------
• Operations Support; 50 workyears; $16.25 million
Development of fund management, contracting,
and financial control mechanisms.
Renovation of existing laboratories to support
expanded Superfund requirements.
Provision of policy direction and analysis
specifically related to the Superfund program.
The Agency has requested a total of 635 workyears and $250
million in 1982 for Superfund, which will be the first year of
full operation for the program. The following activities will
be emphasized:
• Hazardous Substance Response; 465 workyears; $206
million
- Expanded response and removal actions at
priority sites and spills.
Expanded remedial actions.
Expanded enforcement activities, especially
in the area of cost recovery for Federal
remedial actions undertaken.
Payment of claims for response actions.
• Assessing and Replacing Natural Resources; $7.85
million
Continued development of protocols for
assessing natural resource damage.
Development of additional scientific bases
on the relative cost-effectiveness of alterna-
tive restoration techniques.
- Continued payment of claims against the Fund
for natural resource damage.
• Operations Support; 170 workyears; $36.15 million
- Provision of policy direction and analysis
specifically related to the Superfund program.
Expanded Inspector General activities,
especially in the area of contract auditing.
Conduct of economic analysis dealing with the
effects of Superfund.
Financial analysis of the condition of the Fund.
24
-------
OPERATING PROGRAM MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
25
-------
Air
(Worfcyears)
IS 09
r^ I
FY8O
Actuals
1,827
FY81
Current
Estimate
1,913
r""
+$6
FY82
President's
Budget
190 J
S (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
155.2
rl rl
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
Budget
-------
AIR MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The purpose of EPA's air pollution control program is
to protect the public's health and welfare from the harmful
effects of air pollution and to ensure that existing clean
air areas are protected from significant deterioration.
The Clean Air Act mandates several approaches that EPA must
follow to achieve its purposes, the most important of which
is the setting of national ambient air quality standards
and to require each State to submit a plan to assure
attainment of those standards. The plan must provide for
attainment of standards as soon as practicable, but not
later than December 1982, with extensions until 1987 for
certain cases involving attainment of ozone and carbon
monoxide standards.
EPA's major efforts in 1981 are directed toward ensur-
ing that air quality standards will be met as expeditiously
as possible through the State Implementation Plans (SIP).
EPA is placing particular emphasis on those areas granted
extensions to ensure that necessary measures are developed
and implemented including inspection/maintenance. In
addition, the Agency will carry several other major activities
during 1981:
• Providing control technique guidance for uncontrol-
led sources of Volatile Organic Compounds for
__ inclusion in the 1982 State Implementation Plans.
• Listing and developing emission limitations for
additional hazardous air pollutants.
• Working with States and industries to incorporate
regulatory reform measures such as "bubble" and
banking in State Implementation Plans.
During 1981, EPA's research into health effects of air
pollution will continue to concentrate on assessing actual
human exposure. In enforcement, most of the cases under
the major source enforcement effort will be near com-
pletion. EPA's enforcement program will also begin to
assess noncompliance penalties under Section 120 of the
Clean Air Act. These penalties will remove the economic
incentives for sources to continue to pollute.
In 1982, EPA's Air program will continue to focus its
attention on those areas of the country requiring exten-
sions until 1987 to attain air quality standards. In
addition, new initiatives will be undertaken in controlling
toxic air pollutants, and ensuring that sources remain in
continuous compliance.
27
-------
On the whole, the Air program, with resources of 1,827
workyears and $248.2 million in 1981, is increased by 86 workyears
and $7.0 million in 1982. The highlights of changes to the Air
program are as follows:
• Increased Regional Resources to Deal with New Air
Pollution Problems; EPA is concerned about the
increasing implications of air as a pathway for
exposure to toxic pollutants. In 1982, the
Regions will be increased by 26 workyears and
$3.3 million to begin to deal with problems of
toxic air pollution. Particular emphasis will be
placed on emissions from large incinerators which
are expected to be used increasingly for hazard-
ous as well as conventional waste and on localized
concentrations of industry. In addition, the
Regions will increase their efforts to incor-
porate EPA's banking and bubble policies into
their SIPs whenever possible. Finally, special
emphasis will be placed on the review of SC>2 SIPs
to ensure that sulfur limit relaxations do not
cause violations of 302 standards.
• Increased Enforcement Resources will Fund a Con-
tinuous Compliance Initiative; As major sources
come into initial compliance through the major
source enforcement effort, EPA wants to ensure
that the country realizes full air quality benefits.
An_-increase of 45 workyears and $2.4 million will
primarily fund a major new initiative in 1982 which
will enable EPA to ensure that sources remain in
compliance on a continuous basis.
• Acid Rain; EPA recognizes the growing public
concern about acid rain and its effects on Canada
and the Northeast. In 1982 EPA will allocate 7
workyears and $888 thousand within the Air pro-
gram to begin evaluating alternative strategies
for the control of acid rain and begin to formu-
late regulatory approaches to deal with this
problem.
• Air Pollution Control Grants to State and Local
Control Agencies Will Remain Stable at $87.7'
million in 1982; EPA will continue its support
to State and local governments during 1982.
These grants provide funding to States to develop
and implement their air pollution control pro-
grams .
28
-------
(Worfcyears)
3,03^)
rl
FY80
Actuals
Water Quality
2/158
FY81
Current
X857
s
FY82
President's
Budget
$ (Mi 11 ions)
FY80
Actuals
H
i
n
1^7.5
^
FY81
Current
Estimate
I _
FY82
President's
Budget
29
-------
WATER QUALITY MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The purpose of EPA's water quality program is to restore and
maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the
Nation's waters. To achieve this end, the Clean Water Act of 1977
(CWA) has both technology-based controls and institutional planning
mechanisms. In 1982, water quality programs will emphasize the
implementation stage of programs authorized and established by the
Clean Water Act.
Regulations and planning which established the foundation for
control programs are largely in place. For example, initial Water
Quality Management plans have been certified and approved; industrial
effluent guidelines for controlling toxic discharges and water quality
criteria for toxic pollutants will be completed in 1982; and much
of the delegation of program management functions to the States will
be achieved. EPA will therefore encourage implementation of control
measures at the State level through an integrated Federal/State
water quality planning and management process.
Accordingly, 1982 Water Quality resources are reduced by 102
workyears and $47.3 million to a level of 2,857 workyears and $297.5
million. Within the program, resources are shifted to implementation
and enforcement activities.
The highlights of the President's 1982 Budget changes to the
Water Quality program are as follows:
• Reduction of Regulatory Effort; The industrial effluent
guideline effort is reduced by $10.1 million and 9.1
workyears to reflect the completion of most of the major
regulatory development portion of the program by 1982.
• Reduction in Research Effort; The Agency's investment
in water quality research was reduced by $8.6 million
and 34 workyears to reflect the wind-down of research
related to effluent guidelines and the completion of
studies for the Chesapeake Bay and Clean Lakes.
• Termination of Section 208 State and Areawide Planning
Program; Section 208 State and areawide planning grants,
which in 1981 are funded at the $34 million level, will be
terminated. - The Department of Agriculture will continue to
support agricultural non-point source pollution control
activities. At their discretion, States may use Section
106 grants for high priority non-point source activities.
The budget targets $7 million in State 106 grants for compre-
hensive groundwater management program development projects.
EPA resources which manage the 208 program also decline
by $3.1 million and by 81.1 workyears.
30
-------
Shift in Construction Grants Management; A decrease of
35 workyears, reflecting progressive state delegation of
the program, was offset by increases of $1.0 million and
10 workyears to evaluate applications for waivers of
secondary treatment requirements for communities with
ocean outfalls. In addition, an increase of $1.3 million
for the Corps of Engineers agreement for construction
management and a small increase of 8 workyears
for operation and management activities are provided.
Increase in Enforcement; Resources in enforcement are in-
creased by $3.1 million and 55 workyears for implementation
of the industrial toxics control program (1) through the
permit issuance process at the state and federal levels and
(2) through the pretreatment programs, which control
those industrial sources of pollution that discharge into
Publicly Owned Treatment Works. These resources will also
provide for an increase in investigations of alleged criminal
violations of the Clean Water Act.
Increase in Water Quality Standards; The Agency is increasing
the Water Quality Standards program by $1.4 million and 18
permanent workyears to reflect its commitment to improve
State programs and encourage State standards for toxic
pollutants. This program will emphasize developing and
implementing attainable site specific water quality standards.
Increase in Ocean Disposal; The Ocean Disposal program is
increased by $3.1 million to study and survey additional
ocean dumpsites being considered for designation (this
includes EIS preparation).
Increase in State Grants; Section 106 grants to the States
for water quality management are increased by $2.1 million.
The Budget targets $7 million of the Section 106 grants to
fund comprehensive groundwater management program development
previously funded under 208 grants. Other new implementation
activities which the states are assuming include monitoring
for toxic pollutants, dredge and fill, water quality standards
and second round permitting and enforcement. The Budget
targets several activities, currently supported by Section
106 grants, to be supported with Section 205 (g) funds in
those States which have signed construction grants delegation
agreements.
Note: When adjusted for Superfund, Water Quality decreases by 66
workyears and $41.9 million in 1982.
31
-------
Drinking Water
CWorkyears)
FY8O
Actuals
53S
FY81
Current
550
FY82
President's
Budget
82/I
$ (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
94.0
rn
FY81
Current
Estimate
-+7.7
FY82
President's
Budget
32
-------
DRINKING WATER MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
State and local governments have the primary responsibility
for ensuring the safety of drinking water. Through the Safe
Drinking Water Act, Congress has defined the Federal role as one
of setting national standards and providing technical and
financial assistance to State and local efforts. Specifically,
the Act authorizes EPA: 1) to promulgate primary and secondary
drinking water regulations specifying maximum permissible
contaminant levels; 2) to develop public water system supervision
programs to assure compliance with regulations; 3) to establish
programs to protect underground drinking water sources from
contamination by well injection; 4) to provide Federal protection
of aquifers identified as sole or principal sources of drinking
water; and 5) to provide emergency assistance.
During 1981 EPA is directing its efforts primarily toward
developing revised primary drinking water regulations and
assisting the States in the development of approvable programs
to protect underground sources. The Agency will continue
research on the health effects of organic, inorganic, and
microbiological contaminants. A major project during the year
is to formulate and begin implementing a national policy to
protect groundwater as a distinct and valuable natural resource.
The President's 1982 Budget increases the Drinking Water
program by 15 workyears and $7.7 million. The increases include:
• "?2.0 million for State and local assistance to support
State underground injection control programs;
• $1.9 million and 20 workyears to support nationwide
implementation of the underground injection control
program and coordinated groundwater protection programs;
• $3.6 million and 7 workyears to perform research related
to groundwater protection; and
• $0.6 million and 9 workyears for a regulatory program to
control additives to drinking water and 3 workyears for
the groundwater initiative.
These increases are offset by a decline of $500 thousand and
24 workyears for the public water supply program, which is now
delegated in 51 States.
33
-------
Hazardous
Waste
(Worfcyears)
FY8O
Actuals
655
i
713
FY 81 FY 82
Current President's
Estimate Budget
I09.S
$ (Millions^
FY80
Actuals
154/7
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
34
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The goals of the Hazardous Waste program are to ensure
that hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes are disposed
of in environmentally sound ways and to conserve natural
resources through the recovery of wastes. The Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) provides the
mandate and authority for accomplishing these goals. EPA's
strategy for addressing these goals is two-fold: implementation
of a regulatory program for controlling hazardous waste and
managing non-hazardous waste through Subtitle C and D of
RCRA; and implementation of the interim uncontrolled hazardous
waste site program established in 1979 to address the problem
of abandoned, inactive or potentially inactive sites not
specifically regulated under RCRA. These uncontrolled
waste site activities will be absorbed, expanded and supported
by the Superfund, and resources devoted to these activities
in FY 1982 have been transferred from Hazardous Waste to
Superfund.
The Agency will focus its efforts in 1981 on the prelim-
inary stages for implementation—authorization of States'
programs, the manifest system, and interim status standards.
The second set of regulations (or Phase II) to be promulgated
in 1981, will establish the initial standards governing the
operation-of hazardous waste management facilities. Full
permitting of these facilities will proceed in earnest when
the regulations become effective.
After adjusting for Superfund, the Hazardous Waste
program received a net increase of 41 workyears and $21.4
million in 1982 to support RCRA implementation activities.
Highlights of the President's Budget changes to the program
for 1982 are as follows.
• Field implementation for hazardous waste management
decreases 23 permanent workyears and $0.3 million,
reflecting the transfer of responsibility for
State-EPA agreement negotiation activities within
the Agency and a reduction in contract funds for
permit support.
• Resources for field implementation for nonhazardous
waste decrease $300 thousand and 10 workyears. This
decrease, along with EPA's phase-out of Federal
financial assistance under Subtitle D of RCRA,
reflects the Agency's strategy to move the States
towards selfsupporting programs for non-hazardous
waste disposal and recovery.
• Extramural resources for regulatory development and
analysis increase by $4.3 million. These funds
will enable the agency to intensify industrial
35
-------
waste evaluations to serve as the basis for future
refinements of the RCRA Subtitle C hazardous
waste regulations and will support analysis of
the actual impacts of the new regulations on affected
industries and the public.
• Financial assistance to States for hazardous waste
management increases by $11.7 million, to $41.7
million in 1982. Included in this increase are 90
workyears for a State Assignee program.
These funds will aid the States in developing and
implementing hazardous waste management programs
to control hazardous waste generation, transportation,
treatment, storage, and disposal.
• Financial assistance to States for solid waste manage-
ment decreases by $2.0 million, to $6.0 million in
1982. This decrease represents the third year of
the planned five year phase-out of Subtitle D grant
funding, as State programs mature toward self-support-
ing programs.
• Financial assistance to urban communities for re-
source recovery system planning increases by $2.6
million, in order to provide full project funding
for-the 61 participating communities and, thereby,
assure continued national progress towards resource
recovery.
• The hazardous waste enforcement program increases
by 29 workyears and $1.6 million. These resources
will be used to provide increased capability to
ensure that all applicable facilities comply with
standards established under RCRA; to regulate through
permitting and enforcement actions; and to ensure
the safe transportation, treatment, storage, and
disposal of solid and hazardous wastes.
• Resources for hazardous waste research increase by
41 permanent workyears and $2.7 million in 1982 to
support:
an intensive effort to establish techniques
that will provide a sound scientific and
legal basis for data required by the RCRA
regulations; and
research to support RCRA regulation develop-
ment for land fill, land treatment and
thermal destruction
Note: When adjusted for Superfund, Hazardous Waste
increases by 41 workyears and $21.4 million in
1982. 36
-------
FY81 82
THE AGENCY HAS MOVED
SUBSTANTIAL RESOURCES TO
THE HAZARDOUS WASTE
PROGRAM
... WITH SUPERFUND IT INCREASES
EVEN MORE
HAZARDOUS WASTE RESOURCES
FY78-82 1 '27S
(WORKYEARS)
312
112 147
I !
FY78 FY79 FY80
$(MILLJCNS)
68.7
15.3 31'*
I 1 I
FY78 FY79 FY80
917
y/ /^y
w/w/Ts////.
e/ff)
542
FY81
210.7
H
MW/y/'/
S3.7
FY81
Ml
HI
640
FY82
370.4
•
mi.
120 4
FY82
37
-------
I,OI7
CWorkyean)
FY80
Actuals
Pesticides
912
i-39
FY81
Current
FY82
President's
Budget
70.5
$ (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
69.5
72J
n
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
Budget
-------
PESTICIDES MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The objective of EPA's Pesticides program is to protect
public health and the environment from unreasonable pesticide
risks while allowing the introduction of necessary pest
control technologies. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended by the Federal
Pesticide Act of 1978, authorizes: (1) review of existing and
new pesticide products, which provides the principal means
of safeguarding public health; (2) pesticide use management
which assists coordination of all pesticide programs through
consultation and the exchange of information and technical
advice among Federal, State and local officials; (3) enforce-
ment of pesticide supply and use, with emphasis on Federal/
State cooperation; and (4) research and development, which
evaluates overall human health and environmental hazards
from pesticides.
The Federal Pesticide Act of 1978 streamlined the product
review process, allowing the Agency to increase and improve
its regulatory decision making options. Major innovations
in the review and registration approach include generic
pesticide registration (registration standards), which entails
a comprehensive evaluation of risks and benefits of an active
ingredient common to numerous pesticide products; conditional
registration, which allows new products similar to those
already registered, as well as certain new chemicals which
do not present unreasonable risks, to come to market; and
the elimination of legal obstacles hindering the registration
process and blocking entry of new products to the market.
During 1981, the pesticides program will emphasize the
development of registration standards. In 1980 six registra-
tion standards were completed. In 1981 the program expects
to initiate an additional 20 standards, and at least 13 regis-
tration standards are expected to be completed. The rebut-
table presumption against registration (RPAR) process, in
which suspect chemicals are subjected to focused risk/benefit
analysis and alternative chemical comparisons, is expected
to reach final resolution on 12 chemicals in 1981.
The program will continue to establish pesticide residue
tolerances on food and feed commodities; place priority on
innovative, environmentally protective pesticides and biora-
tionals; conduct the applicator certification and training
program through cooperative grants with State agencies; develop
exposure data to pesticides; and enforce the provisions of
FIFRA and the Federal Pesticides Act of 1978.
The 1982 President's Budget increases Pesticides by $2.6
million to $72.1 million but reduces workyears by 38 to 874
workyears. The highlights of the President's Budget changes
to the Pesticides program are summarized below:
39
-------
Registration Standards Program Reduced; The
Registration Standards program is reduced by 18
workyears (five of these in research) and $800
thousand. This reflects the decision to await
pending evaluation of the first round of standards
and the outcome of significant court cases.
Registration Program Resources Reduced; Resources
for the Registration program are reduced by $143
thousand and 13 workyears in anticipation of
productivity improvements.
RPAR Increased; The Rebuttable Presumption Against
Registration (RPAR) program is increased by $6.5
million. The program will focus the additional
extramural resources on contracts to provide
exposure analyses, benefit analysis and other
analysis associated with risk/benefit assessments
of suspect chemicals or groups of suspect chemicals.
Enforcement Grants Increased; The pesticide Enforce-
ment grants have been increased by $782 thousand,
restoring the program to approximately its 1980
level.
Certification and Training Reduced; The Pesticide
Certification and Training grants have been reduced
by $500 thousand. However, States will be permitted
to make up this shortfall by imposing fees on com-
mercial applicators (not farmers) for certification
and training services.
40
-------
Radiation
191
(Worfcyears)
FY80
Actuals
2IS
FY81
Current
Estimate
206
FY82
President's
Budget
15,3
$ (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
Estimate
!7,0
-v -
FY82
President's
Budget
41
-------
RADIATION MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The Radiation program's major emphasis is to minimize
the exposure of persons to ionizing radiation, whether from
naturally occurring sources, from medical or industrial
applications or nuclear power sources. While some expo-
sure to radiation is inevitable, EPA takes the position
that no avoidable risk attributable to such exposure should
occur to individuals or to the environment without offset-
ting benefits. EPA pursues this protective goal through
three interdependent sets of activities:
• development of criteria, standards and guidelines;
• assessment of the environmental impact of other
Federal agency projects and programs; and
• surveillance of radiation levels in the environ-
ment.
EPA's authority to protect the public health and
environment from adverse effects of radiation exposure de-
rives from several legislative mandates. Included in these
legislative mandates are the Atomic Energy Act, the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Resource Conservation
and Recovery-Act, the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation
Control Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the
Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act, the Safe
Drinking Water Act, the Public Health Service Act, and the
National Environmental Policy Act.
In 1981, the program will focus on three regulatory
areas: radioactive waste disposal, Federal Guidance, and
control of airborne radionuclides under the Clean Air Act.
Additionally, emphasis will be placed on technical support
to the regions and States in the development, review, and
testing of radiological emergency response plans. Finally,
efforts to characterize the problem of indoor radon will
continue, based on .those initiated in 1980.
The President's 1982 Budget decreases the program by
$2.2 million and 12 workyears to a program level of 258 work-
years and $17 million. Highlights of the 1982 program are
as follows:
• Emphasis on the Management of Radioactive Waste,
Development of Federal Radiation Guidance, and the
Control of Airborne Radionuclides Will Continue:
Efforts to provide standards and guidance will
continue with greater emphasis placed on the
development of standards for disposal of low level
radioactive wastes.
42
-------
• Technical Support to the States Will Continue;
The program will continue to provide the States
with support in the review and testing of emergency
response plans.
• Special Laboratory Analysis Will Increase; The
program provides laboratory and analytic support
to other EPA and State programs in their dealings
with radiological problems. This support is ex-
pected to increase in 1982.
• Radiological Emergency Capability Will Continue;
The current capability of the Agency to respond to
such radiological emergencies as Three Mile Island
will be maintained.
• Indoor Radon Responsibilities are Shifted; Indoor
radon is recognized as a major environmental
health problem and one which could become signifi-
cantly worse through improperly applied energy
conservation practices. In 1982 primary responsi-
bility for this work has been shifted to EPA's
Office of Research and Development and to the De-
partment of Energy. This shift in responsibility
accounts for a $1.4 million and 17 workyear decrease
in program resources.
43
-------
Noise
97
(Worfcy«ars)
91
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
Budget
$ (Mil I ions)
FY SO
Actuals
FY 81
Current
Estimate
FY 82
President's
Budget
-------
NOISE MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
Consistent with the policy set forth in the Noise Con-
trol Act of 1972, as amended by the Quiet Communities Act
of 1978, the overall objective of the noise program is to
achieve an environment free from noise which jeopardizes
public health or welfare. EPA is authorized to achieve
this goal by setting noise emission standards, providing
financial and technical assistance to State and local
jurisdictions, and coordinatting Federal noise related
research and control activities.
In 1981, work will continue on several auditory and
non-auditory health effects studies, three of which should
be completed. The Agency will continue to emphasize
assistance to States and localities through Technical
Assistance Centers (TACs), Each Community Helps Others
(ECHO) programs, and demonstration programs. Special
emphasis will also be placed on the development of support-
ing information for the implementation of alternative
strategies for aviation noise abatement and control. In
addition, three regulations will be published: revision
of the medium/heavy truck regulation, proposal of a
labeling regulation, and development of a final regulation
for wheel and crawler tractors.
Overall, the President's budget increases the noise
program by $35.2 thousand for a 1982 program level of
94 workyears and $12.8 million. This slight net increase
results from a decrease of $320 thousand in a number
of program activities and a $355.2 thousand increase in
enforcement activities.
Highlights of the 1982 Noise program are as follows:
• Health Effects Research Continues; Current infor-
mation indicates that the non-auditory effects of
noise may cause more serious health effects than
previously recognized. In order to determine the
seriousness of this danger to the public health,
the program's research efforts will focus on non-
auditory effects.
• Assistance to States and Localities Continues;
Cooperative agreements will remain at the 1981
level. Three additional states are expected to
assume responsibility for the ECHO program. Pri-
vate sector funding will be sought to meet State
and local printing and distribution needs of gene-
ral public education information.
45
-------
• Support to Aviation Noise Control; Based on infor-
mation developed in 1981, EPA will develop and
publish an aviation report delineating the several
strategies investigated. Recommendations for
national implementation and resultant costs and bene-
fits will be included.
• Regulatory Efforts; Two regulations will be pro-
mulgated and one labeling regulation proposed.
Work on revisions of present regulations will con-
tinue.
• Enforcement Efforts Will Increase; The regulations
promulgated by the program must now be enforced if
they are to benefit the public health. The in-
crease of $355.2 thousand in enforcement resources
will enable the program to make a stronger effort
in its mission to protect the public.
46
-------
Interdisciplinary
CWorky«ars)
116
FY 80
Actuals
115
FY81
Current
FY82
President's
Budget
$ (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
10,9
n
FY81
Current
FY 82
President's
Budget
47
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The Interdisciplinary program is composed of programs
which cut across media lines and serve to integrate the
Agency's research and regulatory functions. EPA employs
this intermedia approach in several research and develop-
ment programs where the problems, tools, and results are
multidisciplinary in nature. The Agency's programs of
exploratory research, environmental workforce development,
and minority institutions research support are included in
the interdisciplinary media. This cross-media concept is
also applied to those areas of the environmental impact
statement and permitting programs in which the identifica-
tion of impacts in all areas is important.
In 1982, the Office of Exploratory Research will con-
tinue work to develop environmental indicators to identify
changes in environmental quality and to quantify the bene-
fits of environmental quality controls. The Agency will also
strengthen its commitment to accelerating its review and
permitting of energy projects.
The president's 1982 budget provides 144 workyears and
$16 million for the Interdisciplinary program. The high-
lights of the 1982 President's Budget for the Interdisci-
plinary program are as follows:
• Increased Support for Energy Facility Review and
Permitting; An increase of 22 workyears and $4.4
million is provided for the environmental review
and permitting of new energy facilities. The Agency
will accelerate the issuance of its permits for
energy projects and will aid other federal agencies
in their preparation of environmental impact state-
ments for new energy projects.
• Continued Support for other Environmental Impact
Statements; The budget continues funding at the
1981 level for the preparation and review of
environmental impact statements for all major
federal actions having significant environmental
impacts.
• Continued Support for Exploratory Research; The
Office of Research and Development will continue
to develop methods for predicting and measuring
benefits of environmental controls. Workyears
will decrease in 1982 by six.
• Expansion of the Senior Environmental Employment
Corps; The Agency will expand this program by 2
workyears to enable more states to benefit from
the expertise of retired environmental profes-
sionals.
48
-------
Toxic Substances
797
750
(Workyeare)
593
rr.._ri
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
FY82
President's
Budget
I06J
qo,i
$ (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
Budget
4C.
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The purpose of EPA's Toxics Substances program is to
identify, control, and reduce risks to the public posed by
certain chemical substances and mixtures in all phases of
their manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal. EPA
was charged with this responsibility by Congress when it
passed the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976.
Primary responsibility for the implementation of TSCA
rests with the Office of Pesticides and Toxics Substances
(OPTS). This office develops and implements EPA's strategies
to control potential toxic related hazards. These strategies
are designed to develop regulatory and non-regulatory
approaches that provide strong continuing incentives for
the private sector to achieve the TSCA goals of protecting
public health and the environment.
OPTS is supported in its toxic substances control
program by the Office of Research and Development (ORD).
The toxics research program is planned to help support
OPTS's multi-stage risk assessment process, which is designed
to systematically select chemicals for increasingly detailed
levels of analysis. ORD's main focus is the development and
refinement of testing and assessment methodologies for
both exposure and effects data.
OPTS also receives support from the Office of Enforcement,
whose enforcement program concentrates its efforts to
(1) prevent or abate public health and environmental threats
from chemical contamination, particularly in emergency
situations; (2) ensure that data used to make regulatory
judgements are accurate, comprehensive, and timely; and
(3) monitor compliance with existing standards to determine
that regulated chemicals are manufactured, handled, and
used in accordance with the law.
In addition to its TSCA responsibilities, the Office
of Toxics Integration, in conjunction with 0PM, has under-
taken a toxics integration program which has the following
four goals:
(1) to establish unified multi-media chemical risk
assessments to serve several Agency programs
simultaneously;
(2) to develop a list of the most significant toxic
chemicals and their exposure routes;
(3) to develop a process for identifying the principal
exposure routes of a chemical the Agency targets
50
-------
for control and "closing-out" EPA's effort on less
significant exposure routes; and
(4) to develop decision criteria for the future selection
of toxic chemicals of concern.
Overall, the 1982 President's Budget contains $107.6
million and 797 workyears for EPA's Toxic Substances
control efforts. This represents an increase of $922
thousand and 47 workyears over the 1981 resource level.
The highlights of the President's Budget changes to the
toxics program are as follows:
• Assessment of New Chemicals Given Highest Priority;
An increase of 13 workyears will primarily support
the high priority given to the testing and assess-
ment of new chemicals. Additional activities
will include providing support to the testing
and assessment of existing chemicals.
• Increased Empahsis on Premanufacture Review; The
preraanufacture review process will receive the
majority of the 18 workyear increase to the
— Chemical Control program. OPTS estimates a work-
load of 800 new chemicals for review in 1982.
• information Integration Decreases; The 1982
President's Budget proposes a decrease for this
program of $1.2 million. The decrease reduces
intervenor and public participation grants.
High priority will continue to be given to
implementation of the Agency toxics integration
strategy as well as continued support to testing,
premanufacture review, risk assessments, and
chemical control regulation development.
• Toxics Research Increases; The President's 1982
Budget includes a request for an additional $2.3
million to support toxics research. The main
- thrust of this increase will be: 1) the establish-
ment of a quality assurance program specifically
tailored to toxics regulatory and enforcement
activities; and 2) the resumption of health
effects studies in the areas of neurotoxicology
and genetic toxicology where data is limited.
• Increased Emphasis on Toxics Enforcement; An in-
crease of 27 workyears and $68 thousand is requested
in the President's 1982 Budget to handle the
larger workload expected. This is primarily due
to an increase in the number of rules promulgated
under TSCA that require enforcement in 1982.
-------
FY81 82
TOXIC SUBSTANCES HAS BEEN
HELD EVEN AFTER SIX YEARS
OF GROWTH
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TRENDS
(FY77-82)
(WORKYEARS)
796
275
317
556
657
TV
i
If* 1
k
FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82
106.7 107.6
S(MILLIONS)
52.4
8.3
FY77
22.8
FY78
94.6
+9
t
FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82
52
-------
Energy
rsa
(Worfcyeara)
FY80
Actuals
m
FY 81
Current
FY 82
President's
503/J
$ (Mil I ions)
FY80
Actuals
106.6
96,9
FY81
Current
FY82
President's
Budget
53
-------
ENERGY MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
EPA's energy research and development program is part
of a national effort to. increase domestic energy production
without sacrificing environmental quality. This effort is
divided into two segments. The control technology program
provides environmental control options for energy production
and use practices which cause significant health or environ-
mental damage. The health and environmental effects program
conducts research on the behavior and effects of energy-related
pollutants in the environment. Information gained through
this research provides the data base necessary for the Agency
to establish regulations encouraging the use of environmentally
acceptable practices in the production and use of domestic
energy resources.
EPA will continue to examine the environmental effects
of new energy technologies and to recommend compatible
pollution controls. An expanded program will focus on both
acid rain effects and controls.
The President's 1982 Budget decreases the energy program
overall by $9.7 million but increases workyears by 1.8 to
a program level of 142 workyears and $96.8 million. This
decrease will eliminate municipal spills work and energy-related
health effects research in toxics and drinking water in lieu
of on-going research in the appropriate medium. The major
items in the energy program are:
• Increased Resources for Acid Rain; Following the
recommendations of an Interagency Task Force, EPA's
investment in acid rain research and development
will increase by $1.9 million.
• SOX and NOX Control; An increase of $600 thousand will
allow EPA to test and evaluate the LIMB process, a
less expensive method to simultaneously control
Sulphur Nitrogen emissions from coal-fired boilers.
• Hazardous and Toxic Spills; An increase of $369
thousand will allow EPA to develop protocols guiding
clean up of hazardous and toxic spills involving
petroleum.
• Indoor Air Pollution Research Continues; Recent
research has shown that the concentration for some
air pollutants, such as radon, is dangerously high
inside buildings. The problem is exacerberated by
decreased ventilation rates in energy efficient
buildings. EPA will conduct additional research to
develop control measures for these pollutants.
54
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Management
& Support
(Worfcyeara)
2,676
•HOI
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
FY82
President's
Budget
263.6
203,3
$ (Mil I ions)
i
FY80
Actuals
FY81
Current
Estimate
FY82
President's
Budget
55
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
The management and support program provides the executive
direction for all EPA programs, management activities-, and those
management and support services not associated directly with a
particular programmatic activity.
Policy activities include overall policy development and
direction, legal services, and the functions of the Office of the
Inspector General. Program management includes direction and
management of the Agency's major regulatory, enforcement compliance,
and research and development programs. Management activities are
centralized functions necessary for agencywide operations and
include planning and evaluation, resources and financial management,
personnel administration, contracts placement, and other adminis-
trative services. Support services encompass the costs of common
office and laboratory services, utilities, building operations and
maintenance, communications, rent and centralized ADP services.
Building and Facilities includes the design and construction of
new EPA-owned facilities and repairs and improvements to existing
facilities. The scope of these agencywide management and support
activities is determined by the programs they serve.
The 1981 management and support program places emphasis on
strengthening headquarters and regional analytical activities, aug-
menting administrative and support services to accommodate program
expansion, improving management of the Agency's information systems,
and upgrading EPA facilities to correct health and safety problems.
The president's 1982 Budget increases the resources for the
management and support program, including buildings and facilities,
by 101 workyears and $44.7 million. The changes proposed for 1982
support the continuation and strengthening of the efforts cited
above and are highlighted below.
• Increase in the Office of Enforcement; This increase
includes 10 workyears and $336 thousand to expand a
policy analysis and strategy development capacity, which
will further the Agency's efforts to develop a multi-media
enforcement.strategy and integrate enforcement information.
• Continued Support for the Agency's Analytic Activities in
Headquarters; Planning and Evaluation has been increased by
44 workyears and $10.6 million to implement an integrated
toxic substances regulatory strategy across EPA programs;
to enhance our statistical capability in regulation
development; and, to strengthen management control over
the information collection requirements directed by the
Administration and Congress.
56
-------
• Increased Emphasis on Analytic Activities in the Regions;
An increase of 10 workyears and $769 thousand is provided
to strengthen regional analytic capability to develop
integrated environmental programs and coordinated regional
involvement in the regulatory reform process. This
increase reflects an internal shift of resources within
EPA.
• Strengthening Our Ability to Work With the States; Approxi-
mately $1 million and 25 workyears from other regional
components are centralized to strengthen our management
of the State/EPA Agreements process by developing a
common management agenda which expresses the high priority
concerns of both EPA and the states.
• Improving Management of the Agency's Information
Resources; An increase of 16 workyears and $480 thousand
is provided to complete an initiative begun in FY 1981
aimed at enhancing central design and management of our
information systems so that cross-media information
resources, particularly critical in the toxics and
hazardous waste areas, may be integrated.
• Buildings and Facilities; An increase of $2.5 million is
made to correct health and safety deficiencies in EPA
laboratories and to undertake major modifications of
several EPA laboratories permitting performance of the
high hazard sample analysis required by the toxic substances
and hazardous waste programs.
• Support Services; Headquarters support services are
increased by $18.7 million and laboratory support
services are increased by $2.2 million to offset cost
increases for office and building services, and space.
Resources in the amount of $7.7 million are included to
support a major ADP procurement required under A-109 to
meet the'Agency's system needs over the next ten years.
Regional support services decrease by $390 thousand due
to nonrecurring equipment purchases and space alterations.
NOTE: When adjusted for the Superfund transfer, the management
and support program increases 115 workyears and $45.5
million in 1982.
57
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
58
-------
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60
-------
STATE AND LOCAL GRANTS
The President's 1982 Budget decreases EPA's State and
local grants program by $16.8 million from a 1981 level of
$272.4 million to $255.6 million. EPA depends on grants
to the States and local agencies to fulfill a large part
of its environmental mission, and since 1977 we have increased
grants to State and local governments by $96.1 million.
This year's reduction does not represent any decrease in
our commitment to our state partners—it reflects the
programmatic termination of the Section 208 areawide planning
grants.
EPA is in its second year of negotiating State-EPA agree-
ments, using grant negotiation as a mechanism to integrate
environmental planning through top-management agreements
on goals, priorities, and funding. Most of the grant
increases shall be used for innovative mechanisms to achieve
environmental goals. We are also proposing legislation
for the Integrated Environmental Assistance Act, which
would help States integrate Federal environmental programs
with their own efforts by giving them flexibility to reallocate
funds among the various grant programs.
The following highlights summarize changes to each of
the Agency's grant programs for 1982.
• Air; The 1982 Budget holds financial support to State
and local air pollution control agencies at the 1981
level. The program maintains its newer emphasis on
interstate transport of pollutants, control of hazardous
pollutants, and reduction of pollution associated with
transportation.
• Water Quality; The Section 106 grant program, which
increases $2.1 million, will emphasize hazardous and
toxic waste monitoring, spill prevention and response,
State pretreatment program management, and a new
initiative for State programs in groundwater protec-
tion.
Funding support for the Section 208 grant program (State
and Areawide Waste Treatment Management Planning) will
terminate at the end of 1981. Work on agricultural
nonpoint sources of pollution will continue at the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Section 106 grants will provide
funding for groundwater management program development,
previously funded with Section 208 funds.
The budget targets several activities currently sup-
ported under the Section 106 program to be funded
with Section 205 (g) State management assistance
61
-------
grants. In those States which have signed delegation
agreements, Section 205 (g) funds will be available
to support construction grants-related and Section
402/404 delegation activities.
Drinking Water; Funding for the underground injection
control program will increase by $2 million to $8.6
million in 1982. Public Water System Supervision
program grants will remain at the 1981 level of $29.5
million.
Hazardous Waste: The 1982 Budget continues a pattern of
large increases in grants to States to operate hazardous
waste programs. The increase of $11.7 million for 1982
parallels an increase of $11.4 million for 1981. The
Agency encourages all States to accept interim authori-
zation to run their own equivalent programs. For States
that do not receive interim authorization, EPA is negotiat-
ing Cooperative Arrangements to allow continued funding
while the State develops its program.
Grants for non-hazardous waste management decline by $2
million, representing the third year of the planned five
year phase-out of subtitle D grant funding, as state
programs mature toward self-supporting programs. Grants
for resource recovery increase $2.6 million to complete
61 projects on urban resource recovery.
Pesticides; EPA will continue its support of pesticides
enforcement grants. The increase of $782 thousand returns
these grants to 1980 levels.
Toxic Substances; The 1982 Budget provides $500 thousand
in grantsfor enforcement activities that apply specifically
to the PCB regulations and include inspections to ensure
PCB compliance. This amount is $500 thousand below the
1981 funding level.
integrated Environmental Assistance Act; The Admini-
stration will provide additional funding for the IEAA
upon passage of legislation. The proposed legislation
would give States the flexibility to integrate two or
more of the State environmental program grants admini-
stered by EPA.
62
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
63
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Purpose
The purpose of EPA's construction grants program is to
assist States and local governments in financing the plan-
ning, design, and construction of municipal wastewater
treatment facilities. Grant awards are made available from
allotments given to each State under a formula established
by the Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended. All projects
are eligible for 75% Federal assistance; projects using
innovative or alternative technology in facility design are
eligible for 85% Federal assistance.
Obligations in 1980
The Agency obligated $4,673 million, or $127 million
less than last year's budget request. This decrease occur-
red as a result of the deferred use of 1980 funds for five
months, in accordance with the President's 1981 outlay re-
duction exercise.
Obligations in 1981
A total of $4.2 billion in obligations is projected
during 1981. This will fund 2,862 new awards for planning,
design, and -construction of wastewater treatment faci-
lities. About 11,700 projects will be in various stages of
construction during the year.
1982 Appropriation
The Agency is requesting an appropriation of $3.7 bil-
lion for 1982, (an increase of $400 million over the 1981
appropriation), and an appropriation of $1.0 billion for
liquidation of contract authority under Section 203 of the
Clean Water Act. The Agency expects to obligate $5.25 bil-
lion in 1982, an increase of $1.05 billion over 1981.
States receive these funds according to an allocation
formula set by Congress. Under this formula, about 30
States will have more projects ready for grant awards than
can be covered by their respective allotments. EPA is
studying alternative mechanisms for alleviating this prob-
lem, and will make recommendations to Congress on these and
other funding issues as part of its 1990 strategy.
64
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State Delegation
Section 205(g) of the Clean Water Act provides the
States with grants to manage the program. Under 1980
amendments to the Act, up to two-percent of each State's
authorized level, or $400,000 (whichever is greater) is
available for State management assistance grants. Previ-
ously, these grants had been calculated on the basis of the
appropriation rather than the authorization level. By the
end of 1982, 46 States will have negotiated delegation
agreements with EPA to assume major management responsibi-
lities for the program. The budget targets several
construction grants management related activities and
Section 402/404 delegation activities, currently funded
under the Section 106 program, to be supported under Section
205(g) for States which have signed delegation agreements.
EPA will be proposing legislative amendments to return the
authorized level to the appropriated level in 1983.
Corps of Engineers
The 1982 budget provides $22.5 million for the purchase
of approximately 600 workyears of effort from the Corps of
Engineers.
The—U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and EPA extended
their interagency agreement in 1980 for an indefinite
period, subject to annual funding. The Corps will focus
its efforts on conducting interim inspections on projects
under construction. In addition, the Corps will also have
a full-time staff on the sites of large, complex projects,
serve as project officers for actual construction grants,
and review plans and specifications both to assure that
plans can be the basis for bids, and that they will be
followed by a contractor once the facility is under con-
struction.
National Municipal Strategy
The National Municipal Strategy, published at the
start of 1980, is one of the Agency's means to improve com-
pliance of Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) by
integrating activities from grants, enforcement, and NPDES
permit programs. This is a joint strategy involving EPA
and the States, which will focus first on problems of non-
complying POTWs in major urban areas.
Review of Advanced Waste Treatment Projects
EPA has established a detailed review process for
funding advanced waste treatment projects (AWT), which
occurs for those projects which require a higher level of
65
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treatment to meet water quality standards. Reviews of AWT
projects are carried out to ensure that only projects which
are fully justified in terms of water quality benefits are
funded. In accordance with the requirement of the 1981
Conference Report for the construction grants appropria-
tion, the EPA Administrator is responsible for all
reviews of projects having incremental costs greater than
$3 million. Reviews for incremental projects of less than
$3 million are delegated to EPA's regional offices.
New Initiatives for 1982 Program
By the end of 1982, 46 States will have accepted dele-
gation under Section 205(g) of the Clean Water Act. During
1982, EPA will reorient its management approach to the con-
struction grants program, making a transition to overall
program management in contrast to project-by-project
management, and focusing on the national impact of the
construction grants program.
To meet these objectives, EPA will implement the fol-
lowing five initiatives:
• Municipal Self-Sufficency; Develop and provide
front-end support to grantees in the area of
financial management systems, including rate
-structures for user charges, and reviews of
existing systems to correct problems.
• Total Waste Management; Develop comprehensive
plans for the treatment and disposal of all
wastes generated by a POTW from residential or
commercial sources, and from industrial pre-
treatment.
• Quality Assurance; Conduct oversight of State
delegated activities through on-site evaluations
and investigations of State programs on a con-
tinuing basis.
• Innovative/Alternative Technologies; Promote
use of water and energy conserving technologies
in design of POTWs. Seek low cost and innova-
tive alternatives to existing conventional
solutions to municipal source control.
• Operations and Maintenance; Increase work on
operations and maintenance aspects of facility
planning and design phases of projects, and ad-
dress problems of noncompliance in existing
POTWs.
66
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Construction Grants Strategy for 1990
EPA will complete a strategy in 1981 to find solu-
tions to the program's current problems, and to evaluate
alternative directions for the program over the next ten
years. The 1990 strategy will make recommendations in the
following areas:
• Compliance; This section will contain recommen-
dations to improve the current performance of
municipalities to meet permit requirements.
Increased emphasis will be placed on develop-
ing compliance tracking systems and using the
private sector to assist localities in improving
their capabilities to operate and maintain
existing POTWs.
• Funding; The strategy will evaluate current
eligibilities, the current allotment formula,
the effectiveness of the current approach of
grant awards to localities, the impact of infla-
tion, and alternative funding mechanisms.
• Operations; This section will identify proce-
_ dural redundancies, recommend ways to enhance
efficiency and speed up grants processing and
completion times significantly.
• Management; This section will describe EPA's
role relationships with the States, the Corps of
Engineers, and grantees, in a program run
largely by the delegated States. The States
will be assuming much greater responsibilities
for the day-to-day management of the program
with EPA emphasizing overall program management
and assistance activities.
• Planning; This section will evaluate current
legislative requirements and technology-based
standards in light of total fiscal needs versus
the amount of funds likely to be available in the
years ahead.
67
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APPENDIX: BUDGET TABLES
68
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