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-------
The objective of EPA's air pollution program is to pro-tact
the .public's health and welfare from che harmful effects of
air pollution and to ensure that existing clean air is pro-
tected from significant deterioration. The Clean Air Act
(CAA) mandates that these goals be attained through the
prevention and control of harmful substances entering the
ambient air. To meet and maintain national ambient air
quality standards, each State must formulate an implementa-
tion plan. The 1377 CAA Amendments prescribe new attainment
dates for areas -violating the ambient air standards and
require each State to submit a revised plan to assure attain-
ment for standards as soon as practicable, but not later
than December 1982. (Extensions to 1987 are available in
certain cases for oxidants and carbon monoxide).
In addition to the"development and enforcement of revised
State Implementation Plans (SIPs), several other major
events are occurring in 1979 that further the Agency's
mission. EPA is reviewing and revising, as appropriate,
existing national ambient air quality standards and will be
implementing a new standard for lead. The Agency is also
reviewing and revising New Source Performance Standards,
including those for new power plants. Also, SPA has signi-
ficantly enhanced its overall air monitoring effort and has
focused increased efforts on inspection/maintenance of in-
use vehicles under its mobile source program. Finally, EPA
will promulgate regulations for non-compliance penalties to
support a more litigation-oriented enforcement program.
Overall, funds for the air program appear to decrease by
$14.3 million between 1979 and 1980. However, during the
past year, EPA and DOT completed the integration of their
planning processes to assure that transportation planning
addresses air quality problems and contributes to the attain-
ment of air quality standards. Therefore, funding for
Section 175 grants is not being requested in 1980, resulting
in a $50 million decrease from 1979. (Funds appropriated
for Section 175 grants in 1979 and from the DOT's planning
program, which totals $150 million this year, will be avail-
able for these purposes). Accordingly, air program funding
other than for Section 175 grants will increase ay 325.2
million.
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The following ars detailed highlights of changes from 1979
to the President's proposed 1980 budget.
o Efforts in New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESEAP) will increase $14.3 million
(100%) to fully implement the Clean Air Act and
the 1977 Amendments and not delay standard setting
and potential enforcement actions. The increase
will permit the Agency to set emission standards
for all significant stationary source categories
before the 1982 deadline established by the CAA
(nine NSPS and one NESEAP are scheduled for
promulgation in 1930).
o Financial support to State and local air pollution
agencies through Section 105 grants will increase
by $5.6 million (7%) to a level of $35.6 million
to enforce the new SIP's promulgated in 1979,
undertake necessary analyses and continue develop-
ment of SXP's for ozone and carbon monoxide, and
improve the ambient air quality monitoring system.
o Resources for mobile source standards to control
emissions from new and in-use vehicles will de-
crease by $3.4 million (23%) to reflect completion
of many one—time standard setting tasks mandated
by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, but will
increase 30 workyears (22%) to reflect increased
emphasis on the development of heavy duty vehicle
and hazardous pollutant standards and on in-use
vehicle control.
o Resources for mobile source preproduction com-
pliance verification will decrease $1.4 million
(28%) and 38 workyears (35%) as a result of
reforms which will reduce reporting and testing
burdens on motor vehicle industries while, at the
same time, improve the control of emissions from
automobiles, trucks, and motorcycles.
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Ths stationary source enforcement program will
increase one-half Billion dollars (2%) and 31 work
years (7%) to implement those provisions of the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 relating to
mandatory civil actions against major source
violators and to establishing administratively
imposed nonccmpliance penalties. This is in ad-
dition to an increase of S9 ziillion (57%) and 112
work years (31%) from 1378 to 1279.
The mobile source enforcement program will increase
3772,300 (13%) to deter tampering and fuel switch-
ing. This will involve comprehensive enforcement
pilots in selected-non-attainment Air Quality
Control Regions and support of the Denver Air
Initiative.
The air research and development program will
increase 513 million (26%) and 29 work years (2%)
in 1930.
$15.0 million of this $19 million is part of the
Agency's public health initiative. Of this $15.0
million, $5 million will be used for research on
the health effects of criteria pollutants, $3.0
million for research on the health effects of non-
criteria pollutants, and the remaining $2.0 mil-
lion for research on the health effects of pol-
lutants from transportation sources.
The remaining $4.0 million increase in air ?.£0
will expand the research started in the 1979
program on regulated and non-regulated pollutants
and the development of techniques for measuring
pollutants from stationary and mobile sources.
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WATS2. QUALITY
The Clean Water Act of 1377 reaffirmed the water qual-
ity program's goal "to restore arid maintain the chemical,
physical and biological integrity of the Nation's waters."
This act requires a number of new activities. It also gives
new emphasis to the control of toxic water pollutants from
industrial sources, and it re-emphasizes water reuse and
recycling.
The new Act also substantially increased the Agency's
responsibility in the dredge and fill program, providing for
an increased EPA review of dredge and fill permits and the
delegation of permit authority to the States; and gave in-
creased emohasis to the control of hazardous substances
spills.
The water quality program will continue to manage
traditional activities such as the setting of uniform tech-
nology based effluent limitations for control of industrial
and municipal point sources of water pollution; the development
of comprehensive water quality management plans at the State
and local level to solve point and nonpoint sources of
pollution; and the operation of an oil spill prevention and
control program.
A number of major events are occurring in 1979 to
support these program activities. EPA will fully implement
the use of State/EPA agreements to consolidate water program
grant funds and integrate program outputs to efficiently
achieve objectives. Additional effluent guidelines will be
developed to control toxic pollutants from industrial
sources. The Agency is developing and will propose and
promulgate water quality criteria for the 65 classes of
toxic pollutants. These criteria will then be used by
States to form the basis for ambient water quality standards.
The Agency will also design an enforcement monitoring pro-
gram for toxic materials discharge control. And finally,
SPA is proposing Section 404 regulations to provide guide-
lines for selecting disposal sites for dredged or fill
material, to establish procedures for State permit program
operations, and to establish SPA's veto capability over
environmentally unacceptable projects.
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Following are highlights of the changes from 1979 to
the President's 1930 proposed budget.
o The ?Y 1980 water quality management program will
be maintained at approximately the same level
supported during FY 1979. This will allow EPA to
continue work in controlling nonpoint sources of
pollution. Priority problems to be addressed will
be urban runoff, rural runoff, and groundwater
protection.
o In past years, Section 208 funds, and to a limited
extent, Section 201 funds were available for
• pretreatment planning. Advanced waste treatment
planning related to facilities was funded under
Section 201. The water quality analyses and waste
load allocations were funded under Sections 106
and 203. Beginning in FY. 1930, these activities
will be funded entirely by Section 201, allowing
the Section 203 appropriation to be devoted to
nonpoint sources of pollution. In FY 1930 $21 mil-
lion will be made available for this purpose.
o Recent amendments to Section 311 of the Clean
Water Act will enable EPA to deal more effectively
with hazardous substance spills. An increase of
three positions in the 1930 budget, the redirec-
tion of current staff, and the continuation of $3
million in contract support will allow EPA to
aggressively respond to spills that present an
imminent danger to public health or the environ-
ment.
o "An increase of 18 positions and $4.6 million in
the effluent standards and guidelines program will
be used to continue the reorientation from conven-
tional to toxic pollutant control. This will
provide funds to complete technical, economic, and
environmental studies and to propose and promul-
gate Best Available Technology Economically
Achievable (SATSA) effluent guidelines, New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS), Pretreatment Stand-
ards for Existing Sources (PSSS), and Pratraataent
Standards for New Sources (PSNS) for the remaining
primary industries. It also provides for addi-
tional analysis to respond to anticipated litiga-
tion, assistance in preparing court records,
continuation of the development of regulations for
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3est Management Practices (3MP), development of
Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology
(BCT) regulations for the remaining secondary and
primary industries, and development of a prelimi-
nary PQTW toxic pollutant regulatory strategy.
o FY 1980 will, be a critical transition year for the
dredge and fill program. Most regulations will be
finalized during this year; and the State delega-
tion program will shift jurisdiction for some non-
navigable waters from the Corps of Engineers to
qualified States. Guidance and support will be
provided to those States seeking State 404 program
delegation. Additionally, as the emphasis swings
away from issuing regulations, the program will
begin to build a comprehensive national program to
effectively and consistently control the disposal
of dredged material. The Agency will also begin
developing non-regulatory alternatives for pro-
tecting aquatic resources.
o In water research and development/ EPA is starting
a major $4.3 million program directed at the
demonstration of reuse and recycle options for
industrial wastewater. This program will also
evaluate and provide solutions for reducing the
intermedia impacts of pollution abatement practices.
o Health effects research in the water quality area
will increase by almost $.3M in order to evaluate
the potential health effects of reuse of waste-
water for industrial and aquacultural purposes and
to increase by five the number of priority consent
decree pollutants studied.
o Research on innovative and alternative technology
for sludge disposal will increase by 5.65 million
and two worJcyears.
o Two million dollars of contract support in water
enforcement will be devoted to developing com-
pliance schedules requiring the initiation of
pretreataent programs for municipal permittees and
for approving municipal pretreatment programs.
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
The long range goal of the construction grants program
is to eliminate the municipal discharge of untreated or in-
adequately treated pollutants and thereby help restore or
maintain the quality of the Nation's waters and protect the
health and well being of the people. This program provides
grants- to municipal, inter-municipal, State, and interstate
agencies to assist in financing the planning, design, and
construction of municipal waste water treatment facilities.
In addition, under the State Management Assistance Grant
program, (Section 205(g) of the Act), up to two percent of
the funds provided to each State may be used to fund State
management of functions delegated through specifically
negotiated agreements. Amounts made available for obligation
are allotted to each State on the basis of statutory formulas.
The recently enacted Clean Water Act of 1977 provided for a
five-year extension of the funding authorization and a
mandate to delegate major portions of the program to the
States. Current estimates of the remaining Federal cost of
meeting the municipal construction needs eligible under the
Act have been set at $69 billion, based on tentative results
from the 1978 Needs Survey.
EPA's major accomplishments in 1973 in the construction
grants program were: (a) the initial implementation of the
new Clean Water Act, (b) the initiation of a new three-year
agreement with the Corps of Engineers, under which the Corps
agreed to provide up to 600 workyears to supplement EPA
construction grants management activities, and (c) a major
effort to begin the process of delegating many functions of
this increasingly complex program to the States. During
1979, EPA will monitor closely the implementation of revised
regulations and the Corps support activities and will.inten-
sify its delegation effort.
Following, are detailed highlights of changes from 1979 to
the President's proposed 1930 budget.
1. Apgrogri ation
o During the 1979 budget cycle, the Administration
recommended a long-term funding program of
approximately $4.5 billion per year. The $3.3
billion requested for 1980 does not represent a
withdrawal from the Administration's long-term
commitment to the program. Rather, this request
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level is the result of a temporary slowdown la the
program due to implementation of the new Clean
Water Act Amendments, the transfer of many manage-
ment functions to the States, and SPA's continued
emphasis on the environmental integrity of con-
truction projects.
2. Extension of Reallotment Period
o EPA is recommending a legislative amendment
extending the reallotment period for all funds
authorised-under the Clean Water Act (FY 1973-
1982) from two to three years, star-ting with FY
1978 funds. Current legislation requires that all
funds allotted to States from 1973 and subsequent
appropriations be subject to reallotment one year
•after the year for which they are authorized. A
temporary slowing of the program — resulting
principally from: (a) the delay of the 1973
appropriation until March 1979/ (b) program changes
required by the new Clean Water Act amendments,
and (c) a reprogramming of resources into effective
implementation of these new amendments and State
delegation ~ may potentially cause as many as 30
States to lose a portion of their current funds to
reallotment under existing law. If the reallot-
ment date La not extended, the States may be
forced to commit to low priority projects in order
to meet reallotment deadlines.
3. Increased Program Resources
o Although there is a 67 workyear reduction in EPA
resources in FY 1980, total resurces devoted to
the management of the program will increase signi-
ficantly. The Corps of Engineers is already
providing assistance to EPA in managing construction-
related projects. Corps efforts will expand in FY
1979 and be continued in FY 1980. In addition,
the States will be assuming major management
responsibilities under Section 205(g) of the Clean
Water Act by the end of FY 1980. They should be
capable of significantly increasing overall
resources devoted to managing the program.
o SPA's management strategy attempts to allocate
optimally the resources of EPA, the States, and
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the Corps of Engineers among the required program
review activities to maximize the environmental
impact of the program, while, at the same time,
minimizing risks relating to - fiscal integrity,
overall administration, and program control.
o Planned SPA management changes, the Corps agree-
ment, and state delegations are designed to improve
overall program management in 1930 by:
--Freeing EPA resources to concentrate on Step 1
environmental activities and overall program
oversight and coordination;
—Increasing overall resource levels within the
program;
--Utilizing these resources in their areas of
clearest competence; and
—Maintaining EPA's ultimate program responsiblety
by specific monitoring, review, and oversight of
these activities.
Corps of Engineers
o In 1978, the Agency negotiated detailed subagree-
ments between each Regional Office and the related
Corps of Engineers personnel. Approximately 300
wcrkyears of Corps effort were in place on
September 30, 1973, with a full 600 workyears
commiisient to be operating by mid-19 7 9 and for all
of 1980.
o The Corps agreement provides (but is not limited
to) services in three basic areas: (a) on-site
presence during construction for all projects
greater than $50 million; (b) performance of
construction engineering functions (such as
inspection, review of change orders, outlay
management, construction closeout, and management
oversight) on all projects which have received a
Step 3 grant award; and (c) review of plans and
specifications to ensure that the plans are both
biddable and cons-tractable before the contract
awards are let. In 1980, the Corps will be
assisting EPA in improving its capability to
estimate and manage outlays.
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State Delegation
o EPA is working closely with the States to transfer
major management and review responsibilities to
the States as they show the interest and capability
to assume such functions. ?Y 1979 and 1980 will
be a transition period during which the States
will assume a number of management responsibilities
and recruit the necessary staff to carry on their
management role.
o The fundamental requirement of all State delegation
agreements is State assurance and EPA Regional
Administrator concurrence that State management
takeover meets EPA standards. Delegation agreements
are receiving careful and diligent attention.
State performance under these agreements will be
carefully monitored.
o In 1978, the Agency implemented delegation policies
and regulations, assessed the delegation potential
for all States, held initial negotiations with
more than half of the States, and by December 31,
1978, signed initial delegations with 7 States.
In 1979, approximately 26 States are expected to
receive State Management Assistance Grants, with
the total increasing to 39 States in 1980. These
dramatic increases projected for 1979 and 1980
will allow EPA to delegate a substantial portion
of the program to the States, according to the
timing and overall plan in the grant agreements.
Advanced Waste Treatment
A provision of the 1979 Appropriation conference report
required that EPA closely review funding of advanced waste
treatment or projects proposing treatment greater than
secondary. EPA has developed and will implement a number of
new procedures in FY 1979 to comply with this new requirement.
The amendment requires detailed scrutiny of all advanced
projects at several levels. Congress directed that the
Administrator personally review grant awards to all such
projects with incremental costs greater than one million
dollars. In addition, SPA will pursue a more rigorous
review of all projects requiring treatment above secondary
to ensure that"State imposed limitations are properly applied
and effective. During FY 1979, EPA expects to review appro-
ximately 600 advanced projects, one-third of which will be
reviewed directly by the Administrator.
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Other Major Activities
o Funds will continue to be oriented toward innovative
and alternative technology leading to mere environ-
mentally compatible solutions to waste control,
including water and energy conservation, reuse,
and reclamation.
o Increased emphasis will be placed on outlay manage-
ment to assure that cash flow needs are accurately
estimated and projects are kept on management
schedules.
o Emphasis will continue to be placed on the municipal
enforcement strategy which more closely links the
construction grants program with the municipal
permit and enforcement programs.
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DR1TJZZ2TG WA2Z
The goal of the drinking water program is to protect and iaiprove the quality
of the Nation's drinking watsr supply. The Safe Drinking tfatsr Act (SEWA)
authorises: (1) the establishment of primary and secondary drinking water
regulations which specify rnaximum permissible contaminant levels; (2}
Public Water Systsnis Programs (PW5~) to- assure compliance with regulations;
(3) Underground Injection Control (UIC) programs to protect underground
sources of drinking watsr; (4) protection of aquifers identified as the
sole or principal sources of drinking water; and (5) the provision of
emergency assistance. State governments have primary enforcement
responsibility for program implementation.
During P? 1979, major efforts will be directed toward the promulgation
of (1) amendments to the interim primary drinking water regulations
for the control of organic contaminants", (2} the underground injection
control regulations , (3) the underground water source protection grants/
and (4) the sole source regulations. Other areas of focus will be the
implementation of the interim primary drinking watsr regulations promulgated
in 1978, providing technical assistance to States authorized to develop QIC
programs so they may more readily assume primacy, assisting the 17 remaining
States to meet the public water supply primary requirements, and continuing
the assessment of surfacs
Following are highlights of changes from 1979 to the President's 198Q
request.
o An increase of $3.0 million in the drinking watsr management program
will enable EPA to implement the organics standards through guidance
to the States, incorporate non-community water systems into the program ,
implement the sole source aquifer regulations and underground injection
control programs, continue oversight in primacy States and implementation
of the public water system program in States which have refused to
accept primary enforcement responsibility, and establish QIC programs
in those States that are unwilling or unable to assume primacy.
o The increase of $2.5 million in the State grant programs will be
used by the States to assist them in acquiring and implementing
. primary enforcement responsibility for the public water system
supervision program and the underground injection control program.
Grants will continue to be provided to Stats associations of rural
water districts to give training and technical assistance to small
rural water systems. In addition, fellowships and institutional
grants will be awarded to ongrade professional personnel resources
in the crinkinc water field.
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The highest priority in the drinking water enforcement program
will be placed on enforcement response in energency situations
that substantially endanger public health and safety. Other
areas of focus will be placed on public water system imple-
mentation and underground injection control, support of enforce-
ment proceedings initiated in 1979, and initiation of new
enforcement actions.
Drinking water research will increase 35.7 million. The health
effects research program will initiate a thorough investigation
of the nature, distribution, and concentration of organic com-
pounds in relation to water supply sources. Treatment and control
technology research will develop new and improved technology for
' effective and economical control of drinking water contaminants
during treatment, storage, and distribution. Funding will also be
be used to iinprove programs in potable water reuse technology and
to implement field evaluations of inorganic control processes for
for small systems.
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SOLID W&STS
The goals of the solid was-fee program are to assure that
hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes are disposed of in
environmentally sound ways and to conserve natural resources,
both directly and through resource recovery from wastes.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)
provides the mandate and authority for accomplishing these
goals. Several major actions are occurring in 1979 that
move RCSA from planning and development toward implementa-
tion. EPA proposed regulations under Subtitle C cf RCSA
that set forth standards, criteria, and procedures to regu-
late hazardous wastes. Public hearings will be held on
these proposed regulations throughout the Country. EPA will
also promulgate in July landfill criteria to determine
minimum requirements for sanitary disposal facilities.
Fifteen million dollars in resource recovery grants are
being awarded to local governments under the President's
Urban Initiative. These grants will be used to provide
funds for advanced planning and implamention of resource
recovery projects. The basic shift from 1979 to 1980 is
from planning, standard setting, and capability building to
the early stages of implementing solid and hazardous waste
management regulations throughout the Nation.
The highlights of changes from Fiscal 1979 to the President's
proposed 1930 budget for solid waste are summarized below.
o The hazardous waste management program in the
Regions will increase 33 work years and $1.1
million to support, initial implementation of the
hazardous waste section of RC2A and oversee the 41
States that are expected to achieve equivalency
with Federal standards. Early implementation
efforts will emphasize assisting States to assume
principal responsibility for hazardous waste
management and regulation under RCSA. A notifi-
cation and manifest system will be established to
identify and manage the broader system of gener-
ation, transport, and disposal.
o Resources for the solid waste program implemen-
tation in the Regions will increase by five work
years to a total of 40. This reflects the Adminis-
tration 's recognition that effective solid waste
* a
-------
programs demand a balanced investment between non-
hazardous and hazardous wasta and resource recovery
management.
Resources for waste management regulations, guide-
lines, and policies will decrease by ten work
years, since many important RCRA regualtions will
be proposed in 1979 and promulgated in 1980. Work
will continue in 1980 to integrate hazardous waste
permitting and procedures with related EPA rules,
to provide specific technical guidance for Sub-
title C implementation, and to manage a damage
assessment program for properly disposing 'of
hazardous spills.
Financial assistance to States for hazardous waste
management will total $13.6 million in 1980.
This represents an increase of $3.6 million over
1979. These funds will aid the States in deve-
loping and implementing hazardous waste programs.
Financial assistance to States for solid waste
management will decrease by $5.2 million to a
level of $10.0 million in 1980. This decrease is
part of a planned five-year phase out of Subtitle
0 grant funding as the State programs mature.
Financial assistance for resource recovery, part
of the President's Urban Initiative, will provide
$13.9 million to regional agencies and local
governments in 1930. These grants are designed to
enhance existing resource recovery initiatives and
to foster movement from conceptual or early
planning stages to implementation of resource
recovery systems by supporting waste stream and
market surveys, site selection, financial packaging,
and contractor selection.
The solid waste enforcement program will increase
20 work years and $1.3 million to provide increased
capability to respond under the law to emergencies
and imminent hazards and to enforce the RC3A
hazardous wasta regulations recently proposed by
the Agency.
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PESTICIDES
Under 'the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(FITRA) and the Federal Pesticide Act of 1973, the goal of
the pesticides program is to protect the public health and
the environment from unreasonable adverse effects of pesti-
cides products, while permitting the necessary beneficial
uses of pest control technologies. Four principal means
will be used to meet this goal: (1) establishment of pesti-
cide residue tolerances for food and feed commodities and
review and registration of existing and new pesticide products,
(2) pesticide use management, (3) enforcement, and (4)
research and development.
The pesticides program is a key component in the Adminis-
tration 's emphasis on preventive health programs. In 1380,
program emphasis will be on development and application of
generic standards, continued efforts to complete the 65
classes of chemicals originally accepted as candidates for
Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) control,
registrations (especially conditional registrations authorized
by the 1978 Federal Pesticides Act) and reregistrations, and
maintenance of applicator certification and training.
Several key 1980 activities will result from passage of the
Federal Pesticides Act of 1978. The Act authorizes the
development of generic standards, the central feature in
EPA's ability to produce priority active ingredient standards
(approximately 514) for the subsequent reregistration of
40,000 existing pesticide products and for new product
registration. The Act also allows conditional registration
of products until definitive safety evaluations are made
under generic standards. Finally, the amendments of 1973
clarified FIFRA's trade secret provisions which will expedite
the flow of scientific data and its use, while still protect-
ing company interests.
The highlights of the pesticides program are summarized
below.
o Resources for developing, completing, and main-
taining generic standards increase 36 work years
and $1.2 million in 1930. These resources will
permit the completion of 47 active ingredient
standards begun in 1979 and the initiation of 50
standards In 1980. .^laintenance involving the
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updating of adopted standards will be performed,
including incorporation of new data, new uses, new
tolerances, and new special registrations.
The SPAR program in 1980 requests 11 fewer work
years and steady funding as progress is made
toward completing scientific exposure, hazard
assessment, risk/benefit, and field analyses on
the original 65 chemical classes accepted as SPAR
candidates.
T
The registration and tolerance programs increase
by 17 work years and $.54 million in 1980. These
additional resources respond to the removal of
certain legal and procedural impediments in FIFHA
by the Federal Pesticides Act of 1973. Specifi-
cally, workload will increase as the conditional
registration program comes on line, including
review of tolerance petitions which accompany
registration applications.
Enforcement and enforcement grants decrease by 30
work years and $1.2 million from 1979 levels.
This change from 1979 continues recent reductions
in Federal enforcement and inspection activities,
as States increase inspections and investigations,
and otherwise assume increasing responsibility for
pesticides control through Cooperative Enforcement
Agreements with EPA.
There is a $2.3 million decrease in 1930 from 1979
in integrated pest management (IPM) research
grants and interagency agreements. This reduction
reflects expiration of the 1979 add-on of 2.5
million for"IPM, but maintains the program at
slightly less than $1.0 million. The major focus
for IPM in 1980 is on the transfer of proven IPM
technology to commercial and private applicators
and to the farming community.
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RADIATION
The radiation program's major focus is to minimize the
exposure of people to ionizing radiation. EPA pursues this
goal through three interdependent roles:
o the development of standards and criteria,
o assessment of the environmental impact of tech-
nology employed and programs of other Federal
agencies, and,
o surveillance of radiation levels in the environ-
ment.
EPA's authority to protect the public health and environment
from any adverse effects related to radiation exposure is
derived from a variety of authorities including the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of
1978, the Safe DrinJcing Water Act, and Federal Radiation
Guidance responsibilities assigned to the Agency.
Several major activities are occurring in 1979 that support
the program's objectives. EPA is developing radioactive
waste disposal standards and standards for the control of
hazards at uranium mill tailing sites. A listing of radio-
active air pollutants of public health concern will be
completed and standard setting initiated. The Environmental
Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (SHAMS) monitoring
effort will continue to provide an overall radiological
assessment of the quality of the environment.
The following are the significant budgetary changes in the
Radiation Program from 1979 to 1980.
o 53.4 million is provided to accelerate SPA's
schedules to develop needed information on radio-
active waste disposal so that EPA can publish the
requisite criteria standards and guidelines in a
timeframe consistent with the needs of other
federal agencies.
o To support potential standard setting activities,
research on the effects of .ion-ionising radiation
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is increased by $0.95 million. Animal toxicology
studies will be carried out on the effects of
chronic exposure to low level radiation.
The majority of the remainder of the $6.9 million
increase in the radiation program will support
pollutant and technology assessment activities
which are necessary to determine the need for
regulatory action under the Clean Air Act.
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NOISE
The EPA noise program is working to reduce ambient noise by
setting emission standards to quiet new products and by
supporting state and local efforts to control noise. These
activities are being conducted under the authority of the
Noise Control Act of 1972 as amended bv the Quiet Commu-
nities Act of 1973.
In 1979 several significant activities are occurring which,
when completed, will bring the noise program closer to
achieving its goal. Three noise emission regulations are
scheduled to be promulgated and one to be proposed. General
labeling regulations, soon to be promulgated, will provide a
basis for informed consumer choices with regard to the
noisiness of new products.
The Each Community Helps Others (ECHO) program will expand
from 10 to 25 community noise advisors. The program is
staffed by local noise control experts who volunteer to help
other communities one or two days a month with EPA paying
out of pocket expenses. Expansion of the program will allow
SPA to develop and deliver technical assistance to a larger
number of State and local communities.
The most significant 1980 budget change for the noise pro-
gram is a request for $2 million to implement the Quiet
Communities Act of 1973. These funds will be used for the
following activities:
o One-half million dollars for research on the
psychological and physiological effects of noise
on humans with special emphasis on the non-audit-
ory effects of noise. And
o $1.5 million for providing assistance to state and
local governments in the areas of monitoring,
manpower and regulation development, and for
disseminating educational and consumer information
materials.
The 1930 budget also provides for a number of additional
activities which follow the general programmatic strategy of
the noise program. Specifically, they include:
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Regulatory activities that include the promulga-
tion of emission regulations for motorcycles and
pavement breakers and rock drills and the proposal
of emission regulations for lawn mowers, revision
to the interstate raotorcarrier regulations, and
additional noisy product labeling regulations.
The Quiet Communities program, which is designed
to research and demonstrate the best available
techniques for noise control in various types of
communities, will be expanded from two 'to three
communities.
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Many environmental problems can be approached directly
through specific media programs, but effective management
somtimes requires cutting across the usual media lines.
Often the problem, skill, or technique involved is not
readily assignable to a specific media, and an interdis-
ciplinary approach is required. SPA employs this intermedia
approach in several research and development programs where
the problems, tools, and results are multidisciplinary in
nature and must be coalesced into an integrated program.
This concept is also applied to those areas of the environ-
mental impact statement program where the identification of
crosscutting impact is important. The supplementary assist-
ance component of the Consolidated Grants proposal is also
classified under the interdisciplinary media since it will
involve a wide range of State and local grant assistance
programs.
In 1979 several of these programs will undergo significant
changes. This year the anticipatory research program is
being redesigned to have three components: (1) innovative
research—to provide opportunities for scientists with new
approaches to environmental problems, (2) center support
research—to provide long-term support for basic studies in
key research areas, and (3) directed programs--to investi-
gate emerging interdisciplinary problems like acid rain.
Moreover, the scientific assessment program is expanding to
include work on exposure and reproductive health effects
assessment, and water criteria development. In concert with
this increasing emphasis on scientific assessment acti-
vities, an Office of Health and Environmental Assessment is
being created within the Office of Research and Development.
This Office will provide Agency-wide methodology, guidance,
and quality control for the assessment of health and en-
vironmental hazards. It also has responsibility for develop-
ing scientific effects criteria and assessments for use by
the Agency's regulatory offices.
Also in 1979, legislation to implement the consolidated
, grants proposal will be sent to Congress.
Listed below are some highlights of the changes between 1379
activities and the President's proposed 1980 budget.
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Additional canters for long-tara research, on
intermedia transport phenomena, intagratad eco-
systems, ultimata disposal of sludge, and inte-
grated exposure monitoring will be established.
The innovative research program will support
eight to ten additional scientists who will con-
duct fundamental research on environmental pro-
blems.
Sight additional work years of effort will be
devoted to reviewing and/or developing risk assess-
ments in various media.
Staffing of the anticipatory research program will
decrease by seven work years. The technical infor-
mation program will also reduce its work effort
by seven work years and ?0.9 million.
Funding for the scientific assessment program will
decrease by $2.6 million because work on criteria
documents for the 65 NRDC Consent Decree pollu-
tants will be completed in 1979.
The 1930 budget requests $25 million for supple-
mentary assistance and incentives to States to
consolidate their environmental efforts. These
funds are part of the Consolidated Grants Initia-
tive.
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CONSOLIDATED G3ANTS
Presidential and Congressional awareness of the interrelated
nature of environmental problems and solutions resulted in
SPA's creation in late 1970. Since that time, the number of
EPA programs has grown from five programs with grant author-
ity of $60 million to 15 programs with grant authority of
nearly $300 million. Since 1970 the complexity and serious-
ness of the cross-media impacts of these program *, on health
and the er. rironment has been increasingly recognized. In
response to this, the President will propose an alternative
way to foster and support an integrated environmental grant
delivery approach. Proposed legislation authorizing a $25
million consolidated grants program will be sent to Congress
shortly. It has four major objectives: increased.program
flexibility/ improvement and simplification of administra-
tion, enhanced program integration, and performance incen-
tives .
o The first objective is to provide flexibility. Not
only is the program voluntary; but a State may
combine as few as two programs to qualify for con-
solidated assistance. A State may also receive more
than one consolidated assistance award at the same
time. In addition, a State may propose to transfer
up to 20 percent of the funds of one program to
others. Local governments may receive consolidated
assistance either by pass-through from a State or by
direct award from EPA.
o The second objective is integration and simplifica-
tion of program administration. There will be a
single application instead of multiple applications,
and there will be a single maintenance—of-effort
provision to replace the several existing matching
and maintenance-of-effort requirements. There will
be common reporting requirements and enhanced
accountability by permitting budgeting, accounting
support, and auditing based on program elements and
outputs.
o The third objective of the proposed legislation is
enhanced program integration though requirement of
an integrated program plan which reflects under-
standing of the cross-media implications of program
~, a
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activities. The proposed legislation also creates
the opportunity to achieve program efficiencies
through the combination of management support
functions/ and technical functions.
o The fourth objective of the proposed legislation is
to provide incentives for performance. These
include supplementary assistance which is allocated
on a discretionary basis and is available for the
development of innovative projects such as the
civil penalties program adopted in Connecticut.
The .supplementary assistance is also available for
encouraging States to assume greater responsi-
bilities through delegations, developing a model
consolidated permit system, developing an emergency
response program, and developing high priority
programs such as toxic substances control programs.'
The proposed legislation has several major design features
to accomplish these objectives. First, the current method
of fund allocation remains the same. Second, States decide
whether or not to apply and which program to include.
Third, the State prepares and submits an integrated program
plan as a part of its supplementary assistance application.
Fourth, consultation with local governments is required. A
fifth feature is that local governments will have a greater
opportunity to participate in environmental programs by
being able to receive consolidated assistance either from
State pass-through or directly from one of EPA's Regional
Administrators under scecified conditions.
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TOXIC SU3STANC2S
The toxic substances program implements the Toxic Substances
Control Act's (TSCA) objective of developing adequate data
and knowledge with respect to the effects of chemical sub-
stances and mixtures on health and the environment and
assures that those chemicals which present an unreasonable
risk of injury to health or the environment are regulated to
reduce that risk.
The toxic program encompasses as many as 65,000 chemicals
currently in commerce, with an estimated 1,000 additional
new chemicals introduced each year. Up to 115,000 manu-
facturers and processors may be affected by the program.
The toxics program is one of the highest priority environ-
mental health initiatives of the Administration in 1979 and
1980. The increases from 1979 of 167 work years and $44.4
million display the strong, continuing commitment to this
program. The 1980 request also represents a 451 work year,
or 166 percent, and $31.6 million, or 476 percent, increase
in toxics since 1973.
The 1980 program continues the 1979 emphasis on building the
necessary foundation elements of the program, while also
moving into program operations. Testing and evaluation of
chemicals continues to receive high priority to establish
adequate data, testing, analysis, standards, and procedural
bases for prudent and effective TSCA implementation. Pre-
manufacture review of new chemicals, a major preventive
health action, will become fully operational. Control
actions will be taken on selected chemicals found to pose
unreasonable risks to human health or the environment.
Necessary data, monitoring, and compliance activities will
be shared by EPA and the affected private sector.
The highlights of the 1980 toxic substances program are
summarized below.
o Resources for testing and evaluation are the
largest single increase for the toxics program—72
work years and $19.4 million above 1979 levels.
This represents a 40 percent increase in work
years and over a 100 percent increase in funding
from 1979. This increased level of resources
allows the program to accelerate the cornerstone
of TSCA implementation: chemical data acquisition
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and tasting. The program also will expand signi-
ficantly chemical risk assessments, particularly
for new chemicals. Of the total of S36.5 million
for tasting and evaluation, S2S.3 million will go
for extramural chemical testing and assessments.
Resources for chemical control will increase by
47 work years, or 40 percent, and $4.3 million, or
53 percent. This request primarily supports full
operation of the premanufactura review"program
that reviews notifications and information on new
chemicals/ or proposals for significant new uses
of chemicals. Appropriate control actions will be
initiated as necessary. New chemical notifications
processed are projected to double from 1979 (to
400), and control actions on them will increase
from 3 to 9.
Preventive public health research activiti
and 21 positions totaling roughly $15.0 million
are contained in both the health and ecological
effects portion of the toxics research and deve-
lopment budget. The increase of $6.0 million in
health effects research focuses on the development
of short-tarm screening tests, the development of
predictive models for total body burden, the
refinement of neurotoxicologic detection methods,
and new work on evaluative laboratory techniques.
An increase of $9.0 million will support research
initiatives focused on predicting the movement and
fata of toxic substances.
Increases for industrial process research of
4 work years and $1.3 million will provide for
additional understanding of the processing routes
and in-process modifications required to minimise
toxic contaminants in chemical feedstocks, inter-
media tas, and products.
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ENERGY
The EPA energy-related environmental research and devel-
opment program is part of a national effort to increase
domestic energy production. The purpose of the program is
to avoid unnecessary delays in energy development without
sacrificing environmental quality. The primary short-term
goal" are: (1) to provide a sound data base necessary for
the Agency to establish regulations and incentives to en-
courage the uses of environmentally acceptable practices in
extraction, processing, and utilization of energy resources;
and, (2) to provide environmental control options, as soon
as practicable, for those extraction, processing, and
utilization practices which cause significant health or
ecological damage. The long-term goal is to ensure that
control options are available for new technologies with
potentially adverse environmental impacts.
o The 1980 program of 5102 million and 140 work
years will continue many of the 1979 activities.
o The 1980 program will be reduced from the 1979
program by 59.5 million and 9 work years. 55.5
million will come from the control technology
program and $4 million will come from the health
and ecological effects program.
o 5n increase of $545,000 will expand EPA's capa-
bility to perform environmental assessments of the
coal liquefaction process. Specifically, this
increase will enable EPA to develop better methods
to sample, analyze, and monitor non-criteria
pollutants from this process.
o An increase of 5288,000 will accelerate EPA's low
NOX pulverized boiler activities. The increase
will help demonstrate a low NOX coal burner on
both an industrial and a utility, boiler. The pro-
gram goal is an emission rate of 0.2 Lbs per
million BTTJs. The existing JTew Source Perfor-
mance Standards are 0.7 Ibs per million 3TUs.
o Environmental assessments of conventional and
advanced energy systems will be reduced by S3.3
million. There is lass need for these activities
by SPA in, 1930 since zhe DOE energy conser-racion
program provides increasingly complementary
sucoort.
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The evaluation of particulate control alternatives
will be decreased by 3363,000. As a result, EPA
will curtail efforts to develop "aaghouse" tech-
nology which removes both 50X and particulates
from the flue gas of fossil fuel steam generating
electric utilities.
The remaining $3.4 million decrease will come from
health effects research on oxides of nitrogen,
baseline ecological surveys in offshore oil
development areas, transport and fate research,
and the flue gas sulfur oxide control program.
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT'
The management and support program provides the executive
direction for all SPA programs, related management acti-
vities, and those agencywide support services not directly
associated with a particular programmatic activity. These
centralized activities may be aggregated under several com-
ponents: policy direction, management activities, support
services, and buildings and facilities. Policy activities
include overall policy development, direction, and legal
services. Management activities provide centralised admini-
strative functions necessary for agencywide operations
including planning and evaluation, program analyses, finan-
cial management, procurement, personnel management, and
other administrative services. Support services encompass
the costs of common services such as office and laboratory
services, utilities, building operations,, communications rent
and centralized ADP services. Buildings and facilities
include the design and construction of new EPA-owned faci-
lities and repairs and improvements to existing facilities.
The scope of these agencywide management and support acti-
vities is> of course, determined by the programs they serve.
The FY 1979 management and support program places special
emphasis on integrating its financial management systems,
developing a consolidated grants program, developing a
realistic approach to effective public participation pro-
grams, expanding regional management and analytical capa-
bilities, and strengthening the ZBB steering committee
process. The changes proposed for FY 1930 are due primarily
to a continuation and expansion of the above or to mandatory
increases as detailed below.
o Policy direction will increase by 34 workyears, most
of which is in the regional offices. This increase
is indicative of the concern which SPA has for the
development of improved regional-State/local
relations, public participation activities, and
the President's Minority Business Enterprise
program. It also reflects the increased legal
services workload associated with the construction
grants program and permitting activities. The
cost of these additional workyears is offset by
decreases in nan-recurring contracts.
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Management activities will increase by 23 work-
years due primarily to the additional emphasis '
being placed on analytical activities in the
Headquarters and Regional offices, additional •
personnel management workload including that
involved in implementing civil service reform,
and improvements in central administrative ser-
vices to accomodate 1979 program expansion. These
additional staffing costs are more than offset by
decreases in non-recurring contracts.
An additional $17,004.0 will be needed in 1980 for
support services. This is due to anticipated
increased costs for office and laboratory services
and supplies, utilities, communications, building
operatings and maintenance, rent, etc. Also
covered is the cost of additional ADP services
required for the drinking water, toxics, and solid
waste programs and management information systems.
Buildings and facilities will require an increase
of $362.0 resulting from the continuing program
aim of upgrading EPA-owned facilities both to
assure that applicable health and safety standards
are met and to provide more effective pollution
control.
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