ANNUAL REPORT
FISCAL YEAR 1965
ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING FY 1965
WORK PLANS FOR FY 1966
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Region V
Chicago, Illinois
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CLEAN WATER 1
Construction Grants Section 3
Enforcement Section 8
Engineering Section 12
Twin Cities-Upper Mississippi River Project 17
Detroit River-Lake Erie Surveillance Project 21
Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project
Project Headquarters 23
Lake Erie Program Office 27
Lake Huron Program Office 30
Lake Ontario Program Office 3^
Ohio River Basin Project
Project Headquarters 36a
Evansville Field Station 36b
Wheeling Field Station 36e
Organization 37
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure i^u"iber Following Page
J. , Enforcement Activities 11
2 W;iter Resources Activities l6
3 Upper Mississippi River Basin l6
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LIST OF' ORGANIZATION CHARTS
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
j;ion V = Chicago; Functional Organization
Public Health Service
Region '•: -- Chicago; Functional Organisation .».,
Division of Water Supply ^.nd Pollution Control
Region V - Chicago; Administrative Organization
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
Region V - Chicago; Functional Organisation
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CLEAN WATER
During the past year, it has become increasingly evident to an ever
greater number of citizens that the continued health and welfare of our
country depends, to a large extent, on an adequate supply of CLEAN WATER
for all legitimate uses. The emphasis placed on water resources planning
at all levels of government, points up the fact that water is our No. 1
natural resource problem.
Region V is fortunate in having an abundant natural supply of water.
The Great Lakes, which form the world's largest concentration of fresh water,
border all five States of the Region on the north. The Mississippi River on the
west and the Ohio River on the south, together with their many tributary
streams, provide dependable water supplies in a large part of Wisconsin,
Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. In addition, ground water supplies are generally
adequate, although the quantity is limited in some areas, due to geological
structures or overpumping.
However, Region V also has an abundant supply of the primary sources of
water pollution - people, industry and intensive land use. The five-state
Region contains 20 percent of the population of the United States, with
over 2,000 communities having municipal waste facilities serving 26.5
million people. These urban concentrations produce sewage pollution
which is discharged to surface waters, usually after some degree of treat-
ment. One of the more vexing pollution problems, especially in the lakes
of the Region, is the presence of nutrients in concentrations which promote
the excessive growth of algae. Sewage treatment processes in general use
today are not efficient in removing nitrates and phosphates, and municipal
sewage is a major source of this pollution.
Region V is also a highly developed industrial area. The largest
concentrations of industry are in the Chicago and Detroit areas, but many
parts of the Region have individual industrial waste problems, from pulp
and paper mills in the north to acid mine drainage and oil well brines in
the south. Practically all of the industrial waste not connected to
municipal systems is discharged to surface waters, either with or without
treatment. In addition to the organic and inorganic wastes which have
long been common to industrial processes, many new, exotic wastes re-
quiring special treatment are being produced by the synthetic chemical
industry. Another new pollutant requiring special attention is radio-
active waste, as this type of waste is not detected by the usual water
pollution analyses. Heat pollution is assuming greater importance, as
increasing amounts of cooling water are required by expanding industrial
development.
A large part of the Region is subject to intensive agricultural use.
Grain farming occupies the most acreage, but fruit and vegetable farming is
also common in the area. This, combined with the extensive construction
programs in housing, industry and highways, contributes heavy silt loads to
most of the streams in the Region. Improper use of fertilizers, insecticides,
and herbicides may contribute nutrients and toxic substances to our
streams. The rapid growth of urban areas adds many acres of streets, high-
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ways, parking lots, airports, housing and other buildings each year, j'\u
runoff from these hard-surfaced areas include all accumulated deposits ~f
oils, organic matter, trash, soil, industrial dusts, and fertilizers ar.cl
pesticides used on lawns and parks.
Thus it is evident that water pollution control is a very real p,-:ob]^;
in Region V, if we are to have an adequate supply of CLEAN WATER „
On the pages that follow is a summary of our progress during, i.lie past
year towards the goal of CLEAN WATER for Region V. Notable accomplishment.
have oeen made in: the construction of sewage treatment facilities: th^
development and implementation of comprehensive programs for pollullon
abatement in cooperation with the several states; abatement actions under
the enforcement authority of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; and
technical assistance to Federal, State and local agencies in poliutlor,
abatement problems.
A significant step in the Water Supply and Pollution Coutroj., Proe;rai::
for Region V and nearby States is the establishment of the PUS Mi'tvnst.
Water Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Michigan. This laboratory will bo e, -;-„•;-,. a- r
for research,, investigation, and technical assistance on wat* r poll ; -.Ion
problems of the midwest area. The laboratory is expected bo i;o In op-
eration in FY 67.
Work plans for the coming year are also summarized in tnlb
These plans reflect the increasing emphasis being placed on the y.g-oer
Supply and Pollution Control Program, and our desire to play a vi :,al ;'• u
in this dynamic program for CLEAN WATER during Fiscal Year 1966.
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS SECTION
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
More Projects Completed Than Ever Before
Over 175 Federally-assisted sewage treatment works projects were com-
pleted and placed in operation during Fiscal Year 1965- The completion of
many projects aided under the Accelerated Public Works program contributed
to this record-breaking number of finished projects.
More Miles of Stream Improved
The FY 1965 project completions resulted in water quality improvement
for all legitimate uses in an additional 600 miles of streams. A cumulative
total of 7,000 miles of streams has new been improved during the nine-year
life of the grants program.
110 New^ Project Starts
For the first time in three years} all 110 new grant offers were made
under the regular grants program without the help of APW funds. While
constituting a sizeable number of new starts, the total number reverted
to the approximate pre-APW level. New grant offers totaled $lU million
and supported eligible project costs of $U|? million.
Performance Audit Responsibilities Turned Over to States
The basic responsibility for assessing the performance and operation
of completed grant-sponsored projects in Indiana and Michigan was turned
over to the States because of the consistently high quality of plant super-
vision carried on by these States. Throughout Region V, 130 plant perfor-
mance audits were conducted this year by staff engineers. Projects in-
volving needed corrective action were reported to the States and municipalities
for follow-up.
Civil Rights Empha_sj.zed
Issuance of the Departmental Civil Rights Regulation gave added im-
petus and awareness to the Federal effort to end discrimination. All States,
and some 350 municipalities, were notified of the new regulation. Every
municipality returned a signed Assurance of Compliance. Special efforts
were made to instruct the staff on Federal responsibilities under the new
regulation. Top staff participated in an orientation session featuring
Assistant Secretary Quigley.
Payment Inspections; A Record Number
Again, the impact of APW projects contributed heavily to the record
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rounoer of '',Tr/ project payment inspections made at the actual prcjeo^ bi !•=.-;
Public information materials on pollution abatement were distributed at
many i ••"»p-rr:i I o a s ,
Stornwatur h.-:U;nt..lon Project Approved
A uniqtie project approved in FY 1965 was the 8^ Mile Drain prcjec'. ir,
•i, w'uch pro/ides for a huge retention basin to abate the disc^arg,"-
of combined sewage .' ,1 stormwater into Lake St. Glair. Retained rraloria;
will be d.l=;--harged to a treatment plant.
Staff Beduc tion
In spi oe of some record-breaking «:ork activities, the aidea season-In^:
and experience of the staff made possible a staff reduction of two enslii0':-/'-..
This consT-ixut^d yart of the Construction Grants program's contribution
to the overall Departmental stress on increased management efficiency and
economy.
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WORK PLANS - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Construction arid, the Municipal Water Pollution Problem
Wastes discharged from municipal sewers are one of the major causes
of water pollution. The accelerated growth of population and industry,
along with the continuous trend to group together in urban centers, has
resulted in a tremendous increase in the volume of municipal wastes.
For the most part, the municipal water pollution problem is simply
that communities are not building adequate sewage treatment facilities
fast enough to keep abreast of the increases in waste loads arising from
the needs of new people, new housing, and expanding industry. As a result,
the great amounts of untreated and inadequately treated sewage and wastes
being discharged are creating serious pollution problems that endanger the
Nation's health and welfare.
Federal. Financial_ Aid_ to Help in Meeting the problem
Every town and city is responsible for cleaning up the pollution it
creates. To help communities get this job done, one of the most important
provisions of tue Federal Witer Pollution Control Act is the construction
grants provision. This provision is designed to assist municipalities
in meeting ~ohe cost of building adequate local sewage treatment facilities.
Since the beginning of the grants program in 1956, approximately $100 million
in c ;,:;t,ruction grants have been allotted to the States in Region V. Over
900 local projects, costing about $375 million, have been supported by these
grant funds,
Big Construction Backlog in Region V
Although -i great deal of sewage treatment plant construction has been
accomplished in the past few years, much more remains to be done in this
Rjgion, The Regional backlog of short-range construction needs consists
of over 300 projects estimated to cost $130 million. Unsatisfied Federal
grants of $28 million have been requested to aid in eliminating this project
backlog. The pending grant requests represent 100 percent more than the
amount of grant funds that will be available in Fiscal Year 1966, if the
Congress appropriates at the same level as Fiscal Year 1965. Significantly,
the amount of unsatisfied grant requests is Ho percent higher than last year
at this time.
Appalachian Construetion Backlog
Twenty-eight economically depressed counties in southeastern Ohio are
included in the newly-enacted Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965•
The construction backlog of sewage treatment facilities in these counties,
including treatment plants and sewer systems, totals at least 6l projects
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costing an estimated $9.5 million. Under the Appalachia legislation,
if approved for a construction grant, an individual project could receive
a grant amounting to as much as 80 percent of eligible project costs. This
reflects the economically depressed character of the area inasmuch as re-
gular construction grants are limited to 30 percent. The Program will be
ready to gear itself, consistent with available funds, to the immediate
demanus of the Ohio segment of Appalachia.
Phasing Out of Accelerated Public Works Program
The APW program has been emminently successful in building sewage treat
ment facilities in a number of economically depressed communities that
might otherwise have delayed needed construction for many years. Because
no new APW grants were made in Fiscal Year 1965, i~t is anticipated that all
APW projects will be completed and placed in operation during Fiscal Year
1966. Out of 125 previously approved AF/7 projects, 91 projects have al-
ready been completed. Special effort will be made to accelerate completion
of the remaining projects. In most cases, those projects not yet finished
are over 80 percent complete.
Over100 New Grant Offers Expected in Fiscal Year 1966
If the same level of appropriations is available for Fiscal Year
over 100 new grant offers can be expected. This is about the same number
of new starts that took place in Fiscal Year 1965. The trend toward larger
project grants will probably hold stationary unless the $250,000.00 grant
limitation is removed in Michigan and Indiana as it has been removed in the
other States. The average grant offer in the past year was $1*4-0,000.00 and
this average should hold firm.
Project Payment Inspections Will Continue at High Level
Field payment inspections will taper off somewhat from the record high
level of Fiscal Year 1965, but inspections should total in excess of 300
in Fiscal Year 1966. During the course of the actual inspections, continued
emphasis will be placed on the program's opportunity to present water pol-
lution information to lay and professional people.
Plant Performance Aui its to Lessen
Fiscal Year 1966 will be the lightest year for plant performance audits
since this program began in the summer of 1963- The load will lessen
materially because the primary responsibility for doing most of the audits
was Hssuned by two of the five States in Fiscal Year 1965. Total performance
audits should approach 80, which is about one-third below the Fiscal Year
1965 total. Efforts will be made to accelerate the time when the perfor-
mance audits can be turned over to the other three States in the Region.
Staff De velopment
The most important ingredient of any program -- bar none -- is the
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people that work in the program. The finest program in the world is no
better than the people that serve and administer it. To this end, every
attempt will Tae made to develop the skills and potential of grant personnel
to reflect the highest credit upon the program.
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ENFORCEMENT SECTION
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Lake Michigan Conference
The enforcrnerit Conference on Interstate Pollution of the Waters of the
Calumet Area, Indiana and Illinois, March 2-9, 1965, signaled the beginning
of major action to clean-up the heavy pollution at the south end of Lake
Michigan. One of the Nation's largest complexes of steel, petroleum and
chemical industries is located in the Calumet Area, and pollution of the
waterways has been a long-standing problem to water supply and recreational
facilities of the area. The Conference, which lasted four and one-half
days, received a great deal of publicity and attracted widespread public
attention. The Conferees' unanimous recommendations included a schedule
for abatement of pollution from municipal wastes, and an agreement to
produce a. schedule for abatement of industrial pollution within six months.
A technical committee was appointed, and is at work on the industrial waste
problems. GLIRB Project will maintain surveillance sampling in the area
to monitor the abatement program.
Mahoning River Conference
The enforcement Conference on Interstate Pollution of the Mahoning
River, Ohio and Pennsylvania, was held February 16-17, 1965- The Conference
received wide publicity, and aroused a great deal of interest in the
affected area. A large amount of information and data was presented for
consideration by the Conferees. At this time the Secretary of Health, Ed-
ucation, and Welfare has not issued the Conference Summary.
Detroit Area Conference
The second session of the enforcement Conference on Pollution of the
Detroit River and Michigan Waters of Lake Erie was held June 15-18, 1965 •
The report and recommendations of the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project were
generally well received. The Conferees reached unanimous agreement on
measures needed to abate pollution in the Conference area, and requested
the Michigan Water Resources Commission to prepare a schedule for the con-
trol of pollution in the Conference area. The Detroit River-Lake Erie
Project will maintain surveillance sampling in the area to monitor the
abatement program.
St. Louis Conference
The eighth progress meeting of the St. Louis area Conference was
held on September ^, 196^. As a result of the progress meeting, an in-
vestigation of oil pollution above St. Louis was carried out in cooperation
with Region VI and the Corps of Engineers.
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Menominee River Conference
As agreed at the Conference on Pollution of Interstate Waters of the
Menominee River, a cooperative biological study was completed in October,
Participants vere the DHEW and the State of Michigan and Wisconsin. The
bottom gravel of the Menominee River had been cemented by iron vhich or-
iginated from iron mine drainage discharged to the Iron River in Michigan.
Operation of the iron mines was discontinued in 1963^ and improvement in
the Menominee River was noted during the survey.
Clinton Area Conference
The City of Clinton, Iowa completed and placed in operation the primary
sewage treatment plant and the lower portion of the interceptor sewer along
the Mississippi River. Plans for the upper portion of the interceptor
sewer and sewage treatment plant additions have teen completed.
Twin Cities-Upper Mississippi River Conference
The collection of field data by the TCUMRP continued throughout the
year. At the same time preparation of the report to be presented to the
conferees was started and two volumes of the final report were submitted
for review. All field work is scheduled to be completed during the summer
of 1965 but record floods on the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers during
the spring of 1965 caused a rescheduling of the work load. However, it is
still planned that the field work will be completed during 19&5 an(^ tne
final report submitted to the conferees when they reconvene in the spring
of 1966.
Federal Installations Inspected
A new activity during the year was the investigation of waste disposal
practices at Federal installations in Region V. Evaluation reports were
furnished to the agencies involved, with recommendations for corrective
actions. Engineering proposals for new or additional waste treatment
facilities for the installations were reviewed, as were final plans and
specifications. Installations which have taken remedial action to correct
inadequacies were revisited.
Status reports on waste disposal practices at 50 Federal ire tallations
in Region V were prepared twice within the year for the Jones Committee
(Subcommittee on Natural Resources and Power, House Committee on Govern-
ment Operations).
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WORK PLANS - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Lake Erie Conference
An enforcement Conference on Pollution of Interstate and Ohio Intra-
state Waters of Lake Erie and Tributaries, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Penn-
sylvania, and New York has been called by the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare. The Conference will convene at Cleveland, Ohio, August 3> 1965 >
and will reconvene at Buffalo, New York, August 10, 1965. It is expected
that pollution abatement programs arising out of this Conference will be
tremendous in scope, in order to meet the problems, and will have great in-
fluence on pollution abatement efforts in the basins of the other Great
Lakes.
Calumet Area
The Technical Committee established by the Calumet Area Conference
will evaluate water quality criteria for the conference area, and will assist
the States in developing a time schedule for the construction of needed in-
dustrial waste treatment facilities. The Enforcement Section staff will
assist in the deliberations of the Technical Committee. The Committee re-
port will be presented at the second session of the Conference, probably
in October 1965.
The Enforcement Section will assist in the surveillance activities in
the conference area. The surveillance program will be a cooperative effort
with the State water pollution control agencies and the Metropolitan
Sanitary District, with the purpose of assessing progress achieved in
pollution abatement as a result of the recommendations of the Conferees.
flfahoning River Area
It is expected that surveillance sampling in the Conference area will
be established. The Enforcement Section will plan and supervise the program.
St. Louis Area
The ninth progress meeting on the St. Louis enforcement conference
area will be held during FY 1966. The Enforcement Sections of Region V
and VI will present a report on the occurrence of oil pollution which in-
terferes with the treatment of the municipal water supply at St. Louis.
Summary Reports
Factual water quality reports are prepared periodically on all
significant interstate and navigable streams in the Region. It is planned
to submit twelve such reports to Headquarters during FY 1966. Included
in the preparation of these reports is the factual presentation of water
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quality conditions, where these data are not available, the need for such
information is established. Damages to water uses, both existing and
potential, are outlined.
Federal Installations
It is planned to complete the evaluation of waste treatment facilities
at all Federal installations. All installations where inadequate practices
have been noted previously will be revisited. As a result of instructions
in the Bureau of the Budget Circular A-ll, an increasing activity in the re-
view of plans and specifications for additional or new waste treatment
facilities at Federal installations is anticipated.
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—!
N
TWIN CITIES
1964
ST. LOUIS
1958
i-EGEND
CONFERENCE AREAS
25 0 50 100
ANNUAL REPORT-FY 1965
ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
<- Qf Mf- A, r - , f 0.
'8L, : l E Al. r M ' •
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ENGINEERING SECTION
ACCOMPLISHMENTS-- FISCAL YEAR 1965
Reorganization
The Engineering Section was established during the 2nd quarter of FY
65, to bring together engineer!.^ functions not administered by Construction
Grunts and Enforcement Sections. The various activities of the Section
during the year are described below.
Cooperative Studies
Reports on the needs and value of water storage for municipal and in-
dustrial supply and for quality control purposes were completed for Corps
of Engineers reservoir projects in Hocking River Basin, Ohio, and Kickapoo
River Basin, Wisconsin (See Figure 2).
,\ detailed study of water supply and quality control needs in Big
Muddy River Basin, Illinois, was started in FY 65, as part of a Type 2
coordinated basin study sponsored by the Corps of Engineers. Collection
of basic data was the principal activity during the year. Staff members
participated in planning meetings of the Coordinating Committee and Ad-
visory Committees.
Geist Reservoir Project
The Water Quality Recreation Project was established to determine the
effects of recreational activity on reservoir water quality. Project
activities during the past year have included: an intensive sampling pro-
gram to investigate the influence of nutrients on algal activity which
affects water quality; correlation of the measured parameters; and the
rrepii-cvtion of a report on the past three years of Project activities.
Since the Indianapolis Water Company has apparently abandoned its
plan for development of the reservoir area for intensive recreational use,
it has been decided to close the Project by the end of the 1st quarter of
FY66.
Upper Mississippi River Studies
Activities for the UMRCBS Type I study (Upper Mississippi River Comp-
renensive Basin Study), sponsored by the Corps of Engineers, included com-
p2etion of PERT chart for the study, and collection of basic data for three
planning subbasins. Staff members participated in planning meetings of the
Coordinating Committee and Advisory Committees. The area covered by this
study is shown on Figure 3.
Project planning activities for the PHS Comprehensive Project included
completion of a project study plan, with PERT chart and cost estimates.
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Basic Data
Activities performed, for Basic Data Branch included 30 visits to the
18 Water Pollution Surveillance System stations in Region V, verification
of ar-:.inage boundaries on base maps for river mile coding, and transmitting
monthly reports of bond sales and contract awards for water and sewage
utilities to State agencies for verification.
Technical Assistance
;:ine summary reports and five reviews of final work plans were prepared
for .-Jatershed Protection and Flood Prevention Projects of the Soil Conser-
vation Service,
E-even hydroelectric plants were inspected for possible water pollution
problems, and recommendations for consideration in granting of licenses
were forwarded to the Federal Power Commission.
Final inspection reports and recommendations for Federal disaster aid
for emergency repairs in 28 communities following the Ohio River flood of
March 196^ were prepared for Office of Emergency Planning. In the wake of
record floods on the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers in April-May, and
a series of tornadoes which swept across the Region on April 11, President
Johnson declared. 8'?' counties in Region V to be disaster areas, eligible
for Federal assistance. Staff engineers inspected flood damages in Minnesota,
"Wisconsin and Illinois. Typical examples of riverside sewage treatment
plants vulnerable to flooding are shown on Figures h and 5- The Shakopee,
Minnesota, treatment plant, which was partially inundated by the Minnesota
River, is shown in Figure h. The Chaska, Minnesota, plant, which was
protected from the Minnesota River flood by an emergency dike, is shown
in Figure 5-
A staff member was assigned to the President's Committee on Equal
Employment Opportunity for the period June 1 - October 31> 196^, in the
building construction field program. Building contractors in ten cities
were contacted to evaluate compliance with Executive Orders relating to
non-discrimination in employment on construction work involving Federal
funds.
A staff member was assigned to Region IV, Atlanta, for two weeks
in June 1965, to assist in the investigation of complaints of violations
of the Civil Rights Act by hospitals either built or operated with Federal
funds.
International Joint Commission
The governments of the United States and Canada requested IJC (inter-
national Joint Commission) in October, 1Q6^, to investigate (l) pollution
of Lakes Erie and Ontario and the international section of the St. Lawrence
River and (2) further regulation of the levels of all of the Great Lakes.
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IJC has appointed Engineering Advisory Boards to make these studies. Region
V will have primary responsibility for pollution studies of Lake Erie.
Staff members are participating in preparation of (l) an interim report on
water quality in the study area and (2) preparation of an interim statement
of general water quality objectives for the waters under study. On the
Lake Levels Study, staff members will determine the effects of variations
in lake levels on water supply and waste treatment facilities.
In cooperation with the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project, the Detroit
Field Unit maintained the boundary water monitoring program in the St.
Glair, Lake St. Clair and Detroit River. A two week survey of the St. Marys
River connecting Lakes Superior arid Huron, was conducted in August, 1964.
The Unit continued operation of five carbon filter organic sampling stations
on the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. The Unit also participated in a co-
operative study on combined sewage overflow from Detroit, as these discharges
directly affect the coliform level of the Detroit River.
Semi-annual reports of activities were presented to the IJC Advisory
Board in August and February.
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WORK PLANS - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Cooperative Studies
The Water Supply and Quality Control Appendix of the Big Muddy River
coordinated basin study will be essentially completed during the year.
Storage needs for water supply and quality control will be determined, and
benefits attributable to such storage will be calculated. Completion of
review draft of the Appendix is scheduled for not later than September 30;
1966.
It is anticipated that the Corps of Engineers will request a similar
study of the Minnesota River Basin early in FY 66. Activities during the
year are expected to include planning and scheduling of the study, and col-
lection of basic data.
Upper Mississippi Studies
Activity on tne UMRCBS Type 1 study will be the completion of collection
of basic municipal water supply and waste source data for all l6 planning
subbasins and tne main stem of the Mississippi River.
Planning for the PHS Comprehensive Project will include refinement of
schedules, priUjninary planning of physical facilities and recruitment of
key personnel.
Basic Data
Operation and maintenance of Water Pollution Surveillance System
stations will be performed by the Basic Data Branch office in Cincinnati
in FY 66. The Section will continue to forward monthly reports of bond
sales and contract awards to State agencies for verification.
Technical Assistance
The Section will continue to review hydroelectric power applications
for license by Federal Power Commission when requested. Reviews of Soil
Conservation Service Reports, and of Corps of Engineers reports will be
done as requested.
Final inspection reports on flood and tornado damage applications to
Office of Emergency Planning will be processed.
Miscellaneous requests from State and. local agencies and private
citizens will be handled as received.
International Join_t_Cojmni_s_sion
The PHS will have primary responsibility for conducting the U.S.
portion of planning and studies of tne hew pollution reference. Staff
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members are preparing an interim report on water quality conditions in Lakes
Erie and Ontario which will be presented to the Advisory Board August 31>
1965. Staff members will participate in further planning and development
of studies and research which should ^e undertaken by IJC for the pollution
reference. The U.S. portion of the IJC study of further regulation of the
levels of the Great Lakes will be sponsored by the Corps of Engineers.
Region V will participate in the 3hore Property Studies, determining the
effects of lake levels on water supply and waste treatment facilities. The
Detroit Field Unit will continue the boundary water monitoring program in
the Detroit River, Lake St. Clair and St. Clair River at the same intensity
as in FY 65 - The Unit will return to the St. Marys River in August for a
two-week survey. The data from the monitoring program will be evaluated
for water quality control and trends>and semi-annual reports will be made
to the IJC Engineering Advisory Board.
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"1
N
LEGEND
— hydro - Electric Plants
— Water Do!lution Surveilance System
- Water Resource Studies
|~ Flood Disaster Areus
\ ' '...') -Tornado Disaster Areas
ANNUAL REPORT-FY 1965
WATER RESOURCES ACTIVITIES
b <: DFPAWTWFN T OF HF ALT,;.' ru»>' A: K_,|J ^ ^5- LFA F-i
^UBi.-C »• f A. T H :,,;; K vll F
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ANNUAL REPORT-FY 1965
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER
COMPREHENSIVE BASIN STUDY
US.DEPARTMENT OF HE ALTH.EDUCATION.a WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
REGION V CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
FIGURE
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U. S. Havy Pnotograph Figure k
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Cliaska, Minnesota Sewage Treatment Plant
U. 3. Navy Photograph Figure 5
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TWIN CITIES-UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER PROJECT
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Project Management
The establishment of a resident group in Minneapolis, as a result of
the first session of a joint Federal-State Conference in February 1963? to
study a total of 270 miles of interstate and intrastate waters, was con-
sidered an opportunity to put into effect procedures designed to accomplish
pollution abatement, guided by recent experiences in Project management.
This requires the establishment of good public relations and amicable co-
operative relationships with State and local agencies. Efficient manage-
ment also requires realistic scheduling of activities, so that deadlines
can be met with adequate technical data to serve Project needs. The
Project has made notable progress toward these management goals, as described
below.
Public Awareness
As a result of extensive interviews and feature stories of the Project
by leading area newspapers, knowledge of the Project's existence and mission
has become widespread. This has resulted in the dissemination of information
through the Minnesota and Wisconsin Departments of Health to interested
individuals and groups, and has assisted the States to keep abreast of
pollution situations existing in the study area which may require corrective
action. The excellent communication which the Project has established
with the interested agencies through the Project Committee has resulted in
the development of several cooperative endeavors including, but not limited
to the following: cooperative study with MDH (Minnesota Department of Health)
and MSSD (Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanituiy District) to more fully characterize
the waste constituents coming to the District plant; a joint study with MDiT
to detect viruses in the influents and effluents of selected waste treatment
plants as well as in the rivers downstream; joint industrial and municipal
waste treatment plant visits with the agencies of the State concerned; and
a cooperative fish collection activity with the Minnesota Department of Con-
servation for purposes of fish flesh evaluation.
In order to assist in understanding the problems to be encountered
in meeting imposed deadlines with sufficient technical information, the
staff developed detailed plans of its numerous and varied activities.
The plans were revised following a critique and workshop meeting which
was designed to: (l) evaluate data collected during the first nine months
of operation, and (2) assist in the preparation of a sound and realistic
schedule of anticipated activities, events, and deadlines.
The significance of the Report Coordinator's contributions toward
the Project's mission centers around the development of the Project's final
17
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report outline, and the preparation of preliminary outlines of inaividual
reports in order that they will be compatible with the final report. These
accomplishments plus the continual and immediate review of collected data
insure maintenance of the established schedule and restrict the collection
of non-essential information. FY 65 was a fruitful year in respect to
report preparation in that two volumes of the final report were prepared
and forwarded to Headquarters for review and comment. This is significant
since the final report was not due in its entirety for another ten months.
In collecting pertinent information from the 270 miles of stream
under study, careful consideration has been given to all previous work
of other agencies and individuals, and duplications avoided where possible.
Studies incorporating newer approaches as well as the normal procedures
for the characterization of water quality were carried out. These in-
cluded such techniques as dye tracing for patterns of dispersion and time
of passage, detection of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and pesticides, fin
evaluation of river quality under conditions of ice cover was performed,
incorporating an extensive biological sampling program. A continuous
sampling schedule for plankton and nutrient analyses was also carried
out over the entire study area for one calendar year. The effect of
severe flooding on bottom biological life and sludge deposits was determined
as a result of an extensive biolof3ic?,l sampling activity before and after
the flood season.
All data collected, with the exception of biological data, have been
placed on magnetic tape and are ready for immediate recall as the need
should arise. This normally will result as a request from an outside
source for information concerning water quality, or the Project's own
interpretive purposes. As these data, ara reviewed, preliminary reports
are prepared according to the pre-established, outlines and time schedules.
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WORK PLANS - FISCAL YEAR 1966
The Situation
The Nation's fourteenth largest metropolitan area is currently in a
state of uneasiness over activities related to water supply and pollution
control, Numerous situations reflect the general state of perplexity in
the area. Notable among these are:
a. Attempts to establish water quality standards on the Minnesota
River.
b. Litigation being carried out contesting the earlier established
standards of water quality.
c. Concern being expressed over poor water quality.
d. Plans developed for future sewage disposal facilities being
challenged by suburbs.
e. Alternate proposals to the metropolitan plan being studied.
f. Total urisewered population in the metropolitan area is more than
100,000 including the 10 largest Minnesota communities without
sewer systems.
g. Present Sanitary District sewage treatment plant currently under-
going a $23, million expansion program to bring removal efficiei.cy
up to 75$.
h. Governor of Minnesota pledging the correction of water pollution
problems in the area.
i. The construction of a $68 million steam generating electric power
plant creating a controversy over the use of interstate waters.
j. Lack of adequate manpower and funds at the State level results
jn inadequate enforcement of r.batement programs.
k. Advisors to the Governor openly criticizing the Minnesota Water
Pollution Control Commission for its inadequacy in the performance
of its duties.
1. The Governors of Minnesota and Wisconsin jointly requesting Federal
assistance in the abatement of pollution in the area.
Reports
The Project's goal is not to resol/e all of these items since many will
19
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require State and Federal legislation. The Project's final report to the
conferees will, however, prepare the way for solutions to the more complicated
and. less understood items of immediate pollution abatement. An earlier
established program will continue to be carried out which will culminate
in April, 1966, when the final report will be presented to the conferees.
The preparation and completion of the final report will be of paramount
importance during FY 1966. To facilitate its completion, the Project will
reorganize in the fall of 1965. This will result in a reorientation from
a data-gathering activity to an interpretive activity utilizing a basic
two-section (Engineering and Reports) organization with the former having
the responsibility for terminal monitoring. This change in orientation
will result in a substantial reduction in force and a significant economic
gain to the Division.
The basic objective of the final report, immediate abatement needs,
is being and will continue to be facilitated by management techniques
which include: the preparation of guidelines of report writing; development
of early interim reports of activities suitable for inclusion in the final
report; and early preparation, review and approval of sections of the final
report. Considerable effort will also be devoted during the early part of
FY 66 to the collection and preparation of documented photographs and other
pertinent materials which will be developed into appropriate visual aids
as a necessary part of the next session of the conference.
Surveillance
A terminal monitoring program developed and conducted by the Engineering
Section will be carried on from the tim<= of reorganization in the fall until
the conference for the purpose of evaluating any changes in the quality
of the rivers. This activity will be integrated into the monitoring
schecule of the Sanitary District for maKimum benefit.
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W I S C 0 N S N
ST ANTHONY FALLS (
LOCKftDAM
BAYPORT
MINNEAPOLIS
JORDAN
•BELLE PLAINS
HENDERSON
SUEUR
ANNUAL REPORT-FY 1965
TWIN CITIES - UPPER
MISSISSIPPI RIVER PROJECT
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DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Authority
The Detroit River-Lake Erie Project vas created in 1962 as a result of
the recommendations made at the first session of a joint Federal-State
Conference on Pollution of the Navigable Waters of the Detroit River and
Lake Erie within the State of Michigan. The project objectives are to det-
ermine the extent and sources of pollution in the study waters, to determine
the effects of this pollution, and to develop a plan for abating pollution
and improving water quality in the study area.
Conference Reconvened
The second session of the Conference, June 15-18, 19&5, received wide-
spread favorable publicity, and provided a valuable discussion of the
pollution problems in the study area. The Project report to the Conferees
covered many specific problems in detail such as sources and effects of
municipal and industrial wastes, the impact of combined sewer overflows
on water quality, areas of specific interference with health and welfare,
and factors affecting the aging of Lake Erie. Extensive data on current
patterns which transport wastes to problem areas in the Detroit River and
the Michigan portion of Lake Erie were also presented.
As the recommendations of the Conferees are put into effect, the im-
provement in water quality in the 'headwaters'1 of Lake Erie will provide
nearly four million residents of the area with a water resource of which
they can be justly proud.
Surveillance Established
During the past year, the Project staff was reduced as the Project
mission changed to a program of surveillance sampling to serve as a
continuing check on water quality in the study area. Samples were ob-
tained from the Detroit River, Lake Erie, major tributaries, areas of
intensive recreational use, and domestic and industrial waste sources. The
study of the characteristics of combined and separate sewer discharges was
contined with the cooperation of the Michigan Department of Health.
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WORK PLAN - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Surveillance to Continue
The Project will be engaged in a continuous monitoring of the water quality
of the Detroit River and the Michigan waters of Lake Erie. The main ob-
jective of the program will be to note and monitor the improvements which
have been called for in the recommendations of the second session of the En-
forcement Conference concerning the study waters. The Conference pointed
out problems and deficiencies in water pollution control and made specific
recommendations for remedial action to assure a continued supply of water
of sufficient quality to meet the needs of expanded population and economic
growth in the study area. Significant additional waste treatment works as
well as improved operation of existing facilities are required to meet these
objectives.
Routine activities will include sampling for significant chemical,
bacteriological, and physical indices of pollution in the Detroit River and
Lake Erie. Significant changes in water quality will be noted and reported
to proper authorities. Domestic and industrial waste effluents in the area
will be sampled regularly to deter.nine changes in waste loadings affecting
water quality in the river ana lake. These activities will be coordinated
with those of tne Detroit Fdela Unit of the International Joint Commission,
to prevent duplication of effort.
Combined Sewer Study
The Surveillance staff will continue to participate with the Michigan
Department of Health in a special study of the effect of overflows from
combined and separate sewers upon water quality. The study in the past
dealt only with the bacteriological aspects of the overflows but will now
be expanded to include the chemical and physical parameters that degrade
water quality. These studies will be designed to evaluate alternative
solutions the City of Detroit could use in solving this perplexing pollution
problem. Results will demonstrate the feasibility of certain pollution-
abatement measures, and how and in what proportions the Detroit River would be
affected by the various proposals.
Special Studie_s_
Special studies will be conducted in the areas where data may be lacking
and where improvements and changes have occurred in recent months which may
affect water quality conditions. These studies will include comprehensive
surveys on three new or expanded sewage treatment plants in the area and a
study of the effects of rainfall on the bacteriological quality of a Lake
Brie tributary.
The Project will also continue to collect data on the effect of wastes
from the Detroit metropolitan area on the biological productivity of Lake
Erie, in an effort to aid in understanding of the eutrophication process.
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/ LA K E
ST. C L A I R
ANNUAL REPORT-FY 1965
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE
SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
U <; D'L'Pa^TWENT OF He AI
rj!JBl. : '•'F A:
Oil A' ION -i A1'
. f M' , 1 v, F
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GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
PROJECT HEADQUARTERS '
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Illinois River Report Written
The Illinois River Basin Comprehensive Report to be published this summer,
provides a plan of action for pollution abatement and prevention which, when
implemented, will provide improved water quality for the present and anticipated
future water uses within the basin. The success of the program rests on:
improvements in treatment, exclusion, and control of waste discharges by
the MSD (Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago); sevage collection
and treatment for the outlying communities surrounding the MSD] the assured
availability of dilution water from Lake Michigan; improved treatment for
municipal and industrial wastes in the Joliet and Peoria areas; and improved
waste treatment and development of reservoirs for water quality control for
the tributaries of the basin. Solutions to problems such as nutrients and
control of storm spillage will depend on the outcome of research.
It has been estimated that the capital construction cost for presently
needed waste treatment facilities within the basin is about 58 million
dollars, and that ->.n annual capital construction expenditure of about
20 million dollars will be required to provide for obsolescence and future
growth over the next 20 years.
Illinois River Glean-up Started
Significant accomplishments of pollution abatement, or actions that
will result in improved water quality in the Illinois River basin, have al-
ready taken place and are believed to have been influenced directly or in-
directly by the findings resulting from the Project's studies in this area.
Programs have been initiated within the MSD to (l) connect industrial dis-
charges to its sanitary system, (2) correct malfunctioning storm relief
sewers, (3) improve the waterways monitoring activity, (U) initiate a study
of combined sewer system problems, (5) construct a Research Laboratory
and acquire staff for further study of waste treatment problems, (6) re-
quire unconnected industries to adequately treat waste discharges and (7)
require separation of sewers in new construction arid in major extensions
of old systems in the District outside the Chicago city limits. The Illinois
Sanitary Water Board has issued three technical releases in recent months
establishing policy with regard to waste treatment requirements for the
Illinois River and specific tributaries. These include secondary treatment
for all wastes discharged into these waters, eignty-five percent reduction
of BOD in organic wastes discharged by industry, the addition of tertiary
treatment and disinfection where it is found that conventional secondary
treatment is inadequate, and the destruction of cyanides before discharge.
The Sanitary Water Board has also reported significant progress in the
elimination of industrial waste discharges in the Peoria-Pekin area. The
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State of Indiana has reported construction of improved treatment facilities
in the Calumet area of Indiana tributary to the Illinois River, at the
Hammond treatment plant.
Lake Michigan Report Jfext
The Lake Michigan Basin Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Program
report is rapidly approaching its final stages of completion. The voluminous
data procured by the project are undergoing intensive digestion and eval-
uation for the purpose of determining the needed controls on waste dis-
charges and the means for effecting these controls. In addition to specific
problems encountered in the various tributaries, the Program will attack
the vital problem of nutrient build-up in the lake and its resultant im-
pairment of valuable water uses. The importance of a solution to this
problem cannot be overemphasized, since the effects of excessive nutrient
build-up will persist for many years, long after any corrective measures
are applied,, because of the extremely high ratio of Lake volume to annual
flow-through -- about 100 to 1.
Lake Michigan Clean-up Started
Results of the Project's studies in the Lake Michigan basin have al-
ready been applied in effecting water pollution abatement through the
calling of a Conference on Interstate Pollution of the Waters of the
Calumet Area. Project data were used extensively in arriving at the ex-
istence of interstate pollution in this area, and in the measures adopted
unanimously by the conferees for its abatement.
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WORK PLAN - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Lake Michigan Basin and Headquarters Operations
The first draft of the report on a comprehensive program for water
pollution control of Lake Michigan and its tributaries is scheduled for
completion during the first half of this fiscal year. As the Lake Michigan
basin program enters the implementation phase, Project staff will work in
coordination with the Calumet Area surveillance group, in the assembly and
interpretation of data on industrial waste discharges, and effectiveness
of improvements.
In addition to the drafting of this report and its subsequent evolution
into final form, the Headquarters office and staff will provide continuing
services to the operating fielM stations in the fulfillment of their res-
ponsibilities. These services will include:
1. Administrative and management functions relative to apportionment
of available funds, procurement and personnel services, space
and property control, and supervisory direction of basin programs.
2. Laboratory support.
3- Supervision in the operations of lake current studies.
k. Economics and Land- Use studies.
5- Data processing, and computer programming for mathematical models.
6. Development of operational plans for the study of the Lake Superior
basin.
7- Flow regulation studies for construction agencies.
8. Development of an implementation program for the Illinois River
Basin, and Lake Michigan Basin.
9- Consultation and review on technical matters.
These services will be fitted to the needs of the Program Office plans
and activities, subsequently described.
Lake Currents
This activity will be terminated in Lakes iCrie and Ontario in the fall
Df 1965. The processing of lake current data from both Lakes should be
completed by December 1965, arid will permit interpretation and report
writing to be completed by end of FY 66.
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Lake Huron current studies will be activated concurrently with the
removal of the meters from the other lakes. It is expected that this lake
will be instrumented in late fall of 1965- Field activities will continue
through this fiscal year.
Economics
Revisions will be made in the first draft of the economic and population
studies of the Lake Michigan and Lake Erie Watersheds to the extent neces-
sary in the light of later findings by the Office of Business Economics,
Department of Commerce, and of other organizations preparing economics and
related reports relative to general or specific growth trends in major water-
sheds. Work will be started on the Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, and Lake
Superior Watersheds.
Headquarters Laboratory
Lake Ontario samples will be sent to the headquarters laboratory for
all toxic metal, organic, and radiochemical analyses. In addition, aid
will be given on special studies and on any of the standard analyses when
the program office laboratory needs additional support.
Support for the Lake Huron Program Office will be similar to that
described for Lake Ontario, with additional support in biology. All the
biological study for Lake Huron will be conducted by the Chicago biology
staff.
The headquarters laboratory will provide the major support for the
Lake Superior study. It will provide all the laboratory services,chemical,
biological, microbiological, and radiochemical, and furnish the personnel
for doing all analyses performed at field locations.
Lake Superior Basin
This study will be in its initial stages of development, consisting
of facilities development, personnel build-up, arid study and work plan
development.
26
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l-C'I^ HVfcH iiASINS PROJECT
R'.M OFFICE
0:2!^^G^2i1^
Lake Erie Samp j. ing Completed.
The sampling programs for Lake irie and the major tributaries have been
completed. These programs were aeeigneu to determine the existing water
quality throughout the fus.in, "cne vaate assimilation capacity of the major
tributaries, and the sources of w^.ite? and their effects on water quality and
water uses. Twelve temporary y-^ro..-/ ;?,.fjjn»7 s*a.4"?ons were operated to obtain
flow records during the ^mplin,, •••'•'••!•-.!
Special Lake Studies
An extensive pro^ran, of sampling the bottom deposits of Lake Erie was
conducted, The data obtained ?' rorn this study indicate large quantities of
nutrient material stored in the muds and show a relationship of the muds to
the area of low dissolved oxygen in the central basin.
A special study of the ce;:*.r.il Das in of Lake tlrie was conducted in August
196*4- to determine the extent of t'^-.-iul stratification and dissolved oxygen
deficiencies. The study tJas na.de to aid in understanding the mechanisms
involved in the oxygen depletion of the hypolimnion,
The current meter program was begun and the results from the summer of
are being analyzed- The data obtained fro?.-; these measurements will show
the general circulation pattern of the water within the main body of the Lake.
Bathing Beaches oatnpl eu
Sampling was conduc UiCS at major bathing beaches of Lake Erie, to determine
the cause and extent ox microbiological pollution- Factors such as storm water
overflows, sewage treatment plant effluent and weuther conditions are being
evaluated under this program
Maumee Basin Study
a detaileu ST^UY ;t: v.^ter ^u^ilty problems of the Maumee River basin was
conducted, in response to u. request by th;- 'C^r^ o" Ohio- Special studies of
tastes and odors ana jlgaj growths were mi-rfe ^rrcum sampling to aetermine
waste assimilation rapacities received special emphasis =
Reports in Progress
Preliminary drafts of working documents were prepared for each of the major
sub basins and for the UIKO- lipeciaJ reports on part:; cv"' .ir problem areas have
tlso been prepared
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Reports in Progress, continued
Computer programs have been developed for statistical analysis of data.
Preliminary oxygen sag equations have been formulated for selected reaches of
the Cuyahoga and Maumee Rivers.
Technical Committee Appointed
A technical committee was formed to work with and assist the Public Health
Service to develop long-term plans for the control of pollution affecting Lake
Erie. The first major activity of the technical committee is the determination
of water quality indicators and limits appropriate to particular water uses*
Water Quality Groups were established and each group was assigned the task of
determining suitable indicators of water quality for a particular use or group
of uses.
Lake Erie Clean~up
As a result of a request by Governor Rhodes of Ohio, the Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare has called a conference on pollution of inter-
state and intrastdte waters of Lake Erie,, to be held early in august * The
Program Office will prepare reports of factual data on existing conditions,
with recommendations for remedial actions. It is expected that this conference
will provide the impetus for implementation of the comprehensive program for Lake
Erie basin.
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WORK PLAN - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Program Development
The Lake Erie Program Office will concentrate its activities in the
evaluation of data and the development of the water pollution control program.
Concurrently with the development of the control program the implementation of
the program will be started. This activity will consist of obtaining agreements
for pollution control with the State agencies and water users and presenting
the program to the public. The Program Office will assist the conferees of the
upcoming conference on pollution of Lake Erie in any manner needed.
Plan for Each Sub Basin
Through an engineering analysis of data and consultations with participat-
ing groups, a water pollution control program will be developed for each sub-
basin. The objective of each program will be to protect public health and wel-
fare and to meet the desires of the public for water quality. Abatement
measures and procedures will be set forth for each problem area, as well as a
plan to help preserve unpolluted streams in their present condition. The
planning will consider increased treatment, flow augmentation, removal of
nutrients, deep well disposal, regional collection and treatment facilities,
cooperative facilities, and methods for changing channel flow of the Lake and
tributaries.
Current Study Completed
The only field data collecting function that will continue into FY 1966
is the Lake current study. Current measurements will be completed in the fall
of 1965- Analysis of data will be completed during the fiscal year.
Basin Report Completed
The Lake Erie Comprehensive Report will be the means for presenting the
water pollution control program to interested public officials, legislators,
industry, water users, and citizens,
Public Awareness Program
It is anticipated that during the next year the Lake Erie Program Office
will be meeting the public more often through the news media, through speaking
engagements, and through committee work. A great amount of time will be spent
presenting our program to the public.
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GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT
LAKE HURON PROGRAM OFFICE
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 196$
New Program Office at Grosse lie
The Lake Huron Program Office acquired official status at the beginning
of the fiscal year UBPough transfer of personnel, equipment, and space from
the reduced operations of the Detroit River-Lake Erie Project, Reorganiza-
tion was designed to increase program efficiencyt Quality control principles
were used to effect substantial improvement in accuracy of field and laboratory
results. Summary statistics of sample data are now available for evaluation
within one month after the need for samples is determined in the office.
Lake Erie Program Aided
For the first half of the year operations centered around collecting ex-
isting water quality information for the Western Lake Erie Basin for the Lake
Erie Program Office. The Enforcement Report of the Detroit River-Lake Erie
Project was used as the base of information in the Detroit River and Western
Lake Erie areas. It was necessary to collect basic information in the Lake
St«Glair and St.Glair River Watersheds. Field and laboratory investigations
were conducted and inventories of waste treatment practices and needs were
compiled.
In the process of the investigations in Lake St.Glair, it was learned that
the wastes discharged to the Clinton River far exceed the assimilative capacity
of that waterway, and that a well-planned program is needed in this basin to
abate pollution and improve water quality, especially in the field of municipal
wastes,
Lake Huron Program Started
Field and laboratory investigations for the Lake Huron basin were begun
in January, 1965• Major tributary streams were sampled monthly, and after the
spring break-up, near-shore lake stations at selected locations were added to
the monthly sampling routine. Nineteen stations in the Saginaw River basin have
been sampled bi-weekly since spring. Results of analyses indicate that the
major problem area is the Saginaw River basin and Saginaw Bay, Alpena Harbor
and Thunder Bay also have poor water quality and may require detailed study,
Lake Erie Clean-up Started
Of special significance to effective comprehensive programs in the Great
Lakes was the second session of the Conference on Pollution of the Navigable
Waters of the Detroit River and Lake Erie within the State of Michigan held in
June of 1965- The recommendations made at this Conference and the action taken
by the citizens and the Conferees to abate pollution set the stage for a. clean-up
30
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program in all of Lake Erie. It is believed that other communities and
metropolitan areas in the Lake Erie Basin will continue the impetus generated
at this Conference and will initiate widespread improvements„
31
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VOiRK PLAN - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Saginaw River Basin
Ninety percent of the people and problems in the Dike Huron Watershed
are located in the Saginaw Valley. To cope with increasing water pollution,
major efforts will be expended in this historic Valley to meet the demands of
the present and future. Other basins in Lake Huron will not be overlooked,
however. Investigations to provide the technical base for the Comprehensive
Program will be completed in Fiscal Year 1966« brsh information will be used
to determine the following"
1. Reaches of streams where pollution is now a serious problem and needs
immediate attention.
2. A complete and accurate picture of the water quality in Southern Lake
Huron, especially in the vicinity of the proposed water intake for the City of
Detroit. This water intake is being designed to serve a projected population
of 6 million people in Southeast Michigan =,
3» Population and economic projections to predict future lake and tributary
water quality,
4. Types of present and future water uses.
5. The capacity of the tributaries and lake for assimilating the wastes
generated in the entire Lake Huron Watershed,
6, Water supply and waste treatment needs now and in the future to pro-
vide maximum protection to the water users-
?. The need for storage reservoirs to *• collate stream flow for water
quality control.
Program Formulation
The study will have as its aim the preparation and effective implementation
of a water quality management program in the Lake Huron Watershed to provide a
natural resource that the citizens will be proud of - The program will seek to
eliminate pollution before problems arise, rather than after the facto To
reach the citizens with the necessary information, brochures will be prepared
describing the program in Lake Huron and outlining its motives. Progress
reports will be published at the end of each year and public meetings held
annually to discuss progress and give to the citizens the water quality manage-
ment program they desire~
Public Awareness
The technique of friendly persuasion will " <- uced to reach the people,
backed up by reliable facts to justify the program- Committees and work groups
will be established to advance and sell the program
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The municipalities, industries, and the citizens residing in the Lake
Huron Watershed will come to know the program is theirs, and instilled within
their minds will be a willing and earnest desire to move ahead in water pollu=
tion control.
33
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GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS ,PROJECT
LAKE ONTARIO PROGRAM OFFICE
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
New Program Office at Rochester
The Lake Ontario Program Office completed the specific objectives of
its first fiscal year, namely; developing offices and laboratories, recruit-
ing personnel, transferring equipment from other facilities, purchasing new
equipment and supplies, preparing study and work plans, establishing liaison
with cooperating agencies, and undertaking the initial phases of the program
activities,
Field Program Started
The start in early February of bi-weekly sampling of 15 tributaries near
their outlets marked the kick-off of the most extensive water quality survey
ever undertaken in the Lake Ontario watershed. This sampling will determine
the annual input of substances directly related to present and future lake
quality problems. Deep water sampling at k2 stations, and inshore and harbor
sampling at 116 stations, completed the spring phase of a seasonal lake sampling
program -^o establish present levels of lake quality. Special sampling provided
waste assimilation characteristics in six of the most significant stream sectors
at cooler temperature and early summer flows. Several periodic measurements at
selected land runoff quality and pesticide detection stations, part of a
continuing program, is yielding data necessary to both the stream and lake
evaluations,
Stream flows were measured at 15 locations, supplementing U.3.G.3*
gagings, to provide flow data relating to sampling activities. Deep water
current meters, operating at a maximum of 18 stations, recorded wind, water
temperature, and water movement data for evaluating dispersions and transport
of pollutants.
Laboratory in Operation
Laboratory personnel accomplished most of the chemical, biological and
microbiological analyses at the Program Laboratories and on the laboratory
vessel. The project Headquarters laboratories performed analyses requiring
special equipment. Approximately 16,000 separate analytical determinations were
made on over 1,000 samples.
Engineering Studies Begun
Information on existing water uses and waste discharges was obtained,
compiled and displayed in ready form for estimating future conditions and
improvement needs„ A preliminary summary of problem conditions and immediate
improvement needs was prepared for each of the 11 subbasin study areas.
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Cooperative Activities
An intensive campaign of presenting a review of the program activities
to all responsible pollution control engineers in the State and County Health
Departments was successfully accomplished. Much interest was shown, and co-
operation is very gratifying in all areas where information and assistance is
required. A working relationship has been established with sanitary
engineering and scientific groups at both Syracuse and Cornell Universities.
The Program provides direct support to the Genesee Basin Comprehensive Study
and is actively cooperating with the newly formed Finger Lakes area water
resources planning study.
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WORK PLAN - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Field Studies Completed
Program activities in FY 1966 will be highlighted by the completion of
all field sampling, lake current studies, and laboratory analyses. Field
investigations will be completed by the end of the second quarter, except
for tributary mouth and special sampling which will continue into the third
quarter. The field phase of Lake current studies, both deep water and inshore,
will be completed during the second quarter,
Laboratory Work Completed
All laboratory analyses and identifications are expected to be completed
by the end of the third quarter. Approximately 32,000 separate determinations
from an estimated 2,000 samples are expected to be made during the fiscal
year. The measured data will yield parameters for describing cause and effect
relationships in simulation models <, The effects of estimated future waste
loads discharged to the water environment are thus predictable,
Evaluation of Data
During the second quarter there will be a shift in emphasis to engineering
evaluation and preparation of drafts of subbasin reports. Using the information
compiled on significant pollution discharges, the effects thereof on present
water quality and water uses will be evaluated in each subbasin. A study will
be made of factors contributing to the eutrophication of Lake Ontario and
important inland lakes. Further, the extent and hazard of runoff from areas of
heavy pesticide use will be examined,
Program Formulation
Planning the long-range program requires a description of the goals to be
attained. Water quality objectives will be determined for each separately
definable water use sector. Present stream standards are the baseline of
reference for developing workable quality objectives acceptable to a large
majority of the legitimate water users. The Lake Ontario Technical Committee
and Water Use Subcommittees are expected to devote a large part of the year to
developing water quality objectives.
Initial formulation of programs for each subbasin is expected by the end of
the fiscal year. Pollution control measures will be identified as immediate
and long-range. Needs for higher degree of treatment, better use of existing
facilities, flow regulation, collection and monitoring facilities will be
determined. Estimated costs of improvements, and a timetable for their
accomplishment will be determined, particularly for the use of those charged
with timely implementation.
36
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OHIO RIVER BASIN PROJECT
PROJECT HEADQUARTERS
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Ohio River Basin Type 1 Study
Project Headquarters has been involved in the preparation of the
Framework Study of the Ohio River Basin in cooperation with the Ohio River
Division Engineer. This report is due early in calendar year 1966. The
framework study will be preliminary or reconnaissance type investigations
intended to: (a) provide broad-scaled analyses of water and related land
resources problems, and (b) furnish general appraisals of the probable
nature, extent, and timing of measures for their solution. From the results
obtained to date, it can be seen that large cities such as Indianapolis,
Indiana, and Dayton, Columbus, and Canton, Ohio, either have or may have
in the near future serious water supply and/or quality control problems.
36a
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OHIO RIVER BASIN PROJECT
EVANSVILLE FIELD STATION
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Wabash River Basin Study
During fiscal year 1965, work was continued on the Big Walnut
Creek Reservoir study. In connection with this study and earliest joint
studies with the Corps of Engineers on White River, it was found that the
flow of that stream, even with carryover storage, could not accommodate
the future needs of Indianapolis for municipal and industrial supplies
and water for quality control purposes on White River below Indianapolis.
Accordingly, the Project Director suggested interbasin transport of water
from Big Walnut Creek. Preliminary investigations by the Corps of Engineers
indicated that this proposal not only would be feasible for future needs
but would be more economical than equivalent storage upstream from Indianapolis.
Preliminary computations have indicated that Indianapolis will re-
quire 3140 mgd for municipal and industrial purposes in 2020 and a flow of
1500 cfs will be needed in the river downstream to avoid a badly degraded
condition annually.
Work is currently underway on studies for the Helm site on Skillet
Fork and Louisville site on Little Wabash Rivers in Illinois. In Indiana
similar studies are underway for the Big Walnut Creek, Big Blue River, and
Flatrock River reservoir sites. It is anticipated that water for quality
control purposes will be needed from the proposed Big Blue River Reservoir
for quality control purposes for the eastern portion of the Indianapolis
area.
Parallel to and in conjunction with studies for the Corps of Engineers,
needs for municipal and industrial supplies and for water quality control
in the Patoka and Eel River Basins have been discussed in conference with
the Soil Conservation Service for inclusion in that agency's Wabash Basin
Comprehensive Study.
Brine Pollution Study
In addition to reservoir studies, a preliminary study was made of
the pollution from oil field brine wastes at the request of the Wabash
Valley Interstate Commission. This study pointed out the areas of pollu-
tion, the areas most seriously affected and the net effects of the pollution
upon interstate waters. This study called attention to areas of severe
pollution in Indiana not previously suspected. As per a request from the
Stream Pollution Control Board Secretary at the inception of the Wabash
Basin Study, the pollution areas were mentioned to state officials for
their further investigation.
36b
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Congressman Hamilton, Indiana Eight District, requested from head-
quarters a statement of the areas in his district in need of water supply
or having a quality control problem. This information relating to fourteen
counties was obtained from the State Board of Health and the Stream Pollution
Control Commission and forwarded for use in replying to the Congressman.
36c
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WORK PLAN - FISCAL YEAR 1966
Concentrated effort will be placed upon sampling in the West Fork
White River Basin from Martinsville, Indiana, to a point upstream from
Muncie including intensive sampling in the Indianapolis, Anderson, and
Muncie urban areas. Following this work, a more detailed computation will
be made of needs for water for municipal and industrial purposes as well
as for quality control.
A study of acid mine drainage in the Patoka River Basin will be
undertaken and samples from this basin will be collected and analyzed.
The area of sampling will be expanded and during the latter portion of
the fiscal year, operations will begin in the Upper Wabash River Basin.
Studies will be made, water supply and pollution control needs
determined, and reports prepared for reservoir sites as follows:
Reservoir Stream Subbasin
Helm Skillet Fork Little Wabash
Louisville Little Wabash Little Wabash
Big Blue Big Blue River E. Fork White
Downeyville Flatrock River E. Fork White
Big Walnut Big Walnut Creek W. Walnut White
36d
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OHIO RIVER BASIN PROJECT
WHEELING FIELD STATION
PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS - FISCAL YEAR 1965
Acid Mine Waste Study
An acid mine drainage study was initiated of the Raccoon Creek Basin
in Ohio in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources which
may lead to a cooperatively financed project under the new Appalachia
Program. Raccoon Creek is one of the most heavily acid mine drainage
polluted streams in Ohio, and the pollution has seriously affected prime
recreational areas owned and operated by the State of Ohio. Biological
field investigations were completed in May 1965, and an intensive field
survey was completed in June. Thirty-eight reconnaissance stations were
sampled in the field for pH, DO, temperature, and specific conductivity;
after which 21 stations were each sampled on six different occasions.
Samples were prepared for shipping via commercial bus to the Wheeling
Field Station where the following analyses were made in the Mobile Labor-
atory: Total hardness, chlorides, sulfates, acidity, alkalinity, iron,
manganese, and on four selected stations — BOD. An interim report will
be prepared pending investigations to be made during periods of higher
stream flows, after which a final report will be written.
During May 1965, the Field Station's Laboratory Services Section
studied several small tributaries to the Ohio River in the State of Ohio
which are seriously polluted with acid mine drainage. The objectives of
the study were: (l) study standard analytical procedures to determine if
modifications will be necessary to cope with high concentrations of iron,
aluminum, sulfate, acid and other materials characteristic of local coal
mine drainage; (2) to gain a better understanding of the chemistry of
acid mine drainage and to propose corrective measures; and (3) provide
valuable training of Field Station personnel to enable them to more
effectively resolve similar problems encountered in future field studies.
Two visits were made during the year to Canton, Ohio, in the
Sandy-Nimishillen Creeks Watershed to obtain water use and waste infor-
mation from local industries and. water purification plants for use in
the preparation of a flow regulation report for the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers. The principal water-using industry, Republic Steel, showed
no cooperation.
36e
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ORGANIZATION
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