WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATIONS
LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN
                     POPULATION AND ECONOMY
                 A technical report containing background data
                        tor a water pollution control program.
                         August 1967
            UJI1TKD STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
         FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
         Great Lakes Region           Chicago, Illinois

-------

-------
                             CONTENTS

                                                        PAGE
              TITLE                                     HUMBER

INTRODUCTION                                               1

     Basic Concepts                                        1

REGIONAL AND STATE TRENDS                                  2

LAKE MlCHIGAJf WATERSHED                                    If.

SUBREGIONS                                                 6

     W-2, Florence, Forest, Marinette, and
     Oconto Counties, Wisconsin                            6

     W-3, Brown, Langlade, Outagamic, Shavano,
     and Waupaca Counties, Wisconsin                       6

     W-4, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Marquette,
     Waushara and Winnebago Counties, Wisconsin            8

     W-5, Milwaukee and Waukesha Counties,
     Wisconsin                                             8

     W-6, Ozaukee, Sheboygan and Washington
     Counties, Wisconsin                                  10

     W-7, Calumet, Door, Kevaunee and Manitowoc
     Counties, Wisconsin                                  10

     M-l, Delta, Dickinson, Iron and
     Menominee, Michigan                                  11

     M-2, Antrim, Charlevoix, Emmet, Leelanau,
     Mackinac, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan         12

     M-3, Grand Traverse and Kalkaska
     Counties, Michigan                                   12

     M-4, Benzie, Manistee and Wexford
     Counties, Michigan                                   13

     M-5, Clare, Mecosta, Missaukee, Osceola
     and Roscoomon Counties, Michigan                     13

     M-6, Lake, Mason, Muskegon, Nevaygo and
     Oceana Counties, Michigan                            Ik

-------
                       COHTEHTS - Continued

                                                        PAGE
              TITLE                                     FJMBER

     M-7, Barry, Kent and Ottawa Counties,
     Michigan                                             15

     M-8, Clinton, Eaton, Gratiot, Ingham,
     Ionia, Montcala and Shiawasee Counties,
     Michigan                                             15

     M-9, Allegan, Calhoun, Jackson, Kalanazoo
     and Van Buren Counties, Michigan                     16

     M-10, Berriea, Branch, Caas, and St. Joseph
     Counties, Michigan                                   17

     HD-1, Lake and Porter Counties, Indiana             18

     IHD-3, nkfaart, Kosciusko, LaGrange, Hoble,
     St. Joseph and Steuben Counties, Indiana             19

     W-l, Wfclworth, Eacine and Kenosha
     Counties, Wisconsin                                  19

SUM4ARY CF PROJECTION                                    21

-------
                               TABLES

                                                               FOLLOWOiG
                               TITLE                          PAGE MUMBER

           Value Added by Manufacture of  Ullnois,                 2
           Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,  and Wisconsin
           1939, 19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962

 2         Total Manufacturing finployaent of  Illinois,             2
           Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,  and Wisconsin
           1939, 19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962

 3         Population of  Illinois, Indiana, Michigan               3
           Ohio, and Wisconsin - 191*0-1960

 V         Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,                3
           Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,  Wisconsin and
           Milwaukee — 1939, 19Vf,  195^, 1958,
           and 1962

 5         Paper and Allied Products                              3
           Value added for Illinois,  Indiana, Michigan,
           Ohio, Wisconsin, and Milwaukee SMSA
           1939, 19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962

 6         Chemicals and Allied Products                           3
           Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,
           Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,  Wisconsin, and
           Milwaukee SMSA « 1939, 19^7,  195^,
           1958, and 1962

 7         Petroleum and  Coal Products                             3
           Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,
           Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,  and Wisconsin
           1939, 19V7, 195**, 1958, and 1962

 8         Primary Metal  Industries                                3
           Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,
           Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin,
           and Milwaukee SMSA — 1939, 19^7,
           195*, 1958, and 1962

 9         Population and Area of the Lake Michigan                5
           Watershed by Subbasin

10         Lake Michigan Watershed Subreglona for                  5
           Economic Analysis

-------
                         TABLES - Continued

                                                              FOLLOWING
                               TITLE                          PAGE NUMBER

           Population of Subregions of the                        5
           Lake Michigan Watershed

12         Population of Subregions of the Lake                   5
           Michigan Watershed — 19^40-1960

13         Value Added by Manufacture of Subregions               5
           of the Lake Michigan Watershed (in 1957-
           1959 Constant Dollars)

14         Manufacturing Eatploynent of Subregions                 5
           of the Lake Michigan Watershed, 19^7-
           1958

15         Value Added by Manufacture and Dollar                  5
           Volume of Wholesale, Retail and Selected
           Services Trades - 1958

16         Value of Mineral Production and Value of               5
           Forest Products - 1959

17-A,      1960 Population Densities of Counties of               5
B & C      the Lake Michigan Watershed

Id         Employment in Major Water-Using Industries             5
19-A, B,   Major Water-Using Industries in Subregions
C & D      of the Lake Michigan Watershed

20         Population Projections for Subregions of
           the Lake Michigan Watershed

21         Projections of Population, Manufacturing
           Employment and Employment Equivalent
           Multipliers — I960 to I960 and 2020

22         Population and Value Added by Manufacture
           Milwaukee Standard Metropolitan Statistical
           Area

23         Value Added by Manufacture in Selected Major
           Water-Using Industries of the Milwaukee
           Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
           19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962

-------
                           TABLES . Continued

                                                                FOLLOWING
                                  TITLE                         PAGE NUMBER

             Subregion IND-1 — Dollar Value Added                 18
             by Manufacture

  25         Population and Value Added by Manufacture             18
             Gary-Hanmond-Eaat Chicago — Standard
             Metropolitan Statistical Area
                                FIGURES
                                                                 FOLLOWING
HUMBER                            TITLE                          PAGE NUMBER

   1         Subregions — Lake Michigan Watershed                  1

-------
                                 INTRODUCTION
   This is one in a series  of reports
documenting background information for
the development  of  a  water  quality
control program for  Lake Michigan and
its drainage basin.  For planning pur-
poses the Lake Michigan  Watershed has
been subdivided into appropriate trib-
utary drainage basins. For the purpose
of projecting  water  uses  and water-
borne waste loads for  these subbasins
and in order to develop  relationships
among water uses, waste loads, popula-
tion and economic  development, infor-
mation is needed on present conditions
and past trends  concerning population
and economy.

   For the economic analysis, the Lake
Michigan Watershed was divided into 19
subregions  of  from  2 to 7  counties
each and ranging in size  from  795 to
4,l66  square miles  (Figure l).  Data
from  these subregions  were  used  in
making the aforementioned projections.

Basic Concepts

   Two concepts  used throughout  this
report need some  definition or clari-
fication — "municipal" population and
"value  added  by  manufacture."    To
obtain a suitable  measure  of popula-
tion  growth  from  the  standpoint of
controlling and preventing  water pol-
lution, "municipal" population is con-
sidered as that  population  presently
or likely  to  be  served by municipal
water supply and sewerage systems.  To
arrive at such an estimate, both   the
"urban" population of counties and the
population of incorporated areas with-
in counties were  considered.  Where a
difference existed, the  higher of the
two figures was utilized and consider-
ed as municipal.

   "Value  added  by  manufacture"  is
considered by the Bureau of the Census
as "the best value  measure  available
for  comparing  the relative  economic
importance of manufacturing  among in-
dustries  and geographic  areas."  For
195^  and  earlier  years,  the  meas-
ure was obtained  by  subtracting  the
cost of materials,  supplies  and con-
tainers,  fuel,   purchased   electric
energy, and  contract  work  from  the
value of shipments for  products manu-
factured plus  receipts  for  services
rendered.  For 1958 an "adjusted value
added" was  obtained  by  taking  into
account the following items:  a) value
added   by  merchandising   operations
(that is, the difference  between  the
sales  value  and  cost of merchandise
sold   without   further  manufacture,
processing, or assembly)  plus  b) the
net change in finished goods and work-
in-process inventories between the be-
ginning and end of the year.

   Historical  employment  data for 32
industry  sectors  for  each county in
the  Watershed  were  prepared  by the
Office  of  Business  Economics of the
Department of Commerce.   From the 32,
industry  sectors 5,  10,  and Ik were
selected  as  best  approximating  the
major  water-using  industries -- sec-
tors 5 and 10  are  food  and  kindred
products and chemicals and allied pro-
ducts,  respectively.   Sector  Ik in-
cludes pulp and paper, primary metals,
and petroleum and  coal products.  The
net  change  in  employment  in  these
industries was computed for each econ-
omic subregion in  the  watershed  for
the I9kO to I960  period.  Information
received  at  a  later  date   enabled
"breaking out" paper and  allied prod-
ucts, petroleum and  coal products and
primary  metals  manufacturing,   thus
listing 35  rather  than  32  industry
sectors.

-------
                                             ANBURENIKALAMAZOO  CALHOUH
M-6
        L EGEND
Lake Michigan Watershed Boundary
Subregion Boundary
County Lines
Also In Illinois River Basin
Subregion Numbers
               o      zs
                                    50
                         SCALE IN MILES
                                                  GREAT  LAKES —  ILLINOIS
                                                   RIVER  BASINS   PROJECT
                                                        SUBREGIONS
                                               LAKE MICHIGAN WATERSHED
                                          U 3 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTFRlOR
                                      FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION COWTROC  ADMIN
                                               Rtgion            Chicoij

                                                                FIGURE"

-------
                            REGIONAL AND STATE TRENDS
   To provide  a  background   against
which manufacturing trends  as a whole
in the  Lake Michigan Watershed can "be
seen  more  clearly, data for selected
States  have been  prepared.   Table 1
indicates the trends in value added by
manufacture in  the  five-state region
comprised of Illinois, Indiana, Michi-
gan, Ohio and Wisconsin.   As the dol-
lar values shown are not  in  constant
dollars, they are  expressed as a per-
cent of the nation's total value added
by manufacture  during the years 1939>
1947, 1954, 1958, and 1962. This ratio
analysis tends to eliminate the effect
of changes in dollar  values when com-
paring regional, state  or  other sub-
regional trends.

   As compared with  national percent-
ages, the five-state  region  declined
slightly  but  steadily from  1939  "to
1958.  The  trend  for  the  State  of
Michigan was not  consistent  with the
national  trends - showing an increase
from  19^7  to  195!*. and a substantial
decline  from  1954 to 1958. From 19^7
to 1958, however, the  trend  in  both
the five-state region and in the State
of Michigan was one  of  decline  with
the Michigan decline being more severe.
Ohio showed a somewhat  similar trend.
Generally, however, the  trend  in all
states from  19^7  to  1958  (omitting
195^)   was  slightly  downward,  with
minor declines in Indiana  and Wiscon-
sin and a sharp decline in Illinois.

   The trends in  total  manufacturing
employment (as a  percent  of  the Na-
tion)  in  the  five-state  area  show
great  similarity  to  the  trends  in
value added by manufacturing.  Table 2
indicates  that  total   manufacturing
employment for the  five-state region,
after  a  slight increase from 19kj to
    , declined  sharply  from  195^ to
1958.   Prom  19U7  to  1958 (omitting
195*0,  Michigan  showed  the  largest
decline, Illinois and Ohio showed sub-
stantial decline,  the  Indiana  ratio
was  rather   stable,   and  Wisconsin
showed an increase.

   The 1962 Annual  Survey of Manufac-
tures, which  is  based  upon a repre-
sentative sample of about 60,000 manu-
facturing establishments    throughout
the United States,  provides  informa-
tion which should be considered in any
appraisal of trends  of  manufacturing
activity.  Although  the estimates ob-
tained  from  this  sample  vary  from
totals that would  be obtained  from a
canvass of  all  manufacturing  estab-
lishments, they are sufficiently accu-
rate for the formulation of  judgments
concerning  trends in major regions or
industry groups.
   The 1962 five-state total  of value
added by manufacture  as  a percent of
the Nation was  about 29-2  percent as
compared  with  about  29-0 percent in
1958, about 31.0  percent  in 195^ and
31.5 percent in 19^7.  Generally,  the
trend from 1958 to 1962 was to reverse
the slightly  downward trend from 19^7
to 1958.  In summary,   the five-state
region  tended  basically to  increase
its industrial  activity  at about the
national rate.

   The five-state  trend  as  shown in
the 1962 figures was  approximated  by
the Wisconsin, Indiana, and   Michigan
trends,  with  Michigan  and   Indiana
showing the  strongest  tendencies  to
revert  to  earlier  national  propor-
tions.  Illinois continued  to decline
significantly  and Ohio showed a minor
gain.  Generally, the same trends held
in manufacturing employment.

-------
 oo
 a
 o
 o
 (0
1
t>o
•H
•8
•H
 CO
•H
 O
 o
•H

a
•P
 O
 OS
      •d
CO
UN
ON
UN
ON
3
ON
CO
ON
                    CO
                    UN

                    2
                    UN
                    ON
                    ON
                    CO
                    ON
                    H
                    •r)
                    v
                    I
                          a
                          3
                              I
                                 0)
                                 -P
vo
!>•
ON
VO
«\
CO
H
OJ
CO
H
UN
VO
VO
*
CVI
CO
CO
00
^o
^3
ON
O
ON
H
CO
CO
VO
VO*
0
ON
VO
3
OJ
oT
Illinois
o
*
o
o
t^
ON
CO
H
-d-
UN
ON
CO
O
VO

O
-=?
0
6
oT
o
•*
OJ
o

Indiana
t-
vo
OJ
ON
VO
ON
ON
UN
VO
CO
00*"
^
t^-
OJ
£
CO"
0
^
H
i
UN
CO
t^-
*
I
i-T
Michigan
H
*
CO
t-
UN
H
CO
UN
f
J
vo
06
^
UN
H
cT
H
VD
CO
O
03
UN
CO
vo"
^
CO
UN
UN
O?
0
•H
CO
*
OJ
OJ
8
H
CO
OJ
UN
ON
UN
ON
CO
t^-
OJ
OJ
oo
^^
H
CO
ON
OJ
CO
5
o?
00
OJ
vo
$

Wisconsin
                                                                             ON
                                                                             OJ
                                                                            co
                                                                             ON
                                                                             cT
                                                                      VO
                                                                        •
                                                                      UN
                                                                      UN
                                                                      CO
                                                                             UN
                                                                       o
                                                                        •
                                                                       CO

                                                                      ft
                                                                       CO
                                                                       OJ
                                                                             CO
                                                                       oo
                                                                           0)
                                                                          -P  09
                                                                          CO -P
                                                                              O
                                                                          UN EH
                                                                                       8
                                                                                      I
                                                                                       ca
                                                                                       1
                                                                                       UJ
                                                                                             • -  CO
                                                                                             (0 4-1
                                                                                             v  %

                                                                                             5j
                                                                                             •P S
                                                                                             o
                                                                                             
-------
 O
 09
S


I
 O
•rl
 a

 I

3
 o
       00
       l/N

       0>
       H
       ON
       oo
       ON




f\t
\.VJ
^^3
^^
H





l/N
ON
H





-*.
-^^
ON
H





t-
O\
H



ON
CO
H







a
v*.

*
H

dS
^
w
i
w
T*
H

(§
•
tt
_^j

M
•*

H
I
trf



*

I
M
W)
*
*
V*.
s
w
i




0)
-P





o"
o
c5
•s
H



•~*
5
25
<\
H




<•— x.
§
•s
H




*-*x

•s
rH


§

1*^ *•







H
^


H
J-
ON
H
•N
H
^
^-

OO
so
CO
H
«\
H
vo
t-

^
8J
OJ

H
00
t-

H
VO
00
H
H
IA
h-

t-
ON
ir\


M
•rH
c
•H
a
vo
00


t-
\^}
\f\
t/^

^
OO

ON
o
tr\



VO
CO

CO
CO




co

CO
°p
UN.

^
oo

VO
*



M
1
•H
1
VO
LTN


VO
^0
fir)
ON

l/N
IT\

-*





VD
VO

l/N
vo
o
•h
H

VO

l/N
l/\


OJ
vo

OJ
H
CM
^JD




60
•H

O
OO
t--


vo
OJ
OJ
OJ
H"
l/N
^

H
SO
ON
H
^
H
0
CO

vo
ry
Q\
OJ

H
00
t^

CO
_^.
H
•x
H
CO
^

co
oo





O
•H
8
CO
OJ


c~~
ON

••zr

t~~
OJ

vo
CO
OO
-^-


^
OJ

OJ
ON
CO
J"


vo
OJ

ON
LTV
S

l/N
OJ

vo
-d-
OJ

a
•H
w
8
0
w
CO
VO
OJ

t^-
ON
H

^
lf\
vo
CVJ

CO
OJ
l/N
OJ
•v

IP»
CO
OJ
o
OQ
O\
IT\
•s,

OJ
CO
OJ
H
O
rt
^
ON
«

-*
a
OJ


0) H

4-^ O
CO &H
-P


I
H
                                                                                        o

                                                                                        .0
1
-p

 co


 8
•H
-P
                                                                                        0)
                                                                                        o
                                                                                        t->
                                                                                        cu
                                                                                        ft


                                                                                       J8
                                                                                       -P

                                                                                        CO
                                                                                       -P
                                                                                        o
                                                                                              OO  OJ

                                                                                              LTNVJD
                                                                                              ON ON
                                                                                               CU
                                                                                               O
                                                                                              CO

-------
   Regional   and   state   population
trends from 19^0 to 1960 are shown  in
Table 3.  The total five-state popula-
tion trend  from  19^0 to I960  showed
little change  as  a  percent  of  the
Nation, remaining at about 20 percent.
The State of Michigan  trend, however,
has been to  increase  as a percent of
the Nation  even  during  the  1950 to
I960 decade.   In  contrast,  Illinois
declined as a percent of the Nation.

   Trends  in  specific  major   water
using  industries  are  indicated   in
Tables k to 8.

-------
                               TABLE 3
      Population of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin
                              191*0-1960
State
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
1940
Population
(1,000)
7,897-2
3,427.8
5,256.1
6,907.6
3,137.6
i/
6.0
2.6
4.0
5.2
2.4
1950
Population
(1,000)
8,712.2
3,934.2
6,371.8
7,946.6
3,434.6
i/
5.7
2.6
4.2
5.2
2.3
1960
Population
(1,000)
10,081.2
4,662.5
7,823.2
9,706.4
3,951.8
£N:
5.6
2.6
4.4
5.4
2.2
5 State Total    26,626.3     20.2
30,399.^    20.0
                                                                                 I/
36,225.1    20.2
I/ % N is the percent of the Nation's total population.
Source:  1960 Census of Population.

-------









o
JS
O
•*
a
0)

•H
O
g

s"
M
or
•H
13
rf\ rt
\JJ u
8^
5? **
O -H
cc o
A | Cl
aa
S H


H O
^rf ^-i
Q CD
•p
Q 0
Q 05
o CM
Jfe 3

>>
,Q
Ti
CL>
5
"*•









































^1
OJ
^f Vjf")
a ON
Oj
-d
rt\ Jj«
U/ w
0)
3CcT
0 LTN
5 ON
H H

Jg »s
-f
irj LfN
*^
cTi^
CQ ON
§"1
co ON
•H OO
St ON
H



























•d
0)
1
OJ
OS *3
_J __1
H 3
>



-d
(D
rrt
^?
CO
LTN O
CT\ ^
f4 »— -I
3
>



Tt
i
^j
t/\ dj
o\ *^
_j
^"^ *~1





"d
1
t-
-=!• 0)
ON 3
H 3





'd
T}
*d
^q
ON
oo a)
ON 3

!>

















^^
oils
^

0 S
vJ H
•H Cd
rlrl
*(H O
S3 P

^
oj|s
"ri*.



fl CO
n tj
v rl
•H 0!
SS
*rH O
23 fl

oTla
>*

0 S
° d
H H
d ^
3a




nii^-
t\J|^
^».

C co
*1~{ Q]
_j __j
rl^
JgJ Q



Ants**
VVJ |rC-t
^ft>


O co
S M
•H Q
r-j r~|
*rH O
jj* p^















-^t H
ON oo

CO OJ
LfN O
ON \O
*v
H


-3- ON
ON OJ



O oo
00 H
LfN O
\O LfN
*\
H

t>- co
ON OJ

O LfN
CO CO
H on
r»
H




iLfN OJ
H oo


ON CO
*> ^
ON OJ



00 H
H <^




VO LfN
o ON
O O
-5 H











co
O fl
^ -H -H
fl3 rH 'd
w d H

c—
oo

i^O
OJ
OJ
t-




CO
oo



VO
t^
LfN
\o



•^
oo

LfN
t—
00




H
OO


H
^-
LfN
OJ



O
-4-




ON
OJ
-j-
H











1

•H
O

O
LTN

OO
00
LTN
O
•^
H


O
LfN



VO
H




vo
^*

o
LfN
OO




LTN
•*


H
^
oo



OJ
LTN




OO
X^Q
CO
H













O
1

vo
oo

ON
oo
LfN
t--




VO
oo



C^-
-4-
OJ



OO
oo

0
oo
CO
fr^




LTN
OO


ON
SN
OJ



VO
oo




0
^_
OJ
H










a
•H
CO
a
o
CJ
CQ
•H

ITN
rH

OO
f_
9)




VJD
H



VO
l/N
t—
OJ



CO
H

LfN
VO
OJ




CO


7^1
J-
*
H



.
•^
p^l




<£
"^^
^^


^-^
<^
^n
**p|
W
0)
0)

3
§
H
g


CO
OJ

LfN
LfN
H
•^
LfN


VO
_^
OJ


OJ
CO
(?)
•\
•*

ON
oo
OJ

o
OJ
LTN
O?




t—
LfN
OJ


CO
H
r~|
*\
OJ

OJ
t^l
OJ



oo
^G
vS
ON







•^
^3
o
EH
1)
-P
$
CO
LfN





















-p

. -P O
rl CQ
•H 3 0)
to "d ,C
O M S
0 M
co 0) 3


co O O
CD ^-t Vl
•H
Hi
O -P H

(D O
4d -H -P
3 -P O
at oJ Q
5e fl
^
r-llOJ|OOl

d)


































CO
LfN
ON
H
•
•N 03
-4- (U
H ^
o

$> ^
ON d
CQ ^^

*LJ o
^j
ij *^
^^ K'S
CtJ ^
^ ^
Jco

J 	 I
CD
*M ^
o a
3
co <
^J
CQ OJ
C VO
41 ON
0 H


^ s
0)
0
CO

-------
in
         O
        •H
         §
         bO
        •H

        S
     CO
O   •* 4)
5  CQ  4)
S -H ^
O  O ^
    S^  e
   •H  ?
„ H H
 f* 'tf
,° g
Vl CO
        •P  (Q

     S §8
     PW ^H  O
     < 3  to
,0
•s
        s
        1
                 OJ

                *
                CO
                in
                ON
                H
            in

            H

             •v
            t--

           ^
            H
         ^
         ON
         H
                               OJ
                      CO

                       &
                       H
                               ITv
                               ON

                                     0)
 0)


I
                                     0)
                                           to
                                      0)
                                      fi
                                      s
                                                       vo    oo    H    ON
                                                        •     •     •      •
                                                       H    -*    VO    VO
                                                 VO
                                                  •
                                                 in
                                               vo
                                                •
                                               in
                                               H
                                               H
                                                 ^-
                                                 co
                                                 ON
                                                 H

                                                CO
                                                      MD
                                               ON

                                               H
                                                  CO

                                                  in
                                                  in
                                                vo
                                                 in
                                                      vo

                                                      vo
                                                 CO
                                                       OS
                                                      •H
                                                      •S
            a    3
                                                             CO
                                                        ON

                                                        ON
                                                        in
                                                        OJ
                                                             OJ    OJ
                                                             o

                                                            vo*
                                                    vo
                                                     in
                                                     3
                                                     &D
                              CO

                              VO
                                                              O    I-
                                                                •      •

                                                              ON    O
                                                              OJ    ON
                              O

                              VO




                              CO

                              CO
                                         O    -*    H    -*    ON

                                         in    H    in    vo    vo
                                                                         rt
in

vo
                                                                        CO
                                                                        CO
                                                                         OJ
                                                                          *
                                                                         t-
                                                              ON    oj
                                                              in    vo
                                                                  •
                                                                  S
                                                                 8
                                                                 o
                                                                 (0
                                                                                 ON
                                                                                VO
                                                                                 in
                                                                                VO
                                                                        CO


                                                                        OJ
                                                                                CO
                                           -d-


                                            {j
                                                                                 vo


                                                                                 OJ





                                                                                 ON
                                                                                 OJ
                                                                                         CO
                 H


                CO


                 OJ



                CO
                                                                                         H
VO

VO
OJ
                                                                                 ON

                                                                                 CO
                                                                                 OJ
                                                    H
                                                    in
                                                    OJ
                                                                                 3
                                                                                 -P
                                                                                         4)
                                                                                 ra
                                                                                 in
                                                                                                0)
                                                                                                  ,
                                                                                                  -P -o
                                                                                               O 4)
                                                                                               W
                       4>

                      I
                                  CO
                                   in
                                   ON
                                   H

                                    ^ ea

                                   in &
                                   ON 3
                                    I ij
                                      O
                                    •» «
                                                                                                       CQ



                                                                                                      -P  >>
                                                                                                       O  0)
                                                                                                       a)  >
                                                                                                      
                                                                                                            o

-------
cu
00

o^
H
ON
H
      tJ
      0)
      V
         §§
      •CJ
      0>
      •d
      s
ir\    o>


5    I
           X*l
llon

Dollars
      1
11
           S
      0)
                \o
        ON

        vo
evjlfej   ^

  •tfq   t^-
82
         ta

        |


        H

        rt
                           CJ
                           00
                             *

                           vo
                           a
                            O
                        00


                        l/N
                                CO
        oo   o\    ON   ON
                      l/N
                           ON

                           LTN
             VO    OJ   ON
               •     •     •

             CO    LT\   l/N
                           03
                           OJ
                           -*    OJ
                            •     •

                           vo   vo
                                      ON
ro
co
o
VO
s
l/N
J-
CO
t-
vo
CO
CO
CO
ON
-d-
o
l/N
H
                                      CO
                                       •

                                      l/N
                                      CO

                                      ON
OJ
oo
•
-*
ro
•
l/N
ITS
VO '
ON
•
                                 OJ    OJ
                                             CO
OO


l/N
CO
                                             CO
                                    00


                                    ON

                                    OJ
                                     H
                                     OJ
                                      OJ
                                       •

                                      H
                                      ®|
                                      ^1
                                       a     H  0)
      g  a H

      O  O  oJ
      O  +> H
           iH


      co  d  o)
      ft)  O

      3  +>  O

      £g°



      111

      «  "t|  >>
      d>  O  M
                                                                w

                                                             P«
                                                    r
                                                  00 -P

                                                 -P
                                                  to co
                                                           I S5 -P

                                                           • •^w
                                                    l/N
              0)

             •8
                                                                    00
                                                             >. ta
                                                                     9)
                                                                     O

-------

'S
t*
C\J 0)
VQ J3
^\ r-j
j>



•* H)
O TZi
CO 0)
U-N 3
SON rj
n i «•
r~l JO
tt) >
3
o
•\
0}
c

G T *& "S
g c H jd
O tj «?
Ofi ** ifl _^*
04 CD 3 LTN 0)
i-» O ON p
sj ° "3 * H d
o H SON >
Q M ° H

6? (^ *v
<2 (H ^ -sf"
_ O in
X 4-i TJ ON
H 0) 1 H
O 3 t>- "tf
W aJ H ^
n. &^ s^. ^c
a •» ^J-
JON ON o>
CO H 3
ON rj
>, H ^
•a
o>
T)

^

At
3 'd
d ^
CQ tJ
>• ON 'O
OO *

C to
5S
3 3
5! 5




*
**.



82
•r! Cd
3 3
jjj Q




*
-^


•H d
33






a
^



82
•H 3
H H

g £







V
-p
ob
ILPi
VO

0
^
OO
CVJ
00
00


ro
OO
0
CVJ




Ivo
ON




VO
H
CVJ




H
00


H
CVJ






l/N
•
oo



^
•
t--
I/N




09
t-l
0
a
•H
H
O
in

oo
ON
f—
H
t-
-*


ITN
t-
H
H




VO
t-




00
ON
t— |




t-
IfN


-d-
oo
3






ON
CO



O

s





cO
rt
3
•H
I
H
CVJ

VO
^1-
r-

o
CVJ


t-
o
LTN




0
OO




CO
VO





in
CVJ


CVJ
o
in






H
CVJ



oo
*
H




rt
OD
W)
•H

"o
VO f"~>
^

oo _*
H r-l
VO H
rH
VO J"
in


CO ON
H O
-* H
H




H -*
N-




a\ vo
ON O\
in
H




oo in
_^.


oo oo
in ON






o <;




o

cvj a



a
•H
(0


O 0
•H ra
$ S
in
CO
H
VO
t—
in
vo
0
H
CVJ

CVJ
ON
CVJ




CO
(J.
CVJ



t^
Cv]
vo




vo
H
CVJ

CO
§






^J
~^-





|3
CO
•-<
1
•H

H)
JS

O

3
O
-p
o
•H
-P
§

01
43
-P

a_i
O
•P
fl
9)
O
a>
P<

JS
-p
CO
•H
J5

^^


, ,
0)

































CO
in
CJ\
H
•
•V W
O\ ^3
H*J
"T1*
O
•^ aJ
m ^
ON g

JE
ca
1) CH
H O

-P t>»
O 
-------
EH








•\
o
S
rl
§
M
•H
43
O
s
*\
«d\
§^
•H «* ON
•o W H
f*i yj
H W tJ
C
•s 3
CQ 0)
•H H «»t~-
r-4 f~f -^
P R -T
•P -rl ON
O CQ H
oj a
 H
>»
r^
T3
a>











rr(
\J
0)
1
OJ «
'ON 5
U\ fTj
rH g




«
1
CO (I)
UN ?!
ON rH
H «S
>



•d
0)
•3
•9
-* 
H 1
>







Allfe 1
v. VI l^i
•6RJ
8 2
° «
33
•r) O
S P
oDsl

•*w

C CQ
0 H
•H 3
H H
H H
£j 5
S P
oUa
>J»H





a CQ
O rj
•rl 3
H_J
r~i
H H
$a


rt7l5»*
t\l|*H
>R


8 2
•H 3
dd
ga

•~».
OjlB
>&.

fl CQ
^S
<~~i rH
?H O
Jjj ^^



a>
-P
(S
£
H CO
OO ON

OJ OJ
iA ro
OJ ON
H W
•v **
H ft
00 O
•
t- ON


ON CO

VO (•-
Q -*
ON O
•\
H
CVJ l-
• •
CO 0-







VO CO
t^- t^
c3 ^


C- CO
• •
ON b-




00 CVJ
V£3 ON
ITN J;
UN ^~


IO H
• •
rl ^

O O
• »
(f\ O
OJ H
ro OJ


CQ
•H 
1—
3 ^€
1 w
H w
£
o
OJ
-^~
t—
CO
0^
•^
ir\
lf\

^>


ON
•
J-
0\
-*
*v
J-
H
•
ON
CO






ON
cO
t-
OO
CO

H
OJ
-tf



ON
•
-*
5
«\
OJ


o
ft
CO
-*

CO
o
F-
OJ
•«
H

*d
53
CO O
EH
tTN


















•
!>>
•P
>> 1
rl 0
. 4J O
o CQ
•H 3 aJ
CO Tl ,C
BC co
•H 4)
o ,5
Wfll ^
*4/ ^-*
ti & £
:* -p *
..t.*.
•* H H
(0 O O
OJ "+H «H
•H
S^H
H -L3 Q
oo^
U -P H
•H
**!
CO J3 OJ
>
4) O H
5 -P
P -P CQ
S c d
J* 4> rtf
gS5
^*8
O 4)
43 "d
CQ -P 4)
•p +;
CQ ca gj
•rl -H a
CQ -H
BS5 -P
CQ
O^W
"Hlaii^

i>
-p
£


































• «\
CO
UN
ON
rH
•
«, CQ
-4- 0)
UN £
ON 3
H Op
o
••> OJ
&%
ON §
2>
to
O 4-t
fj O
•p >>
CJ 4)
c(5 ^
B- ( t i
Til r"l
Z3 ^i
IH
*H S
0 §

g-5
CO OJ
Ovfi
S^
0)
o
w

-------
                            LAKE MICHIGAN WATERSHED
   In I960  approximately  5-7 million
people  lived  in  those  counties  of
Michigan, Wisconsin, and Indiana which
lie  wholly  or largely  in  the  Lake
Michigan  Watershed - about  twice the
1910  population.  Over  the  next  60
years the number will likely more than
double again to total approximately 13
million.  The latter doubling from 5-7
million  to  13 million,  however,  is
numerically twice that of the  1910 to
I960 period.  Although the  past,  and
likely  the  future,  rates  of growth
generally parallel the  national rate,
great  differences  exist  within  the
Watershed.  Some subregions, or county
groupings  have  actually  declined in
population,   e.g.,   parts  of  Upper
Wisconsin and  Upper Michigan.  Others
have   experienced   unusually   rapid
growth  or  large  increases  in total
numbers.  Some have experienced  both;
e.g., the Milwaukee area in  Wisconsin
increased  from  ^70,000  in 1910   to
1,200,000 in I960; the Michigan subre-
gion which includes Kalamazoo,  Battle
Creek   and   Jackson  increased  from
approximately   2^0,000   in  1910  to
almost  550,000  in  1960.  Some  have
shown   even   more   rapid  rates  of
increase.  Present signs indicate that
the metropolitan  areas  will continue
to demonstrate  these  large increases
in population.  Problems of water sup-
ply and  pollution control  will  also
arise in smaller subregions which have
had  and are  likely  to  continue  to
experience rapid growth rates.

   It is also  important  to  consider
what is and will likely  continue hap-
pening with respect to industry.  Most
projections for the United States as a
whole  indicate  at  least  a  sixfold
increase in industrial activity during
the next 60 years.  For the most part,
the Lake Michigan Watershed will share
in this growth, although,  as in popu-
lation,   different   subregions   and
industries  will  have  varying growth
both in rate and total volume. In 1958
value  added  by  manufacture  totaled
$5-6  billion  in  the Watershed - and
this does not include  that portion of
the  northwestern  Indiana  industrial
complex  which  is  partly within  the
area.  In 1958, value added  by  manu-
facture in this Indiana  area  totaled
$1.3 billion.  Large industrial subre-
gions exist in both  the Wisconsin and
Michigan portions  of  the  Watershed.
Each State contributes about $2.5 bil-
lion, with the Indiana subregion which
contains South Bend accounting for the
rest.  The industry  distribution pat-
tern differs, however,  with Wisconsin
having  its  largest  concentration of
$1.6 billion  in  the Milwaukee subre-
gion and Michigan having  four concen-
trations ranging  from $289 million to
$760 million. Although historical data
for manufacturing  activity is not  as
readily available  as  population data
for counties  and subregions, informa-
tion for total manufacturing  activity
since 19^7 is sufficient  to point the
way to likely future  growth.  Between
19^7  and  1962  the  dollar volume of
value    added   by   manufacture   in
Milwaukee County, expressed   in 1957-
1959   constant  dollars,    increased
almost 60 percent.  Several industrial
concentrations in  Michigan — notably
Muskegon,  Kent,  Ingham  and  several
other counties — also had both  large
volume and rapid growth rates  between
1957 and 1962.

   The industrial   mix  also  differs
considerably  from state to state  and
subregion to subregion.  Some of these
industries  are those which are usual-
ly  labeled large water users, such as
food  and  beverages, chemicals, paper

-------
products  and  primary metals.  Growth
in these water using industries in the
Watershed  is  expected to approximate
national  growth  rates, but with some
subregions  growing  at  a  faster  or
slower  rate, depending upon such fac-
tors as resource availabilities, prox-
imity  to  markets  and  other natural
advantages  or  disadvantages.     The
availability   of  water  in  adequate
quantity  and  quality  is  one of the
major factors influencing growth.

   Tables 9 through 21 show additional
population and  economic factors which
are considered in the narrative state-
ments  that follow concerning specific
economic subregions.  The rather rapid
growth for small areas does not neces-
sarily imply  corresponding  increases
in water use.  Water reuse and related
factors are  developed  in later chap-
ters.

   Tables 20 and 21 summarize the pro-
jected population and  economic growth
by subregions.

-------
                            TABLE 9

       Population and Area of the Lake Michigan Watershed
                          by Subbasin

                                             I960         Area  in
          Subbasin                        Population    Square  Miles

Boardman River and Traverse Bay
Area                                         82,000        2,300

Betsie, Manistee, Pere Marquette,
White and Minor Adjacent Streams            105,000        4,440

Muskegon River                              192,000        3,250

Grand River                                 949,000        5,720

Kalamazoo River and Minor Adjacent
Streams                                     446,000        2,490

St. Joseph River and Minor Adjacent
Streams                                     766,000        5,260

Calumet Area                                535,000           440

Milwaukee River and Minor Adjacent
Streams                                   1,493,000        1,470

Sheboygan, Manitovoc and Sturgeon
Bay Area                                    230,000        2,700

Fox River                                   509,000        6,370

Oconto, Peshtigo, Men oral nee and
Minor Adjacent Streams                      162,000        6,560

Escanaba, Whitefish, Sturgeon and
Minor Adjacent Streams                       39,000        2,190

Manistique River and Minor
Adjacent Streams                             13,000        2,310

Lake Michigan Watershed                   5,521,000       45,500

-------
                             TABLE 10
                     Lake Michigan Watershed
                  Subregions for Economic Analysis
                                                                  Land Area
Subregions                      Counties                          Sq. Miles
 W-2          Florence, Forest, Marinette, Oconto*, Wisconsin       3>993
 W-3          Brown, Langlade, Outagamie, Shawano*, Waupaca,
                Wisconsin                                           3,9^-
 W-4          Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Marquette, Waushara,
                Winnebago, Wisconsin                                2,6l8
 W-5          Milwaukee, Waukesha, Wisconsin                          795
 W-6          Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Washington, Wisconsin             1,169
 W-7          Calumet, Door, Kewaunee, Manitovoc, Wisconsin         1,726
 M-l          Delta, Dickinson, Iron, Menominee, Michigan           k,l66
 M-2          Antrim, Charlevoix, Emmet, Leelanau, Mackinac,
                Schoolcraft, Michigan                               3,91^
 M-3          Grand Traverse, and Kalkaska, Michigan                1,028
 M-4          Benzie, Manistee, Weacford, Michigan                   1,^37
 M-5          Clare, Mescosta, Missaukee, Osceola, ROBcommon,
                Michigan                                            2,802
 M-6          Lake, Mason, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oceana, Michigan      2,962
 M-7          Barry, Kent, Ottawa, Michigan                         1,975
 M-8          Clinton, Eaton, Gratiot, Ingham, Ionia,
                Montcalm, Shlawasse, Michigan                       ^>090
 M-9          Allegan, Calhoun, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Van Buren,
                Michigan                                            3,^17
 M-10         Berrien, Branch, Cass, St. Joseph, Michigan           2,082
 IND-l**      Lake, Porter, Indiana                                   939
 DTD-3        Elkhart, Kosciusko, LaGrange, Noble, St. Joseph,
                Steuben, Indiana                                    2,572
 W-l**        Walworth, Racine, Kenosha, Wisconsin                  1,170
 * Menominee County, formed from parts of Shawano and Oconto Counties,
   is not shown as census data not available.
** Also partially in Illinois River Basin.

-------
                                 TABLE 11




           Population of Subregions of the Lake Michigan Watershed
Sub-
region
W-2
w-3
W-4
W-5
w-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
DJD-1
2KD-3
W-l
1910
Total
(1,000)
71.6
185.0
158.8
470.2
95.8
97.2
91.4
82.0
31.9
58.1
59-5
104.9
227.0
234.5
243.4
125.3
103.0
214.6
120.0
1940
Total
(1,000)
79-3
246.3
180.4
829.6
123.6
115.0
107-8
66.2
28.6
44.3
51.1
152.8
328.6
329.1
364.3
168.5
321.0
314.9
190.6
1950

Total Municipal
(1,000) (1,000)
75-1
272.3
196.3
956.9
137.9
124.3
100.7
67.7
33.2
45.4
56.5
185.0
388.3
392.7
442.1
209.2
408.3
380.2
226.4
30.6
167.0
126.2
856.0
87.3
60.0
62.1
28.2
19.0
26.8
19.4
110.0
272.0
240.6
273.4
113.4
361.9
261.3
153.2
I960
Total
(1,000)
70.7
316.5
220.4
1,194.2 1
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
45-3
60.3
217.8
493-6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573-6
448.6
294.8

Municipal
(1,000)
29.5
213.9
143.7
,139.0
110.8
73.3
62.9
28.0
20.5
28.6
23.3
125.6
357.4
292.0
35 3. ^
135-4
519.1
300.9
196.1
Total   2,774.2   4,042.0   4, 698.5     3,268.8       5,729.2    4,153.4
  Source:  Census of Population, 1910-1960.

-------
                             TABLE 12

     Population  of  Subregions  of the Lake Michigan Watershed
                           19UO-1960
                  191*0
             Population
                  1950
               Population
                             I960
                           Population
Sub-
region
W-2
w-3
W-4
w-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IHD-3
W-l
(1,000)

79-3
246.3
180.4
829.6
123-6
115.0
107.8
66.2
28.6
44.3
51.1
152.8
328.6
329.1
364.3
168.5
321.0
314.9
190.6
% 5-State
Region
• 30
.92
.68
3-12
.46
.43
.40
.25
.11
.17
.19
• 57
1.23
1.24
1.37
.63
1.20
1.18
.72
(1,000)

75-1
272.3
196.3
956.9
137.9
124.3
100.7
67.7
33-2
45.4
56.5
185.0
388.3
392.7
442.1
209.2
408.3
380.2
226.4
% 5 -State
Region
.25
.90
.65
3-15
.45
.41
• 33
.22
.11
.15
.19
.61
1.28
1.29
1.45
.69
1.34
1.25
.74
(1,000)

70.7
316.5
220.4
1,194.2
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
45-3
60.3
217.8
493-6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573.6
448.6
294.8
% 5-State
Region
.20
.87
.61
3-30
.47
• 38
.28
.19
.10
.12
.17
.60
1.36
1.29
1.51
.73
1.58
1.24
.81
Total    4,042.0
15.18
4,698.5
15.45
5,729-2
15.81
Note:  5-State region consists of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,
       and Wisconsin.
Source:  1960 Census of Population.

-------
 Sub-
 region

  W-2

  W-3
  W-4

  W-5
  W-6
  W-T

  M-l
  M-2
  M-3

  M-4

  M-5

  M-6

  M-T
  M-8

  M-9

  M-lO

 IND-1

 IND-3

  W-l


Total
                                  TABLE 13

                   Value Added by Manufacture of Subregions
                       of the Lake Michigan Watershed
                       (in 1957-1959 Constant Dollars)
1947
Value

($1,000)
35,600
173,000
167,000
1,300,000
143,000
102,000
39,700
16,200
7,700
24,1400
7,400
203,000
417,000
309,000
507,000
184,000
641,000
441,000
326,000
Added
% 5 State
Region
.12
.58
.56
4.33
.48
.34
.13
.05
.03
.08
.02
.67
1.39
1.03
1.68
.61
2.56
1.46
1.08
1954
Value

($1,000)
51,400
215,000
218,000
1,630.000
159,000
126,000
49,100
17,600
17,700
34,800
17,700
217,000
617,000
475,000
712,000
285,000
1,070,000
564,000
370,000
Added
% 5 State
Region
• 13
.54
• 55
4.11
.42
• 32
.12
.04
.04
.09
.04
• 54
1.55
1.19
1.79
.72
2.70
1.42
• 93
1958
Value

(1,000)
62,500
278,000
236,000
1,720,000
203,000
133,000
48,300
23,400
14,500
31,300
16,800
229,000
569,000
417,000
760,000
289,000
1,280,000
638,000
405,000
Added
% 5 State
Region
.15
.68
• 58
4.21
.50
.33
.12
.06
.04
.08
.04
.56
1.39
1.02
1.86
.71
3.13
1.56
• 99
5,040,000    17.20
6,850,000    17.24    7,350,000     17.98
  Note:  5 State region consists of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio
           and Wisconsin.
  Source:  Census of Manufactures 1954, 1958.

-------
                               TABLE 14

            Manufacturing Employment of Subregions of the
                 Lake Michigan Watershed, 191*7-1958

Sub-
region
W-2
W-3
w-4
w-5
w-6
w-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IMD-1
IND-3
W-l
1947
*
Total
6,007
25,296
24,236
185,692
21,296
14,094
T,5H
2,492
1,928
5,098
1,61*6 2/
3^,045 2f
61,635
43,094
62,537
28,608
94,167
65,026
42,299
U
5 State
Region
.14
.59
• 56
4.31
.49
• 33
.17
.06
.04
.12
.03
•79
1.43
1.00
1.45
.66
2.20
1.51
•98
1954
%
Total
6,018
26,744
26,054
183,816
21,403
16,975
7,814
2,855
2,510
4,688
2,775
27,596 4/
66,429
45,864
67,281
31,501
101,516
67,345
40,359
11
5 State
Region
•13
.58
.57
4.00
.46
.37
.17
.06
.05
.10
.06
.60
1.44
1.00
1.46
.68
2.21
1.46
.88
1958
%
Total
6,626
29,679
26,578
180,758
22,578
16,340
6,927
2,933
2,189
3,783
2,496
27,564
58,714
39,101
67,125
32,208
98,254
61,503
39,540
y
5 State
Region
.16
.70
.62
4.25
• 53
.38
.16
.07
.05
.09
.06
.65
1.38
.92
1.58
.76
2.31
1.45
•93
Total    727,509     16.87
                                  749,543     16.31       724,896   17.04
I/ Consists of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin*
2/ Excludes Missaukee County, Michigan as data was not available,
   Excludes Lake County, Michigan as data was not available.
   Excludes Newaygo County, Michigan as data was not available.
$
Source:  Census of Manufactures 1954, 1958.

-------
                               TABLE 15

           Value Added by Manufacture and Dollar Volume of
        Wholesale, Retail and Selected Services Trades - 1958
ihregion
W-2
w-3
W-4
W-5
w-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
DID- 3
W-l
Value Added
By Manufactures
($1,000)
62,708
278,120
236,038
1,722,420
203,^73
133,595
48,314
23,440
14,545
31,327
16,770
229,315
569,219
417,215
760,597
289,162
1,281,927
638,801
405,875
Wholesale
Trade
($1,000)
29,340
405,036
141,346
2,500,480
89,160
60,185
74,984
28,030
28,277
23,586
22,477
127,639
793,432
433,167
455,614
177,287
454,754
570,506
161,311
Retail
Trade
($1,000)
67,466
362,820
251,439
1,345,276
161,950
126,709
107,539
77,677
50,856
49,708
6l,427
222,680
558,054
543,026
614,445
290,111
633,236
533,895
322,782
Selected
Services
($1,000)
5,056
33,308
22,150
223,980
14,026
11,343
8,617
12,262
^591
4,072
5,014
17,997
72,470
43,719
62,672
27,821
53,735
59,354
34,294
Source:  1958 Census of Manufactures; 1958 Census of Business
         Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Selected Services.

-------
                                TABLE 16

           Value of Mineral Production and Value of Forest Products
                                  1959
Subregion
                                               i/
Value of Forest Products
Value of Mineral
  Production   2/
    ($1,000)
W-2
w-3
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IND-3
W-l
$ 337,839
643,671
101,289
8,394
1+0,319
164,778
526,^32
208,6^3
56,^36
96,189
287,920
303>053
248,738
551,037
327,100
167,897
17,143
253,949
34,619
$ 379-4
2,324.7
3,610.6
6,071.9
1,482.7
285-7
22,636.6
10,583.5
129-1
12,657.4
6,311.1
3,242.8
5,809.9
5,322.9
8,358.3
1,722.2
373-0
1,873.2
1,924.0
  I/  "On farm" production only.
  2/  Information vas not available for the following counties:  Door,
      Florence, Marinette, Waupaca, Waushara, Wisconsin; Mackinac, Benzie,
      Mason, Gratiot, Michigan; and LaGrange, Indiana.

  Source:  Reprint from 1960 Minerals Yearbook; 1959 Minerals Yearbook;
           1959 Census of Agriculture.

-------
                                TABLE 17-A

    I960 Population Densities of Counties of the Lake Michigan Watershed


                                                            Persons Per
Subregion                     County                        Square Mile

   W-2                        Florence                           7-0
                              Forest                             7«5
                             xf Maxinette                         25-0
                              Oconto                            22.7

   W-3                       • Brown                            238.3
                           \./Langlade                          23-2
                             v Outagami e                        160.6
                              Shawano                           29.2
                              Waupaca                           kj.l

   W-lj.                        Fond du Lac                      103.7
                             , Green Lake                        43.^
                             >/ Marquette                         18.6
                              Waushara                          21.5
                              Winnebago                        2 37•7

   W-5                       -Milwaukee
                              Waukesha

   W-6                       ' Ozaukee                          163.6
                              Sheboygan                        170.9
                              Washington                       107-8

   W-7                       - Calumet                           70.7
                              Door                              te*l
           #, '  '  •           ^-Kewaunee                          55-2
                            x Manitovoc                        127-7
                            ^1
   M-l                       \" Delta                             29-1
                             \, Dickinson                         31-6
                             /Iron                              1^
                              Menominee                         23.9

   M-2                      \'f Antrim                            21.7
                             -Charlevoix                        32.4
                              -Unmet                             3^-5
                              Leelanau                          26.7
                             I'Mackinac                          10.7
                              Schoolcraft                         7-5

-------
                               TABLE 17-B

I960 Population Densities of Counties of the Lake Michigan Watershed (Cont'd)

                         ^                               Persons Per
Subregion                 \   County                     Square Mile

   M-3                      v Grand Traverse                72.2
                             NiKalkaska                       7.8

   M-4                       ' Benzie                        24.8
                              Manistee                      34.1
                              Wexford                       32.8

   M-5                     , , Clare                         20.4
                           VA/ Mecosta                       37.4
                           \ , Mlssaukee                     12.0
                            v/7 Osceola                       23.4
                              Ros common                     13«8

   M-6                      /Lake                           9-3
                         \   -'Mason                         44.5
                          ^ Muskegon                     297.5
                            jNewaygo                       28.2
                          „    Oceana                        30.9
                           \

   M-7                      '  Barry                         57-8
                              Kent                         421.3
                             ' Ottawa                       175.0
                           ,  \
   M-8                    x\  Clinton                       66.5
                           \ \' Eaton                         87.6
                            V'Gratiot                       65.4
                           \-Ingham                       378.0
                           V; Ionia                         75-0
                            •,/•- Mont calm                      50.3
                              Shiawassee                    99.0
   M-9                     %Y ALlegan                       69.6
                            \\lCalhoun                      195-9
                            xv Jackson                      187.2
                            \ Kalamazoo                    299-3
                              Van Buren                     79-7

   M-10                    \' Berrien                      258.4
                            \ Branch                        69.0
                             \ Cass                          75-7
                              St. Joseph                    83.3

-------
                             TABLE 17-C


I960 Population Densities of Counties of the Lake Michigan Watershed (Cont'd)


                                                         Persons Per
Subregion                    County                      Square Mile

  IND-1                      Lake                           998.6
                             Porter                         141.8

  IND-3                      Elkhart.                       228.2
                             Kosciusko                       75.0
                             LaGrange                        1+5.9
                             Noble                           68.7
                             St. Joseph   '                  511.0
                             Steuben                         55.4

  W-l                        Racine                         420.7
                             Kenosha                        386.6
                             Walworth                        93.5
  Source:   1960 Census of Population.

-------
                                 TABLE 18
                Employment in Major Water-Using Industries

                                1940-1960
                                                          I/
Subregion
   W-2
   W-3
   W-4
   W-5
   W-6
   W-T
   M-l
   M-2
   M-3
   M-4
   M-5
   M-6
   M-7
   M-8
   M-9
   M-10
   IND-1
   IND-3
   W-l

   Lake Michigan
   Watershed
   1940
Employment
   2,1*03
  11,61*0
   8,676
  53,969
  10,699
   6,089
   1,358
   1,382
     396
   1,858
     353
   8,563
  16,113
   6,135
  26,788
   9,778
  56,892
  15,187
   8,345
    , 62V
   1950
Employment
  3,379
 17,089
 12,482
 72,375
 13,799
  8,101
  2,452
  1,565
    654
  2,490
  1,020
  9,416
 21,747
  8,861
 35,927
 12,433
 74,586
 20,926
 13,055

332,357
    I960
Employment
   3,240
  20,647
  15,428
  73,685
  15,446
  10,926
   3,390
   2,068
   1,198
   2,109
   2,035
  15,200
  30,031
  13,418
  42,160
  17,227
  87,034
  26,208
  14,325

 395,775
   I/  Water using industries include Food and Kindred Products, Paper
       and Allied Products, Chemical and Allied Products, Primary Metal
       Industries, and Petroleum and Coal Products.
   Source:  Office of Business Economics, U. S. Dept. of Commerce.

-------
Subregion

Wisconsin

 W-l*
 W-2
 W-3
 W-4
 w-5
                             TABLE 19-A

              Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
                    of the Lake Michigan Watershed
         Industry



Food and Kindred Products

Chemicals and Allied Products

Primary Metal Industries

                         Total

Food and Kindred Products

Paper and Allied Products
Percent of Subregion's  Number of
Total Manufacturing     finployees
Employment - 1962          1962
                                       Total
Food and Kindred Products

Paper and Allied Products

Primary Metal Industries

                         Total

Food and Kindred Products

Paper and Allied Products

Primary Metal Industries


                         Total

Food and Kindred Products

Paper and Allied Products

Chemicals and Allied Products

Primary Metal Industries

                         Total
2.8
4.8
9.6
17.2
6.4
33-3
39-7
17-2
35-4
2.1
54.7
10.0
22.9
3.6
36.5
10.8
2.7
1.6
8.8
23-9
1,262
2,200
4,413
7,875
440
2,250
2,690
4,820
9,910
590
15,320
2,950
6,740
1,070
10,760
20,130
5,100
2,900
16,380
44,510

-------
 Subregion
   W-6
   W-7
Michigan
   M-l
   M-2
   M-3
   M-4
                                TABLE 19-B
                Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
                 of the Lake Michigan Watershed - Cont'd
             Industry
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
                                                 Percent of Subregion's Number of
                                                 Total Manufacturing    finployees
Pood and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products

Primary Metal Industries
                                             Total
Food and Kindred Products

Paper and Allied Products

Petroleum and Coal Products

Primary Metal Industries


Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries


Food and Kindred Products


Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Eiployment - 1962
8.9
2.7
2-5
3-1
a 17.2
10.0
1.2
5.2
a 16.4
5.9
16.4
2.5
1.9
a 26.7
4.9
5.3
il 10.2
19.6
a 19.6
6.7
12.1
10.8
16.3
al 45-9
1962
2,160
660
610
750
4,180
1,800
210
940
2,950
410
1,120
180
130
1,840
160
180
340
400
400
280
500
450
670
1,900

-------
                                  TABLE 19-C

                   Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
                    of the Lake Michigan Watershed - Cont'd

                                                 Percent of Subregion's  Number of
                                                 Total Manufacturing     Employees
Subregion                   Industry             Bnployment - 1962         1962

    M-5        Food and Kindred Products                k.O                  130

               Primary Metal Industries                 5.5                  180
                                            Total       9.5                  310

    M-6        Food and Kindred Products                7-2                2,020

               Paper and Allied Products                3-7                1,0^0

               Chemicals and Allied Products            3. 3                  930

               Petroleum and Coal Products               .7                  200

               Primary Metal Industries                iQ.k
                                            Total      33-3                9,330

    M-7        Food and Kindred Products                7-6                k, 780

               Paper and Allied Products                1.6                  980

               Chemicals and Allied Products            1.7                1,090

               Primary Metal Industries                 4-3                2,720
                                            Total      15.2                9,570

    M-8        Food and Kindred Products                k.O                1,833

               Paper and Allied Products                 .2                   80

               Chemicals and Allied Products            1-9                  87^

               Petroleum and Coal Products              l.k                  6kO

               Primary Metal Products                   5.7                2,580
                                            Total      13.2                6,010

    M-9        Food and Kindred Products               14.8               10,230

               Paper and Allied Products               16.5               11,390

               Chemicals and Allied Products            4.8                3,350

               Primary Metal Industries                 5-1                3,580
                                            Total      la. 2               28,550

-------
Subregion
  M-10
Indiana
  IND-1*
  IND-3
                                TABLE 19-D
                 Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
                   of the Lake Michigan Watershed - Cont'd
         Industry
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal Products
Primary Metal Industries

Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
                         Total
Percent of Subr eg ion's
Total Manufacturing
finployment - 1962
U.U
10.0
lk.2
Total 28.6
i 3-0
• 5
LUGtS 2.7
its 8.1
61.9
Total 76.2
i 5-6
i 2.5
lucts . 6
fc.l
Number of
Bnployees
1962
1,560
3,520
fc,990
10,070
3,090
5^0
2,790
8,230
63,100
77,750
3,530
1,570
380
2,580
                                                    12.8
8,060
  * Common to the Illinois River Basin.
  Source:  County Business Patterns, First Quarter 1962.
                                                                  GPO 8O4—880—5

-------
                                  TABLE 20
                    Population Projections for Subregions
                       of the Lake Michigan Watershed
I960
Subregion
W-2
W-3
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IHD-3
w-i
Total
(1.000)
70.7
316.5
220.4
1,194.2
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
45.3
60.3
217.8
^93.6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573-6
448.6
294.8
Municipal
(1,000)
29.6
213-9
143-7
1,139.0
110.8
73-3
63.0
28.0
20.5
28.6
23-3
125-6
357.4
292.0
353-4
135.4
519.1
300.9
196.1
1980
Total
(1.000)
73
425
275
1,696
244
167
92
68
43
47
63
263
649
625
688
345
1,020
628
450
Municipal
(1,000)
31
306
193
1,696
161
100
58
31
25
30
28
162
510
448
469
186
975
462
335
2020
Total
(1.000)
74
807
458
2,990
415
257
97
76
61
50
78
395
1,098
1,231
1,058
566
1,700
1,229
775
Municipal
(1,000)
32
688
353
2,990
326
184
61
38
40
34
45
259
968
1,044
838
370
1,700
1,035
775
Lake Michigan
Watershed       5,729.2
4,153-4    7,900      6,200      13,400    11,800
    Source:  I960 Census of Population; GLIRB Project Projections.

-------
                               TABLE 21

               Projections of Population, Manufacturing
                 Employment and Employment Equivalent
                  Multipliers* 1960 to I960 and 2020
         I960
1980
2020
Mfg.
Popu- Employ-
Sub- lation ment
region (l,000) (l.OOO)
W-2 70.7 6.8
W-3**
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IND-3
W-l
316.5
220.4
1,194.2
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
^5.3
60.3
217.8
493-6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573.6
448.6
294.8
32.4
29.5
190.9
27.1
19.3
8.3
4.1
2.3
4.8
4.6
31-9
67.1
50.1
72.6
39.8
99.4
68.5
49.6
Popu-
lation
(1.000)
73
425
275
1,696
244
167
92
68
43
47
63
263
649
625
688
345
1,020
628
450
Mfg.
Employ-
ment
(l.OOO)
7.3
4.2
33
229
29
20
8.3
4.3
2.5
4.7
5-0
34
80
60
83
45
148
83
63
Employment
Equivalent Popu-
Multipliers lation
x 1960 (1,000)
1.71
1.94
1.80
1.93
1.74
1.67
1.57
1.88
1.75
1.57
1-73
1.73
1.92
1.92
1.83
1.81
2.40
1.91
2.04
74
807
458
2,990
415
257
97
76
61
50
78
395
1,098
1,231
1,058
566
1,700
1,229
775
Mfg. Employment
Employ- Equivalent
ment Multipliers
(1,000) x 1960
7.4
81
46
299
42
26
9-7
7.6
3.3
5.0
7.8
40
110
91
106
57
170
123
78
4.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
5-9
5.1
4.5
7.1
5.4
4.0
6.5
4.8
6.3
7.0
5.6
5.4
6.6
6.9
6.0
 *Productivlty increases from I960 are expected to result in an equivalent or
  effective employment 1.6 times the actual employment by 1980 and 3«8 times
  actual employment by 2020; this equivalent employment is then divided by the
  I960 actual manufacturing employment to obtain the multipliers shown.
**Discussion with industry officials in this subregion concerning future growth
  trends in the area's leading industry, paper making, have led to the use of
  somewhat lower productivity increases than those used in the other subregions
  of the watershed; multipliers of 1.5 times 1960 by 1980 and 2.4 times 1960 by
  2020 were used in this  subregion (e.g., 4.2 X 1.5 * 32.4 = 1.94 in 1980).

-------
                                   SUBREGIONS
W-2. Florence, Forest,  Marinette, and
Qconto Counties. Wisconsin

   This four-county, 3*993 square mile
economic subregion  is the most north-
erly portion of Wisconsin lying in the
Lake  Michigan  Watershed.  Within the
subregion are located the Peshtigo and
Oconto  River  Basins and a portion of
the Menominee River Basin.

   The I960 population of  the  subre-
gion was 70,700.  Dwindling population
in each county  of  the subregion from
19^0  to  I960  resulted  in a   total
decrease of 8,600.  About  kO  percent
of the population was municipal.  This
subregion,  with  only  18 persons per
square  mile,  had  next to the lowest
population density of any subregion in
the Watershed.  Marinette City, with a
I960  population  of  13,300,  is  the
largest incorporated  community in the
subregion.  Both  Marinette County and
Oconto County border on Green Bay.

   Forest products,  although  declin-
ing, still are an  important  part  of
the area  'economy.   Sales  of  crops,
livestock, and livestock products pro-
duced in this subregion  totaled $21.5
million in 1959.  Of this amount live-
stock and livestock products accounted
for $19.6 million and  crops only $1.9
million.

   In 1962, the lumber and  wood prod-
ucts  industry  numbered  83 firms and
employed  more   than  1,800  persons.
Marinette  County  with  two-thirds of
the subregion's $63 million value add-
ed by manufacturing  activity in 1958,
has the greatest  concentration of in-
dustry in  the  subregion.  Paper  and
allied products  comprise  the  single
most important industry  in the subre-
gion with value added by manufacturing
in 1958 totaling $27.2 million in Mar-
inette  County  alone.  The  food  and
kindred products industry is the  only
other  manufacturing  activity  of any
significance  in  the  subregion,  its
1962 employment totaling about 500.

   During the 1950 to I960 period, the
subregion  was  one of two in the Lake
Michigan Watershed  to  suffer employ-
ment losses  in  those industry groups
which   are   considered  major  water
users.

   During I960, there was considerable
shipping from  the Menominee-Marinette
Port and  from  the Oconto Harbor.  In
the Menominee  Harbor district, vessel
traffic totaled 595,000 tons.  A small
amount  of  the mineral, andesite, was
quarried in Marinette.  Sand  and gra-
vel are produced in Oconto, Forest and
Marinette Counties.

   Nicolet National  Forest  comprises
two-thirds  of Forest  County and part
of Florence  County.  The  iron forma-
tion  of  the  Menominee range extends
into Florence County, but no mines are
currently in operation.

   Population  of  this  subregion  is
projected  at  74,000 for 2020, essen-
tially  unchanged  from  the  present.
Manufacturing output is  projected  to
increase fourfold.  Most  of  this  is
expected to result  from  increases in
productivity   during   the   60  year
period.

W-3> Brown, Langlade, Outagamie, Sha-
wano, and Waupaca Counties, Wisconsin

   This  3,944  square  mile  economic
subregion   constitutes  the  northern
two-thirds of the Fox River Subbasin.

   Population of this subregion total-
ed 316,500  in  I960 - an  increase of

-------
1*4,200 since 1950  and  an increase of
70,200 since 191+0.   In 1960, approxi-
mately 66 percent  of  the  population
was municipal.  Brown County, a  Stan-
dard  Metropolitan  Statistical   Area
vith  a  I960 population   of 125,000,
borders  on Green Bay.   The  City  of
Green Bay at  the  mouth  of  the  Fox
River, vith a  population  of   almost
63,000, is the subregion's major city.

   The Port of Green  Bay  engages  in
world trade  through  the St. Lawrence
Seaway, and the Fox River is navigable
by shallower  draft vessels  to   Lake
Winnebago.   Three  major    railroads
service the area.

   The second   largest   incorporated
place of  the  subregion  is  Appleton
City (1*8,000), located almost entirely
in Outagamie County.

   Value added by manufacture  for the
subregion  rose  from  $40 million  in
1939 to $278 million  in  1958.  Sales
of crops totaled $11 million  in 1959,
including  the  sales  of 1.2  million
bushels of corn and 29  thousand bush-
els of wheat.

   Livestock and related  products and
forest products have considerable sig-
nificance in the  subregion.  In 1959,
the sales value of livestock and live-
stock products totaled almost $72 mil-
lion - the largest amount of  any   of
the subregions  in  the  Lake Michigan
Watershed.  In 1958, Brown  County had
16 firms and  Outagamie  County had 18
firms in the paper and allied products
industry  group;  the  value  added by
manufacturing in this industry totaled
$119.1  million  and  employment  more
than 10,000.  The State  of  Wisconsin
has maintained its share  of  the  Na-
tion's output of paper and allied pro-
ducts since 1947 and  in  so doing has
resisted the downward  trend  noted in
most  of  the   Great   Lakes  states.
However, this downward  trend  may  be
temporary;   according   to   "Region,
Resources  and  Economic  Growth" pub-
lished by Resources  for  the  Future,
the Great L&kes and upper New  England
states appear to be in for  a reversal
of trend.  Low current timber cut rel-
ative to realizable growth,  and a new
semiehemical process  that allows  low
grade hard woods  to  be used for pulp
indicate a revival of  forest activity
in these areas.  Another factor point-
ing to  a  continued  growth  of  this
industry in the subregion  is the con-
siderable amount of pulpwood  imported
from  outside  of  the area;  thus the
industry  is  not dependent upon local
timber resources.

   Next in importance was the food and
kindred products industry group  whose
238 firms employed 6,336  persons  and
created value added by  manufacture of
$14.7.14- million in 1958.  Other manufac-
turing  industries included machinery,
except electrical,   and    fabricated
metal products.

   Employment   in  major  water-using
industries  increased  from  17,089 to
20,647 in the 1950 to 1960 decade.

   Irrigation  is  an important factor
to the large  potato  crop of Langlade
County.  This  county  produced almost
one-third of the state's 1959  crop of
13 million bushels.

   Population of the subregion is pro-
jected  to  increase  two  and a  half
times to 807,000 by the year 2020. The
population  classified  as   municipal
will increase from 65 to 85 percent of
the total in the 60 year study period.
Industrial  activity  is projected  to
increase  six  times by 2020 - arising

-------
both  from  large  increases  in  pop-
ulation   and   employment   and  from
productivity increases.

W-lj-, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Marquet-
te,  Waushara  and Winnebago Counties,
Wisconsin

   This five-county economic subregion
has an area of 2,6l8 square miles  and
contains the southern one-third of the
Pox River Subbasin.

   The 1960 population  of this subre-
gion was 220,1*00.   Three of the coun-
ties have had  continuous growth since
19^0 - Fond du Lac,  Green  Lake,  and
Winnebago - the latter leading in both
population  and  growth  rate  in each
decade.  Marquette and Waushara shoved
gradual  declines  during this period.
Sixty-five percent of  the  1960 popu-
lation of the area was municipal.  The
largest cities in the subregion   are:
Oshkosh (1*5,100), Pond du Lac (29,900)
and Neenah  (18,000).   All border  on
Lake Winnebago.  Wisconsin  State Col-
lege is at Oshkosh.

   The Upper Fox River  flows  through
Green Lake and Marquette Counties. The
area provides  considerable attraction
to tourists.

   Winnebago County ranks first in the
Take Michigan Watershed in the produc-
tion of paper  and  allied   products.
Value added by manufacture    in  this
industry totaled $8l million for  Win-
nebago County in 1958.   Approximately
6,300  persons  were  employed  by the
industry.  Within  the subregion, non-
electrical  machinery  is  the  second
most important industry.  In Winnebago
County this industry had a  1958 value
added by manufacturing   of $17•3 mil-
lion.  Other   subregion    industries
include  food  and  kindred  products,
primarily dairy products,  and  trans-
portation equipment.  Employment    in
water-using  industries  increased  by
2,946 in the 1950 to 1960 period.

   The total value of crops, livestock
and  livestock  products  sold in 1958
was  $62  million.   Crops,  including
sales of 2.5 million  bushels of corn,
amounted to $10 million; livestock and
associated  products  totaled $52 mil-
lion.  Dairying is  important  in this
area; much of the  mil.k  is  converted
into cheese, butter and  similar prod-
ucts*  In this subregion, as  in   the
entire State of Wisconsin, cheese fac-
tories are the  most  common  type  of
manufacturing  activity.  Fond du Lac,
with dairy product sales  amounting to
almost  $15  million  in  1959, ranked
first in the  subregion  and  fifth in
the  state.  Waushara  County   ranked
second in the state in  the  number of
acres irrigated with 5,238 in 1959^

   The population of this subregion is
projected to grow from its 1960 figure
of 220,1*00 to ^58,000  in  2020.  Most
of  the  growth  will  occur  in urban
areas and the percent  of  the popula-
tion  classified  as  municipal   will
increase to 77 percent in 2020. A six-
fold increase  in manufacturing output
is likely over the 60 year study peri-
od.  Trends in the paper industry des-
cribed in W-3 apply also to W-k.
W-5, Milwaukee and Waukesha  Counties,
Wisconsin

   This  economic  subregion   has  an
area  of  729 square  miles.   Most of
Milwaukee County and the eastern  por-
tion of Waukesha  County  are  in  the
Milwaukee River Basin.
                                       8

-------
   The I960 population of  this subre-
gion, which consists  of Milwaukee and
Waukesha Counties,  was  approximately
1.2 mm ion.  All of the population of
Milwaukee County  and  65 percent   of
Waukesha County is classified as muni-
cipal.  Table 22 indicates  the recent
trends  in  population  and  how  this
trend  compares with that of  the  Na-
tion.

   As 'indicated in Table 22, the popu-
lation growth of the subregion approx-
imately kept pace  with  the  national
growth from 1940  to  I960.  More than
26 percent of the State of Wisconsin's
population and kO percent of its manu-
facturing employment are  in Milwaukee
County.   Almost  75 percent  of   the
County's population lives  within  the
City of Milwaukee.  Other large incor-
porated  places  in  Milwaukee  County
include West Allls (68,157), Wauwatosa
(56,923) and South Milwaukee (20,307).
Large incorporated places  in Waukesha
County  include  Waukesha (30,004) and
Brookfield City (19,812).

   The subregion's  industrial  activ-
ity,   as measured  by  value added by
manufacture, while  increasing in dol-
lar volume declined  as  a  percent of
the Nation  between  1914-7  and 1962 as
shown in Table 22.

   Of the subregion's $1.7  billion of
value added  by  manufacture  in 1958,
approximately  $1.2  billion  was  ac-
counted for by the City  of  Milwaukee
and $170 million was  accounted for by
the City of West Allis. Leading indus-
tries of the area  include: machinery,
except  electrical; food  and  kindred
products; electrical machinery; fabri-
cated metal  products; primary   metal
industries; transportation  equipment;
and printing and publishing.  Table 23
shows the 19^7-1962 trends  in  water-
using industries.

   Employment in major water-using in-
dustries increased  by  1,310  in  the
1950 to I960 period. This increase was
considerably  below  the 11,205 needed
to maintain  the  subregion's share of
the national  total,  i.e.,   rate  of
growth in the area was not as rapid as
the national rate.

   Within the food  and  kindred prod-
ucts category the larger  sub-categor-
ies   are  beverages (primarily   malt
liquors),  meat  products,  and  dairy
products.

   Milwaukee County is  a major whole-
sale trading center.  In 1963 its dol-
lar volume of wholesale trade  was ap-
proximately $2.8  billion - more  than
50 percent of the State total.

   Milwaukee is a leading  lake  port,
and this  should  contribute  substan-
tially to future growth of the region.
A large part  of port  activities con-
sists of  bringing  in  raw  materials
needed in manufacturing,  and coal for
fuel and power.  A variety of products
enter into  transoceanic  as  well  as
Great Lakes commerce.

   Waukesha County industries  include
machinery, except  electrical; primary
metals; and food and kindred products.

   This subregion's  sales of   crops,
livestock  and  livestock     products
totaled $21 minion in 1959. Livestock
and associated products  accounted for
$14 million of  the total,  and  crops
for $7 million. Much of the crops sold
consisted  of nursery  and  greenhouse
products, flowers, vegetable seeds and
plants,  and  bulbs.   Sales  of these

-------
                              TABLE 22

             Population and Value Added by Manufacture
          Milwaukee Standard Metropolitan Statical Area

Year
191*0
1950
I960
Population
(ooo)
829.6
956.9
1,19*. 3

**
.63
.63
.67
                                   Year
                                              Value Added
($1,000)
19*7
195*
1958
I960
1962
1,013,5*2
1,1*93,953
1,722,520
1,999,818
2,107,388
1.36
1.27
1.22
1.22
1.18
Note:   % N is the percent of the national total population
           or value added by manufacture.

Source: 1960 Census of Population; Census of Manufactures 195*,
          1958; 1962 Annual Survey of Manufactures.

-------
            CO
•p a
CO O
•rl
l/N «
*fl
SCO
£j
*r4 CO

ig
•rl
UN he
IS
ii
ON t— 
-------
products
in 1959-
were   almost   $4  million
   This subregion'e population is pro-
jected to increase to 2,990,000 by the
year 2020.  By that year substantially
all of the population  will be munlci-
pal.  Manufacturing output is project-
ed to increase  sixfold  by  the  year
2020.

W-6y Ozaukce, Sheboygan and Washington
Counties, Wisconsin

   This   three-county   subregion  is
1,169 square miles in area. Washington
and Ozaukee Counties are primarily  in
the Milwaukee  River   Basin  and  the
major portion of Sheboygan  County  is
in the Sheboygan River Basin.

   The 1960 population of  this subre-
gion which is immediately north of the
Milwaukee area,  was 171,000  of which
60 percent was  municipal.  The region
increased  in  population  by   33,000
since 1930.  The largest  city in this
subregion is Sheboygan (1*6,000).

   Value added by  manufacture for the
subregion  in  1958  was $203 million.
The most Important  area  industry, as
measured by value added by manufactur-
ing in 1958, was nonelectrical machin-
ery valued at $46.8 million.     Other
industries and their 1958  value added
by manufacturing amounts are: food and
kindred products $28.6 million, fabri-
cated metal  products  $24.8  million,
and furniture and  fixtures  $9.9 mil-
lion.

   Employment in major water-using in-
dustries  totaled 15,446  in  1960, an
increase of 1,647 over 1950.

   Of the nearly $35 million  sales of
livestock and related products in this
subregion in 1959, the largest segment
was from dairy products  which totaled
$23 million.  The 1959  value of crops
sold was $5.2 million.

   The 1960 mineral  activity,  mainly
in sand, gravel and limestone, totaled
over $1 million.

   This  subregion's  several   public
hunting  and  fishing  grounds,  state
parks  and  forests  are  recreational
advantages.

   Sheboygan, on the western  shore of
Lake Michigan is served by rail, high-
way and water transportation. The Fort
Washington  Harbor  domestic  tonnage,
mostly coal and  petroleum, amounts to
approximately 500,000 tons  per  year.
The Sheboygan Harbor handles a compar-
able traffic volume.

   Total  population  is  projected at
1*15,000 for 2020 and municipal popula-
tion is projected at 326,000  in  that
year.  Value added  by  manufacture is
projected to increase by a  factor  of
six.

W-7. Calumet. Door, Kevaunee, and Man-
itowpc Counties. Wisconsin

   This subregion  extends    eastward
from Lake Winnebago to  the  shore  of
Lake Michigan and northward  along the
Door Peninsula. The subregion includes
the Sheboygan   and   Manitowoc  River
Basins and the Sturgeon Bay Area.
                                 The 1960 population of this  subre-
                              gion was 136,500 of which  54  percent
                              was municipal.  The largest cities are
                              Manitowoc (32,275)  and  Sturgeon  Bay
                              (7,300).
                                       10

-------
   Of the $134 million  in value added
by manufacture in the subregion during
1958>  industry  in  Manitowoc  County
accounted for $94 million.   Food  and
kindred products is the primary indus-
try  in  this  subregion,  with  value
added by manufacture in 1958  of $16.2
million  in  Manitowoc  County  alone.
Other important industries in the sub-
region and their 1958  values added by
manufacture  are:  machinery,   except
electrical $14.8  million;  electrical
machinery $9.3 million; and  transpor-
tation equipment, primarily shipbuild-
ing, $4.8 million.

   Major    water-using     industries
Increased their  employment  to 10,926
in the 1950 to I960 decade.

   Agriculture  is  important  to  the
area.  Crop  sales in 1939 amounted to
$7 million, almost half  of  it   from
sales of fruit and nuts.  Boor County,
located on the peninsula between Green
Bay  and  Lake  Michigan,  produced 97
percent  of the state's  1959   cherry
crop  of  22  million  pounds.  Almost
$44 million resulted from the sale  of
livestock and  livestock  products  in
1959•  Mineral  production,  including
cement,  clays,  limestone,  sand  and
gravel,  is substantial  in  Manitowoc
County.
   There are three harbors in the sub-
region:  Manitowoc,  Sturgeon Bay, and
Kewaunee.   The   Sturgeon    Bay-Lake
Michigan  Canal  through  Door  County
facilitates   ship  movement   between
Green Bay and Lake Michigan.

   Recreational facilities  are  econ-
omically important and there are large
state Investments  in new and expanded
outdoor recreation.
   Population is projected to approxi-
mately  double  in  the  60-year study
period.  The expected total of 257,000
will be 72 percent municipal. Manufac-
turing output is projected to increase
fivefold by 2020.

M-l, Delta. Dickinson, Iron and Menom-
inee Counties« Michigan

   With an area of 4,166 square  miles
this is the largest  of  the 19 desig-
nated subregions in the  Lake Michigan
Watershed.  It extends around and  in-
land from the  northwestern  shore  of
Lake Michigan.

   The 1960 population of  this subre-
gion was  100,100,  a decrease  of 600
from the 1950 total.  The    principal
cities in the area and their 1960 pop-
ulation are:   Escanaba  (15,391)  and
Menominee (11,289).

   Value added by  manufacture  in the
subregion in 1958  totaled $48.3  Bil-
lion.  In 1958, 85 percent of the sub-
region's land area was forest  and the
significant industries of the area all
utilize  wood  products as a raw mate-
rial.  These activities Include:  lum-
ber and wood products; furniture   and
fixtures; and paper  and  allied prod-
ucts.

   Industries  considered  as    major
water users employed 3,390 persons  in
I960.

   Value of mineral production in this
subregion, which totaled over $22 mil-
lion in 1959, was greater than that of
any of the  other  subregions  of  the
Lake Michigan Watershed. In 1959, iron
ore production  was  valued  at  $18.9
million in Iron County.  In 1962,  the
Escanaba harbor facilities handled 5.8
                                       11

-------
million tons of freight, including 5-U
million  tons of iron ore  and concen-
trates .

   The total value of crops, livestock
and livestock  products  sold was $8.7
million in 1959.  Crops  accounted for
$1.8  million of  the  total and live-
stock  and  associated  products  $6.9
million.  Menominee County, the south-
ernmost in the subregion, was  respon-
sible for almost 50  percent  of   the
total  agricultural  output.  Sales of
corn and wheat in  1959  were   negli-
gible.

   No growth in population  is    pro-
jected for this economic subregion.  A
four- to fivefold  increase  in  value
added by manufacture is  seen  by  the
year 2020, arising  from  productivity
Increases.

M-2«   Antrim,  Charlevoix, Banet. Lee-
lanau.   Mackinac,   and   Schoolcraft
Counties, Michigan

   This six-county  subreglon  extends
around the northeastern shore of  Lake
Michigan.

   Its population in 1960 was 68,900 -
only slightly higher than in 19^0  and
substantially less than the 1910 popu-
lation of 82,000.  All of the counties
border on Lake Michigan.  Substantial-
ly a rural subregion,  Petoskey with a
I960 population of 6,100 is  the larg-
est city.  Forty percent  of  the 1960
population of the subregion was  muni-
cipal.

   As in other  subregions  located in
the northern portion of the Watershed,
the most significant factor in    this
subregion's economy is its  large per-
centage of forest land.  The subregion
as a whole has 79 percent of its  land
area in forest;  the  individual coun-
ties range from 58 percent in Leelanau
to about  90  percent  in    Mackinac.
Forest products are important to manu-
facturing in this subregion.  In 1958,
88 of the area's  165    manufacturing
firms used wood as a raw material.

   Employment in major water-using in-
dustries increased by 503  to 2,008 in
the 1950 to I960 period.

   Much of the area's soil  is   sandy
and not conducive to  agriculture pro-
duction.  Sales of  crops,   livestock
and livestock products were $10.0 mil-
lion in 1959.  Crops sold totaled $k.k
million and  livestock  and  livestock
products  amounted  to $5.6   million.
Leelanau County ranked  third  in  the
state in production of  sour cherries,
with a 1959 crop of 23 million pounds.
   The tourist  industry   contributes
substantially to the local economy.

   The population of this subregion is
projected to  remain  approximately at
the present level. Industrial activity
is projected to increase  sevenfold by
the year 2020.

M-3« Grand Traverse and Kalkaska Coun-
ties, Michigan

   This two-county subregion has  one-
half of its area in the Grand Traverse
and Little Traverse Bay areas  and the
other  half  in  the  Manistee   River
Basin.

   The I960 population of  this subre-
gion  was  approximately  38,000 -  an
increase of 10,000 since 19^0.  Almost
33,500 of the total population live in
                                      12

-------
Grand Traverse County.  Traverse  City
had a 1960 population of 18,432.

   Manufacturing   employment  totaled
about 2,200 in 1958, primarily center-
ed in the food  and  kindred  products
and  machinery,   except   electrical,
industry groups.  Value added by manu-
facture totaled $14.5 million in 1958.
Small quantities of petroleum and nat-
ural  gas  are  produced  in  Kalkaska
County.

   Traverse   City   borders  on Grand
Traverse Bay and the  tourist industry
is important to the local economy.  In
1958, 82 percent  of  Kalkaska  County
vas in forest.

   The  subregional  sales  of  crops,
livestock  and  livestock     products
totaled $6.0 million  in  1959-  Sales
of livestock  vere  $2.2 million   and
sales  of  crops  vere  $3.8  million.
Grand Traverse led the  state  in  the
production of sour  cherries  with   a
     crop of 29.3 million pounds.
and Manistee Counties  border  on
western shore of Lake Michigan.
the
   The population of this subregion is
projected to  increase  to  61,000  by
2O20.  All of the growth  vill  be  in
municipal  population.   Manufacturing
output is  projected to  increase   to
more than five times the I960 level by
2020.

M-4,  Benzic,  Manistee  and   Wexford
Counties, Michigan

  This  subregion  contains  parts  of
two river basins, the Betsie  and  the
Manistee.

   Its population of  45,300  in  1960
was essentially the same as  in  1940.
Its two largest cities  are   Cadillac
(10,112) and Manistee (8,32*0.  Benzie
   Bnployment in manufacturing declin-
ed from 5,098 in 1947 to 3,783 in 1958
and employment  in  major  water-using
industries declined by 503 in the 1950
to I960 period.  Value added  by manu-
facture, however, increased  from 1947
to 1954 and  remained  relatively con-
stant from 1954 to 1958.  Major  manu-
facturing activities  included  chemi-
cals and allied  products, transporta-
tion equipment, and paper  and  allied
products,

   Production of minerals in  Manistee
County in a recent  year totaled $12.5
million,  including   salt,  magnesium
compounds,   bromine,   and  sand  and
gravel.

   This subregion had  sales of crops,
livestock  and  livestock     products
totaling $5*7  million  in  1959,  the
former valued  at  $3*7  million,  the
latter at $2.0 million.  Fruit produc-
tion was  substantial  for  these  two
lakeside counties.

   The population of this subregion is
projected to increase to 50,000 by the
year 2020.  Value added by manufacture
is projected to increase fourfold.
M-5,  Clare, Mecosta, Missaukee, Oece-
ola and Roscommon Counties, Michigan

   This 2,802 square mile subregion is
a part of the Muskegon River Basin.

   Its I960 population of 60,300  rep-
resented an increase of 9,200 over the
1940 population, but was only 800 more
than  the  1910  population.  Approxi-
mately 39 percent of the population is
                                       13

-------
municipal.  The  largest  city is  Big
Rapids, population 8,687.

   Only a email amount  of manufactur-
ing activity takes place in  the area,
adding $16.8 million to the 1958 econ-
omy.

   However, employment in  water-using
industries doubled  to  2,035  in  the
1950 to I960 decade.

   Value of crops sold in 1959 totaled
less than  $3 million;  value of live-
stock and  livestock  products    sold
totaled $11.7  million.  Much  of  the
area is cutover timber-land and much of
the soil is sandy loam  of low fertil-
ity.

   Value of mineral production totaled
$6.3 million in 1959- Most of this was
in petroleum and natural gas.  Osceola
County ranked second in  the  state in
the production of natural gas.

   This subregion1s population is pro-
jected to increase to ?8,000 by  2020.
An  approximate  sixfold  increase  in
manufacturing output is  seen  by  the
year 2020.

M-6, Lake, Mason,Muskegon.  Mewaygo.
and Oceana Counties, Michigan

   This  five-county  subregion  had a
I960 population of 217,800.  Three  of
the five counties, Mason,  Oceana  and
Muskegon, border the western  shore of
Lake Michigan.  Muskegon County  popu-
lation   in   I960  was  approximately
150,000.  Paralleling  the    national
growth rate the subregion increased in
population by 65,000 since 191*0. Major
cities of the area  include  Muskegon,
Muskegon Heights, North  Muskegon  and
Ludington.
   Manufacturing  employment  declined
from  approximately  3^,000  to 27,600
between 19^7  and  195k,  but remained
relatively constant between  195^  and
1958.   Those   Industries  considered
major water users, however,  increased
employment by 5,78^ between  1950  and
I960.  Value added by  manufacture de-
clined, as a  percent  of  the  Hation
between 19^7  and 1958.   Major indus-
tries in the area  are  machinery, ex-
cept electrical, and  primary  metals,
the latter  concentrated  in  Muskegon
County.   Other significant industries
are furniture and fixtures,  food  and
kindred  products, and  chemicals  and
allied products.
   Value of crops and  livestock   and
livestock products sold in 1959 total-
ed $23 million, divided  about equally
between the two.  Oceana  County   was
second in the  state  in production of
sour cherries  with a 1959  crop total
of 29.1 million pounds.
   Sand, gravel, salt,  petroleum  and
natural gas  are produced  in the area
but not in large quantities.

   Generally the  area  has  excellent
recreational resources and recreation-
al activities  are  Important  to  the
area economy.

   Muskegon's harbor facilities handl-
ed over  3.5  million  tons  of a wide
range of commodities during 1960.

   The population of this area Is pro-
jected to be 395,000 in the year 2020.
Sixty-six percent of the total popula-
tion will be municipal.  Manufacturing
output is  projected  to Increase to a
level five times that of I960.

-------
M-7. Barry. Kent  and Ottawa Counties.
Michigan

   This economic subregion constitutes
the  western  one-third  of  the Grand
River Subbasin.  The southern  portion
of Ottawa County  is coextensive  with
the Black River  Basin.  Part  of  the
region is located on the western shore
of Lake Michigan.

   This subreglon had  a  1960 popula-
tion of 1*93,600  of  which  72 percent
was municipal.  Kent County (the Grand
Rapids Standard Metropolitan Statisti-
cal Area) had  a  I960  population  of
353,200.  Between 1940 and I960,  this
three-county area increased in popula-
tion by 165,000 and is  growing  at  a
rate exceeding the  national  average.
Major  cities  Include   Grand  Rapids
(173,313),   Wyoming  (45,829),   Bast
Grand Rapids  (10,924),  Grand   Haven
(11,066) and Holland (24,777, of which
22,140 is in Ottawa County).

   Value added  by  manufacture, which
totaled $569 minion in 1958, Increas-
ed as a percent  of  the  Nation  from
.433 in 1939 to .480 in 1954  but  de-
clined to .403 in 1958.  Manufacturing
employment decreased  between 1954 and
1958  from  66,400  to 58,700.  An in-
crease   of  8,284  in  employment  in
industries   considered  to  be  major
water users  took place in the 1950 to
I960  period.  Of the $569 •mica  of
value  added  by  manufacture la 1958,
$410 million was accounted for by Kent
County  and  $138  million  by  Ottawa
County.  Major  Industrial  activities
include fabricated metals (the largest
Industry group),  furniture  and  fix-
tures,  machinery,  except electrical,
electrical  machinery,  and  food  and
kindred products. Other industries are
significant  and the area is consider-
ably diversified.

   During 1959, the value of livestock
and  livestock  products  sold totaled
$25 million  and the  value  of  crops
sold totaled $16 million.  Dairying is
Important in this  subregion  and Kent
County,  which  includes  the    Grand
Rapids milkshed,  had  sales  of dairy
products in 1959 of $4.7 million. Kent
also had a 1959 crop  of  1.6  million
bushels of apples.  Subregion sales of
corn  were  1.6  million bushels   and
wheat sales were 1.6 million bushels.

   Grand Rapids is  also  a  wholesale
supply center for  much  of  the Lower
Peninsula.  In 1963,  wholesale  trade
in the  subregion  totaled  more  than
$1 billion.

   Population  is  projected  to    be
1,098,000 in 2020,  Municipal  popula-
tion is projected to  be   988,000  in
that  year.   Industrial  activity  is
projected to increase sixfold.

M-8,  Clinton, Eaton, Gratlot, Ingham,
Ionia, Montcalm and Shiawasee Counties.
Michigan

   This seven-county  subregion   com-
prises two-thirds  of the  Grand River
Basin.  With an area  of 4,090  square
miles, it is the  second largest econ-
omic subregion In the watershed.

   Its I960 population of 468,300  was
62 percent municipal.  Ingham  County,
the site of the State Capital,  had  a
I960 population  of  211,300.  Popula-
tions of the other five counties range
from 37,000 to  53,000.  The  counties
vary considerably as  to  their extent
of  municipal population, e.g., Ingham
County, 82 percent, and  Clinton Coun-
ty, 30 percent.  Of the  six  counties
                                       15

-------
only Ingham  County  had  cities  over
10,000 namely, Lansing  (lOT,8oo)  and
East Lansing (30,198).  Michigan State
University at East Lansing contributes
substantially to the population total.
Since 19^*0 the  subregion  has   grown
more  rapidly  than  the  Nation as  a
whole,  increasing  by  almost llfO,000
since that year.

   Manufacturing  employment  declined
between 19Vf  and  1958 from 1*3,100 to
39,100.  Employment in water-using in-
dustries increased by  H,557 from 1950
to I960.  Value added by  manufacture,
vhile  increasing  as a percent of the
Ration and in dollar  volume  (current
dollars) from 19^7 to  195^,  declined
slightly in dollar  volume  and  as  a
percent of  the  Nation  from  195k to
1958 when  it  totaled  $1*17  million.
About 62 percent of  the  total indus-
trial activity  is located  in  Ingham
County.  Although  several  industries
are significant in the area, the major
industrial activity involves the cate-
gory transportation equipment, primary
motor vehicles and equipment.  Most of
this activity within the  subregion is
centered in Ingham County.

   In 1958,  wholesale  trade  in  the
subregion totaled $1*33 million,  value
of crops sold totaled $43  million and
value of livestock and livestock prod-
ucts sold, $57 million.

   This  subregion,  like M-5,  is too
far from the Lake to  have   extensive
fruit farming, but is far enough south
to have  a  sufficiently long  growing
season  to permit corn to ripen.  This
subregion had sales  of  corn  of  8.8
million  bushels and sales of wheat of
7.6  million  bushels  in  1959.   The
urban areas which surround this subre-
gion on three  sides  provide a  large
market for dairy products, the  subre-
gion 's sales totaling $28.5 million in
1959.

   The subregion's population is  pro-
jected to increase to 1,231,000 by the
year 2020.  Of  the total, 85  percent
will  be municipal.   Value  added  by
manufacture is projected  to  increase
sevenfold in the 60-year study period.

M-9,  Allegan. Calhoun, Jackson, Kala-
aazoo and Van Buren Counties, Michigan

   This  five-county,  3,^17   square-
mile, subregion coincides approximate-
ly with  the  Kalamazoo  River  Basin.
Jackson  County  is primarily  in  the
Grand River Basin.

   This subregion,  which  has  two of
its counties bordering  on Lake Michi-
gan, had a 1960 population of 5*17,000.
Two standard metropolitan  areas exist
within the  region,  namely  Kalamazoo
and Jackson.   Sixty-five  percent  of
the population   was  municipal with a
higher percentage existing In the more
industrialized counties.  Major cities
Include  Kalamazoo (82,089),   Jackson
(50,720)  and Battle  Creek  (M*,l69)•
Except in  the  1930-19^0  period, the
area has  grown rapidly  and  steadily
since 1910.  Since 19^0 there has been
an increase in population of 182,000.

   Manufacturing  employment  In  this
subregion grew more rapidly than  that
of the Nation between 19^7  and  1958,
but remained  relatively  constant  in
total numbers  between 195!*  and 1958.
Manufacturing  employment   in   major
water-using  Industries  increased  by
6,233 in the 1950 to I960  period to a
total of 17,227.  Major  industries of
the area Include food aad kindred pro-
ducts, primarily cereal preparation in
                                       16

-------
Calhoun County; paper and allied prod-
ucts, primarily Kalamazoo County; fab-
ricated metals; machinery except elec-
trical; transportation  equipment; and
chemical  and  allied  products,   The
subregion is highly diversified indus-
trially.

   Value added  by  manufacture in the
subregion totaled $760 million in 1958
- a larger amount than in 195^ when it
totaled  $651  million,  but  slightly
smaller as a percent  of  the Nation's
total.

   Agriculturally, the subregion ranks
high in the Watershed, with crops  and
livestock  and livestock products val-
ued at $3lf  million  and $38  million,
respectively.  Corn  sales   were  5-1
million bushels and wheat  sales  were
3.1 million in 1959.  Van Buren County
ranks high in the state  in production
of fruit,   especially   apples    and
grapes.

   Population is projected to increase
from its present 5^,700 to  1,058,000
in 2020,  and 79 percent will be muni-
cipal.  Industrial activity  is   pro-
jected to Increase five- to sixfold in
the 60-year study period.
M-10.  Berrien,  Branch. Case, and St.
Joseph Counties. Michigan
   This  subregion  constitutes    the
Michigan  portion  of  the  St. Joseph
River Basin near the southern Michigan
border.

   These four counties had a 1960 pop-
ulation  of  261*,000.  Berrien County,
bordering Lake Michigan, accounted for
150,000 of this total.  The area popu-
lation has  grown  rapidly during  the
past 20 years,  exceeding the national
growth rate.   There are three  cities
of over 10,000 population, all located
in Berrien  County.   They  are Benton
Harbor  (19,136),  Kiles  (l3,8te) and
St. Joseph (11,755).
   Compared  with the national  growth
rate, manufacturing employment of this
subregion has fared well,   increasing
since 19^7 both  as  a percent  of the
Nation  and in  absolute  numbers.  In
1958,  value  added  by    manufacture
totaled $289 million  of which Berrien
County accounted for  $182    million.
Industrial activity  in  the  area  is
considerably diversified, the  leading
industries being primary metals, elec-
trical  machinery,  paper  and  allied
products,  and  transportation  equip-
ment.
   The 1959  total  value  of   crops,
livestock  and  livestock products was
$55  million.  Crops accounted for $33
million of the total and livestock and
their products for $22 million.  Fruit
growing, centered in  Berrien  County,
is the  single most important agricul-
tural  activity  in  the subregion. In
the whole  Watershed,  Berrien   ranks
first  in  the  production  of apples,
peaches,  pears,  grapes, strawberries
and raspberries.  In  1959,  the sales
of these fruits totaled more than  $15
rail]ion.  In addition, Berrien led the
Watershed in the number  of  irrigated
acres with 7,125 in 1959-
   This subregion1s population is pro-
jected to more than double to  566,000
by 2020.  Of  the total, 370,000  will
be municipal.  Manufacturing output is
projected to be more  than  five times
the I960 level.
                                       17
                                                                      GPO 804—880—3

-------
IND-1,   Lake   and  Porter  Counties,
Indiana

   The 1960 population of this  subre-
gion,  which  is  in northwest Indiana
and   contiguous  with  the    Chicago
Standard    Metropolitan   Statistical
Area,  was  573,600.  Of this, 513,300
was in Lake County. The area is highly
urbanized, being  almost  90   percent
municipal in  1960.   Population   has
increased rapidly in recent  decades -
by 87,000 between 19^0 and 1950, or 27
percent, and by  165,000  between 1950
and I960, or 1*0 percent.

   Value added by  manufacture in 1958
totaled  approximately  $1.3  billion.
Almost $800 million,  or about 60 per-
cent of  the  total,  represents value
added by the primary  metal industry -
almost all steel  rolling  and finish-
ing.  The primary  metal  industry  in
this subregion not only  increased  in
absolute amount between 19^7 and 1958,
but also  relatively  with  respect to
the Nation; in 19^7 the area accounted
for 5-7 percent of the Nation's  total
of this  industry  and  in   1958   it
accounted for 6.8 percent.  Other sig-
nificant  industries  in  the area are
petroleum and coal products,  chemical
and allied products, fabricated  metal
products, and food  and kindred  prod-
ucts.  Of  the  $1.3  billion of value
added in 1958 the City of East Chicago
accounted for $550 million,  Gary  for
$450 million and Hammond for $150 mil-
lion.  All three cities  are  in  Lake
County.   Tables  2k  and  25 summarize
population and total  value  added  by
manufacturing  trends  in  the   area.
Agricultural activity is not  economi-
cally  significant  in this highly in-
dustrialized  subregion.  The combined
value  of  crops, livestock  and live-
stock  products  sold in 1959, totaled
$2^.9  million.   The  total  includes
$13.1 million  from  the sale of crops
and $11.9 million from  the   sale  of
livestock and livestock products.
   Population  of  this  subregion  is
projected to be 1.7 million (all muni-
cipal) by the year 2020.  This  growth
rate is  less  than that of 19^0-1960,
but greater than the  likely  national
growth rate.   Also,  it  is  slightly
lower than  local  estimate  extension
for the 1960-1980  period.  Industrial
expansion, especially in  the  primary
metal industries, is  likely  to  con-
tinue at least as  rapidly as  in  the
Nation.  Prom 19^7  to 1958  the  rate
of  growth  exceeded   that  of    the
Nation.
   The  primary  metals  manufacturing
industries, and  especially  the steel
industry of  the  Chicago-Northwestern
Indiana  Standard  Consolidated  Area,
have recently  been  greatly  expanded
and plans for the near future indicate
a continued  significant  expansion of
the industry.   The   Chicago  region,
extending into the four  states   sur-
rounding Chicago,  is  a  deficit area
with regard to steel  production.  The
new facilities will embrace the modern
production techniques.  The  principal
new plants are in Porter County, Indi-
ana.  The machinery and metal products
industries of  this.subregion  may  be
expected to expand further  with   the
increased availability  of  local pro-
ducer markets and of steel  in greater
amount and variety.               *•
   This economic  region  is  partial-
ly in the niinoia River Basin.
                                       18

-------


o
S



evil*
•*.

a
o
"&0
go
o
fl>~>
S
co
CVI
•


o
•I
if\
lf\
CO CVI
• •
VO

§ S,
•t *v
>
    P
o 8

«|

& o
         CO
         u>
          O>
^
T»'
s:
§
m
gj
I
                \r\
                ITi
                    a   s
        5
        UN
                        VO
                    «   S
                        ITv
                            CVJ
a
a







\
H



Wife
>*.
I-


-Os_-
S
-* S
CVI O
* •
H
•H Qj>
vo »n
UN ^
o in
cvi tr\
o
iA
rt\
O^
o
rT
m
^

0
I—
vo
cd"
CVJ
                                      Vi O
              fr

              1
Ki
ts
        ll 3s *
    *i 3^ *s s«
    II 12 rra s3
    $ 13 P
Fabri

-------
                         TABUS 25
        Population and Value Added by Manufacture
               Gary-Haonond-East Chicago
         Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
     Population                                 Value Added
                       y                                        y
Year      (OOP)     j> N                   Year      (OOP)     % H
          321.0     .21*3                  19Vr    597,816     .805

1950      1*08.2     .270                  195^    960,872     .836

I960      573-5     .320                  1958  1,281,927     -906

                                          I960  1,^18,660     .869
I/  Percent of nation1* total population or total ralue added
    by •anufacture.
Source:  U. S. Census of Population I960,
         U. S. Census of Manufactures 195*t, 1958,
         I960 Annual Surrey of Manufactures.

-------
IND-3,  Elkhart, Koseiusko,  LaGrange,
Noble, St.Joseph and Steuben Counties.
Indiana

   The six-county  subreglon  has   an
area  of 2,572  square  miles.  It  is
located  near  the  northern   Indiana
border in the St. Joseph River Basin.

   In I960,  the population  of   this
subregion was 1*48,600.  The  municipal
population was 300,1*00  or 67  percent
of the total. Except for the 1930-19^0
decade, the area has grown rapidly and
steadily since 1910; between 1950  and
I960  the  population  increased    by
68,000.  Major  cities  are South Bend
(132,1*1*5), Mishawaka (33,361). Elkhart
(1*0,274)  and  Goshen (13,718).    The
University of Notre  Dame   enrollment
contributes significantly to the popu-
lation of St. Joseph County.  The  re-
gion grew  more rapidly in  population
than  the  Nation  as a  whole between
1940 and 1950 and  grew  at  the  same
rate as the Nation  between  1950  and
I960.

   As a percent  of  the Nation, manu-
facturing employment  declined    from
19^7 to 1951*  and  again from 1951*  to
1958; value added  by manufacture  de-
clined as a percent of the Nation from
1947 to  1951*  but increased from 195!*
to  1958.  anployment  in major  water
use  industries  totaled  26,208    in
I960.

   St. Joseph  County  accounted   for
more than  half of the value added  by
manufacture in  the subregion in 1958,
ELkhart  County  also has  substantial
manufacturing activity. Major   indus-
tries of the  subregion include rubber
and plastic products, machinery except
electrical, transportation  equipment,
and fabricated  metal products.  Other
significant  industries also  exist in
the area,  including  chemical  plants
in ELkhart County.

   In  1959> the  subregion  accounted
for $23  million in crops sold and $59
million  in  value  of  livestock  and
livestock products sold.  Crops   sold
included 2.8 million bushels of  wheat
and 8.2 million bushels of corn.

   Population is projected  to grow to
1,229,000 by 2020.   Of  the total, 8k
percent is projected to  be municipal.
Industrial activity  is  projected  to
increase almost sevenfold.

W-l,  Walworth,   Racine,  and Kenosha
Counties, Wisconsin

   The I960 population of this  subre-
gion, which is west  and  south of the
Milwaukee Standard  Metropolitan Area,
was 294,600.  About two-thirds of this
population was  municipal.      Racine
County, which is contiguous  with Mil-
waukee County, had the largest popula-
tion  of  this  three-county,    area,
11*2,000 in  1960.  Racine  and Kenosha
Counties are each  classified as Stan-
dard Metropolitan  Statistical  Areas.
The subregion has grown  steadily   in
population since 1910 and rapidly dur-
ing the past  decade,  68,1*00  between
1950 and I960, or 30 percent.

   In 1958, value added by manufacture
totaled  $1*06  million.  The   greater
concentrations of manufacturing  acti-
vity  were in Racine County ($210 mil-
lion)  and  in  Kenosha  County   ($163
million).   Leading  industries     in
Racine County are  machinery    except
electrical, and fabricated metal prod-
ucts.  Other  industries include  pri-
mary metal  industries  and electrical
machinery.
                                       19

-------
   Leading   Industries   in   Kenosha
County include  transportation  equip-
ment, furniture and fixtures, and pri-
mary metal  industries.  Other  indus-
tries include fabricated  metal  prod-
ucts and machinery except electrical.

   Between  19^7 and 1954  this subre-
glon's share  of  the  Nation's  total
value added  by  Manufacture  declined
from .32 to .29 percent.  Between 195^
and 1958  the  subregion grew  at  the
sane rate as the Nation.

   Dairying  is  the  most   important
agricultural activity  in this  subre-
gion.  Sales of milk and cream in 1959
were  $19.9  million.  The    combined
value of crops,  livestock and   live-
stock products  was $42.1  million  in
1959.  Sales   of  vegetables  totaled
almost $1.7 million.

   Population  for  the  year 2020  is
projected at 775,000, and  will be all
•unicipal by  that  date.  The   total
population projection is an  extension
of projections  made  for  constituent
counties to the year 2000 by  the Wis-
consin Department of Resource Develop-
ment. This rate of growth approximates
the 191*0-1960 growth rate  to 1980 but
tapers off from 1980 to 2020.  An  in-
dustry expansion factor of six     for
2010 is projected.  This economic sub-
region is partially  in   the Illinois
River Basin.
                                      20

-------
                                SUMMARY OF PROJECTIONS
   Tables 20 and 21 summarize  projec-
tion of  population and projections of
economic activity  represented  by em-
ployment equivalents (employment  mul-
tiplied by a general productivity fac-
tor).  These two tables are   utilized
in projecting municipal and industrial
water use.

   Although some of the tables in this
report, as well as some of the textual
pages, were not used directly in form-
ulating projections of  municipal  and
industrial water use they were of val-
ue  in  making  judgments   concerning
growth of subregions and subbastas and
in describing specific  subbasin prob-
lems and required programs.
                 Environmental Protection
                 Library, T^icn V_
                    or
                  Chicago, i-^i-^--^
                                       21           GPO 804-880-2

-------