MACROINVERTEBRATE COLLECTIONS AND WATER
QUALITY MONITORING IN THE OHIO RIVER BASIN
1963 -1967
PITTSBURGH
lMONONGAHELA R.
ALLEGHENY R
WABASH R
! \
I MARIETT
1 CINCINNATI
ADD (SON
WINFIELD DAM
HUNTINGTON
LOUISVILLE
KY.
NEW
HARMONY
EVANSVILLE
CUMBERLAND R
KANAWHA R.
TENN.
TENNESSEE R
Prepared as a Cooperative Report By:
Office of Technical Programs, Ohio Basin Region &
Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
Water Quality Office
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
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MACROINVERTEBRATE COLLECTIONS AND WATER QUALITY
MONITORING IN THE OHIO RIVER BASIN 1963 - 1967
William T. Mason, Jr., Philip A. Lewis and J.B. Anderson
Aquatic Biologists
March, 1971
Prepared as a Cooperative Report By:
Office of Technical Programs, Ohio Basin Region
Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
Water Quality Office
Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
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ABSTRACT
Macroinvertebrate populations were sampled at fourteen Ohio River
and tributary stations over a five year period, 1963-1967. Selected
physical and chemical surveillance data were related to biological
quality. Ohio River stations included; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Toronto,
Marietta and Addison, Ohio, Huntington, West Virginia, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Louisville, Kentucky, Evansville, Indiana and Cairo, Illinois.
Tributary stations were located in the lower reaches of the Allegheny,
Monongahela, Kanawha and Wabash Rivers. Distinct differences in the
abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates were observed. Pollution,
primarily from industrial sources, greatly reduced the numbers and kinds
of macroinvertebrates in the Allegheny, Monongahela, upper Ohio and lower
Kanawha rivers. Larger and more diverse populations existed in the middle
and lower reaches of the Ohio River. The faunal composition in the lower
Ohio River and Wabash River indicated enriched waters. Population
characteristics and trends in cyclic periods of abundance of certain species
at the stations were found to be of utmost importance in evaluating effects
of pollution on macroinvertebrates.
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FOREWORD
A sampling program for macroinvertebrates was initiated in 1962 by
the National Water Quality Network, Division of Water Supply and Pollution
Control, Public Health Service as part of a national surveillance effort.
This program was designed to supplement other information collected on
water quality characteristics, such as physical, chemical, bacteriological,
plankton, organics, trace elements and radioactivity. Unlike data gathered
on these latter parameters, macroinvertebrate data were not placed in the
Storage and Retrieval System (STORE!), Washington, D.C.
This report summarizes macroinvertebrate data on the Ohio River and
selected tributaries during the five year period, 1963-1967. Population
characteristics and changes in the community composition are evaluated
relative to general water quality.
Initially, several standard sampling methods were employed, including
bottom dredges and trawls. Collections from these devices usually contained
few organisms and little diversity and therefore, other means were sought
which would provide a more varied fauna. A rock-filled artificial substrate
sampler (basket sampler) was developed which proved to be effective for
sampling macroinvertebrates in large rivers. Both dredges and baskets were
utilized for monitoring macroinvertebrate communities.
Macroinvertebrate studies have continued as part of the water quality
surveillance of the Ohio River Basin. Reports for succeeding years will be
issued as data are evaluated.
11
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the following taxonomists for their verification
of certain identifications: Midges, Dr. LaVerne L. Curry, Head,Depart-
ment of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant and Dr. James
E. Sublette, Dean, the Graduate School, Eastern New Mexico University,
Portales; Caddisflies, Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Curator, Division of Neurop-
teroids, National Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. and Dr. Herbert
Ross, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana; Mollusks, Dr. Joseph P.E.
Morrison, Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, National Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, and Ralph M. Sinclair, Water Training Branch, Water
Quality Office, Environmental Protection Agency (WQO, EPA), Cincinnati;
Amphipods, Dr. E.L. Bousfield, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.
The authors also thank the U.S. Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh,
Huntington, and Louisville District Offices for giving permission to in-
stall artificial substrate samplers and we appreciate the kind assistance
of the Ohio River lock and dam personnel during the study.
Lee B. Tebo, Jr., Chief Biologist, Southeast Region, Athens, Ga.,
H. Ronald Preston and Max A. Anderson, Aquatic Biologists, respectively,
Upper Ohio Basin Office, Wheeling, W. Va., and Lower Ohio Basin Office,
Evansville, Ind., Ohio Basin Region, WQO, EPA made significant contributions
to the surveillance activity. Dr. C. I. Weber, Chief, Biological Methods,
Analytical Quality Control Laboratory directed the biological surveillance
activities the latter part of 1967 and has been involved in the development
of methods used in the study. Other WQO, EPA biologists who either collected,
sorted, or identified organisms included; Donald G. Stevens, George E.
Morrison, Raymond H. Taylor, Richard Fullner, and Ronald Ulrich.
The physical and chemical data were compiled from several sources: the
WQO, EPA data Storage and Retrieval System (STORET), Washington, D.C. and
the National Water Quality Network, Annual Compilation of Data, Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare; the U.S. Geologic Survey Water Resources
Data for the various states; Reports from the Graduate School of Public Health,
University of Pittsburgh, Neville Island Research Laboratory; and the Ohio
River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO), Cincinnati. We thank
these institutions and agencies for use of the data. Elmo C. Julian made the
computer retrieval of data, and Robert C. Kroner, AQC Laboratory is thanked
for his suggestions concerning presentation of the chemical data. We thank
Fred G. Neumann and the Graphic Arts Section, OBR, WQO, EPA for preparation
of the map and graphs.
The authors wish to thank Eugene W. Surber, Research Biologist,
Virginia Commission of Game § Inland Fisheries, Browntown, for making
available his updated "Tentative List of Biological Indicators of Pollution"
(Unpublished) compiled in 1953 by the Biology Section, Robert A. Taft Sanitary
Engineering Center, Cincinnati.
111
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract i
Foreword ii
Acknowledgements iii
List of Tables and Figures v
Introduction 1
General Topography and Geology of the Basin 4
Methods 5
Discussion 9
Allegheny River, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 9
Monongahela River, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 11
Ohio River, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 13
Toronto, Ohio 18
Marietta, Ohio 21
Addison, Ohio 23
Huntington, West Virginia. 25
Cincinnati, Ohio 29
Louisville, Kentucky 34
Evansvilie, Indiana. 36
Cairo, Illinois 39
Ohio River Tributaries 42
Kanawha River, London, West Virginia, 42
Winfield Dam, West Virginia. 44
Wabash River, New Harmony, Indiana. 47
Summary 50
References Cited. 52
Appendix Glossary A_i
Pollutional Classification of Common Ohio
River Basin Macroinvertebrates (Provisional), _ , ^-4
Macroinvertebrate Summary Data Sheets A-7
Tables of Physical § Chemical Data, A-45
Sources of Physical § Chemical Data A-65
IV
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table Number Page
I. Ohio River Basin Surveillance Stations, 1963-1967 8
II. Ohio River Mo Husk Collection, May 30, 1967 30
III. Chemical and Physical Data Ohio River and Tributaries -
Monthly Values 1963 to 1967 APPENDIX A-45
IV. Chemical and Physical Data Ohio River and Tributaries -
Yearly Values (October 1 to September 30) Water Year
1963 to 1967 APPENDIX A-55
Figure Number
1. Ohio Basin Showing Macroinvertebrate Sampling Stations 2
2. Basket Sampler Empty 6
3. Basket Sampler Ready for Installation 6
4. Allegheny River, Pittsburgh, Pa.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 10
5. Monongahela River, Pittsburgh, Pa.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 12
6. Ohio River near Pittsburgh, Pa.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 14
2
7. Number of Macroinvertebrates/ft Collected at Ohio River
Stations by Dredge 1963 - 1967 15
8. Average Number of Macroinvertebrates/Basket Sampler at
Ohio River Stations 1965 - 1967 16
9. Total Macroinvertebrate Taxa Collected at Ohio River
Stations by Basket Sampler (Artificial Substrate)
1965 - 1967 17
10. Ohio River, Toronto, Ohio-Number of Taxa and Individuals
Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 19
11. Percent Composition of Macroinvertebrate Taxa in Basket
Samples (Top Circles) and Dredge (Bottom Circles) at
Ohio River Stations, September, 1966 20
12. Ohio River, Marietta, Ohio-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 22
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Figure Number Page
13. Ohio River, Addison, Ohio-Number of Taxa and Individuals
Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 24
14. Ohio River, Huntington, W. Va.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 26
15. Yearly Mean Temperature, DO, BOD, and Turbidity During
1963, 1964, and 1965 at Ohio River Stations 27
16. Mean Temperature, DO, and pH for Ohio River Stations,
August, 1963 and 1965 28
17. Numbers of Caddis fly Larvae, Cymellus fraternus, in
Basket Samplers at Ohio River Basin Stations during 1965 32
18. Ohio River, Cincinnati, Ohio-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 33
19. Ohio River, Louisville, Ky.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 35
20. Ohio River, Evansville, Ind.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 38
21. Ohio River, Cairo, I11.-Number of Taxa and Individuals
Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 40
22. Kanawha River, London Dam, W. Va.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 43
23. Kanawha River, Winfield Dam, W. Va.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 45
24. Wabash River, New Harmony, Ind.-Number of Taxa and
Individuals Collected from Basket Samplers, 1965 - 1967 48
VI
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INTRODUCTION
Major contributions to our knowledge of aquatic life in large rivers
of North America are few. A main reason for the lack of detailed studies
is the difficulty encountered in obtaining meaningful information on the
communities sampled. Large rivers are formidable due to variable current,
substrates and a host of physical factors that complicate both the collection
of representative organisms and the quantitative determination of their
abundance and distribution.
Information obtained on the aquatic life resources of the main stem
Ohio River includes plankton and fisheries data collected by the U. S.
Public Health Service during a survey of the Ohio River (1942) and the Ohio
River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) (1962). The ORSANCO
report consists mainly of a study of the Ohio River fisheries resources and
includes a study of macroinvertebrates in the Louisville, Ky. vicinity. The
Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh publication,
"Studies on the Aquatic Ecology of the Upper Ohio River System" (1965) presents
detailed information on several aspects of limnology of the upper Ohio River
including fish and algae, but macroinvertebrates are not considered.
The purpose of this study was to gather basic information on the existing
bottom fauna and through continuing studies to observe changes from year to
year due to the water quality. Stations were selected upstream from the major
cities so that characteristics of the bottom fauna would reflect general
environmental conditions rather than specific sources of municipal or in-
dustrial pollution. This also applied to the considerable amount of chemical
and physical data obtained at these stations.
This report summarizes data on the macroinvertebrate communities obtained
by dredge and artificial substrate samples collected at the following stations
during a five year period, 1963-1967; Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa., Toronto
and Addison, Ohio, Huntington, W. Va., Cincinnati, Ohio, Louisville, Ky.,
Evansville, Ind., and Cairo, 111. A station was added at Marietta, Ohio (mid-
way between Toronto and Addison) in 1966. Tributaries sampled include;
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, the Kanawha River at London
and Winfield Dams, W. Va., and the Wabash River at New Harmony, Ind. (Figure 1).
The macroinvertebrate communities sampled were exposed to basically four
types of pollution; toxic, mild organic, moderate organic and heavy organic.
Toxic Pollution - Substances entering a water system which poisons aquatic
life. Acute toxicity usually produces injury or death to organisms within
a relatively short time (24-96 hrs.). Chronic toxicity acts over a longer
period of time in limiting the fauna. A benthic fauna affected by toxicity
usually exhibits little diversity and is unbalanced. Acid mine drainage is
included in this category.
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\ JlMONONGAHELA R.
ALLEGHENY R.
IWABASH R
PITTSBURGH
CINCINNATI
^Sc^^
HUNTINGTON
ADDISON
INFIELD DAM
KANAWHA R
NEW
HARMONY
LONDON DAM
UISVILLE
KY.
EVANSVILLE
CUMBERLAND R.
TENN.
TENNESSEE R.
SCALE IN MILES
FIGURE 1. OHIO BASIN SHOWING MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATIONS
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Organic Pollution
Mild Organic Pollution - Organic substances which may have little or
no toxic effect on the organisms but present in sufficient quantities
to stimulate productivity. A benthic community stimulated by mild
organic pollution may be composed predominatly of pollution-sensitive
and facultative organisms. Some pollution-tolerant species may be
present but not in large numbers.
Moderate Organic Pollution - Organic substances entering a water-system
in sufficient quantities to greatly stimulate productivity of
facultative organisms. Some pollution-sensitive kinds may be present
and pollution-tolerant kinds are prevalent but not dominant.
Heavy (Gross) Organic Pollution - Organic substances entering a water
system in great quantities sufficient to largely alter the aquatic
environment. Pollution-tolerant organisms pervade the bottom
sediments. Severe organic pollution may eliminate even the most
tolerant of organisms.
Adverse effects of toxic, organic and other types of pollution on the
bottom fauna were minimal at most stations since sampling was conducted
immediately upstream from major cities and industrial sites.
Macroinvertebrates generally are assigned to three broad categories
based on their sensitivity to pollution; pollution-sensitive, facultative
and pollution-tolerant. The faunal list under the respective categories in
the Appendix is an attempt to identify certain Ohio River Basin macroinver-
tebrates with the type of environment they most often frequent.
-3-
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GENEML TOPOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY
OF THE OHIO RIVER BASIN
The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and
Monogahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and flows southwesterly for
981 miles until it joins the Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois. Three
major physical divisions characterize the Ohio Basin. Rough hills and
mountains of the Appalachian Highlands prevail in the east, as the river
remains in the Appalachian Plateau for about one third of its length. The
area west of the Appalachian Plateau and north of the Ohio River is composed
mainly of the glaciated area of the Interior Plains (an area of gently
sloping lowlands). Finally, to the south and west, the river basin is
composed predominately of the low hills of the interior plateaus and is
entirely unglaciated.
Most of the geological formations in the Ohio River Basin belong to
the Paleozoic group, with limestone and shale being the common bedrocks.
Formations in a small part of the area near the mouth of the Ohio River
belong to the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. The coal bearing
formations of the Pennsylvania period occur in the eastern part of the basin
and to a lesser extent in the western portion in Illinois, Indiana, and
Kentucky.
The northern section of the watershed is overlain with glacial drift,
resulting in the deep and fertile soils in the western portion of the basin.
In the Appalachian highlands the soil is light and sandy, while in the south
central region it is alluvial, consisting of a mixture of rich loam and clay.
The bottom substrate of the Ohio River is mainly sand and gravel or clay
overlain with silt and/or organic detritus. Each section of the river has
various combinations of these bottom types. In the upper Ohio River, many
bottom deposits are covered by an oily muck with small coal particles inter-
spersed with sand and gravel. The middle Ohio River bottom substrate is
predominately a pasty clay overlain with sand, rubble, or fine leaf detritus.
The bottom of the lower section of the river (below Louisville) is mud over-
lain with different grades of sand and leaf detritus.
-4-
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METHODS
In 1963-64, the primary sampling devices used were 100 sq. in. Petersen
and 36 sq. in. Ekman dredges. The samples provided valuable baseline data,
a knowledge of bottom types, and some information on macroinvertebrate
distribution. However, few aquatic insect larvae were collected in the
dredgings, so, in 1964 a rock-filled artificial substrate was designed and
constructed for the purpose of collecting a greater diversity of fauna. The
primary advantage of the artificial substrate is the control of some physical
factors which is necessary for collecting a variety of stream invertebrates.
The original construction of the rock-filled sampler was cubical in
shape (Henson, 1965). The original hand-made, cubical frame type was re-
placed by a cylindrical barbecue basket (Figures 2 § 3) measuring seven
inches in diameter and 11 inches in length which was more corrosion resistant
and could be purchased (Mason, et al. 1967, and Anderson and Mason, 1968). It
was filled with approximately 30, two-inch minimum and three-inch maximum
diameter limestone rocks weighing about 17 Ibs. The sampler was suspended
by 1/8 - inch steel wire cable for a six-weeks' sampling period at a depth of
five feet from the water's surface. The cable was passed through the lon-
gitudinal axis of the sampler and secured with a Nicopress^ sleeve.
In most cases the baskets were maintained at a constant depth of 5 feet
from the water's surface by supporting them with polyurethane-filled five
gallon can floats or by suspending them from floating boat docks. Baskets
were also attached to the outer upstream guardwall of locks where the water
level fluctuated only slightly.
At the time of collection the baskets were carefully brought to the
surface to avoid dislodging organisms from the sampler. The rocks were
emptied into a tub partially filled with water and each rock brushed to
remove organisms. The organisms were separated from the water and sediment
with a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve (0.59 mm mesh openings), transferred to
collecting jars, and preserved in a 70% ethanol with 200 mg/1 rose bengal
stain. During transportation to the laboratory the animal tissue stains red
which facilitates sorting (Mason § Yevich, 1967). Macroinvertebrates collected
from baskets were recorded as numbers/sampler. Tests were conducted at
RB 100 Tumble Basket manufactured by the Hewitt Home Products Company,
National City, California, is no longer available but a substitute, Model
2911 Chicken Basket, can be obtained from Androck, Inc., 28 Union St.,
Worcester, Mass. 01608
2
Nicopress Sleeve Tool, National Telephone Supply Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
Mention of commercial products or trade names does not constitute endorsement
by the Environmental Protection Agency.
-5-
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FIGURE 2. BASKET SAMPLER EMPTY
FIGURE 3. BASKET SAMPLER READY FOR INSTALLATION
-6-
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Louisville in 1967 and Cincinnati in 1968 to determine if organisms were
lost during retrieval. Nets and buckets with screened openings were held
around the samplers, but no significant loss was noted.
All of the dredge samples were strained through a U.S. Standard No. 30
sieve and the separated organisms preserved in 70% ethanol and rose bengal
stain. In the laboratory the organisms were rinsed in a U.S. Standard No. 40
sieve and sorted by hand under low magnification, identified, and counted.
No less than three replicate dredgings were taken to calculate numbers/sq. ft.
The same level of identification for each major taxonomic category was
uniform throughout the study. For example, most insect larvae were identified
to genus and species, whereas worms were differentiated as oligochaetes,
flatworms and nematodes. The relative proportion of pollution-sensitive,
facultative and pollution-tolerant taxa to the total macroinvertebrate
community, and physical and chemical data were considered in evaluating water
quality at the respective stations.
The Ohio river mileage numbering system begins with zero at the con-
fluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The river banks were designated right and left facing upstream.
Table I shows the intensity of sampling at 14 stations in the Ohio River
Basin. During 1963, a total of 234 dredge samples were collected. In 1964
sampling was restricted to Cincinnati, Ohio, Louisville, Kentucky and Cairo,
Illinois. However, from 1965 through 1967 a dredge series was collected at
most stations. A total of 58 artificial substrate samples was collected in
1965, 45 in 1966, and 39 in 1967. Dredge sampling during the latter two
years consisted of three replicates near both banks during one trip in August
or September.
Unless otherwise stated the physical and chemical data in Tables III and
IV were recorded as follows: Flow, daily readings in cubic feet per seconds
(cfs); temperature, daily readings in degrees centigrade (°C) between 6:00
AM and 12:00 PM; dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity (Alk.), total
dissolved solids (TDS) expressed in mg/1, turbidity units and pH were recorded
weekly. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values were recorded for some stations,
The Appendix contains: glossary of terms; pollutional classification
of Ohio River macroinvertebrates; summaries of macroinvertebrate data and
physical and chemical data.
-7-
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TABLE I.
OHIO RIVER BASIN SURVEILLANCE STATIONS 1963-1967
Number of Dredge § Basket Samples
1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
Station (River Mile)
DBDBDBDBDB
OHIO RIVER
Pittsburgh, Pa. (9)
Sand, Coal fines, oily sludge
Toronto, Ohio (58)
Sand, rubble, gravel
Marietta, Ohio (168)
Sand, gravel, localized silt
Addison, Ohio (260)
Sand, loose gravel, silt
Huntington, W. Va. (301)
Sand, silt, organic detritus
Cincinnati, Ohio (463)
Sand, gravel, localized clay
Louisville, Ky. (600)
Sand, gravel, silt
Evansville, Ind. (787)
Predominately sand
Cairo, Illinois (980)
Sand, rubble, mud, silt
ALLEGHENY RIVER
Pittsburgh, Pa. (8)
Sand, gravel, rubble
MONONGAHELA RIVER
Pittsburgh, Pa. (5)
Sludge, oil residues, etc.
KANAWHA RIVER
Winfield Dam, W. Va. (31)
Organic detritus, coal fines
London, W. Va. (83)
Sand, gravel, rubble, silt
WABASH RIVER
New Harmony, Ind. (52)
Sand, silt, organic detritus
2 326363
8 2632
363
24 3 3 12 2 6 2
22 6 3 12 3 6 3
24 18 6 8 15 4 6 9 3
54 18 6 10 6 3 6 3
21 436363
12 6 356362
21 226263
3 326463
23 136363
363
20 286463
TOTALS
D = Petersen or Ekman Dredges
B = Basket Sampler
234 0 42 6 41 58 82 45 81 39
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DISCUSSION
ALLEGHENY RIVER - PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA (MILE 8.0)
Sampling at the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Allegheny River station was
initiated in the spring of 1963 with a series of Ekman dredge samples taken
just upriver from the Aspenwall water intake tower. Another series of six
dredgings was collected from the same location in August and again in
November. No bottom samples were obtained in 1964. In 1965 both basket and
dredge samples were collected. Due to vandalism and the problem of main-
taining the sampler at the water intake structure, the sampling location was
moved to Lock and Dam #2 in 1966. Basket samples were collected in June and
August and a dredge series in August. Basket samples were collected during
three different sampling periods in 1967 (Figure 4).
The bottom near the left (north) bank was mostly sand and gravel, gravel
and cobble at midstream, and muck on the right (south) bank. Bits of leaves
and coal fines were present in most samples.
Table III (Appendix A-51) shows that during the summer months the minimum
DO value recorded was 6.6 mg/1 in 1966 and the mean monthly value (3 months)
was 7.3 mg/1. A pH of 5.0 was recorded in August, 1966 and the mean pH over
the five year period during summer was 6.8. The maximum temperature in July,
1966 was 31°C and the mean temperature declined approximately 5°C from July
to September (weekly readings).
Over the five years, the yearly mean DO values usually were above 10 mg/1,
the maximum 14.9 mg/1, and the minimum value of 6.6 mg/1 in 1966 (Table IV,
Appendix A-55)). The pH averaged 6.8, but a low of 3.7 was reported in 1962.
The water temperature ranged between a minimum of 0°C and a maximum of 31.7°C.
The mean 5-day BOD was 1.4 mg/1 and the maximum BOD recorded was 2.4 mg/1 in
March, 1963 (Sources of data: STORET and USPHS-WPSS Annual Compilation of Data)
The benthic fauna collected by dredge consisted mostly of pollution-
tolerant bloodworms, Chironomus ripariuSj Proaladius sp., and tubificid worms.
A few facultative caddisfly larvae Cyrmellus fraternns and mayflies Stenonema
occurred in the baskets. Of the seven species of midges collected from the
baskets, Psectroeladius and Parachironomus aboTti-Vus? accounted for over half
of the individuals.
The majority of species collected from the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh
are tolerant to a wide range of environmental factors. The physical and
chemical measurements suggest that the water should support a larger benthic
fauna than was present. The meager number of individuals and almost complete
absence of mayflies and certain midges suggest that the benthic fauna in the
lower reach of the Allegheny River was subjected to toxicity.
-9-
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1967
10
0
180
1966
II
1965
10-
100--
21 ' ' 38
89
60
10-
0
100
6/7/66
ZEII OIGANISMS |
D
78
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
FIGURE 4. ALLEGHENY RIVER, PITTSBURGH, PA.-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-10-
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MONONGAHELA RIVER - PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA (MILE 4.5-11.5)
The upper reach and tributaries of the Monongahela River received acid
mine drainage and the lower reach transported industrial wastes. Oil and
tar-like deposits covered the bottom in the lower reach. As many as six
industrial outfalls were observed in 300 yds of river. The water was so
corrosive that chromium-plated baskets deteriorated in six weeks, whereas
baskets in the middle reach of the Ohio River lasted for nine months.
Chemical data for the Monongahela River is very limited. One DO value
recorded in September, 1963 was 0.0 mg/1 (Table III, Appendix A-45). Maximum
temperatures of 32°C were recorded in July, 1963, 1965, and September, 1964,
and 32.8°C in August, 1966. Many macroinvertebrates are adversly affected
by sustained temperatures over 30°C and most insect larvae will not undergo
moulting to pupal and adult stages at higher temperatures. Low pH also
severely limits macroinvertebrate life. Values under 5.0 frequently were
recorded.
Benthic sampling in 1963 consisted of two series of Petersen dredge
samples collected in May and November near Beck's Run. Only one sample in
the series contained organisms (a few worms). The 1965 and 1966 dredge
samples also were void of organisms except for worms. Two artificial sub-
strate basket samples were obtained in 1965 at Beck's Run, South Pittsburgh
water intake (Figure 5). The combined fauna included one midge, one
caddisfly and thousands of worms. In 1966, four samples were collected from
basket samplers at Lock and Dam #2 (river mile 11.5, Braddock, Pennsylvania).
Most of the organisms were coated with iron deposits. All of the 1966
collections from basket samplers at the Lock and Dam contained damselflies,
either Enallagma or Ischnura. Five species of midges were also collected,
the most common; Cricotopus bioinctus gr. , C. exilis gr. , C. trifasoiatus gr. ,
and Polypedilwn ophioides? These midges generally are tolerant of polluted
waters and low pH (Paine and Gaufin, 1956; and Curry, 1965). The 1967 dredge
samples contained not more than four taxa including the bloodworm Chironomus
ripapius} the sewage fly Psyohoda^ the dragonfly nymph Plathemia and worms.
Industrial and acid mine drainage pollution eliminated most benthic organisms
from the lower reach of the Monongahela River.
-11-
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100
1967
10
0
3
^^k
i 1
6
3
^i
c
8
STATION AT MILE 11.5
LOCK AND DAM
1966
STATION AT MILE 11.5
LOCK AND DAM
10-
0
100-
»
5
n
14
10 +
0
1965
STATION AT MILE 4.5
BECK'S RUN
100
1000
JULY AUGUST SEPT.
OCT.
NOV.
DEC.
FIGURE 5. MONONGAHELA RIVER, PITTSBURGH, PA.-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-12-
-------
OHIO RIVER - PITTSBURGH (MILE 6.2-9.2)
Bottom sampling in the Ohio River near Pittsburgh was initiated in
November, 1963 with two Petersen dredge samples collected at the upstream
end of Davis Island, 4.5 miles downstream from the confluence of the
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers.
In 1963 Petersen dredge samples were collected in late September at
mile 9.2 at Lock and Dam #2 near the bank. The artificial substrate samplers
were located at mile 9.2 near the University of Pittsburgh Public Health
Research Laboratory on Neville Island. In 1966 the basket sampler was moved
upstream to the Emsworth Lock and Dam (mile 6.2). Three samples were collected
from the sampler during the summer at six-week intervals (Figure 6). A series
of six Petersen dredge samples was taken at the downstream end of Neville
Island.
During an ORSANCO (1962) survey July 25, 1959 a DO of 1.7 mg/1 was
recorded at Neville Island. There are no records of chemical and physical
data for this station for 1963. In 1965, the minimum DO recorded at Neville
Island was 5.2 mg/1, in September (Table III) the minimum pH was 4.0 in 1965
and 5.5 in 1966 (Table IV).
The bottom muck and water were oily. Tubificid worms comprised about
90% of the macroinvertebrate fauna in the dredge samples (Figure 7). Also
occurring regularly was the phantom midge, Chaoborus sp.
Pollution-tolerant worms and Turbellaria comprised over 75% of the artificial
substrate fauna in 1965 (Figure 8). As was the case in the Allegheny River, the
dredge and basket samples were composed predominately of worms and midges. The
most abundant midges were; Parachironoimf; abort'lvus, and Cricotopus spp.
Leeches and the amphipod Crangonyx pseudograoilis were present in the 1967
artificial substrate samples and oligochaetes averaged 6,000/basket. Figure 9
shows that the number of taxa collected in 1967 was greater than in 1965 or
1966. The increase was due mainly to greater diversity of midges (See
Appendix A-12).
There were more taxa collected at Neville Island than at the Monongahela
River station but fewer than were collected at the Allegheny River station. The
scarce benthic population at mile 9.2 and 6.2 indicates that the pollution
originating in and upstream from Pittsburgh on the Allegheny and Monongahela
Rivers prevented the growth of a diverse benthic fauna.
-13-
-------
1967
10-
100--
MILE 6.2
3,796
13,912
10--
2
n n
0
100->LJ
100
1300
1
p^
n
52
MILE 6.2
2
m
263
1965
10t
0
100-
MILE 9.2
-4
23
58
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
FIGURE 6. OHIO RIVER NEAR PITTSBURGH, PA.-NUMBER OF TAXA AMD INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-------
Z1J/ -ON AV
-15-
-------
^^^y£Ws\^^
« £ E - S
U e K **- C»
tH
Litl
11(1
SIJI
Lttl
litl
5UI
Lttl ±
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SStl o
ISSI
Sltl =
mi =
Lttl
tttl
Sttl
Lttl
tttl
cx»
Lttl
tttl
tttl
Lttl
tttl
tttl
lilt
tttl
Sltl
ON AV
-16-
-------
ON
19(1
99(1
S9CI
Ml
9961
S9tl
1961
99(1
S961
i95t «
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9561 = ^
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99CI £
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S9iL =
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!9tl
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VXV1 1*101
-17-
-------
OHIO RIVER - TORONTO, OHIO (MILE 57.5)
Petersen dredge samples were collected both during the summer and
winter of 1963. Two baskets were collected in 1965 and three each in
1966 and 1967 at the Edison power plant (Figure 10). In August, 1966
a series of six dredge samples was taken just downstream from the power plant
(left bank). The bottom on both sides of the river consists of coarse sand
and leaf detritus, and clay and sand at midstream.
The mean summer temperature at Toronto was approximately 26°C during
1963 and 1964 (Table III). However, a maximum of 29.0°C was recorded during
the summer of 1966 (Table IV). A maximum pH of 7.6 occurred in 1967 and
the minimum value recorded was 4.0 in 1964 and 1967. The mean turbidity was
approximately 30 turbidity units. No DO data were available for Toronto. The
mean flow was approximately 6,000 cfs during the summers of 1963-64, but was
only 4,400 cfs in 1966.
Organic detritus in the Toronto dredge samples was coated with a black
tar-like substance and coal fines. Rocks in the basket samplers also were
covered with these deposits.
The most abundant organisms in the dredge samples were pollution-tolerant
oligochaetes and midges. Representative midges were; Chironomus riparius gr.,
Dicrotendipes incurvus gr. , and Prooladius sp. , the latter being most abundant.
The artificial substrates yielded only a few Cyrmellus fraternus caddis-
flies in 1966; oligochaetes (Nais communis and Dero sp.); and the midges
PsectTocladlus sp., Cr*icotopus spp., and Dicrotendipes sp. were common. A few
crayfish Ovaoneates propinquus and amphipod Crangonyx were collected. No
pollution-sensitive stoneflies or mayflies were recorded in any sample.
The number of oligochaetes were fewer by 30% as compared to the Pittsburgh
station 50 miles upstream (Figure 11). However, oligochaetes still comprised
63% of the macroinvertebrates collected at the station. The average number of
individuals/basket sampler increased from nine in 1965 to approximately 280
in 1966 (mostly worms and midges). The total taxa increased from 7 in 1965 to
19 in 1966 and 15 in 1967. Inspection of the data (Appendix A-14) reveals that
the 1965 collections were taken late in the year after peak insect emergences
which undoubtedly accounted for the sparse collections.
The greater diversity at Toronto as compared with samples from the
Pittsburgh vicinity indicated general improvement of water quality as related
to the benthic fauna. However, over a period of years wastes accumulated on
the bottom substrate permitted only the more tolerant organisms to survive.
-18-
-------
1967
10
0
100
7
D
29
6
33
II
D
oo
10
100 -
4II
1966
10
I
206
10
i_
I89
1965
10
0
oo -
6
2
BH ^H
'if 6
JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT.
NOV.
DEC.
FIGURE 10. OHIO RIVER, TORONTO, OHIO-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 19(5-1987
-19-
-------
*"
-20-
-------
OHIO RIVER - MARIETTA, OHIO (MILE 167.5)
Basket samplers were installed in late April of 1966 on the outer guard
wall of Lock and Dam #17, left bank. This location is about four miles up-
stream from the city of Marietta, Ohio. The general topography is flat,
although there are a few low, rolling hills present on the Ohio side. Both
banks are very sandy and heavily wooded. The region is unglaciated and is
underlain by limestone and shale.
Chemical and physical data were not available for this reach of the
river.
Three 1966 basket collections at this station were rather unusual in
that 75% of the fauna collected were Turbellaria (Figure 11). The flatworms,
as a group, are tolerant of organic pollution but it cannot be assumed that
their presence necessarily indicates man-made pollution and may reflect the
occurrence of allochthonous organic matter such as decaying leaves. The most
numerous macroinvertebrates; caddisfly larva Cyrnellus fratemus, the midges
Abldbesmyia phamphe, Pseotrocladius sp., Diarotendipes nervosus occurring at
Marietta are facultative and can be found living in a wide range of environ-
mental conditions. However, some taxa present Chironomus riparius gr. ,
Glyptotendipes amplus? and the snail Phi/so, are pollution-tolerant and are
favored by organic enrichment. Pollution-tolerant organisms, however, were not
abundant.
Mayflies were not present in any samples from the Pittsburgh vicinity of
the Ohio River and Marietta, Ohio during the course of the study.
Bottom organisms in August, 1967 consisted of nematodes, caddis flies,
oligochaetes, midges and asiatic clams. This was the farthest upstream
collection of the asiatic clam Corbicula. The neuropteran Sial-is, dragonfly
Gomphus vastus, and Cyrnellus fraternus caddisfly averaged less than one/sq.
ft.
Figure 12 shows that a more diverse fauna was present in the October,
1967 basket than in previous collections. In 1967 chironomid larvae accounted
for nearly one-half of the total variety (26 taxa) and well over half of the
total individuals. The predominant species were Psectvocladius sp., Ablabes-
myia mallochi,, A. rhamphe and Glyptotendipes amplus? Otherwise the species
composition was similar to that of the 1966 baskets.
The total number of taxa at Marietta in 1966 was slightly greater than
the number found at the upstream location at Toronto, Ohio although there were
fewer individuals per sample. Improvement in water quality, if any, was slight
between the Toronto and Marietta stations and the presence of many facultative
and pollution-tolerant taxa is indicative of moderate organic enrichment.
-21-
-------
10--
10-
100"
1967
13
10
8
-fl-
55
I-
100+ - 57
1966
II
1965
10 +
NO SAMPLES
0
113
244
a 100
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC
FIGURE 12. OHIO RIVER, MARIETTA,OHIO-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-22-
-------
OHIO RIVER - ADDISON, OHIO (MILE 260.0)
Dredge samples were collected near the Kyger Creek power plant in
May, July, and November, 1963, July, 1965 and 1966 and August, 1967. Basket
samplers were serviced in September and November, 1965, 1966, and August
and October, 1967 (Figure 13). Basket-float units were used at the station
because of water level fluctuations and were attached to wooden pilings
directly across from the hydroelectric plant on the right bank.
Physical data (Tables III and IV) show the mean temperature was 26°C in
July and August but dropped to 23°C by September. The mean DO during the
summer was approximately 6.0 mg/1 and the minimum value recorded was 4.8 mg/1
in September, 1964. The mean pH was 7.2. The maximum TDS value each year
was consistently higher than for the other stations.
Chaoborus punctipenn-is, a facultative dipterous species, was collected
at Addison. Oligochaetes, mainly Tubificidae, were the most abundant
organisms in the 1963, 1966, and 1967 dredge samples averaging 100/sq. ft.
Larval midges consistently collected in the dredge samples were carnivorous;
Proaladius sp., Coelotanypus sp., and Cryptochironomus digitatus gr. Many
individuals had partially consumed worms in their mouths.
The most abundant macroinvertebrates collected by artificial substrate
were facultative Chironomidae; Ablabesmyia vharnphe, Psectroaladius sp., and
Di-orotendipes nervosus. Stenonema mayfly nymphs were collected in the
September, 1965 and October, 1967 baskets, the farthest upstream record for
mayflies during the study. Also occurring were; the damselfly Argia, caddisfly
Cynellus fraternws and coelenterate Copdylophora laaustris. Except for the
presence of mayflies, the faunal composition at Addison was similar to that
at Marietta. The limited sampling at Marietta only during 1966-67 does not
allow detailed comparisons between the two stations.
The size and diversity of the Addison fauna appears to be restricted
compared to communities downstream. The scarcity of pollution-sensitive may-
flies, caddis flies, and complete absence of stoneflies even during winter
suggest that upstream sources of toxic substances exerted a subtle
limiting effect on the populations. The abundance of facultative taxa, like
the fauna at Marietta, suggests the presence of organic matter.
-23-
-------
10 +
0
100 -
1967
13
118
165
10--
100--
1966
10
Q
100-
»
a
243
JULY AUGUST SEPT.
OCT.
II
126
NOV.
DEC.
FIGURE 13. OHIO RIVER, ADDISON, OHIO-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-24-
-------
OHIO RIVER - HUNTINGTON, WEST VIRGINIA (MILE 301.4)
In 1963, twenty-two dredge samples were taken in the vicinity of the
Huntington municipal water intake near both banks and at mid-river. No
sampling was conducted in 1964, but a series was collected in 1966 and 1967.
Basket samplers were installed on a concrete pier of old Lock #27 and three,
six-week collections were taken in 1965. In 1966 and 1967 the artificial
substrates were collected at the Glenbrier Yacht Club floating dock one-half
mile upstream from old Lock #27,right bank. The exposure periods and dates
of installation were dissimilar during the three years (Figure 14).
The yearly mean DO values for 1963-65 and August, 1963^ and 1965 values were
lower than at the other main stem Ohio River stations (Figures 15 and 16).
The Kanawha River (discussed in detail later) transports municipal,
industrial and other wastes and enters the Ohio River approximately 35 miles
upstream from Huntington.
The most abundant benthic organisms collected by dredge were pollution-
tolerant and facultative oligochaetes and midge larvae as was the case at
most of the stations upriver. However, in contrast to the populations up-
stream, ,the numbers were more equally distributed within the taxa represented.
Insect larvae of facultative and pollution-sensitive mayflies, caddisflies,
and certain midges were present in some dredge samples (Figure 7). The
dominant midges in the dredgings were; Tanypodinae (Coelotanypus3 Procladius,
and Abldbesmyia), Crypto ch-ironomits digitatus gr., and Polypedilvan halterale.
A diverse molluscan fauna included the snails Gyraulus, Somatogyrus, and
Campeloma, and the clams Corbioula, Anadonta, and Leptodea.
The basket samples contained a more diverse fauna than at the stations
upstream (Figure 9) and a considerably greater number of individuals
(Figure 8). Oligochaetes were almost entirely lacking in the samples. The
most abundant organisms were caddisflies (mostly Cymellus fratemus) and
midge larvae (D-iorotendipes nervosus and Ablabesrrryia r>hamphe). In addition,
the mayfly Stenonema (3 spp.), the damselfly Argi,a, mollusks, and the coe-
lenterate Cordylophora were commonly found in the baskets. Fifteen taxa
were recorded in the 1965 basket collections, 21 in 1966, and 25 in 1967.
The stonefly Acroneuz"ia arida, and several mayflies includingCaenis, Tricory-
thodes and Stenonema spp. were present in the July,1967 sample. Stoneflies
and mayflies, as groups, generally are considered pollution-sensitive. How-
ever, the taxa mentioned above are tolerant to a wide range of environmental
conditions and inhabit water with organic enrichment if sufficient dissolved
oxygen is available.
The macroinvertebrate fauna at Huntington appeared to be stimulated by
moderate organic pollution from upstream,presumably from the Kanawha River,
and the overall effect was to increase the abundance and diversity of beritnic
fauna compared with upstream stations.
-25-
-------
1967
16
10
0
100
100"
d
306
1966
40
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT.
93
NOV.
DEC
FIGURE 14. OHIO RIVER, HUNTINGTON, W.VA.-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-26-
-------
20T
o
o
10--
^ 10 T
C0
5--
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
5-DAY BOD
2IIT
111--
1965
1984 --
1963 -
RIVER MILE I
STATION
210
411
soo
800
1000
FIGURE 15. YEARLY MEAN TEMPERATURE, DO, BOD, AND TURBIDITY DURING 19S3, 1964,
AND 1965 OHIO RIVER STATIONS
-27-
-------
1953
1965
31
UJ 10-
15'
10
5
TEMPERATURE °C.
DISSOLVEI OXYGEN |m(/l|
R. MILE 0 100
200
, 300
I I
400
500
BOO 700 ,800 900 .1000
FIGURE 16. MEAN TEMPERATURE, DO, AND pH FOR OHIO RIVER STATIONS,
A1GIST, 1963 AND 1965
-28-
-------
OHIO RIVER - CINCINNATI, OHIO (MILE 462.8)
In May, 1963 two series of six Petersen dredge samples were collected
at midstream and near the right bank at the Cincinnati Water Works intake.
In August, 1963 and 1964 other series were collected near the right shore
and at midstream. Dredge sampling in 1965, 1966 and 1967 consisted of
series taken one-half mile .unstream from the water intake.
In 1965, five basket samples were collected in June, July, August,
October and November. These samples provided extremely valuable information
on periods of abundance of various species occurring at Cincinnati. In
1966, five samples were collected in four months; July, September, October
and November and in 1967 three samples were collected in July, September and
October.
The monthly mean summer water temperature at Cincinnati during 1963-67 was
approximately 26°C and the maximum temperature recorded was 29.4°C in
August, 1964. The mean pH was 7.3, and DO values ranged from a low of 2.6
mg/1 in August, 1963 to a high of 8.4 mg/1 in August, 1966. However, the
mean monthly DO averaged 6.5 mg/1 during the summer months (Table III).
Dredge samples collected during the five-year period from the sand and
gravel bottom contained mostly midge larvae numbering 5 to 22/sq. ft.
ProcladiuSj Coelotanypus , Cryptochironomus, and Polyped-ilwn spp. were the
most numerous. The bloodworm Chivonomus attenuates occurred sparingly in
the 1963, 1964, and 1966 dredgings. Oligochaetes, mostly Naididae, numbered
16 to 196/sq. ft.
The distribution of clams in the Cincinnati reach of the river was most
interesting. In 1962 exploratory dredge series in mid-channel contained 56
Copbioula/sq. ft. Sampling the same bottom in 1963 revealed mostly broken shells;
few of the clams of the 1962 population were alive. Dredge samples near the
right bank from 1964 to 1967 also contained few CorbicuZa. Reasons for the
demise of the population probably relate to the extremely cold winter of 1962-63
and change in river habitat due to operation of the newly constructed Markland
Lock and Dam at Warsaw, Kentucky.
On May 16, 1967, a barge broke loose and lodged in the gate at Markland
Dam, requiring lowering of the river stage in the Cincinnati pool. Prior to
this date the river level had not stabilized due to spring rains. The left
bank (north) at each of two locations upstream and three downstream from
Cincinnati was walked for one-quarter mile. The exposed 10 ft. of bank up-
stream from Cincinnati revealed 10 species of live clams and shells of 4 other
species. (Table II). Two species of live clams were present six miles below
Mill Creek, which transports a heavy organic and industrial load from the
City of Cincinnati. Clams were not found 10 miles below Mill Creek. Three
species of live clams were found 1.5 miles further downstream. Very few of
the species visually observed were collected by the use of dredges during the
study.
-29-
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The basket collections were characterized by a large number of
facultative midges; Diorotendlpes nervosns, Psectrooladius, and Abldbesmyia
rhamphe. The caddisflies Cyrnellus fratemus, Eydroptila, Leptocella, and
Chewnatopsyche also were recorded. Common mayflies were; Stenonema inter-
punGtatwn, S. integriMn Caen-is, and Tricorythodes. The stonefly Taeni-op-
teryx nival-is was found only in November samples. This is the normal period
of growth and activity for Taenioptevyx as indicated by Prison (1935).
Other stoneflies were recorded mostly in late fall and early winter at
several other Ohio River basin stations.
The damselfly Apg-ia apicalis occurred regularly in the baskets. How-
ever, odonates are quite mobile and their occurrence in relation to
pollutional effects is difficult to evaluate.
Cyrnellus frate wins was one of the most abundant caddisflies in Ohio
River Basin basket samplers. The peak abundance of this caddisfly during
the summer of 1965 was progressively later from northeast to southwest
[Figure 17). At Cincinnati and Louisville the peak occurred in late July
and early August whereas at Evansville and the Wabash River at New Harmony,
250 miles west, the peak occurred in late September. Information on peak
abundances of predominant species over a period of years is invaluable for
evaluating abnormal responses of populations caused by pollution.
The greatest diversity in any one artificial substrate was 19 taxa in
the September, 1967 basket (Figure 18). The total taxa from all baskets
was 15 in 1964, 19 in 1965, 23 in 1966 and 24 in 1967. The majority of the
fauna was composed of facultative representatives in few numbers suggesting
slight organic enrichment. The fauna steadily gained in diversity and
number of individuals over the five year period indicating general
improvement in water quality just upstream from Cincinnati.
-31-
-------
900
850
300
250
200
150
100
50
\ 879 SEPT. 28
\
\
\
\
\
OHIO RIVER STATIONS
\
\
CINCINNATI,
OHIO
LOUISVILLE, KY.
\ EVANSVILLE, IND.
\
^, V
\ ..
\
\
\
JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. MOV. DEC.
FIGURE 17. NUMBERS OF CADDISFLY LARVAE, Cyrnellus fraternus, IN BASKET SAMPLERS
AT OHIO RIVER BASIN STATIONS DURING 1965
-32-
-------
1967
10 +
0
1004-
10-
100-
10
0
100
55
559
1966
10
322
1965
8
-I
72
16
94
78
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
FIGURE 18. OHIO RIVER, CINCINNATI, OHIO-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-33-
-------
OHIO RIVER - LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY (MILE 600.5)
The Louisville station was located upstream from industrial and
municipal sources of pollution although several small creeks upstream
from the station contributed allochthonous organic matter.
Dredge sampling at Louisville in 1963 consisted of two series collected
in May and August. Six samples each were taken from the left (north) bank,
midstream, and the right (south) bank near the Louisville Water intake
structure. Dredge sampling in August, 1964 consisted of a series taken
near both banks and mid-channel. In 1965, 1966 and 1967, the dredge series
consisted of three samples each near the left and right banks. Four
basket collections were taken during June, August, September and November,
1965 and three during each of the years, 1966 and 1967 (Figure 19).
The DO monthly means during the summer ranged from 7.2-8.4 mg/1 in
1963, 6.2-7.3 in 1964, 4.4-6.2 in 1965, 3.8-4.9 in 1966, and 3.8-4.4 in
1967 (Table III). The maximum temperature was 30.0°C in August, 1964.
The minimum pH was 7.1 in September, 1964.
The series of dredge samples collected near both banks (soft mud and
sand) and mid-channel (sand) in May and August, 1963 and August, 1964 were
almost identical in composition and contained the midge larvae; Coelotanypus
and Procladius; the clams Corbicula, Lamps-ilis and Sphaerium; and oligochaetes
(mostly Tubificidae). Samples from the left bank generally contained a
greater number of individuals and diversity (worms, midges and mollusks)
than those from the sandy right bank. Facultative Cryptochironomus digitatus
gr. and pollution-tolerant Chiponomus attenuatus (midges) were collected only
from the left bank. The phantom midge Chaoborus punotipennis was prevalent
in the 1964 samples. Dredge samples from the right bank in 1964 contained
midge larvae Procladius and Cryptoehiponomus averaging 28/sq. ft. Several
mollusks were also collected, including the pelecypods Corbiaula, P'Ls-idium
and Sphaei>ium and the gastropods Campeloma sp., PleuroceTa sp., Physa sp.,
and Gypaulus sp.. Oligochaetes averaged less than 100/sq. ft. The 1965
and 1966 dredge samples showed little deviation from those in 1963 and 1964
except that oligochaetes increased to approximately 300/sq. ft.
A dramatic increase in the number of pollution-tolerant oligochaetes
occurred in the July, 1966 dredge series (Figure 7). The combined taxa in
1967 was 24, the largest diversity taken by dredge series at any Ohio River
station during the five-year study. Of the total, nine taxa were midges,
two were caddisflies, three were damselflies, and four were mollusks.
(Appendix A-25).
Thirty different taxa appeared in four artificial substrate collections
at Louisville in 1965. Fourteen species of midge larvae and pollution-
sensitive caddisflies Athripsodes and Agvaylea were present. Facultative
organisms; caddisfly, Cymellus fratemus and mayflies Stenonema spp. also
were very abundant. Coibioula and Turbellaria were present in nearly every
sample. In 1966, 20 taxa were collected including two stoneflies, Taeni-opteryx
nivalis and AGroneuria sp. and three samples in 1967 contained a total of
28 taxa (Appendix A-27). Changes in the bottom fauna durine the five year
period reflect increasing enrichment.
-34-
-------
1967
1966
100 -
10
I
31
1965
10-
100
13
17
62
13
297
10
a
370
31
109
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC
FIGURE 19. OHIO RIVER, LOUISVILLE, KY-NUMBER OF TAX* AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-35-
-------
OHIO RIVER - EVANSVILLE, INDIANA (MILE 787,5)
The city of Evansville is located on the outer side of a large horse-
shoe bend in the river. In May and August, 1963, a series of six Petersen
dredge samples was collected at Highway 41 bridge (mile 787.5) five miles
upstream from Evansville. There were no samples in 1964. Two samples were
collected under the bridge near the left bank in June, 1965. In August, 1966
and September, 1967, samples were collected near the left bank four miles
downstream from the bridge. Few dredgings were taken near the right bank
because of an extensive and shallow sand bar.
Artificial substrate sampling at the Evansville station was initiated
in August of 1965 with samples collected in September, November and December.
The basket sampler was attached to the downstream end of the Evansville Boat
Club dock located on the left bank next to Highway 41 bridge. Basket samples
were collected in July, August and November of 1966, and June, September and
October of 1967 at the same location. High water in this reach of the Ohio
River usually prevented the installation of basket samplers until late July.
Chemical and Physical data for 1963-1965 (Table IV, Figure 15) show that
the mean temperature, DO, BOD, pH and turbidity values increased at Evansville
as compared to the upstream stations. Table III presents the data in greater
detail for the summer months. The mean summer temperatures were approximately
28°C for July and August, and 24°C in September. The monthly mean DO, 1963-67,
was 8.0 mg/1, and the measurements ranged from a low of 3.7 in September, 1965
to a high of 10.2 in September, 1964 and July, 1966. The pH ranged from
7.5 to 8.8. The turbidity units ranged from 25 to 440 during the five years.
Midge larvae and oligochaetes were the most abundant macroinvertebrates
collected in the dredge samples. Many of the taxa were the same as collected
at Louisville, including Coelotanypus and Procladius. Organisms from the
sandy bottom included a number of clams, including Leptodea sp. and CoTbioula.
Many Ephemeroptera (Stenonema spp.) were found on rocks along the right
Kentucky bank in June, 1965. The percent composition of macroinvertebrates
in the 1966 dredgings was approximately 50% midge larvae and 50% oligochaetes.
A total of 116 organisms/sq. ft. was collected at Evansville in the August,
1966 dredge samples as compared to 367/sq. ft. for the July samples at
Louisville (Figure 7). The difference was largely due to oligochaetes.
In 1965, a total of 23 taxa was collected from three baskets and the most
abundant organism was the caddisfly Cyrnellus fvatermus. Pollution-sensitive
stoneflies, Isoperla bilineata and Taeinopteryx, were collected only in the
December sample. The dragonfly naiad Neurocordulia occurred in the September
sample. In 1966, the total taxa increased to 29, and in 1967 (Figure 9) a
greater variety of midges, caddisflies and mayflies occurred in the baskets.
The composition of the midge fauna at Evansville changed from predominately
facultative Psectroaladius and Dicrotendipes nervosus in 1965 to pollution-
tolerant Glyptotendipes spp., which arefavored by organic enrichment and slower
stream flow (Appendix A-31J.In 1967, the fauna again was different than the
preceding year. In addition to the change in the midge population, the caddis-
flies Neupeclips-is crepusoularis, Hydrophy dhe orris and Potamyia flava were
-36-
-------
abundant only during 1967. Stenonema were very numerous but other mayflies,
Tricorythodes and Baetis were few in number. The stonefly Isoperla was
collected in the November sample. Figure 20 shows that the diversity as
well as abundance or organisms increased dramatically in the September, 1967
sample. A total of 40 taxa was collected from baskets in 1967, the largest
variety at any one station on the Ohio River.
There was an increasing trend in the abundance and diversity of macro-
invertebrates at Evansville during the years studied (Figures 8 and 9). The
large, diverse populations of midges, caddis flies and mayflies reflect
stimulation by moderate organic enrichment.
-37-
-------
1967
10--
100-
15
18
227
10-
100-
13
a
522
10 +
0
100-
1966
14
Y
5,690
20
a
1,075
1965
a
I72
IS
a
959
a
412
16
84
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
FIGURE 20. OHIO RIVER, EVANSVILLE, IND-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-38-
-------
OHIO RIVER - CAIRO, ILLINOIS (MILE 980.4)
The Cairo, Illinois station was at Highway 60 bridge (River Mile 980.4)
during 1963-65. This station was one-half mile upstream from the confluence
of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, a wide expanse of river. Dredge sampling
in 1963 at Cairo, Illinois consisted of a dredge series in May and August
near the right bank. Also a dredge series from mud and sand bottom at the
bridge was collected July, 1964. No dredge samples were obtained in 1965.
In 1966 the sampling location was moved from the bridge, to Lock and Dam
#53, Grand Chain, Illinois, 18 miles upstream from Cairo. The move was made
to avoid vandalism to the basket samplers and to facilitate retrieval. The
water at Cairo was more corrosive to the baskets and steel cable than at Grand
Chain, but less corrosive than the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh. The water
level fluctuates greatly at Grand Chain even during the summer and therefore
the baskets were suspended on polyurethane-filled, five-galIon cans to
maintain a constant depth. Floating debris and high water continually
caused difficulty in maintaining the samplers at the lock and dam.
The DO values were not sufficiently low to be limiting on the majority
of macroinvertebrates. A low of 4.5 mg/1 was recorded in July, 1965, but
the mean value was 5.6 mg/1. The mean pH was 7.5 The year 1966 was a period
of low flow, with an average of 176,000 cfs while the average for the other
years was 237,000 cfs.
August dredge samples from the series at Highway 60 Bridge in 1963 con-
tained few midges (Coelotanypus and Stenoch'tronomus) and oligochaetes; 3/sq. ft.
and 12/sq. ft., respectively. Corb'lcula numbered 13/sq. ft. in the August
sample. The late July, 1964 series at the same location contained, in addition
to a few midges and oligochaetes, burrowing mayflies Hexagenia limbata? and 17
Corbicula/sq. ft.
Usually few macroinvertebrates were collected in the dredge series
(Appendix A-33). The majority were oligochaetes. In 1967, 13 taxa were found
in 6 samples, five of which were midges, Coelotanypus, Prooladius,
Polypedilim scalaenim, P. halterale^ and Cyptochironomns digitatus gr.
Basket samplers, during three sampling periods in 1965 (Figure 21), con-
tained 13, 10 and 15 taxa, respectively. Facultative caddisflies; Hydropsyche
orris and Potconyia flava; mayflies; Stenonema, Tincorythodes, and Baetis were
predominant. The dragonfly NeiecocoTcdulia occurred in the August and November
samples. In 1966, 16 taxa were obtained at Grand Chain, two thirds of which
were midge and caddisflies. The predominant midge throughout the years
sampled was Polypedilwn illi-noense which prefers sluggish enriched streams.
A total of 23 taxa was collected in the late September and late October, 1967
samples. Most of the species were similar to those listed for 1965-66
(Appendix A-34).
Hydropsychid caddisflies dominated the late September, 1966 basket
collections (Figure 11) and numbered over half of the total individuals. In
1966 only 59 were collected in the October sample. In 1965, 458 larvae were
-39-
-------
1967
10t
0
1004
GRAND CHAIN, ILL.
MILE 962
1966
10
= 100
GRAND CHAIN, ILL.
MILE 962
>< 10
H-
0
5 100
CAIRO, ILL
MILE 980
13
I52
JULY AUGUST SEPT.
OCT.
259
10
NOV.
DEC
FIGURE 21. OHIO RIVER, CAIRO, ILL-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-40-
-------
collected as late as November and 202 in December. During the period of
low flow in 1966, Hydropsychidae were most abundant in July and August.
General periods of abundance for stream insects may vary considerably from
year to year depending on environmental factors.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 11 show that generally the numbers and diversity of
macroinvertebrates were less than those at the Evansville station. Fewer
pollution-sensitive organisms were present. However, in certain respects
elements of the fauna resembled collections at Cincinnati, Louisville and
Evansville.
-41-
-------
OHIO RIVER TRIBUTARIES
KANAWHA RIVER - LONDON, WEST VIRGINIA (MILE 82.6)
The London, West Virginia station, 13 miles above the Charleston
industrial complex, was established in 1966 as a control. The basket
sampler float-unit was attached to the London Lock and Dam upstream outer
guard wall. Samplers were collected in July, September and November. In
1967, Petersen dredge series, three near the left bank and three near the
right, were collected at Glasgow three miles downstream from the dam. Also,
in 1967 three baskets were collected in July, August, and October (Figure 22).
Temperature and flow data are available for 1963, 1966 and 1967. A
limited number of chemical values exists for June through August at mile 74
in 1964 and 1965. These data show the minimum DO was 6.3 mg/1, and the
average monthly value approximately 7 mg/1. The temperature did not exceed
31°C and the minimum pH was 7.1 (Table IV).
The 1967 bottom dredgings contained a mixture of sand and silt. Midge
larvae; Criootopus, Chiponomus s.s., Procladius, Coelotanypus, CryptoohiTonomus,
Pavaaladopelma, Polypedilum, Xenochiponomus, Ablabesmyi-a, and Diarotendipes
sp. accounted for 10 of the 16 taxa collected in the six samples. The presence
of the pollution-associated bloodworm Chironomus attenuatus gr. is indicative of
organic enrichment. The Asiatic clam Corbicula was the most abundant organism
in the dredgings, averaging 95/sq. ft.
The baskets in 1966 contained a total of 33 taxa, half of which were
midge larvae. The fauna contained representatives of the caddis fly Cyrnellus
frateimus, mayflies Tri-oorythodes and Stenonema, odonates Avgia, Enallagma spp.
(damselflies) and Maaromia and lleuTooovdulia (dragonflies), neuropteran Climaaia,,
flatworms, crustaceans, molluscans, bryozoans Plumatella and Umatella graailis
and coelenterates CordylophoTa and Hydr>a. The composition of the fauna in
terms of numbers was quite heavily inclined toward facultative midges (Dicroten-
dipes), amphipods, Turbellaria and gastropods (Gyraulus). Twenty-three taxa
were collected in the July sample, 14 in September, and 9 in November
(Appendix A-38).
The 1967 baskets contained 37 different kinds of macroinvertebrates with
uniform distribution in number of individuals in each taxonomic category.
None of the taxa were outstandingly abundant except for amphipods and Stenonema
mayflies.
The presence of pollution-tolerant bloodworms, Chironomus attenuatus and
Pvooladius, flatworms, pulmonate snails and leeches, in limited numbers, in-
dicates mild to moderate organic enrichment at London, W. Va.
-42-
-------
10
100
101
5 100
1967
20
210
1966
14
35
262
1965
NO DATA
100-
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT.
NOV.
DEC
FIGURE 22. KANAWHA RIVER, LONDON DAM, W. VA-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-------
KANAWHA RIVER-WINFIELD DAM, WEST VIRGINIA (MILE 31.1)
Winfield Dam is located 30 miles below the Charleston, West Virginia
industrial complex. The stream at this station is approximately 200 yards
wide and 20 ft deep. The water is dark brown in appearance. During May,
1963 a series of dredge samples was taken 0.5 mile upstream and downstream
from the lock and dam, and in July and November at the downstream location.
No dredgings were taken in 1964 or 1965. In July, 1966 and August, 1967
dredge samples were collected above the lock and dam near the Winfield Toll
Bridge (Mile 32.2). Three separate basket collections were taken each year
during 1965-67.
The water temperature averaged approximately the same as the nearest
main stem Ohio River station at Addison, Ohio. The maximum values were usually
one to two degrees higher and in 1964 the maximum value was 32.5°C. The
mean monthly DO values were usually below 1 mg/1 during the summer, and
minimum values of 0.0 mg/1 were recorded during most summer months (Table III).
The pH seldom dropped below 6.5 during the summer.
Odors of hydrogen sulfide and other chemicals were noticeable in the
area of the locks. Undecomposed leaves, coal fines, and tar-like deposits
covered the bottom. Quite often the surface water at the dam was black with
coal dust.
Dredge samples upstream and downstream from the lock and dam in May, 1963,
contained less than 100 worms/sq. ft., less than one midge larva/sq. ft.
( Coelotanypus ); and two elmid beetles/sq. ft. The July series contained less
than one midge larva/sq. ft. (Procladius) and 860 worms/sq. ft. The November
series contained only worms, 364/sq. ft. The dredge series in July, 1966
one mile above the dam contained 17 worms/sq. ft., one Chaoborus (phantom
midge larva), and a partially decomposed Stenonema mayfly nymph. The 1967
dredge series contained 7 taxa, mostly represented by a few midges; Procladius3
Chironomus attenuates and Psectvoaladius.
The baskets in three 1965 collections (Figure 23) contained a total of
three taxa or less. Other than worms, one midge and one caddisfly were
present. During 1966, 8 taxa were recorded in the three baskets, and the
greatest numbers were nematodes and worms (totaling 9,700 individuals in the
November 3 sample). The unbalanced population at Winfield Dam contrasted to
the 33 taxa uniformly distributed in composition at London, West Virginia is
dramatic evidence of the pollutional effects from the Charleston complex on
the aquatic life in the river. The nearly complete elimination of all macro-
invertebrates, except for one or two select groups, is a typical response of
macroinvertebrates to gross toxic pollution.
The 1967 basket collections contained a greater total diversity in that
18 taxa were recorded, but most were pollution-tolerant bloodworms (Pr>ooladius,
Diarotendipes incurvus gr. and Chironomus attenuatus). During the summer of
1967 some of the major chemical plants at Charleston were on strike. The
nature and amount of toxic substances entering the river during this period were
-44-
-------
10
0
100
2 10
i
0
5100
10 +
o
100
194
13
1967
3978
1966
1965
1048
147
JULY
AUGUST
OCT.
NOV.
DEC
FIGURE 23. KANAWHA RIVER, WINFIELD DAM, W. VA.-NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-45-
-------
not known, but the greater diversity of macroinvertebrates in the basket
samplers suggested a lessened effect of pollution on the macrofauna during
this period.
The bottom fauna at Pt. Pleasant, West Virginia (mile 1.5) was pre-
dominatly bloodworms, (C. attenuates and Glyptotendipes) and sludgeworms.
The effects of industrial pollution diminished sufficiently at Pt.
Pleasant, West Virginia permitting organisms tolerant to organic pollution
to inhabit the stream.
-46-
-------
WABASH RIVER - NEW HARMONY, INDIANA (MILE 51.5)
During the summer, the Wabash River at New Harmony, Indiana is shallow
(6-12 ft) with numerous sand bars as it winds southward toward the Ohio
River 50 miles away. The river often overflows its bank onto a mile-wide
flood plain during spring floods. The current is variable and localized
deposits of debris are common, forming a multi-substrate bottom.
Petersen dredge samples in series of three were collected near each bank
100 yds below Highway 460 bridge in 1963, 1965, and 1967. No sampling was
conducted in the Wabash River during 1964. In 1966, samples were collected
50 yds above the bridge. The fauna collected in the dredgings showed little
similarity within a series due to the various microhabitats encountered.
Basket samples were collected in August, September, November and December,
1965, July, August, October and November, 1966 and July, September and October,
1967 (Figure 24).
The mean water temperature was 5°C higher in July than September. The
mean TDS was consistently greater (364 mg/1) than at any of the other OBR
stations sampled and reached its highest mean value in 1966, a year of low
flow. The mean pH ranged between 7.5-8.0 during the summers of 1963-66. The
mean alkalinity was 179 mg/1, much higher than at other stations and maximum
values of 250 mg/1 were not uncommon. The yearly mean DO ranged between 9.1
and 11.5 mg/1 (Table IV) for the five years with a minimum record of 4.9 mg/1
in July, 1963.
Moderate worm populations and midge larvae (49 and 14/sq. ft., respec-
tively) were dredged from the muddy bottom in 1963. Midges included Stenoohi-
ronomuSs Cryptoahironomns spp. and Tanypodinae. The mayfly Caen-is and burrow-
ing mayfly Eexagenia, the snails Physa and Amnicola were present in the 1965
dredgings. In 1966, one Hexagenia/sq. ft. was collected. The pollution-
tolerant bloodworms Proeladius and Coelotanypus were the most abundant bottom
organisms of the 21 taxa collected (Appendix A-41). Bottom samples in 1967
contained a greater variety of macroinvertebrates than was collected by dredge
at any other Ohio River Basin station. The 38 taxa, in well-balanced propor-
tions, included 5 mayfly species: (Hexagenia, Pentagenia, Stenonema, Caenis
and Baet-ls) ; 18 midge species, 3 caddisflies species (Potamyia, Leptocella and
Oeoeti,s) and clams (Quadvula, Covbicula, Lampsilis and Sphaeriwv). Worms,
bryozoans, leeches, flatworms and nematodes also were present.
The four basket samples in 1965 contained an abundant and diverse community
totaling 47 taxa (Appendix A-43) with an average of 666 individuals/basket.
Stoneflies were present in the September and November collections. Both the
August and October 1966 basket samples contained over 15,000 individuals, three-
fourths of which were pollution-tolerant bloodworms, Glyptotendipes prob. bcuc-
bipes. This midge inhabits streams with heavy organic pollution. The total
taxa in four 1966 baskets were 25. Thirty nine taxa, many of which are pollution-
tolerant, were collected in both basket and dredge in 1966 as compared to 61
taxa in 1965. The dramatic change in the faunal composition which took place
from one year to the next is considered to be the result of low flow conditions
-47-
-------
0
1000
20--
1000-
20-
51000--
1967
17
19
1362
3386
1333
d
4514
1966
3774
27
15,082 15,904
1965
32
d
1152
22
607
JULY AUGUST SEPT. OCT.
19
208
698
NOV. DEC.
FIGURE 24. WABASH RIVER, NEW HARMONY, IND "NUMBER OF TAXA AND INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED FROM BASKET SAMPLERS, 1965-1967
-48-
-------
in 1966 and consequent greater concentration of nutrients. In 1967, the
faunal diversity in the baskets increased to 33 taxa and the number of
individuals (especially £. barbipes?) declined in numbers to nearly the
same as in 1965. The largest sample in 1967 contained 4,500 individuals
represented by 19 taxa. The return of the fauna to a more balanced state
in 1967 indicated that 1966 was not a typical year in terms of water quality
at New Harmony.
The abundance and diversity of organisms in the Wabash River at New
Harmony indicate that the benthic fauna was stimulated by moderate organic
pollution.
-49-
-------
SUMMARY
The composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates at nine Ohio
River and five tributary stations were studied during 1963-67. The long-
term study revealed that macroinvertebrate populations in the industrialized
upper Ohio River area were sparse throughout the years sampled. The fauna
was characterized by pollution-tolerant and facultative organisms. There
was a noticeable increase in the number and variety of benthic organisms in
the middle and lower reaches of the Ohio River as compared to the upper reach.
At some stations the faunal composition varied only slightly from year to
year whereas at others changes were pronounced. During the five year period
the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates increased at most of the
stations in the middle and lower reaches. There was a general increase in
the yearly mean temperature, dissolved oxygen, BOD, pH, and turbidity at
Louisville, Kentucky and Evansvilie, Indiana compared with the other main stem
stations.
Pollution from the lower Allegheny and Monongahela rivers limited the
macroinvertebrate populations downstream from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to
those organisms tolerant of low pH and toxic wastes, principally bloodworms
and oligochaetes. Pollution-sensitive caddisflies, mayflies and stoneflies
were not found at Pittsburgh. Caddisflies appeared at Toronto, Ohio; may-
flies were present 260 miles downstream at Addison, Ohio, and stoneflies at
Huntington, West Virginia. These taxa were present at other stations down-
stream from Huntington.
The most diverse fauna in basket samplers (artificial substrates) at any
Ohio River station was collected at Evansville, Indiana, in 1967. Dominant
forms at Evansville, Indiana and Cairo, Illinois were; hydropsychid caddis-
flies, Hydropsyahe s'lmulans, H. orris., PotamyLa flava, and Cheumatopsyche.
The snails Pleurooera and Physa were common.
There was no noticeable improvement in the abundance and kinds of bottom
fauna in the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh during the five years. Dredge
samples throughout 1963-67 contained only pollution-tolerant sludgeworms and
a few bloodworms. Occasionally, damsel flies and midges were collected from
the artificial substrate samplers.
The Allegheny River at Pittsburgh was found to have a more diverse fauna
than the Monongahela. However, the populations did not approximate either
the number or diversity of organisms collected at the middle and lower Ohio
River stations.
Dredge and basket samples from the Kanawha River at Winfield Dam, West
Virginia (approximately 30 miles downstream from the Charleston Industrial
Complex), contained mostly worms. Basket samples collected 18 miles above
Charleston at London, West Virginia contained a balanced macroinvertebrate
fauna. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations and toxic substances in the water
below Charleston greatly reduced the variety of macroinvertebrates.
-50-
-------
The macroinvertebrate fauna in the Wabash River at New Harmony, Indiana
changed considerably from 1963 to 1967. In 1963 and 1965 a large and
diverse fauna consisting of facultative midges, caddisflies, odonates and
mollusks existed. In 1966, the number of taxa decreased by nearly one-half
and thousands of pollution-tolerant bloodworms were present. Correspondingly,
1966 was a period of low flow during the summer, which limited the water
for dilution of organic matter. In 1967 the fauna returned to its former
composition.
The taxa found to be ubiquitous in the Ohio River Basin were; midges,
Dicrotendipes nervosus3 Prooladius sp. , Coelotanypus, Citicotopus spp.,
Ablabesmyia spp., Crytochironomus spp., and Psectvocladius spp. Also,
present at most stations were the caddis fly Cyimellus fraternus, the damsel fly
Argia, the mayfly Stenonema and the coelenterate Cordylophova lacustris. The
midges Glyptotendipes spp., and Chironomus attenuatus were common inhabitants
in water with organic enrichment. Chironomus riparius gr., Cricotopus spp. and
Ppocladius were commonly found in water receiving toxic pollutants and low pH.
Taxa more limited in distribution included: the midge Chironomus riparius
(upper Ohio River) C. attenuatus and Xenooh-iponomus xenolabis (middle Ohio
River) and Tanypus (lower Ohio River); the crayfish Orconeates obscuvus
(Allegheny River and upper Ohio), 0. rusticus (Wabash River and middle Ohio);
the caddisflies Potamyia flava and Hydropsyahe orr>is3 stoneflies Isopevla
bilineata and AGroneuina spp., mayflies Hexagenia and Caenidae and the dragon-
fly Neurocordulia sp. (middle and lower Ohio River). The asiatic clam Corbioula
was found from Marietta to Cairo. The stoneflies Aovoneuria occurred in the
spring and summer and Taeniopteryx nivalis was collected in the late fall.
Peak periods of hydropsychid caddisflies were observed from mid-August to
late September in the middle and lower Ohio River Basin.
-51-
-------
References Cited
1. Anderson, J. B. and William T. Mason, Jr. 1968. A comparison of
benthic macroinvertebrates collected by dredge and basket sampler.
Jour. Water Pollut. Cont. Fed. 40 (2): 252-259.
2. Curry, LaVerne L. 1965. A survey of Environmental Requirements for
the Midge (Diptera: Teudipedidae). In Biological Problems in Water
Pollution, 3rd Seminar, 1962. U.S.P.H.S. Publ. No. 999-WP-25. 424 pp.
3. Prison, Theodore H. 1935. The Stoneflies or Plecopera of Illinois. Ill,
Nat. Hist. Survey Bulletin 20: 281-471.
4. Henson, E. B. 1965. A cage sampler for collecting aquatic fauna.
Turtox News 43 (12): 298-299.
5. Mason, William T., J. B. Anderson and George E. Morrison. 1967. A
limestone-filled, artificial substrate sampler-float unit for collecting
macroinvertebrates in large streams. Prog. Fish-Culturist 29 (2): 74.
6. and Paul P. Yevich. 1967. The use of phloxine B and
rose bengal stains to facilitate sorting benthic samples. Trans. Amer.
Micros. Soc. 86 (2): 221-223.
7. Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission. 1962. Aquatic-life
resources of the Ohio River. Cincinnati, Ohio. 218 pp.
8. Paine, George H. and A. R. Gaufin. 1956. Aquatic diptera as indicators
of pollution in a midwestern stream. Ohio Journ. Sci. 56: 291-304.
9. Tyron, C. H., Jr., R. T. Hartman and K. W. Cummins. Ceds.) 1965.
Studies on the Aquatic Ecology of the Upper Ohio River System. Spec.
Publ. #3 Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh,
Pa. 103 pp.
10. U. S. Public Health Service. 1942. Ohio River pollution control:
Final report to the Ohio River Committee, supplement "F", biological
studies. Cincinnati, Ohio. 127 pp.
-52-
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APPENDIX
GLOSSARY
Allochthonous :
"Pertaining to those substances, materials or organisms in a waterway
which originate outside and are brought into the waterway."!
Artificial Substrate:
"A device placed in the water (for a specified period of time) that
provides living spaces for a multiplicity of organisms..."! The artificial
substrate sampler used in this study is a rock-filled basket.
Balanced Benthic Community:
A community of bottom dwelling organisms characterized by a large variety
with relatively even distribution of individuals within each taxonomic
group. An unbalanced community is characterized by a few taxa represented
by a large number of individuals.
Basket Sampler: (See "Artificial Substrate")
Benthos (Benthic Organisms):
"Bottom-dwelling organisms..." Organisms, both plant and animal,
associated with the bottom sediments. In this report the term denotes
only macroinvertebrate organisms.
Bloodworms:
"Midge fly larvae. Many of the species have hemoglobin in the blood
causing a red color and are often associated with rich organic deposits."!
Bottom Fauna: (See "Macroinvertebrate")
Cormunity Diversity :
"Pertaining to the variety of species within a given association of
organisms."^ A diverse benthic fauna contains many different kinds or
species, but the term is not related to abundance of organisms in this
report.
Dredge Series:
Any number of replicate dredge samples taken in sequence at a sampling
location. In this report, replicate samples of three or six were used
to calculate average numbers per sq. ft.
Enrichment:
"An increase in the quantity of nutrients available to aquatic organisms
for their growth."! Nutrients include both organic and inorganic materials.
A-l
-------
Facultative Organisms:
Facultative organisms are tolerant to a wide range of environmental
conditions.
Habitat:
"A specific type of place that is occupied by an organism, a population
or a community. "*
Intolerant Organisms: (See Pollution-Sensitive Organisms)
"Organisms that exhibit a rapid response to environmental changes and
are killed, driven out of the area, or as a group are,substantially
reduced in numbers when their environment is fouled."
Maeroinvertebrates:
Aquatic invertebrates generally visible to the unaided eye. In this
report macroinvertebrates are those invertebrates that are retained on
a U. S. Standard No. 30 sieve (0.59 mm mesh openings).
Multisubstrate Bottom:
A stream bottom composed of a variety of different types of materials, e-g->
sand, mud, gravel and organic detritus, all within the same general vicinity.
Organism:
"Any living individual."
PoIlution-Sensitive Organisms :
Pollution-sensitive organisms are those which through bioassay tests and
experience are known to require environmental conditions associated with
non-polluted habitats, e.g., high DO, pH near neutral, etc.
Pollution-Tolerant Organisms:
Pollution-tolerant organisms are known to tolerate environmental conditions
associated with polluted water, e.g., low DO, pH, etc,
Species:
An evolved, or probably still evolving, genetically distinct, reproduct-
ively isolated, natural population. Species in this report refers to the
most precise level of taxonomic identification.
A-2
-------
Sludgeworms:
"Aquatic segmented worms (class Oligochaeta) that exhibit marked population
increases in waters polluted with decomposable wastes."
Taxon (Taxa, pi.):
"A kind of organism. Any taxonomic unit or category of organisms; e.g.,
species, genus, family, order, etc."
Tolerant Organism: (See Pollution-Tolerant Organisms)
"... organisms capable of withstanding adverse conditions within the
habitat."1
Taken from: Matthews, John E. 1969. "Glossary of Aquatic Ecological
Terms". Special Publication. U. S. Dept. Interior,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Ada, Okla.
A-3
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POLLUTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON OHIO RIVER MACROINVERTEBRATES
(Provisional)
Pollution-sensitive
Facultative
Pollution-tolerant
Diptera
Chironomidae
Pentaneura
Ablabesmyia
Labrundinia pilosella
Orthocladius
Nanocladius
Corynoneura
Thienemanniella xena
Phaenopsectra
Dicrotendipes neomodestus
Glyptotendipes senilis
Stenochironomus macateei
Xenochironomus xenolabis
Calopsectra
Paratanytarsus dissimilis
Micropsectra deflecta
Dicrotendipes fumidus
Tribelos fuscicornis
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsyche simulans
H. frisoni
Macronemum
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia mallochi
A. janta
A. rhamphe
Guttipelopia
Conchapelopia
Coelotanypus scapularis
Tanypus carinatus
Psectrocladius nigrus
* Cricotopus exilis gr.
C. trifasciatus gr.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. modestus
Glyptotendipes amplus?
G. meridionalis
Polypedilum halterale
P. scalaenum
P. illinoense
P. tritum
P. simulans
Endochironomus nigricans
Pseudochironomus julia
* Cryptochironomus fulvus gr.
C. blarina
* Parachironomus abortivus gr.
P. pectinatellae
Paracladopelma nais
Cryptotendipes emorsus
Harnischia collator
Xenochironomus rogersi?
Rheotanytarsus
Cladotanytarsus
Culicidae
Chaoborus punctipennis
Simuliidae
Empididae
Tipulidae
Ceratipogoni dae
Anthomyiidae
Trichoptera
Hydropsy chidae
Hydropsyche orris
* H. bifida gr.
Potamyia flava
Cheumatopsyche
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius denticulatus
Psilotanypus bellus
Coelotanypus concinnus
* Cricotopus bicinctus gr.
Dicrotendipes incurvus
Glyptotendipes lobiferus
G, barbipes?
* Chironomus riparius gr.
* C, attenuatus gr.
* C. plumosus gr.
Syrphidae
Eristalis
Psychodidae
Psychoda
gr. = group: a species complex
A-4
-------
Pollution-sensitive
Facultative
Pollution-tolerant
Trichoptera (cont.)
Psychomyiidae
Neureclipsis crepuscularis
Psychomyia
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila waubesiana
Ochrotrichia
Agraylea
Leptoceridae
Oecetis
Leptocella
Athripsodes
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenonema terminatum
S. interpunctatum
Hexageniidae
Hexagenia limbata
Pentagenia vittgera
Baetidae
Baetis vagans
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Acroneuria arida
Nemouridae
Taeniopteryx nivalis
Perlodidae
Isoperla bilineata
Neuroptera
Sisyridae
Climacia areolaris
Trichoptera (cont.)
Psychomyiidae
Cyrnellus fraternus
Polycentropus
Ephemeroptera
Heptageniidae
Stenonema integrum
S. scitulum
S. femoratum
Caenidae
Caenis
Tricorythidae
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Acroneuria abnormis
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia apicalis
A. translata
Ischnura verticalis
Enallagma antennatum
E. signatum
Anisoptera
Dromogomphus
Erpetogomphus
Macromia
Gomphus spiniceps
G. vastus
Neurocordulia moesta
Plathemis
Hemiptera
Corixidae
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Stenelmis sexlineata
Dubiraphia
Helodidae
Dineutus
Megaloptera
Corydalidae
Corydalus cornutus
Sialidae
Sialis
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes propinquus
0. rusticus
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Berosus
A-5
-------
Pollution-sensitive
Facultative
Pollution-tolerant
Pelecypoda
Unionidae
Proptera alata
Leptodea fragilis
Bryozoa-Ectoprocta
Lophopodidae
Lophopodella carteri
Pectinatella magnifica
Porifera
Spongillidae
Crustacea (cont.)
Amphipoda
Hyalella azteca
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Gammarus
Isopoda
Asellidae
Asellus
Lirceus
Oligochaeta
Naididae
Nais
Sty1aria
Nematoda
Turbellaria
Hirudinea
Dina
Placobdella
Mollusca
Gastropoda-Pulmonata
Ancylidae
Ferrissia
Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea
Planorbidae
Gyraulus
Gastropoda-Prosobranchia
Pleuroceridae
Pleurocera
Goniobasis
Pelecypoda
Corbiculidae
Corbicula maniliensis
Unionidae
Lampsilis
Anadonta grandis
Quadrula pustulesa
Sphaeriidae
Sphaerium
Bryozoa-Ectoprocta
Plumatellidae
Plumatella repens
Cristatillidae
Cristatella mucedo
Bryozoa-Endoprocta
Urnatella gracilis
Coelenterata
Clavidae
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydridae
Hydra
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Tub if ex tub if ex
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Branchiura sowerbyi
Hirudinea
Helobdella stagnalis
Mooreobdella microstoma
Mollusca
Gastropoda-Pulmonata
Physidae
Physa integra
A-6
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Allegheny River-Pittsburgh, Pa.
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidap
Ablabesmvi^ janta?
A. mallochi
Guttipelopia sp .
Procladius sp.
Coelotanypus sp .
Chironomus attenuatus
C. riparius
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr .
Parachironomus abortivus
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. neomodestus
Stenochironomus
Glyptotendipes amplus?
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp.
Tr ichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Coleoptera
Berosus sp.
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Pisidium sp. ?
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp .
Lophopodella carteri
Paludicella articulata
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Av.No./ft2
1963
5/9
1
1
<1
5
8
4
8/1
2
48
S
X
50
3
11/5
5
1
48
1
5
<1
X
61
7
1965
9/30
5
1
1
6
1
9
S
S
23
6
1966
8/3
3
<1
15
19
3
1967
8/15
<1
<1
<1
3
1
1
1
3
<1
8
29
<1
S
X
51
13
X=present
S=statoblast
A-7
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Allegheny River-Pittsburgh, Pa.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
A. mallochi
Conchapelopia sp.
Procladius sp.
Psectrocladius sp .
Cricotopus sp.
C. trifasciatus gr.
C. slossonae?
Dicrotendipes incurvus gr.
D. neomodestus
Polvpedilum tritum?
Parachironoraus abortivus
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp .
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Polycentropus sp.
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema sp.
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia sp.
Ischnura sp.
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes obscurus
0. propinquus
Crangonyx sp.
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals /Sampler
8/5 1965
9/30
1
56
1
2
60
4
12/2
7
1
11
1
10
1
2
1
2
5
1
3
23
68
13
4/26 1966
6/7
0
0
8/3
16
4
29
1
2
20
1
1
1
2
1
78
11
5/23 1967
7/11
1
20
21
2
8/22i
10
5
5
2
2
30
25
10
89
8
10/4
1
1
1
2
1
18
14
X
38
8
X=present
A-8
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Chironomus riparius gr,
Ephvdridae?
Psvchodidae
Psvchoda sp.
Hemiptera
Corxidae
Odonata
Anisoptera
Plathemis lydia
Nematoda
Oligochaeta
* 196? samples taken 9 miles
upstream from those in 1963-66
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Av.No./ft2 *
1963
5/9
3
3
1
11/5
2
2
1
1965
9/30
3
3
1
1966
8/3
8
8
1
1967
8/22
2
1
1
F
<1
<1
58
64
6
A-9
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Monongahela River-Pittsburgh, Pa.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Conchaoelooia sp . ?
Cricotopus bicinctus gr.
C. sp. 2 Rob.
C. exilis gr.
C. trifasciatus gr .
Psectrocladius sp.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
Polypedilum scalaenum
P. ophioides?
Glyptotendipes sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Odonata
Zygoptera
Ischnura verticalis
Enallagma clausum?
Coleoptera
Phytobius sp.
Oligochaeta
Coelenterata
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals /Sampler
8/9 1965
9/30
1
1000
1001
2
12/2
1
1
1
4/26 1966
6/7
1
1
1
8/3
5
5
6
4
1
X
21
6
9/26
3
1
1
1
6
4
11/9
2
1
1
2
8
1.4
5
5/23 1967
7/11
1
1
4
6
3
8/22
2
5
1
8
3
10/5
2
2
3
17
41
65
5
X=present
A-10
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Pittsburgh, Pa.
DREDGE
Av.No./ft2
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Parachironomus abortivus
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Coleoptera
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Helobdella sp.
Turbellaria
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Pectinatella sp.
I^ophopodpl la sp.
Porifera
-
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1963
H/5
1
67
68
2
1965
9/29
1
94
<1
X
X
X
96
6
1966
8/3
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Pittsburgh, Pa.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
Individuals/S amp1e r
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Psectrocladius sp.
P. simulans?
Cricotopus trifasciatus gr.
C . fugax
C. sp. 1
Dicrotendipes nervosus
Parachironomus abort ivus
P. pectinatellae
Polypedilum sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Decapoda
Orconectes obscurus
0. propinquus
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Planorbidae (1 sp . )
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carteri
Cristatella mucedo
Coelenterata
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
8/7
9/29
2
1
1
1
9
9
23
6
1965
12/2
3
3
2
39
10
1
58
6
4/26
6/7
2
98
100
2
196
8/1
S?
52
1
1 1/Q
3
260
S
s
263
2
5/11
7/in
64
22
17m
X
3796
4
196
8/21
?n
20
64
8
120
")\UU
19
X
2408
8
7
10/4
32
16
3
24
8
16
8
11 fi<
16
88
X
S
s
X
13,9]
12
X=present
S=statoblast
A-12
-------
SUMMARY OF MAGROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Toronto, Ohio
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp .
Psectrocladius sp .
Cricotopus bicinctus gr.
C. trifasciatus gr .
C. sp. 1
Chironomus riparius gr.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Parachironomus abortivus
Chironomus attenuatus
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Mollusca
Pelecvpoda
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Av.No./ft2
1963
11/4
1
<1
57
<1
F
60
4
1966
8/4
15
4
1
1
<1
1
<1
69
93
8
F=fragment
A-13
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Toronto, Ohio
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia auriensis
A . rhamphe
Psectrocladius sp.
P. sp. 3 Rob.
P. elatus?
Orthocladius sp .
Cricotopus trifasciatus gr.
C. bicinctus gr.
C. fugax?
C. exilis gr.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. incurvus gr.
Glyptotendipes amplus?
Parachironomus abortivus
Polypedilum tritum
Calopsectra sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Odonata
Zygoptera
Enallagma sp.
Argia sp .
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Decapoda
Orconectes propinquus
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Urnatella aracilis
Coelenterata
Hydra sp.
Cordylophora lacustris
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals/San
9/8 1965
10/2;
3
3
2
2
2
12
5
12/2;
1
5
6
2
4/26 1966
6/7
20
8
5
4
5
1
1
367
411
8
8/4
130
22
2
6
13
5
6
1
3
18
206
10
10/4
15
20
30
34
1
61
?R
X
x
X
189
in
pier
5/31 1967
7/1f)
23
2
1
1
1
1
X
29
7
8/21
20
2
6
3
2
X
33
6
in/4
5
6
7
2
3
4
1
51
9
X
X
88
11
X=present
A-14
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Marietta, Ohio
DREDGE
Av.No./ft2
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Ablabesmyia sp.
A. rhamphe
Chironomus riparius gr.
Tany tarsus Group A Rob.
Neuroptera
Sialis sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Odonata
Anisoptera
Gomphus vastus
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1967
8/17
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
a
a
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Ohio River-Marietta, Ohio
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia sp.
A . rharaphe
A. mallochi
Psectrocladius sp.
P. simulans?
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. nervosus
Glyptotendipes amplus?
Parachironomus abort ivus
Polypedilum sp.
Chironomus riparius gr.
Tanvtarsus Group A Rob.
Trichoptera
Cvrnellus fraternus
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia apicalis
Anisoptera
Neurocordulia moesta
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes propinquus
Amphipoda
Crangonyx sp .
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Piscicolidae
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Phvsa sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp .
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Fredericella sp.
Urnatella gracilis
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals /Sampler
4/27 1966
7/15
37
2
5
5
4
1
1
X
55
8
9/22
3
1
1
9
1
217
2
10
X
X
X
244
U
11/2
1
2
94
15
1
X
X
X
113
8
5/25 1967
7/13
15
30
14
12
10
10
1
1
1
1
X
x
X
95
13
8/23
29
4
8
7
3
2
4
X
X
X
57
10
10/3
6
2
2
25
1
2
4
1
1
9
13
1
1
53
44
6
1
X
X
x
X
172
21
X=present
A-16
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
DREDGE
STATION: Ohio River-Addison, Ohio
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Coelotanypus sp.
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. nervosus
Glyptotendipes sp.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Parachironomus abort ivus
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Hydropsyche sp.
Odonata
Anisoptera
DromoRomphus sp .
Coleoptera
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes propinauus
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Mooreobdella microstoma
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Helisoraa sp.
Amnicola limosa
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Leptodea fragilis
Bryozoa
Plumatella repens
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carteri
Hyalinella sp.
Ephemeroptera
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
5/7
<1
,
<1
<1
14
<1
<1
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Addison, Ohio
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
Individuals/Sampler
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius so.
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Psectrocladius nigrus?
P. sp. 3 Rob.
Cricotopus sp.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. modestus
D. incurvus gr.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema inteerum
S. interounctatum
Odonata
Zyepptera
Araia apicalis
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes propinquus
Cambarus bartoni
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Piscicolidae
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp.
Gvraulus sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Urnatella gracilis
Coelenterata
Cordvlophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Porifera
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
7/13
9/1
9
65
77
6
1
50
1
11
1
1
X
X
222
12
196
10/1?
1
1
18
12
1
1
2
2
38
8
5
11/16
1
1
12
1
2
17
5
7/21
9/21
6
100
36
6
91
2
1
1
X
243
9
1966
11/2
2
2
I
5
5
2
92
11
2
4
X
X
126
11
7/11
8/91
20
4
13
70
9
2
118
6
1967
10/"*
1
10
30
66
2
1
51
1
1
2
X
x
X
165
13
X=present
A-18
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Ablabesmyia mallochi
Coelotanypus sp .
Dlcrotendipes sp .
D, nervosus
Harnischia sp.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr.
Paracladopelma nais
Polypedilum halterale
P. scalaenum
Xenochironomus festivus?
X. rogersi
Cryptochironomus blarina
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Oecetis sp.
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema sp.
Neuroptera
Saloidea
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Campeloma rufum
Amnicola sp.
Gyraulus sp.
Pleurocera sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Leptodea sp.
Quadrula quadrula
Proptera alata
Adonata sp.
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carter!
Coelenterata
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
5/6
<1
2
<1
<1
91
<1
F
<1
F
98
7
19
7/29
<1
8
<1
3
9
1
295
<1
F
14
1
S
334
10
63
11/12
21
8
10
3
196
1
7
31
2
S
279
9
Av.No
19
7/12
5
<1
<1
138
<1
7
<1
S
154
7
./ft2
65
8/31
4
1
4
1
<1
57
<1
5
X
74
9
L1966
7/21
13
1
<1
<1
4
1
1
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Huntington, W. Va.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphp
A. sp. 1
Psectrocladius sp.
P. sp. 3 Rob.
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. nervosus
D. incurvus gr.
Chironomus riparius gr.
Polypedilum scalaenum
Glyptotendipes sp .
Parachironomus pectinatellae
P. abortivus
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Cheumatopsyche sp.
Potamyia flava
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema integrum
S. femoratum
S. interpunctatum
Caenis sp.
Tricorythodes sp.
Plecoptera
Acroneuria arida
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia sp.
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Planorbidae sp . 1.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Sphaerium sp.
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
TnHividua s/Sar
7/12 1965
8/31
1
4
35
L(V IS.
2
15
11
3
100
3
1
3
31
11A7
2
31
1
40
1
3
3
12
6/5 196f
7/14
58
85
1
152
?
8
9/20
30
10
200
45
6
294
1
1
1
20
11/1
50
30
400
60
24
1
2
1
141
1
S
1
31
nnl pr
6/1 1967
7/1D
27
35
50
55
4
2
40
2
1
1
2
1
1ft
7
6
R/?l
125
75
25
220
2
1
3?
in/2
50
5
150
10
60
20
424
1
1
3
?n
3
6
?9
A-20
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Huntington, W. Va.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
CONTINUATION
ORGANISM: Date
Hvdracarina
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Hyalinella punctata
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals/Sampler
7/12 1965
8/31
X
X
40
5
10/18
X
169
10
11/17
93
8
6/5 1966
7/14
306
6
9/20
X
X
608
12
11/3
X
X
X
X
747
17
6/1 196
7/10
X
246
16
8/21
X
480
8
7
10/2
1
X
X
783
17
X=present
A-21
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Cincinnati, Ohio
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Coelotanvpus sp.
Ablabesmvia rhamphe
Smittia sp.
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. nervosus
Polypedilum halterale
P. ophioides?
P. parascalaenum
Chironomus attenuatus
Stenochironomus sp.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gi
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema sp.
Odonata
Anisoptera
Gomphus spiniceps
Coleoptera
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Proptera sp.
Gastropoda
Pleurocera sp.
Planorbula sp .
Physa sp.
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Diptera
Culicidae
Chaoborus punctipennis
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
A
1963
5/2
<1
1
4
1
<1
. 1
16
<1
F
S
26
8
8/8
4
5
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
126
2
<1
<1
145
14
1964
8/12
3
7
<1
<1
1
2
<1
23
1
<1
3
44
11
v.No./ft-2
1965
8/25
5
3
1
7
6
1
19
2
1
3
3
X
51
12
1966
7/?4
<1
2
1
<1
<1
<1
196
<1
204
8
1967
67 If,
1
<1
<1
<1
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Cincinnati, Ohio
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
A. sp. 1
Psectrocladius sp.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
Parachironomus abortivus
P. pectinatellae
Harnischia sp.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Polypedilum scalaenum
Xenochironomus xenolabis
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema sp.
Caenis sp.
Tricorythodes sp.
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia sp.
Anisoptera
Dromogomphus sp .
Coleoptera
Dubiraphia sp.
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes sp.
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals/Sampler Yearc
7/8 1964
8/12
19
1
9
7
3
92
1
5
1
8
2
2
1
X
X
151
15
9/15
2
61
1
17
81
4
5/7 1965
6/8
3
1
1
1
2
6
37
2
1
1
X
X
55
12
7/16
19
4
12
144
2
X
181
6
8/25
4
4
43
6
2
107
1
X
X
167
9
10/6
11
1
1
62
1
2
X
X
78
8
11/16
1
2
7
2
3
X
15
6
continued
A-23
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Ohio River-Cincinnati, Ohio
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Conchapelopia sp.
Psectrocladius sp.
Cricotopus trifasciatus gr.
C. exilis gr .
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. neomodestus
Polypedilum scalaenum
Xenochironomus xenolabis
Glyptotendipes senilis?
Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus)
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Leptocella sp.
Cheumatopsyche sp.
Hydroptila waubesiana
Plecoptera
Taeniopteryx nivalis
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema integrum
S. interpunctatum
Caenis sp.
Tricorythodes sp.
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia apicalis
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Hvalella azteca
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp .
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Plumatella repens
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Craspedacusta sowerbii
Porifera
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals /Sampler
6/28 1966
7/29
8
107
56
13
347
1
27
559
7
9/12
8
16
15
8
4
267
1
3
X
X
322
10
10/25
1
10
5
50
1
5
X
X
72
8
11/21
8
32
8
4
6
4
2
2
22
2
2
2
S
S
X
X
X
X
94
16
6/13 1967
7/25
60
20
10
30
15
10
336
4
11
1
3
X
X
500
13
9/5
14
46
2
16
8
10
1
2
333
2
1
16
5
1
7
1
1
X
X
466
19
10/17
2
18
25
275
1
3
82
2
9
11
3
X
X
431
14
X=present
S=statoblast
A-24
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Louisville, Ky.
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp .
Coelotanypus sp.
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
A. mallochi
Conchapelopia sp.
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Chironoraus attenuatus
Glyptotendipes sp.
Polypedilum halterale
P. scalaenum
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. modestus
Psectrocladius sp.
Cricotopus sp.
Culicidae
Chaoborus punctipennis
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Oecetis sp .
Potamyia flava
Hemiptera
Corxidae
Odonata
Anisoptera
Dromogotnphus sp.
Zygoptera
Enallagma sp.
E. doubledayi
E. signatum
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Isopoda
Asellus sp.
Hirudinea
Placobdella sp.
Dina sp.
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Nematoda
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
L9
5/24
2
4
<1
<1
71
63
fi/12
21
7
<1
<1
1
<1
4
<1
E
2
29
1964
fi/H
3
13
<1
<1
<1
<1
6
<1
<1
1
37
1
Av.Nn
/ft2
1965
W17
3
1
9
1966
7/fi
17
2
1
1
339
1967
8/^1
<1
4
3
<1
3
2
<1
2
<1
2
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
1
77
<1
A-25
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
DREDGE
STATION: Ohio River-Louisville, Ky.
CONTINUATION
ORGANISM: Date
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Somatogyrus sp.
Ferrissia sp .
Pleurocera
Physa sp.
Amnicola sp.
Viviparous sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Sphaerium sp.
Latnpsilis sp.
Proptera sp.
Anadonta grandis
Quadrula sp.
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carteri
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1963
5/24
1
<1
<1
<1
1
S
84
10
8/12
2
<1
F
1
<1
2
2
<1
S
I S
S
78
17
1964
8/1
1
<1
<1
<1
7
1
X
79
19
1965
S/17
2
1
<1
4
21
7
1966
7/6
6
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Ohio River-Louisville, Ky,
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmvia rhajnphe
Procladius sp.
Conchapelopia sp.
Coelotanvpus sp.
Orthocladius SD.
Psectrocladius sp.
Cricotopus exilis er.
C. trifasciatus gr .
C. bicinctus gr .
Cricotopus sp. 1
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. nervosus
D. modestus
D. neomodestus
Cryptochironomus digitatus gi
Parachironomus abortivus
P. pectinatellae
Xenochironomus xenolabis
Polypedilum sp.
P. scalaenum
Glyptotendipes sp.
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Hydropsyche orris
Potamyia flava
Hydroptila waubesiana
Arthripsodes sp.
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema integrum
S. interpunctatum
Caenis sp.
Plecoptera
Acroneuria sp.
Taeniopteryx nivalis
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia sp.
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus
Amphipoda
Crangonyx sp.
Oligochaeta
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Tnd vidual s/Samoler
5/17 1965
6/15
17
1
11
2
2
1
1
5
8
8
5
1
8/10
2
39
2
3
6
48
4
4
8
2
1
150
1
1
9/28
1
6
91
1
11/12
1
6
2
5
1
6
5/23 1966
7/6
22
81
12
3
5
4
1
1
1
1
8/24
S
21
6
2
68
1
12
2
198
1
1V7
2
3
2
5
8
14
1
3
1
1
9
248
6/8 1967
7/2C
20
6
30
6
1
6
51
3
1
8/31
6
35
12
24
6
12
24
109
2
2
10/12
4
68
4
14
14
108
14
14
27
27
6
206
2
3
5
4
34
307
A-27
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Louisville, Ky.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
CONTINUATION
ORGANISM: Date
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp.
Somatogyrus sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Pectinatella sp.
Stolella sp.
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
5/17 1965
6/15
X
62
13
8/10
37
62
X
X
370
17
9/28
2
2
6
X
109
8
11/1
4
2
4
X
31
10
5/23 1966
: 7/6
131
10
8/24
316
10
11/7
X
297
13
6/8 1967
7/20
124
9
8/31
5
X
X
237
13
10/1?
1
2
67
X
X
X
931
24
A-28
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Evansville, Ind.
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Procladius sp.
Coelotanvpus sp.
Tanypus sp. B. Job.
Cricotopus bicinctus gr.
Dicrotendipes sp.
Chironomus attenuatus
Glvptotendipes sp .
Stenochironomus sp.
Polypedilum illinoense
P. halterale
P. scalaenum
Cryptochironomus digitatus g
C. blarina
Paracladopelma nais
Anthomyiidae
Limnophora aequifrons
Culicidae
Chaoborus punctipennis
Ceratopogonidae
Empididae
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Hydropsyche sp.
Leptoceridae
Ephemeroptera
Hexagenia sp.
Traverella sp.
Coleoptera
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Lepidoptera
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Planorbidae
Somatogyrus sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Leptodea sp.
Anadonta sp.
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1963
5/17
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
1
<1
r
-------
SUMMARY OF MAGROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATIPN: Ohio River-Evansville, Ind.
DREDGE
Av.No./ft2
UUlNlllNUAiiUW
ORGANISM: Date
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella sp.
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1963
5/17
S
X
J5
16
8/15
S
S
77
13
1965
6/16
7
6
1966
8/24
S
116
9
1967
9/5
S
209
17
X=present
S=statoblast
F=fragment
A-30
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Evansville, Ind.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Conchapelopia sp.
Coelotanypus sp .
Procladius sp.
Psectrocladius sp .
Cricotopus bicinctus gr.
C. trifasciatus gr.
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. modestus
D. nervosus
Glyptotendipes lobiferus
G. amplus?
Stenochironomus gibbus
Polypedilum illinoense
P. tritum?
P. halterale
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Parachironomus abort ivus
P. pectinatellae
Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) sp
Simuliidae
Empididae
Hemerodromia sp.
Anthomviidae
Limnophora sp.
Trichoptera
Cvrnellus fraternus
Neureclipsis crepuscularis
Hvdropsvche orris
H. nr . frisoni
H. simulans
Potamvia flava
Hydroptila waubesiana
Leptocella pavida
Athripsodes tarsi-punctatum
Ochrotrichia tarsalis
Plecoptera
Isoperla bilineata
Taeniopteryx nivalis
Acroneuria arida?
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Ind iv id ia Is /Sampler
8/10 1965
9/28
36
15
2
15
3
879
11/3
2
2
4
116
92
2
116
4
12/2
1
7
4
39
15
8
12
10
2
5/24 1966
7/8
17
26
10
1
6
45
3
393
1
8/24
17
55
1
14
86
12
852
3
1
11/4
30
5
4
15
15
40
5
10
1
7
5
4
1
2
5/5 7/17 1967
6/19
13
15
15
1
20
3
1
3
1
9/5
50
29
116
6
6
1
174
12
6
232
6
1
94
11
110
19
145
4
If/ 20
140
9
9
72
24
608
48
344
8
3964
4
A-31
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Evansville, Ind.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
Individuals/Sampler
UUNTINUATIOIN
ORGANISM: Date
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema integrum
S. interpunctatum
S. (Pulchellum) sp. 3
Caenis sp.
Tricorythodes sp.
Istfnychia sp.
Baetis vagans
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia apicalis
Anisoptera
Neurocordulia sp.
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Crangonyx pseudoeracilis
Hyalella azteca
Oligochaeta
Turbellaria
Nematoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Sphaerium sp .
Brvozoa
P 1 lima f~ p 1 la an
Pectinatella'magnif ica
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp .
Hydracarina
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
8/10 1965
9/28
6
3
959
8
11/3
40
4
8
6
16
X
X
412
15
12/21
40
34,
6
4
2
X
X
184
16
5/24 1966
7/8
15
3
1
1
522
13
8/24
12
15
1
4
2
1075
14
11/4
8
10
1
8
1
X
172
20
5/5 7/17 1967
6/19
75
4
9
1
66
X
227
15
9/5
112
6
5
6
1
?
X
S
1
1155
26
10/2(1
8
428
4
4
8
8
X
5690
18
x=present
S=statoblast
A-32
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Cairo, III.
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Coelotanvpus so.
Ablabesmvia rhamphe
Polvpedilum scalaenum
P. halterale
Cryptochironomus digitatus g
Stenochironomus sp.
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp.
Ceratopogonidae
Trichoptera
Neureclipsis crepuscularis
Hydropsyche sp.
Ephemeroptera
Hexagenia limbata?
Traverella sp.
Caenis sp.
Odonata
Anisoptera
Gomphus sp.
Coleoptera
Crustacea
Isopoda
Asellus sp.
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Hirudinea
Placobdella sp.
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1
5/16
1
<1
F
<1
F
S
3
3
963
8/13
3
<1
<1
12
13
5
30
5
t
1964
7/26
<1
3
1
<1
<1
5
<1
4
17
S
34
9
Vv.No
/ft2
1966
8/25
4
3
51
2
60
4
1967
8/29
2
2
1
1
6
1
<1
<1
<1
211
<1
9
<1
S
S
238
13
F=fragment
S=statoblast
A-33
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Ohio River-Cairo, 111.
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia rhamphe
Conchapelopia sp.
Psectrocladius sp.
Cricotopus bicinctus gr .
Dicrotendipes sp.
D. modestus
D. incurvus gr.
D. nervosus
Polypedilum illinoense
P. scalaenum
Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) s
Empididae
Hemerodromia sp .
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Neureclipsis crepuscularis
Hydropsyche orris
H. simulans
H. nr frisoni
Potamyia flava
Cheumatopsyche sp .
Hydroptila sp.
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema integrum
Isonychia sp.
Caenis sp .
Tricorythodes sp.
Baetis sp.
Odonata ^
Anisoptera
Neurocordulia sp.
Zygoptera
Argia sp.
Coleoptera
Stenelmis sp.
Crustacea
Isopoda
Asellus sp .
Amphipoda
Stygobromus sp .
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Turbellaria
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals /Sampler
6/17 1965
8/12
3
2
19
.
11
4
15
40
37
2
7
6
6
11/4
16
4
24
110
4
344
28
4
12
12/2*
1
10
3
5
2
6
2
102
97
3
49
1
1
7/14 1966
8/25
1
20
8
90
3
129
165
13
5
19
1
3
10/3
41
4
7
53
56
3
1
6
23
.7
F
1
8/8 1967
9/22
300
32
40
472
72
312
8
8
16
1CX30
6
3
2
8
4
1
3
9
30
10
2
93
1
9
2
9
2
F
1
62
A-34
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Ohio River-Cairo. 111.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
CONTINUATION
ORGANISM: Date
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Bryozoa
Plumatella sp.
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carteri
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Hydra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals/Samnler
6/17 1Q
8/12
X
152
13
11/4
X
546
10
fs
12/28
X
X
282
15
7/14 1%6
8/25
45?
12
10/3
X
202
12
8/8 1967
9/22
S
1260
9
in/30
2
X
S
S
X
X
259
23
X=present
S=statoblast
F=fragment
A-35
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Kanawha River-London, W. Va.
DREDGE
Ay.No./ft2
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp .
Coelotanypus sp.
Ablabesmyia mallochi
Cricotopus slossonae?
Polypedilum halterale
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Paracladopelma nais
Chironomus attenuatus
Dicrotendipes sp.
Xenochironoraus rogersi
Neuroptera
Sialis sp.
Coleoptera
Dubiraphia sp.
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Hydracarina
Olieochaeta
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1967
8/22
3
5
<1
<1
1
. 2
2
<1
1
1
<1
<1
F
<1
14
95
130
15
F=fragment
A-36
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Kanawha River-London, W. Va.
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia sp.
A. mallochi
Orthocladius sp.
Psectrocladius sp.
Cricotopus bicinctus gr.
C. ceris ?
C. slossonae
Corynoneura sp.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. incurvus gr.
D. neomodestus
D. modestus
Cryptochironomus digitatus gr
Parachironomus abortivus
Polypedilum scalaenum
Glvptotendipes senilis?
Xenochironomus sp.
Phaenopsectra sp.
Micropsectra deflecta
Ceratopoganidae
Probezzia sp.
Tr ichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema integrum
S. interpunctatum
Tricorythodes sp .
Odonata
Zygoptera
Argia translate
Enallagma sp.
E. signatum
E. antenna turn
Ischnura verticalis
Chroma gr ion sp.
Anisoptera
Macromia sp .
Neurocordulia obsolita
Neuroptera
Climacia areolaris
Hemiptera
Pentacora sp.
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals /Sampler
5/10 1966
7/22
2
3
40
22
8
4
5
23
1
2
5
94
1
2
1
1
9
9/21
14
10
1
1
20
2
4
8
17
17
11/3
2
1
1
6/1 1967
7/11
17
27
6
4
15
1
1
8/22
7
6
2
10
20
3
7
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
10/3
3
2
12
20
7
68
3
3
5
4
A-37
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Kanawha River-Londoi
CONTINUATION
ORGANISM: Date
Crustacea
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus
Amphipoda
Hyalella azteca
Crangonyx pseudogracilis
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Illinobdella sp .
Piscicolidae
Turbellaria
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Gyraulus sp.
Ferrissia shimekii
F. tarda
Physa sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Brvozoa
Plumatella sp.
Urnatella gracilis
Coelenterata
Cordvlophora lacustris
Hvdra sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
i, W. Va.
IndiA
5/10 1966
7/23
1
244
19
14
23
X
524
23
9/21
4
1
159
4
262
14
11/3
1
16
13
1
X
X
35
9
fiduals/Saipp],e.r
6/1 1967
7/il
1
16
88
9
8/22
1
88
89
2
1
3
3
6
X
264
25
10/3
5
7
1
29
25
15
1
X
X
X
210
20
X=present
A-38
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Kanawha River-Winfield Dam, W. Va.
DREDGE
Av.No./ft2
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Coelotanypus sp.
Psectrocladius sp.
Chironomus attenuatus
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp .
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema sp.
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Berosus sp.
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Mooreobdella microstoma
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp.
Bryozoa
Lophopodella carter!
Pectinatella maenifica
Hyalinella sp.
1
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
5/7
<1
2
1
162
166
4
IS
7/3
<1
860
861
2
)63
11/6
364
364
1
1966
7/22
<1
F
17
F
18
2
1967
8/21
4
<1
1
<1
1052
<1
s
S
S
1060
6
X=present
S=statoblast
F=fragment
A-39
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmvia rhamphe
Procladius sp.
Psectrocladius sp.
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. incurvus gr.
Parachironomus abortivus
Chironomus attenuatus
Tany tarsus Group A Rob.
Culicidae
Chaoborus sp.
Fungivoridae
Trichoptera
Cvrnellus fraternus
Odonata
Anisoptera
Perithemis tenera
Oligochaeta
Nematoda
Turbellaria
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp.
Gyraulus sp.
Helisoma sp .
Ferrissia sp .
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
Individuals/Sampler
7/13 1965
9/1
556
556
1
10/18
147
147
1
11/18
1
1
8
10
3
4/26 1966
7/21
13
13
1
9/21
2
32
3
2
39
4
in:
24
40
1672
800C
8
40
9784
6
6/1 1967
7/11
1
4
1
17
1
147
10
12
1
194
9
8/22
2
40
12
6
3632
274
8
2
2
3978
9
10/T
12
4
8
4
4
1004
4
8
1048
8
A-40
-------
NUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Wabash River-New Harmony, Ind.
DREDGE
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Procladius sp.
Coelotanvpus sp .
Tanypus sp. B. Job.
T. sp. 1.
Pentaneurini gen. & sp. n.
Ablabesmyia sp. l
A. sp. 2.
Labrundinia pilosella
Dicrotendipes sp .
Polypedilum halterale
P. scalaenum
P. illinoense
P. convictum?
P. parascalaenum?
Cryptochironomus digitatus gi
C. sp 4 Rob.
Parachironomus abortivus
P. pectinatellae
P. sp. 2 Rob.
Xenochironomus rogersi?
X. scopula?
Chironomus attenuatus
Glyptotendipes lobiferus
G. barbipes?
Stenochironomus taeniapennis
Tanytarsus (Rheotany tarsus)
T. Group A. Rob.
Ceratopogonidae
Empididae
Hemerodromia sp.
Trichoptera
Leptocella sp.
Potamyia flava
Oecetis sp.
Ephemeroptera
Hexagenia limbata
H. rigida?
Pentagenia vittgera
Caenis sp.
Baetis sp.
Coleoptera
Stenelmis sp.
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
1963
8/14
1
5
4
1
f
1
1
1
1
19
6/16
6
61?
8/11
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
24
Av.No
./ft2
1966
8/2q
14
14
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
*
1967
9/S
1
5
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
7
9
1
* 1967 samples collected from different substrate type than those in 1963-66
A-41
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
DREDGE
STATION: Wabash River-New Har
CONTINUATION
ORGANISM: Date
Nematoda
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Placobdella sp.
Turbellaria
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Physa sp .
Planorbidae
Amnicola sp.
Ferrissia sp.
Pelecypoda
Corbicula sp.
Sphaerium sp.
Quadrula sp.
Lampsilis sp.
Bryozoa
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carter!
Urnatella gracilis
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
mony , Ind .
Av.No./ft2
1963
8/14
49
S
S
65
10
1965
6/16
36
2
2
46
4
8/11
88
4
16
4
8
S
S
176
13
1966
8/25
1
18
F
1
1
S
X
X
74
21
1967
9/5
1
56
1
1
1
1
1
1
S
S
X
124
38
X=present
S=statoblast
F=fragment
A-42
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
STATION: Wabash River-New Harmony, Ind.
ORGANISM: Date
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ablabesmyia sp. 1
A. mallochi
Conchapelopia sp.
Labrundinia sp.
Pentaneurini sp. 1.
Coelotanypus sp.
Procladius sp.
Psectrocladius sp .
Orthocladius sp.
Corynoneura celeripes
Dicrotendipes nervosus
D. modestus
Cryptochironomus digitatus
Parachironomus pectinatell
P. abortivus
Polypedilum illinoense
Chironomus riparius gr.
Glyptotendipes barbipes?
Tribelos sp .
Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus)
Calopsectra sp.
Ceratopogonidae
Trichoptera
Cyrnellus fraternus
Hydropsyche orris
Potamyia flava
Macronemum sp.
Cheumatopsyche sp.
Leptocella sp .
Athripsodes sp.
Hvdroptilidae
Plecoptera
Acroneuria abnormis
A. sp. 1.
Isoperla bilineata
Ephemeroptera
Stenonema ares
S. intearum
S. interpunctatum
Isonychia sp.
Caenis sp.
Tricorythodes sp.
Baetis sp .
Hexagenia sp.
CONTINUED
Total Individuals
Tola! Taxa
Individuals/Sampler
6/17 1965
8/10
98
10
7
10
6
ae
3
21
4
1
64
23
138
1
667
24
2
11
9/29
61
23
11
5
16
18
48
1
1
1
119
180
1
2
2
29
13
4
2
11/17
380
36
16
12
24
24
1
1
60
4
4
20
12/20
27
1
1
2
18
5
74
3
5
4
9
6/8 1966
7/15
50
50
2900
56
4
222
8
40
12
8/25
150
300
11000
872
8
10/7
100
13500
1008
16
8
11/9
100
25
25
1000
60
8
4
6/19 1967
7/25
80
40
16
4
350
80
32
280
8
4
316
9/5
10
40
96
12
4
12
6
600
50
82
25
2
1
271
56
2
8
10/2
80
50
3500
576
4
92
28
4
88
4
4
4
A-43
-------
SUMMARY OF MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA
STATION: Wabash River-New Harmony, Ind.
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE
Individuals/Sampler
V^UIN 1 JL1N UA J. ±U1N
ORGANISM: Date
Odonata
Zvgoptera
Argia apicalis
6/17 1965
8/Io! 9/29
11/17112/20
i
37 i 32
36
2
6/8 1966
7/1518/25
i
i
j
10/71 11/9
4 ! 32 i 56 ' 4
6/19 1967
7/251 9/5I10/ ',
' i 1
I I
i i !
12 ! 9 l 4 i
Anisoptera
Gomphus vastus
G. crassus
Erpetogomphus
Neurocordulia sp.
Coleoptera
Stenelmis sexlineata
Helodidae
Dineutus sp.
Crustacea
Isopoda
Asellus sp .
Decapoda
Orconectes rusticus
0. propinquus
Olieochaeta
Hirudinea
Dina sp.
Turbellaria
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Viviparus intertextus?
Physa sp.
Pelecypoda
Sphaerium sp.
Bryozoa
Plumatella repens
Pectinatella magnifica
Lophopodella carteri
Urnatella gracilis
Coelenterata
Cordylophora lacustris
Diptera
Empididae
Hemerodromia sp.
Total Individuals
Total Taxa
3
2
8
1
3
4
4
X
X
1152
27
4
1
2
7
1
1
6
1
5
1
9
X
607
32
14
14
4
8
16
12
12
X
X
698
22
?.
2
35
17
1
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X
208
19
4
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20
8
X
3386
15
16
.
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8
8
2568
64
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15082
14
16
«
984
192
16
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15904
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X=present
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A-44
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SOURCES OF PHYSICAL S CHEMICAL DATA
1. Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission. 1966.
Eighteenth Annual Report. Cincinnati, Ohio.
2. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. Oct. 1, 1963 -
Sept. 30, 1967. Storage and Retrieval System (STORET), Cincinnati,
Ohio and Washington, D.C.
3. U.S. Public Health Service. Oct. 1, 1962 - Sept. 30, 1963.
Water Pollution Surveillance System Annual Compilation of Data, Vol. 5,
USDHEW, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4. U.S. Geological Survey. 1963-64.
Surface Water Records of Indiana, Indianapolis
Surface Water Records of Kentucky, Louisville
Surface Water Records of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg
. 1965-67.
5. Water Resources Data for Indiana, Part I.
Water Resources Data for Kentucky, Part I.
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania, Part I and II.
Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Part I.
6. University of Pittsburgh Neville Island Research Laboratory. 1967.
"Intensive study of the water at critical points on the Monongahela,
Allegheny, and Ohio Rivers in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area."
7. West Virginia Water Resources Board. 1967.
"A report on recommended water quality criteria and uses relative to
interstate waters in the Kanawha River, Charleston, W. Va."
A-65
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