TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LANDFILL GAS

    Mountain View Project Feasibility Study
       This report (SW-583) was written
          by M. 0. Blanchet and staff
and 1s reproduced by the Office of Solid Waste
   with permission from the utility company
           which prepared the report
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                     1977

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     This report was prepared by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company,
San Francisco, and is reproduced with the Company's permission.

     An environmental protection publication (SW-583) in the solid waste
management series.  Mention of commercial products does not constitute
endorsement by the U.S. Government.

     Single copies of this publication are available from Solid  Waste
Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
45268.

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                Page
                                                                i ...i.IT H


Abstract                                                           1


Introduction                                                     2-3


Landfill Gas Quality and Production Rates                        4~6


Treatment Processes for Upgrading Landfill Gas                  6-22


        Dehydration


           Molecular Sieves                                    11-12


           Triethylene Glycol  (TEG)                            12-15


        Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal


           Molecular Sieves                                       16


           TEG and Hot Potassium Carbonate                     16-18


           Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol  (DMPEG)       18-20


        Liquefied Natural Gas Manufacture                         20


        Propane Addition                                       20-22

                                                               22 — 9 8
Economics of Treating Landfill Gas

                                                                  29
Transportation of Landfill Gas


Other Uses of Landfill Gas


        Generation of Electricity                              29-38


        Production of Methanol                                 38-42


The Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery                        42-47
  Project -  A Case History



Appendix                                                      48-114


Nomenclature


Bibliography
                               111

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                         LIST OF FIGURES
 °^_                                                          Page

 1.  Gas Collection Network - Mountain View Sanitary            7
     Landfill

 2.  Unit Thermal Efficiency vs. Heating Value of               9
     Fuel Gas

 3.  Pounds of Air or Flue Gas vs. Heating Value of            10
     Fuel Gas

 4.  Molecular Sieve Dehydration of Landfill Gas               13

 5.  TEG Dehydration of Landfill Gas                           15

 6.  Hot Carbonate Process                                     17

 7.  DMPEG Process                                             I9

 8.  Propane - Landfill Gas Mixing Process                     21

 9.  Landfill Gas Transportation Cost- Dehydrated Gas          30

10.  Landfill Gas Transportation Cost - Gas with C02 and       31
     H.O Removed or SNG
                                                               34
11.  On-Site Electrical Generation

12.  Electric Power Generation vs. Gas Field Capacity          35

13.  Plant Cost vs. Electric Output                            36

14.  Low Pressure Methanol Synthesis Process                   41

15.  Location Map - Mountain View Landfill Site                *5

16.  Flow Diagram for Mountain View Landfill Gas
     Recovery Project                                          ^

17.  Landfill Production Rate vs. Landfill Area and
     Depth                                                     51
                                IV

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                        LIST OF TABLES



NO.

1.  Measured Landfill Gas Composition                    4

2.  Preliminary Costs for Compression and Treatment  24-25
    of Landfill Gas

3.  Revised Cost Estimate of Production, Compression    j-j
    and Treatment of Landfill Gas

4.  Preliminary Economics of Generating Electricity     3g
    from Landfill Gas

5.  Investment Costs for Methanol Production            42
                           v

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                                ABSTRACT





     The production, treating, transportation and utilization of



landfill gas are discussed in this report.  The economics of these



steps are also covered.  The analysis is performed from the per-



spective of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, one of the



partners in the Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery Demonstration



Project, scheduled to be operating by early 1977.  The U.S.



Environmental Protection Agency is supportinq the City of Mountain



View in this demonstration under Grant No. S-803396-01.
                                    -1-

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                           INTRODUCTION







     In California, the recovery of landfill gas was initiated by



the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County at their Palos



Verdes Sanitary Landfill.



     In 1971, eighteen wells were constructed on the perimeter of



the landfill to prevent gas migration into adjacent properties.



The wells were connected by a collection pipeline which terminated



in a suction blower and gas burner station.  The obvious potential



of landfill gas as a source of energy resulted in a successful



test program to determine the steady-state gas composition and



withdrawal rate.



     NRG NuFUEL (now Reserve Synthetic Fuels Inc.)  and the Sanit-



ation Districts entered into a contract in October  1973, to pro-



duce and purify the landfill gas for a minimum of five years.



Since then, a facility to process about two MMSCFD (million stand-



ard cubic feet per day) of landfill gas was built and has been in



operation since the summer of 1975.



     Also in the Los Angeles area, the Department of Water and



Power of the City of Los Angeles, as an outgrowth of its gas



migration control program at the Sheldon-Arleta Landfill, has



successfully demonstrated the feasibility of generating electricity



from landfill gas.  A combustion engine-generator set was started



in April 1974 and ran until February 1975.  Since then, the Depart-



ment of Water and Power has completed the design of a system to



compress, dehydrate and transport the full gas production of the



Sheldon-Arleta site to its Valley Steam Power Plant.
                                  -2-

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     Encouraged by the success of the Los Angeles programs,

PGandE surveyed, in the summer of 1974, the 32 existing landfills

in the San Francisco Bay Area as potential producers of gas.  This

survey concluded that fourteen of these sites had good potential

and that the Mountain View Landfill operated by the City of Mountain

View was the most promising for an initial demonstration project.(5)

     Also in the summer of 1974, PGandE agreed to assist the City

of Mountain View on an EPA-sponsored study of gas recovery from

the shallow Mountain View Landfill.

     This report is the result of the collaboration between PGandE

and the City of Mountain View on the landfill gas recovery project.

It discusses, in detail, the following topics:

        Landfill gas quality and production rates

        Treatment processes for upgrading landfill gas

           a)  Dehydration

           b)  CO_ and H_S removal

           c)  02 and N2 removal

           d). Propane addition

        Economics of treating landfill gas

        Transportation of landfill gas

        Other uses of landfill gas

           a)  Generation of electricity

           b)  Production of Methanol

        The Mountain View Landfill Gas Recovery Project-A Case
        History

     This report was  prepared by  M.  J.  Blanchet,  with the partici-

pation of M. M. Cahail,  D.  L. Calden,  C.  A.  Clements,  W.  H.  Culver,

D. E. Hall, R.  W.  Headrick,  R.  A.  Holden, M.  R.  Jones,  M.  R.  Lee,

D. H. Luders,  P. Maciel,  P.  0.  Petersen,  E.  C.  Remedies,  and

R. L. Sisler.
                                  -3-

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             LANDFILL GAS QUALITY AND PRODUCTION RATES

     Measured landfill gas composition at Mountain View is as given

in Table 1 (1, 2).

                              TABLE 1

                      MEASUREI

     CONSTITUENT



Methane

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen

Oxygen and Argon •£

Water


Hydrogen Sulfide

Mercaptan Sulfur

Sulfides

Disulfides and Residuals

^ Ar represents at least 50% of the total

* To convert to ppm multiply by 17, 7.63, 6.44 and 4.75 for H2S,
  mercaptan, sulfides and disulfides respectively


     The composition for the major constituents is based on data

taken for a continuous run at a 50 CPM withdrawal rate, lasting

from May 22 to June 30, 1975.  The data for the impurities is based

on more limited runs at a 75 CFM withdrawal rate.

     Test results at both Palos Verdes and Sheldon-Arleta show a

relatively stable composition of 50-56% methane, 40-45% C02e about

1% N2, 0.1% 02/ some heavy hydrocarbons and a hydrogen sulfide
MEASURED GAS COMPOSITION
VOLUME %
Avg.
44.03
34.20
20.81
0.96
Saturated
grains



ils
High
46.49
36.80
23.51
1.69
at 14.7
per 100
0.40
0.00
0.41
0.93
Low
41.38
30.73
19.98
0.48
psia and 90°F
ft.3*
- 0.91
- 0.33
- 1.80
- 1.65
                                    -4-

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content ranging from 0.5 ppm at Sheldon-Arleta to 45 ppm maximum



at Palos Verdes.  (3,4)



     The substantial nitrogen and oxygen content at Mountain View



indicates a high air leakage rate resulting from the shallowness



of this landfill  (40 ft.) as contrasted with the Los Angeles sites



where depth ranges from 100 to 140 feet.  The high hydrogen sulfide



content measured at Palos Verdes may result from its being a Class I



site that receives large quantities of toxic wastes of municipal,



industrial, and agricultural origin (ashes, refinery spent brines,



drilling muds, pesticides and fertilizers, etc.).



     Optimum production rates of about one CFM and three CFM per



foot of well were measured at Sheldon-Arleta and Palos Verdes re-



spectively.  It is difficult to explain the difference between the



two figures except by reiterating that the Palos Verdes Landfill is



a Class I site as opposed to the Class II Sheldon-Arleta site which



contains mostly household refuse.




     At Mountain View, a production rate of one CFM per foot of



well was corroborated.



     In general, landfill gas production  (wet basis) can be expressed



by the following equation: ^)



                       SCFD = 18.77 x 106 (Ah/R2) (1)



Where SCFD is the production rate in standard cubic feet per day, A



is the area of the landfill in acres,  h is its depth in feet, and R



the radius of influence of the wells in feet.




     The estimated life of a production well is given by the follow-



ing equation:



                       t = 2.49 x 10~3 C R2 (2)
                                    -5-

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Where t is the life in years, C the fraction of carbon in SMW con-



verted to methane and carbon dioxide, and R is as defined above.



     Derivation of these equations is given in Appendix I.



They are based on the following assumptions:



     1.  Landfill gas has the composition given in Table 1.



     2.  The optimum gas withdrawal rate is one CFM per foot



         of well.



     At Mountain View, the area influenced by the 20 wells of the



demonstration project covers about 30 acres.  Using equation (1),



an average depth of 35 feet and a radius of influence of 130 feet,



the gas production rate is about 1.166 MMSCFD.   The proposed pipe



layout for the Mountain View project is shown on Figure 1 ^7^.



     Selection of a radius of influence of 130 feet was made on the



basis of tests carried out at Mountain View where pressure drop as



a function of distance from wellhead, elevation within the cell,



and gas withdrawal rate was investigated, d)



     Using equation (2), a reasonable fractional conversion of car-



bon to methane and carbon dioxide of 0.24 corresponds to a 10-year



project life.  A 10-year project life was used in the economic anal-



yses to be discussed in another section of this report.





           TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR UPGRADING LANDFILL GAS



     When compared to natural gas, landfill gas is deficient in



several respects.



     First, due to the presence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen,



landfill gas has a lower heating value  (about 450 Btu/scf versus



1000+ for natural gas).  This relatively low heating value of land-
                                     -6-

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            GAS COLLECTION NETWORK

      MOUNTAIN VIEW SANITARY  LANDFILL
   GAS MAIN  101
                      225' 3"
                            o
                            ro
310' 3"
EXISTING TEST WELLS
                       FIGURE NO. I
            PIPE SUMMARY


             3" = 3,950'

             8" =  905'


           TOTAL 4,855'

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fill gas poses different problems depending upon the way it is



used.  If used alone in a boiler originally designed to burn natural



gas or fuel oil, some retrofitting of the equipment may be required.



Retrofitting requires the replacement and/or modification of burners



and fuel lines to accommodate the higher gas flows.  A thorough



review of the utilization of this kind of gas in existing boilers



is discussed by A. M. Frenberg (8).   It must be stressed that the



efficiency of an existing unit is not expected to decrease with the



firing of landfill gas, as illustrated in Figure 2.  This results



principally from the fact that the amount of flue gas per unit of



heat input is about the same as in the case of firing with natural



gas, as shown in Figure 3.



     If mixed with natural gas, as can be achieved, for example,



by injection of landfill gas into a utility's transmission line, the



heating value of the mixed gases must be kept above 975 Btu/scf in



PGandE's service area.  This specification is set so as to save PGandE



the expense of having to reset all appliances in the area receiving



the mixed gases.  Another difficulty with the mixing of landfill gas



with pipeline gas has to do with the specification requiring that the



heating value of the gas sold to a customer be on the average within



+ 2 Btu/scf of that shown on the customer's utility bill.  Meeting



this specification is particularly difficult in situations where a



constant flow of landfill gas is injected into a grid in which the



flow of gas varies hourly, daily, and seasonally.  It may very well




be that the way to deal with that last problem is to get a variance



from the regulatory agency that has jurisdiction over the project,



whenever possible.  In any event, these heating value specifications
                                    -8-

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limit the mixing ratio of landfill gas with natural gas.



     Second, landfill gas, as it comes out of the ground, is satu-



rated with water.  The water content is about 3,500 Ibs of water



per MMSCF of gas, as compared to a specified water content of 7 Ibs



per MMSCF for pipeline quality gas.  This water specification is



set so as to eliminate corrosion and hydrate formation problems



that would result from a high water content.



     Third, the presence of oxygen in landfill gas is undesirable



as oxygen causes corrosion and tends to react with the odorants



introduced in pipeline gas to facilitate the detection of leaks.



For this last reason, PGandE deems it necessary to limit the oxygen



content in the mixed gases to about 40 ppm.



     Finally, the presence of sulfur compounds in landfill gas is



of concern as the trend has been to limit the content of these com-



pounds to about 4 ppm in pipeline gas.



     In order to deal effectively with the deficiencies described



above, landfill gas must be treated so as to improve its quality.



     Many schemes for treating landfill gas were investigated by



PGandE as part of its involvement in the Mountain View Project.



They are described below:





Dehydration of Landfill Gas with Molecular Sieves



     Molecular sieves are crystalline aluminosilicates, honey-combed



with cavities which are interconnected by pores varying from about



3 to 10 angstron units in diameter depending upon the particular



crystal.  Molecular sieves have the largest surface area per unit



volume of any solid absorbent.  In addition, molecular sieves have



highly localized polar charges.  These localized charges explain the
                                    -11-

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very strong absorption of polar or polarizable compounds on



molecular sieves.  This also results in much higher absorptive



capacities for these materials by molecular sieves than by other



absorbents, particularly in the lower concentration ranges.



     The flow scheme for molecular sieve dehydration is shown in



Figure 4.  Landfill gas is compressed to about 400 psig, then



cooled, and condensed water and organic liquids are separated



from the gas in a knock-out drum.  The gas then flows to a mole-



cular sieve dryer, which reduces the water vapor content to less



that 7 Ib/MMSCF.  Two dryers are required so that one can be re-



generated while the other is in use.  In the scheme shown, re-



generation is accomplished by taking a slip-stream of the dry



product gas, approximately 15% of the total flow, reducing its



pressure, flowing the stream through the dryer to be regenerated



and recyling it to the compressor inlet.  The water vapor picked



up is condensed in the air cooler and separated from the gas in



the knock-out drum.



     The water which this process and the following ones remove



can be injected back into the landfill unless there is already an



excess of leachate.




Dehydration of Landfill Gas With Triethylene Gycol



     A triethylene glycol  (TEG) system can also be used to dehydrate



landfill gas to normal pipeline specifications of 6-7 Ibs H20/MMSCF



gas.



     The factors which have led to the widespread use of glycols



for gas dehydration are their unusual hygroscopicity, excellent



thermal and chemical stability, low vapor pressures, and ready
                                    -12-

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 availability at moderate cost.  Of the available glycols,



triethylene glycol is generally the preferred absorbent where



maximum dew-point depression is required.  The principle reason



for this is its greater stability at the high temperature required



for adequate regeneration.



     A flow diagram for this process is provided in Figure 5.  A



knock-out drum is placed in the compressor suction line to remove



bulk contaminants (solid and condensed liquids).  After compression



and cooling (during which most of the water is removed), the gas



stream enters the TEG absorber/separator tower.  The lower part of



the tower is a separator which removes any free liquids in the gas



stream prior to its entering the absorber section.  The remaining



water-saturated gas then enters the absorber section of the tower



where it counter-currently contacts lean triethylene glycol on



bubble-cap trays.



     The glycol stream containing from 1 to 5% water contacts the



gas in a short, counter-current column.  The water which is ab-



sorbed dilutes the glycol somewhat, and the dilute solution must



be reconcentrated before it can be reused in the absorber.  The



reconcentration is accomplished by distilling water out of the



solution in a regenerator.  Because of the large difference in the



boiling points of water and glycol, a very sharp separation can be



accomplished with a relatively short column.  Some water reflux



must be provided at the top of this column to effect rectification



of the vapors and minimize glycol losses.  Excessive decomposition



of the glycols may occur if the temperature reaches too high a



level.  A recommended maximum temperature is about 400°F for TEG.
                                   -14-

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                                       -15-

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Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With Molecular Sieves
     A molecular sieve system similar to the one described in the
Dehydration section can be also used to remove carbon dioxide and/
or hydrogen sulfide.  The only basic change is in the quantity
and pore size of the sieve pellets used.
Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With TEG and Hot Potassium
Carbonate
    Coupling the TEG dehydration system described previously with
a hot potassium carbonate scrubbing system would allow the removal
of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide as well as dehydration.  A
typical flow sheet for a hot carbonate C02 and H.S removal
(sweetening) process is shown in Figure 6.
     Landfill gas containing C02 and H?S  (sour gas) flows through
a separator (not shown in Figure 6) and a gas-to-gas exchanger.
Heated sour gas enters the absorber in which it is contacted
counter-currently with lean hot potassium carbonate.  The absorber
in a hot carbonate plant normally operates at about 230 F and
400 psig.  CCL and H«S are absorbed by the lean carbonate solution.
     The sweetened gas leaves the top of the absorber (with a high
water content) and passes through the gas-to-gas exchanger.  Be-
cause of th-e sweetened gas' water content/   dehydration is normally
required.  The TEG system described previously can accomplish the
required dehydration.
     Rich carbonate solution leaves the bottom of the absorber and
flows to the stripper which operates in the range of 2 to 10 psig.
The sudden release in pressure flashes a  large portion of the
acid gases on the top tray.  The partially stripped solution then
flows down the stripper for further regeneration with steam from
                                   -16-

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 SIMPLIFIED  PROCESS  FLOW DIAGRAM

     HOT CARBONATE PROCESS
SWEETENED

GAS OUT


  SOUR

 GAS IN
cr
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                            IACID GAS
                              OUT
                         _jr
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                     PE^
          FIGURE NO.
                  -17-

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the reboiler.



     The acid gases, together with some water vapor, pass over-



head and through the condenser.  Steam is condensed and separated



from the acid gases in the reflux accumulator.  From the accumlator



water is returned to the stripper as reflux and the acid gases are



flared or further processed.



     Lean solution from the bottom of the stripper is pumped to



the top of the absorber for reuse.  Temperature at the bottom of



the stripper will normally run in the 240-250 F range.




Dehydration and Carbon Dioxide Removal With The DMPEG Process



     The DMPEG process, which dehydrates landfill gas as well as



removes carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, is shown in the



simplified process flow diagram of Figure 7.



     Landfill gas is compressed and cooled by exchange with the



treated gas.  Condensed water is separated prior to contact with



the solvent which physically absorbs carbon dioxide.  The solvent



is the dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol  (DMPEG).



     The cold lean solvent entering the top of the absorber re-



duces the temperature of the treated gas enough to condense suffic-



ient water to meet the product gas water vapor content specification.



     DMPEG having significantly greater solubility for hydrogen



sulfide than for carbon dioxide, some selectivity for hydrogen



sulfide can be designed into the absorption system.



     No reboiler heat is required for solvent regeneration.  The



solvent is chilled prior to two flash separations.  The first



flash separation releases dissolved methane which is recirculated.



The second flash generation vents carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and



water vapor to the atmosphere.  The product gas has a water content less
                                    -18-

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than 7 Ibs/MMSCF and contains less than 5% carbon dioxide.  In



some instances, particularly when treating for hydrogen sulfide



removal, gas stripping or vacuum regeneration will be required.




Liquefied Natural Gas Manufacture



     To remove other impurities from the landfill gas such as



oxygen and nitrogen, cryogenic methods would have to be employed.



Essentially, these methods are similar to those used in the pro-



uction of liquefied natural gas, and involve compression, de-



hydration, CCL removal, and refrigeration to liquefy methane.  The



cost of this approach is prohibitive for volumes of gas in the 1-5



MMSCFD range.  This is shown in Table 2 of the section on Economics



of Treating Landfill Gas.




Propane Addition



     This is a method of increasing the heating value of landfill



gas by blending this gas with propane which has a very high heating



value (2,517 Btu/scf).  A typical flow diagram for this blending



process is shown in Figure 8.



     Three separate cases were considered.  In Case A, dehydrated



landfill gas («^450 Btu/scf) is blended with propane to produce a



1,000 Btu/scf gas.  If treated gas from the dehydrator is available



at a minimum pressure of 50-100 psig, the compressor shown in



Figure 8 would not be required.  A process outlet pressure of



75 psig should be adequate to deliver the gas to most customers



without further compression.  Injection into^ a gas transmission



grid will, however, require much higher pressures.



     Case B is similar to Case A except that the landfill gas has



a heating value of 700 Btu/scf which corresponds to landfill gas
                                     -20-

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-2.1-

-------
with water, and carbon dioxide removed.



     Case C uses 975 Btu/scf which corresponds to landfill gas



which has had water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen removed.




Economics of Treating Landfill Gas



     The economics of landfill gas treatment are presented in



Tables 2 and 3.



     The data in Table 2 is preliminary and comes from a screening



analysis performed in the spring of 1975.  Consequently, this



data is in mid - 1975 dollars, and is based on vendor estimates



rather than firm quotes.



     The economics are for a raw landfill gas flow rate of 1 to



5 MMSCFD.   When completed, the Mountain View Landfill is expected



to produce approximately 5 MMSCFD  of raw gas so a flow rate of



1 to 5 MMSCFD  was used for preliminary evaluation.



     As can be seen from Table 2, costs of treating landfill gas



increase as a higher quality gas is produced.  For simple de-



hydration (500 Btu/scf product) estimated costs are $0.31 to



$0.50/MMBtu (Options I and II).  For dehydration plus C0_ removal



(700 Btu/scf product) the treating costs increase to $0.62 to



$1.00/MMBtu (Option III).  The cost of removing all impurities



(975 Btu/scf product) is $1.93/MMBtu.



     The propane addition cases are based on maximum gas flow



rates of about 4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 MMSCFD  respectively.  As propane



addition would take place downstream of landfill gas treating,



these gas rates match well with the maximum outlet rates corre-



sponding to the three levels of treating considered  (dehydration,



dehydration plus CO- removal and removal of all impurities) .,  For
                                   -22-

-------
instance, the cost of treating and upgrading landfill gas using



molecular sieves in Option III is $0.62 plus $1.45 for propane



addition for a total of $2.07 per MMBtu.  This includes both the



cost and the heating value of propane, with the cost in this case



amounting to approximately 1.6 million dollars per year on the



basis of a propane cost of $0.30 per gallon.  Excluding both the



cost and the heating value of propane itself, the capital, operat-



ing and maintenance costs for propane upgrading are approximately



0.13, 0.07 and 0.04 $/MMBtu for the three levels of treatment



respectively.



     The preliminary economics of Table 2 do not include a pay-



ment to the landfill operator for purchase of the gas or the costs



of installing the necessary wells and collection system.



     On the basis of the preliminary treating economics of



Table 2, a decision was made to proceed with the Mountain View



Demonstration Project using Option III gas treatment (700 Btu/scf



product), with injection of the treated gas directly into a near-



by PGandE natural gas transmission line.  This decision was taken



for the following reasons:



          1.  The experimental nature of the project made it



              impractical to attempt sale of the gas to nearby



              industrial gas customers (not a sufficiently



              reliable supply).



          2.  Other uses of the landfill gas production or on-



              site electrical generation  are costly and neces-



              sitate a larger capital investment for a small scale



              demonstration project which may not have a long



              enough life to be economically viable.
                                 -23-

-------
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           3.  The proximity of a large transmission line



               which does not depend on landfill source gas



               makes pipeline injection an economical and low



               risk approach.



           4.  Option I (simple dehydration)  would depress the



               heating value of the mixed landfill and natural



               gas too much during periods of minimum flow in



               the transmission line.



           5.  Option IV  (removal of all impurities) and propane



               addition are both expensive and unnecessary if the



               landfill gas is injected into the high flow trans-



               mission line.



     Table 3 presents final design economics for treating landfill



gas by dehydration and CO- removal (Option III).   It is based on



a landfill gas flow rate of 1 MMSCFD.   This flow rate was selected



because it is large enough to demonstrate the economic viability



of the concept but holds capital risk to a minimum.  The data in



Table 3 is expressed in early 1976 dollars, and is the result of



analysis of firm vendor bids received in conjunction with the final



design for the Mountain View Demonstration Project.



     In addition to the information contained in Table 2, the



data in Table 3 includes the cost of wells, gathering system and



analytical equipment.  The cost of these items amounts to between



0.18 and 0.23 dollars per MMBtu delivered to the treating plant.



     Table 3 shows the molecular sieves to have a substantial



advantage over the other processes considered.  This is largely



the result of its higher thermal efficiency.  In addition, there
                              -26-

-------
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are indications that operation at reduced gas flow rates favor



molecular sieves over DMPEG.  With the molecular sieves process,



the cost of treating landfill gas at 5 MMSCFD to produce 700 Btu/



scf gas is estimated at $1.9/MMBtu.



     Neither Table 2 or Table 3 includes long distance landfill



gas transportation costs, as such transportation is not required



for the demonstration project.  Generalized landfill gas trans-



portation costs are discussed in the next section.



     In all cases, except for those relating to propane addition,



the fixed charges constitute the largest fraction of the total



investment.  In this analysis a fixed charge factor 0.248 was



used.   It is broken down as follows:



             Capital Recovery Factor            0.160



             Federal and State Income Taxes     0.057



             Ad Valorem Tax                     0.030



             Insurance                          0.001



                 Total                          0.248



     The factor is based on a 12% cost of capital, a 10-year life



and a salvage value of 30%.  The use of such factors is standard



practice in the utility business.  Private, non-regulated companies



can use the capital and operating cost data to perform their own



discounted cash flow computations.
                               -28-

-------
Gas Transportation



     Two nomographs  (Figures 9 and 10) have been developed




which provide generalized cost data for the transportation of



landfill gas as a function of:  distance to the point of utiliz-



ation, flow rate, available supply pressure and heating value.



The delivery pressure in each case is assumed to be 25 psig.  The



cost to transport the gas is given in cents per million Btu and



is based on 1975 dollars.  Pipeline construction costs are inter-



mediate for terrain between difficult and normal.  The pipeline



facility in each case is assumed to have a 10-year life.




Other Uses of Landfill Gas



Electric Generation



     As discussed previously, on-site electrical generation has



already been shown to be a viable use for landfill gas by the



City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.  They have



successfully operated a 200-kilowatt generating unit for over  a



year at their Sheldon-Arleta Landfill.



     The types of electrical generating equipment investigated



were:  1)  engine-generators, 2)  gas turbine-generators and 3) fuel



cells.



        1)   Engine-Generators



     Of the manufacturers contacted by PGandE, the engine-generator



suppliers showed the most interest.  This is probably due to the



present application of their engines to the generation of power



from sewage plant off-gas which has about the same heating value



as landfill gas.
                                -29-

-------
    LANDFILL  GAS TRANSPORTATION COST
                   DEHYDRATED  GAS<~500 BTU/SCF)
100-r
90-
80--
 70--
 60--
 50-
 40-^
 20--
 10-
        COST  BASED  ON 1975 DOLLARS
    AND 25 PSIG DELIVERY PRESSURE

Example 1:
Given gas available at 2.5 MMcf/day,  and
100 PSIG, find  the cost to deliver the
gas 8 miles.
Solution;
Place a straight edge on scale B at 2.5
and on the mile scale at 8,  read the  answer
on the cost scale, 39.6C/MMBtu.
Example 2:
Given gas available at 2.0 MMcf/day,  and
400 PSIG, find  the cost to deliver the/
gas 7 miles.                      /
Solution:
Place a straight edge on scale
2.0 and on the  mile scale at 7,
read the answer on the cost   .
scale, 24.4
                       MMCF/DAY (0400 PSIG
                                               j^-
                 /
    -   ^
    ~  <^
              /
    ^      j
  _ i    t\7
                                                 4.0
                                                 3.5
                                                 J-0
                                                -1.5
                                                _ .75
_k
                                          SCALE
                                    MMCF/DAY (0 IOO PSIG
               MILES OF PIPE
                                                   -5.0
                                                   -4.5
                                                   -4.0

                                                   -3.5

                                                   -3.0

                                                   -2.5
                                                     -2.0
                                                     -1.5
                                            - I.O
                                              .9

                                            - .8
                                            - .75
                                             FIGURE  NO.
                                 -30-

-------
               LANDFILL  GAS  TRANSPORTATION  COST
DEHYDRATED  GAS  WITH  CARBON  DIOXIDE REMOVED & SUBSTITUTE  NATURAL  GAS
                             (700 OR 975  BTU/SGF)
                              COST BASED ON 1975 DOLLARS
   100-r-              AND 25 PSIG DELIVERY PRESSURE.
            Example  1:
            Given gas available at 2.5  MMcf/day,  400 PSIG and  700 Btu,
            find the cost to deliver the gas 10 miles.
            Solution:
   90
   80--
   70
 ~     Place a straight edge on scale A at 1.5 and on
 ~     the mile scale at 7,  read the answer on the
--     cost scale,  15.1/MMBtu.
            Example  2:
            Given gas available at 1.5 MMcf/day, 400 PSIG, and 975 Btu,
            find the cost to deliver the gas 7 miles.
            Solution:
                                         SCALE
                                  MMCF/OAY 
-------
        2)  Gas Turbines



     In general, the gas turbines seemed to be of the wrong size




for landfill field capacities investigated (0.2 - 5 MMSCFD).



They were either too small with the result that a number would



be installed in parallel or too large with the consequence that



they could not efficiently burn the fuel.



        3)  Fuel Cells



     As fuel cells are still in the early developmental stages,



the suppliers could not respond in any detail.  However, this



option should be kept in mind as a possible future means of gener-



ating electric power from landfill gas.  One supplier confirmed



that the gas composition is suitable for use in its fuel cell and



estimated that the heat rates would be 9,660 Btu/kwh.  Fuel gas



supply pressure would need to be about 35 psig which would not



impose a large auxiliary power requirement.



     The engine-generator appears, at this time, to be the economical



choice.  Its first cost is slightly less than the gas turbine-



generator, its net heat rate is better, maintenance costs are about



the same, and it requires less compression of the fuel gas before



injection into the engine.  (Gas pressures of 5 to 10 psig are



satisfactory for the spark type engine, and about 50 psig required



for the diesel, whereas gas turbines require 250 to 300 psig).



     A generating plant would consist of one spark type engine-



generator for a 0.2 MMSCFD gas supply and three units for a 1.0



MMSCFD gas field.  A field whose capacity exceeds a 1 MMSCFD but



is under 5 MMSCFD would be served by one low-speed, diesel-generator




unit.
                                -32-

-------
      Figure 11 of this report shows a simplified equipment
diagram for on-site power generation.  Figures 12 and 13 are
graphs showing gross electric power generation versus landfill
gas field capacity for various higher heating values of the gas,
and capital cost (in February 1975 dollars) versus generating
capacity respectively.
      Since PGandE does not have a great deal of experience in
the operation or maintenance of engine-generator units, it has
relied on the suppliers for estimates of the costs involved.  An
operating and maintenance cost of 3.0 mils/kwh should be represent-
ative for the spark type engines and 1.5 mils/kwh for the low-
speed, diesel engines.
      Figures 13 shows the estimated installed plant costs in
February 1975 dollars versus electric output for a unit burning
500 Btu/scf gas.  The cost includes indirect and overhead charges
and is based on purchasing new equipment with engineering and
construction done by PGandE personnel.  No provision was made for
a gas collection grid, land, or the purchase of the landfill gas.
The curve shows a general decrease of plant cost in $/kw as the
generating capacity increases as would be expected, but it also
indicates the high cost of this type of generation.  For example,
a 10 mw generating facility would cost about 300 $/kw.
      The generating equipment is skid-mounted and factory-piped
and wired wherever possible to minimize installation time and to
provide for easy relocation of the facility in the future.  All
pieces of equipment with the exception of the gas compressors,
step-up transformer(s), high voltage breaker(s) and high voltage
                                  -33-

-------
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                             -35-

-------
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                                   -36-

-------
bus are contained within a building to provide weather protection



and sound attenuation.  Air-cooled heat exchangers are used



throughout so that make-up water is kept to a minimum.



     The generator output voltage is 4.2 kv with step-up trans-



formers provided to raise the voltage to 12 kv, which is typical



for PGandE's distribution.  The auxiliary power supply is stepped



down to 480 V.  A simplified single line diagram is included in



Figure 11.



     The injection of a small quantity of pilot oil into the fuel



gas is recommended by the supplier for the diesel-generator unit.



This would provide a better fuel composition for ignition by the



heat of compression within the engine cylinders.  Typical pilot



oil would be No. 2 diesel fuel oil, kerosine, etc.



     The emission of atmospheric pollutants is not expected to be



a problem.  When firing a gas with a composition shown in the



landfill gas quality and production rate section, they should be



well within the applicable State and local regulations.



     Assuming that a centralized generating complex would be pro-



vided, the following minimum space requirements would be needed:



            Field Capacity          Plot Length       Plot Width



              0.2 MMSCFD              140 ft.           so ft.



              1.0 MMSCFD              150 ft.          110 ft.



              2.0 MMSCFD              155 ft.           80 ft.



              3.0 MMSCFD              160 ft.           80 ft.



              5.0 MMSCFD              165 ft.           80 ft.
                                  -37-

-------
     Due to the successful utilization of sewage plant inter-



mediate Btu off-gas as a fuel for diesel and spark type engines,



it can be concluded that it is technically feasible to fire land-



fill gas in these engines.  Compression of the gas to the 5 to 50



psig level is required, but this does not impose a significant



auxiliary power load on the generation capabilities.  Plant heat



rates should be about 9,800 Btu/kwh for the spark type engine and



about 9,300 Btu/kwh for the diesel engine.  About 26% of the heat



available in the fuel is rejected in the exhaust gases at about



1,050 F, and the remaining heat is lost to the jacket cooling



medium, the lubricating oil and by radiation.  Part of the exhaust



gas heat could be easily converted into low pressure steam which



may be of some value at or near the site.  In the sewage plant



applications, this heat is used to heat sewage sludge digesters.



     The economics of generating electricity from landfill gas



are shown in Table 4.  At a landfill gas rate of 1 MMSCFD, 1.8 mw



of capacity can be sustained at a cost of $0.037 per kwhr.  This



would make electricity from landfill gas competitive with power



to be generated in new coal-fired or nuclear plants.




Conversion To Methanol



     Another use of landfill gas is its conversion to methanol.



For the small capacity plants that would be used in this type of



operation, the low-pressure process for producing methanol is far



more economical than the high pressure one.



     For this particular use of landfill gas, the presence of



carbon dioxide in the gas could prove to be advantageous.  The



stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to carbon required to produce
                                 -38-

-------
                                 TABLE 4

PRELIMINARY ECONOMICS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM LANDFILL GAS



     Raw Landfill Gas Rate, MMSCFD                   1.0

     Generating Capacity, kw                       1,800

     Electric Output, Kwhr/yr 1)              13,400,000

     Total Installed Cost of Generating        1,600,000
       Equipment, $

     Fixed Charges, $/yr  2)                     397,800

     Operation and Maintenance at $.003/kwhr,     40,200
       S/yr

     Fuel Costs at $0.45/MMBtu 3) and 9,800       59,100
       Btu/kwhr

     Total Costs, $/yr                           496,100

     Cost of Electricity Generated, $/kwhr         0.037


     1)   Based on 310 days of operation per year

     2)   Based on factor of 0.248 (see Table 2 for details)

     3)   Represents what it would cost PGandE to install the
         equipment to extract, gather and compress the gas to
         about 5 psig.  Also includes what PGandE might pay
         for the gas.
                                  -39-

-------
methanol is 2:1.  This is shown by the overall reaction which is:
          CH_ + HO	^  CO +2H 	v  CH.OH
            ^    A          ^        ^         ~f    J
Methane with its 4:1 hydrogen to carbon ratio would produce,
after reforming, a synthesis gas with an excess of hydrogen.
Carbon dioxide in the feed stream would add the needed extra
carbon atoms.  A survey of samples taken from Shoreline Regional
Park, however, has shown that the composition of landfill gas is
such that there is still an excess of carbon dioxide present
which may or may not have to be removed, depending on the economics
of the particular process chosen.  Preliminary clean-up costs have
been taken into account in our sample economics.   Any sulfur con-
tained in the gas would also have to be removed in order not to
poison the catalyst in the converter later in the process.
     The feed stream (see Figure 14) is reacted in the primary
reformer to form synthesis gas:

          OX, + H,,  ,	s»  CO + HO
The synthesis gas is then compressed to between 50 and 100 atomo-
spheres depending on the size of the plant.  The gas enters the
methanol converter where it is reacted over a copper oxide catalyst
at temperatures in the range of 480 - 520°F.  The methanol is
separated from the unreacted gas by cooling and the unreacted gas
is recycled through the process.
     The low pressure process produces a crude methanol of higher
purity than does the high pressure process, but distillation is
still required to remove the impurities.  The distillation process
employs two columns, the first of which strips volatile impurities
                                 -40-

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                                       -41-

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(dimethyl ether, esters, ketones, and iron carbonyl)  and the



second removes water and higher alcohols.  If the methanol is



to be used as a fuel rather than as a petrochemical feedstock,



the higher alcohols need not be separated form the methanol and



thus only one column would be necessary.



     Some sample economics for methanol production are shown in



Table 5.  Since methanol production is uneconomical for small



volumes of gas, plant throughputs of 5 and 10 MMscfd were chosen.



It is possible for some of the larger landfills or a group of



landfills to produce this volume of gas.  The economics are based



on January 1975 dollars.  No provision has been made for wells,



collection grid, land, or purchase of the gas.




                            Table 5



            Investment Costs For Methanol Production
LANDFILL GAS FLOW
Process Investment, M$
Product, Short tons/day
Product Cost, $/MMBtu
$/gallon
The Mountain View Landfill Gas
5 MMSCFD
5,000
68.5
4.01
0.26
Recovery Project -
10 MMSCFD
7,500
137
2.55
0.17
- A Case History
     In the summer of 1974, following a survey of the 32 existing



landfills in the San Francisco Bay Area which showed fourteen of



these sites to have good potential as gas producers, PGandE agreed



to assist the City of Mountain View on an EPA-sponsored study of



gas recovery in shallow landfills at the Mountain View site.



     In the summer of 1975, the project was expanded to include



a demonstration facility to extract and treat one MMSCFD of
                                -42-

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landfill gas.  The EPA agreed to contribute $200,000 to the pro-



ject.  PGandE agreed to pay for the balance of the project cost/



estimated at $416,000.



     In the fall of 1975, a contract was successfully negotiated



by PGandE and the City of Mountain View that sets forth the price



to be paid for the gas and the conditions under which the facility



will be designed, built and operated.  The contract also discusses



the procedure to be followed for expanding the project to recover



gas from the rest of the landfill.  A copy of the contract is




attached in the Appendix.



     As part of the screening analysis carried out in order to



get management approval for the expanded demonstration project,



the following decisions were made regarding the scope of the



project:



     1.  Production was limited to 1 MMSCFD of landfill gas at



         the wellhead.  This production rate is representative



         of what the fourteen promising sites in the San Francisco



         Bay Area can sustain.  It limits,to an extent, the risk



         capital tied down in the project.   Finally, it is large



         enough that it produces gas which is competitive with



         what PGandE pays for gas imported from Canadian sources,



         providing EPA's contribution is deducted from the total



         investment.



     2.  The concept of distributing dehydrated landfill gas to



         industrial interruptible customers located in the vicinity



         of the landfill was rejected as the landfill gas was not



         considered a sufficiently reliable source and the few
                                -43-

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         customers that could use the gas showed an erratic



         demand pattern which would require frequent shutdown of



         the facility.  In addition, the construction of a low-



         Btu gas distribution grid would have required prior



         approval of the Public Utility Commission of the State



         of California.



     3.  Injection of the treated gas (700 Btu/scf) into trans-



         mission line 101 was chosen over injection into the



         local distribution system at Mountain View in order to



         meet the two specifications relating to heating value



         (mixed gas heating value of 975 Btu/scf, and fluctuations



         within +2 Btu/scf) that are discussed previously.  The



         fact that transmission line 101 runs across the Mountain



         View Landfill favored injection into the transmission



         system.  Figure 15 locates the Mountain View project



         with regard to PGandE's transmission system on the



         San Francisco Peninsula.



     Late in the fall of 1975, specifications were prepared for



the compressor and the treating unit that were sent out for bids.



A copy of these specifications is included in the Appendix.  Bids



were received in January of 1976.  Following review of these bids,



revised economics were prepared and form the basis of Table 3 in



the section on economics.




     The process using molecular sieves has since then been



selected and orders have been placed for the equipment.  A new



round of bids have been requested for a somewhat modified com-



pression scheme involving compression to some intermediate pressure,
                                -44-

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-45-

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followed by treating and subsequent compression to 400 psig.



The process is illustrated in Figure 16.



     The facility is expected to be in operation by the early 1977,
                                -46-

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                                   APPENDIX


  I.   Derivation of Working Equations

        Quantity of gas produced per ton of SMW

        Tonnage in place as a function of area and depth

        Volume and time calcuation
 II.   Specifications for Landfill  Gas Compressor and Purification
      Unit for Mountain View Landfill Project


III.   Agreement between the City of Mountain View and PGandE
      relating to the Mountain View Landfill Project
                                -48-

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I.  Derivation of Working Equations

    Quantity of Gas Produced per Ton of SMW

        Assuming that one lb mole of carbon yields one Ib mole

of gas, then the volume of gas produced per ton of SMW is:

                   V = 16,540 scf/ton of SMW <3)

        This number assumes 100% conversion of carbon and a carbon

content of the as-received SMW of 26% by weight^).

        Correcting for air leakage and assuming, in addition, that

this gas has the composition shown in Table 1,  the volume at the

wellhead would be on a wet basis:

                  VREC = 21135 C, scf/ton <4)

Where C represents the fractional conversion of carbon to gas.

    Tonnage In-Place as a Function of Area and Depth

        The tonnage of refuse in-place is related to landfill area

and depth as follows:
                     W = 0.807 Ah p
              where  W = tons of SMW in-place
                     A = landfill area, acres
                     h = landfill depth, feet
                     p = in-place density of SMW, Ib/yd

        Assuming that p = 1,000 Ib/yd , the equation becomes:

                     W = 807 Ah (6>

    Volume/Time Calculations

        The City of Los Angeles Water and Power Department and the

City of Mountain View have, on the basis of their testing of the

methane from landfill concept at the Sheldon-Arleta and Mountain

View sites, established an optimum production rate of one CFM per

foot of well depth.
                                  -49-

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        On this basis, the production rate of a  site  is  given

by the following equation:

                     Q = 19.97 x 106   (Ah/R2)  (7)

Where:

        Q = production rate at wellhead conditions, CFD

        R = well radius of influence, feet

        A and h are as defined above

Under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, the  pro-

duction rate equation becomes:

                  SCFD = (Q)  (Tsc)   (Pwh)    (8)
                              (Twh)   (Psc)
                       = 0.94Q

Where:

                   Tsc = 520 °R

                   Twh = 550 °R

                   Pwh = 14.6 psia

                   Psc = 14.7 psia

        Combining (8) and (7), the following equation is obtained;

                  SCFD = 18.77 x 106  (Ah/R2)  (1)

This equation was used to generate the graph on  Figure 17.

        It is obvious that:

                 (VREC) (W)  = 365  (SCFD)  (t)  (9)

Where:

                     t = time, year

        Combining (1), (6), (4) with  (9), the latter  equation

becomes:

                     t = 2.49 x 10~3 CR2  (2)
                                 -50-

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                                                          Specification No.  2785
GM
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           II
                               SPECIFICATIONS

                                    For

                        FURNISHING AND DELIVERY

                                  OF A

                      COMPRESSOR FOR LANDFILL GAS

                                  AT THE

                CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW  LANDFILL FACILITY
                      PACIFIC CAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
                         San Francisco, California
                                            BIDDER—SIGN  HERE TO  INDICATE
                                            THIS HAS BScN  USED IN PP.EPARING PROPOSAL
                                            SIGNATURE.

                                            DATE	
APPROVED BY    C.  J. TATEOSIAN
              Manager, Gas  System Design

DATE:         September 23,  1975
                                     -52-

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                          ADDENDUM
                    Specification No. 2785
    Bidder shall quote as an alternate the additional cost
    of furnishing all gas piping,  valves,  fittings, pres-
    sure vessels (excluding cylinders),  heat exchangers,
    etc., for 600 psig working pressure at 300°F in lieu
    of the 400 psig working pressure at 300°F requested
    in the attached specification section 7.1.  Operating
    conditions will remain the same.
2.  The second sentence of Paragraph 7.1 should read as
    follows:

            All gas piping shall be in accordance
            with the requirements of Paragraph
            192.111 of CPUC G.O. 112-C.
                             -53-

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                                                     Specification No.  2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page  1
                             SPECIFICATION  2785
                   COMPRESSOR FOR LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION

1.0  GENERAL

          This Specification covers  furnishing one  (1) heavy-duty compressor
     plant to be located on the San  Francisco Bay shore.  The plant will
     consist of a reciprocating-compressor with heavy-duty gas engine, gas
     scrubbers, gas cooler, and necessary appurtenances for  a self-contained
     unit, all mounted on a rigid structural steel  skid.  Electric drive
     shall be quoted as an alternate.   The unit service will be compressing
     landfill gas from approximately atmospheric pressure to 400 psig  (maxi-
     mum).  Normal operating exit pressure will be  350-400 psig.  Unit is to
     be fully automatic except for manual start and capable  of operating
     unattended except for daily servicing.  Design emphasis should be placed
     on reliability of operation and low maintenance cost.   Compressor should
     be able to operate 72 hours without attendance.

          All requirements of this Specification are to be met by the {supplier
     unless specifically noted otherwise.

     1.1  Attached data sheets and General Conditions Specification  (F-D)
          (MF) are a part of this Specification.
2.0  OPERATION CONDITIONS

     2.1  The gas to be compressed and also used for fuel in the engine (if
          gas driven) is landfill gas of the following composition:
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                   -54-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 2
          Constituent                                        Percent
              CH,                                     40-45
              C02                                     30-35
              02                                      0.5-2.0
              N2                                      19-24
              H2                                      0-0.02
              CO                                      0-.01
              H2S                                     0.02
              H20                                     Sat'd @ 4" W.C @ 100°F

          2.1.1  The compressor  is  to be automatically controlled to hold a
                pre-set pressure on the suction side by varying engine speed,
                loading and unloading  cylinders, and/or opening or closing
                pneumatically operated pockets.  Bidder should give full data
                on recommended  unloading  steps and maximum and minimum con-
                tinuous engine  speeds.  All  information is to be indicated
                on the attached data sheets.
3.0  The bidder shall furnish the following accessories with each engine:

     3.1  Engine Starter

          3.1.1  A reliable and complete starting  system.   (A pneumatic
                 starter suitable for operation on 100 psig landfill  gas  and
                 natural gas is preferred.)

     3.2  Sensing devices for a safety shutdown system with first unsafe
          indication which covers the following:

          3.2.1  Overspeed.

          3.2.2  Low lube oil pressure.

                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E

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                                                 Specification No.  2785
                                                 September 23, 1975
                                                 Page 3
     3.2.3  High lube oil temperature.

     3.2.4  High jacket-water temperature.

     3.2.5  Vibration.

     3.2.6  High liquid level in suction and discharge scrubbers.

     A pneumatic shutdown and enunciation system is preferred.

3.3  Complete safety shutoff valves,  pilot valves,  regulating valves,
     and all engine piping and manifolding necessary for a landfill gas
     fuel system.

3.4  All foundation bolts, nuts, washers, jackscrews and soleplates.,

3.5  Oil pumps, gauges, and integral  piping for a complete, automatic
     lubrication system.

3.6  One complete set of special tools.

3.7  A Peco Full Flow Oil Filter.

3.8  Mechanical tachometer with clutch mounted on engine.

3.9  A suitable residential exhaust silencer.

3.10 A silenced intake air filter; American Air Filter Cycoil or equal.

3.11 Automatic temperature control of the engine and compressor jacket
     water and lube oil, both by direct acting temperature controlled
     three-way bypass valves.
                                    SAMPLE ONLY
                                    NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                    WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM  PG&E
                            -56-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 4
     3.12 A fuel gas heater with bypass  connected  to the jacket water system.

     3.13 An automatic governor  and  speed  control  which works through the
          governor spring and not by a throttle  actuating device - a governor
          whose setting can be controlled  by  a 3-151t signal.  (Controller is
          to be furnished by  Purchaser.)   Bidder is requested to include in
          his quote the manufacturer model and type of governor to be used
          along with a drawing which shows how the remote speed control
          device operates. No bid will  be considered that does not have this
          information.
4.0  The bidder shall furnish the following with each  compressor:

     4.1  Compressor cylinders shall be designed for 400 psig operating
          pressure and hydrostatically tested to 600 psig.

     4.2  Compressor shall be furnished with  oversized 72 hour  capacity
          cylinder forced feed lubricators.

     4.3  Compressor cylinder rod shall have  vented flurocarbon packing.

     4.4  Compressor cylinders shall have pneumatically operated  suction valve
          and clearance pocket unloaders as required suitable for operation
          with digester gas at a maximum pressure of 50 psi.

     4.5  Compressor cylinders will be piped  for cooling.

          Note;  Purchaser will furnish the unloader and speed  control system
                 controls.
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -57-

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                                                      Specification No.,  2785
                                                      September  23,  1975
                                                      Page  5

5.0  COOLING EQUIPMENT FOR EACH UNIT

     5.1  General

          Cooling for jacket water,  lube oil,  compressor cylinders,  and  gas
          shall be accomplished with a forced  draft  air  cooled heat exchanger.

          Cooling equipment shall be designed  to provide sufficient cooling
          at minimum engine speed and full engine BMEP.   The  design operating
          conditions are as follows:

          5.1.1  The gas cooling coils shall be designed for  the lower of the
                 maximum cylinder pressure or  400 psig at 300°F.

          5.1.2  The water cooling coils shall be designed for 100 psig  at
                 250°F.

          5.1.3  The design ambient air temperature  is 30-100°F.

          5.1.4  The minimum net tube side fouling factor shall be 0.004 for
                 the gas cooling coils, 0.001  for the engine/compressor  water
                 cooling coils.

          5.1.5  Elevation of the location is sea level.

          5.1.6  Maximum gas discharge temperature leaving cooler shall  be
                 120°F.
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                       -58-

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                                                 Specification No. 2785
                                                 September  23, 1975
                                                 Page  6
5.2  Cooling Coils
     All coils used in the air cooled heat  exchanger  shall  consist of
     tubes with either continuous helical fins  or extruded  fins and
     adequate supporting framework.   The design shall be  such  that the
     tubes are individually removable for replacement and repair without
     disconnecting piping.  All coils shall be  hydrostatically tested
     at one and one-half times their design working pressure.

5.3  Headers

     5.3.1  Headers shall be preferably of  the  box type design with
            brass plugs opposite each tube  end.  Tube holes shall be
            drilled, reamed and grooved in  accordance with  standard heat
            exchanger practice for rolled tube  joints.  Headers shall be
            either cast steel or welded steel.

     5.3.2  Gas headers shall comply with the provisions  of the ASME
            Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels and be  Code stamped.  The
            Manufacturer shall supply appropriate code certificates.

     5.3.3  All headers shall be supplied with  vents  and  drains and all
            nozzles shall have at least one 3/4-inch  plugged connection.

5.4  Fans and Driving Mechanisms

     5.4.1  Fans shall be adjustable pitch  with a minimum of four blades.
            Fan tip speeds shall not exceed 9,000 feet per  minute.

     5.4.2  The cooler fan shall be driven  from the engine  through a
            heavy-duty mechanism, suitable  for  the variable speed
            operation of the engine.
                                    SAMPLE ONLY
                                    NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                    WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                              -59-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 7
          5.4.3  Safety Guards
                 The bidder shall  furnish individual guards for the mechanical
                 drive equipment and  the fan of the cooler.  Guards shall com-
                 ply with the  provisions of the Safety Orders issued by the
                 State of California, Division of Industrial Safety and OSHA.

          5.4.4  Bidder shall  completely fill out and return the attached
                 data sheets.
6.0  SCRUBBERS
     Baffle drip type scrubbers with reflex  type  liquid  level  gauges, high
     level automatic shutdown and automatic  drains  shall be  installed on both
     inlet, outlet, and interstage sides of  the compressor.
7.0  PIPING

     7.1  General
          All gas piping, valves,  fittings and  pressure vessels  shall be
          designed for 400 psig working pressure  at  300°F.   All  gas piping
          shall be in accordance with the latest  edition  of the  American
          Standard Code for Pressure Piping.  All pressure  vessels, heat-
          exchangers, etc., shall comply with the ASME Code for  Unfired
          Pressure Vessels.
                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE  WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM PG&E
                                       -60-

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                                                     Specification No. 2785
                                                     September 23, 1975
                                                     Page 8
     7.2  The necessary fuel  gas piping,  valves, relief valves, and regulators
          shall be provided by  the bidder.  PG&E will furnish the gas meter.

     7.3  All drains from various headers,  drips, and automatic liquid dumps
          shall be piped to a common location on the skid.

     7.4  Removable screens mounted  in  frames shall be installed on the inlet
          flange of each compressor  cylinder.  These screens will be removed
          after the unit has  been placed  in operation long enough to determine
          that no further dirt  is going into the compressor.

     7.5  Instrument and control piping shall be seamless stainless steel
          tubing.  In addition, the  suction valve unloaders and clearance
          pockets shall be connected and  piped to a single point on the skid
          to be designated later.  These  lines will connect to a separate
          panel to be mounted adjacent  to the skid.   (This panel will be
          supplied by Purchaser.)
8.0  GAUGE BOARD AND INSTRUMENTS FOR EACH UNIT

     8.1  A gauge board shall be installed in a convenient place  on  the  skid,
          in such a manner for ease in reading  and  shall include  the following
          instruments:

          8.1.1  Main gas suction pressure to each  stage of  compression.

          8.1.2  Main gas discharge pressure from each stage of compression.

     8.2  The bidder shall include the following Rochester 3" radial dial
          type temperature indicators:

          8.2.1  Main gas suction to each stage of  compression.

                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                  -61-   WRITTEN  PERMISSION FROM PG&E

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                                                      Specification No. 2785
                                                      September 23, 1975
                                                      Page 9
           8.2.2  Main gas discharge from each stage of compression.

           8.2.3  Gas discharge from the gas cooler.  (All temperature indica-
                 tors to have stainless steel thermometer wells.)
 9.0   STRUCTURAL DETAILS FOR EACH UNIT

      9.1   Bidder  shall provide a structural steel skid so that it can be
           bolted  and  grouted in the conventional "stationary plant" manner.
           The main  skid base shall be built from "I" beams with adequate
           cross bracing and channels on top of the beams forming a sub-base
           for mounting the compressor.  The size of base and "I" beams shall
           be stated on the attached data sheet.  An adequate number of holes
           shall be  provided through the skid to allow bolting down the skid
           on a concrete pad in the field.  The entire structure shall be
           rigid to  provide safe stability and operation of the compressor.

           Lifting bars shall be built into the ends of the skids.
10.0  PREVENTION OF RUST-PAINTING-GALVANIZING

      10.1  Exterior Surface Preparation

            10.1.1  Cleaning - All  surfaces of  ferrous metal, except machined
                    surfaces, shall be  cleaned, dried, and free of oil and
                    grease.   All heavy  slag accumulations, metal leaves or
                    blisters, weld  splatter, or other irregularities shall be
                    removed  by appropriate mechanical means  after which all
                    mill scale, rust and  old paint shall  be  removed by blast

                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                   -62-

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Specification No.  2785
September 23, 1975
     10

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                                          Specification No. 2785
                                          September 23, 1975
                                          Page 10
        cleaning in accordance with  the latest edition of the
        Steel Structures  Painting  Standard SSPC SP  10 for Neat-
        White Blast Cleaning.  Anchor depth of surface profile
        shall not exceed  .002 inches (2 mils).

10.1.2  Priming - Within  twenty-four (24) hours after blast
        cleaning or before reoxidation can take place, one or more
        coats of one of the following approved primers listed below
        shall be applied  to these  surfaces.  A total dry thickness
        of between 2 and  3 mils  is required.  Coating thickness
        shall be maintained over welds, edges of plates, or other
        sharp projections or rough areas.  All painting shall be
        done in accordance with  the  Steel Structures Painting
        Council Standard  SSPC-PA-1-64 Paint Application
        Specifications.

10.1.3  Approved Primers

         Manufacturer       Manufacturer No.       Brand or Name
        Mobil Chemical              #7              Mobilzinc
        Ameron                      #6              Dimetcote
        Carboline                 #11              Carbo-Zince

10.1.4  Finish Coat - A finish  coat  is not required.

10.1.5  Machined Surfaces - Machined surfaces  shall be protected
        with a suitable rust-inhibitive coating.
                             SAMPLE ONLY
                             NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE  WITHOUT
                             WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                        -63-

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                                                      Specification No. 2785
                                                      September 23, 1975
                                                      Page 11

11.0  Bidder shall  pipe  and  arrange all equipment in such a manner as to
      provide accessibility  for maintenance.  The completed unit assembled on
      the skid shall be  portable over California State Highways without
      special permit.
12.0  Bidder shall provide  the  services of a competent serviceman for five
      days for supervising  the  installation of the unit and placing it in
      operation.
13.0  PURGING AND CLEANING

      Bidder shall clean all piping  of dust,  dirt, weld beads, etc., prior to
      shipment.  All openings shall  be closed prior to shipment.
14.0  TESTING
      When the skid mounted unit is complete,  the bidder will make  an operating
      test in his shop by starting up  the engine and running it long enough  to
      check the following applicable items:

      14.1  Cylinder alignment.

      14.2  Proper operation of the oil and  water cooling  equipment, including
            pressure and temperature control.

      14.3  Proper operation of all liquid level controls.
                                          SAMPLE ONLY
                                          NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -64-

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                                                      Specification No. 2785
                                                      September 23, 1975
                                                      Page 12
      14.4  Proper  operation of  all  engine or motor shutdown devices.

      14.5  Proper  operation of  all  pressure and temperature indicating
            devices.

      In addition,  the bidder will test  all piping and equipment in accordance
      with the ASME and ASA Codes  (see Paragraph 3.2).

      Bidder shall  notify purchaser  in sufficient time, prior  to testing, to
      permit having a PG&E inspector present during testing, if so desired.
15.0  INFORMATION

      15.1  Six copies of an operating manual for each complete unit shall be
            provided when the equipment  is  shipped.  These manuals shall
            include the following:

            15.1.1  Operating and maintenance instructions and parts lists for
                    all equipment.   (When general manufacturer's bulletins are
                    supplied, the specific  item used shall be marked.)

            15.1.2  A listing in one place  of operating specifications and
                    instrument and  control  settings for levels, temperatures,
                    pressures, speeds, etc., for all equipment.

            15.1.3  A set of performance curves showing horsepower and capacity
                    versus suction  pressure for the compressor, throughout its
                    operating range.   (Assume 400 psig discharge.)

            15.1.4  Operating instructions  for the unit as a whole, prepared
                    by the bidder,  and showing proper startup, running, and
                    shutdown procedures.

                                          SAMPLE  ONLY
                                          NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                          WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -65-

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                                                 Specification No.  2785
                                                 September  23, 1975
                                                 Page  13

      15.1.5  One complete set  of  construction drawings.

15.2  Shipping instructions shall  be  furnished by PG&E at a later date.

15.3  The correspondence pertaining to the specifications,  drawings,  and
      Job may be addressed to:

                      Mr. C.  J. Tateosian
                      Pacific Gas  and Electric Company
                      77 Beale Street, Room 2857
                      San Francisco,  CA  94106

      All telephone calls may be made to:

                      Mr. R.  A. Holden
                      (415) 781-4211, Extention 1448
                      or
                      Mr. R.  W. Headrick
                      (415) 781-4211, Extention 3706

15.4  Bidder will sign below to indicate that his quotation covers
      equipment in accordance with the above specification, and, that
      if exception is taken to any provision above, it is specifically
      stated to be an exception in the quotation.
                                                 Bidder
                                     SAMPLE ONLY
                                     NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                     WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM  PG&E
                                -66-

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                                                                    SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                                    USE  WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
                                                                    FROM PG&E


                                                                                                    General Condition*
                                                                                                    (F-DMMF)


                                                  GENERAL  CONDITIONS


 1.0  DEFINITIONS

          1.1  "PC4E"i  Pacific G«« and Electric Company.

          1.2  "Supplier":  Party or partlaa making a  contract with PCSE for this work.

          1.3  "Bidder")  Party or partlaa submitting  u  proposal for thla work.

          1.4  "Specification";  Refer* to and Indicates the General and Specific Conditions of PG&E and any addenda to
     than.

          1-5  "Supplier Specification!11!   Refere to and Indicates the General and Specific Conditions of Supplier and
     any addenda to the**.

          1.6  "As directed", "as required", "a* permitted", "approved", "acceptable", "satisfactory", Beans by or to
     PGeZ.

          1.7  "Work":  Includes labor, material*,  or  equipment or all a* required hereunder.

          1.8  "Enitneer"i  PG&E'a vice President-Engineering or hi* repreaentatlva.

          1,9  "Bujrer"i  PG&E'* Manager, Materials  Department, or hi* representative.


2.0  PROPOSAL

          2>1  G«"«r«l'  The proposal shall be enclosed  In a sealed envelope, distinctly narked "Proposal" with the
     title of work *« given, and delivered to Buyer, 77  Beale Street, San Francisco, CA 94106.   The proposal shall be
     •lined with the full name and local address of Bidder by a responsible member of the firm.  PGtE reserves the
     right to reject any and ill propossls, and to  accept other than the lowest proposal.  The  design, description,
     and performance capabilities of the equipment  and/or material* set forth in the accepted proposal, subject to
     Modifications mutually agreed to,  *h*ll become a  part of the purchase order or contract.

          2.2  Quotation*;  Quotations  shell be (1)  fob  vessel, csr, or other vehicle, point of ehlpment; snd (2) fob
     vessel, car, or other vehicle,  point  of ehlpment  with freight allowed to shipping destination.  Quotations shall
     be exclusive of applicable sales,  use, 01  other excise taxes, and PC&E will reimburse Supplier therefor.  The pro-
     posal shall Include, for excise tax and other  purposes, a statamint showing separately the amount Included In the
     quotation to cover delivery charge* and supervision of Installation charges, if any.  Delivery charge* shall
     include cost of freight, cartage,  dunnage, and  Insurance.  The total ahlpping weight and dimensions ehsll be
     stated In the proposal.


3.0  DELIVER?

          3.1  Fabrication and Shipment Time;   The  time  quoted for fabrication and shipment will be an important
     consideration and condition In  making the award.  Construction schedules and contracts between PG&E and third
     parties sre or vill be based upon  receipt of the  equipment and/or material which is the subject of this Speclfl-
     cetion by the promised delivery dsts.   The facility in which the aubjact equipment and/or  material is to be  used
     is required ss scheduled to meet the  demand* upon PG&E by the public which it serves with  gaa  and/or electricity
     for light, heat, and power.  Time  is  of the esssncs hereof.  Supplier shell give immediate written notice to PG&E
     of esch shipment as made, accompanied  with full information as to routing, car numbers, and other necessary
     matter*.   If a delivery echedule is specified,  the  general order in which the equipment and/or material shell b*
     delivered shall be In accordance with  the delivery  schedule.  Changes in thla echedule may be  directed by Buyer
     and theee change* ihell b* complied with  by Supplier Insofar ss possible.

          3.2  8usp*niion of ^p** or Delivery.   PC&P. may suspend work or delivery by extension  of time to Supplier.
     Supplier shall not be liable for delays in delivery or failure to oanufacture or delivery  due  to cauees beyond
     its reaeonable control.  The dat*  of  delivery,  In the event of such delay, shall be postponed  by the number  of
     calendar days over which such csuaa or event extended, provided Supplier submits to PG&E a claim In writing  for
     extension of tin* within ssvsn  (7) day* from the  dat* of the (tart of delay.  In the event Supplier la late  in
     delivery, there *h*ll b* no escalation or price adjustment beyond the contract shipment date,  except where such
     late delivery 1* requested or ceused  solely by PG&E.


4.0  LAWS AMD REGULATIONS

          4.1   Equipment ind/or material furnished hereunrter shell be to designed and constructed that  when installed
     it will comply with the applicable laws,  rules, and regulations, Including,  without limitation, all "Occupational
     Safety  and Health Standards" promulgated  by  the U.S. Secretary of Labor and  all Safety Ordera  of the Division of
     Industrial Safety,  Department of Industrial  Relations, State of California,  which must be  complied with before
     the equipment  and/or material may  lawfully be used  by PG&E In California. All expenses Incurred in complying
     with these requirements are understood  to be Included in ths contract price.


                                                                                                                     1
     6.26|J                                              CC-1                                                  10-28-71

                                                   -67-

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                                                                    SAMPLE  ONLY,  NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL
                                                                    USE  WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                                                    FROM PG&E
                                                                                                    General  Condition*
                                                                                                    < F-D) (MK>
 j.o  rrru
           •>. I   Title Co tilt  sqnlpmeia  uii.l/nr natvi Inl furnliihuil htreunder ahull  pan* to PC&E.  "fob  vessel,  car,  or
      othur vahlclii.  point  of shipment".  Should tlu: equipment iind/or material  be received at destination  by PCiE In a.
      damaged  condition  and any clnlm for damage during HliLpment bo declined  by the  carrier or  camera wltli the  lufer-
      anc< that  damage wan  the result nl the act of th» Nhlpper or lone Inherent  defect  In the  equipment and/or m.iterUI.
      Supplier,  upon  the request of  P(;&K, shall ammme the responsibility of  proceaalng  any claim or dales  against the
      carrier  or carriera and shall  rolmliurae PCik,  for the cunt of repairing  or replacing the damaged equipment and/or
      nttertal.   In any  event. Supplier Nhall eaaiat PC&K In establishing carrier liability by  eupplylng evidence that
      the equipment and/or  material was properly constructed, manufactured, packaged, and eecured to with a tend  norael
      transportation  condltlona.


 6.0  SPECIFICATION AND  DRAWINGS

           6.1   Csnsral;  This Specification and the Accompanying drawings, If  any,  are  complementary and  ehall be  taken
      In conjunction.  Supplier shall report to Engineer In writing any discrepancy  or errore which  cone to  Ite atten-
      tion.  Necessary work Implied an  Included In the contract shall be Included without extra coat to PS»E,   Figured
      dimensions shall be followed In preference to scaled dimension*.  PCiE's  Specification (hall govern  In caae*  of
      conflict with Supplier's specification unless otherwise provided,

           6.2   Approved  Drawingsi  Unless otherwise provided Supplier shall make any neceesary detailed drawing*,  sub-
      ject  tn the approval  of Engineer  and shall be ruaponelble for their practicability.   Approval  of euch  drawing*  by
      Engineer shall be  general only and ahall not relieve Supplier of responsibility for correct  construction  and  com-
      pliance with  the purchase order or contract, which ahall Include thla Specification.   Supplier ahall pay  for  any
      alternations  nad* necessary by ita error*.  Ml work shall be done in accordance with auch approved  drawing*  In
      compliance with  ths Intent ol this SpecifIcetion.   Calling Supplier'* attention to  certain errors does not  place
      responsibility upon PC»B for the  correctness of other feature* not mentioned.


 7.0   INTENT OK  SPECIFICATION

           7.1   This Specification and  the accompanying  ilrnwlnga an Intended to  cover all  the  work  to be  perforated,
      and unless expressly  excluded, all labor and materials  not specified  or Indicated but  which  are neceaeery to  com-
      plete the  work in a proper, substantial, and workmanlike manner  (hall be  furnished  by  Supplier.  In  consideration
      of and AS  a condition of PGM! offering to consider and  considering a  proposal  submitted by Bidder, It  la  agreed
      and understood by Bidder,  by submitting a bid, that  If  Bidder'*  proposed specifIcetion, drawing* or  general tens*
      of sale conflict with thla  Specification,  this Specification  ahall govern and  such  conflicting portions of  Bid-
      der's proposel ehall not become a part of the contract.   In addition  to Bidder'* baa*  proposal, which ahall comply
      with this  Specification, Bidder may submit an alternate proposal resulting  In  cost  saving to FG4E.   The base  pro-
      posal shall b* labeled "Base Proposal", and any alternate proposal ehall be  designated "Alternate Proposal".  In
      •uch alternate proposal or proposals,  any and all  exceptions  to  this  Specification  auat ba its ted or Hated aa
      exception* In writing in the alternate proposal or  proposal*  in  a  separate  paragraph  entitled  "Exceptions", and
      It is agreed and understood that in all other particular* this Specification ahall  govern.


8.0   IHmUQBtENT HBT8CTION

          8.1   All royalties  or  other charges for  any patent,  trademark, or copyright to be used in the work shall b*
      considered aa Included In  the contract price.   Supplier shell indemnify and  save harmless PGeE against any  and all
      judgment*, costs, damages,  and expense* which may be  awarded  against  PG&E in any suit, action, or proceeding
     brought against  FG&B for Infringement  or alleged infrlngment of any  patent, trademark, or copyright by a court of
      comment jurisdiction,  arising out of the uee by  PG&E  of the equipment and/or material furnished hereundar in  the
     ordinary  couras  of their use  for the purposee hereunder intended.   If any suit or suits (or Infringement  of any
     patent,  tradeewirk,  or  copyright be Instituted against PG&E aa  above specif led  on account  of  the us«  of ssld ejejulp-
     sient and/or material furnished  hereundsr,  and If promptly notified, Supplier ehall aaaume the defense of  such suit
     or suits  and all expenass  incident to  the  defense thereof;  but it  1*  expressly  understood that in assuming  the
     defense of euch  suit or  suits Supplier shall  hnv« control of  same, and PCtE shall bs kept fully Informed  as to  the
     progress  thereof and have  the right  to confer ebout and give  advice and assistance  regerdlng sane.


(.0  MATERIALS  AMD WOMCMAN3HIP

          9.1   Matarlals:  All material!)  used ahull  be suitable  for the work, the best of  their respective kind*, and
     shall be  subject to ths  approval of Engineer.   Articles or materials nay be substituted for the** npeclfled only
     with the  consent of Englnssr.   Ths methods used by Supplier shall be euch as will produce aatiafactory work, and
     In accordance  with  the best trade  practice.

          9.2   Stajidatdei  Unlone  specified otherwise, equipment and/or material  furnished harcunder shnll bs con-
     structed  and tMted In accordance  with the latest edition of applicable  N£MA,  IEEE, ANSI, ASKS. AISC, AISI,  AWS.
     THEMA, and A£YM  standards.



                                                                                                                     3
      J.53:2                                   -68-   Cf>2                                                    B-l-U

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                                                                    SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT  FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                                    USE  WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                                                    FROM PG&E
                                                                                                      Ci'iit'ial  (tomU ( I'»M"*
                                                                                                      (I-I)) (UK)
10.0  CANCI'.I.I.ATION PKOVIS10N
           10.1   If I'lltl. nil nil he required or deems li  ndvUnlilc nil  a  direct  a  Indlrori  connf qm'ncl  ol  ,inv governmental
      • i lion, ir fur oChiT good nnd sufficient rc.isun,  Co Hiixpund or terminate  tlir  work  hi'Ing performed puriuant ti< Hi I*
      Spuiill U-utlun, PC&r may do HO liy writ ton rmihv.   Supplier thereupon  ahull  t:ik*  vli.it ever  action with rupcct  to
      wurk In prm'.ess us will tend to minimise- Its  diilm HjjjlnHt PG&E.   PG&E  will  pny  Supplier  a reasonable suspension
      or lerminollon churgo, excluding nnv,
-------
                                                                   SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL
                                                                   USE WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                                                   FROM PG&E
                                                                                                     General Condltlorw
                                                                                                     (F-D)(MF)(MISC)
11.0  INDEMNITY
           13.1  Supplltr ahall  Indemnify  PG&E,  its officers, agent*, and employees, agalnet ill loaa, damage, expense,
      and liability resulting  from  Injury  to or  death of person, including, but not Halted to, •nployaa* of PG&E and/or
      Supplier, or Injury to property,  including but not limited to, property of PG&E and/or Supplier, arising out of or
      in any way connected vlth  the  technical  direction of installation, inspection, or conatructlon performed by Sup-
      pliar'a representatives  at  PG&E's work cite  in conjunction with the equipment and/or material furnished hereunder.
      excepting only euch Injury  or  death  as may be caused by the aole negligence or willful mleconduct of PC&E.  Sup-
      plier ahall, on PC&E's request, defend any suit anserting a claim covered by this indemnity.  Supplier ahall pay
      all costs that nay be Incurred by PC&E'in  enforcing the indemnity, including reasonable attorney's fees.


U.O  WARRANTIES

           U.I  Workmanship and  Materials:  Supplier shall warrant that the equipment and/or material and all parts
      thereof furnished by Supplier, whether or  not manufactured by Supplier, shall be of the kind and quality described
      in the purchase order or contract (which ahall Include this Specification) will be free of defects in wortuunshlp,
      eaterlil, and title, shall  perform in the  manner hereinafter set forth in Paragraph 14.2, ahall be of good and
      marchantabla quality and shall be fit for  ita Intended purpose.

           14.2  Performance:  Supplier shall  warrant that when the equipment and/or material la placed in operation or
      used It will perform in  the manner set forth in the purchase order or contract, which shall Include this
      Specllicatlon.

           14.3  Remedies:  Supplier shall agree that If It shall appear within twelve (12) months from the date of
      shipment, that the equipment and/or  material delivered hereunder does not meet the warranties specified above and
      PO&E notifies Supplier promptly upon the discovery of the defect or nonconformity, Supplier ehall acknowledge
      receipt of such notice of  defect  or  nonconformity and shall inform PG&E in writing within five (5) days of receipt
      of such notice as to whether:

      (a)  Supplier will, it Its  expense.  Immediately repair or replace the equipment and/or material or otherwise
           correct It so that  It  will meet and conform to the warranties apeclfied above, provided, however, that If
           Supplier should elect  to  repair said  equipment and/or material, such repair shall be effected in such a man-
           ner as not to Interfere with construction and operations conducted by PG&E, and in euch a manner as not to
           Interfere or breach any labor agreements between PG&E or Ite contractors or subcontractors and labor unions
           performing work for PG&E, Its contractors or subcontractors; or

      (b)  Supplier authorizes PG&E  to  repair  the  equipment and/or material, or have it repaired, or otherwise correct
           the nonconformity,  or  have it corrected, so that the equipment and/or material will meet and conform to the
           warranty apecifled  above, and agreea  to pay PG&E the cost of such repair, replacement, or correction.

                 14.31  All  freight  charges incurred In connection with any such repair or replacement shall be borne by
           Suppller.

                 14.32  If Supplier  is  obliged to  correct defects as herein provided, the warranty period for the
           lepalred or replacement part shall  extend for one year from completion of repair or installation of such part
           provided the anme is  not  unreasonably delayed by PG&E.

           14.4  Limitation of Liability:  It  shall be agreed that If Supplier shall so replace, repair, or otherwise
      correct the defect or nonconformity, or  so authorize PG&E to repair, replace, or otherwise correct the defect or
      nonconformity and payx or  agrees  In  writing  to pay the cost of such repair, replacement, or other correction, such
      shell conatltute full lllnent of all  liabilities of Supplier to PG&E for any claim based upon such defect or non-
      conformity, and in such  uvent, except SB to  title and except as provided In the paragraphs entitled "Infringement
      Protection" and "Indemnity," Supplier ahall  not be liable for special or consequential damages.  If Supplier so
      replace*, repairs, or otherwlne corrects the defect or nonconformity, or no authorises PG&E to repair, replace,
      or othervlai' correct the defect or nonconformity and pays the cost of aucli repair, replacement, or other correc-
      tion, nnJ ti subsequently  Is >loternlncd  either by agreement between Supplier and PG&E or any court of competent
      jurisdiction that Supplier  lx  not liable for such defect or nonconformity, PC&E will repay or refund the sun so
      paid by Supplier.  In my  evunt.  Supplier's  llnbility for uny claim based upon such defect, nonconformity, or
      noncompltarn« shall not  exrocd the total price of the equipment and/or material furnished under this Specification
      except  IN provided in the  paragraphs entitled "Warranties," "Infringement Protection," and "Indemnity."
                                              -70-                                                                  a
      3.^3:4                                     /u      GC-4                                                    4-1-70

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 n.w                                               SAMPLE ONLY, NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL       General condition*
                                                   USE WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION          
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                                                          Specification No.  2774
GM
184662
IOC. DIV.
8
ACC. J^BW
1125

WK
211
           II  (Continued)





                               SPECIFICATIONS

                                   For

                        FURNISHING AND DELIVERY

                                  OF A

                    LANDFILL  GAS PURIFICATION UNIT

                                 FOR THE

                CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW LANDFILL FACILITY
                      PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY

                        San Francisco, California
                                            BIDDER—SIGN HERE  TO INDICATE
                                            THIS HAS BSEN USED IN PREPARING PROPOSAL
                                            SIGNATURE-

                                            DATS	
APPROVED BY    C. J. TATEOSIAN
              Manager, Gas System Design


DATE:          September 15,  1975
                                       -72-

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                          ADDENDUM
                    Specification No. 2774
1.   Bidder shall quote as an alternate the additional cost
    of furnishing all gas piping, valves, fittings, pres-
    sure vessels, heat exchangers, etc., for 600 psig working
    pressure in lieu of the 400 psig working pressure re-
    quested in the attache'd specification.  The applicable
    ASME and ANSI Codes shall be adhered to.
                             -73-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 1  of 12
                  SPECIFICATION FOR ACID GAS REMOVAL UNIT
                       FOR LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION
1.0 SCOPE
    1.1  This Specification covers the supplying of one (1)  completely
         packaged H20, C0_, and H_S removal plant to be installed at the
         Mountain View Landfill in Mountain View, California.

    1.2  The entire plant shall be supplied complete with all equipment and
         accessories necessary for automatic and unattended operation,
         testing, and routine maintenance unless specific exemption is made
         below.

    1.3  Refrigeration processes are not covered in detail in this specifi-
         cation.  However, Sections 2, 3 and 6-13 remain applicable for any
         proposed processes.  If a refrigeration process is proposed,
         bidder shall submit, with quote, a detailed equipment bill of
         materials which includes metallurgy, for PG&E evaluation.  A
         control schematic shall also be submitted.

    1.4  Bidder must quote on specifications but may quote on as many
         alternates as desired.

    1.5  General Conditions Specification (F-D)(MF) is attached hereto and
         made a part hereof.
                                        SAMPLE ONLY
                                        NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                        WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -74-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 2  of 12
    1.6  Specification 2785 (attached)  shall be used for compression
         equipment.   Bidders who elect  to submit proposals for both speci-
         fications,  may wish to optimize the pressure level for acid gas
         removal at some intermediate pressure.  If so,  please so specify
         and include a description on your flow sheet.  However, each
         specification shall be adhered to so far as is  practicable and all
         exceptions shall be specifically stated.  In addition, each bidder
         shall submit a detailed equipment specification sheet including
         proposed metallurgy, a control schematic, and applicable codes and
         standards under which this would be designed and constructed if
         different from the ones listed herein.

2.  GENERAL DESIGN CONDITIONS

    2.1  Wind load - 20 psf on 2/3 of projected area.

    2.2  Earthquake - O.SOg Horizontal Loading.

    2.3  All pressure vessels shall be fabricated, inspected, tested, and
         found acceptable in accordance with the latest  edition of the ASME
         Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels.  This shall include in all
         instances, even if not required by the Code, 100 percent X-ray of
         all welded joints.  Radiograph films shall be made available to
         the Pacific Gas and Electric Company inspector.

    2.4  Perform Charpy V-notch impact test on at least three specimens of
         material used which will average 15 ft-lb at -20 F, with no single
         specimen below 10 ft-lb at -20 F.  Specimen size shall be 10 mm x
         10 mm x 55 mm.  If cryogenic processes are proposed (<0 F), the
         transition temperature shall be determined for  the designated
         metallurgy and submitted to PG&E for approval.

                                       SAMPLE ONLY
                                       NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                       WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                  -75-

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                                                 Specification  No.  2774
                                                 September  15,  1975
                                                 Page 3 of  12
2.5  All the fabrication shall be  done by  welders  qualified  in
     accordance with Section IX, Welding Qualifications,  of  the
     Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and conform to Appendix D of
     Section VIII, "Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal
     Structures."  Prior to fabrication, the manufacturer shall  submit
     a description of welding procedure and type of welding  and  welding
     electrodes to be used.

2.6  After fabrication and in every instance, even if not required  by
     the Code, post weld heat treatment of the vessel (as outlined  by
     Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel  Code) is
     required by Pacific Gas and Electric  Company.  Vessel shall be
     code-stamped.  All welds, internal and external, shall  be conti-
     nuous and equal to the parent material strength and  ductility.

2.7  Weld defects shall be removed by chipping, grinding, or arc-
     gouging to sound metal.  Repairs to welds shall be done in  such a
     manner as not to gouge, groove, or reduce the base metal thickness.
     If the repair Is in a section requiring radiography, it shall  be
     re-radiographed.

2.8  All piping shall be designed to a 0.5 Design factor, in accordance
     with the requirements of Paragraph 192.111 of CPUC G.O. 112-C,
     All piping requiring  field installation shall be flanged or
     beveled for welding.

2.9  All plant controls and accessories shall be so designed that
     copper and alloys having more than 70 percent copper do not con-
     tact landfill gas or natural gas.  Stainless steel tubing or  steel
     piping shall be used exclusively to supply gas to all instrumenta-
     tion equipment.  A filter shall be installed on the instrument
     supply immediately upstream of each individual control device.
                                     SAMPLE ONLY
                                     NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                     WRITTEN PERMISSION  FROM  PG&E
                              -76-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 4 of 12
    2.10 All connections 2 inches and larger shall be flanged.   All flanges
         shall meet the appropriate ANSI Service Rating.   Flanges with
         higher than ANSI 150 rating shall be raised face weld  neck suit-
         able to 0-ring type seals manufactured by Parker Gask-0—Seal.
         Where required, Gask-0-seals shall be supplied.

    2.11 Connections less than 2 inches shall be minimum 2,000-pound
         couplings and fittings.  Only steel piping or stainless steel
         tubing and Gyrolok fittings shall be used.

    2.12 All threaded connections shall be assembled using Teflon tape.  In
         addition, all threaded solvent piping shall be seal welded.

3.  DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS

    3.1  Landfill gas may be supplied to the process at 300-400 psig and
      /::__LQ&-F.  (See compressor spec. 2785.)  For cryogenic processes
         bidder may wish to combine compressor spec. 2785 with  cryogenic
         compressor.
    3.2  Inlet Digester Gas Analysis   Compressor
       % by Volume
                                           co
                                            2
                                           CO
                                           AR
        40 - 45
        30 - 35
        0.02 (Max)
Sat'd @ 4 in W.C. 100°F
        0.5 - 2.0
        19 - 24
        0 - 0.02
        0 - 0.01
        Trace
                                        SAMPLE ONLY
                                        NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                        WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                 -77-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 5 of 12

    3.3  After compression, landfill gas will be saturated with H~0 at
         300-400 psig, 120°F.

    3.4  Product Gas shall have <3% CO- and <4 ppm H-S.   HO content
         would preferably meet our current pipeline specification of
         7#/MMSCF; however 20-30///MMSCF could be tolerated.  Sensitivity
         of cost (both operating and capital) to the amount of H20 removed
         shall be indicated for the range 7-30#H20/MMSCF product gas.

    3.5  Design flow                     1 MMSCF/D landfill gas (Total  Feed)

    3.6  Ambient air temperature                               30°F - 100°F

    3.7  Percent of design flow at which unit is                 ^, .,
                                                                 Cfo
         capable of meeting exit gas specifications              -JrO"-  100%

4.  ABSORBER-DESIGN CONDITIONS

    4.1  Normal ASME design pressure (at 120 F inlet).              400  psig

         If gas purification is accomplished at lower pressure,
         please state new proposed ASME design pressure.

    4.2  Maximum gas pressure drop across plant at design
         flow conditions (include heat exchangers and
         outlet piping)                                             2 psid

    4.3  Absorbers shall be supplied complete with all internals, all
         exterior connections and nozzles, suitable liquid level controls
         (Fisher 2500 series liquid level controls and Fisher dump valves
         shall be used) and all other accessories required for unattended
         and automated operation.  Unit shall also have the following:
                                         SAMPLE ONLY
                                         NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                     -78-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 6  of 12
         4.3.1  1/2" pressure taps across each tray (if used).

         4.3.2  3/4" drain connection for each tray (if used).

         4.3.3  System shall be properly protected against overpressure
                according to ASME Codes utilizing relief valves with relief
                valve isolators having a pressure connection for testing
                the relief valve in place.

    4.4  Provision shall be made for access to all trays and all inside
         parts.  Two manholes shall be provided, one at the top and one at
         the bottom of the unit(s).

    4.5  Where possible, equipment shall be skid mounted.

5.  SOLVENT REGENERATION [If applicable]

    5.1  If possible, a direct fired solvent regenerator shall be used.
         Other methods of solvent regeneration may be quoted as an
         exception.

    5.2  Landfill gas at 100 psig  (=400-450 Btu/ft3) will be supplied to
         the regenerator skid by PG&E.

    5.3  All heat exchangers, refrigeration units included, shall be
         designed and constructed in such a manner as to allow easy
         maintenance.

    5.4  All valves except fuel gas valves shall be OS&Y with removable
         seats.  Appropriate materials shall be used to sustain long valve
         life.

    5.5  Insulation shall be accomplished in the manufacturer's shop
         wherever possible.
                                      SAMPLE ONLY
                                      NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                   _?9W_RITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 7 of 12
    5.6  A pressure indicating gauge shall be  provided on the  output of
         each controller or pressure control valve.
each controller or pressure control valve
    5.7  Two fuel gas control valves,  in series shall be  provided.   Each
         shall have an individual thermostat.   Main burner(s)  shall have
         automatic shutoff if pilot outage occurs.   Pilot shall be  equipped
         with a completely automatic electric  igniter assembly.  Igniter
         shall be capable of re-ignition on pilot outage  and re-sequencing
         main burner; if pilot re-ignition is  unsuccessful after three (3)
         tries unit shall shut off pilot and main burner(s)  and one (1)  set
         of SPDT alarm contacts shall  be operated.

6.  DETAILED INFORMATION THAT MUST BE  SUPPLIED WITH BID (SIX COPIES OR ONE
    REPRODUCIBLE)

    6.1  A flow diagram showing the type of equipment, process cycle,  and
         material and heat balances where appropriate, e.g., absorbers,
         heat exchangers, and regenerator.

    6.2  An itemized list of all equipment and its  cost,  fob destination,
         separately tabulated along with its related instruments, controls,
         and accessories.  The latter  three shall be identified by the
         service they accomplish.  (Show amount of  freight allowed.)

    6.3  Dimensions, typical outline,  arrangement,  and sectional drawings,
         or cuts of each type of major equipment.

    6.4  Operating requirements, e.g., fuel (gas),  steam, water, electric
         power (pumps), solvent makeup, etc.
                                      SAMPLE ONLY
                                      NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                      WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                  -80-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September 15, 1975
                                                     Page 8 of 12
7.   SUCCESSFUL BIDDER SHALL FURNISH
    7.1  Six copies or 2 reproducibles of preliminary design drawings  for
         approval, earliest possible date.  Upon final approval by PG&E,
         two (2) copies and one (1)  reproducible of all drawings shall be
         furnished.

    7.2  Ten copies of an oper'ating manual that shall contain:

         7.2.1  Mill test reports on plate material.

         7.2.2  Manufacturer's data report, Form U-l, for unfired pressure
                vessels.

         7.2.3  Post weld treatment charts.

         7.2.4  Hydrostatic test charts for vessel(s).

         7.2.5  Schematic on 17-inch by 11-inch sheets - one covering
                solvent flow and one covering fuel and instrumentation
                circuits.

         7.2.6  Final, as built, dimensional drawings for contactor,
                reboiler, exchangers, and all other pressure vessels,
                stamped and certified by signature.

         7.2.7  Complete specification of all materials, assemblies,  and
                equipment not covered by Section 7.0.

         7.2,8  A set of three (3) Charpy V-notch impact specimens.

         7.2.9  Complete operating instructions and maintenance
                recommendations.

                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                    -81-

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                                                    Specification No.  2774
                                                    September  15,,  1975
                                                    Page  9  of  12
    7.3  Pacific Gas and Electric Company GH number  and  purchase  order
         number and date on tower and reboiler nameplate.

    7.4  At no extra charge, a serviceman to set controls  and "start up"
         plant.

    Note;  Mail Items 7.1,  7.2 and 7.3 to:

                        Mr. C. J. Tateosian
                        Manager,  Gas System Design Department
                        Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                        77  Beale Street, Room 2857
                        San Francisco, CA  94106

8.  LADDER AND PLATFORM

    8.1  A suitable working space and caged access ladder  shall be provided
         to facilitate testing and maintenance  requirements of the relief
         valve and the bursting disc assemblies. Note Item 4 in  General
         Conditions (F-D)(MF), Laws and Regulations, attached.

9.  PREVENTION OF RUST - PAINTING - GALVANIZING

    9.1  Painting Surface Preparation:  All surfaces of ferrous metal,
         including interior surfaces from which the  rain is excluded by
         continuous welds except lubricated parts and machined surfaces and
         parts listed in the galvanizing paragraph below,  shall be dry and
         cleaned and free of oil and grease. Heavy  slag accumulations, all
         metal leaves or blisters, weld splatter, or other irregularities
         shall be removed by appropriate mechanical  means  after which all
         mill scale, rust, and paint shall be removed by blast cleaning in
         accordance with the latest edition of the  Steel Structures
         Painting Council Standard SSPC SP6 for Commercial Blast  Cleaning.
         Anchor depth of surface profile shall not  exceed .002" (2 rails).

                                        SAMPLE  ONLY
                                        NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                        WRITTEN  PERMISSION  FROM PG&E

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                                                Specification  No.  2774
                                                September  15,  1975
                                                Page  10  of  12
9-2  Priming:   Within eight hours  after  blast  cleaning and  before
     rusting can take place, one or more coats of  one of  the  approved
     primers listed below shall be applied  to  these  surfaces.  Addi-
     tional primer shall be applied as necessary to  obtain  a  minimum
     total dry thickness of not less than .0015 inches (1-1/2 mils).
     Coating thickness shall be maintained  over welds, bolts,  rivets,
     edges of plates, or other sharp projections or  rough areas.

9.3  Approved Primers:

     9.3.1  For contactor tower, use

            Mobil Chemical                             Mobilzinc No.  7
            Porter Coatings                            Zinclook 350
            Napko Corp.                                 Napko  5Z

     9.3.2  For reboiler and all equipment  on  skid that will  be
            subjected to high temperatures, use PG&E Inorganic Zinc No.
            55 or Mobil Zinc No. 7.

9.4  Machined Surfaces:  Machined  surfaces  and lubricated parts shall
     be protected with a suitable  rust-inhibitive  coating,  such as
     Rocket Distribution Company's (San  Francisco) No. WD-40.

9.5  Galvanizing;  All ladder, ladder guard handrails, checked floor
     plates, and gratings shall be protected by hot-dip galvanizing in
     accordance with the current ASTM Standard A-386, Specifications
     for Hot-Dip Zinc Coatings on  Assembled Steel  Products.

9.6  All openings shall be covered before shipment to protect from
     weather and impact damage.
                                    SAMPLE ONLY
                                    NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                    WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                   -83-

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                                                     Specification No.  2774
                                                     September  15, 1975
                                                     Page  11 of 12
10.   VESSEL INTERNALS
     10.1  All vessel internals and bolting materials  shall  be  furnished and
           installed by the manufacturer,  prior  to  shipment  or  at  the
           jobsite unless otherwise specified.

11.   HYDROSTATIC TESTING

     11.1  Vessels shall be hydrostatically tested  at  1.5  times the speci-
           fied maximum operating pressure.  Certification of the  hydrostatic
           testing of the vessel(s) in accordance with the latest  ASME code
           shall be furnished.   (See Item 7.24.)

12.   INSPECTION

     12.1  At all times, while  work on Purchaser's  contract  is  being
           performed, the Purchaser's inspector  shall  have free entry  to all
           parts of the manufacturer's works that concern  the materials
           ordered.  The manufacturer shall afford  the inspector all reason-
           able facilities without charge to satisfy him that materials are
           being furnished in accordance with these specifications. All
           tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacturer
           prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified.

     12.2  Welder specifications shall be made available to  the inspector.

     12.3  The manufacturer shall provide PG&E a shop  schedule for both
           vessels and reboiler and shall inform PG&E  the  exact time of the
           installation of the ends of contactor vessel to enable  the
           inspection of the completed tower.

           Note;  Unless Bidder takes exception in  his quote to above speci-
                  fications, it will be understood  that equipment will meet
                  specifications.

                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL  USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN  PERMISSION  FROM PG&E

                                    -84-

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                                                      Specification No. 2774
                                                      September 15, 1975
                                                      Page 12 of 12
13.  INFORMATION
     13.1  The correspondence pertaining to the specifications, drawings,
           and job may be addressed to:

                         Mr. C. J. Tateosian
                         Manager, Gas System Design
                         Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                         77 Beale Street, Room 2857
                         San Francisco, CA  94106

           Telephone calls regarding engineering details may be made to
           Mr. R. Holden (415) 781-4211, Extension 1448 or Mr. R. Headrick,
           Extension 3706.
R. W. HEADRICK
cc  RPBenton - 15
    Joe Pirtz - 4
    MCBlanchet - 2
    WForbes - 3
    ATSchmidt - 2
    RAHolden - 1
    RWHeadrick - 5
                                         SAMPLE  ONLY
                                         NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT
                                         WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM PG&E
                                  -85-

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                                                                                                    Ccncr.il  (.MI ! il |. n
                                                 CKWKAL cwwn IONS              SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                                                .USE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION

'•°  PIIMLWNS                                                                  FROM  PG&E

          1.1   "PCtE";   Pacific  Gas  anil  Electric Company.

          1.2   "Supplier":   Party  or parties making a contract with PGiE for this work.

          1.3   "Bidder";  Party  or parties  submitting a proposal for this work.

          1.4   "Spec 1 1 lea t Ion" ;  Refers  to  and  Indicates the General and Specific Conditions of PG&E and any addenda tu
     these.

          1.5   "Supplier Specif tcatlons":   Refers to and Indicates the General and Specific Conditions of Supplier ami
     Any  addenda  to these.

          1.6   "As directed",  "as  required", "as permitted", "approved", "acceptable", "satisfactory", means by or to
     PG6E.

          1.7   "Work" ;   Includes labor,  materials, or equipment or all as required hcreunder.

          1.8   "Engineer":   PG&E's Vice  President-Engineering or his representative.

          1.9   "Buyer" ;  PG&E's  Manager, Materials Department, or his representative.


2.0  PROPOSAL

          2.1   General;  The proposal shall be  enclosed In a sealed envelope, distinctly marked "Proposal" with thu
     title of  uorV «s given, and delivered  to Buyer, 77 Beale Street, San Francisco,  CA 94106.  The proposal shjll be
     signed  with  the full name .ind local address of Bidder by a responsible member of the firm.  Pfl&L reserves  tiie
     right to  reject any and all proposals, and to accept other than the lowest proposal.  The design, description,
     and  performance capabilities  of the equipment and/or materials set forth In the  accepted proposal, subject to
     modifications mutually  agreed to, shall become a part of the purclutse order or contract.

          2.2   Quotations:   Quotations shall be (1) fob vessel, car, or other vehicle, point of shipment; and (2) fob
     vessel, car, or other vehicle,  point of shipment wltli freight allowed to shipping destination.   Quotations shall
     be exclusive of applicable  sales, use, or  other excise taxes, and PGSE will reimburse Supplier therefor.  T|I» -re-
     posal shall  include, tor  excise tax and other purposes, a statement showing separately the amount Included in the
     quotation to cover  delivery charges and supervision of Installation charges, If  any.  Delivery charges shall
     include cose of freight,  cottage, dunnage, and insurance.  The total shipping weight and dimensions shall  be
     stated  In the proposal .


3.0  DELIVERY

          3.1   Fabrication and Shipment  Time;   The time quoted for fabrication and shlprient will b« an important
     consideration and condlttrn in  miking  che  award.  Construction schedules and contracts between PC.&F and thud
     parties are  or will be  based  upon receipt  of the equipment and/or material which is the subject of this Spec 1 f l-
     cttlon  by the promised  delivery date.  The facility in which the subject equipment and/or material is to bo u*ctl
     1> required  as scheduled  to meet the demands upon Pu'&E by the public which it serves with pas and/or electricity
     for light, heat, and power.  Time  Is of the essence hereof.  Supplier shall give immediate written notice  to POAE
     of each shipment as made, accompanied  with *ull information as to routing, car numbers, and other necessary
     matters.   If a delivery schedule is specified, the general order in which the equipment and/or material shall be
     delivered shall be  In accoroance vlth  the  delivery schedule.  Changes in this schedule may be directed by  Huver
     •nd  these changes shall be  compiled with by Supplier Insofar as possible.

          3.2   Suspension of W^rk  or Delivery:  PG&F. may suspend work or delivery by  extension ot time to Supplier.
     Supplier  sh^ll not  be IJaoIc  i.ci,-i.'
     the  equipment And/or materiit r.-ay  lawfully bo uH'
-------
                                                    SAMPLE  ONLY,  NOT FOR  COMMERCIAL
                                                    USE  WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION
                                                    FROM PG&E                                     General Conditions
 3.0  TITLE

          5.1   Title  Co tin-  equipment umi/.ir mnttMl.il  f iir n ItthoJ  tiereunder shall paas to PC&L. "fub vessel, c.ir, or
     other  vehicle,  point  ot  shipment".   Should the  equipment  imr material he received at destination Sy rCit in .1
     damaged  condition and any clulm fur damiiftc 'Im I'M  "I'lpmcnt  be  declined by  the carrier or carrlera with the tiii'i-r-
     ence that  damage wen  the rc-tult nf  the act of  the  Mhlpper or  some  Inherent dr.tecc In the equipment and/or n* tterl.it,
     Supplier,  upon  the request of P(.4E, shall assume  the  responsibility of processing any claim or claims analnut thv
     carrier  or carriera and H-'uilL re.l:iii>urae Pfiit. for  the  COH(  nf  repairing nr  replacing the damaged equipment .ind/or
     material.   In any event. Supplier nlutll assist  P(.4K In ealablUhlng carrier liability by supplying evidence that
     the equipment and/or  material w.is properly constructed, manufactured, packaged, and aecured to withstand normal
     tranaportat Ion  conditions.


 6.0  SPECIFICATION AND DRAWINGS

          6.1   Cfnerali This Specification and the  accompanying drawings, If any, are complementary and shall be taken
     In conjunction.   Supplier shall report to Engineer In  writing  any  discrepancy or errors which cone to Ics atten-
     tion.  Neceneary work Implied as Included In the  contract  ahull be Included without extra coat to PGtE.  Figured
     dimension* ahall be followed In preference to scaled  dimension*.   PC&E'a Specification shall govern In caste of
     Conflict with Supplier's specif lent ton unless otherwise provided.

          6.2   Approved Drawings;  Unless otherwise  provided Supplier ahall make any neceaaary detailed drawing*, »uh-
     Jecl to  tl.e  approval  of  Engineer and shall bu responsible  for  their practicability.  Approval of such drawing! bv
     Engineer ahall  be general nnly and  ahall not relieve  Supplier  of responsibility for correct construction and com-
     pliance vltS the purchase order or  contract , which  ahall  include this Specification.  Supplier shall pay for any
     alternations made necessary by 1 la  errors.  All work  shall  be  done in accordance with such approved drawings In
     compliance with  th< intent >>t this  Specif icr general term*
     of aale conflict  with this. Specification, Mils  Specification shall govern and such conflicting portlonn of Bid-
     der's proposal  shall  not  become a part of the contract.   In addition to Bidder's base proposal, which shall comply
     with this  Specification,  BIJder may submit an alternate proposal resulting In cost saving to PG4E.  The bate pro-
     posal shall  b«  labeled  "Base Proposal", and any alternate proposal shall be designated "Alternate Proposal".  In
     such alternate  proposal  or proposals, any and all  exceptions  to this Specification must be stated or listed aa
     exceptions in writing in the alternate proposal or  proposals  In a  separate paragraph entitled "Exceptions", and
     it Is agreed and understood that in all other particulars  this Specification shall govern.


 8.0  INraiNCEMEXT PROTECTION

          8.1   All royalties  or other charges foi anv patent,  trademark, or copyright to be used in the work shall be
     considered as Included  in the contract price.   Supplier shall  indemnify and save harmless PG&E against any and all
     Judgment*, costs,  damage* , and expenses which may be awarded against POSE in any suit, action, or proceeding
     brought against  PC&E  for Inftingemrnt or alleged  Infringement of any patent, trademark, or copyright by a court Jt
     competent  jurisdiction,  arising nut of the uae  by PC&E of the equipment and/or material furnished hereunder In the
     ordinary courae  of  their  vine for the  purposen herriindcr intended.  If nny suit or suits for Infringement of any
     patent, trademark,  or copyright  be  Instituted Aft.
-------
                                                                                                     Ctnorsl Condition*
                                              SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL
                                              USE  WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION
                                              FROM-PG&E
10.0  CANCELLATION FiUlVlSlDN

           10.1  If PC&i: .hall be required or deem*  It  udvlssble  as a direct or Indirect conbequenc* of any governmental
      action,  or for otlu-r goi>d and Hiiltlclem  ri'.unn,  to  suspend  or  terminate the work being performed pursuant to thu
      Specification, Pfi&K ,nuy Jo so by written  notice.   Supplier  thereupon shall take whatever action with respect to
      work In  process aa will rend to minimize  It* claim jBaln9t  PG4E.  PCiE will pay Supplier a reasonable suspennlon
      or termination charge, excluding any-allowance  for anticipated  profits on the unperformed portion of the work
      Supplier ahall, to the extent pr-ictl cab le,  Include In  subcontracts made pursuant to this contract a termination
      provision substantially ••Imllar to the foregoing  provision.


11.0  INSPECTIONS  AND TESTS

           11.1  Shop Testa:  Shop tests as specified shall  be  performed by Supplier and It shall furnish all facilities
      nacsssary for the performance of these tents.

           11>2  Access to Shop and Teats!  For the purpose  of  witnessing teats, making Inspections, and preparing prog-
      ENS report*, PCIE a Inspector shall be notified  well  In  advance of the starting of the work and he shall ba given
      full acc*»*  to the ahop *t all time, during working  hours during the period of manufacture, a* well «a full access
      to ill  shop  tests performed by Supplier.   On request,  Supplier  ahall provide PCiE's Inspector with u Hit of prin-
      cipal production teats und Inspection points,.   Supplier shall provide reasonable advance notice of the tin* of
      those t«it*  snd Inspections which PCAt'x  Inspector Indlcstes h« Intends to witness.  If certain teai:s ar* sp«cl-
      fl*d to  ba witnessed by FC&E'* lnsp*ctur, it ahull not be construed to Unit access to other shop testa.  PCsE's
      Inspector ahsll have acc*a« to all test and Inipectlon records pertinent to this contract.  Supplier shall require
      subcontractor* and suppliers performing work pursuant  to  this contract to conform to th* raqulren*ni:s of this
      Paragraph.

           11* obtained
      from PCiE's  D«p*rln*nt of Engineering Services, Inspection  Section, 77 Beaie Street, Sun Francisco, CA 94106,

           11.7  Inspections end Tests Not Seemed Waiver;  The  witnessing of such tests and the receipt of reports of
      such teat* by Engineer, end Supplier's compliance with all  provisions of this section concerning Iniipectlon* and
      last* shall  not constitute a waiver by PC4E of  any warranty concerning ch« equipment and/or material, nor relieve
      Supplier of  any warranty concerning said  equipment and/or material.


12.0  SHIPMENT

           12.1 Carload Shipment*!  Thirty (30)  days prior  to  shipment, routings on carload shipment*, together with «n
      outlined (ketch shoving shipping dimensions and weight*,  ahall be forwarded for approval to PCJK's Traffic Bureau
      77 B**l* Street, -San Francisco, CA 94106.  Supplier  sluill be reiiponitb le for nsourlnR thiu equipment and/or mate-'
      rial la  propirly prepared fur 'ililpment and  Inmti'il »u HH to  prevent domaijf during shipment.  At or prior to th*
      tlm* of  •hlpment, Suppl'er shall forwuril  tu I'CdK'a Tmffir  Bureau complete details, Including .my diagrams or
      eketchaa prepared, concerning tin; mallnxl  xrul iprlmlqnc i'f preparing tlie «qulpment and/or material for shipment and
      loading. Including tho»« utlllMri to prevent both external and  Internal damage during shipment, loading, and
      unloading.

           12.i Mittrli 1 JJ»l•.  A d>mpl«te lint  of all material shipped shall be mailed to th* work site.

           l2'3 Ellin ot I.edtnti  BUI* of lading sliall bo mailed to PC&E as follows:

                 17.31  General Construction Department, 77 Seal* Street, San Francisco., CA 94106.

                 12.32  Materials DcpArtmtnt, Traffic Hureau, 77 Beole Street, San Francisco, CA 94106.

                 12. JJ  To tlif wi'ik tit".

                 l?.Vi  POSES Inxpictur In thr vl'li\liy,  The  locntlon uf the li<-inlquurtrrs of thl« luiprctor miy br
           obtained from I'U&C'a Depnrlwcnl "it Lnglni'eiing Service*, Insprrtlon ScetU
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  .„                                                      SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT  FOR COMMERCIAL  c.neral Condition*
                                                          USE WITHOUT  WRITTEN  PERMISSION   
-------
                                                SAMPLE ONLY,  NOT  FOR  COMMERCIAL           Genei»i c
                                                USE WITHOUT  WRITTEN PERMISSION            « the right  to 3<5h?re tc the method c-.irlintJ
      above.   The basic proposal  shall be  labeled "Basic Proposal," and any alternate  designated "Alternate Proposal."
      3.H-1                                              OC--'.
                                                        -90-

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                    CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW




                          AGREEMENT









          THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this
day of VMJJUc^ , 1975, by and between PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC



COMPANY, a California corporation  (hereinafter called "Pacific"),



and the CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW, a municipal corporation (hereinafter



called "City"):



                         WITNESSETH:



          WHEREAS, City owns and operates a landfill refuse disposal



site  (hereinafter called "site") as referred to in Exhibit A which



produces as a by-product of the natural refuse decomposition process



certain amounts of gas containing methane (hereinafter referred to



as "raw gas"); and



          WHEREAS, Pacific has represented to City that this raw



gas is of substantially lower heating value than natural gas



purchased from other sources and distributed by Pacific, and such



raw gas contains water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and



possibly sulfur compounds, in excess of Pacific's usual maximum



limitations of such dilutents; and



          WHEREAS, Pacific has represented to City that it is



possible to construct and operate a facility to process and treat



this raw gas (hereinafter, when so processed and treated, referred



to as "processed gas") in order to improve its quality; and



          WHEREAS, City, under a grant from the Environmental



Protection Agency, is currently investigating among other things



the optimum raw gas withdrawal rate from the site and the effect



of moisture on raw gas production; and
                                 91

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          WHEREAS, City has applied to the Environmental Protection



Agency for a grant modification (Grant No. S803396-01-0) in the



amount of $200,000 for the purpose of facilitating a Demonstration



Project for the recovery of one million (1,000,000)  standard cubic



feet (MMscf) per day of raw gas from site; and



          WHEREAS, this agreement covers the Demonstration



Project, funded jointly by EPA and Pacific, and the Production



Project which will begin at the end of the Demonstration Project;



and



          WHEREAS, Pacific is willing to provide sufficient funds



necessary to the Demonstration Project in order to facilitate the



raw gas recovery and to develop the withdrawal and processing



facilities required for its utilization, and



          WHEREAS, City is willing and desirous, upon approval of the



City Council, to apply for additional grants, if and when available,



upon successful conclusion of the Demonstration Project for the



purpose of facilitating the recovery of additional raw gas from site,



and



          WHEREAS, Pacific is willing and desirous to enter into the



Production Project by expanding the landfill gas recovery effort to



the entire site in a timely fashion upon the successful conclusion of



the Demonstration Project; and



          WHEREAS, City desires to sell the raw gas produced from



site to Pacific; and



          WHEREAS, Pacific desires to purchase the raw gas produced



from site.



          NOW THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED UPON AS FOLLOWS:



          1.   Effective Date and Term



          This agreement shall become effective on the date hereof,



and shall continue in effect until the date raw gas production from




                                92

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the site is determined in Pacific's judgment to be technically or
economically non-feasible, or if in City's judgment, processing the
gas is deemed incompatible with the use of the Shoreline Regional
Park by the public.   This agreement may be terminated at any time
after twenty (20)  years after the end of the Demonstration Project
provided that either party hereto has tendered written notice of
termination at least one  (1)  year preceding date of such termination.
In the event notice of termination is given pursuant to this
paragraph of this agreement prior to the expiration of the 20 year
period, Pacific shall pay to City or City shall pay to Pacific, as
the case may be, within 90 days after receipt of an invoice therefor,
any unamortized expenditures accrued to the date of termination by
the party receiving notice of termination.  Such expenditures shall be
amortized over a ten year period subject to California Public Utilities
Commission approval.
          2.   Obligation to Purchase and Sell
               A.    Pacific shall have the exclusive right to
               purchase and process all raw gas from said site.
               B.    Pacific shall purchase and City shall sell
               all raw gas produced from site that meets the
               conditions set forth in this agreement.
               C.    Pacific shall not be required to take raw gas
               hereunder at rates of flow or with a composition
               which will result in damage to its facilities or
               in utilization or operational problems in the area
               where such raw gas so processed is marketed.
          3.   Price
               A.    Pacific shall pay to City on a monthly basis,
               subject to (B.)  below for all raw gas received monthly,
               an initial unit price equal to seven and two-tenth
               cents ($.072)  per thousand (1,000)  standard cubic
                                  93

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     feet (Mscf).    This unit price shall be recalculated



     and revised eighteen (18)  months from the date of the



     initiation of the Production Project and each twelve



     (12) months thereafter in conformance with the following



     formula:
          PR = $.072/Mscf
(0.25)IWPIC  +  HECJ+  (0.50HRRJ
                                 WPIB   HEB7        I RR
       «=  Revised price of raw gas rounded to the



          nearest one-tenth of one cent.



       =  The most recent value,  as published by the



          U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor



          Statistics (BLS), of the Wholesale Price Index



          for Industrial Commodities (1967 = 100)  as of the



          date of revision.



       =  The value of the Wholesale Price Index for



          Industrial Commodities  (1967 =  100) as published



          by the BLS twelve (12)  months from the month of



          the signing of this agreement.



HEC    =  The most recent value,  as published by the State



          of California, Employment Development Department,



          of the Average Hourly Earning for Electric, Gas



          and Sanitary Services in effect at the date of



          revision.



HEg    =  The value of the Average Hourly Earning for



          Electric Gas and Sanitary Services as published



          by the State of California, Employment Develop-



          ment Department twelve (12) months from the date



          of the signing of this agreement.
                    94

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       -  The rate in effect for the first 100 therms
          sold to customers on PGandE General Natural Gas
          Service Schedule No. G-2,  or its revised equiva-
          lent, for residential customers in the Peninsula/
          San Jose rate area at the  date of revision.
       =  The rate in effect for the first 100 therms sold
          to customers on PGandE General Natural Gas Service
          Schedule G-2, or its equivalent, for residential
          customers in the Peninsula/San Jose rate area
          twelve (12) months from the date of the signing
          of this agreement.
B.   Payment by Pacific, pursuant to A. above, shall not
begin until after a 12-month demonstration phase operation
of the treatment facilities.   The demonstration phase
shall begin upon the completion of the planned Demonstration
Project facilities and the injection of processed gas into
Pacific's natural gas system.   If upon the completion of
the 12-month demonstration phase both parties agree that
the concept of landfill gas recovery and utilization has
not yet been sufficiently demonstrated to warrant expansion
of the Demonstration Project into the Production Project,
yet that the concept is nevertheless potentially viable,
the parties may agree that the Demonstration Project shall
continue for an additional 12-month  period or some part
thereof.   Payments for the raw gas  shall not begin until
after the expiration of the agreed upon extension of the
demonstration phase.
                      95

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4.   Facilities



     A.   Demonstration Project;



     1)   Pacific shall be responsible for the location,



     design, engineering,  and construction of the gas wells,



     the raw gas collection net-work,  the treatment equipment,



     and the processed gas pipeline and associated facilities



     within the area shown in Exhibit  "B".   If a raw gas flow



     of one million (1,000,000)  standard cubic feet (MMscf)



     per day cannot be obtained  from the initially designated



     area, then City and Pacific shall mutually agree upon



     installation of additional  wells  and/or the designation



     of more landfill area to allow production of said volume



     of raw gas.   All of the foregoing shall be subject to



     City's rights pursuant to paragraph 4.C.3, infra.



     2)   City shall exercise due diligence in administering



     the EPA Grant and in endeavoring  to secure all necessary



     permits, priorities,  rights-of-way and approvals of



     governmental bodies having  jurisdiction over



     the Project for the operation herein contemplated, but



     City shall not be required  to accept or comply with



     any unreasonable condition  to such permit, priority,



     or rights-of-ways.   City shall pay the cost of



     obtaining and satisfying the requirements of



     all necessary permits, priorities, rights-of-way,



     and approvals of governmental bodies having jurisdiction



     over the project.



     3)   Pacific shall proceed in good faith and with



     reasonable diligence with the design, engineering,
                       96

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     acquisition and construction of the facilities



     necessary to implement the Demonstration Project.



     4)    In no event shall the City's cost liability



     under any provision of this agreement, except for



     any termination payment,  exceed the lesser of the



     amount of federal funding received by the City for



     the Demonstration Project, or $200,000.    Pacific's



     cost liability is limited to the amount set forth



     in Pacific's GM No. 184,662 but not to exceed $416,688.



     5)   City shall administer the disbursal of EPA funding



     as required by the EPA and Pacific shall furnish City



     appropriate material substantiating expenditures of



     non-EPA funding.   Pacific may consult with City in



     advance of costs being incurred, regarding all



     expenditure proposals for EPA Grant funds.   City



     shall use its best efforts to minimize the administrative



     costs associated with the EPA Grant.   Nothing in  this



     agreement shall be construed to prevent City from



     making expenditures in Pacific's areas of responsibility.



B.   Production Project:



     1)    Pacific shall have the exclusive right to expand



     the landfill gas recovery project to those areas shown



     on Exhibit "A".   Pacific shall exercise due diligence



     to implement such expansion upon approval of such



     additional areas by City.   Such expansion shall be



     pursuant to the terms and conditions contained herein.
                      97

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     2)   City shall exercise due diligence in endeavoring



     to secure all necessary permits,  priorities,  rights-of-



     way and approvals of governmental bodies  having



     jurisdiction over the project for the operation



     herein contemplated, but City shall not be required to



     accept or comply with any unreasonable condition to such



     permit, priority, or rights-of-ways.    Pacific shall pay



     the cost of obtaining and satisfying the  requirements of



     all necessary permits, priorities,  rights-of-way,  and



     approvals of governmental bodies  having jurisdiction



     over the project, including payment of City's admin-



     istration costs as reported to and  found  reasonable by



     Pacific.



     3)   Pacific shall have the right of prior review



     and approval of and shall reimburse City  for  all



     costs City may incur in the Production Project.



     4)   Pacific shall administer and be responsible for



     all costs incurred in the Production Project.



C.   Both Projects;



     1)   Pacific shall secure all materials needed for



     installing and maintaining facilities required for



     Pacific's performance hereunder,  and following



     receipt of said in form and substance satisfactory



     to Pacific, Pacific shall proceed with due diligence



     to install such facilities.



     2)   Pacific shall be responsible for the maintenance



     and operation of the facilities and shall pay for



     such costs of maintenance and operation incurred



     therefore.
                        98

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3)   Facilities shall be located in a manner that
maximizes the economical recovery and utilization of
raw gas within the selected area, and minimizes the
potential impact upon subsequent landfill operations
and the development of the Shoreline Regional Park.
City may review and approve the location, planning,
design, engineering, safety, construction and operation
of the facilities in order to assure compatibility with
construction and use of Shoreline Regional Park.
City shall have the right to inspect and approve
the installation of all the aforementioned facilities
to assure such compatibility.
4)   The parties agree that when 'it becomes necessary
to expand the capacity of the facilities or to improve
or provide a higher degree of treatment of the raw
gas, Pacific shall cause to have prepared the
necessary engineering studies and to make the
necessary acquisitions and improvements.
5)   The City shall act as the "Grant Administrator"
for the purpose of compliance with EPA requirements.
6)   The Demonstration Project shall not be required
to obtain a conditional use permit from City but
such a permit shall be required for the Production
Project.   The location, design engineering,
construction and operation of the facilities shall
adhere to the requirements of the City Code and all
other applicable laws and regulations and shall not
materially affect the aesthetics or use of the
Shoreline Regional Park.
                   99

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     7)    Nothing in this agreement shall  be construed to
     prevent Pacific from having full  right  to  accept  all  gas
     developed in the Demonstration and Production Projects
     if  additional landfill gas development  is  technically or
     economically non-feasible, provided Pacific  pays  City
     for all such gas at the rate provided in Paragraph 3.
5.   Performance
     A.    Pacific shall operate and maintain the  raw
     gas collection and processing facilities required for
     the Projects described herein.
     B.    Each party shall use its best efforts to deliver
     raw gas in conformance with the provisions of Paragraphs
     2.1 and 2.2 of Section 2 of the General Conditions
     appended hereto.
     C.    The requirements of California Public Utilities
     Commission General Order 112-C shall  be applicable
     (where required)  to the Projects  herein.
     D.    In order to maintain gas recovery  and to assure
     the health and safety of the public,  City, at its
     own expense, shall comply with its current sanitary
     landfill practice, including maintenance of  seals.
     City shall take no action to damage the gas  reserves,
     except where reasonably necessary for development or
     use of the site.   Except in the case of an  emergency,
     City shall notify Pacific prior to taking  action  to
     break the seal of any garbage cell.   In cases of
     emergency, notice shall be given to Pacific  as soon
     as possible.   Pacific shall have the right  to suspend
                          100

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               raw gas receipt and payment therefor if the raw

               gas, prior to treatment, fails to conform to the

               quality standards set forth in Paragraph 2.2 of

               Section 2 of the General Conditions appended hereto.

               E.   Pacific may maintain suspension of raw gas

               receipt until the aforesaid quality standards are

               restored.

               F.   In the event that landfill gas recovery and

               utilitization becomes technically or economically

               non-feasible in Pacific's judgment, and Pacific

               elects to terminate this agreement, Pacific

               shall pay City all amounts due and owing up to

               and including the date of termination of this

               agreement, and Pacific shall have the right to

               salvage facilities installed in conjunction with this

               agreement, except that City may retain the underground

               plastic piping system for the sole purpose of venting

               the gas for safety purposes.

          6.   Notices

               Any notice to be given hereunder by either Pacific

or City to the other shall be respectively addressed as follows:

          to Pacific:  Pacific Gas and Electric Company
                       Attention:  Manager, Gas Resources Dept.
                       245 Market Street, Room 1344
                       San Francisco, California 94106

          to City:     City Manager
                       City of Mountain View
                       P.O. Box 10
                       Mountain View, California 94042

          7.   General Conditions

          The documents entitled "General Conditions" attached

hereto and containing eleven sections is hereby incorporated in and
                               101

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made a part hereof.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has caused  this

agreement to be executed as of the day and year above written.



                              PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC  COMPANY
ATTEST:
 Secretary
ATTEST:
APPROVAL AS TO FORM
City Attorney
APPROVAL AS TO CONTENT
Director of Public WzJrks
APPROVAL AS TO FORM
Attorney,Pacific Gas and
Electric Company
                              By:_
                                 Vice /President - Gas' Supply
                              CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW
                                  102

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                     GENERAL CONDITIONS








Section 1.  MEASUREMENT OF GAS



          (1.1) For the purpose of this agreement one standard cubic



foot of gas (scF)  shall be that quantity of gas containable in a volume



of one cubic foot at a pressure of 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute



at a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit, one thousand (1,000)  cubic feet



of gas is referred to as a "MscF", and one million (1,000,000) cubic



feet.of gas is referred to as a "MMscF".



          (1.2)  Raw gas rate at the inlet of Pacific's facilities



shall be measured in cubic feet in accordance with the provisions of



the American Gas Association Measurement Committee Report Number Three



or any subsequent revision thereof acceptable to the parties hereto.



          (1.3)  Pacific shall, at its own cost and expense, install



and maintain a suitable meter as generally adopted and used in the



Natural Gas industry at the inlet of its treating facility for the



purpose of measuring the gas delivered hereunder.



          (1.4)  City shall have access to said meter at any



reasonable time, and shall be allowed to inspect and check or test



same, and also all gauges, charts and records of measurement, at



such time as it may desire.   City shall give Pacific an opportunity



to have a representative present when any check or test is made, and



if an inaccuracy is discovered, then the amount of gas which shall



have been delivered shall be recalculated and corrected where the



magnitude of the inaccuracy can be determined, for any period



definitely known or agreed upon, or if the duration of the inaccuracy



in measurement is not so known or agreed upon, such dispute may be



arbitrated as set forth in Section 5 infra.
                               103

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Section 2.  CONDITIONS OF DELIVERY



          (2.1)  Pacific need not accept raw gas at .so low a



rate of flow that, in Pacific's judgment, such rate might be



detrimental to the proper operation of its facilities.   In the



event Pacific is not able to take raw gas due to temporary shutdown



of its facilities or difficulties that may be experienced at times



of low load in its marketing area, extraction of raw gas shall be



stopped.



          (2.2)  Raw gas received hereunder by Pacific shall be



as free of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide



as City and Pacific can keep it through the exercise of all reasonable



precautions within their respective areas of responsibility and shall



not in any event contain more of these impurities than Pacific can



reasonably accept, as determined during the Demonstration Project.



Section 3.  PAYMENT



          On or before the 12th day of each calendar month during



the term hereof Pacific will render a written statement to



City showing the quantity of gas delivered hereunder during the



last preceding calendar month.   Said statement, unless objected



to by either Pacific or City within 15 days after being rendered,



shall be accepted by all parties hereto as a correct statement



of the gas delivered during such calendar month.   City shall



render an invoice therefor as soon as practicable after receipt of



Pacific's statement.   Payment shall be made by Pacific to City



at City's office on or before the 25th day of each month, or the



15th day after receipt of such City's invoice, whichever shall



occur later.
                            104

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Section 4.   FORCE MAJEURE
          If either party to this agreement shall fail to perform
any obligation hereby imposed upon it, and such failure shall be
caused, or materially contributed to, by act of God; a public enemy;
strikes; lockouts; riots; rebellions; injunctions or interference
through legal proceedings, Municipal, State or Federal laws or regu-
lations; the failure to obtain necessary governmental permits and
approvals; the requisitions or necessity of any governmental or
acting authority; breakage, vandalism or accident to machinery,
equipment, or lines of pipe; washouts; earthquakes; storms; freezing
of lines; or any cause or causes of whatsoever nature (whether like
or unlike those herein enumerated) not due to the fault or neglect
of any such party and beyond its reasonable control, or shall be
occasioned by the necessity for making repairs to or reconditioning
machinery, equipment or lines of pipe not resulting from the fault
or neglect of such party, such failure shall not be deemed to be
a violation of the obligations of such party hereunder.   Breakage
of the top clay seal cover by root growth shall be considered an
act of God.   Such party shall, however, use reasonable diligence
to put itself again in a position to carry out its obligations
hereunder, and in the event such party does not or cannot within
a reasonable time put itself again in a position so to do/ the
other party may, at its option terminate this agreement by
written notice.   Nothing herein contained shall be construed to
require either party to settle a strike or lockout by acceding
against its judgment to the demands of opposing parties.
                               105

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Section 5.  ARBITRATION



          In addition to those disputes which are required to be



arbitrated under the provisions hereof, any other dispute arising



between City and Pacific under any provision hereof which cannot



be settled by the parties within a reasonable time may be submitted



by either party to arbitration.   All disputes to be arbitrated shall



be submitted to and decided by a board of three arbitrators,  one to



be appointed by City, one by Pacific, each of which may be an employee,



and a third by the two so appointed.    If either party shall  fail or



refuse to appoint an arbitrator within 30 days after written  notice



has been given to it by the other party naming the latter's arbitrator,



the party giving such notice shall have the right to request  the



Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of the State of California in



and for the County of Santa Clara to  appoint an arbitrator for the



other party so in default.   If the two arbitrators thus chosen are



unable to agree upon the third arbitrator, such arbitrator shall be



appointed, upon application of either party, by the Presiding Judge



of the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the



County of Santa Clara.   The decision of a majority of the board



of arbitrators after a hearing at which both parties shall have



the opportunity to be heard and to introduce evidence, shall  be



binding upon the parties hereto.   The cost of the arbitrator



appointed by City shall be paid by City; the cost of the arbitrator



appointed by Pacific shall be paid by Pacific; and the cost of



the third arbitrator shall be borne equally by City and by Pacific.
                              106

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Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Section, any
arbitration shall be subject to the provisions of Title 9 of Part 3
of the Code of Civil Procedure of the State of California.
          Any controversy which can be determined by an engineer's
or other expert's findings and which under this paragraph could be
submitted to arbitration may, if the parties thereto elect to do so,
be submitted to a mutually agreed upon engineer or expert who shall
be the sole arbitrator.   Any such engineer shall be a duly licensed
professional engineer of the State of California.   Such engineer or
expert shall be disinterested as hereinbefore in this paragraph
required of arbitrators on an arbitration board.   He shall proceed
in the same manner and shall make findings, conclusions, and an award
in the manner provided herein for an arbitration board.   The decision
of such expert shall be binding upon the parties.   The cost of the
expert shall be borne equally by City and Pacific.

Section 6.   PACIFIC'S USE OF CITY'S LANDS
          Insofar as it has the authority so to do, City hereby
grants Pacific, throughout the life of this agreement and without
charge, permission to use and occupy site for Pacific's treatment
plant, measuring stations, pipelines, and other facilities used for
the performance hereof, subject to the terms of this agreement.
Pacific shall remain the owner of any such facilities installed
upon site.   Pacific shall remove all above ground facilities
with reasonable diligence after the termination of this agreement.
Pacific shall restore the ground to substantially its original
condition and replace any landscaping promptly after the removal of
any such facilities.
                            107

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Section 7.  TAXES



          Pacific shall pay all taxes before delinquency on all



pipelines and equipment owned by it on site.



Section 8.  CITY'S REPRESENTATIONS AND TITLE



          (8.1)  City represents that its raw gas to be produced



from site and its right to deliver said gas are free and clear of



encumbrances or other obligations.   City hereby guarantees its title



to all raw gas delivered hereunder.



          City shall indemnify and hold Pacific harmless



from all loss, damage, or liability which Pacific may sustain by



reason of breach or failure of any of the representations or guarantees



above set forth, but City's liability hereunder shall not exceed



payment of the amount necessary to reimburse Pacific for its capital



costs, less revenues derived by Pacific from the Projects.



          (8.2)  Title to all gas delivered to Pacific shall pass



at the point of delivery of such gas into the facilities of Pacific,



and risk shall follow title.



Section 9.  ASSIGNMENT



          This agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of



the successors and assigns of the respective parties hereto.  Neither



Pacific nor City shall assign this agreement or any interest therein



without first obtaining the written consent of the other.   No assign-



ment shall be effective until the assignee shall in writing agree to



assume and fully perform the terms of this agreement, whereupon the



assignor shall be released from further liability.



Section 10. INDEMNITY



          City and Pacific, respectively, as indemnitor, will



indemnify the other as indemnitee and save it harmless from any and
                              108

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all loss, damage, expense and liability resulting from injuries to



or death of persons, including but not limited to employees of



either party hereto, and damage to or destruction of property, in-



cluding but not limited to the property of either party hereto,



arising out of, or in any way connected with,  the performance of



this agreement, or any operations hereunder, by indemnitor, its



agents, or employees, excepting only such injury, death, damage,



or destruction as may be caused by the sole negligence or willful



misconduct of the indemnitee, its agent, or employees.   Indemnitee



shall, upon indemnitor's request, defend any suit asserting a claim



covered by this indemnity and indemnitor shall pay all costs that



may be incurred by indemnitee in enforcing this indemnity, including



reasonable attorney's fees.



Section 11. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS



           (11.1)  The books, records, and accounts of the parties



hereto relating to the subject matter of this agreement shall be



open at all reasonable times for the inspection and copying by the



other party.



           (11.2)  No waiver by either party of any failure or



failures on the part of the other to perform any of the terms or



conditions of this agreement shall ever be construed as a waiver



of any future or continuing failure or failures whether similar



or dissimilar thereto.
                             109

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                     CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW

                          Parcel 1

                          Exhibit A

All that certain real property situate in the city of Mountain
View, county of Santa Clara, state of California, being more
particularly described as follows:

COMMENCING at a 3/4" iron pipe at the intersection of Stierlin
Road and Argenta Avenue, as said 3/4" iron pipe, intersection,
Road, and Avenue are shown on that certain map entitled,
"RECORD OF SURVEY OF LANDS OF CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW IN RANCIIO
RINCON DE SAN FRANCISQUITO AND IN SECTION 9, TOWNSHIP 6 SOUTH,
RANGE 2 WEST, M.D.B.5M. , SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA," filed
for record on August 6, 1959 in Book 110 of'Maps at Page 18,
Santa Clara County Records; thence from said Point of Commencement
northerly along the centerline of said Stierlin Road N 01° 09' 51"
E 716.90 feet to a point thereon; thence leaving said centerline
N 88° 55' 09" W. 25.00 feet to the TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING of the
Parcel to be described herein; thence from said TRUE POINT OF
BEGINNING the following courses:  N 88° 54' 19" W 2,560.26 feet,
S 08° 23' 32" W 179.50 feet, S 81° 36' 28" E 15.00 feet, S 08°
23' 32" W 221.07 feet, tangent to the preceding course along
the arc of a curve to the left having a radius of 559.97 feet
and a central angle of 09° 48' 03", an arc length of 95.79 feet,
tangent to the preceding curve S 01° 24' 31" E 193.38 feet, N
88° 35' 21" E 5.00 feet, S 01° 24' 31" E 220.80 feet, S 05° 07'
46" W 469.91 feet, N 88° 16' 51" W 315.00 feet, N 88° 16' 51"
W 693.88 feet, tangent to the preceding course along tho arc of
a curve to the right having a radius of 1,449.92 feet and a central
angle of 92° 42' 58", an arc length of 2,546.26 feet, tangent to
the preceding curve N 04° 26' 07" E 50.10 feet, N 04° 26' 07" E
99.95 feet, N 04° 26' 07" E 956.04 feet, tangent to the preceding
course along the arc of a curve to the left having a radius of
449.97 feet and a central angle of 87° 30' 56", an arc length of
687.30 feet, tangent to the preceding curve N 83° 04' 49" W 9.10
feet, N 06° 55' 11" E 90.00 feet, N 83° 04' 49" W 1,028.94 feet,
N 06° 55' 11" E 563.55 feet. N 44° 54' 49" W 55.17 feet, N 70°
24' 11" E 177.99 feet, N 056 11' 11" E 119.54 feet, N 57° 25' 11"
E 160.75 feet, S 63° 34'  49" E 924.95 feet, N 50° 07' 26" E
185.58 feet, N 59° 25' 53" E 68.57 feet, N 71° 40' 01" E 71.07
feet, N 79° 45' 41" E 144.61 feet, N 86° 46' 56" E 247.82 feet,
N 89° 58' 49" E 299.98 feet, S 84° 28' 03" E  501.28 feet,
S 84° 28' 03" E 1,425.87 feet, S 89° 09' 01" E 133.44 feet, S 69°
35' 59" E 438.64 feet, S 89° 25' 09" E 97.73 feet, N 83° 31' 44"
E 1,201.43 feet, N 84° 21'  21" E 277.01 feet, N 83° 31' 44" E
1,533.91 feet N 85° 10'  03" E 381.66 feet, S 72° 35' 43" E 1,151.62
feet. S 03° 35' 16" E 67.08 feet, N 86° 24' 44" E 15.00 feet,
S 03° 35' 16" E 445.82 feet, tangent to the preceding course along
the arc of a curve to the right having a radius of 824.95 feet and
a central angle of 11° 25'  00", an arc length of 164.38 feet.
tangent to preceding curve S 07° 49' 14" W 586.41 feet, S 82° 10'
16" E 55.00 feet,  S 07° 49'  44" W 692.15 feet, S 82° 10' 16" E
15.00 feet, S 07° 49' 44" W 66.48 feet, tangent to the preceding
course along the arc of a curve to the right having a radius of
894.95 feet and a central angle of 04° 45' 11", an arc length of
73.73 feet, tangent to the preceding curve S 12° 32' 55" W 445.36
feet. N 500 20' 09" W 189.12 feet, S 80° 52' 01" W 307.07 feet,

                              111

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                            -2-


N 83° 55' 09" W 2,103.11 feet, and N 88° 55' 09" W 50.00 feet
to the TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING and containing 550.407 acres
of land, more or less..
                              112

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H
H
cfl
                                         113

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                                           DUPLICATE  ORIGINAL
             CITY OF MOUNTAIN VIEW
ADDENDUM TO THE METHANE GAS RECOVERY AGREEMENT
  DATED NOVEMBER 26, 1975 BETWEEN THE CITY OF
  MOUNTAIN VIEW AND PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC
                    COMPANY
     WHEREAS,  the  Environmental  Protection  Agency  requires
 that an  "Access  to Records"  clause  required by the
 Environmental  Protection Agency  Grant  Regulations  and
 Procedures  (Federal Register, Volume 40,  Number 90,  Part III,
 Thursday, May  8, 1975), §30.505  "Access", be a part  of the
 City of  Mountain View, Pacific Gas  and Electric Methane Gas
 Recovery Agreement,  dated November  26, 1975.

     IT  IS HEREBY  AGREED that said  Agreement be amended by
 the addition thereto of Paragraph 8 titled  "Access to
 Records" to read as follows:
     The CITY  and  PACIFIC shall  ensure that the Project
 Officer  and any authorized representative of EPA,  the
 Controller General of the United States or  the Department of
 Labor, shall at all reasonable times during the period of
 EPA grant support  and until  three years following  final
 settleme.it have access to the facilities, premises,  and records
 related  to the project as defined in 130.805 of the  Federal
 Register, Volume 40, Number  90,  Part III, dated Thursday,
 May 8, 197S entitled "Environmental Protection Agency Grant
 Regulations and Procedures."
 Attest
                                    AND
JAN  16 1978    '   S9H5?
          Attest
                       Pacific,Gas g Electric Company
                           \\  I   ^    y
                       vicerresident
                                               Gas  Supply
                       City Manager
                    Approved as to Form
City Attorney
Approved as to Content

Hi re c to r of PublTc~Wor ks
                    Attorney,  Pacific Gas Q Electric
                                  ft U. S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977 720-116/5711
                      114

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                         REFERENCES
    Personal communication.  J. A. Carlson, City of Mountain
    View, to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, July 23, 1975.

    Personal communication.  R. F. Cayot, Pacific Gas and
    Electric Company, to J. A. Carlson, City of Mountain View,
    September 17, 1975.

    VTN Consolidated, Inc.  Final environmental impact report
    for NRG NuFuel Company's landfill gas processing system.
    Rolling Hills Estates, California, City of Rolling Hills
    Estates, January 1975.  265 p.

    Methane recovery demonstration project; engine generator
    set operation report.  Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles
    Department of Water and Power, Design and Construction
    Division, October 1975.  11 p., app.

    Van Zee, J. W.  Methane from landfill; survey of existing
    Bay Area sites.  San Francisco, Pacific Gas and Electric
    Company, August 1974.  52 p.  (Unpublished report.)

    Ralph M. Parsons Company and Consoer, Townsend and
    Associates.  Solid waste disposal system; Chicago.
    v. 1.  Study report.  Chicago, Department of Public
    Works, Bureau of Engineering, 1973.  1 v. (various
    pagings).

    Personal communication.  I. C. Odom, Pacific Gas and
    Electric Company, to C. J. Tateosian, Pacific Gas and
    Electric Company, February 3, 1976.

    Frendberg, A. M.  Performance characteristics of existing
    utility boilers when fired with low Btu gas.  Presented
    at Electric Power Research Institute Symposium "Power
    Generation—Clean Fuels Today," Monterey, California,
    April 8-10, 1974.   [28 p.]
SW-583
                            115

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