WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATIONS
LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN
POPULATION AND ECONOMY
A technical report containing background data
tor a water pollution control program.
August 1967
UJI1TKD STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
Great Lakes Region Chicago, Illinois
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CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE HUMBER
INTRODUCTION 1
Basic Concepts 1
REGIONAL AND STATE TRENDS 2
LAKE MlCHIGAJf WATERSHED If.
SUBREGIONS 6
W-2, Florence, Forest, Marinette, and
Oconto Counties, Wisconsin 6
W-3, Brown, Langlade, Outagamic, Shavano,
and Waupaca Counties, Wisconsin 6
W-4, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Marquette,
Waushara and Winnebago Counties, Wisconsin 8
W-5, Milwaukee and Waukesha Counties,
Wisconsin 8
W-6, Ozaukee, Sheboygan and Washington
Counties, Wisconsin 10
W-7, Calumet, Door, Kevaunee and Manitowoc
Counties, Wisconsin 10
M-l, Delta, Dickinson, Iron and
Menominee, Michigan 11
M-2, Antrim, Charlevoix, Emmet, Leelanau,
Mackinac, and Schoolcraft Counties, Michigan 12
M-3, Grand Traverse and Kalkaska
Counties, Michigan 12
M-4, Benzie, Manistee and Wexford
Counties, Michigan 13
M-5, Clare, Mecosta, Missaukee, Osceola
and Roscoomon Counties, Michigan 13
M-6, Lake, Mason, Muskegon, Nevaygo and
Oceana Counties, Michigan Ik
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COHTEHTS - Continued
PAGE
TITLE FJMBER
M-7, Barry, Kent and Ottawa Counties,
Michigan 15
M-8, Clinton, Eaton, Gratiot, Ingham,
Ionia, Montcala and Shiawasee Counties,
Michigan 15
M-9, Allegan, Calhoun, Jackson, Kalanazoo
and Van Buren Counties, Michigan 16
M-10, Berriea, Branch, Caas, and St. Joseph
Counties, Michigan 17
HD-1, Lake and Porter Counties, Indiana 18
IHD-3, nkfaart, Kosciusko, LaGrange, Hoble,
St. Joseph and Steuben Counties, Indiana 19
W-l, Wfclworth, Eacine and Kenosha
Counties, Wisconsin 19
SUM4ARY CF PROJECTION 21
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TABLES
FOLLOWOiG
TITLE PAGE MUMBER
Value Added by Manufacture of Ullnois, 2
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin
1939, 19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962
2 Total Manufacturing finployaent of Illinois, 2
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin
1939, 19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962
3 Population of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan 3
Ohio, and Wisconsin - 191*0-1960
V Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois, 3
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin and
Milwaukee — 1939, 19Vf, 195^, 1958,
and 1962
5 Paper and Allied Products 3
Value added for Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Ohio, Wisconsin, and Milwaukee SMSA
1939, 19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962
6 Chemicals and Allied Products 3
Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, and
Milwaukee SMSA « 1939, 19^7, 195^,
1958, and 1962
7 Petroleum and Coal Products 3
Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin
1939, 19V7, 195**, 1958, and 1962
8 Primary Metal Industries 3
Value Added by Manufacture for Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin,
and Milwaukee SMSA — 1939, 19^7,
195*, 1958, and 1962
9 Population and Area of the Lake Michigan 5
Watershed by Subbasin
10 Lake Michigan Watershed Subreglona for 5
Economic Analysis
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TABLES - Continued
FOLLOWING
TITLE PAGE NUMBER
Population of Subregions of the 5
Lake Michigan Watershed
12 Population of Subregions of the Lake 5
Michigan Watershed — 19^40-1960
13 Value Added by Manufacture of Subregions 5
of the Lake Michigan Watershed (in 1957-
1959 Constant Dollars)
14 Manufacturing Eatploynent of Subregions 5
of the Lake Michigan Watershed, 19^7-
1958
15 Value Added by Manufacture and Dollar 5
Volume of Wholesale, Retail and Selected
Services Trades - 1958
16 Value of Mineral Production and Value of 5
Forest Products - 1959
17-A, 1960 Population Densities of Counties of 5
B & C the Lake Michigan Watershed
Id Employment in Major Water-Using Industries 5
19-A, B, Major Water-Using Industries in Subregions
C & D of the Lake Michigan Watershed
20 Population Projections for Subregions of
the Lake Michigan Watershed
21 Projections of Population, Manufacturing
Employment and Employment Equivalent
Multipliers — I960 to I960 and 2020
22 Population and Value Added by Manufacture
Milwaukee Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area
23 Value Added by Manufacture in Selected Major
Water-Using Industries of the Milwaukee
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
19VT, 195^, 1958, and 1962
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TABLES . Continued
FOLLOWING
TITLE PAGE NUMBER
Subregion IND-1 — Dollar Value Added 18
by Manufacture
25 Population and Value Added by Manufacture 18
Gary-Hanmond-Eaat Chicago — Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area
FIGURES
FOLLOWING
HUMBER TITLE PAGE NUMBER
1 Subregions — Lake Michigan Watershed 1
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INTRODUCTION
This is one in a series of reports
documenting background information for
the development of a water quality
control program for Lake Michigan and
its drainage basin. For planning pur-
poses the Lake Michigan Watershed has
been subdivided into appropriate trib-
utary drainage basins. For the purpose
of projecting water uses and water-
borne waste loads for these subbasins
and in order to develop relationships
among water uses, waste loads, popula-
tion and economic development, infor-
mation is needed on present conditions
and past trends concerning population
and economy.
For the economic analysis, the Lake
Michigan Watershed was divided into 19
subregions of from 2 to 7 counties
each and ranging in size from 795 to
4,l66 square miles (Figure l). Data
from these subregions were used in
making the aforementioned projections.
Basic Concepts
Two concepts used throughout this
report need some definition or clari-
fication — "municipal" population and
"value added by manufacture." To
obtain a suitable measure of popula-
tion growth from the standpoint of
controlling and preventing water pol-
lution, "municipal" population is con-
sidered as that population presently
or likely to be served by municipal
water supply and sewerage systems. To
arrive at such an estimate, both the
"urban" population of counties and the
population of incorporated areas with-
in counties were considered. Where a
difference existed, the higher of the
two figures was utilized and consider-
ed as municipal.
"Value added by manufacture" is
considered by the Bureau of the Census
as "the best value measure available
for comparing the relative economic
importance of manufacturing among in-
dustries and geographic areas." For
195^ and earlier years, the meas-
ure was obtained by subtracting the
cost of materials, supplies and con-
tainers, fuel, purchased electric
energy, and contract work from the
value of shipments for products manu-
factured plus receipts for services
rendered. For 1958 an "adjusted value
added" was obtained by taking into
account the following items: a) value
added by merchandising operations
(that is, the difference between the
sales value and cost of merchandise
sold without further manufacture,
processing, or assembly) plus b) the
net change in finished goods and work-
in-process inventories between the be-
ginning and end of the year.
Historical employment data for 32
industry sectors for each county in
the Watershed were prepared by the
Office of Business Economics of the
Department of Commerce. From the 32,
industry sectors 5, 10, and Ik were
selected as best approximating the
major water-using industries -- sec-
tors 5 and 10 are food and kindred
products and chemicals and allied pro-
ducts, respectively. Sector Ik in-
cludes pulp and paper, primary metals,
and petroleum and coal products. The
net change in employment in these
industries was computed for each econ-
omic subregion in the watershed for
the I9kO to I960 period. Information
received at a later date enabled
"breaking out" paper and allied prod-
ucts, petroleum and coal products and
primary metals manufacturing, thus
listing 35 rather than 32 industry
sectors.
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ANBURENIKALAMAZOO CALHOUH
M-6
L EGEND
Lake Michigan Watershed Boundary
Subregion Boundary
County Lines
Also In Illinois River Basin
Subregion Numbers
o zs
50
SCALE IN MILES
GREAT LAKES — ILLINOIS
RIVER BASINS PROJECT
SUBREGIONS
LAKE MICHIGAN WATERSHED
U 3 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTFRlOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION COWTROC ADMIN
Rtgion Chicoij
FIGURE"
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REGIONAL AND STATE TRENDS
To provide a background against
which manufacturing trends as a whole
in the Lake Michigan Watershed can "be
seen more clearly, data for selected
States have been prepared. Table 1
indicates the trends in value added by
manufacture in the five-state region
comprised of Illinois, Indiana, Michi-
gan, Ohio and Wisconsin. As the dol-
lar values shown are not in constant
dollars, they are expressed as a per-
cent of the nation's total value added
by manufacture during the years 1939>
1947, 1954, 1958, and 1962. This ratio
analysis tends to eliminate the effect
of changes in dollar values when com-
paring regional, state or other sub-
regional trends.
As compared with national percent-
ages, the five-state region declined
slightly but steadily from 1939 "to
1958. The trend for the State of
Michigan was not consistent with the
national trends - showing an increase
from 19^7 to 195!*. and a substantial
decline from 1954 to 1958. From 19^7
to 1958, however, the trend in both
the five-state region and in the State
of Michigan was one of decline with
the Michigan decline being more severe.
Ohio showed a somewhat similar trend.
Generally, however, the trend in all
states from 19^7 to 1958 (omitting
195^) was slightly downward, with
minor declines in Indiana and Wiscon-
sin and a sharp decline in Illinois.
The trends in total manufacturing
employment (as a percent of the Na-
tion) in the five-state area show
great similarity to the trends in
value added by manufacturing. Table 2
indicates that total manufacturing
employment for the five-state region,
after a slight increase from 19kj to
, declined sharply from 195^ to
1958. Prom 19U7 to 1958 (omitting
195*0, Michigan showed the largest
decline, Illinois and Ohio showed sub-
stantial decline, the Indiana ratio
was rather stable, and Wisconsin
showed an increase.
The 1962 Annual Survey of Manufac-
tures, which is based upon a repre-
sentative sample of about 60,000 manu-
facturing establishments throughout
the United States, provides informa-
tion which should be considered in any
appraisal of trends of manufacturing
activity. Although the estimates ob-
tained from this sample vary from
totals that would be obtained from a
canvass of all manufacturing estab-
lishments, they are sufficiently accu-
rate for the formulation of judgments
concerning trends in major regions or
industry groups.
The 1962 five-state total of value
added by manufacture as a percent of
the Nation was about 29-2 percent as
compared with about 29-0 percent in
1958, about 31.0 percent in 195^ and
31.5 percent in 19^7. Generally, the
trend from 1958 to 1962 was to reverse
the slightly downward trend from 19^7
to 1958. In summary, the five-state
region tended basically to increase
its industrial activity at about the
national rate.
The five-state trend as shown in
the 1962 figures was approximated by
the Wisconsin, Indiana, and Michigan
trends, with Michigan and Indiana
showing the strongest tendencies to
revert to earlier national propor-
tions. Illinois continued to decline
significantly and Ohio showed a minor
gain. Generally, the same trends held
in manufacturing employment.
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Regional and state population
trends from 19^0 to 1960 are shown in
Table 3. The total five-state popula-
tion trend from 19^0 to I960 showed
little change as a percent of the
Nation, remaining at about 20 percent.
The State of Michigan trend, however,
has been to increase as a percent of
the Nation even during the 1950 to
I960 decade. In contrast, Illinois
declined as a percent of the Nation.
Trends in specific major water
using industries are indicated in
Tables k to 8.
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TABLE 3
Population of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin
191*0-1960
State
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
1940
Population
(1,000)
7,897-2
3,427.8
5,256.1
6,907.6
3,137.6
i/
6.0
2.6
4.0
5.2
2.4
1950
Population
(1,000)
8,712.2
3,934.2
6,371.8
7,946.6
3,434.6
i/
5.7
2.6
4.2
5.2
2.3
1960
Population
(1,000)
10,081.2
4,662.5
7,823.2
9,706.4
3,951.8
£N:
5.6
2.6
4.4
5.4
2.2
5 State Total 26,626.3 20.2
30,399.^ 20.0
I/
36,225.1 20.2
I/ % N is the percent of the Nation's total population.
Source: 1960 Census of Population.
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LAKE MICHIGAN WATERSHED
In I960 approximately 5-7 million
people lived in those counties of
Michigan, Wisconsin, and Indiana which
lie wholly or largely in the Lake
Michigan Watershed - about twice the
1910 population. Over the next 60
years the number will likely more than
double again to total approximately 13
million. The latter doubling from 5-7
million to 13 million, however, is
numerically twice that of the 1910 to
I960 period. Although the past, and
likely the future, rates of growth
generally parallel the national rate,
great differences exist within the
Watershed. Some subregions, or county
groupings have actually declined in
population, e.g., parts of Upper
Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. Others
have experienced unusually rapid
growth or large increases in total
numbers. Some have experienced both;
e.g., the Milwaukee area in Wisconsin
increased from ^70,000 in 1910 to
1,200,000 in I960; the Michigan subre-
gion which includes Kalamazoo, Battle
Creek and Jackson increased from
approximately 2^0,000 in 1910 to
almost 550,000 in 1960. Some have
shown even more rapid rates of
increase. Present signs indicate that
the metropolitan areas will continue
to demonstrate these large increases
in population. Problems of water sup-
ply and pollution control will also
arise in smaller subregions which have
had and are likely to continue to
experience rapid growth rates.
It is also important to consider
what is and will likely continue hap-
pening with respect to industry. Most
projections for the United States as a
whole indicate at least a sixfold
increase in industrial activity during
the next 60 years. For the most part,
the Lake Michigan Watershed will share
in this growth, although, as in popu-
lation, different subregions and
industries will have varying growth
both in rate and total volume. In 1958
value added by manufacture totaled
$5-6 billion in the Watershed - and
this does not include that portion of
the northwestern Indiana industrial
complex which is partly within the
area. In 1958, value added by manu-
facture in this Indiana area totaled
$1.3 billion. Large industrial subre-
gions exist in both the Wisconsin and
Michigan portions of the Watershed.
Each State contributes about $2.5 bil-
lion, with the Indiana subregion which
contains South Bend accounting for the
rest. The industry distribution pat-
tern differs, however, with Wisconsin
having its largest concentration of
$1.6 billion in the Milwaukee subre-
gion and Michigan having four concen-
trations ranging from $289 million to
$760 million. Although historical data
for manufacturing activity is not as
readily available as population data
for counties and subregions, informa-
tion for total manufacturing activity
since 19^7 is sufficient to point the
way to likely future growth. Between
19^7 and 1962 the dollar volume of
value added by manufacture in
Milwaukee County, expressed in 1957-
1959 constant dollars, increased
almost 60 percent. Several industrial
concentrations in Michigan — notably
Muskegon, Kent, Ingham and several
other counties — also had both large
volume and rapid growth rates between
1957 and 1962.
The industrial mix also differs
considerably from state to state and
subregion to subregion. Some of these
industries are those which are usual-
ly labeled large water users, such as
food and beverages, chemicals, paper
-------
products and primary metals. Growth
in these water using industries in the
Watershed is expected to approximate
national growth rates, but with some
subregions growing at a faster or
slower rate, depending upon such fac-
tors as resource availabilities, prox-
imity to markets and other natural
advantages or disadvantages. The
availability of water in adequate
quantity and quality is one of the
major factors influencing growth.
Tables 9 through 21 show additional
population and economic factors which
are considered in the narrative state-
ments that follow concerning specific
economic subregions. The rather rapid
growth for small areas does not neces-
sarily imply corresponding increases
in water use. Water reuse and related
factors are developed in later chap-
ters.
Tables 20 and 21 summarize the pro-
jected population and economic growth
by subregions.
-------
TABLE 9
Population and Area of the Lake Michigan Watershed
by Subbasin
I960 Area in
Subbasin Population Square Miles
Boardman River and Traverse Bay
Area 82,000 2,300
Betsie, Manistee, Pere Marquette,
White and Minor Adjacent Streams 105,000 4,440
Muskegon River 192,000 3,250
Grand River 949,000 5,720
Kalamazoo River and Minor Adjacent
Streams 446,000 2,490
St. Joseph River and Minor Adjacent
Streams 766,000 5,260
Calumet Area 535,000 440
Milwaukee River and Minor Adjacent
Streams 1,493,000 1,470
Sheboygan, Manitovoc and Sturgeon
Bay Area 230,000 2,700
Fox River 509,000 6,370
Oconto, Peshtigo, Men oral nee and
Minor Adjacent Streams 162,000 6,560
Escanaba, Whitefish, Sturgeon and
Minor Adjacent Streams 39,000 2,190
Manistique River and Minor
Adjacent Streams 13,000 2,310
Lake Michigan Watershed 5,521,000 45,500
-------
TABLE 10
Lake Michigan Watershed
Subregions for Economic Analysis
Land Area
Subregions Counties Sq. Miles
W-2 Florence, Forest, Marinette, Oconto*, Wisconsin 3>993
W-3 Brown, Langlade, Outagamie, Shawano*, Waupaca,
Wisconsin 3,9^-
W-4 Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Marquette, Waushara,
Winnebago, Wisconsin 2,6l8
W-5 Milwaukee, Waukesha, Wisconsin 795
W-6 Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Washington, Wisconsin 1,169
W-7 Calumet, Door, Kewaunee, Manitovoc, Wisconsin 1,726
M-l Delta, Dickinson, Iron, Menominee, Michigan k,l66
M-2 Antrim, Charlevoix, Emmet, Leelanau, Mackinac,
Schoolcraft, Michigan 3,91^
M-3 Grand Traverse, and Kalkaska, Michigan 1,028
M-4 Benzie, Manistee, Weacford, Michigan 1,^37
M-5 Clare, Mescosta, Missaukee, Osceola, ROBcommon,
Michigan 2,802
M-6 Lake, Mason, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oceana, Michigan 2,962
M-7 Barry, Kent, Ottawa, Michigan 1,975
M-8 Clinton, Eaton, Gratiot, Ingham, Ionia,
Montcalm, Shlawasse, Michigan ^>090
M-9 Allegan, Calhoun, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Van Buren,
Michigan 3,^17
M-10 Berrien, Branch, Cass, St. Joseph, Michigan 2,082
IND-l** Lake, Porter, Indiana 939
DTD-3 Elkhart, Kosciusko, LaGrange, Noble, St. Joseph,
Steuben, Indiana 2,572
W-l** Walworth, Racine, Kenosha, Wisconsin 1,170
* Menominee County, formed from parts of Shawano and Oconto Counties,
is not shown as census data not available.
** Also partially in Illinois River Basin.
-------
TABLE 11
Population of Subregions of the Lake Michigan Watershed
Sub-
region
W-2
w-3
W-4
W-5
w-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
DJD-1
2KD-3
W-l
1910
Total
(1,000)
71.6
185.0
158.8
470.2
95.8
97.2
91.4
82.0
31.9
58.1
59-5
104.9
227.0
234.5
243.4
125.3
103.0
214.6
120.0
1940
Total
(1,000)
79-3
246.3
180.4
829.6
123.6
115.0
107-8
66.2
28.6
44.3
51.1
152.8
328.6
329.1
364.3
168.5
321.0
314.9
190.6
1950
Total Municipal
(1,000) (1,000)
75-1
272.3
196.3
956.9
137.9
124.3
100.7
67.7
33.2
45.4
56.5
185.0
388.3
392.7
442.1
209.2
408.3
380.2
226.4
30.6
167.0
126.2
856.0
87.3
60.0
62.1
28.2
19.0
26.8
19.4
110.0
272.0
240.6
273.4
113.4
361.9
261.3
153.2
I960
Total
(1,000)
70.7
316.5
220.4
1,194.2 1
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
45-3
60.3
217.8
493-6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573-6
448.6
294.8
Municipal
(1,000)
29.5
213.9
143.7
,139.0
110.8
73.3
62.9
28.0
20.5
28.6
23.3
125.6
357.4
292.0
35 3. ^
135-4
519.1
300.9
196.1
Total 2,774.2 4,042.0 4, 698.5 3,268.8 5,729.2 4,153.4
Source: Census of Population, 1910-1960.
-------
TABLE 12
Population of Subregions of the Lake Michigan Watershed
19UO-1960
191*0
Population
1950
Population
I960
Population
Sub-
region
W-2
w-3
W-4
w-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IHD-3
W-l
(1,000)
79-3
246.3
180.4
829.6
123-6
115.0
107.8
66.2
28.6
44.3
51.1
152.8
328.6
329.1
364.3
168.5
321.0
314.9
190.6
% 5-State
Region
• 30
.92
.68
3-12
.46
.43
.40
.25
.11
.17
.19
• 57
1.23
1.24
1.37
.63
1.20
1.18
.72
(1,000)
75-1
272.3
196.3
956.9
137.9
124.3
100.7
67.7
33-2
45.4
56.5
185.0
388.3
392.7
442.1
209.2
408.3
380.2
226.4
% 5 -State
Region
.25
.90
.65
3-15
.45
.41
• 33
.22
.11
.15
.19
.61
1.28
1.29
1.45
.69
1.34
1.25
.74
(1,000)
70.7
316.5
220.4
1,194.2
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
45-3
60.3
217.8
493-6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573.6
448.6
294.8
% 5-State
Region
.20
.87
.61
3-30
.47
• 38
.28
.19
.10
.12
.17
.60
1.36
1.29
1.51
.73
1.58
1.24
.81
Total 4,042.0
15.18
4,698.5
15.45
5,729-2
15.81
Note: 5-State region consists of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,
and Wisconsin.
Source: 1960 Census of Population.
-------
Sub-
region
W-2
W-3
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-T
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-T
M-8
M-9
M-lO
IND-1
IND-3
W-l
Total
TABLE 13
Value Added by Manufacture of Subregions
of the Lake Michigan Watershed
(in 1957-1959 Constant Dollars)
1947
Value
($1,000)
35,600
173,000
167,000
1,300,000
143,000
102,000
39,700
16,200
7,700
24,1400
7,400
203,000
417,000
309,000
507,000
184,000
641,000
441,000
326,000
Added
% 5 State
Region
.12
.58
.56
4.33
.48
.34
.13
.05
.03
.08
.02
.67
1.39
1.03
1.68
.61
2.56
1.46
1.08
1954
Value
($1,000)
51,400
215,000
218,000
1,630.000
159,000
126,000
49,100
17,600
17,700
34,800
17,700
217,000
617,000
475,000
712,000
285,000
1,070,000
564,000
370,000
Added
% 5 State
Region
• 13
.54
• 55
4.11
.42
• 32
.12
.04
.04
.09
.04
• 54
1.55
1.19
1.79
.72
2.70
1.42
• 93
1958
Value
(1,000)
62,500
278,000
236,000
1,720,000
203,000
133,000
48,300
23,400
14,500
31,300
16,800
229,000
569,000
417,000
760,000
289,000
1,280,000
638,000
405,000
Added
% 5 State
Region
.15
.68
• 58
4.21
.50
.33
.12
.06
.04
.08
.04
.56
1.39
1.02
1.86
.71
3.13
1.56
• 99
5,040,000 17.20
6,850,000 17.24 7,350,000 17.98
Note: 5 State region consists of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio
and Wisconsin.
Source: Census of Manufactures 1954, 1958.
-------
TABLE 14
Manufacturing Employment of Subregions of the
Lake Michigan Watershed, 191*7-1958
Sub-
region
W-2
W-3
w-4
w-5
w-6
w-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IMD-1
IND-3
W-l
1947
*
Total
6,007
25,296
24,236
185,692
21,296
14,094
T,5H
2,492
1,928
5,098
1,61*6 2/
3^,045 2f
61,635
43,094
62,537
28,608
94,167
65,026
42,299
U
5 State
Region
.14
.59
• 56
4.31
.49
• 33
.17
.06
.04
.12
.03
•79
1.43
1.00
1.45
.66
2.20
1.51
•98
1954
%
Total
6,018
26,744
26,054
183,816
21,403
16,975
7,814
2,855
2,510
4,688
2,775
27,596 4/
66,429
45,864
67,281
31,501
101,516
67,345
40,359
11
5 State
Region
•13
.58
.57
4.00
.46
.37
.17
.06
.05
.10
.06
.60
1.44
1.00
1.46
.68
2.21
1.46
.88
1958
%
Total
6,626
29,679
26,578
180,758
22,578
16,340
6,927
2,933
2,189
3,783
2,496
27,564
58,714
39,101
67,125
32,208
98,254
61,503
39,540
y
5 State
Region
.16
.70
.62
4.25
• 53
.38
.16
.07
.05
.09
.06
.65
1.38
.92
1.58
.76
2.31
1.45
•93
Total 727,509 16.87
749,543 16.31 724,896 17.04
I/ Consists of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin*
2/ Excludes Missaukee County, Michigan as data was not available,
Excludes Lake County, Michigan as data was not available.
Excludes Newaygo County, Michigan as data was not available.
$
Source: Census of Manufactures 1954, 1958.
-------
TABLE 15
Value Added by Manufacture and Dollar Volume of
Wholesale, Retail and Selected Services Trades - 1958
ihregion
W-2
w-3
W-4
W-5
w-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
DID- 3
W-l
Value Added
By Manufactures
($1,000)
62,708
278,120
236,038
1,722,420
203,^73
133,595
48,314
23,440
14,545
31,327
16,770
229,315
569,219
417,215
760,597
289,162
1,281,927
638,801
405,875
Wholesale
Trade
($1,000)
29,340
405,036
141,346
2,500,480
89,160
60,185
74,984
28,030
28,277
23,586
22,477
127,639
793,432
433,167
455,614
177,287
454,754
570,506
161,311
Retail
Trade
($1,000)
67,466
362,820
251,439
1,345,276
161,950
126,709
107,539
77,677
50,856
49,708
6l,427
222,680
558,054
543,026
614,445
290,111
633,236
533,895
322,782
Selected
Services
($1,000)
5,056
33,308
22,150
223,980
14,026
11,343
8,617
12,262
^591
4,072
5,014
17,997
72,470
43,719
62,672
27,821
53,735
59,354
34,294
Source: 1958 Census of Manufactures; 1958 Census of Business
Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Selected Services.
-------
TABLE 16
Value of Mineral Production and Value of Forest Products
1959
Subregion
i/
Value of Forest Products
Value of Mineral
Production 2/
($1,000)
W-2
w-3
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IND-3
W-l
$ 337,839
643,671
101,289
8,394
1+0,319
164,778
526,^32
208,6^3
56,^36
96,189
287,920
303>053
248,738
551,037
327,100
167,897
17,143
253,949
34,619
$ 379-4
2,324.7
3,610.6
6,071.9
1,482.7
285-7
22,636.6
10,583.5
129-1
12,657.4
6,311.1
3,242.8
5,809.9
5,322.9
8,358.3
1,722.2
373-0
1,873.2
1,924.0
I/ "On farm" production only.
2/ Information vas not available for the following counties: Door,
Florence, Marinette, Waupaca, Waushara, Wisconsin; Mackinac, Benzie,
Mason, Gratiot, Michigan; and LaGrange, Indiana.
Source: Reprint from 1960 Minerals Yearbook; 1959 Minerals Yearbook;
1959 Census of Agriculture.
-------
TABLE 17-A
I960 Population Densities of Counties of the Lake Michigan Watershed
Persons Per
Subregion County Square Mile
W-2 Florence 7-0
Forest 7«5
xf Maxinette 25-0
Oconto 22.7
W-3 • Brown 238.3
\./Langlade 23-2
v Outagami e 160.6
Shawano 29.2
Waupaca kj.l
W-lj. Fond du Lac 103.7
, Green Lake 43.^
>/ Marquette 18.6
Waushara 21.5
Winnebago 2 37•7
W-5 -Milwaukee
Waukesha
W-6 ' Ozaukee 163.6
Sheboygan 170.9
Washington 107-8
W-7 - Calumet 70.7
Door te*l
#, ' ' • ^-Kewaunee 55-2
x Manitovoc 127-7
^1
M-l \" Delta 29-1
\, Dickinson 31-6
/Iron 1^
Menominee 23.9
M-2 \'f Antrim 21.7
-Charlevoix 32.4
-Unmet 3^-5
Leelanau 26.7
I'Mackinac 10.7
Schoolcraft 7-5
-------
TABLE 17-B
I960 Population Densities of Counties of the Lake Michigan Watershed (Cont'd)
^ Persons Per
Subregion \ County Square Mile
M-3 v Grand Traverse 72.2
NiKalkaska 7.8
M-4 ' Benzie 24.8
Manistee 34.1
Wexford 32.8
M-5 , , Clare 20.4
VA/ Mecosta 37.4
\ , Mlssaukee 12.0
v/7 Osceola 23.4
Ros common 13«8
M-6 /Lake 9-3
\ -'Mason 44.5
^ Muskegon 297.5
jNewaygo 28.2
„ Oceana 30.9
\
M-7 ' Barry 57-8
Kent 421.3
' Ottawa 175.0
, \
M-8 x\ Clinton 66.5
\ \' Eaton 87.6
V'Gratiot 65.4
\-Ingham 378.0
V; Ionia 75-0
•,/•- Mont calm 50.3
Shiawassee 99.0
M-9 %Y ALlegan 69.6
\\lCalhoun 195-9
xv Jackson 187.2
\ Kalamazoo 299-3
Van Buren 79-7
M-10 \' Berrien 258.4
\ Branch 69.0
\ Cass 75-7
St. Joseph 83.3
-------
TABLE 17-C
I960 Population Densities of Counties of the Lake Michigan Watershed (Cont'd)
Persons Per
Subregion County Square Mile
IND-1 Lake 998.6
Porter 141.8
IND-3 Elkhart. 228.2
Kosciusko 75.0
LaGrange 1+5.9
Noble 68.7
St. Joseph ' 511.0
Steuben 55.4
W-l Racine 420.7
Kenosha 386.6
Walworth 93.5
Source: 1960 Census of Population.
-------
TABLE 18
Employment in Major Water-Using Industries
1940-1960
I/
Subregion
W-2
W-3
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-T
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IND-3
W-l
Lake Michigan
Watershed
1940
Employment
2,1*03
11,61*0
8,676
53,969
10,699
6,089
1,358
1,382
396
1,858
353
8,563
16,113
6,135
26,788
9,778
56,892
15,187
8,345
, 62V
1950
Employment
3,379
17,089
12,482
72,375
13,799
8,101
2,452
1,565
654
2,490
1,020
9,416
21,747
8,861
35,927
12,433
74,586
20,926
13,055
332,357
I960
Employment
3,240
20,647
15,428
73,685
15,446
10,926
3,390
2,068
1,198
2,109
2,035
15,200
30,031
13,418
42,160
17,227
87,034
26,208
14,325
395,775
I/ Water using industries include Food and Kindred Products, Paper
and Allied Products, Chemical and Allied Products, Primary Metal
Industries, and Petroleum and Coal Products.
Source: Office of Business Economics, U. S. Dept. of Commerce.
-------
Subregion
Wisconsin
W-l*
W-2
W-3
W-4
w-5
TABLE 19-A
Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
of the Lake Michigan Watershed
Industry
Food and Kindred Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Total
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Percent of Subregion's Number of
Total Manufacturing finployees
Employment - 1962 1962
Total
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Total
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Total
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Total
2.8
4.8
9.6
17.2
6.4
33-3
39-7
17-2
35-4
2.1
54.7
10.0
22.9
3.6
36.5
10.8
2.7
1.6
8.8
23-9
1,262
2,200
4,413
7,875
440
2,250
2,690
4,820
9,910
590
15,320
2,950
6,740
1,070
10,760
20,130
5,100
2,900
16,380
44,510
-------
Subregion
W-6
W-7
Michigan
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
TABLE 19-B
Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
of the Lake Michigan Watershed - Cont'd
Industry
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Percent of Subregion's Number of
Total Manufacturing finployees
Pood and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Total
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal Products
Primary Metal Industries
Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Food and Kindred Products
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Eiployment - 1962
8.9
2.7
2-5
3-1
a 17.2
10.0
1.2
5.2
a 16.4
5.9
16.4
2.5
1.9
a 26.7
4.9
5.3
il 10.2
19.6
a 19.6
6.7
12.1
10.8
16.3
al 45-9
1962
2,160
660
610
750
4,180
1,800
210
940
2,950
410
1,120
180
130
1,840
160
180
340
400
400
280
500
450
670
1,900
-------
TABLE 19-C
Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
of the Lake Michigan Watershed - Cont'd
Percent of Subregion's Number of
Total Manufacturing Employees
Subregion Industry Bnployment - 1962 1962
M-5 Food and Kindred Products k.O 130
Primary Metal Industries 5.5 180
Total 9.5 310
M-6 Food and Kindred Products 7-2 2,020
Paper and Allied Products 3-7 1,0^0
Chemicals and Allied Products 3. 3 930
Petroleum and Coal Products .7 200
Primary Metal Industries iQ.k
Total 33-3 9,330
M-7 Food and Kindred Products 7-6 k, 780
Paper and Allied Products 1.6 980
Chemicals and Allied Products 1.7 1,090
Primary Metal Industries 4-3 2,720
Total 15.2 9,570
M-8 Food and Kindred Products k.O 1,833
Paper and Allied Products .2 80
Chemicals and Allied Products 1-9 87^
Petroleum and Coal Products l.k 6kO
Primary Metal Products 5.7 2,580
Total 13.2 6,010
M-9 Food and Kindred Products 14.8 10,230
Paper and Allied Products 16.5 11,390
Chemicals and Allied Products 4.8 3,350
Primary Metal Industries 5-1 3,580
Total la. 2 28,550
-------
Subregion
M-10
Indiana
IND-1*
IND-3
TABLE 19-D
Major Water Using Industries in Subregions
of the Lake Michigan Watershed - Cont'd
Industry
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal Products
Primary Metal Industries
Food and Kindred Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemicals and Allied Products
Primary Metal Industries
Total
Percent of Subr eg ion's
Total Manufacturing
finployment - 1962
U.U
10.0
lk.2
Total 28.6
i 3-0
• 5
LUGtS 2.7
its 8.1
61.9
Total 76.2
i 5-6
i 2.5
lucts . 6
fc.l
Number of
Bnployees
1962
1,560
3,520
fc,990
10,070
3,090
5^0
2,790
8,230
63,100
77,750
3,530
1,570
380
2,580
12.8
8,060
* Common to the Illinois River Basin.
Source: County Business Patterns, First Quarter 1962.
GPO 8O4—880—5
-------
TABLE 20
Population Projections for Subregions
of the Lake Michigan Watershed
I960
Subregion
W-2
W-3
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IHD-3
w-i
Total
(1.000)
70.7
316.5
220.4
1,194.2
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
45.3
60.3
217.8
^93.6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573-6
448.6
294.8
Municipal
(1,000)
29.6
213-9
143-7
1,139.0
110.8
73-3
63.0
28.0
20.5
28.6
23-3
125-6
357.4
292.0
353-4
135.4
519.1
300.9
196.1
1980
Total
(1.000)
73
425
275
1,696
244
167
92
68
43
47
63
263
649
625
688
345
1,020
628
450
Municipal
(1,000)
31
306
193
1,696
161
100
58
31
25
30
28
162
510
448
469
186
975
462
335
2020
Total
(1.000)
74
807
458
2,990
415
257
97
76
61
50
78
395
1,098
1,231
1,058
566
1,700
1,229
775
Municipal
(1,000)
32
688
353
2,990
326
184
61
38
40
34
45
259
968
1,044
838
370
1,700
1,035
775
Lake Michigan
Watershed 5,729.2
4,153-4 7,900 6,200 13,400 11,800
Source: I960 Census of Population; GLIRB Project Projections.
-------
TABLE 21
Projections of Population, Manufacturing
Employment and Employment Equivalent
Multipliers* 1960 to I960 and 2020
I960
1980
2020
Mfg.
Popu- Employ-
Sub- lation ment
region (l,000) (l.OOO)
W-2 70.7 6.8
W-3**
W-4
W-5
W-6
W-7
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
IND-1
IND-3
W-l
316.5
220.4
1,194.2
171.0
136.5
100.1
68.9
37-9
^5.3
60.3
217.8
493-6
468.3
546.7
264.0
573.6
448.6
294.8
32.4
29.5
190.9
27.1
19.3
8.3
4.1
2.3
4.8
4.6
31-9
67.1
50.1
72.6
39.8
99.4
68.5
49.6
Popu-
lation
(1.000)
73
425
275
1,696
244
167
92
68
43
47
63
263
649
625
688
345
1,020
628
450
Mfg.
Employ-
ment
(l.OOO)
7.3
4.2
33
229
29
20
8.3
4.3
2.5
4.7
5-0
34
80
60
83
45
148
83
63
Employment
Equivalent Popu-
Multipliers lation
x 1960 (1,000)
1.71
1.94
1.80
1.93
1.74
1.67
1.57
1.88
1.75
1.57
1-73
1.73
1.92
1.92
1.83
1.81
2.40
1.91
2.04
74
807
458
2,990
415
257
97
76
61
50
78
395
1,098
1,231
1,058
566
1,700
1,229
775
Mfg. Employment
Employ- Equivalent
ment Multipliers
(1,000) x 1960
7.4
81
46
299
42
26
9-7
7.6
3.3
5.0
7.8
40
110
91
106
57
170
123
78
4.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
5-9
5.1
4.5
7.1
5.4
4.0
6.5
4.8
6.3
7.0
5.6
5.4
6.6
6.9
6.0
*Productivlty increases from I960 are expected to result in an equivalent or
effective employment 1.6 times the actual employment by 1980 and 3«8 times
actual employment by 2020; this equivalent employment is then divided by the
I960 actual manufacturing employment to obtain the multipliers shown.
**Discussion with industry officials in this subregion concerning future growth
trends in the area's leading industry, paper making, have led to the use of
somewhat lower productivity increases than those used in the other subregions
of the watershed; multipliers of 1.5 times 1960 by 1980 and 2.4 times 1960 by
2020 were used in this subregion (e.g., 4.2 X 1.5 * 32.4 = 1.94 in 1980).
-------
SUBREGIONS
W-2. Florence, Forest, Marinette, and
Qconto Counties. Wisconsin
This four-county, 3*993 square mile
economic subregion is the most north-
erly portion of Wisconsin lying in the
Lake Michigan Watershed. Within the
subregion are located the Peshtigo and
Oconto River Basins and a portion of
the Menominee River Basin.
The I960 population of the subre-
gion was 70,700. Dwindling population
in each county of the subregion from
19^0 to I960 resulted in a total
decrease of 8,600. About kO percent
of the population was municipal. This
subregion, with only 18 persons per
square mile, had next to the lowest
population density of any subregion in
the Watershed. Marinette City, with a
I960 population of 13,300, is the
largest incorporated community in the
subregion. Both Marinette County and
Oconto County border on Green Bay.
Forest products, although declin-
ing, still are an important part of
the area 'economy. Sales of crops,
livestock, and livestock products pro-
duced in this subregion totaled $21.5
million in 1959. Of this amount live-
stock and livestock products accounted
for $19.6 million and crops only $1.9
million.
In 1962, the lumber and wood prod-
ucts industry numbered 83 firms and
employed more than 1,800 persons.
Marinette County with two-thirds of
the subregion's $63 million value add-
ed by manufacturing activity in 1958,
has the greatest concentration of in-
dustry in the subregion. Paper and
allied products comprise the single
most important industry in the subre-
gion with value added by manufacturing
in 1958 totaling $27.2 million in Mar-
inette County alone. The food and
kindred products industry is the only
other manufacturing activity of any
significance in the subregion, its
1962 employment totaling about 500.
During the 1950 to I960 period, the
subregion was one of two in the Lake
Michigan Watershed to suffer employ-
ment losses in those industry groups
which are considered major water
users.
During I960, there was considerable
shipping from the Menominee-Marinette
Port and from the Oconto Harbor. In
the Menominee Harbor district, vessel
traffic totaled 595,000 tons. A small
amount of the mineral, andesite, was
quarried in Marinette. Sand and gra-
vel are produced in Oconto, Forest and
Marinette Counties.
Nicolet National Forest comprises
two-thirds of Forest County and part
of Florence County. The iron forma-
tion of the Menominee range extends
into Florence County, but no mines are
currently in operation.
Population of this subregion is
projected at 74,000 for 2020, essen-
tially unchanged from the present.
Manufacturing output is projected to
increase fourfold. Most of this is
expected to result from increases in
productivity during the 60 year
period.
W-3> Brown, Langlade, Outagamie, Sha-
wano, and Waupaca Counties, Wisconsin
This 3,944 square mile economic
subregion constitutes the northern
two-thirds of the Fox River Subbasin.
Population of this subregion total-
ed 316,500 in I960 - an increase of
-------
1*4,200 since 1950 and an increase of
70,200 since 191+0. In 1960, approxi-
mately 66 percent of the population
was municipal. Brown County, a Stan-
dard Metropolitan Statistical Area
vith a I960 population of 125,000,
borders on Green Bay. The City of
Green Bay at the mouth of the Fox
River, vith a population of almost
63,000, is the subregion's major city.
The Port of Green Bay engages in
world trade through the St. Lawrence
Seaway, and the Fox River is navigable
by shallower draft vessels to Lake
Winnebago. Three major railroads
service the area.
The second largest incorporated
place of the subregion is Appleton
City (1*8,000), located almost entirely
in Outagamie County.
Value added by manufacture for the
subregion rose from $40 million in
1939 to $278 million in 1958. Sales
of crops totaled $11 million in 1959,
including the sales of 1.2 million
bushels of corn and 29 thousand bush-
els of wheat.
Livestock and related products and
forest products have considerable sig-
nificance in the subregion. In 1959,
the sales value of livestock and live-
stock products totaled almost $72 mil-
lion - the largest amount of any of
the subregions in the Lake Michigan
Watershed. In 1958, Brown County had
16 firms and Outagamie County had 18
firms in the paper and allied products
industry group; the value added by
manufacturing in this industry totaled
$119.1 million and employment more
than 10,000. The State of Wisconsin
has maintained its share of the Na-
tion's output of paper and allied pro-
ducts since 1947 and in so doing has
resisted the downward trend noted in
most of the Great Lakes states.
However, this downward trend may be
temporary; according to "Region,
Resources and Economic Growth" pub-
lished by Resources for the Future,
the Great L&kes and upper New England
states appear to be in for a reversal
of trend. Low current timber cut rel-
ative to realizable growth, and a new
semiehemical process that allows low
grade hard woods to be used for pulp
indicate a revival of forest activity
in these areas. Another factor point-
ing to a continued growth of this
industry in the subregion is the con-
siderable amount of pulpwood imported
from outside of the area; thus the
industry is not dependent upon local
timber resources.
Next in importance was the food and
kindred products industry group whose
238 firms employed 6,336 persons and
created value added by manufacture of
$14.7.14- million in 1958. Other manufac-
turing industries included machinery,
except electrical, and fabricated
metal products.
Employment in major water-using
industries increased from 17,089 to
20,647 in the 1950 to 1960 decade.
Irrigation is an important factor
to the large potato crop of Langlade
County. This county produced almost
one-third of the state's 1959 crop of
13 million bushels.
Population of the subregion is pro-
jected to increase two and a half
times to 807,000 by the year 2020. The
population classified as municipal
will increase from 65 to 85 percent of
the total in the 60 year study period.
Industrial activity is projected to
increase six times by 2020 - arising
-------
both from large increases in pop-
ulation and employment and from
productivity increases.
W-lj-, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Marquet-
te, Waushara and Winnebago Counties,
Wisconsin
This five-county economic subregion
has an area of 2,6l8 square miles and
contains the southern one-third of the
Pox River Subbasin.
The 1960 population of this subre-
gion was 220,1*00. Three of the coun-
ties have had continuous growth since
19^0 - Fond du Lac, Green Lake, and
Winnebago - the latter leading in both
population and growth rate in each
decade. Marquette and Waushara shoved
gradual declines during this period.
Sixty-five percent of the 1960 popu-
lation of the area was municipal. The
largest cities in the subregion are:
Oshkosh (1*5,100), Pond du Lac (29,900)
and Neenah (18,000). All border on
Lake Winnebago. Wisconsin State Col-
lege is at Oshkosh.
The Upper Fox River flows through
Green Lake and Marquette Counties. The
area provides considerable attraction
to tourists.
Winnebago County ranks first in the
Take Michigan Watershed in the produc-
tion of paper and allied products.
Value added by manufacture in this
industry totaled $8l million for Win-
nebago County in 1958. Approximately
6,300 persons were employed by the
industry. Within the subregion, non-
electrical machinery is the second
most important industry. In Winnebago
County this industry had a 1958 value
added by manufacturing of $17•3 mil-
lion. Other subregion industries
include food and kindred products,
primarily dairy products, and trans-
portation equipment. Employment in
water-using industries increased by
2,946 in the 1950 to 1960 period.
The total value of crops, livestock
and livestock products sold in 1958
was $62 million. Crops, including
sales of 2.5 million bushels of corn,
amounted to $10 million; livestock and
associated products totaled $52 mil-
lion. Dairying is important in this
area; much of the mil.k is converted
into cheese, butter and similar prod-
ucts* In this subregion, as in the
entire State of Wisconsin, cheese fac-
tories are the most common type of
manufacturing activity. Fond du Lac,
with dairy product sales amounting to
almost $15 million in 1959, ranked
first in the subregion and fifth in
the state. Waushara County ranked
second in the state in the number of
acres irrigated with 5,238 in 1959^
The population of this subregion is
projected to grow from its 1960 figure
of 220,1*00 to ^58,000 in 2020. Most
of the growth will occur in urban
areas and the percent of the popula-
tion classified as municipal will
increase to 77 percent in 2020. A six-
fold increase in manufacturing output
is likely over the 60 year study peri-
od. Trends in the paper industry des-
cribed in W-3 apply also to W-k.
W-5, Milwaukee and Waukesha Counties,
Wisconsin
This economic subregion has an
area of 729 square miles. Most of
Milwaukee County and the eastern por-
tion of Waukesha County are in the
Milwaukee River Basin.
8
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The I960 population of this subre-
gion, which consists of Milwaukee and
Waukesha Counties, was approximately
1.2 mm ion. All of the population of
Milwaukee County and 65 percent of
Waukesha County is classified as muni-
cipal. Table 22 indicates the recent
trends in population and how this
trend compares with that of the Na-
tion.
As 'indicated in Table 22, the popu-
lation growth of the subregion approx-
imately kept pace with the national
growth from 1940 to I960. More than
26 percent of the State of Wisconsin's
population and kO percent of its manu-
facturing employment are in Milwaukee
County. Almost 75 percent of the
County's population lives within the
City of Milwaukee. Other large incor-
porated places in Milwaukee County
include West Allls (68,157), Wauwatosa
(56,923) and South Milwaukee (20,307).
Large incorporated places in Waukesha
County include Waukesha (30,004) and
Brookfield City (19,812).
The subregion's industrial activ-
ity, as measured by value added by
manufacture, while increasing in dol-
lar volume declined as a percent of
the Nation between 1914-7 and 1962 as
shown in Table 22.
Of the subregion's $1.7 billion of
value added by manufacture in 1958,
approximately $1.2 billion was ac-
counted for by the City of Milwaukee
and $170 million was accounted for by
the City of West Allis. Leading indus-
tries of the area include: machinery,
except electrical; food and kindred
products; electrical machinery; fabri-
cated metal products; primary metal
industries; transportation equipment;
and printing and publishing. Table 23
shows the 19^7-1962 trends in water-
using industries.
Employment in major water-using in-
dustries increased by 1,310 in the
1950 to I960 period. This increase was
considerably below the 11,205 needed
to maintain the subregion's share of
the national total, i.e., rate of
growth in the area was not as rapid as
the national rate.
Within the food and kindred prod-
ucts category the larger sub-categor-
ies are beverages (primarily malt
liquors), meat products, and dairy
products.
Milwaukee County is a major whole-
sale trading center. In 1963 its dol-
lar volume of wholesale trade was ap-
proximately $2.8 billion - more than
50 percent of the State total.
Milwaukee is a leading lake port,
and this should contribute substan-
tially to future growth of the region.
A large part of port activities con-
sists of bringing in raw materials
needed in manufacturing, and coal for
fuel and power. A variety of products
enter into transoceanic as well as
Great Lakes commerce.
Waukesha County industries include
machinery, except electrical; primary
metals; and food and kindred products.
This subregion's sales of crops,
livestock and livestock products
totaled $21 minion in 1959. Livestock
and associated products accounted for
$14 million of the total, and crops
for $7 million. Much of the crops sold
consisted of nursery and greenhouse
products, flowers, vegetable seeds and
plants, and bulbs. Sales of these
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TABLE 22
Population and Value Added by Manufacture
Milwaukee Standard Metropolitan Statical Area
Year
191*0
1950
I960
Population
(ooo)
829.6
956.9
1,19*. 3
**
.63
.63
.67
Year
Value Added
($1,000)
19*7
195*
1958
I960
1962
1,013,5*2
1,1*93,953
1,722,520
1,999,818
2,107,388
1.36
1.27
1.22
1.22
1.18
Note: % N is the percent of the national total population
or value added by manufacture.
Source: 1960 Census of Population; Census of Manufactures 195*,
1958; 1962 Annual Survey of Manufactures.
-------
CO
•p a
CO O
•rl
l/N «
*fl
SCO
£j
*r4 CO
ig
•rl
UN he
IS
ii
ON t—
-------
products
in 1959-
were almost $4 million
This subregion'e population is pro-
jected to increase to 2,990,000 by the
year 2020. By that year substantially
all of the population will be munlci-
pal. Manufacturing output is project-
ed to increase sixfold by the year
2020.
W-6y Ozaukce, Sheboygan and Washington
Counties, Wisconsin
This three-county subregion is
1,169 square miles in area. Washington
and Ozaukee Counties are primarily in
the Milwaukee River Basin and the
major portion of Sheboygan County is
in the Sheboygan River Basin.
The 1960 population of this subre-
gion which is immediately north of the
Milwaukee area, was 171,000 of which
60 percent was municipal. The region
increased in population by 33,000
since 1930. The largest city in this
subregion is Sheboygan (1*6,000).
Value added by manufacture for the
subregion in 1958 was $203 million.
The most Important area industry, as
measured by value added by manufactur-
ing in 1958, was nonelectrical machin-
ery valued at $46.8 million. Other
industries and their 1958 value added
by manufacturing amounts are: food and
kindred products $28.6 million, fabri-
cated metal products $24.8 million,
and furniture and fixtures $9.9 mil-
lion.
Employment in major water-using in-
dustries totaled 15,446 in 1960, an
increase of 1,647 over 1950.
Of the nearly $35 million sales of
livestock and related products in this
subregion in 1959, the largest segment
was from dairy products which totaled
$23 million. The 1959 value of crops
sold was $5.2 million.
The 1960 mineral activity, mainly
in sand, gravel and limestone, totaled
over $1 million.
This subregion's several public
hunting and fishing grounds, state
parks and forests are recreational
advantages.
Sheboygan, on the western shore of
Lake Michigan is served by rail, high-
way and water transportation. The Fort
Washington Harbor domestic tonnage,
mostly coal and petroleum, amounts to
approximately 500,000 tons per year.
The Sheboygan Harbor handles a compar-
able traffic volume.
Total population is projected at
1*15,000 for 2020 and municipal popula-
tion is projected at 326,000 in that
year. Value added by manufacture is
projected to increase by a factor of
six.
W-7. Calumet. Door, Kevaunee, and Man-
itowpc Counties. Wisconsin
This subregion extends eastward
from Lake Winnebago to the shore of
Lake Michigan and northward along the
Door Peninsula. The subregion includes
the Sheboygan and Manitowoc River
Basins and the Sturgeon Bay Area.
The 1960 population of this subre-
gion was 136,500 of which 54 percent
was municipal. The largest cities are
Manitowoc (32,275) and Sturgeon Bay
(7,300).
10
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Of the $134 million in value added
by manufacture in the subregion during
1958> industry in Manitowoc County
accounted for $94 million. Food and
kindred products is the primary indus-
try in this subregion, with value
added by manufacture in 1958 of $16.2
million in Manitowoc County alone.
Other important industries in the sub-
region and their 1958 values added by
manufacture are: machinery, except
electrical $14.8 million; electrical
machinery $9.3 million; and transpor-
tation equipment, primarily shipbuild-
ing, $4.8 million.
Major water-using industries
Increased their employment to 10,926
in the 1950 to I960 decade.
Agriculture is important to the
area. Crop sales in 1939 amounted to
$7 million, almost half of it from
sales of fruit and nuts. Boor County,
located on the peninsula between Green
Bay and Lake Michigan, produced 97
percent of the state's 1959 cherry
crop of 22 million pounds. Almost
$44 million resulted from the sale of
livestock and livestock products in
1959• Mineral production, including
cement, clays, limestone, sand and
gravel, is substantial in Manitowoc
County.
There are three harbors in the sub-
region: Manitowoc, Sturgeon Bay, and
Kewaunee. The Sturgeon Bay-Lake
Michigan Canal through Door County
facilitates ship movement between
Green Bay and Lake Michigan.
Recreational facilities are econ-
omically important and there are large
state Investments in new and expanded
outdoor recreation.
Population is projected to approxi-
mately double in the 60-year study
period. The expected total of 257,000
will be 72 percent municipal. Manufac-
turing output is projected to increase
fivefold by 2020.
M-l, Delta. Dickinson, Iron and Menom-
inee Counties« Michigan
With an area of 4,166 square miles
this is the largest of the 19 desig-
nated subregions in the Lake Michigan
Watershed. It extends around and in-
land from the northwestern shore of
Lake Michigan.
The 1960 population of this subre-
gion was 100,100, a decrease of 600
from the 1950 total. The principal
cities in the area and their 1960 pop-
ulation are: Escanaba (15,391) and
Menominee (11,289).
Value added by manufacture in the
subregion in 1958 totaled $48.3 Bil-
lion. In 1958, 85 percent of the sub-
region's land area was forest and the
significant industries of the area all
utilize wood products as a raw mate-
rial. These activities Include: lum-
ber and wood products; furniture and
fixtures; and paper and allied prod-
ucts.
Industries considered as major
water users employed 3,390 persons in
I960.
Value of mineral production in this
subregion, which totaled over $22 mil-
lion in 1959, was greater than that of
any of the other subregions of the
Lake Michigan Watershed. In 1959, iron
ore production was valued at $18.9
million in Iron County. In 1962, the
Escanaba harbor facilities handled 5.8
11
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million tons of freight, including 5-U
million tons of iron ore and concen-
trates .
The total value of crops, livestock
and livestock products sold was $8.7
million in 1959. Crops accounted for
$1.8 million of the total and live-
stock and associated products $6.9
million. Menominee County, the south-
ernmost in the subregion, was respon-
sible for almost 50 percent of the
total agricultural output. Sales of
corn and wheat in 1959 were negli-
gible.
No growth in population is pro-
jected for this economic subregion. A
four- to fivefold increase in value
added by manufacture is seen by the
year 2020, arising from productivity
Increases.
M-2« Antrim, Charlevoix, Banet. Lee-
lanau. Mackinac, and Schoolcraft
Counties, Michigan
This six-county subreglon extends
around the northeastern shore of Lake
Michigan.
Its population in 1960 was 68,900 -
only slightly higher than in 19^0 and
substantially less than the 1910 popu-
lation of 82,000. All of the counties
border on Lake Michigan. Substantial-
ly a rural subregion, Petoskey with a
I960 population of 6,100 is the larg-
est city. Forty percent of the 1960
population of the subregion was muni-
cipal.
As in other subregions located in
the northern portion of the Watershed,
the most significant factor in this
subregion's economy is its large per-
centage of forest land. The subregion
as a whole has 79 percent of its land
area in forest; the individual coun-
ties range from 58 percent in Leelanau
to about 90 percent in Mackinac.
Forest products are important to manu-
facturing in this subregion. In 1958,
88 of the area's 165 manufacturing
firms used wood as a raw material.
Employment in major water-using in-
dustries increased by 503 to 2,008 in
the 1950 to I960 period.
Much of the area's soil is sandy
and not conducive to agriculture pro-
duction. Sales of crops, livestock
and livestock products were $10.0 mil-
lion in 1959. Crops sold totaled $k.k
million and livestock and livestock
products amounted to $5.6 million.
Leelanau County ranked third in the
state in production of sour cherries,
with a 1959 crop of 23 million pounds.
The tourist industry contributes
substantially to the local economy.
The population of this subregion is
projected to remain approximately at
the present level. Industrial activity
is projected to increase sevenfold by
the year 2020.
M-3« Grand Traverse and Kalkaska Coun-
ties, Michigan
This two-county subregion has one-
half of its area in the Grand Traverse
and Little Traverse Bay areas and the
other half in the Manistee River
Basin.
The I960 population of this subre-
gion was approximately 38,000 - an
increase of 10,000 since 19^0. Almost
33,500 of the total population live in
12
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Grand Traverse County. Traverse City
had a 1960 population of 18,432.
Manufacturing employment totaled
about 2,200 in 1958, primarily center-
ed in the food and kindred products
and machinery, except electrical,
industry groups. Value added by manu-
facture totaled $14.5 million in 1958.
Small quantities of petroleum and nat-
ural gas are produced in Kalkaska
County.
Traverse City borders on Grand
Traverse Bay and the tourist industry
is important to the local economy. In
1958, 82 percent of Kalkaska County
vas in forest.
The subregional sales of crops,
livestock and livestock products
totaled $6.0 million in 1959- Sales
of livestock vere $2.2 million and
sales of crops vere $3.8 million.
Grand Traverse led the state in the
production of sour cherries with a
crop of 29.3 million pounds.
and Manistee Counties border on
western shore of Lake Michigan.
the
The population of this subregion is
projected to increase to 61,000 by
2O20. All of the growth vill be in
municipal population. Manufacturing
output is projected to increase to
more than five times the I960 level by
2020.
M-4, Benzic, Manistee and Wexford
Counties, Michigan
This subregion contains parts of
two river basins, the Betsie and the
Manistee.
Its population of 45,300 in 1960
was essentially the same as in 1940.
Its two largest cities are Cadillac
(10,112) and Manistee (8,32*0. Benzie
Bnployment in manufacturing declin-
ed from 5,098 in 1947 to 3,783 in 1958
and employment in major water-using
industries declined by 503 in the 1950
to I960 period. Value added by manu-
facture, however, increased from 1947
to 1954 and remained relatively con-
stant from 1954 to 1958. Major manu-
facturing activities included chemi-
cals and allied products, transporta-
tion equipment, and paper and allied
products,
Production of minerals in Manistee
County in a recent year totaled $12.5
million, including salt, magnesium
compounds, bromine, and sand and
gravel.
This subregion had sales of crops,
livestock and livestock products
totaling $5*7 million in 1959, the
former valued at $3*7 million, the
latter at $2.0 million. Fruit produc-
tion was substantial for these two
lakeside counties.
The population of this subregion is
projected to increase to 50,000 by the
year 2020. Value added by manufacture
is projected to increase fourfold.
M-5, Clare, Mecosta, Missaukee, Oece-
ola and Roscommon Counties, Michigan
This 2,802 square mile subregion is
a part of the Muskegon River Basin.
Its I960 population of 60,300 rep-
resented an increase of 9,200 over the
1940 population, but was only 800 more
than the 1910 population. Approxi-
mately 39 percent of the population is
13
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municipal. The largest city is Big
Rapids, population 8,687.
Only a email amount of manufactur-
ing activity takes place in the area,
adding $16.8 million to the 1958 econ-
omy.
However, employment in water-using
industries doubled to 2,035 in the
1950 to I960 decade.
Value of crops sold in 1959 totaled
less than $3 million; value of live-
stock and livestock products sold
totaled $11.7 million. Much of the
area is cutover timber-land and much of
the soil is sandy loam of low fertil-
ity.
Value of mineral production totaled
$6.3 million in 1959- Most of this was
in petroleum and natural gas. Osceola
County ranked second in the state in
the production of natural gas.
This subregion1s population is pro-
jected to increase to ?8,000 by 2020.
An approximate sixfold increase in
manufacturing output is seen by the
year 2020.
M-6, Lake, Mason,Muskegon. Mewaygo.
and Oceana Counties, Michigan
This five-county subregion had a
I960 population of 217,800. Three of
the five counties, Mason, Oceana and
Muskegon, border the western shore of
Lake Michigan. Muskegon County popu-
lation in I960 was approximately
150,000. Paralleling the national
growth rate the subregion increased in
population by 65,000 since 191*0. Major
cities of the area include Muskegon,
Muskegon Heights, North Muskegon and
Ludington.
Manufacturing employment declined
from approximately 3^,000 to 27,600
between 19^7 and 195k, but remained
relatively constant between 195^ and
1958. Those Industries considered
major water users, however, increased
employment by 5,78^ between 1950 and
I960. Value added by manufacture de-
clined, as a percent of the Hation
between 19^7 and 1958. Major indus-
tries in the area are machinery, ex-
cept electrical, and primary metals,
the latter concentrated in Muskegon
County. Other significant industries
are furniture and fixtures, food and
kindred products, and chemicals and
allied products.
Value of crops and livestock and
livestock products sold in 1959 total-
ed $23 million, divided about equally
between the two. Oceana County was
second in the state in production of
sour cherries with a 1959 crop total
of 29.1 million pounds.
Sand, gravel, salt, petroleum and
natural gas are produced in the area
but not in large quantities.
Generally the area has excellent
recreational resources and recreation-
al activities are Important to the
area economy.
Muskegon's harbor facilities handl-
ed over 3.5 million tons of a wide
range of commodities during 1960.
The population of this area Is pro-
jected to be 395,000 in the year 2020.
Sixty-six percent of the total popula-
tion will be municipal. Manufacturing
output is projected to Increase to a
level five times that of I960.
-------
M-7. Barry. Kent and Ottawa Counties.
Michigan
This economic subregion constitutes
the western one-third of the Grand
River Subbasin. The southern portion
of Ottawa County is coextensive with
the Black River Basin. Part of the
region is located on the western shore
of Lake Michigan.
This subreglon had a 1960 popula-
tion of 1*93,600 of which 72 percent
was municipal. Kent County (the Grand
Rapids Standard Metropolitan Statisti-
cal Area) had a I960 population of
353,200. Between 1940 and I960, this
three-county area increased in popula-
tion by 165,000 and is growing at a
rate exceeding the national average.
Major cities Include Grand Rapids
(173,313), Wyoming (45,829), Bast
Grand Rapids (10,924), Grand Haven
(11,066) and Holland (24,777, of which
22,140 is in Ottawa County).
Value added by manufacture, which
totaled $569 minion in 1958, Increas-
ed as a percent of the Nation from
.433 in 1939 to .480 in 1954 but de-
clined to .403 in 1958. Manufacturing
employment decreased between 1954 and
1958 from 66,400 to 58,700. An in-
crease of 8,284 in employment in
industries considered to be major
water users took place in the 1950 to
I960 period. Of the $569 •mica of
value added by manufacture la 1958,
$410 million was accounted for by Kent
County and $138 million by Ottawa
County. Major Industrial activities
include fabricated metals (the largest
Industry group), furniture and fix-
tures, machinery, except electrical,
electrical machinery, and food and
kindred products. Other industries are
significant and the area is consider-
ably diversified.
During 1959, the value of livestock
and livestock products sold totaled
$25 million and the value of crops
sold totaled $16 million. Dairying is
Important in this subregion and Kent
County, which includes the Grand
Rapids milkshed, had sales of dairy
products in 1959 of $4.7 million. Kent
also had a 1959 crop of 1.6 million
bushels of apples. Subregion sales of
corn were 1.6 million bushels and
wheat sales were 1.6 million bushels.
Grand Rapids is also a wholesale
supply center for much of the Lower
Peninsula. In 1963, wholesale trade
in the subregion totaled more than
$1 billion.
Population is projected to be
1,098,000 in 2020, Municipal popula-
tion is projected to be 988,000 in
that year. Industrial activity is
projected to increase sixfold.
M-8, Clinton, Eaton, Gratlot, Ingham,
Ionia, Montcalm and Shiawasee Counties.
Michigan
This seven-county subregion com-
prises two-thirds of the Grand River
Basin. With an area of 4,090 square
miles, it is the second largest econ-
omic subregion In the watershed.
Its I960 population of 468,300 was
62 percent municipal. Ingham County,
the site of the State Capital, had a
I960 population of 211,300. Popula-
tions of the other five counties range
from 37,000 to 53,000. The counties
vary considerably as to their extent
of municipal population, e.g., Ingham
County, 82 percent, and Clinton Coun-
ty, 30 percent. Of the six counties
15
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only Ingham County had cities over
10,000 namely, Lansing (lOT,8oo) and
East Lansing (30,198). Michigan State
University at East Lansing contributes
substantially to the population total.
Since 19^*0 the subregion has grown
more rapidly than the Nation as a
whole, increasing by almost llfO,000
since that year.
Manufacturing employment declined
between 19Vf and 1958 from 1*3,100 to
39,100. Employment in water-using in-
dustries increased by H,557 from 1950
to I960. Value added by manufacture,
vhile increasing as a percent of the
Ration and in dollar volume (current
dollars) from 19^7 to 195^, declined
slightly in dollar volume and as a
percent of the Nation from 195k to
1958 when it totaled $1*17 million.
About 62 percent of the total indus-
trial activity is located in Ingham
County. Although several industries
are significant in the area, the major
industrial activity involves the cate-
gory transportation equipment, primary
motor vehicles and equipment. Most of
this activity within the subregion is
centered in Ingham County.
In 1958, wholesale trade in the
subregion totaled $1*33 million, value
of crops sold totaled $43 million and
value of livestock and livestock prod-
ucts sold, $57 million.
This subregion, like M-5, is too
far from the Lake to have extensive
fruit farming, but is far enough south
to have a sufficiently long growing
season to permit corn to ripen. This
subregion had sales of corn of 8.8
million bushels and sales of wheat of
7.6 million bushels in 1959. The
urban areas which surround this subre-
gion on three sides provide a large
market for dairy products, the subre-
gion 's sales totaling $28.5 million in
1959.
The subregion's population is pro-
jected to increase to 1,231,000 by the
year 2020. Of the total, 85 percent
will be municipal. Value added by
manufacture is projected to increase
sevenfold in the 60-year study period.
M-9, Allegan. Calhoun, Jackson, Kala-
aazoo and Van Buren Counties, Michigan
This five-county, 3,^17 square-
mile, subregion coincides approximate-
ly with the Kalamazoo River Basin.
Jackson County is primarily in the
Grand River Basin.
This subregion, which has two of
its counties bordering on Lake Michi-
gan, had a 1960 population of 5*17,000.
Two standard metropolitan areas exist
within the region, namely Kalamazoo
and Jackson. Sixty-five percent of
the population was municipal with a
higher percentage existing In the more
industrialized counties. Major cities
Include Kalamazoo (82,089), Jackson
(50,720) and Battle Creek (M*,l69)•
Except in the 1930-19^0 period, the
area has grown rapidly and steadily
since 1910. Since 19^0 there has been
an increase in population of 182,000.
Manufacturing employment In this
subregion grew more rapidly than that
of the Nation between 19^7 and 1958,
but remained relatively constant in
total numbers between 195!* and 1958.
Manufacturing employment in major
water-using Industries increased by
6,233 in the 1950 to I960 period to a
total of 17,227. Major industries of
the area Include food aad kindred pro-
ducts, primarily cereal preparation in
16
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Calhoun County; paper and allied prod-
ucts, primarily Kalamazoo County; fab-
ricated metals; machinery except elec-
trical; transportation equipment; and
chemical and allied products, The
subregion is highly diversified indus-
trially.
Value added by manufacture in the
subregion totaled $760 million in 1958
- a larger amount than in 195^ when it
totaled $651 million, but slightly
smaller as a percent of the Nation's
total.
Agriculturally, the subregion ranks
high in the Watershed, with crops and
livestock and livestock products val-
ued at $3lf million and $38 million,
respectively. Corn sales were 5-1
million bushels and wheat sales were
3.1 million in 1959. Van Buren County
ranks high in the state in production
of fruit, especially apples and
grapes.
Population is projected to increase
from its present 5^,700 to 1,058,000
in 2020, and 79 percent will be muni-
cipal. Industrial activity is pro-
jected to Increase five- to sixfold in
the 60-year study period.
M-10. Berrien, Branch. Case, and St.
Joseph Counties. Michigan
This subregion constitutes the
Michigan portion of the St. Joseph
River Basin near the southern Michigan
border.
These four counties had a 1960 pop-
ulation of 261*,000. Berrien County,
bordering Lake Michigan, accounted for
150,000 of this total. The area popu-
lation has grown rapidly during the
past 20 years, exceeding the national
growth rate. There are three cities
of over 10,000 population, all located
in Berrien County. They are Benton
Harbor (19,136), Kiles (l3,8te) and
St. Joseph (11,755).
Compared with the national growth
rate, manufacturing employment of this
subregion has fared well, increasing
since 19^7 both as a percent of the
Nation and in absolute numbers. In
1958, value added by manufacture
totaled $289 million of which Berrien
County accounted for $182 million.
Industrial activity in the area is
considerably diversified, the leading
industries being primary metals, elec-
trical machinery, paper and allied
products, and transportation equip-
ment.
The 1959 total value of crops,
livestock and livestock products was
$55 million. Crops accounted for $33
million of the total and livestock and
their products for $22 million. Fruit
growing, centered in Berrien County,
is the single most important agricul-
tural activity in the subregion. In
the whole Watershed, Berrien ranks
first in the production of apples,
peaches, pears, grapes, strawberries
and raspberries. In 1959, the sales
of these fruits totaled more than $15
rail]ion. In addition, Berrien led the
Watershed in the number of irrigated
acres with 7,125 in 1959-
This subregion1s population is pro-
jected to more than double to 566,000
by 2020. Of the total, 370,000 will
be municipal. Manufacturing output is
projected to be more than five times
the I960 level.
17
GPO 804—880—3
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IND-1, Lake and Porter Counties,
Indiana
The 1960 population of this subre-
gion, which is in northwest Indiana
and contiguous with the Chicago
Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area, was 573,600. Of this, 513,300
was in Lake County. The area is highly
urbanized, being almost 90 percent
municipal in 1960. Population has
increased rapidly in recent decades -
by 87,000 between 19^0 and 1950, or 27
percent, and by 165,000 between 1950
and I960, or 1*0 percent.
Value added by manufacture in 1958
totaled approximately $1.3 billion.
Almost $800 million, or about 60 per-
cent of the total, represents value
added by the primary metal industry -
almost all steel rolling and finish-
ing. The primary metal industry in
this subregion not only increased in
absolute amount between 19^7 and 1958,
but also relatively with respect to
the Nation; in 19^7 the area accounted
for 5-7 percent of the Nation's total
of this industry and in 1958 it
accounted for 6.8 percent. Other sig-
nificant industries in the area are
petroleum and coal products, chemical
and allied products, fabricated metal
products, and food and kindred prod-
ucts. Of the $1.3 billion of value
added in 1958 the City of East Chicago
accounted for $550 million, Gary for
$450 million and Hammond for $150 mil-
lion. All three cities are in Lake
County. Tables 2k and 25 summarize
population and total value added by
manufacturing trends in the area.
Agricultural activity is not economi-
cally significant in this highly in-
dustrialized subregion. The combined
value of crops, livestock and live-
stock products sold in 1959, totaled
$2^.9 million. The total includes
$13.1 million from the sale of crops
and $11.9 million from the sale of
livestock and livestock products.
Population of this subregion is
projected to be 1.7 million (all muni-
cipal) by the year 2020. This growth
rate is less than that of 19^0-1960,
but greater than the likely national
growth rate. Also, it is slightly
lower than local estimate extension
for the 1960-1980 period. Industrial
expansion, especially in the primary
metal industries, is likely to con-
tinue at least as rapidly as in the
Nation. Prom 19^7 to 1958 the rate
of growth exceeded that of the
Nation.
The primary metals manufacturing
industries, and especially the steel
industry of the Chicago-Northwestern
Indiana Standard Consolidated Area,
have recently been greatly expanded
and plans for the near future indicate
a continued significant expansion of
the industry. The Chicago region,
extending into the four states sur-
rounding Chicago, is a deficit area
with regard to steel production. The
new facilities will embrace the modern
production techniques. The principal
new plants are in Porter County, Indi-
ana. The machinery and metal products
industries of this.subregion may be
expected to expand further with the
increased availability of local pro-
ducer markets and of steel in greater
amount and variety. *•
This economic region is partial-
ly in the niinoia River Basin.
18
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TABUS 25
Population and Value Added by Manufacture
Gary-Haonond-East Chicago
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
Population Value Added
y y
Year (OOP) j> N Year (OOP) % H
321.0 .21*3 19Vr 597,816 .805
1950 1*08.2 .270 195^ 960,872 .836
I960 573-5 .320 1958 1,281,927 -906
I960 1,^18,660 .869
I/ Percent of nation1* total population or total ralue added
by •anufacture.
Source: U. S. Census of Population I960,
U. S. Census of Manufactures 195*t, 1958,
I960 Annual Surrey of Manufactures.
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IND-3, Elkhart, Koseiusko, LaGrange,
Noble, St.Joseph and Steuben Counties.
Indiana
The six-county subreglon has an
area of 2,572 square miles. It is
located near the northern Indiana
border in the St. Joseph River Basin.
In I960, the population of this
subregion was 1*48,600. The municipal
population was 300,1*00 or 67 percent
of the total. Except for the 1930-19^0
decade, the area has grown rapidly and
steadily since 1910; between 1950 and
I960 the population increased by
68,000. Major cities are South Bend
(132,1*1*5), Mishawaka (33,361). Elkhart
(1*0,274) and Goshen (13,718). The
University of Notre Dame enrollment
contributes significantly to the popu-
lation of St. Joseph County. The re-
gion grew more rapidly in population
than the Nation as a whole between
1940 and 1950 and grew at the same
rate as the Nation between 1950 and
I960.
As a percent of the Nation, manu-
facturing employment declined from
19^7 to 1951* and again from 1951* to
1958; value added by manufacture de-
clined as a percent of the Nation from
1947 to 1951* but increased from 195!*
to 1958. anployment in major water
use industries totaled 26,208 in
I960.
St. Joseph County accounted for
more than half of the value added by
manufacture in the subregion in 1958,
ELkhart County also has substantial
manufacturing activity. Major indus-
tries of the subregion include rubber
and plastic products, machinery except
electrical, transportation equipment,
and fabricated metal products. Other
significant industries also exist in
the area, including chemical plants
in ELkhart County.
In 1959> the subregion accounted
for $23 million in crops sold and $59
million in value of livestock and
livestock products sold. Crops sold
included 2.8 million bushels of wheat
and 8.2 million bushels of corn.
Population is projected to grow to
1,229,000 by 2020. Of the total, 8k
percent is projected to be municipal.
Industrial activity is projected to
increase almost sevenfold.
W-l, Walworth, Racine, and Kenosha
Counties, Wisconsin
The I960 population of this subre-
gion, which is west and south of the
Milwaukee Standard Metropolitan Area,
was 294,600. About two-thirds of this
population was municipal. Racine
County, which is contiguous with Mil-
waukee County, had the largest popula-
tion of this three-county, area,
11*2,000 in 1960. Racine and Kenosha
Counties are each classified as Stan-
dard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
The subregion has grown steadily in
population since 1910 and rapidly dur-
ing the past decade, 68,1*00 between
1950 and I960, or 30 percent.
In 1958, value added by manufacture
totaled $1*06 million. The greater
concentrations of manufacturing acti-
vity were in Racine County ($210 mil-
lion) and in Kenosha County ($163
million). Leading industries in
Racine County are machinery except
electrical, and fabricated metal prod-
ucts. Other industries include pri-
mary metal industries and electrical
machinery.
19
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Leading Industries in Kenosha
County include transportation equip-
ment, furniture and fixtures, and pri-
mary metal industries. Other indus-
tries include fabricated metal prod-
ucts and machinery except electrical.
Between 19^7 and 1954 this subre-
glon's share of the Nation's total
value added by Manufacture declined
from .32 to .29 percent. Between 195^
and 1958 the subregion grew at the
sane rate as the Nation.
Dairying is the most important
agricultural activity in this subre-
gion. Sales of milk and cream in 1959
were $19.9 million. The combined
value of crops, livestock and live-
stock products was $42.1 million in
1959. Sales of vegetables totaled
almost $1.7 million.
Population for the year 2020 is
projected at 775,000, and will be all
•unicipal by that date. The total
population projection is an extension
of projections made for constituent
counties to the year 2000 by the Wis-
consin Department of Resource Develop-
ment. This rate of growth approximates
the 191*0-1960 growth rate to 1980 but
tapers off from 1980 to 2020. An in-
dustry expansion factor of six for
2010 is projected. This economic sub-
region is partially in the Illinois
River Basin.
20
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SUMMARY OF PROJECTIONS
Tables 20 and 21 summarize projec-
tion of population and projections of
economic activity represented by em-
ployment equivalents (employment mul-
tiplied by a general productivity fac-
tor). These two tables are utilized
in projecting municipal and industrial
water use.
Although some of the tables in this
report, as well as some of the textual
pages, were not used directly in form-
ulating projections of municipal and
industrial water use they were of val-
ue in making judgments concerning
growth of subregions and subbastas and
in describing specific subbasin prob-
lems and required programs.
Environmental Protection
Library, T^icn V_
or
Chicago, i-^i-^--^
21 GPO 804-880-2
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