OOOR85101
STATE GROUND-WATER
PROGRAM SUMMARIES
VOLUME II
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Ground-Water Protection
Washington, D.C. 20460
March 1985
Prolection
230 South D.•};•.- - •' --^
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was compiled by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), Office of Ground-Water Protection, in Washington, D.C., and the
Ground-Water Offices of the ten EPA Regions. Steve Page of the Office
of Ground-Water Protection coordinated this project. It was reviewed by
state officials. EPA appreciates the assistance provided by the states
in this effort. Technical support was provided by Policy Planning &
Evaluation, Inc., located at 8301 Greensboro Drive, Suite 460, McLean,
Virginia 22102.
Env,—ta. Proton
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Introduction i
Region I
Connecticut 1
Maine 13
Massachusetts 26
New Hampshire 39
Rhode Island 51
Vermont 63
Region II
New Jersey 75
New York 88
Puerto Rico 104
Virgin Islands 117
Region III
Delaware 129
Maryland 141
Pennsylvania 153
Virginia 165
West Virginia 178
Region IV
Alabama 190
Florida 203
Georgia 217
Kentucky 230
Mississippi 242
North Carolina 251
South Carolina 266
Tennessee 278
Region V
Illinois 291
Indiana 303
Michigan 315
Minnesota 327
Ohio 340
Wisconsin 352
Region VI
Arkansas 364
Louisiana 378
New Mexico 393
Oklahoma 407
Texas 419
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Page No.
Region VII
Iowa 435
Kansas 448
Missouri 460
Nebraska 473
Region VIII
Colorado 485
Montana 497
North Dakota 509
South Dakota 521
Utah 533
Wyoming 545
Region IX
Arizona 557
California 569
Hawaii 583
Nevada 595
Region X
Alaska 608
Idaho 621
Oregon 634
Washington 647
Appendix A: Summary Tables on Ground-Water Use and Quality ... A-1
Appendix B: EPA Regional Ground-Water Representatives B-1
Appendix C: State Contacts C-1
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This report is divided into two volumes. Volume I first discusses
the uses and contamination of ground water and then provides an overview
of state policies and strategies for protecting ground water. Volume II
presents the background information compiled by EPA. This information
was used in preparing Volume I. Each volume contains the same three
appendices. Appendix A provides summary tables on ground-water use and
quality, Appendix B lists the EPA Regional Ground-Water
Representatives, and Appendix C lists the state officials who verified
the information. Any questions about Volume I should be directed to
Marian Mlay, Director, Office of Ground-Water Protection, 401 M Street,
S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. Any questions about Volume II should be
directed to the EPA Regional Ground-Water Representatives or the
appropriate state officials.
ii
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REGION I
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8TAT1 QHOCTP-WaTlH FHOQRAM 5DMKAHT
STATS> OOMICTXCOT
1. MATURE W TU OROOVlMfATIR IB300RCI
1.1. Qaolocio and Bydrologio OMTMUriatioe. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(i.e. formationa, rook typea, areal extent and thlokneas, tranaalaaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of oontamination).
Cbaraotorlatioa
Ptayalo«r*pnlo
RatloB/ProTlwM A:
Pre-Triassio
Crystalline Hooka
Phyaiocraphlo
Refloa/ProTinoe Bt
Triasaio
Sedimentary Hooka
Pbjraiotrapbio
Racioa/ProTiaoe Ct
Paleozoic
Carbonate Hooka
Percent of state covered
by this proviBM (eatlamted)
61*
Qneoeflmd Aqulfer(a)
Sea Mote A below.
See Note B below,
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer(•)
Note A; The oryatalllne rocks are the moat areally extensive type found in the atate. They are of pre-Triaaaio
age and consist primarily of granites, gneisses, and schists. These rocks are the principal aouroes of well-water
auppliea in the upland regions and are primarily tapped by domestic, light industrial, and small public water-
supply system wells.
In eplte of their dlverae origin and appearance, all of the crystalline rocks of Connecticut have similar
water-bearing properties in that they generally have a limited capacity to store and transmit water. However,
they represent an important aource of water aupply. Approximately 15> of the total population la dependent upon
individual domestic wells, the vaat majority of which tap the crystalline rook aquifer.
Note B; The second most extensive rock unit in Connecticut consists of ailtstones, shales, and conglomerates of
the Trlassic age, with the infrequent occurrence of diabase intrualvea. Except for the intruaivea, the rocks were
deposited originally as unconsolldated continental sediments, and oonaequently the grain alee variea greatly both
horizontally and vertically from bed to bed. This variation in rock type has an effect on the availability of
ground water in joints and fractures, along bedding planes, and in intergranular pore spaces. The beda of
sandstone are generally more permeable than beds of shale because some water in the former la contained between
individual aand grains where the cementing material has been dissolved or was never formed. The water in the
shale la contained almost entirely in fractures, many of which are along bedding planes. There has also been some
faulting of the aedlmentary rocks. In a few places, this has created large fractures which, upon being penetrated
by a well, will yield a considerable quantity of water.
Note C; Pound only in the western part of the atate, the carbonate rooks consist of limestones that have been
metamorphosed to marble. Generally, these are less resistant to weathering and erosion than the adjacent
crystalline rocks and thus occupy the lowlands. The carbonate rooks have virtually no primary porosity, and the
saturated zones contain water in fractures, and, to a lesser degree, in solution channels. A study of well yields
indicates that the carbonate rocks have a somewhat higher yield than the crystalline rocks.
Additional Notes: The most prolific aquifers in Connecticut, from the standpoint of yielda of Individual wells
and well fields, are the localized beds of unconaolldated aand and gravel laid down in bedrock valleys during the
glacial epoch. In addition, acme layers of aand and gravel of relatively recent age have bean deposited by
existing streams. Where beds of sand and gravel are well-sorted and relatively free of fine ailt and clay, they
tend to be very permeable. The other type of unconaolldated aquifer, used primarily in rural areas, is till. It
consists of poorly sorted rock material: silt, aand, boulders, and clay. Although till depoalts blanket most of
the state, they are generally thin and of low permeability. The development of till deposits is usually by large-
diameter, shallow-dug wells capable of producing a maximum of a few gpm. Such unoonsolldated deposits, mainly of
glacial origin, can be found mantling the rook throughout the atate. However, these depoaits of aand, gravel,
silt, and olay are only important from a water aupply point of view where a sufficient thickness is encountered,
usually in the valleys of the principal drainage features and the coastal lowlands.
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STATE: COMKCTICOT
1.2. Primary Daea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
(be
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
40 16
20 10
1a 8
39b 97
100 19
Irrigation.
"Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1981
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
16*
500,000
Domestic
Hells
16*
494,520
Total
32*
994,520
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STATE t CMIECTX COT
2.1. SOHFOM (QMok Mjor MUTOM of oontudnatlon and rank top four
2 • ant BMt MrtmMt «te.)
Source Cbeok Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal land f ilia X 3
On-aitc industrial Xs 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 4
tanks
Other (specify):
On-site spillage X 1
and Illegal
disposal of
industrial
solvents
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
Haste sites
Salt Mater intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 2
Road salting X
alncludes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
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ST1TB: OOmCTICOT
3. STATE OB00m>-VATER HAMGENEBT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to around-Utter Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Ian/Bo.
Description of authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General-Mater pollution
control
Connecticut General Statutes,
Section* 22a-l6-20, 22a-137, 25-5tb,
2«-5«c-k, 25-54cc(c), and 25-54hh
Prohibit pollution of waters of the
state. "Waters* specifically include
ground water.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Connecticut State Health Department
Regulation 19.13.b.102
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
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STATE: CMnCTICUT
3.2.2. Development of Ground-MUr Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Tea I Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Protection
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The state is currently implementing a ground-water classification system by mapping proposed quality
goals for-all ground-water resources in the state. The ground-water management plan includes: ground-water
quality standards; aquifer mapping; aquifer classification; ground-water discharge permits; well driller
reporting; proposed LUST regulations; contamination response/investigation; and basin plans (covering surface and
ground water).
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The policy's stated goal is to restore or maintain the quality of the ground water to a level consistent
for its use for drinking water without treatment.
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Connecticut has four aquifer classifications based on use quality, land use, and flow system:
Class GAA — Suitable to receive wastes from acceptable agricultural practices or backwash from public drinking
water treatment systems or minor cooling discharges.
Class GA — Suitable to receive discharges in CAA as well as human and animal waste and other biodegradable
materials which pose no threat to untreated drinking water supplies.
Class GB — Suitable to receive discharges permitted in Class GAA and GA as well as certain treated Industrial
process waters which do not cause further degradation of the ground water.
Class GC — Suitable for all discharges allowed in Classes GAA-GC as well as other discharges specified in
Section 25-51, as long as an adjacent surface water classification will not be violated.
Restoration to drinking water quality is not normally sought when the ground water in question has been
classified GB or GC.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X No
The standards are used to prevent further degradation of the ground water, particularly those aquifers
used as public drinking sources. It is the state's policy to employ best treatment technologies for a discharge
or waste with refractory or otherwise hazardous substances.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
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STATS t OOnsCTZCOT
3.3. State Ateoov iMpaMlbilltiM for Oround Hater Protection
ieaponiible
SUt*
aceooy
Department of
Environmental
Protection
Department of
Health Services
Oround-
Vkter
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Pederalljr-Delecated Prograa
IdU
X
raef
X
WBb
X
««
X
Other
teU
Collec-
tion,
aquifer
tfcpplflg,
•to.
X
Oround-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conaer-
vatioo
f
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
load
De-icing
X
Other
X«
Xf
*UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Hater System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
^Through the Connecticut Council on Soil and Hater Conservation.
*Ground-water discharge permits; leachate and ground-water diversion permits; well driller reporting; proposed LUST
regulations; contamination response/investigation; major pollution control programs, septic tanks over 5,000 gpd.
'Hater supply; septic tanks (under 5,000 gpd).
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3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: COraECTICOT
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Memorandum of Understanding between the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Health
Services. Delegates septic tank discharges under 5,000 gpd to
the Health Department.
The Department of Environmental Protection and the State Health
Department have a division of responsibilities.
Mapping, certain monitoring.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Besource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Mapping in order to implement the ground-water classification
system and to delineate regionally significant aquifers.
Collects hydrogeologic data through cooperative USGS programs
and Department of Environmental Protection studies.
Complete hydrogeologic investigation including source and
nature of pollutants, travel path, and on-site monitoring.
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STATEi COmCTXCOT
3.6. State Qround-Hater Nooltorlnt Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
watt sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
OMok
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitorial Program
The state conducts nonltoring associated with other
known ground-water discharges including large septio
systems, municipal and industrial landfills, and
Industrial discharges.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites; works closely with EPA at all Superfund
sites; and periodically conducts special surveys for
specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organios).
Survey of area impacted by past and present
agriculture.
Efforts are underway to establish an ambient ground-
water monitoring program to be built around existing
USQS and public water system monitoring programs.
The state conducts monitoring associated with the
Federal Underground Injection Control permitting and
Class V assessment programs, as well as routine
monitoring of public water systems.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7* State Programs for Public Participation
"~~~->-^^^ Context
Approaches "^^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Qround-
Ntter Permit
leUUM XeMUeUQA
xa,b xb
X*'b X
Regulation
Adoption,
Changes
X6
Xa
Specific
Qround-
Hater
Strategy Other
x"
X
X X
X
X
X°
aMeetings with citizens and local officials to Increase local awareness of ground-
water issues and encourage local adoption of protective measures.
''Public meetings and hearings conducted in conjunction with adoption of ground-water
quality standards, promulgation of ground-water classification maps, submission of
an application for UIC primacy, and award of state ground-water discharge permits.
°Public information materials regarding above items.
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8TATI s OMRCTICDT
*. STATE XNNJtmTATXOI Of PBDIRAI. PKKJIAMS TO PROTECT OROUID WATER
Status of Prccru Delegation State
CbmotarlttlQ*
QIC
Dtpartntnt of
Environment*! Prot«otlon
All 5 Mil OlMMS
RCRA
Delegated
Phases 1 and II
Department of
Environmental Protection
PNS
Delegated
Department of
Health Services
Peatloides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Protection
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STATE: CONNECTICUT
4.2. Oraat Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$830,000 Data management improvements; ground-Mater monitoring;
ground-water classification/mapping; Implementation,
permits, and enforcement.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$299,690 Updating basin plans and water quality standards and
criteria covering ground water: $150,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,198,760
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$6H9,900/$88,700 None
UIC
$51,400
Class V assessments; technical assistance, aquifer
mapping; data management: $9,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
$81,600
None
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8TATII COnECTXCOT
5. STATB-OIIIOIUTED OROUID-MTIR PIOTICTZOI PIOOUN8
5.1. QmuDd-Vater Strategy
(Including .ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state's policy is to prevent further degradation of the ground waters, particularly those
aquifers used as public drinking sources, through differential protection. Four aquifer classifications exist
baaed on use, quality, land use, and flow system.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, 205(J)
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The state conducts routine monitoring of the public water systea,at discharge and waste disposal
compliance monitoring sites and at suspected contamination sites. Periodically, special surveys are conducted for
certain contaminants. Programs such as the Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund,
Underground Injection Control, and Class V Assessment are coordinated and monitored in association with the
Federal government.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, 205(J), RCRA, SDWA
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Aquifer assessment and mapping programs are conducted by the Department of Environmental Protection,
Natural Resource Center.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, with USGS match
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Cooperative effort between several Department of Environmental Protection units, the Department of
Health Services, and the Department of Agriculture. The Department of Health Services has lab services and
regulation of water supplies. The Department of Environmental Protection has a pesticide use program, site
investigations, and orders for pollution abatement and alternative water supplies.
FY 196M Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, SDWA, other sources related to pesticide control
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STATE: OOMECTICOT
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Qround Hater
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection Issues ground-water discharge permits for all wastewater
and leachate discharges to ground water, except septic system discharges less than 5,000 gpd.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: All systems at 5,000 gpd or Bore require the Department of Environmental Protection permit. The
Department of Environmental Protection is active in developing technical review criteria for systems less than
5,000. The Department of Environmental Protection also regulates septic system additives.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection has proposed regulations for underground storage tanks,
for petroleum products, excluding residential tanks.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation programs are implemented by the Department of Environmental
Protection, lab services provided by the Department of Health Services (billed to Department of Environmental
Protection accounts).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, RCRA, SWDA, UIC
5.9. Other: Well drilling activities are recorded by the Department of Environmental Protection.
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arm OROUJP-MTEH PROGRAM SDMMABT
STATE: MAINE
1. MATURE OF THE 6R00BD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Oeologie and Hydro-logic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiaaivlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Ptyslograpclc
Region/Province A:
Moosehead Plateau
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTince B:
Aroostook Valley
Physiographic
Ragioo/ProTlnce C:
Central Uplands
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconflned Aqulfer(a)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer (a)
Note A; Of the consolidated rock region, the Moosehead Plateau comprises the northwestern 40} of the state. The
intensity of metamorphism of the rocks increases southeastward. Nearly unmetamorphosed limestone, sandstone, and
shale near the northwestern border with Canada, grade into slate, marble, and quartzits, with occasional intrusive
granite and diabase north of Moosehead Lake. South of Moosehead Lake, high-rank metamorphic and meta-igneous
rocks occur more frequently. The wells in bedrock on the Moosehead Plateau generally yield reliable domestic
supplies. Where greatly fractured or only slightly metamorphosed, the consolidated rock aquifer may yield
sufficient water for small industries.
Mote B; The Aroostook Valley area occupies the northeastern edge of the state. The intensity of metamorphism as
reflected in the rocks is less systematic here, but generally metamorphism increases from north to south. The
wells in the igneous and metamorphic rock usually yield less than 10 gpm. In the limestone and marble, well
yields are relatively high when solution channels are present.
Note C; The Central Uplands region occurs as a broad band of rolling and hilly terrain across the center of the
state. Its geologic sequence, in a line from east to west, is similar to that of the north-south sequence in the
Mooaehead Plateau. The bedrock well yields are usually sufficient for domestic and small municipal and industrial
supplies. The carbonate rocks are not as extensive in this region as compared to the Moosehead Plateau.
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ST1TI: NiZIB
1. ilTDHK V Til OWOID-MATKB IBSOOXCE
1.1. Oaologlo and Hydrologlo CbarBoUriatio*. Describe general geological and hydrolcgloal characteristics
(1.*. formations, rock types, araal extent and thickness, transmisslvity, aquifar Interconnection, axtant
of oontaalaation).
Cteraoterlatloa
Phjr Biographic
Region/Province D:
Coastal Lowlands
Phyalograpblc
Bagion/Provlao* B:
Pbgralograpblc
kagloo/ProTlaoe P:
Percent of state covered
fey till* province (estimated)
Onconflned Aqulfer(a)
In the Coastal Lowlands,
Mhere the population of
Maine la concentrated,
igneous and metanorphlc
gneias, schist, and
pegmatite are acre
abundant than alate and
shale.
Confined iqulfer(s)
Notes: Maine is located entirely within the Glaciated Appalachians region. There are four large unconsolldated
sand and gravel areas: in the southwest and west central region southwest of Moosehead Lake; in the east central
area in southern Aroostook County and eastern Penobscot County; in the St. John River Valley southeast of the
Canadian border; and in the Aroostook River Valley.
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STATE: MAIM
1.2. PrlHPf Use* of around Hater a* Percent of Total Oaage
(toe
Public Hater Systems
(including Municipal)
Industrial
(except Municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
$ of Total % Ground Mater
Oround Water of Total Hater
25 19
*1 5
<1 3
33b 97
1 <1
100 5
"irrigation.
^Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systeaa
19>
89,870
Domestic
Hells
58*
656,000
Total
77*
715,870
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at ATI i mxn
2.1. Sources (Cbeok BBJOT aouroea of
2 • ant Boat serious, «to.)
jvtion and rank top four — 1 • Boat •arlous,
Source Cheek tank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X 4
On-slte industrial X*
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gaa brine pits)
Oil and gaa brine pita
Underground storage X 1
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Cbeok tank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste altes
X 2
Regulated hacardoua
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
X
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X
X 3
'includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Cootadnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
Sodiuit chloride.
-16-
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arm t mm
3. nan OMOID-NATBI MmoimirT STIOCTUM
3.1. State Statute* PerUiniflg to QrauaA-**t*r Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitor^ by Statute
General later pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public haalth
atandarda)
Solid mate
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Pesticides
Statute Basjs/lo.
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Seotiona 4130-8). 1306, 1317 (pro-
hibitions)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Seotiona 363-B, 481, 484(5)
22 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Seotiona 2611-2617, 2641-2648
38 Maine Reviaed Statutes Annotated,
Section 1304(8)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 1304(8) (permits)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 319-B
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 490(1)
36 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Sections 541, 545-A, 551
22 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 1471
Description of Authority Pertaining
to QrouBd-Uater Protection
Prohibit discharge of pollutants to
state waters. "Waters" expressly
includes all surface and aubaurfaoe
waters.
Classification for ground-water
protection froa development.
The state protects water supplies;
local management over water supplies.
Requires licenses for waste facilities
(broad authority).
Specifies prohibition of discharge of
hazardous waste into state waters.
Hazardous waste fund for remedial action
and clean-up.
Requirements for reclamation which
includes ground-water monitoring.
Permits for underground atorsge; Maine
Coastal Protection Funds (includes
remedial action and clean-up).
Regulation of pesticides use,
application, and container regulations
(returnable containers).
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Speoific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
Xa
Standing committee on ground water within the Land and Water Resources Council has been established to review
policy and develop a comprehensive ground-water management strategy.
-17-
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STUB: Main
3*2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Standing Committee on Ground Water within the Land and Vater
Resources Council
3*2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The task of this committee, with the participation of several state agencies, is to review policy and
develop a comprehensive ground-water management strategy. Activities planned Include: aquifer mapping; ground-
water discharge permits; site development licensing; draft LOST regulations; draft ground-water strategy;
contamination response/investigation; water supply; source protection plans; risk assessment; contaminant exposure
guidelines; technical assistance to municipalities and utilities; bedrock aquifer mapping; and agricultural Impact
assessment.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.11.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
GHA — Suitable for drinking water supplies
GWB — Suitable for everything else
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-18-
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STATE: MAINE
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Protection
(ME DEP)
Department of
Hunan Services
Department of
Conservation, Maine
Geological Survey
Oepartaent of
Agriculture, Food
and Rural Resources,
Board of Pesticide
Control
Department of
Transportation
(Wells Claims
Division)
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-delegated Program
RCRA
X
oxc*
X
PWb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground -
Water
Quality
X
X
SoU
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
X
X
Oth«
xo
x«
*UIC s Underground Injection Control.
fcpVS c Public Water System.
°PE « Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-water discharge permits; site development licensing; septic tank solvent regulations; draft LUST regulations;
contamination response/investigation; major pollution control programs.
•water supply programs; septic tanks.
-19-
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STATE: KftZVE
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Cheek if
applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agraeaanta
and Agencies
The Department of Human Services, the Department of
Environmental Protection, and the State Police are involved
with emergency responses.
Maine Geological Survey and Department of Environmental
Protection project to assess extent and condition of major
aquifers in the state.
State Ground-water Protection Commission (study group) and
Memorandum of Understanding between the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Human Services.
The Department of Human Services and the Department of
Environmental Protection are involved together in private well
testing.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Multi-year sand and gravel aquifer mapping program
extent and condition of major aquifers in the most
areas of the state.
USGS monitored wells and wells associated with sand
aquifer mapping.
Completed through sand and gravel aquifer mapping;
through RCRA activities.
to assess
populated
and gravel
also done
-20-
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STATE: HUMS
3.6. State Ground-Mater Nooitoriag Program
Types of Honltorliig
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cheek
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
The state conducts monitoring associated with other
Federally mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and BCRA permitting programs.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites; works closely with EPA at all Superfund
sites; and periodically conducts special surveys for
specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organics,
arsenic, and radon).
The state conducts routine monitoring of public water
system ground water; and monitoring associated with
the Federal Underground Injection Control permitting
and Class V assessment programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeok)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3-7. State Programs for Public Participation
^____^ Context
Approaches "~"^i---^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Ihter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
XXX
X X
Xb X
*The state Department of Environmental Protection occasionally meets with citizens
and local officials to explain the interpretation and use of maps and data on the
state's aquifers.
"Occasional articles on ground-water protection in the Department of Environmental
Protection Agency's newsletter.
-21-
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STATE i
4. STATE IMPLBMBCTATIOM OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT ORODID VATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Xipl«MBtiag Agency
Onsual/Votmorthy
Progm Cbaraoteriatios
oxc
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Protection
All 5 veil classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phases I and II
Department of
Environmental Protection
PUS
Delegated
Department of Human
Services
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Board of Pesticide
Control, Department of
Agriculture, Food and
Rural Resources
-22-
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STATE: MIME
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$610,000 Participation in state aquifer Bapping program.
Comprehensive Ground-Water Management Strategy
Development — $30,000.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$186,910
Regional Ground-Water Quality Studies — $50,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
$717,610
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,900/$32,700 None
UZC
$51,100
Class V Assessments, technical assistance and aquifer
mapping — $16,000.
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$71,200
None
-23-
-------
STATE I NAUR
5. STATI-OlIOIiATED OHOOTTO-WAtll MOTICTI01 PIOOIAMS
5.1. ONUMMbter Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description The Land and Mater Reaouroea Council la ourrantly developing a draft oo^rehensive Banagement
ground-water itratagy.
PY 19M PundlngJ $50,000
Funding Source: Stat* appropriation and 106
5.2. Ground-tour Monitoring
Description: Tb« »t*t« routinely oonitors the public water •ysten ground water, and periodically conducts special
surveys for specific contaminants. It also works in conjunction with the Federal government on the Surface
Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and Class V Assessment
programs.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Oround-Hater Beaource Asses sxnt/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: An aquifer mapping program wss initiated in 1980 by the Department of Environmental Protection and
will be completed by 1990.
FY 1984 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: State appropriation and USCS
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Returnable Container Program including deposits, labeling, identifying distributors, and state
collection program.
FY 1984 Funding: $8,000 ($26,000 appropriated for 1965}
Funding Source:
-2A-
-------
STATE: NIXIE
5.5. Fwalta/Cootrol of DlMbtrfH to Ground Hater
Description: Ground-water discharge permits are issued by the Department of Environmental Protection.
n 1984 Funding: $40,000
Funding Source: DIC and state appropriation
5.6. Septic Hinifleannt Prograsj
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection issues septio tank solvent regulations. The Department
of Hunan Resources enforces the plumbing oode.
Ft 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank PrograsB
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection has prepared draft LUST regulations. Comprehensive plan
prepared.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection has implemented a program for contamination
response/Investigation.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9* Other: The Department of Environmental Protection also handles site development licensing.
-25-
-------
stm OROPND-MATER HOOKAH SUMMARY
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
1. MATURE OF THE GROUND-HATER USOOICB
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologle Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteriatics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteriatics
Physiographic
•eglon/ProTlnce A:
Crystalline Rocks
Physiographic
Ragion/ProTlaee B:
Hoosic-Housatonic Valley
Carbonate Rocks
Physiographic
Beciao/Provlaoe C:
Coastal Basin
Sedimentary Rocks
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnoon fined Aqulfer(s)
See Note A below.
See Note 8 below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Note A; The most areally extensive bedrock aquifer is the crystalline rook complex covering most of the state.
It contains a broad spectrum of igneous and metamorphic types ranging in age from Preoambrian to Carboniferous.
They are generally similar in Hater-bearing characteristics, with well yields usually sufficient for domestic
supplies.
Hote B; In western Massachusetts, the valley of the Hoosic and the Houaatonic Rivers is underlain principally by
carbonate rocks, which continue southward into Connecticut and possibly northward into Vermont. Occurring between
hills of predominantly gneiss and quartzlte to the east and schist to the west, these units of limestone and
dolomite represent a productive aquifer in this portion of the state. The yields of wells are controlled to a
great extent by the size and number of solution channels encountered.
Mote C; within the crystalline terrain in southeast and northeast Massachusetts, portions of the upper bedrock
consist of sedimentary rock units. The dominant rooks, dated as Carboniferous, are elastics, such as sandstone,
shale, and conglomerate, metamorphosed to varying degrees. They were originally deposited in sedimentary basins;
the two largest are the Marragansett and the Boston. Some minor outcrops of similar age rocks occur throughout
Rhode Island and eastern Massschusetts.
-26-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
1. MATURE V THE OBOOID-HATEB RESOOBCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmisslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Regloo/FroYlaee D:
Connecticut Valley
Sedimentary Rocks
Physiographic
Region/Province E:
Physiographic
Regioa/ProTinee P:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
OneoaflMd Aquifer(s)
See Note D below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Note D; In the central part of the state, Trlaaslc age rocks occupy a tectonic basin along the trend of the
Connecticut River. These rocks are primarily sedimentary: sandstone, shale, and conglomerate, with minor
limestone and intruded diabase. The rock types and structures are similar to those found in Triassic basins in
Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland.
Additional Notes: Extensive deposits of unstratifled glacial drift, called till, cover the bedrock over most of
the state. Till generally has a low permeability and for that reason is normally a poor aquifer. During
prolonged periods of drought, wells in till frequently go dry. However, it is still a useful aquifer in many
areas because of its accessibility. Where stratified deposits of fine-grained material are found, the water-
yielding characteristics may be similar to those of till. Eolian, marine-swamp, and lacustrine deposits are
typical fine-grained stratified units.
The most prolific aquifers in Massachusetts are the unconsolidated stratified deposits, predominantly sand
and gravel. There are three major types of sand and gravel deposits, all composed of waterborne material. They
were deposited in contact with glacial ice during the Pleistocene Period, as outwash in drainage areas of the
melting glaciers, or as alluvial materials associated with streams not related to glaciation. Sand and gravel
deposits are common in many areas of the state, particularly in the southeastern portion and on Cape Cod.
-27-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
1.2. PrJaary Qaea of Oround Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Vater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Oround Mater
Ground Hater of Total Water
59 2K
29 .06
2* 28
10b 97
100 13
Irrigation.
"Livestock and domestic/rural.
Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
33*
1,481,220
-28-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of oontawlnation and rank top four
2 = next •oat serious, etc.)
— 1 =
t serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 4
Municipal landfills X 1
On-site industrial Xa
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
iopoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 2
vaste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting X
alncludes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
X
X
X
X
_ _-
Metals X^
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)
-29-
-------
STUB: MASSACHUSETTS
3. STATE GBOOMD-VATEB MABAGEKBVT 3TBUCTOBB
3.1. State Statute* Pertaining to Ground-Vater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General wter pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute laaw/lo.
Massachusetts General Law C.21 (43)
Massachusetts General Law C.111
Massachusetts General Law C.286
A. Aquifer Land Acquisition
B. Ground-Water Contamination Cleanup
General Law C.2lc and (7)
Description of authority Pertaining
to Ground-Miter Protection
Prohibits discharge of pollutants into
Commonwealth waters; specifically
includes ground water.
Establishes standards to ensure drinking
water standards for public water supplies.
A. Disposable land to protect water
supply sites.
B. Cleanup of contaminated water
supplies .
Prohibits disposal of hazardous wastes
without a license; prohibits landfill
disposal of hazardous waste over a
planned or potential underground
drinking water source.
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Statue
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
X
X
Check
-30-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Polio?
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Quality Engineering
3.2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Its I No
Planned ground-water management programs include: ground-water quality standards; aquifer mapping;
aquifer classification; ground-water discharge permits; ground-water protection strategy; aquifer acquisition
program; contamination cleanup program; contamination response/investigation; ground-water monitoring handbooks;
and BMPs for road salts and water supplies.
3*2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The policy specifies "protection of quality and quantity to levels necessary for projected future use."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
1. Drinking Water Quality
2. Saline
3. Below Drinking Water Quality
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Basis for ground-water discharge permit program.
Yes X No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-31-
-------
3TATBl MASSACHUSETTS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Vater Protection
Ground -
Hater
Responsible Policy/
State Rule/
Agency Standard
Department of X
Environfflental
Quality Engineering
Department of
Environmental
Management
Department of Pood
and Agriculture,
Bureau of Pesticides
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
X
Did*
X
PUS"
X
PEC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
HiPPiag.
etc.
X
X
Ground-
Mater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-ioing
X
Other
X*
X«
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Hater System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dOround-water discharge permits; aquifer acquisition program; contamination cleanup program; major pollution control
programs.
eHazardous waste siting.
-32-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
3.4. Xatw-AfeaeT
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
X
Deaorlption of AgreeaMata
and Agencies
Formal ground-water protection strategy.
Inventory of ground-water programs.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Aaaessmeot Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waate sites
Other (specify)
Cheok if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Reconnaissance -level mapping project to delineate aquifers,
waste sites, and supply wells. Used existing information
and developed a state-wide atlas. Individual aquifer
assessments will be conducted as part of a state Aquifer Land
Acquisition Program.
-33-
-------
STATE: MASS!
CHUSETT3
3.6. fttate Ground ilmUr Monitoring
Tjpem of Monitorial
Non-nazarBoua
Waste Sit**
Hazardoua mate sites
Salt water
Pesticides
••blent monitoring
Other:
Gbeok
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring
Date lame of
Computerised Database
(Cheek) (Specify)
The state conducts sonitoring associated with other
Federally mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and BCflA permitting programs.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites, and works closely with EPA at Superfund sites.
The state also periodically conducts special
surreys for specific contaminants (e.g. volatile
organic*}.
Selective monitoring of municipalities.
Efforts are underway to establish an ambient
ground-water monitoring program to be built
around existing USGS and public water system
monitoring programs.
The state conducts routine monitoring of public
water system ground-water sources, and monitoring
associated with the Federal Underground Injection
Control permitting and Class V assessment programs.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-~^^^ Context
Approaches ---^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground-
Ikur
Issues
X*
xa
Regulation
Permit Adoption,
Issuance Changes
Xb Xb
Xa
Specific
Ground-
Hater
Strategy
X
X
Other
Xc
X*
X
xc
'Meetings with citizens and local officials under the 208 program to increase local
awareness of ground-water issues and encourage local adoption of protective measures.
^Meetings conducted in conjunction with adoption of ground-water quality standards
and classification program, submission of an application for UIC primacy, and award
of ground-water discharge permits.
"Meetings and handbook to accompany aquifer delineation program.
dMeetinga to instruct local officials on how to apply for state aquifer acquisition
and contamination clean-up programs.
-34-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
4. STATE HffLEMEMTATIOT OP FEDERAL PIOOBANS TO PiOTBCT OROUIO VATBR
4.1. Progru Status
Federal
Progrsa
SUtua of ProgrsM Delegation
State Xaple»enting Aganoy
Onusual/Motevorthy
Progru Ctaraatarlstios
DIG
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Quality
Engineering
All 5 well classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I only
Department of
Environmental Quality
Engineering
PUS
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Quality
Engineering
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Bureau of Pesticides,
Department of Food
and Agriculture
-35-
-------
STATE: M1SSA CHUSKTTS
4.2. Grant Statoa
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
41,280,000
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$830,600 Data management improvements; assessment effort to
determine solid waste landfill Impacts on ground water;
LUST inventory/assessment; survey of unaddressed ground-
water threats; institutional coordination; development
of statewide ground-water classification system. Review
and coordinate subsurface disposal program — $252,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$3,322,400
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,160,600/$159,600 None
UIC
$56,200
Participation in mapping/classification effort;
Class V Assessments, technical assistance — $22,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$109,000
None
-36-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
5. STATB-OHIGMATED GROOBD-VATEB PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Mater Strategy
(including ground-water quality atandarda and classification)
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The atate routinely monitors public water system ground-water sources, and efforts are underway to
establish an ambient ground-water monitoring program. Special surveys are periodically conducted for specific
contaminants (e.g., volatile organics). Coordinated monitoring occurs in association with such Federally mandated
programs as the Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and the
Class V Assessment.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Asaeaaaeot/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Programs implemented by the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering include aquifer mapping.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5«*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-37-
-------
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Vater
Description: Ground-water discharge permits are issued by the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic fenagaMdt Program
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
•Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Programs for contamination cleanup and response/investigation are implemented by the Department of
Environmental Quality Engineering.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otter
-38-
-------
STATE CTOCTP-MTM PBOOKAM STOMAM
STATE: BV HAMPSHIRE
1. HATORB OP THE GHOUID-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologio Cnarmetwiatlea. Describe general geological and hydrologioal cbaracterlatica
(i.e. formatlona, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmisslvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
CtawMterimties
Phy alographio
Region/Province a:
Glaciated Appalachians
Region
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
PhTalagrmphlc
Regloo/Provinee C:
Percent of atate oorared
by tola province (estimated)
66*
331
ftooonflned Aquifer(a)
Approxiaately two-thirds
of the atate la underlain
by sedimentary and
volcanic rocks of
middle Paleozoic age
which have been oeta-
morphosed to varying
extents.
Approximately one-
third of the atate
is underlain by
•Iddle and late
Paleozoic intruaives.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: The upper bedrock is composed of a full suite of rock types. Sand and gravel comprise the major water-
yielding unit, occurring mainly as outwash deposited by melt waters from Pleistocene glaciation, and as outwash
and alluvium deposited in narrow stream valleys during late Pleistocene glacial, post-glacial, and recent times.
The minor aand and gravel deposits occur as kames, eskers, and lenses of sorted material within till.
The long-term yields are limited by the thickness and extent of the deposits. The best yields usually occur
in wells adjacent to perennial streams, where pumping may induce surface water into the aquifer. The available
information suggests that yields of a few hundred gpm are common. The deposits are reported to be as much as 200
feet thick.
-39-
-------
STATIt nv HAMP3BIU
1.2. Prim? QMS of Ground Mater •• Percent of Total Usage
fee
Public Mater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Dome stic /Rural*
Other (specify)
Total
f of Total % Ground Hater
Oround Mater of Total Hater
66 48
20 1
11 93
100 7
'includes livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Oround Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1964
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
15*
146,550
Domestic
Wells
35%
341 ,950
Total
50*
466,500
-40-
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STATE: UN BAMPSHXBS
2.1. aouroas (Cbwk awjor aouroaa of oofitaad nation and rank top four — 1 * Boat avrioua,
2 • nut aost aarloua, ate.)
Source Gteok Rank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X 2
On-site industrial Xa 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 3
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Chaok lank
Injection mils
Abandoned hazardous
mate sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting X 1
'includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. ContaadLnatinK Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-41-
-------
ST1TK:
EH BAMPSBIBB
3. ST1TB GROUHMUTBB NAJAGBMEIT STBOCTDBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality mod Pollution Oootrol
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute
Bescriptloo of lutborltjr Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Proteotlcn
General water pollution
control
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 149
Empowers the New Hampshire Mater Supply
and Pollution Control Commission to
regulate all discharges to ground water.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Mew Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 149
Same as above.
Solid waste
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 149-M
Disposal, storage, treatment, and
processing of solid waste.
Hazardous waste
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 14?-A:4
Gives authority related to the discharge
of hazardous waste.
Mining
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 12-E
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 155-E
All mining of mineral and metal deposits
on state lands.
Prohibits earth excavations that would
substantially damage a known aquifer.
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-42-
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STATE: BV BAMP3BZRB
3.2.2. Development of Orau&d-ttftter Policy
3.2.2.1. IB there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yea _£_ No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Hater Supply and Pollution Control Counisaion
3.2.2.3. Describe development proceaa (later-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Ground-water responsibilities are currently being reorganized in New Hampshire. Existing and planned
programs Include: aquifer mapping; ground-water discharge permits; well driller registration; contamination aite
modelling; draft LUST regulations; and contamination response/investigation.
3.2.3. Cnaracterlstlca of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The policy states that "ground waters of the state shall be potentially usable as water supplies."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
All ground water shall be protected as existing or potential water supply sources.
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-43-
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STATE: RV HAMPSHIRE
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Water Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
Water Resources
Board
Department of
Health and Welfare
Pesticide Board
Department of
Resources and
Economic
Development
Agriculture
Department
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
rac*
X
PlBb
X
PB°
X
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-lclag
Other
**
Xe
Xf
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-water discharge permits; pollution control programs.
*Well driller registration.
fDraft LUST regulations; contamination response/investigation; contamination site modeling.
-44-
-------
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: MEW H1MPSHJBE
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-tiater discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Responsibility of the Council on Resources and Development, an
inter-agency board of eleven agency directors.
Memoranda of Understanding between New Hampshire Water Supply
and Pollution Control Commission and the New Hampshire
Department of Health and Welfare; also Memoranda of
Understanding between the New Hampshire Water Supply and
Pollution Control Commission and the New Hampshire Water
Resources Planning Board.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Completed initial reconnaissance-level assessment map based on
existing data.
On-going investigations on a case-by-case basis.
-45-
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3TATB: n« BANPSBXBI
3.6. SUU Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
mate sites
fiazardoua waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The state conducts monitoring associated with
Federally-mandated programs such aa the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and RCRA permitting programs.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites, and works closely with the EPA at all Superfund
aitea. The state alao periodically conducts surveys
for specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organics,
arsenic, and radon).
The state conducts routine monitoring of public water
system ground-water sources, and monitoring associated
with the Federal Underground Injection Control and
Class V assessment programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cheek)
•as* of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
»*«r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa
xb xb
Xa X° Jf
"Hearings and public information in conjunction with adoption of ground-water
discharge permit regulations and submission of an application for UIC
primacy.
bMeetings with local officials and regional planning commissions under the 208 program
to Increase local awareness of ground-water issues and encourage local adoption of
protective measures.
°Handbook for local officials used to explain ground-water protection programs at
meetings.
-46-
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STATE: IBM HAMPSHIRE
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF ROERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROUMD HATER
4.1. Pram Statua
Federal
Status of Prognui Delegation
State iBpleBentlag Agency
Ohuatal/Rotaworthy
Program Characteristics
me
Delegated
Hater Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
All 5 well classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phases I and IX
Department of Health
and Welfare
PWS
Delegated
Nater Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Pesticide Board, and
Hater Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
-47-
-------
4.2. Grant Stattu
nun i new HAMPSHIRE
Ormnt
1985 AUotttl
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeete/Taak* and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$360,000
Hone
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$244,460 Septage and sludge disposal assessment project:
$91,000.a
Cooperative program with OSGS for aquifer mapping:
$25,000.*
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$977,840
None
RCAA
Section 3011
$219,900/132,700 None
UIC
$45,700
Aquifer mapping; Class V Assessments; technical
assistance: $19,500.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$69,900
None
*Data for FY 1984 programs.
-48-
-------
arm I nv UNTSBXII
5. STATB-01IOIIATBD OMUID-VaTM PBOTlCTIOi FiOOUMS
5.1. Orcund-BiUr Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and olaasifioatlon)
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. OrouDd-Hator Monitorial
Description: The state routinely monitors public mter system ground-water sources and periodically conducts
special surveys for specific contaminants (e.g.f volatile organica, arsenic, radon). It also works in conjunction
with the Federal government on the Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground
Injection Control, and Class V Assessment programs.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Besource I ssessaent/aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Aquifer mapping is conducted by the USGS under contract with the Hater Resources Board. The Water
Supply and Pollution Control Commission has a minor aquifer mapping project.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-49-
-------
STATE: BV UMP3HXIB
5.5. Pwaits/Cootrol of Discfcargea to Oround Hater
Description: Ground-water discharge permits are distributed by the Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Saptio Ifenagement Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, in consultation with the other water resource
agencies, has prepared draft underground storage tank regulations.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than ROM/Super fund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation programs are implemented by the Water Supply and Pollution
Control Commission.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: Well-drilling registration and contamination site modelling are conducted by the Water Resources
Board.
-50-
-------
STATE OROPMD-MATKR PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATB: RHODE ISLAND
1. BATURB OP THE OROOBD-VATBR BBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlasivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Crystalline Rock
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Sedimentary Rock
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconfined Aquifer(s)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Note A! The crystalline rocks of Rhode Island are found in the western half and in the southeast corner of the
state. The rocks are quite variable in type and age. Metamorphio rocks include schist, gneiss, quartzlte,
marble, and greenstone, and igneous rocks include granite , diorite, gabbro and voloanios. The ages of these
rooks vary from Preoambrian to post-Pennaylvanian. From a water-yielding standpoint, little distinction has been
ae.de between crystalline types. The crystalline rooks are generally tapped for domestic supplies, and yields are
usually small.
Note B; The upper bedrock in about one-third of Rhode Island is composed of sedimentary rocks of the
Pennsylvania!! age. These rocks occur in three structural basins, the Narragansett, the North Scituate, and the
Woonsocket. The rocks are predominantly non-marine elastics, ranging in composition from conglomerate to shale.
Coal beds occasionally occur in the sequence. These rocks have been slightly to extensively deformed and
metamorphosed. The sedimentary rocks have a higher water-yielding capability than the crystallines.
Additional Notes: Except for Block Island, which lies to the south and is in the Coastal Plain, all of Rhode
Island lies within the Glaciated Appalachians region. The crystalline rocks are prominent in the eastern and
western parts of the state, separated by a sequence of sedimentary rocks trending north to south. Mantling these
consolidated rocks nearly completely are unconsolidated deposits, primarily unstratifled, unsorted glacial till
but with Important areas of sorted sand and gravel. Till mantles the bedrock nearly completely in all areas not
covered by sand and gravel. In the upland areas, till is the exclusive bedrock cover.
The aquifer in Rhode Island which can provide the highest yields to individual wells is composed of sand and
gravel. These deposits are sorted and stratified, primarily composed of outwash but with associated alluvium and
ice-contact units. They lie along nearly all the major streams, and especially in the central and southwestern
portions; they also occur in some interstream areas. Properly constructed and developed sand and gravel wells may
be capable of high yields.
-51-
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STATE: 1BODK ISLAND
1.<. Primary O*M of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
OM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
51 15
35 35
ta 10
13b 100
100 22
alrrigation.
livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
15*
142,000
Domestic
Wells
9*
67,000
Total
2H%
229,000
-52-
-------
STATE: ABODE ISUUHD
2.1. Sources (Check Major aourcea of
2 * next aoat aerioua, etc.)
Btaadnatioa and rank top four —Is aoat aerioua,
Source Cheek lank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site Industrial X* *
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 1
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting X
alncludes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
- -
X
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify) =
-53-
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STATEz RHODE ISLAND
3. STATE GIOOMD-WATER MAHAQEHEIT STROCTOBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertalnlns to Oround-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Ncnitored bar Statute
Statute BUM/NO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control •
Rhode Island General Laws,
Section 46-12-28
Section 46-12-5 (Hater Pollution)
Ground waters are deened state waters.
Prohibits placement of any pollutant
in a location likely to enter state
waters.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
46-13-1 (Public Drinking Water)
46-14-1 (Drinking Water)
Safety in public water supplies.
Prohibition of pollution regarding water
supply wells.
Solid waste
23-18.9-1 (Refuse Disposal)
Prohibition of disposal of solid waste in
potential drinking water supplies.
Hazardous waste
Rhode Island General Laws,
Section 23-19.1-1
Prohibition concerning hazardous waste.
Disposal in potential drinking water
supplies.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
45-214.1
State zoning ordinances.
Notea:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
X
I
X
Check
-54-
-------
1BODK XSUMD
».»•*•
ami-***
tbere »
A,<
Or«** "*t*rioy or strategy developmentj process?
m*m*~
q.2.2'3*
Rhode Island Departawnt of Environmental Management, Division of Hater
Resources
'* jt ppocesa (iater>agency agreeaents, progress to date, target coapletioo date, etc.):
.iderway to develop a model to delineate the aquifer recharge areas around major public
Island* a Mter quality management plan includes: aquifer mapping; aquifer protection
Discharge permits; well driller reporting; ground-water protection strategy; contamination
P«oa; and ground -water pollution source inventory.
.reasi Jtorlitle* of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
i . .
1
Limited degradation!
Differential protection
Oteok
X
X
Notea:
3.Z.*. »oUoy Claasifioation
3*2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Oumllty Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used? -
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-55-
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STATE: HBODE
3.3. State Agency Reapoaalbilltiea for Oround-Vater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Management
Department of
Health
Oround-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
TOO"
PKC
Other
Data
CoUeo-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
*UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-water discharge permits; well driller reporting; contamination response/investigation; draft LUST regulations;
septic tanks.
-56-
-------
3.*. Xut«r-Afenojr AfreesMBts
STATI: BBODB ISLAID
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Department of Health and the Office of State Planning
The Department of Health and the Department of Environmental
Management Jointly share data and resolution of issues.
The Department of Environmental Management and USGS for
sampling.
Formal policy for Internal coordination within Department of
Environmental Management.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground -water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Qjeck if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
A project to develop a model to delineate the aquifer recharge
areas around major public water supply wells.
Delineate via mapping.
Mapping of locations of incidents.
-57-
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STATE: MODE ZSLAID
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Type* of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
waste aites
Hazardous mate aites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The state conducts monitoring in association with
Federally mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and RCRA permitting programs.
The state periodically conducts special surveys for
specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organica);
monitors known and suspected contamination aites;
and vorks closely with EPA at Super fund sites.
Governor's Advisory Committee to make decisions
on monitoring.
An initial effort la underway to establish ambient
ground -water monitoring program to be built around
existing USGS and public water system monitoring
programs .
The state conducts monitoring associated with the
Federal Underground Injection Control and Class V
assessment programs, as well as routine monitoring
of public water system ground sources.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
«iur Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
xa
X X
xb
X
X X
"Public meetings in conjunction with development of a state underground injection
control program.
^Speakers provided for public groups Interested in learning about the state's
growing ground-water protection program.
-58-
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STAttl BHODR ISLAMD
4. STATE IMPUMBMTATIOM OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PIOTBCT OBOOMD HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
SUtut of Protrta MLttt
State
Qbu8u>l/Not«Horthy
DIG
Oelc«atad
Department of
Environmental
Management
All 5 well olaasea plua
aubaurfaee dlspoaal of
non-hazardous waste.
RCRA
Delegated
Phases X and XI
Department of
Environmental
Management
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Division of
Agriculture and
Marketing, Department
of Environmental
Management
-59-
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ST1TB: BHODK ISLAND
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific around-Uater
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$560,000
$25,000 towards ground water
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$162,090
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$618,000
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,900/$33,300 None
UIC
$12,600
Aquifer napping
Class V assessments — $22,000
Technical assistance
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$70,100
None
-60-
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STATE: IBODE ISLAID
5. STATB-ORIGI1ATBD CROWD-WATER PBOTBCTIOi PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Department of Environmental Management has the responsibility for drafting a ground-water
strategy; no specific information has been provided.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: State efforts are underway to establish an ambient ground-water monitoring program to be built
around existing USGS and public water system monitoring programs. Periodic surveys for specific contaminants are
conducted. Coordinated monitoring occurs in association with Federally-mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and the Class V Assessment.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Aquifer mapping/modelling is conducted by the Department of Environmental Management.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
ft 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
-61-
-------
STATE: UODE ZSLAID
5.5. Feralts/Control of Discharges to around Water
Description: Ground-water discharge orders are issued by the Department of Environmental Management.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Environmental Management has responsibility for drafting underground storage tank
regulations.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation activities are conducted by the Department of Environmental
Management.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-62-
-------
StATB OBOOMP-MATEB PBOOBAM 5DMMAHI
STATE: fEIMOIT
1. IATOBK OF THB OBOU1D-WATBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Bjdrologie Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Begion/Province A:
Vermont Lowland
Physiographic
Begion/Proviaee B:
Green and
Taconic Mountains
Physiographic
Bagion/ProTlnoe C:
Vermont Piedmont
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
18J
38J
Dboonfioed Aquifer(s)
The Vermont Lowland,
located in the western
part of the state, is
a sequence of carbonates,
quartz!tea, shales, and
slates. Carbonates dom-
inate and are the prin-
cipal water producer
Very little original
porosity remains in
these rocks. Yields
are low to moderate
depending upon the
permeability created by
post depositional
fracturing.
Lying east of the
Vermont Lowland is a
highland area composed
of a sequence of de-
formed clastic rocks
metamorphosed to vary-
ing degrees. The high-
lands are called the
Green Mountains, and
consist of Precambrian
and early Paleozoic
argillaceous slate,
schist, gneiss,
phyllite, quartzite,
and marble. In the
southwest, a mass of
similar rocks lie dis-
tinct from the Green
Mountains, separated
from them by the Vermont
Valley, called the
Taconic Mountains.
The Paleozoic crystalline
rocks of the Vermont Pied-
mont are similar to those
of the Green Mountains.
However, there are two
exceptions: the Piedmont
has prominent carbonates
and acidic intrusives.
Physiographically, the
Piedmont has a gently
rolling, dissected
surface and is separ-
ated from the Green
Mountains by a series
of north-south trending
valleys. Because of
the greater frequency
of occurrences of
carbonates in the
Vermont Piedmont as
compared to the Green
Mountains, yields tend
to be higher.
Confined Aquifer(s)
In some localities uncon-
solidated and consolidated
aquifers are confined by
overlying aqultards of
glacial tills, silts, and
clays. Areal extent of
the confined zones is
generally limited by the
rugged and steep
topography. The median
yield for all wells of
record is close to six
gallons/minute.
Notes: The sand and gravel aquifers in Vermont occur in major stream valleys. The variations in yields of wells
often depend upon the quantity of water desired, that is wells drilled for domestic purposes are terminated once
the yield reaches the normal anticipated five gallons/minute, regardless of the potential of the aquifer.
-63-
-------
8TATI: fllMOIT
1.2. Primary QMS of Ground Hater •» Percent of Total Once
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural*
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Qround Utter
Oround Hater of Total Hater
37 .2
12 1
13 30
38 83
100 7
"Irrigation.
Includes livestock.
1.3. Population Beliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
22%
113,000
Domestic
Hells
32%
162,000
Total
5W
275,000
-64-
-------
arm: fimon
2.1. Souroea (Cbeok major MUTOM of
2 • next ami awrioua, etc.)
aatioo and rank top four — 1 « Mat serious,
Source Cbaok tank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X 4
On-iitt industrial X*
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Othar landfills
Surface lapoundnsnts X
{•xoluding oil and
gas brim pits)
Oil and gas brim pits
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Othar (sptolfy)
Source Chock lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 3
Road salting X 1
•includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Ceetasdnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals!
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenio
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-65-
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STATE: VERMONT
3. STATE GBOOID-WATEB MAIAGEMEIT STBDCTTOB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Developments
Statute Eaae/lo.
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 1259 (a)
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 905b(17)
Vermont Statute, Title 16,
Chapter 23
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 1279
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Chapter 159
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Chapter 159
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 6001 et. seq. (Act 250)
Vermont Statute, Title 29,
Chapter 14
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 6001 et. seq. (Act 250)
Description of authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
Prohibits the discharge of any waste
into an injection well or state waters
without a permit.
Authority to protect and manage state
waters.
Authority to regulate public water
supplies.
Authority to control pollution of ground-
water resources.
Authority for Secretary to protect
ground-water quality in vicinity of
landfill and to require monitoring.
Same as above.
Any development must not result in undue
water pollution.
Authority to control oil and gas
exploration and operation. Rules require
permit under Act 250.
No development may result in undue water
pollution or involve the injection of
water into ground water or wells.
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy8
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
"Vermont Statute, Title 10, Section 1278
-66-
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STATE: TBBMOIT
3.2.2. DmlofMt of Ground-Utter Policy
3*2.2.1. Xa there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering coonlttee: Departaent of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Vermont has a ground-water protection program which specifies a course for ground-water protection and
management for the next 5-10 years. It is based on ten established ground-water protection principles and focuses
on a policy of protection, rather than prevention.
The plan includes the following programs to be Implemented: aquifer mapping; aquifer protection areas;
ground-water discharge permits; well driller reporting; ground-water protection strategy; contamination
response/investigation; and ground-water pollution source Inventory.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The classification of ground water is based on existing and future uses, vulnerability, and an
acceptable degree of risk. There are two categories:
Class I — Waters contained in aquifers that supply, or in the future could supply, community water supplies.
Such waters will receive stringent protection.
Class II — All waters not contained in Class I. Such waters will be protected by existing codes, standards, and
regulations.
Yes No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Drinking water standards are used as effluent standards for industrial discharges to the subsurface.
3.2.5.3> Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Vermont drinking water standards are at least as stringent as the Federal drinking water standard.
-67-
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STATE: VERMONT
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Water
Resources and
Environmental
Engineering
Department of
Health
Department of
Agriculture
Agency of
Transportation
Environmental
Board
Ground -
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIC*
X
MBb
X
PKC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
Other
Xd
Xe
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-water discharge permits; well driller reporting; contamination response/investigation; ground-water pollution
source inventor •
eWater supply program.
-68-
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STATE: TERMOIT
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Road de-icing
Check if
applicable
X
X
X
Description of agreements
and agencies
Implementation of ground-water strategy is coordinated by the
Ground -Water Coordinating Committee.
Memorandum of Understanding between the Vermont Department of
Water Resources and Environmental Engineering , the Vermont
Department of Health, and the Vermont Department of Agriculture.
Agreement between the Agency of Transportation and the Agency
of Environmental Conservation.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Ground-water levels
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Completed a reconnaissance level mapping program to identify the
recharge areas around all public water supply wells within the
state using existing data.
Some historic data from random sampling.
The Agency of Environmental Conservation monitors ground-water
quality at all newly certified landfills.
The Agency of Environmental Conservation monitors ground-water
levels in cooperation with the USDS at a network of observation
wells.
i
-69-
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STATE: VERMONT
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Progru
types of Monltorlflg
Non-hazardous
taste aitea
Haxardoua mate aitea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
Z
x
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The atate conducts monitoring on Federally mandated
programs such aa the Surface Impoundment Assessment
and RCRA permitting programs.
The atate conducts special surveys for specific
contaminants (e.g. volatile organlcs); monitors
known and suspected contamination aitea; and
works closely with the EPA at all Superfund aites.
Cooperative study of pesticides in "right of way*
areas — railroad tracks, power lines, etc.
The atate conducts routine monitoring of public water
system ground-water sources, as well as monitoring
associated with the Underground Injection Control
and Class V assessment programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Gbaok)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-— — .^^^ Context
Approaches -^^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
Mt«r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Cbangea Strategy Other
X X Xa
Xb X X°
X°
XXX
X X
aState ground-water protection strategy.
bMeetings with regional planning agencies, local officials and citizens under the
208 program to Increase local awareness of ground-water issues and encourage use
of protective measures.
°State meetings with local officials and citizens' groups to plan and implement
local aquifer protection programs.
-70-
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STATE: VERMOIT
4. STATE HffLEMBHTATZOI Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PEOTECT CROWD MATES
4.1. Program Statua
Federal
Program
Statua of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Qjwaual/lotevorthy
Prograa Cbaraeteriatios
OIC
Delegated
Departaent of Water
Resources and
Environnental
Engineering
All 5 well classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phases I and II
Department of Water
Resources and
Environmental
Engineering
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-71-
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STATE: VMNOIT
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Gretad-Mater
ProJecU/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$270,000
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119*160 Public water aupply recharge area napping project;
technical aaaiatancef ttudy of effect of on-aite
dlapoaal en ground mter — $24,000.*
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(g)
$476,640
None
RCRA '
Section 3011
$219,900/132,700 None
U1C
$42,000
Support of recharge area mapping program; Claaa V
AaMtamantij technical asaiatanoe — $20,500.
FIFRA
Section 23(a}(1)
$69,900
None
*Data for FY 1964 programs.
-72-
-------
STATE: VERMONT
5. 8TATE-01IOXUTKD OBOUBD-VATEB PBOTBCTIOB PROGRAMS
5.1. flpound-itatw Strategy
(including ground-water quality atandarda and classification)
Deacrlption: The Vermont Ground-Water Protection Program ia managed by the Department of Hater Resources and
Environmental Engineering. The program implements a policy of minimum degradation through a two-tier
olaaalfioatlon ayatern. Protection through the moat technically feasible means, not correction, ia the program's
•ain objective. Four goala and tan principles establish a oourae for ground-water protection and management for
the aaxt 5-10 yeara.
FY 1981 Funding: $36,000
Funding Source: State General Fund
5.2. Orouad-WaUr Monitoring
description! The atate routinaly monitor* the public watar ayatan ground-watar aouroaa, and periodically conduct*
apeoial aurvaya for •pacific oontamlnanta. It alao works ia conjunction with the Federal government on the
Surface Impoundment iaaeaanent, RCRA permitting, Super fund, Underground Injection Control, and Claaa V Aaaaaament
programa.
FY 1961 FundIngi No breakdown
Funding Source: State General Fund) Safa Drinking Water Act; RCRAj Superfund
5.3. flroiind'Miter Baaouroa Aaaaaaaiant/Aquifar Study/Napping
Deaorlption: Aquifer mapping and tha development of aquifer protaotion areai are conducted by the Department of
Water Reaouroaa and Bnvironnantal Enginaaring.
FY 1984 Funding: $10,000
Funding Source: State General Fund; FY 1983 UIC carryover
5.1. Agricultural Cootuiaatioc Control
Daaoriptioni
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
-73-
-------
STATE: TCRMOR
5.5. Pwalta/Cootrol of Dlaobargea to Ground Mater
Description: The state issues ground-water discharge permits. During 198" the state Issued 113 permits for storm
water infiltration basins and seven permits for curtain drain type discharges of ground-water back to ground
water.
FT 1984 Funding: Mo breakdown
Funding Source: State General Fund
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The state permits septic systems for public buildings, sub-divisions, and larger discharges. The
Vermont On-Site Program, a private not-for-profit organization, assists local governments to administer single lot
systems permit programs.
FY 1984 Funding: $500,000
Funding Source: State General Fund; user fees
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The state investigates leaks and spills and is seeking statutory authority to control underground
storage tanks.
FY 1984 Funding: No breakdown
Funding Source: RCRA; State General Fund
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation programs are established by the Department of Mater Resources
and Environmental Engineering.
FY 1984 Funding: No breakdown
Funding Source: RCRA
5.9. Other: The state requires the reporting of well drilling.
FY 1984 Funding: 426,000
Funding Source: State General Fund
-74-
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REGION II
-------
STATE GRODHD-HATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STUB: nv JERSEY
1. MATURE OF THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hjdrologie Ouunetcrlatios. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Charmcteriatics
Physiographic
Region/Proriitoe A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Triaaaic Lowlands
Pby Biographic
Region/Province C:
Highlands
Hro«nt of state covered
by this province (estimated)
59%
23%*
I8jfa
Dnconflned Aquifer(s)
Cohansey Sand: variable
transmissiveness, may be
very prolific producer in
areas of sufficient
thickness.
Holly Beach Eatuarlne
Sands: shallow sand
aquifer used in southern
Cape May County.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
The geology of this region
is characterized as an
overlying and overlapping
sequence of southeasterly
dipping and thickening
sediments lying upon
predominantly crystalline
rock. Sands, gravel, silt,
and clay are the dominant
materials composing the
unconsolidated coastal
plain sediments.
Ground water accounts for
approximately 90> of this
region's water supply and
there are four major
aquifer systems:
1. Potomac-Raritan-
Magothy: oldest,
thickest, most extensive,
and most developed.
2. Englishtown: thin,
low transmissivity, clay
and silt sediments,
limited producing
capacities.
3. Mount Laurel-Henonah :
thin, low transmissivity,
and consistent thickness
of the water producing
facies.
4. Kirkwood: highly
variable lithology and
transmissivity, limited
development In some areas,
but highly developed in
coastal barrier islands,
found in most areas of
Coastal Plain.
The region consists of
glacial aquifers composed
of outwashed and
stratified drift, limited
to existing northern
valleys. The geology
consists of sedimentary
and igneous rocks as well
as unconsolidated glacial
deposits. The region is
dominated by red shale
containing intersecting
fractures and joint
systems, which allow
ground-water storage and
flow to occur.
This region consists of
glacial aquifers composed
of outwashed and stratified
drift, limited to existing
northern valleys. This
region is characterized
primarily by Precambrian
gneisses and quartzites, as
well as Paleozoic
sedimentary sandstone,
shale, siltstone, limestone,
and conglomerate layers, as
well as unconsolidated
glacial deposits.
The Precambrian gneisses
are generally less
productive rock aquifers
due to their tight joint
and fracture systems; the
Paleozoic sedimentary rock
aquifers can be productive
for local use.
One major exception is the
Kittatinny formation which
contains prolific water-
bearing zones in rock
cavities.
Estimate.
-75-
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STATE: MEN JBBSEX
1.2. Prlawry Dees of Ground Hater ma Percent of Total Ooage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
62 16
22 5
5a 1
11b 3
100 25
Irrigation.
^Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems8 Wells" Total
46f
^,021,000
aOf the 622 Community Public Water Systems, 558 obtain their supplies from
ground-water sources.
bAn estimated 200 households in New Jersey rely on domestic wells.
-76-
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STATE: RH JERSEY
2.1. Sources (
Muroea of eontudLmtlan ud rank top four — 1 «
2 « next Boat aerioua, etc.)
aerioua,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Check Bank
Z 4
X
X 3
X
X 2
X
X 1
Source Cheek Rank
Injection wells
X
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify):
Illegal dumping; improperly construe ted /abandoned wells; acid
drainage; animal feed lots; leaky sanitary sewer lines; mine
and tailings; abandoned impoundments; and drainage wells and
X
X
X
X
X
mine
spoil piles
sumps.
2.2. Contaadnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:3
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:''
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals0
Radioactive material*1
Pesticides
Other (specify)6
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Notes: The state of New Jersey has provided a detailed and comprehensive list of contaminating substances. The
list below includes only a portion of the full list.
•includes chlorinated hydrocarbons, cyanide, ethanol wastes, explosives (TNT), flammable solvents, halogenated
solvents, oil, miscellaneous organics, and phenol.
Includes aanonluic salts, arsenic, fluoride, lead solvents, phosphorus, and selenium.
"includes barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel,
silver, vanadium, and zinc.
^Includes radium.
'includes biological waste.
-77-
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STATE: BV JBRSBX
3. STATE OROOMD-KATER MAMGBMEBT STROCTORB
3.1. State Statute* Fartalalat to Ground Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Noaltored by Statute
Oaneral water pollution
control
Qround-wtar quality
(including public health
standard!)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Statute laaw/lo.
Saa ground-water quality.
1977 Maw Jarssy Water Pollution
Control Act
Naw Jersey Solid Waste Managaaant
Act
Naw Jersey Solid Wasta Managaaant
Act
1977 Naw Jarsay Watar Pollution
Control Act
19"? Ground-Water Law
1981 Watar Supply Managanant Act
Description of Authority Parteiaii«
to Ground Ifcter Proteotlon
Protects both tha surfaoa and ground
watara from contamination through tha
Naw Jaraay Pollution Discharge
Elimination System Parmlt Program.
Parmlttad facilities include all those
which: dlsoharge pollutants to ground
water; use land application of
residuals; use land application of
municipal and industrial waste waters;
discharge leaohate into the ground water
from faoilitiea under the jurisdiction
of the Solid Waste Management Act; store
any liquid or aolid pollutant, in a
significant quantity, in a manner
designed to keep it from entering the
waters of the state (e.g., chemical and
oil storage tanks); or dlsoharge
pollutants into wells.
Oives the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection the authority
to regulate the generation, transport,
treatment, atorage and disposal of
hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
Same as above.
Moratorium on uranium mining ststewlde.
Oives the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Proteotlon the power to
regulate water withdrawals in the state,
aa wall as requiring well permits.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.1. Statue
Ground water covered under
general atate atatutaa
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
X
-78-
-------
ST1II: n« JERSXT
3.2.2. Development of Ground-HaUr Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering
Tea
Ho
ilttee: Mew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Pivision of Water
Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The New Jersey Hater Pollution Control Act regulates and protects the surface and ground water of the
state frt>m contamination through the Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit Program. Permits are required
from all facilities which contribute to ground-water discharge through direct discharge, wells, and leachate, land
applications of municipal and industrial waste waters, and the storage of liquid or solid pollutants in large
quantities.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: Policy is between non-degradation and limited degradation; the entire state is designated as a protected
ground-water area.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Four classes are distinguished based on total dissolved solids.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. Now are the standards used?
Yes X
No
For potable supply use, standards for ground-water clean-up, aa permits for ongoing discharges, and Tor
regulatory purposes in the central pine barren critical area.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Nutrients, metals, and organics.
-79-
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STATE: IBM JERSEY
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Bureau of Ground -
Water Discharge
Permits
New Jersey
Geological Survey
Bureau of Water
Supply
Bureau of Water
Allocation
Bureau of Potable
Water
Department of
Environmental
Protection,
Division of Water
Resources
Department of
Environmental
Protection
Department of
Environmental
Protection, Bureau
of Pesticide Control
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCR1
X
X
X
oic*
X
X
X
X
X
PWSb
X
X
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
X
i
X
Ground -
Water
Quality
X
X
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Minil*
X
X
X
X
X
Protec-
tion
from
load
De-icing
X
X
X
Other
X*
x«
xf
x«
xh
X1
xJ
8UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
''conducts comprehensive program for permitting discharges to ground water; provides high technical expertise in geology,
soils, and ground water.
Provides technical support for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; includes the Ground-Water Pollution
Program, the Ground-Water Resources Evaluation Program, and the Geology and Topography Programs.
fAdministers the various planning programs set forth in the statewide Water Supply Master Plan under the Water Supply
Management Act.
^Issues water allocations, well permits, and well drillers licenses.
"Manages work programs and activities to ensure a desirable and effective comprehensive statewide drinking water
program. (Not a direct ground-water agency.)
^Performs enforcement activities: identification and mitigation of ground-water contamination sources, permit compliance
monitoring inspections and compliance activities.
^Coordinating agency.
-80-
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STATE: IBM JERSEY
Topics
Protection of apeciflo aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Aquifer study/monitoring
Check If
Aoolloable
X
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Delaware River Basin Commission.
The Bureau of Ground-Hater Discharge Permits, Enforcement
Regions, USGS, Bureau of Water Supply, and the Division of Waste
Management work together to investigate and follow up on ground-
water contamination problems when responding to contamination of
potable supply wells. The Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge
Permits, Enforcement Regions, and the Bureau of Water Supply
work together to Identify pollution sources through
investigation of area industries.
The Division of Water Resources/EPA under the underground water
resource protection program.
The Division of Water Resources, the Division of Waste
Management, the Delaware River Basin Commission, and EPA.
The New Jersey Geological Survey, the Bureau of Water
Allocation, the Delaware River Basin Commission, and USGS
maintain a close cooperative relationship in order to exchange
Information and expertise.
The Division of Water Resources has a cooperative agreement
with USGS to maintain a statewide long-term salt water intrusion
monitoring network. Other cooperative programs with USGS
provide for aquifer studies.
3.5* Status of Ground-Hater Reaouroe Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, water supply
studies, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Water supply
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The New Jersey Geological Survey gathers information regarding
the characteristics of the state's aquifers, and to develop
hydrogeological maps.
The New Jersey Geological Survey determines the extent and
distribution of the various geological formations and assesses
ground -water quantity and quality.
The Divisions of Water Resources and Waste Management conduct
specialized testing to provide accurate assessments of pollution
sites. At least once per year the Division of Water Resources,
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection conducts
compliance evaluation and sampling inspections at approximately
34 hazardous waste facilities subject to ground-water monitoring
requirements. Follow-up enforcement action is initiated as
necessary by the Division of Water Resources. The New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection receives Federal funds
under the RCRA grant work plan to conduct the above activities.
i
Water supply feasibility studies at Camden, Atlantic City, and
South River are administered by the Bureau of Water Supply. i
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STATE: UH JBRSET
3.6. State around-Utter Monitoring Pragru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring3
Other:
Department of
Transportation
New Jersey Pollutant
Discharge
Elimination System
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
The Division of Hater Resources monitors water quality
around non-hazardous landfills, and reports potential
and actual contamination to the Division of Waste
Management's Enforcement Agency. The Bureau of Ground-
Water Discharge Permits issues permits and the
Enforcement Element conducts compliance monitoring at
all discharge sites.
The Division of Water Resources issues NJPDES permits
and conducts compliance evaluation and sampling
inspections at hazardous waste land disposal
facilities in order to ensure that ground-water
monitoring systems are designed, constructed, and
operated so as to prevent any discharges onto the
land and into the ground and surface waters.
Follow-up enforcement action is taken by the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection as
necessary. The Division of Waste Management monitors
through CERCLA and the State Spill Fund and both the
Division of Water Resources and the Division of Waste
Management monitor water quality under RCRA.
The Division of Water Resources has a cooperative
agreement with USGS.
The Division of Environmental Quality.
The Division of Water Resources has a cooperative
agreement with USGS to monitor aquifer levels and
water quality.
The Bureau of Quality Control monitors for contaminating
substances likely to be found as a result of COT road
construction.
Discharge of pollutants to the ground water or onto land
which might flow into state waters must be monitored
according to the New Jersey Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NJPDES) requirements.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
X
X
X
X
X
•ue of
Database
(Specify)
RAMIS
RAMIS
STORET
STORET
(EPA
System)
RAMIS
aThe Bureau of Monitoring and Data Management conducts ground-water monitoring at 100 stations to supplement the
surface water program. Other monitoring is conducted by the Office of Science and Research, and the New Jersey
Geological Survey.
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STATE: BH JBBSBT
3.T. State Program for Public Participation
^"""~~~--~-^^^ Context
Approaehea ^"~~---»^^^
Public hearings, Beetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens* advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
Iktar Permit Adoption, Hater
laaues laauanee Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
Xa
X X X X
XXX
XX X
'Hearing for the application of diversion permits is required of anyone planning to
withdraw ground water at a rate over 100,000 gallons per day. NJPDES may also result
in a public hearing.
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STaTI: IIW JIBSCY
*. sun iHPUtMEiTiTKNi or RDEUL PIOOIAMS TO nonet OIOOID mm
4.1. Program Statue
Pederml
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing agvacy
Oauwal/KoteMortfay
Program Characteristics
QIC
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Protection, Division of Water
Resources, Geological Survey
Element, and the Water
Quality Management Element
Dnder the direction of the
Geologioal Survey Element, the
Water Quality Management, and the
Water Supply Enforcement Element,
New Jersey has defined hydro-
geologic aysterna, by recharge
rate, and developed geophysical
techniques to delineate aquifers
using seismic depth capabilities.
The Bureau of Ground-Water
Discharge Permitting issues NJPDES
permits for DIC activities.
RCRA
Not delegated, authorization
pending
Phase XX, delegated
Final delegation expected
to occur in Feburary 1985
Department of Environmental
Protection, Water Quality
Management, Enforcement
Elements
Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge
Permitting Issues NJPDES permits
for TSD facilities.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Protection, Division of
Water Resources
Pesticides Delegated
Enforcement
Department of Environmental
Protection-Bureau of
Pesticide Control
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STATE: IBV JMSBT
4.2. Grant Status
taut
PI 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-niter
Projeeta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Mater Act
Section 106
$1,1(70,000 Routine ambient monitoring wells.
Hell permits reporting and compliance inspections.
Clean Hater act
Section 205(J)
$1,999,100
No ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$7,997,600
No ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$2,492,000 Ground-water activities Involve land disposal
(Federal and permitting activities totaling 13.5 man-years at
Non-Federal) $5^0,000. This work effort also includes a review of
closure plans and ground-water monitoring systems at
3*4 RCRA facilities.
UIC
$118,633
(Federal and
Non-Federal)
Data processing activities.
Issue DIG permits, Class V well permits.
Identification and delineation of underground sources
of drinking water — mapping glacial aquifers.
Conduct UIC inspections.
Enforcement of the UIC program.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$132,000
No ground-water activities.
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3TATI: BH JNSBT
5. 3TATI-OIIGINATBD GBOOMD-HATBH PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Orouad-lteUr Strategy
(including ground-water quality standard8 and classification)
Description: Dnder the New Jersey Hater Pollution Control Act of 1961, the state oust: restore, enhance, and
maintain the waters of the state; protect public health; protect potable water supplies; enhance domestic,
recreational, Industrial, and other uses of water; and prevent and control water pollution. The centerpiece of
the water pollution oontrol program is the New Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System Permit Program. This
program requires fee-based permits for all facilities which have an impact on the state's ground water, including
facilities which: discharge pollutants to ground water; use land application of residuals; use land application
of municipal and industrial waste waters; discharge leachate; store any liquid or solid pollutants; and discharge
pollutants into wells.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: Permit fees, RCRA, QIC, state general revenue funds
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Monitoring programs include:
1. NJDEP, DWR, Bureau of Monitoring and Data Management — Conducts ground-water monitoring to supplement the
division's cooperative surface water program with USGS. The bureau is also involved in promoting communication
among agencies which do not have monitoring programs or are interested in existing programs. The Bureau has also
assisted sub-state agencies in creating their own monitoring programs.
2. NJDEP, DWR, Bureau of Potable Water — This bureau has a threefold ground-water monitoring program: when
requested they test for contamination of drinking water veils (tap water); test raw water from new ground-water
public supplies; and inspects all water supply company wells and municipal supply wells. The bureau collects
approximately 300 to 500 ground-water samples per year. Generally, these wells are sampled for pH, hardness,
heavy metals, and volatile organlea.
3. NJDEP, DWR, Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge Permits — The monitoring required for landfills, RCRA, UIC, and
non-hazardous discharges by the permits of the New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System la determined by
this bureau. In addition, this section is responsible for the Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems
Regulations (Chapter 199) and will perform courtesy reviews for local government agencies.
4. NJDEP, Office of Science and Research — One purpose of this office's monitoring prograra Is to examine the
state's ground water for toxic chemicals. The data generated by this office, are in the process of being entered
into the STORE! computer system.
5. New Jersey Department of Transportation, Bureau of Quality Control — This bureau conducts specific ground-
water tests at DOT construction sites in compliance with existing construction regulations. Only those parameters
likely to be present as a result of construction are monitored.
6. Other ground-water monitoring programs are conducted by: the Enforcement Element, the Water Supply and
Watershed Management Administration, the Division of Waste Management, and the New Jersey Geological Survey.
7. In addition to the above, eight county agencies are planning or have Instituted ambient ground-water quality
monitoring programs.
FY 19BH Funding:
Funding Source: Permit fees, tax surcharge, water bond, RCRA, UIC, state general revenue funds
5.3> Ground-Water Resource Aasesamect/Aqulfer Study/Napping
Description: The New Jersey Geological Survey studies various geological formations to gather information
regarding the characteristics, water quality, and quantity of the state's aquifers. Aquifer maps and models are
also developed. Specialized testing is conducted at pollution sites in order to make accurate assessments of the
source and extent of the contamination. Agency activity consists of three bureaus: the Water Pollution Analysis,
the Ground-Water Resource Evaluation Analysis Program, and the Geologic and Topography Program. A 1981 Water
Board provided funds to get five major hydrogeologio settings re-assessed by 1969.
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source: General state revenue funds, 1981 water bond, and UIC
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STATIi nv JIBSBT
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
n 19M
Punting Source:
5.5. Permita/Control of Disoharg** to Oround UaUr
Descriptioni The New Jtrsey PolluUnt Diaoharge Elimination System, undtr the Ntw Jersey Niter Pollution Control
Aot, requires fee-baaed permits for all facilities whioh discharge pollutant* to the ground watera. Tbt prograa
conducted by tha Department of Environoantal Prottotion, Buraau of Potable Vatar aims protaotion of the quality of
drinking watar; regulations control tha location, oonatruction, and abandonment of water walls to pravant
contamination.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State general revenue funds, NJPDES feea
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Septic Disposal Regulations are being completed as part of the statewide Solid Vaste Management
Plan; the Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge Permits is responsible for the individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal
Systems regulations. Under this program the bureau will assist local governments in the regulation of septic
tanks.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State general revenue funds, NJPDES fees
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System requires fee-based permits for the storage of
any hazardous liquid or pollutant, in a significant quantity, in a manner designed to keep it from entering the
waters of the state. Legislation has been proposed to regulate underground storage of non-hazardous materials.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State general revenue fund, NJPDES fees
5.8. Contamination Response Prograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The monitoring and clean-up of spills and illegal discharges to ground water are by the Department
of Environmental Protection.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State Spill Fund, state general revenue fund
5.9. Other:
Application Tracking System: The NJFDES permit utilizes the RAMIS system as an application tracking system, which
maintains records of compliance with the Division of Haste Management and NJPDES requirements, including
submission of reports on ground-water quality.
Enforcement: The Enforcement Element of the Division of Watar Raaouroas conducts a program which includes ground-
water contamination source identification and mitigation, permit compliance monitoring inspections, and other
compliance activities.
Lab Certification: NJDEP, Office of Quality Assurance.
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STATE GROWD-MTBR PROGRAM SOMHART
STATE: IBH TORE
1. 11TUHB OP THE GROUID-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmisalvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Ctaraeterlatlea
Physlograpbic
Region/Province 1:
Northeast/Adirondacks
Physiographic
Region/ProTince B:
Southern
Physiographic
RegioD/Provioce C:
Adirondack Rim/Central
Percent of state covered
by this proriace (estimated)
Obeonfined Aqulfer(a)
Crystalline rocks outcrop
almost exclusively in two
areas of the state. The
largest portion is found
in the northeast, where a
blocky mass of granite,
gneiss, and schist forms
the Adirondack Mountains.
The other major outcrop
area occurs in the south-
east, where crystalline
rocks underlie most of
New York City and its
northern suburbs. The
component rocks are
primarily metamorphosed
sedimentary and igneous
units and are the oldest
in New York. Host have
been subject to many
periods of deformation and
recrystallization.
Despite the complex
geology and structure of
the crystalline rocks,
they exhibit very similar
water-bearing character-
istics, and can be lumped
into one hydrogeologic
unit. The crystalline
rock aquifer is
acknowledged to be the
least productive bedrock
unit In the state.
Shale, slate, and a low-
rank metamorphosed rock,
usually described as
schist, covers the
southern part of New York,
from the north part of
Lake Erie to the coast,
with the exception of New
York City and Long
Island. Shale is the
predominant unit, but
Interbeds of sandstone,
limestone, and
evaporites commonly
occur.
Sandstone constitutes the
upper bedrock surface over
two broad areas: in the
northeastern region
flanking the northern limit
of the Adlrondacks, and in
the central region forming
an upland area skirting
the southeast shore of Lake
Ontario. Isolated sand-
stone units occur in the
extreme east-central
region of the state in the
Taconic Mountains east of
Albany, and in the south-
eastern region in Dockland
County. As with the
crystalline and shale
aquifers, the frequency of
fractures, faults, and
bedding planes, along with
a good source of recharge,
primarily determine yield
of wells of sandstone
aquifers. Where the
material cementing sand
grains is calcitic,
solution channels often
Increase permeability.
Confined Aquifer(s)
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STATE: IBM TOBK
1. MATURE OP TUB CROWD-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Otologies and Bydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological oharacteriatica
(i.e.) formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranaffliaslvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Percent of state oorered
by this prorinoe (eatlaated)
hMMfffl PI IIT^ ftlT1l1*^*{ff }
Confioed Aquifer (a)
Physiographic
Region/ProTinoe D:
Western/Central /Southeast
Physiographic Physiographic
Region/Province E: Region/Province P:
Coastal Plain
There are three major
carbonate rock areas
in New York: limestone,
dolomite, and marble.
The first area outcrops
on the flanks of the
Adirondacks in the
northeast .
A second important
carbonate-rock area
occurs as two banda
10 to 20 miles apart
across the western and
central portions of the
state. The southernmost
band can be traced east-
ward to the Hudson River
Valley, where It flanks
the northeastern
Catskills and trends
southwest toward the
juncture of New York, New
Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
Along most of its length,
this band is a very
important aquifer because
it often is the best-
producing aquifer in an
area of questionable
surface-water quality.
A third area of the state
in which carbonate rock is
the principal bedrock
aquifer is in the south-
east sector. Here, the
carbonates associated with
Appalachian mountain-
building have been
metamorphosed to varying
degrees .
The area of the most
extensive sand and gravel
deposits is the Coastal
Plain of Long Island and
lower Staten Island.
Here, the bedrock is
overlain by deposits of
Cretaceous age, which in
turn are capped by
Pleistocene sediments.
This aquifer system is
comprised of four major
water-bearing zones more
or less separated by
confining beds. Several
other areas are found in
the state in which
productive sand and gravel
aquifers also afford
large-scale diversions.
In the Lake Champlain-
Upper Hudson River Basin,
along the lower Hudson
River Valley (a band
along the eastern border
30 miles wide), and
throughout the central and
western portions of the
state, sand and gravel
are found in the major
drainage systems,
especially those trending
north-south.
Notes: The other type of unconsolidated glacial deposit present, which is extensive, is till. The till deposits
vary from a few to several hundred feet thick. Till is not considered to be a productive aquifer other than for
domestic supplies.
-39-
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STATE: BV TOM
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Cooling
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
n/a 88.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
31.2*
5,729,000
Domestic
Wells
13*
2,263,000
Total
13. 2%
7,992,000
Notes: Roughly half of the state's ground-water-dependent population resides on
Long Island, which contains Nassau and Suffolk Counties and the Burroughs of
Brooklyn and Queens in New York City.
-90-
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STATE: UN TOBK
2.1. Souroea (Check Major aouroes of oontaMLoation and rude top four
2 * next Boat aerloua, etc.)
— 1
rioua,
Source Cbeck Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal land f ilia X 5
On-aite industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 1
tanks
Other (specify):
Hazardous material X 2
leaks and spills
Municipal and X 3
industrial waste-
water treatment
plant effluent
and small leaks
and spills
associated with
facility house-
keeping
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 4
waste aites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
-91-
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STATE: BV TORE
2.2. CttotaaUntii
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Xa
X
Metals
Radioactive material _^_
Pesticides
x°
Other (specify) X*1
"The most significant ground-inter quality program is organic chemical contamination. To date, some 70 Long
Island and some 19 upstate public water supply wells have been closed due to such contamination. The
group of organios found most commonly in water supply wells are the halogenated organic solvents —
triohloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1 trichloroethane.
''High nitrate levels have been found in wells on Long Island and in some upstate locations. Nitrate contamination
Is related to fertilizer use (both agricultural and domestic) and to on-lot septic systems. Serious nitrate
contamination is not widespread in New York, but may be a problem in some specific areas, e.g., Long Island.
°Pestlcide contamination of ground water is extensive on eastern Long Island. Recent findings Indicate that
pesticides could also be a threat in upstate areas. Further investigation of the potential pesticide
contamination of upstate ground waters will be required.
"Numerous instances have been recorded of localized well contamination by gasoline and petroleum product
constituents as well as other hazardous material leaks or spills. In addition to the threat to public water
supplies, petroleum product constituents are the most commonly reported type of organic contamination of private
household-type wells.
-92-
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STATE: DEW YORK
3. STATE GBOWD-VATER MAMAGEMEBT STHDCTUBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General Hater pollution
control
Public Water Supply
Water Resources
Management
PHL, Article 11: Public Water
Supplies, Sewerage and Sewage
Control
ECL, Article 17:
Control
Water Pollution
ECL, Article 15: Water Resources
Authorizes the Commissioner of Health to promul
gate rules and regulations for the protection
from contamination of any or all public water
supplies.
Authorizes the Commissioner to promulgate rules
and regulations as required, to prevent pol-
lution of the waters of the state, to provide
for the measuring of the effect of discharges to
water, and to establish a water quality sur-
veillance network to meet the needs of the
state. This article Includes the statutory
authority for the SPDES permit program and the
statutory authority for water quality classi-
fications and standards.
Provides the Department of Environmental Con-
servation broad authority to regulate and manage
the water resources within the state. It
provides for water supply permits, comprehensive
water resources planning, and such studies as
may be necessary to provide for the proper
conservation development, regulation, and use of
the water resource.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Sole Source Aquifer Incompatible
Use Law (17 ECL 15)
The legislation which expands the Federal SSA
program to further protect major aquifer re-
charge areas to insure non-degradation.
Solid waste
ECL, Article 27
Authorizes the Department of Environmental Con-
servation to promulgate regulations to prevent
pollution caused by hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes. This encompasses the transfer, proc-
essing, recovery, reclamation, and disposal of
solid wastes, and also includes measures
addressing both active and Inactive waste
disposal sites.
Hazardous waste
ECL, Article 27
See "Solid waste."
Mining
ECL, Article 23
Establishes the Mined Land Program.
Oil and gas
ECL, Article 23
Establishes the Gas and Oil Regulatory Program.
Other (specify)!
Bulk storage
ECL, Article 17, Title 10
Oil spills
Pesticides
I
ECL, Article 12
ECL, Article 33
Projects/critical areas j ECL, Article 8: Environmental
• Quality Review Act
This legislation deals with a thorough over-
view of controlling the threat of spills and
leaks from both above ground and underground
storage tanks, Including leak and spill de-
tection, ongoing testing and inspection, in-
ventory compilation, and creation of a state
petroleum bulk storage advisory council.
Establishes the Oil Spill Prevention, Control,
and Compensation Program.
Establishes the State Pesticide Regulatory
Program.
Requires that environmental factors be con-
sidered for actions that are directly under-
taken, funded, or approved by state, regional
and local agencies.
-93-
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arm: nv row
3.2. 8UU Orouod-MaUr PoUoy
3.2.t. Atatiu
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statuUa for
ground mttr
Policy In «xiit«no« for
protecting ground -water quality
Policy under development
OMok
X
X
X
-94-
-------
Tea JL »o
STiTli UN TOU
3.2.2. BmlopMot gf Qrouad-ltotw Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-water policy or atrategy development prooeaa?
3.2.2.2. Lead agenoy/ateering committee: Department of Environmental Conaervatlon
3.2.2.3. Daaoribe development proceae (inter-agency agreements, progrtM to date, target completion date, ato.):
Developed Long laland and Vpatata Ground-Water Management Plana undar Saotlon 208 grants.
3.2.3. CteraoUrlatloa of PoUoy Developed
Typa of Protaotlon
Qanaral language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Z
X
Notea: The State of New York haa utilized the following "elements of philosophy" in the development of the Draft
Statewide Ground-Hater Management Program: 1) protect and oonaarve ground water for beat uaage aa drinking water
•upply; 2) addreaa quantity aa well aa quality concerna; 3) emphasize problem prevention; 1) target the ground-
water program to moat effectively uae available problem resources by forming special emphasis on critical, high
yield aquifer aystems; and 5) encourage state/local partnerahlp for regulation/management.
3*2.4. Policy ClaMifloation
3.2.1.1. Does atate have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. uae, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea _X_ No
3.2.4.2. If yea, give brief deaorlption of olaaaes:
Class "OA"i The baat uaage of Claaa "OA" watera la aa a source of potable water aupply. Class "GA" waters are
fresh ground watera found in the saturated zone of unoonaolidated depoalta and consolidated rook or bedrock.
Claaa "OSA": The beat uaage of Claaa "OSA" watera la aa a aouroe of potable mineral watera, for conversion to
fresh potable watera, or aa raw material for the manufacture of sodium chloride or ita derivativea or almllar
products. Such watera are aaline watera found in the aaturated cone.
Claaa "QSB": The beat uaage of Claaa "GSB" watera ia aa a receiving water for dlapoaal of wastes. Such watera
•re thoae aaline watara found in the aaturated zone which have a chloride concentration in excess of 1,000
milligrams par litar or a total diaaolvad aolida concentration in excess of 2,000 milligrams par liter.
All fresh ground waters in the atate are olaaaified aa "OA," reflecting the policy that the best usage
of fresh ground water in the atate ia for aourcea of potable aupply.
3.2.5. Qwlity Standards
3.2.5.1. Haa the atate adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Numerical standards for Class "GA" ground waters are identified for 83 pollutants, including various
metals, chloride, foaming agents, nitrate, pH, numerous pesticides, and some organic aolvents.
Effluent limitations are identified for a almllar list of substances, and are applicable to all point
aourcea of pollution. In addition, no discharge is allowed which would preclude the best usage of Class "GA"
waters.
Beyond these two sets of standards, Class "GA" waters are also required to attain the most stringent
of: 1) maximum contaminant levels for drinking water promulgated by the New York State Commissioner of Health as
found in 10NYCRR, Subpart 5-1, Public Water Supplies; 2) maximum contaminant levels for drinking water promulgated
by the USEPA Administrator and the Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523); and 3) standards for raw water quality
promulgated by the Commissioner of Health as found in 10NYCRR 170, Sources of Hater Supply. DOH staff are
currently in the process of establishing drinking water standards for a selected group of toxic organlcs which
have been found most commonly in the state's ground waters. These include: Trichloroethylene,
Tetrachloroethylene, Carbofuran, Vinyl Chloride, Aldicarb, PCBs, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, and Fuel Oil (Total
Hydrocarbon).
-95-
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STATE: IBV TORI
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities far Ground-Hater Proteetloo
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Conservation
Department of
Health*
Department of
Transportation
Ground-
Water
Poll err/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
red
RCRA
X
eraUy-J
OIC-
telegat«
rasb
X
1 Progi
PEC
X
•a*
Other
Data
CoUec-
tloo.
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
Hater
Quality
X
X
Snll
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
Road
De-lclag
X
Other1
X
X
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Responsibilities include setting ambient water quality standards, conducting aquifer management strategies monitoring,
maintaining problem inventory, conducting source controls environmental reviews, and managing the Incident response
program.
Responsibilities Include setting public drinking water standards, monitoring, maintaining problem inventory, regulating
on-lot systems, and enforcing waterbed rules and regulations.
Spill response.
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STATE: IBV TORI
3.4. InUr-Agraey
its
Topics
Protection of specific aquifera
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incident!
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Not specified
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Memorandum of Understanding with Long Island Regional
Planning Board.
Cooperative agreements between the Department of Environmental
Conservation, Department of Health and USGS have allowed USGS
to produce numerous assessments and mapping of ground waters.
The Department of Environmental Conservation and the Department
of Health have overlapping responsibilities and, therefore, work
closely with each other (for example, a joint committee for
review of proposed changes in standards).
Many Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and
Department of Health (DOH) programs are implemented by local
health departments.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource A
t Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Most of the state has been studied under the Federal-State
cooperative program (mostly reconnaissance studies). Recent
studies include the detailed mapping of valley aquifers
throughout the state and ground-water modeling studies on Long
Island. Cooperative agreements between DEC/DOH and USGS have
allowed USGS to produce numerous assessments and mapping of
ground waters. The projects are continuing, and it is expected
by late 1964, all 18 upstate primary aquifers will be mapped at
the 1:24,000 scale.
Compliance evaluation inspections performed at approximately
45 hazardous waste facilities subject to ground-water
monitoring requirements at least once per year. Follow-up
enforcement action is initiated as necessary. State receives
Federal funds under RCRA grant work plan to conduct these
activities.
1
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STATE: IEH TORK
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Subsurface waste
d ischargers
Domestic/Public
wells
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Prograa
The Department of Environmental Conservation,
Division of Solid Haste is requiring ground-water
monitoring for all hazardous/toxic waste sites and
newly developed or expanded sanitary landfills.
Monitoring requirements at existing landfills are
being implemented through the permit process as they
are renewed. Presently, approximately 160 of the
little more than 500 landfills within the state are
required to monitor the ground water. Over the next
three to four years, the remaining landfills will be
required to implement a monitoring program when their
operating permit is renewed.
(Also see Non-hazardous waste sites). The Department
of Health requires periodic sampling to be carried
out by public water purveyors at the point of use or
wellhead. Prior to the late 1970s, sampling was
confined primarily to the inorganic chemical and to
a lesser extent the radiological contaminants.
NYSDOH also requires sampling at the time of new well
development, as part of the approval process under the
Public Water Supply Permit Program.
The USGS often Includes chlorides sampling as part
of various area or site-specific ground-water
Investigations.
New York has received (7/84) a Section 18 exemption
for Kryocide in order to control the Colorado Potato
Beetle. This exemption requires that New York develop
a ground-water monitoring program to assess the impact
of the Kryocide application.
The USGS often Includes quality sampling as part
of various area or site-specific ground-water
investigations.
Dischargers are required to monitor the effluent for
parameters specified in their wastewater discharge
permit.
NYSDOH has conducted numerous inorganic chemical
sampling surveys resulting in an extensive inorganic
chemical data base. More recently, greater emphasis
has been placed on organics sampling through both the
requirements on water purveyors and NYSDOH special
sampling surveys. To date, roughly 2,000 of the
approximately 6,000 wells serving upstate public
supplies have had organics analyses performed.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
Maw of
Database
(Specify)
I
1
-98-
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STATE: REV TOM
3.7. State Prograaa for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- lagulatioo Ground-
mtw Perait Adoption, Utter
Xaauea Taauance Changes Strategy Other
X" X" Xb
x*
X8
xa
xa xo,d
&The Department of Environmental Conservation has established a public participation program for RCRA.
''The Department of Environmental Conservation has established a public participation program for the Upstate
Ground-Water Management Program.
°The curriculum development effort already initiated on Long Island by the New York State Legislative Commission
on Water Resources Needs of Long Island will serve as a "pilot study" for a similar curriculum development effort
for the Upstate area.
dThe Department of Environmental Conservation, in consultation with the Department of Health, Cornell, and the
USGS, will develop a public education program for ground water. The program includes the development of
appropriate pamphlets and brochures for distribution through interested agencies and a slide presentation which
can be presented by interested agencies.
Notes: It should also be noted that most of the public participation activity in the ground-water area is
consolidated In existing programs, e.g., the state Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program requires certain
wastewater dischargers that discharge into the ground water to apply for a permit. This permitting process has
associated with it public participation activities. Therefore, ground-water activities may be overlooked if one
only considers the major state programs and not the specific elements that make up that program.
-99-
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STATE: HEW TORE
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT CRODID WATER
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Prograa
Status of Prograa Delegation
State lapleaenting Agency
OuuBual/Moteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Not delegated
Department of Environmental
Conservation
New York has ita own regulations
on financial responsibility on
plugging and abandonment of
injection wells under Article 23.
RCRA
Phase I interim authorization
program delegated (December
27, 1983). Target date for
delegation of final
authorization is April 1986.
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Regulates waste oil and PCB's as
hazardous wastes.
Companies in Brooklyn, Queens, and
Long Island that accumulate
hazardous waste on-site for less
than 90 days are not exempt from
complying with Interim status
standards or the safe management
of hazardous waste. Compliance
with such standards affords
additional protection of the sole
source aquifer utilized by the
above locales.
PKS
Delegated
Department of Health, Bureau
of Public Water Supply
Protection
Pesticides Delegated
Enforcement
Department of Environmental
Conservation
New York has received (as of July
1981} a Section 18 exemption for
Kryocide In order to control the
Colorado Potatoe Beetle. This
exemption requires that New York
develop a ground-water monitor-
ing program to assess the impact
of Kryocide application. The
program has not yet been
developed.
-100-
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STATE: IBH XOBK
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-lteter
ProJecta/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$2,990,000 State FY 1964/85 ground-water tasks funded partially
4279,700 under 106, 205(g), 205(J), and general state purpose
State Match: $7,557,270 funds include:
Coordinate ground-water incident response programs
Response to spills
Conduct toxic hotspot trackdowns
Design and conduct monitoring network
Manage USGS cooperative programs
Support/conduct special projects
Geological consultations
Hydrological flow analyses
Model ground-water networks
Complete 208 projects
Develop sole-source Incompatible Use Program
Develop regional aquifer management strategies
Oversee 205(J) ground-water grants to local agencies
Bulk storage control programs
Long Island mapping and yield projects
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
42,711,360
Same as listed above.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$10,857,
Same as listed above.
RCRA
Section 3011
Federal: $2,399,900 Ground-water activities: $100,000 total $75,000 Federal
State: $799,970 o Evaluate ground-water assessment plans (e.g., from
April 1, 1983, to March 30, 1981, New York expects
to review 20 ground-water monitoring assessment
reports).
o Review, semi-annually, ground-water reports for at
least 45 permitted facilities.
UIC
$254,300
Direct EPA program Implementation.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$260,000
No ground-water activities.
-101-
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STATE: n« YORE
5. OTATE-OBIOIiiTID OBOOID-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(laoluding ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Tin draft Upstate Naw York Oround-Watar Management Program and the Long Island Ground-Water
Management Program Identify ground-water resources, ground-water contaminants, and enable an overview of all
regulatory programs (Federal, state, local), resource management hazardous materials (storage/handling), non-point
sources, critical area protection programs, response/remediation and publio participation. They also include
ground-water olasslfioation.
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Oround-Vater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Health requires periodic sampling to be carried out by publio water purveyors.
Numerous inorganic chemical sampling surveys have been conducted. The Division of Solid Naste has been
implementing ground-water monitoring requirements on all hazardous/toxic waste sites and newly-developed or
expanded sanitary landfills. Deep-well injection and identified ground-water contamination sites are monitored.
Very little ambient ground-water monitoring has been conducted in upstate New York. The USOS often includes
quality sampling as part of various Investigations. It should also be noted that on Long Island oounty agencies
have monitoring responsibility.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Most of the state has been studied under the Federal-State Cooperative Program (mostly
reconnaissance studies). Recent studies include the detailed mapping of valley aquifers throughout the state and
(round-water modeling studies of Long Island. The plans are to develop and refine Long Island aquifer maps.
FY 1984 Funding: Cooperative agreements between the Department of Environmental Conservation/Department of Health
and the USOS have resulted in numerous ground-water assessments and mappings by the USOS. It is expected by late
1984 that all 18 upstate primary aquifers will be mapped.
Funding Source: FY 1984 — $50,000 — Section 106
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The New York Department of Environmental Conservation administers the pesticides enforcement
program. New York has received a Section 18 exemption for Kryocide in order to control the Colorado Potato
Settle. This exemption requires New York to develop a ground-water monitoring program to assess the impact of the
Kryocide application. This program has not yet been developed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-102-
-------
arm i nv io»
5.5. Pwaiti/Oootrel of DlMtarta* to Qround Mater
Deaoriptlon: OM oounty has taken measures to control ground-water contamination from road salt through
reaolutlona, funding incentives, and a 208 plan manual, "Highway De icing." In addition, vaatewater diaohargara
into tha ground wtar ara required to hava a diaoharga parmit, aimilar to thoaa of aurfaoa watar diaohargara.
Othar Major program araaa that hava oontrol ovar diaonargaa ara tha Oil and Oaa Vail Regulatory Program and tha
oparation of landfilia.
PI 1984 Funding:
Funding Stwroe:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Daaoription: Tha Suffolk and Naaaau County Health Departments hava programa undarmy to atudy and ragulata on-
•ita septic ayataaa and ralatad activities to thoaa ayataaa.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Souroa:
5.T. Bulk Storage/Underground Storaga Tank Programa
Oaaoription: Naw York davalopad tha Bulk Storaga Program under Section 208 through varioua taohnioal document*
and lagialation for controlling tha atoraga of materitla. Currant activities ara for Implementing program
recommendations by the Department of Environmental Conservation.
FY 1984 Funding: Legislation for tha Control of tha Bulk Storaga of Petroleum ECL, Article 17, Title 10X deals
with a thorough overview of controlling the threat of spills and leaks from both above-ground and underground
atoraga tanks. It includes leak/spill detection, ongoing testing-inspection, Inventory oontrol, and tha creation
of a atata petroleum bulk atorage adviaory council.
A few local governments in upatate Naw York have begun to explore new bulk atorage laws of their own.
Funding Source: $50,000 — Section 106
5.8. Contamination Raapoaaa Program
(othar than RCRA/Superfund)
Daaoription: Tha Department of Environmental Conservation and tha Department of Health ara responsible for
contamination response programs.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-103-
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STATE CROWD-HATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATS: PUERTO MOO
1. MATURE Of THE GROOMD-VATBR RESOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics, Describe general geological and bydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Gbaraoterlatlca
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Central Basin
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
North Basin
Physiographic
Reglon/Proriooe C:
East Basin
Percent of atate covered
by this province (estimated)
ttocooflned Aquifer(s)
Interior oiountainous
area.
Rugged karst
topography underlain
mostly by limestone,
along the coast and
broad flat lands.
Inland rolling hills and
some limestone topography.
Coastal alluvial soils.
El Yuraue rain forest
located here.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-104-
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STATE: PUERTO EICO
1. IATORB Of IBB OEOOED-IUTBE RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologio Choree teriatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologloal oharaoteristiea
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamlasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
teriatioa
Ptqralograpblo
Raglco/ProvlDce D:
South Baaln
Phjalographlc
Region/ProTlnoe E:
West Baain
Phjalographic
•eglon/Pi-OTinoe f:
Offshore Islands Basins
Percent of state oorered
by this proTiaoe (eatlamted)
OnocDfiiMd Aqulfer(a)
Northern area ateep
alopea with ahallow
soils; coastal area
deep alluvial soils.
Valleys defined by
mountain chains.
Many small islands, little
rainfall, mostly rolling
hills or limestone cliffs.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
-105-
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STATE: PUERTO HICO
1.2. Primary Daea of Ground Water aa Percent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% or Total % Ground Hater
Ground Mater of Total Hater
15» 35.7
25
35
105
aAll water withdrawal by Puerto Rico Sewer and Aqueduct Authority for residential, commercial, and light
industrial use.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
14 .8J
1*91,000
Domestic
Wells
n/a
n/a
Total
14.8*
491,000
-106-
-------
STATE: PUERTO HICO
2.1. Sources (Cheek major sources of ooota
2 * next Bost serious, etc.)
sad rank top four — 1 * Boat serious,
Source Qieck Rank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X8
tanks
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/ X
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Other (specify):
Chemical, electroplating, and pharmaceutical industries.
aGasoline.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile .
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-107-
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STATE: POXRTO IZOO
3. STATB GROOBD-VATER MA1IAGBMBR STRDCTORE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laM/Ho.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Vater Protection
General water pollution
control
Law for the Conservation, Development,
and Utilization of Water Resources
The law provides authority to the
Department of Natural Resources to
protect water quality.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Public Policy Envlronnental Act
Law No. 9i as amended
Gives the Environmental Quality Board
the authority to regulate the generation,
transport, treatment, storage, and
disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous
waste.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.Z. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cheek
X
-108-
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STATE: PUERTO HICO
3.2.2. DmlopMDt of Ground-Hater Policy
3*2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering eonnlttee: Department of Natural Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
taw for the Conservation, Development, and Utilization of Water Resources In Puerto Rico assigns the
Department of Natural Resources the task of preparing and implementing an integrated plan for the use,
conservation, and development of water resources, with regard to the quality and drinkability of the water.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered,
-109-
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STATE» POIRTO MICO
3.3. State Agency Reaponilbllltiea for Ground-Water ProUotloo
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural
Resources
The Environmental
Quality Board
Department
of Health
Puerto Rico
Aqueduct and
Sewer Authority
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Pnograji
RCRA
X
OIC*
PWSb
X
Pl°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing i
•to.
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lolng
Other
Xd
X"
X'
*UIC * Underground Injection Control.
bPWS « Public Water System.
°PE « Pesticides Enforcement.
^Monitors extraction rate of ground water, recharge rat« of aquifers, water table level, and possible contamination of
aquifers; establishes permit and franchise granting systems and sets rates; regulates the design, construction, operation
ana closing of installations, structures, or devices to extract ground water; and develops well Inventories and related
Information systems.
ePrepares and publishes ground-water criteria; developed Institutional Management framework for ground-water protection in
the northern coastal area of Puerto Rico.
fProvides drinking water service; oversees water treatment facilities.
-110-
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STATKi PDBRTO RICO
3.1 • InUr-Agency Acrecawats
Topioa
Promotion of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
applicable
Description of AgreiMnts
•ad Agencies
•
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource iaaeaaawot ActlTitlM
Activity
Cbeck if
Applicable
Daaorlptioo of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Puerto Rico has had some reconnaissance work performed in the
past; however, a more detailed aquifer mapping project is
planned for the future to be performed by the USGS. This will
be published in an atlaa form detailing the aquifer systems and
their importance. The USGS performs well inventories, operates
observation wells to detect saline intrusion problems, and
conducts the majority of ground-water studies.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
At least once per year the Environmental Quality Board (EQB)
conducts compliance evaluation inspections at approximately 11
hazardous waste facilities subject to ground-water monitoring
requirements. Follow-up enforcement action ia Initiated as
necessary by EQB. EPA, with contractor aupport, assists EQB by
conducting in-depth ground-water monitoring sampling
inspections.
Other (specify)
-111-
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STATE: PUERTO HICO
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Environmental Quality Board (EQB) conducts
compliance evaluation and sampling Inspections
(with EPA 'a support) at hazardous waste land
disposal facilities in order to ensure that ground-
water monitoring systems are designed, constructed,
and operated so as to prevent significant
discharges. Follow-up enforcement action is taken
by EQB as necessary.
Funding was provided by the EPA in FY 1984 to the Depart-
ment of Health for sampling and analyzing all community
public water system wells throughout the island for
volatile organics.
The Department of Health monitors the quality of all
public water systems and Is responsible for protecting
the purity of the drinking water supplies through a
monitoring program.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-~^_^^ Context
Approaches ^~~-
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
tour Permit Adoption, Water
laauea Issuance Changes Strategy
Xa X
Other
Xa
xb xb
X
Xc
V*
aPublic meetings present goals, activities, and objectives, identify critical areas, and encourage idea
exchange. The workshops inform citizens of the problems of study areas, receive suggestions/recommendations,
establish importance of public participation; and provide a series of audio-visual presentations.
Advisory committee meeting systematizes collaboration with the Environmental Quality Board, Including revision of
water quality standards and discussion of ground-water contamination events.
Informative sheets give general overview of project and are available 30 days before public meeting or hearing;
bulletins define project study area, present data, identify possible problems, and state goals of project.
dSeries of TV programs identify the Environmental Quality Board and its programs, topography/geology conditions,
ground-water resources, and future activities; radio programs present program objectives; press publicizes the
project's main activities, publishes public notices, and maintains Information availability; Environmental Week
(first week of June) runs an overall public awareness program, and provides an orientation to students.
-112-
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STATE: PUERTO RICO
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
1.1. Progru Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Not delegated, pending
RCRA
Phase I Interim
Authorization delegated
October 10,1982
Environmental Quality Board
Delegation covers compliance/
enforcement, but not permitting
responsibilities. EPA, with
contractor support, assists EQB by
conducting in-depth ground-water
monitoring sampling inspections.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Primary implementation is the
responsibility of the Water
Supply Program.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-113-
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STATE: PUERTO 1100
4.2. Orut SUtua
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projecta/Taalcs and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$948,651 Federal No ground-water activities.
4549,221 Non-Federal
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (j)
$638,160
No ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
$2,552,000
No ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$565,300 In FY 1984 and FY 1985, 11 ground-water monitoring sites
requiring 0.8 work year of effort with projected cost of
$12,000. Puerto Rico does not currently have the
capability to conduct indepth ground-water monitoring
sampling inspections. Therefore, they have to conduct
these inspections with EPA'a (or private contractor)
assistance.
UIC
$75,100*
(Not eligible
for grant)
$107,666
(Puerto Rico is carrying out program with non-Federal
funds until primacy is attained.)
Class V well assessments.
Develop procedures required for issuing permits covering'
new and existing injection wells.
FIFRA
Section 23UMD
$216,100
No ground-water monitoring activities.
*FY 1983 funds.
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STATE: PUERTO IICO
5. STATE-ORIGIMATBD GROOID-WATER PROTBCTIOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: As part of the ground-water strategy development, a plan was designed to evaluate and characterize
the probable nature and magnitude of ground-water contamination from Industrial waste discharges. This plan
includes Identification of: (1) existing conditions (saline water Intrusion and nitrate contamination); (2)
sources of pollution (industrial discharges, sea water movement to aquifers, urban storm water runoff); and (3)
significant problems (specific point source industrial discharges, water table fluctuations, increases in chlorine
concentration).
The development of the Institutional Management Framework for Ground-Water Protection in the northern coastal
areas of Puerto Rico was implemented by the Environmental Quality Board. The Department of Health applies the
water quality standards eatabished by the SDHA to the ground waters extracted by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and
Sewer Authority (PRASA).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The Department of Health received FY 1984 funding from the EPA to sample and analyze community
public water system wells throughout the island for volatile organics.
FY 1984 Funding: $83,790
Funding Source: PWSS
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: As part of an inter-agency agreement between USCS and EPA, USGS conducted an aquifer mapping study
in Puerto Rico.
FY 1984 Funding: $111,500 (part of these funds covered mapping in the Virgin Islands)
Funding Source: UIC
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-115-
-------
STATB: PUERTO 1X00
5.5. P«ralts/C«Btrol of Dl*ofaar|M to around Water
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Ihnageaent Program
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-116-
-------
STATE GHODMP-MATBB PROGRAM SDMMABT
STATE: TIHGIH XSLAMDS
1. BATURE (V THE QBOOBD-VATBB BKSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologle Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
St. Crolx
Physiographic
Begloo/Provlnee B:
St. Thomas/St. John
Physiographic
Beglon/ProTlnce C:
Percent of state covered
by this proTlnce (estimated)
Dneonflnad
Aquifer(s)
St. Croix consists of
mixed volcanics and
Intrusive rocks,
carbonates, and alluvium.
The mixed volcanics can
yield up to 10 gallons
per minute. The carbonate
rocks are the most
productive aquifers and
can yield up to 100
gallons per minute,
depending on the texture
of the sediments.
St. Thomas and St. John
are composed mainly of
layered volcanic rocks with
some areas of carbonate
rock and alluvium. Hells
that penetrate the more
permeable material can
yield up to 120 gallons
per minute in St. Thomas
and approximately 20
gallons per minute on St.
John. Generally, wells
yield less than five
gallons per minute and
the water quality is
marginal for domestic
use.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-117-
-------
STATE: fXIOXI X8UID3
1.2. Prlaary QMS of Ground HiUr u Porotnt of Total Vaage
OM
Public Water Systems*
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except munioipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (apeclfy)
Total
$ of Total I Ground Hatar
Orouad Hater of Total Hater
2.5
'includes: oonnunity public water supplies—-2J; non-community public water supplies—31.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Vater for Drinking Mater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Vater Domestic
Systems Wells Total
0.9>
1,200
-118-
-------
STitt: THOU X8LAID3
2.1. aourow (Check s»Jor aouroM of oootaalmUon and rank top four — 1 •
X • MXt IDSt MTlOUS, «tO.)
rioua,
Source Check Rank
Siptie tanka X*
Municipal landfill*
On-site industrial
landfilla (•xoluding
pita, lagoons, aurfaos
impoundmtnta)
Othtr landfilla
Surface iapoundmsnta
(•xoluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brim pita
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Natural X°
mineralization
Source Ctook laak
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xb
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
'Serious problem on St. Croix and some areas of St. Thomas.
"Problem on St. Croix; current database not adequate to determine quality on
St. Thomas.
°More serious in lowland wells than upland wells.
2.2. Cootaadnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrstes
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
*Pentane (St. Croix) from refinery processes and Tetra CE (St. Thomas).
^Barium (St. Croix) from refinery processes.
-119-
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STATE: TIBGil ISLAiDS
3. STATE OBOOID-HATEB MABAGBMEBT STBOCTORB
3.1. State Statute* Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
and standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute Baste/Ho.
Virgin Islands Water Pollution Control
Law (Title 12, Ch. 7)
Water Resources Conservation Law
(Title 12, Ch. 5)
Virgin Islands Water Pollution Control
Law (Title 19, Ch. 51)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
The law gives the Department of
Conservation and Cultural Affairs power tc
issue, revise, and revoke permits for the
discharge of pollutants and enforce
various aspects of the law.
The law defines responsibilities of the
Department of Public Works.
The Department of Conservation and
Cultural Affairs is charged with
promulgating and enforcing drinking
water standards.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-120-
-------
STUB: TXIGXI X3LAIDS
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Polio?
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: ____________^___________
Tea
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Virgin Islands ground-water policy is being developed. The policy prescribes that all ground water
be classified in four different priority uses: domestic, agricultural, commercial, and industrial. Reasonable
use is permitted, but cannot adversely affect a higher use, and allocations should be identified for specific time
periods. A ground-water permit and enforcement program under the Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan
CWRMP) for the Virgin Islands is currently being recommended.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy ClsMlfloatlon
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.11.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The policy classifies ground water into four different ranked categories of use.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-121-
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STATE: TIRGIM ISLANDS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Water Resources
Commission
Department of
Public Works
Department or
Conservation and
Cultural Affairs'"
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
UIC*
PH5b
X
PB«
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lclng
Other
Xd
Xc
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
kpWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Assesses ground-vrater yield.
Implements the Water Resources Commission's programs and policies; issues well permits and maintains well construction
data; has power to Install and read water meters and to require the submission of regular pumpage information from
consumers.
rWater pollution control agency.
-122-
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STATE: TIRGIH ISLAIDS
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Check If
Applicable
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Water Resources Commission consists of the Commissioners of
the Department of Public Works, the Department of Conservation
and Cultural Affairs, the Executive Director of the Virgin
Islands Water and Power Authority, and one resident from each of
the three major islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John).
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
The USGS is planning to undertake a detailed aquifer
mapping project. The work will be published in an atlas,
detailing the various aquifers and their relative importance.
"
-123-
-------
STATE: TXBOH X3LAID3
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitorial
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardoua Mate aitea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Nitrates
Cneek
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
There la some monitoring of nitrates in ground-water
auppliea.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-— ^^ Context
Approaches '""•"-—^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groupa
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
t
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
ihter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
xa
•The Department of Conservation and Cultural Affaire has managed public participation in the 208 Program in
support of water supply issues (i.e., the development of the Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan).
-124-
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STATE: VIRGIN ISLANDS
H. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
* . 1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Character1stlea
01C
Direct implementation by
Region II personnel
Contact: Peter Acker
RCRA
Region II personnel
PWS
Delegated
Department of Conservation
and Cultural Affairs,
Division of Natural
Resources Management
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Conservation
and Cultural Affairs
-125-
-------
STATE I TZIOZI 1SLAIDS
4.2. Orut atatua
taint
1985 Allocation
Specific Oround-Weter
ProjMte/Tuka tad Budget
Clean Water Aet
Section 106
$400,000* Implement ground-water management plan including
$73|03lb monitoring and ••Ubliihing • diUbiM en ground-
wtcr quality.
Clean Water Act
Saotion 205 (J)
1100,000
(of this amount
$20,000 will be
uaed for
ground-water
activities)
Identify funding needa and sources as well as tine
frames for accomplishing the recommendations, both
short- and long-term, made in the ground-water
protection management plan.
Establish method to convene a ground-water steering
committee.
Study leaking underground storage tanks; identify a
management and implementation plan for control of these
leaks.
Develop model design criteria for LUST.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
n/a
RCRA
Section 3011
n/a
UIC
$39,000
(EPA direct
(implementation)
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
»3o,oooJ>
$15,781°
No ground-water activities.
"Pending approval.
bBtse level grant.
°Non-Federal contribution.
-126-
-------
STATE t TUOH ISUIDS
5. STATI-ORIGMATBD GROOVD-VATKR PROTECTION PBOQRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standarda and classification)
Description: The Virgin Islands ground-water policy la being developed. The policy specifiea that all ground
water* are public watera uaed for domestic, agricultural, commercial, and industrial uaea (in that order of
priority). Reasonable use is permitted but cannot adversely affect a higher use, and allocations ahould be
identified for apeeifio time periods. A ground-water permit and enforcement program under the Comprehensive Water
Resources Management Plan (CHUMP) for the Virgin Islands is currently being recommended.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Reaouroe Asaeaaaeot/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: As part of an inter-agency agreement between USGS and EPA, USGS conducted an aquifer mapping study
in the Virgin Islands.
FX 1961 Funding: $111,500 (part of these funds covered mapping in Puerto Rico)
Funding Source: UIC
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
-127-
-------
STATE: TXRQZB XSUUTOS
5.5. Hraita/CaBtrol of DftMhtrgM to Growl Utter
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septlo ManigM»nt Progreji
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.T. Bulk Storage/Onderground Storage Tank Progrua
Description:
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Progru
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-128-
-------
REGION III
-------
STATE OBOPMD-MATEB PBOQBAM SUMMABT
STATE: DELAWARE
1. UTDRB OF THE CBOOHMfATEB BESOOBCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiasivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Charaoterlatlea
Physiographic
Begion/Prorinoe 1:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
BegiOD/Proriooe B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Beglon/ProTioce
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconfined Aquifer(s)
Unconsolldated,
stratified sediments of
silts, clays and gravels.
The permeable sands and
gravels are aquifers.
Netamorphic crystalline
rocks in which the major
aquifers are carbonates
(marbles) and fracture
zones which, in turn,
are fed from overlying
storage in weathered rock
material.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
-129-
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STATE: DELAWARE
1.2. Primary QMS of Ground Mater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Oae
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except Municipal)
Agricultural
Donestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
25
16
14 100
45
100
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Hater for Tear 1978
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Sjateas Veils Total
70>
409,000
-130-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
2.1. Sources (Check major aouroea of
2 « next aost aerloua, etc.)
ttioo and rank top four — 1 « moat serious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X 2
On-site Industrial X 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X 1
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X 1
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 1
Road salting
i
2.2. Cbntaavlnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-131-
-------
8TATR: KUVABB
3. STATB OROOID-WATB1 MAIAOBMEIT STBOCTURB
3.1. State Statutes Pertelaliv to Oround-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute MaM/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Oround' ihtar Protection
General water pollution
control
? Delaware Code, Chapter 60
7 Delaware Code, Chapter 63
Chapter 60 covers waste water, aolid
waate, and underground injection control.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
atandarda)
Delaware. Code, Chapter 60
Solid waate
Delaware Code, Chapter 60
Hazardous waate
7 Delaware Code, Chapter 63
Ground-water monitoring, hazardous waate.
Mining
Oil and gaa
Delaware Code, Chapter 62
Other (specify)
Motes:
3.2. State OroundJHater Policy*
3.2.1. Status
Oround water covered under
general state statutes
Specific stste statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cheek
X
X
X
"The Comprehensive Nater Resources Management Committee prepared "Ground-Water Quality Management" which was
adopted as the formal Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation policy In 1963. The goal of
that policy is prevention as a priority over curative.
-132-
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STATE: DELAWARE
3.2.2. DerelopsMot of Oround-Matw Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or atrategy development process? Yea _X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Tha "Ground-Hater Quality Management" report is the state's overall "atrategy." As suoh, they are
currently developing parts of that strategy suoh as a monitoring and classification program. The committee that
developed the "strategy" included all state agencies with water control responsibilities. There also exists an
Administrative Agreement between the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation and the
Department of Health, the two principal agencies responsible for the environment and human health. The Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation is responsible for maintaining (updating) the ground-water
strategy.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation is in the process of developing an
aquifer classification system baaed on differential protection.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.14.1. Does state have a ground-water olasaifioation system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Xea
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of olaaaea:
See the note under 3.2.3.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes No X
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-133-
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STATE: DELAWARE
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources
and Environmental
Conservation*
Department of
Health
Department of
Agriculture ,
Division of
Protection and
Promotion
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Frogra*
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
PBb
X
PEC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
aUIC : Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Manages Super fund.
-134-
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STATE: DELAWARE
3.4. Inter-Ageooy Agreeaenta
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify) :
Agriculture
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreeawota
and Agencies
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation and the Department of Health have an Administrative
Agreement on water management.
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation and the Delaware Geologic Survey have agreements
on aquifer mapping. Also, see 3.5. below.
New Castle County has agreements with the state to do water
quality management and nutrient management.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Currently computerizing well data with the USGS study of
ground-water flow and salt water intrusion.
Ambient ground-water quality
USGS under cooperation with the Delaware Geologic Survey and
the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conserveration are doing aquifer evaluations and studies of
basin water budgets.
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Regional geochemical studies
Water use data
Under a tripartant agreement between USGS, the Delaware Geologic
Survey, and the Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Conservation.
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation collects and issues water use data. They also
regulate water withdrawal and waste disposal.
-135-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
3.6. State Ground-fetor Honltoriqg Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous taste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
All sanitary landfills.
Ground-water monitoring required for land disposal
sites.
There are occasional studies on pesticides in
ground water.
There are occasional studies on nitrates in
ground water.
Monitor!**
Data
Computerized
(Check)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^~~~~"^--— ^__^^ Context
Approaches ^~~*"~--^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
tfeter Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa Xb Xc
xb xb xc
x<
aPublic hearings for UIC and RCRA permits.
bRCRA requirements.
°The administrative process requires public notification and/or hearings on water related permits, major wells,
water withdrawals, waste facilities, waste discharges, etc.
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation Office of Information provides press releases,
newsletters on hazardous wastes, and a conservation magazine with water related articles.
-136-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
». STATE I»LEHE»TATIOB OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PBOTBCT CROWD-WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
SUtua of Program Delegation State lapleaenting Agency
Oouaual/Kotevorthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Conservation
Class V-A wells only
RCRA
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Conservation
Final authorization.8
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Enforcement and certification
grants
Department of Agriculture,
Division of Products and
Promotion
aDoes not include the hazardous and solid waste amendments of 1984.
-137-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1965 Allocation
Specific Grouod-Uitar
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Claan Water Act
Section 106
dean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$217,000 Control of on-lot waste treatment and nutrient
management.
No FY 1985 work program received yet. The existing FY
1983/1984 program allots approximately 4125,000 to
ground-water related tasks and agriculture RMP's.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
ROM
Section 3011
FY 1985: $320,582
FY 1981: $311,000
FY 1983: $368,000
Poes not include additional FY 1985 supplemental
funding.
UIC
FY 1985 under
negotiation;
$39,000 proposed.
FY 1981: $51,800
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
FY 1981: $78,000
-138-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
5. STATB-ORICHATBD OROOID-HATER PROTECTIOi PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: As previously stated, they have a strategy. Remaining issues are currently being proposed for
resolution: ground-water classification, monitoring, data management, and storm water Impact. The proposed
classification system will delineate contaminated aquifer parts where water use would be restricted. It will also
identify levels of protection and establish clean-up criteria, each as a function of aquifer classification.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: S.106, CHA Supplement
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring at RCRA facilities and evaluation of data. An overall monitoring strategy
is being proposed which will describe existing efforts and develop a plan for assimilating and coordinating that
effort into a cohesive program.
FX 1984 Funding: RCRA program
Funding Source: S.106, CHA Supplement
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state is currently computerizing well data with the USCS study of ground-water flow and salt
water intrusion. Much state activity revolves around case-by-case activities and serving grant obligations.
However, task groups to develop water plans and policies exist: Comprehensive Statewide Water Resource Committee,
Ad Hoc LUST/Committee, Inland Bays Task Force and its monitoring committee, and the Governor's Council of
Environmental Advisors with its various subcommittees. In addition, the Delaware River Basin Commission has a
Ground-Water Advisory Committee developing policy recommendations for ground-water management In which the state
Is an active and contributing participant.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-139-
-------
StallI MUURB
5.5. F«mlt»/Control of Diaooaif** to Ground Mater
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Program
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination RMpooae Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Desoription:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-140-
-------
BTATB OBODBD-HATBl HOOKAH BTOQIABT
STATE I MBTUID
1. MTOHB OP THE OBOOBD-IUTBB U800ICB
1.1. Oeologio and Hydrologio Ctaraotsriatioa. Describe general geologies! and hydrologioal obaraoteristios
(I.e. formations* rook type*, areal extent and thiokneaa, transmisslvity, aquifer interconnection, ntmt
of ooBUmlaatioo).
••fioa/Prorlnee it
CoaiUl Plain
•agioB/ProTlao* Bi
Piedmont
BagleB/ProriBee
Blue Ridce
Ct
Peroeat of state oorered
bv this profiaoe (eatiaated)
551
251
201
Oboooflaed iqulfer(a)
The Coaetal Plain
eensieti of 5,000 eaerged
•quare miles of inter-
bedded olay, sand, and
ailt deposits.
The Piedmont consists of
2i500 square miles of
metamorphio sob1st
(gneiss with limestone).
The sedimentary rooks of
this province include
shales, siltstone, ssnd-
stones, and carbonates,
which oover 2,000 square
miles.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Confined situations sre
not sreally extensive,
but do exist to some
extent, especially
limestone formations.
Confined situations are
not areally extensive,
but do exist to some
extent, especially
limestone formations.
Notes: (1) Transmissivity and permeability varies greatly over the area. (2} Contamination is generally confined
to relatively email areas of sn aquifer, but the extent of it is generally unknown.
-141-
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STATE: MABTLAID
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Utter aa Pero«ot of Total Usage
OM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal )
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Done stic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total | Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
1
9
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1978
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Utter Domestic
Systems Hells Total
U 9% 10*
403,000
-142-
-------
STATE: MARYLAND
2.1. Sources (Cbeok major sources of oontajd nation and rank top four
2 • next Boat aerioua, 0to.)
—1m moat serious,
Source Check
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other land f ilia
Surface Impoundments
'(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Agricultural — largest
X
X
X
xb
X
X
X
Rank
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
Source
Check **ntr
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
source of contamination, and moat
Xa 1
X* 2
X 2
X 3
X 3
X 3
extenalve
*Most severe aouroea.
^Considered a very aerioua source of contamination.
Notes: It is assumed that the seriousness of the problem is a function of clean-up difficulty and the existence
of ground water. Contamination aouroes are ranked by the actual or potential severity, not by the areal extent of
ground-water contamination.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
"Nitrate contamination from all sources is very serious in two counties; this problem affects more
ground-water supplies in the state than any other source of contamination.
< •
Notes: Most problems with water supplies are either bacteria, nitrates or volatile organics. Most recently,
the worst problems have been associated with LUST. Also, pesticides are showing up in more and more supplies: and
six public supplies have problems with radlaoactive materials.
-143-
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STATE: MARTLAID
3. STATE GB00MD-WATEH HAIAGBMBST STHDCTDHB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/Io.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control
Health Environment Article, Title
7 and 9, COMAR 10.50
NPDES Program.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Health Environment Article, Title
7 and 9> OOMAR 10.50; Natural Resources
Article 8, COMAR 08.05.01
Solid mate
Health Environment Article, Title
7 and 9, COMAR 10.17.11
Ground-Water Program (land disposal
facilities).
Hazardous waste
Health Environment Article, Title
7, COMAR 10.51.01-10
Hazardous Waste Program (land disposal
facilities).
Mining
Surface Mining Program.
Oil and gas
Natural Resources Article 8,
COMAR 08.05.04
Oil Tank Program.
Other (specify):
U1C
Health Environment Article, Title
9, COMAR 10.50.01, 10.17.02,
10.17.03, and 10.17.13
DIG regulations.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X8
"This also covers specific regulations.
-144-
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STATE: MaRYLalD
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes
No X
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Office of Environmental Programs and Hater Management Administration
with DNfi, OEP, DOA, and OSP
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The state has committed itself to put their strategy in text form with the cooperation of the noted
agencies. Their target date for completion is September 30, 1985.
3.2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: Shown is the current situation that exists in regulation. However, this will be assessed in their
"strategy."
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Their regulations define three classes of aquifers.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
They are tied to the Federal Drinking Water Standards. They are applied to all aquifers used or useable
as drinking water sources.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The range is covered by the Drinking Water Standards.
-145-
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STATE: HARTLMD
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
sut*
Agency
Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene,
Office of Envlron-
•ental Programs,
Waste Management
Administration
Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environ-
mental Programs,
Planning and
Evaluation Office
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Natural Resources
Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene,
Water Management
Administration
Maryland Geological
Survey
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIG*
X
x«
PWb
X
xh
PR0
X
Other*
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Mater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
x'
*UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS s Public Water System.
°PE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dState has a non-point source ground-water regulatory program on part of their "NPDES" program.
eManages Superfund.
fOil tanks.
^Implement Class V wells by cooperative agreement.
Implemented.
-146-
-------
3.*. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATS: NARTLAMD
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy six! strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incident!
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Cooperative enforcement grant
on PCS
Department of Health and Mental
Hygiene with the Department of
Agriculture on pesticide control
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
There are periodic agreements to conduct water quality
investigations of ground-water conditions.
TSCA program to inspect and monitor for compliance for PCB
contamination.
Governs the investigation of ground-water contamination
relating to pesticide use.
3-5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Completed atlas of aquifers, classifying them as vulnerable,
most vulnerable, and not vulnerable. There is extensive
documentation of ground-water resources in map and report form.
Some reports.
Report on surface impoundments (SLA).
-147-
-------
•Mill MilXUID
3.6. State arouad-*rter Monitoring Program
Type* of Monitorial
Non-hasartfoua
tt«te Sit**
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cbeok
X
X
X
X
X
Brlaf Deaoription of Monitoring Program
Nunlelpal/aanitary landfill inventory conducted
in 1979-1981, SIA waa completed in 1980.
RCRA requirements only. State inspections weekly,
facility sampling semi -annually.
Coaplianoe monitoring.
Program monitoring and new private well testing.
DIG requirements only.
Monitoring
Oata
CHButwlMd
(Cbeok)
X*
x»
ItM Of
Database
(apMify)
HWDKS
'Only to list facilities.
''To a limited degree.
3.1. State Programs for Public Participation
""" — -^^^ Context
Approaches """---. ^^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups*
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ifcur Permit adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X
X X
Xb
'Any state activity can be subject to review by the state Water Quality Advisory Group.
bComplying with public participation requirements of delegated programs.
-148-
-------
STATE: MARILAID
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PIOTBCT GROUND HATEB
4.1. ProfrsJi Status
Status of Procrea Delegation
Stats
(kususl/Notewortfay
Acenoy Progrui Cbsraoteristios
UIC
Delegated
Department of Hsalth and
Mental Hygiene,
Offloe of Environmental
Program, Haate Management
Administration
Hater Managanant
Adminiatration
Claaa V wells only.
Controls ssptage systems design,
installation, operation and well
construetion.
Controls sewage lagoons.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase II, A, B, and C
Final authorization
delegated January 25,
1985
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environmental
Programs, Waste Management
Administration
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environmental
Programs, Water Management
Adminiatration
Pesticides
Enforcement
Receiving enforcement grants
Department of Agriculture
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene, Water
Management Administration
enforces Federal/state
Drinking Hater Program
Controls pesticide and other
contaminants where they directly
impact ground water.
-149-
-------
STATE: MARTLAMD
*.2. Grant Stains
OlWDt
1965 Allocation
Specific CrouDd-Vater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$910,000
of Federal funds
to be finalized
in 2/65
Controls septic tanks, statewide Hater quality
planning, ground-water discharge permit program and
NFS implementation.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
FT 1985 not negotiated;
FT 1964: $656,000
Agriculture and storm water management<
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
RCRA
Section 3011
EPA HQ grant to assess
165 sites; $93,000
plan being negotiated
RCRA
Section 3011
Funding To support facility permitting and compliance
$717,490 enforcement activities.
UIC
$70,400
Hell assessments.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
FY 1984: $183,000
* $26,000 carryover,
FY 1983: $13,700
* $53,000 carryover.
-150-
-------
STATE: HARYLABD
5. STATB-OHlOIiiTBD GBOUID-VATKR PIOTBCTIOI PBOOlaMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Oround-llater Monitoring
Description: All cosnunity and non-community public water supplies are monitored monthly for bacteria, and
monitored quarterly for EPA drinking water standards. All new wells are tested prior to service. There are
currently special studies on ground water for nitrates, VOC's, pesticides, etc.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: State, general, and EPA Drinking Mater funds
5.3* Ground-Water Bcsouroe Aaseaaaent/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-151-
-------
STATE: MaBYLMD
5.5. Fwvita/Coatrol of Discharges to Qrouad Hater
Description: The state discharge program is analogous to HPOES except that it baa added control over discharges
to ground water.
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State
5.6. Septic tfcnagement Progrui
Description: See previous description. Control la managed through the issuance of permits. This activity is
delegated to county health departments. Septage waste is also controlled through the annual issuance of operating
certificates.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State /EPA 106 grants
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Oil tanks only.
FY 1984 Funding: $300,000
Funding Source: State Oil Fund
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: There is a state response program.
FY 1984 Funding: Funding varies
Funding Source: State controlled hazardous substance fund
5.9. Other
-152-
-------
STATE OROPHD-lfATER PROGRAM SOMMART
STATE: PBMMSTLVANXA
1. IATURE OF THE CROWD-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, weal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconflaed Aqulfer(s)
Confined Aquifer(s)
-153-
-------
STATE t
1.2. Friaary OMB of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Mining
Enhanced Recovery
Total
% of Total I Ground Hater
Qround Miter of Total Hater
1.3* Population Reliance on Qround Hater for Drinking Water for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
48*
-154-
-------
STATE: PUnSTLVAlIA
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of
2 « ant moat aerloua, etc.)
imtlon and rank top four — Is Boat serious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
^[a«|r link
X 3
X 2
X 2
X
X 2
X 2
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Uncontrolled dumps8
Mining
X 1
X 2
Source Check lank
Injection wells X 3
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
'Uncontrolled dumps are considered very serious.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-155-
-------
STATE: FBWSTLfAHIA
3. STATE GXOU1D-Y1TER MAIAOBMEVT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes r*rtalnb« to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subjwt Monitored tor Statute
Statute MUM/MO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to around-Ntter Protection
General wter pollution
oontrol
Clean Stream Law
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Solid Vaate Management Act:
Act 97 (1980)
Hazardous waste
Solid Waste Management Act:
Act 97 (1980)
Provides for regulatory coverage of
design and construction of facilities;
ground-water monitoring at regulated
facilities.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State (hound-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
-156-
-------
arms nmsxmm
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes
Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Water Quality
Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The draft policy is currently being reviewed within the state and is expected to be completed for
publication in the summer of 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Motes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standard a
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes No X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
MCL's from SDWA used in many cases. Also, no increase over background level.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
40 CFR 261, Appendix VIII, is the state equivalent to the SDWA list of 10 inorganic and 6 organic
contaminants.
-157-
-------
STATE: PENNSYLVANIA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Resources, Bureau
of Solid Waste
Management
Department of
Environmental
Resources, Bureau
of Community
Environmental
Control
Department of
Agriculture,
Bureau of
Plant Industry
Ground-
Hater
Polio*/
Rule/
Standard.
*»
Pe
RCRA
X
derally-
D1C*
Delegate
PHSb
X
d Prog
rec
X
ram
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Mapping,
etc.
Hater
Quality
Irtit
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
^WtM
Road
De-icing
Ottoer
(
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Hater System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dChapters 75.265 (M) and 75.261 (M).
-158-
-------
STATE t mmSTLTARXA
3.4. XaUr-Acaae*
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy end strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
Description of Agreeaenta
and Agencies
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Cbeck if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The Department of Environmental Resources has done $500,000
worth of aquifer mapping and is currently updating water
management plans.
-159-
-------
STATE: PEMSTLTABIA
3.6. State Ground-Kater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazandous
veate altea
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Quarterly sampling at land disposal units. If
significant increases are found, it triggers action.
Monitoring of significant contamination sources.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cheek)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^ — ^^^ Context
Approaches ^~~~"~-~--^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens1 advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Begulation Ground -
ifetw Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
X
X X
X8
Compliance with public participation requirements of delegated programs.
-160-
-------
STATE: PEnSTLfAlIA
«. STATE INPLEMEITATIOI OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT QROUID WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Qnuaual/lotevorthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Not delegated
Department of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Hater
Quality Management
They do have a state program, but
there are dual permits with EPA.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Department of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Solid
Waste Management
Hell locations must be approved
by the Department of Environ-
mental Resources. There is also
quarterly sampling.'
PUS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Com-
munity Environmental
Control
Pesticides
Enforcement
Enforcement and certification
grants
Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry
-161-
-------
4.2. Gnat Status
STATE* FSnSYLTAlIA
Grant
1985 Alienation
Specific Ground-Water
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Supplement
4233,800
The ground-Mater supplement is being reviewed.
Clean Water Act
Section 208
Funds remaining in the program are being used in the
assessment of soil dependent sewage systems.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
FY 1985 negotiations
not completed;
FY 1983/84: $969,000
Upgrading of Water Quality Management planning in two
regions.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
RCRA
Section 3011
FY 1985: $2,416,600
FY 1981: $2.2 million
In depth inspections at 339 of all facilities required
to perform ground-water monitoring.
Review of closure plans which would Include ground-water)
monitoring program.
Enforcement against violators.
UIC
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
FY 1984: $309,000 Enforcement and certification of operators.
-162-
-------
STATE: MHHSTLTAIIA
5. StATE-ORXOHIATBD OROOHD-MATBR PIOTKCTXOM PROGRAMS
5.1. OrouM-Htter Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The ground-water management and monitoring strategy is being reviewed within the state. This review
should be completed soon with publication In the sunnier and Implementation In the fall of 1985.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: S.106 and 208 of OHA.
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Monitoring is conducted for significant contamination sources. Facility owner/operators (hazardous
waste) are required to monitor quarterly. State follow-up as required (split sampling). In addition, all other
significant ground-water pollution sources are also monitored.
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: RCRA (hazardous)
5.3. Ground-water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Department of Environmental Resources has expended $500,000 for aquifer napping.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-163-
-------
STATE: PHnSTLVAlU
5.5. P«»lt»/CoBtrol of Discharges to Ground Mater
Deacription: Permitting of hazardous wast* disposal facilities (not delegated).
FT 198* Funding: Hot broken out In this category. Total permitting: $1,590,200
Funding Source: RCRa
5.6. Septlo MaoageMBt Program
Description: Currently evaluating soil dependent sewage systems.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 3.208, CWA
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Program
Description: They propose to plan and evaluate storage tank control needs.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: 106 supplement for 1985
5*8. Contamination Beaponae Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
Fr 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-164-
-------
arm OROUTO-WATBH PBOOBAM STOMAHI
STATE: TXRGXBIA
1. IATOBB Of TBB OROOBD-VATBI BBSOOBCB
1.1. Oeologlo end Bydrologlo Cbaraoteristloa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharacteristiea
(1.*. formations, rook typea, areal extent and thickness, tranamlssivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
CbaraotMtaUoa
Physiographic
Beglon/Proviaoe A:
Coastal Plain
Pbyalographio
Region/ProTiooe B:
Piedmont
Phjraiographlo
Begioo/ProTinoe C:
Valley and Ridge
Peromt of state covered
by thi» prorinoe
ODoonfined Aqulfer(s)
The region yields moderate
to large auppliea. Water
cones from a number of
aquifers, the quality of
which differs
substantially.
The region has low to
moderate yields. Water
is of excellent quality.
Water is derived from
fractures in formations
overburden.
The region has high yields
in limestone and dolomite
areas. The water la
generally hard.
Confined Aquifer(a)
(Continued)
-165-
-------
STATE: TIKGIIIA
1. 11TDBB OP THE GR00W-HATBB BBSOOBCE
t.l. Geologic and Bydrologlc Otaraeterlstlea. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
legion/Province D:
Cumberland Plateau
Physiographic
Beglon/Prorlnce E:
Percent of atate oorered
t>j this province (•stlaatad)
Unconfined Aqalfer(a)
The region has low to
noderate yields, usually
occurring along fractures,
coal seams, and in sand-
stone. The water is
usually somewhat hard;
acidic near coal seams.
Confined Aquifer(a)
-166-
-------
STATE: TXRQXIIA
1.2. Primary Uses of Oround Hater as Percent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hater
30
29
38
97
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
47*
2,800,000
-167-
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STATE: TliGIKA
2.1 Sources (Cbeok major aouroea of contamination and rank top four
2 B next aoat serious, etc.)
— 1 «
•t awloua,
Source Cbeok lank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits) X
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks X
Source Cbeok tank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste aites
Regulated hazardous
waste aites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify)
2.2. Contaavinating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-168-
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STATE: TIBGIMA
3. STATE GROUMD-HATER MAIAGBMEMT STROCTOBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laM/Ho.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General Mater pollution
control
Water Quality Standards — Sec. 109
Sets out ground-water anti-degradation
policy and ground-water quality
standards.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Ground-Water Act
Sets aside ground-water management areas.
Solid waste
Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management Act, Title 32
Regulates solid waste management
practices.
Hazardous waste
See above and Title 10, Chapter 17.1
of the Hazardous Waste Facility
Siting Act
Regulates hazardous waste management
practices. HWFSA regulates the location
of facilities.
Mining
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Act
Regulates oil and gas industry; prevents
pollution of state waters.
Other (specify):
Water discharge
NPDES Program
Regulates discharges to state's waters,
including ground water.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-169-
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STATE: TIBGIMIA
3.2.2. DmlopBeDt of Qround-4tat«r Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering ooomittee: ________^____^______
No X
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.}:
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: No formal policy; permits involving ground water are Issued on a case-by-case basis.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes No X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-170-
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STATE: VIRGINIA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Hater Control Board*
Department of
Health, Division of
Solid Waste and
Hazardous Materials6
Department of
Health, Division of
Hater Programs'
Department of Labor,
Division of Mines
and Quarries
Department of
Agriculture and
Consumer Services,
Division of Product
and Industry
Regulations
Virginia Hazardous
Waste Management
Siting Board
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
X
OIC*
PHSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X«
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro»
Road
De-icing
Otnei
X«
aOIC - Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Overall responsibility to protect ground water.
eManages Superfund.
f Department's responsibility starts when ground water enters well.
Responsible for oil and gas operations and mines and quarries; protects ground water from oil, gas, or salt water durinj
development of the resources.
-171-
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STATE: VIRGINIA
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreement*
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Agreements between the State Hater Control Board, the State
Department of Health, and the Division of Mine and Land
Reclamation exist, mainly to coordinate the review of various
projects, such as Injection wells, sanitary landfills, and
mining operations.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Cheek if
Applicable
X
\
Description of Activities
The State Water Control Board has an ongoing program to publish
county ground-water reports and special studies. The state
ground-water database is kept up-to-date; the ground-water
research drilling program Is also active, compiling Information
on ground-water levels, pollutant distribution, and aquifer
analysis .
-172-
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STATE: TIBGMIA
3.6. State around-Vater Monitoring Program
Type* of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste altes
Hasardoua twite aitaa
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Yearly inspections at facilities handling mate;
sampling la alao dona at land-baaed facilities.
15 wells aanpled annually for aalt water intrusion
data.
120 wells sampled quarterly for chemical analysis.
250 wells sampled annually for level readings; 2 wells
monitored for land surface subsidence.
Monitoring
Data
CoBputerUed
(Check)
•am of
Database
(Specify)
•
3.7. State PrognuB for Public Participation
"~--~^^^ Context
Approaches *"~"~~-»^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
i
i
General Specific
Qround- Regulation Ground -
ifctar Permit Adoption, water
laauea Zaauaace Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X
X X
-173-
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STATE: VIRGINIA
*. STATE ZNPLBMEHTATZON OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program SUtua
Federal
Pragma
Status of Program
State Implementing Agency
Obuaual/Notevorthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Not delegated
RCRA
Delegated; final authorization
Department of Health,
Division of Solid Waste and
Hazardous Materials
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health,
Division of Water Programs
Pesticides
Enforcement
Certification and enforcement
grants
Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services,
Division of Product and
Industry Regulation
-174-
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STATE: TI1GIIIA
4.2. Orut SUtua
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Aot
Section 106
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
FY 1981: $254,000
FI 1983: $860,000
($324,000 in reserve)
Surface Impoundment assessments were done.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
RCRA
Section 3011
FY 1985: $879,562
FY 1984: $793,000
FT 1963: $70,000
01C
$62,500
Class V assessments.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
-175-
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STATE: VIRGIIXA
5. STATB-ORIGIMATBD GROOVD-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring network consists of 120 wells sampled quarterly for chemical analysis, 15
wells sampled annually for salt water intrusion, 250 wells sampled annually for level readings, and 2 sites
monitored continuously for land surface subsidence.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: State administers program to keep ground-water database current, conducts a research drilling
program, and compiles information on aquifer analysis and pollutant distribution.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-176-
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STATE: VXRGXII1
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Water
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Pragma
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-177-
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STATE
PROGRAM SPMMAM
STATE: VEST VIBGIIIA
1 . MATURE Of THE OEOOID-MATEB BESOUBCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrolagio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologionl characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, weal extent and thickness, transmisaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Valley and Ridge
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Appalachian Plateau
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Obooofined Aqulfer(s)
Region consists of
interbedded layers of
highly folded and faulted
sandstone, shale, and
ants tone. Mostly karat
with ground-water flow
controlled by aolution
channels, regional/local
dip, and secondary
permeability. Many
valleys are filled with
unoonsolidated alluvium
and most aquifers are
inter-oonneeted
hydraulically.
Region consists of
interbedded layers of
relatively flat-lying
sandstone, siltstone,
shale, and rock. Ground-
water flow controlled by
fractures in consolidated
rocks. Most aquifer units
in hydraulic connection.
Significant alluvial
aquifers along major
rivers.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
-170-
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STATE: NEST fIBGIlIA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Usage
Qae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
11
78a
11
100
alncludes agricultural uses.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
20%
360,000
DoBeatic
Hells
30$
510,000
Total
50>
900,000
-179-
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STATE: WEST YIRGIMIA
2.1. Sources (Check Major aouroes of
2 * ntzt Boat aerloua, etc.)
ataBlnation and rank top four —IB aoat aerioua,
Source Check lank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-ait« industrial X
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other land f ilia
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Abandoned wells X
Coal Mining X
Source Cbaok Bank
Injection wella
Abandoned hazardous
waste aitaa
Regulated hsrardous
waste aitea
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
2.2. Contaad Dating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile X_
Synthetic X
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-180-
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STATE: VEST THOHIi
3. STAT1 OBOUID-VATSB MAIAOIMENT STHDCT011
3.1. State Statute* Pertaining to Oround-ltaUr Quality and Pollution Control
Subjwt Monitored by Statute
Statute lasje/lo.
Iptloa of Authority Pertaining
to Oround-Miter Protection
General utter pollution
oontrol
Water Pollution Control Aot
Chapttr 20, Artiol* 5A
Oround-mttr quality
(including publie health
•tandarda)
Ragulationa for itate UZC Prograa
Chapter 20-5E (S«rl«a XV)
Solid waatt
Haxardoua mate
Hazardoua Haata Hanagtmtnt Regula-
tions — Chapter 20-5E (Sariaa XV)
Mining
Oil and gas
Offloa of Oil and Oaa
Department of Mines, Chapter 22-1
Other (apecify):
Department of Natural Resources,
Chapter 20-6
Notea:
3.8. State Ground-Water Policy1
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state atatutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in exiatenoe for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
*The state is in the initial stage of development of a ground-wtttr protection strategy.
-181-
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STATE: NEST VIRGINIA
3.2.2. Development or Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3»2.2.2» Lead agency/steering coonlttee:
Yes
No X
3^2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreenents, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Department of Natural Resources/Division of Hater Resources has a Memorandum of Understanding with
the Office of Oil and Gas regarding delineation of 01C responsibilities.
the Department of Natural Resources/Division of Hater Resources and the Department of Health are
currently developing a Memorandum of Understanding regarding public water supply problems associated with
underground injection.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Through the U1C program, the Department of Natural Resources/Division of Water Resources has entered
into contracts with USGS for the following: 1) maps depicting elevation of the base of fresh water and the
elevation of the top of salt water; 2) hydrologic basin atlases for the state; 3) aquifer recharge mapping; and 3)
ground-water database development.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-182-
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STATE: VEST VIRGINIA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of
Hater Resources
Department of Health
Department of Mines,
Office of Oil and
Gas
Department of
Agriculture,
Plant Pesticide
Division
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIC*
X
X
PHSb
X
X
PEC
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping.
etc.
Ground -
Hater
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X*
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dUIC Primacy, Interim Authorization, NPDES, RCRA.
-183-
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STATE: BEST TIBGIMIA
3.1. Inter-Agency Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of AgrMsonta
and Agencies
The Division of Water Resources and the Department of Health
are currently developing a Memorandum of Understanding regarding
public water supply problems associated with underground
injection.
The Department of Environmental Regulation and the Division
of Water Resources have a Memorandum of Understanding with the
Office of Oil and Gas regarding delineation of U1C
responsibilities .
The Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water
Resources has agreements with USGS.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer napping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The Division of Water Resources, through the UIC program,
entered into contracts with USGS for state hydrologic basin
atlases, aquifer recharge mapping, and hydrogeologic (ground-
water) database collection.
-184-
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STATE: WEST YIBGIHIA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
Quarterly ground-water monitoring at facilities.
Monitoring only for individual program requirements.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
tame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^~^^-^^^^ Context
Approaches " ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Htt«r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
-185-
-------
STATE: VEST VIRGINIA
». STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PIOOBAHS TO PROTECT OBODID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
SUtua of Program Delegation
SUte Implemwting Agency
Dnuaual/Votetrorthy
Prograii Charaoterlatioa
DIG
Primacy awarded January 9, 1984
Dapartaent of Natural
Resources, Division of Vater
Resources with support from
the Department of Mines,
Office of Oil and Gas
RCRA
Delegated; interim
authorization, Phase I
and II, A and B;
March 26, 1964
Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Water
Resources
PUS
Fully delegated
Department of Health,
Environmental Health Services
Pesticides
Enforcement
Funded for certification
Department of Agriculture,
Plant Pesticide Division
-186-
-------
3TATB: VBST TIIOIIIA
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
FT 1985: negotiations
not complete.
FY 1981: (381,400
FY 1983: $10,000
Water quality and non-point source management from
mining.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
Not available
RCRA
Section 3011
FY 1985
$706,000
(doesn't include
supplemental
funding)
Preliminary assessments and "desk top" analysis and
compliance Inspection at facilities requiring ground-
water monitoring.
UIC
$166,300
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
FY 1984: $87,000
FY 1983: $M,000
-187-
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arm i HUT vxionu
5. 8TATI-ORXOXMTID OiOOID-WAIIB PIOTBCTIOI FIOQUMS
S.I. OreuDd-Vttw
(inoluding ground -wt«r quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1961 Funding!
Funding Sourot:
5.2. Oround^aUr Nooitorii«
Dtsorlptiont Evaluation of ground-wtttr data submitttd by faeilitits in support of th« stats*s ooopliano*
monitoring and permitting progrta.
FY 1984 Funding<
Funding Souros: RCRA 3011
5.3" Oround-VatCT RMOUTOS Assssssnnt/Aqulf«r Study /Napping
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Sourot:
5.1. Agrioulturml CoDtaavLnatiOB Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Sourot:
-188-
-------
STATIl VEST TXIQXIZA
5.5. Permits/Control of DUohargea to Oround Water
Description:
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic ManageawDt Prograsi
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Prograas
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Cont«»1nation Response Prograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 19B4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-189-
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REGION IV
-------
STATE GROUND-WATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: ALABAMA
1. NATURE OF THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteriatioa
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTince A:
Appalachian-
Piedmont Upland
Phyaiographlo
Region/Province B:
Appalachian—
Appalachian Valley
and Ridge
Physiographic
Region/ProTince C:
Appalachian--
Appalachian Plateau
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
12*
Unconfined Aquifar(a)
The Piedmont consists of
a thick sequence of
weathered bedrock called
saprolite, and the
underlying parent igneous
and metanorphic rock.
Some areas have eroded
the saprolite leaving
exposed bedrock.
Generally ground water
occurs in the bedrock
in upland areas and in
the saprolite overlying
the bedrock in valleys.
Yields range from 10 to
50 gallons per minute
depending on well type.
This area is charac-
terized by northeast
to southwest trending
ridges and valleys. The
consolidated sandstones,
shales, coals, lime-
stones, and dolomite
formations have been
thrust-faulted to this
structural configuration.
Ground water occurs in
openings along fractures
and bedding planes in
the bedrock, and in
weathered soils and rock
overlying bedrock. Wells
yield from a few gallons
to 300 gpm.
The Appalachian Plateau
consists of consolidated and
unconsolldated sandstones,
shales, coals, and lime-
stones. Located in the
central and northwest parts
of the state, these rocks
have suffered minor
deformation and are
structurally horizontal.
Ground water occurs in
unconfined conditions in
openings along fractures and
bedding planes in the bed-
rock, soils, and weathered
bedrock. Hell yields range
from a few gallons to 300
gpm.
In the Tennessee Valley,
ground water is developed
from wells tapping
solutionized limestone
formations.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Fracture flow ground-
water conditions in
bedrock can occur in a
confined state since
saprolites can be
relatively impermeable,
thus confining the
bedrock ground water.
Large yields occur at
Sylacauga where ground
water is channelled into
solution cavities in
marble. Discharge from
this source occurs
naturally as springs and
in marble quarries.
Production from a spring
at Avondale Mills is
reported to be 700 gpm.
Confined ground-water
conditions occur in
coals, sandstones, and
solutionized limestones.
Limestone aquifers in
valleys account for the
largest ground-water
production. Well yields
of over 100 gpm are
common.
Fracture flow ground-water
conditions in consolidated
sandstones, coals, and
limestones do occur in some
areas in confined
conditions. Wells average
10 gpm with a maximum of
375 gpm.
(Continued)
Notes: In the Appalachian Province, ground water is available in fractures, sand lenses, weathered rock,
cavernous systems, and alluvial deposits. Large springs issue from carbonate rocks in this province. The rocks
of the Appalachian Province pass under the formation of the Coastal Plain, which strikes nearly at right angles
to the structure of that province. Along the border of the Appalachian Province and the Coastal Plain the
Appalachian rocks are overlain by the Cretaceous rocks; further south they are more deeply buried by Tertiary and
later sediments. •
-190-
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STATEt ALABAMA
1. IATDBE W THE QBODNO-VATBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Qaolqglo and Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharaoteriatioa
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiaalvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Coaraoterlatlea
Physiographic
Begion/Provlnae 0:
Coastal Plain
Pby Biographic
Region/Province E:
Physiographic
Region/Province F:
Percent of state covered
by this prorlnoe (estimated)
65>
Oboonfiaed Aqutfer(a)
Rock units of the Coastal
Plain consist of sand,
gravel, clay, chalk, marl,
and limestone. The sedi-
mentary rocks dip south
toward the Gulf of Mexico
at 30 to 40 feet per mile.
Each formation la expoaed
at the surface along its
northern edge and down the
dip is overlain by younger
beds. Unconfined aquifers
occur in river and stream
alluvium, and at varying
depths where sands and
limestones outcrop. Shallow
wells yield adequate
aupplies for domestic use.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Confined aquifers can occur
at varying depths, from 18
feet at Gulf Shores to 1500
feet in other areas of the
Coastal Plain. Yields of
up to 1000 gpm are attained
from large capacity wells.
Artesian systems are also
common along Coastal Plain
rivers.
-191-
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STATE: ALABAMA
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Uae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
45.5 25.8
14.9 0.5
2.7 28.1
36.9 67.4
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
27%
1,045,000
Domestic
Hells
10.5*
386,700
Total
37 .5J
1,431,700
-192-
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3TATB: ALABAMA
2.1. BouroM (OMok major aouroes of contamination nd rank top four
2 » Mzt Boat Mrioua, «to.)*
— I" BOat MTiOUB,
Source Cbeok Bank
Septio tanks
Municipal landfills X 3
On-slte industrial X 4
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface Impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X 1
tanks
Other (specify):
Natural — fluoride X
and radioactivity
spills
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
alf a known ground-water problem has been attributed to a source, it is checked. However, rankings are based on
Incomplete data. For instance, a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural pollution has not been accomplished.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
X
X
Metals X
Radioactive material X
Pesticides X
Other (specify)
-193-
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STATES ALABAMA
3. STATE GH00ID-WATEH KAIAGKMSMT 3TH0CTBHB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality aod Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify) :
Environmental agency
organization
Statute laaM/lo.
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
22-23-1 et sea.. (1983 Cum Supp.)
(Alabama Water Pollution Control Act)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
22-24-1 .et sea. <1?83 Cum. Supp.)
Code of Alabama (1975) 'Sections
22-27-1 itlSS.. (19&3 Cum. Supp.)
(Solid Wastes Disposal Act)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
22-30-1 et .sea. H983 Cum. Supp.)
(Hazardous Wastes Management Act
of 1978)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
9-16-1 et seq. (Alabama Surface
Mining Act of 1969)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
9-17-1 et seq.
Environmental Management Act of
1982
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Provides authority to permit discharges to
ground water, to issue orders requiring
cessation or abatement of pollution, and
to require monitoring and installation
of equipment.
No specific statute to protect ground-
water quality. This section establishes
water well standards.
Authorizes local governments to collect
and dispose of solid waste subject to
the approval of the Alabama Department
of Environmental Management.
Regulates all sites for the storage,
treatment, or disposal of hazardous
waste.
Regulates surface mining, including
authority to require reclamation.
Regulates the production of oil and gas
by the Oil and Gas Board.
Consolidates most environmental regulatory
functions in Department of Environment.
Notes: Very little state legislation relates directly to ground-water protection, use, or management.
Municipalities are required to obtain permits to drill wells, but this requirement Is directed at public health
standards.
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Owok
X
X
-194-
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STATE: ALABAMA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In FY 1985 the state will develop a ground-water strategy and protection program. The primary source of
funding for this effort will be the Section 106 supplemental grant.
3»2»3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradati on
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Nof-
-------
STATE: ALABAMA
3.3. SUte Agency Responaibllitlea for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Management
Department of
Agriculture and
Industries, Division
of Agricultural
Chemistry and
Plant Industries
State Geologist,
Alabama Geological
Survey
State Geologist,
State Oil and Gas
Board
Surface Mining
Commission
Department of
Health
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
OIC*
X
X
PVS*
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground -
Mater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
Tatlon
Mining
X
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lolng
Other
X
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CP£ s Pesticides Enforcement.
-196-
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3-*. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: ALABAMA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground -water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Alabama Department of Environmental Management and 0GB have
an agreement regarding the UIC program.
The Alabama Geological Survey has a formal cooperative
agreement with USGS; USGS does cooperative work with other
state agencies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Mapping of USDHs completed; mapping of coastal aquifers is
underway by the USGS.
PWS program evaluates drinking water sources.
-197-
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STATE: ALABAMA
3.6. State around-Utter Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Landfills, some impoundments, and some land
application sites have monitor wells.
RCRA requirements.
Study by GSA In coastal area.
Alabama Geological Survey and USGS continue routine
data collection.
Some site monitoring by Alabama Geological Survey in the
Emelle area.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
Ham of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
& STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
"~^-~— .^_^^ Context
Approaches ^~~""-— -^___^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Htter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
-198-
-------
STATE: ALABAMA
4. STATE IMPLBMBMTATIOM OP FBDBBAL PBOORAMS TO PBOTECT QROOVD NATBB
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Program
Statna of Pragma Delegation
State lapleMQting Agency
Qnuaual/loteworthy
Pragma Cttaraoteriatios
Delegated for all 5 classes
of wells
Department of Environmental
Management: Classes I, III,
IV, V
State Oil and Gas Board:
Class II
Construction of new Class I wells
prohibited;; amendments for Class I
being considered.
RCRA
Not delegated
Department of Environmental
Management, Land Program
Assists EPA in administering the
program in Alabama (contract
basis).
PUS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Management
Monitors raw ground water which
serves as a source of public
drinking water.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture and
Industries, Division of
Agricultural Chemistry and
Plant Industries
-199-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
STATE: ALABAMA
Gnunt
R 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeeta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$1,595,100 Develop a ground-water strategy and program, land
($155(100 for application regulations, well monitoring regulations,
ground-water) and data management system. Identify high priority
ground-Haters.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$273,550
None for ground-water activities.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$1,094,000
None for ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$751,500;
potential for
additional
$111,700
Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports
review, and lab expenses: $120,000a
Permitting: $300,000*
01C
$115,800
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a){1)
$128,700
None for ground-water activities.
SDHA
Section I443(a)
$341,500
Monitoring and data review: $52,500
Conducted by EPA or as part of contract with ADEM.
-200-
-------
STATE I ALABAMA
5. STATK-ORIOUIATBD GBOOMD-WATKH PBOTBCTXOI PBOORAM8
5.1. Oround-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Strategy objectives include: (1) development and establlahnent by regulation of a ground-water
classification system complete with water quality standards; (2) identification of significant sources and
significant potential sources of ground-water pollution; (3) determination of whether suffioient authority exists
in the state to prevent loss of useable ground-water resources through pollution, and to obtain any additional
authority that may be required; and (4) development of a coordinated ground-water protection program which is
designed to prevent pollution of ground-water resources and which will detect and provide for mitigation of
existing ground-water pollution problems.
FY 198*4 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Some site monitoring is conducted, including the Emelle area. Non-RCRA landfills are monitored.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Coastal plain aquifers are mapped in cooperation with the OSGS.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-201-
-------
STATIt ALABAMA
5.5. Pewlta/Cootrol of DlMbarfM to Oreuad Mate*
Description: The state maintains • source control program for many types of facilities and activities which re-
present a potential thrtat to ground water. These include program! for regulation of solid and hazardous wast*
diapoaal on land; land apreading of Mwaga and avwag* aludg* disposal) underground injection of waste (all classes
of walla); and mining mate.
n 1984 Fundingi
Funding Source i
5.6. Septio Nuagweat Procru
Descriptioni The state has a septic tank regulatory program.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Dnderground Storage Tank ProgrmM
Description: No program exists.
PY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Super-fund)
Description: Any pollution of ground water is a violation of the State Water Pollution Control Act. When
pollution is found and the person responsible can be identified, clean-up enforcement action is taken.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-202-
-------
STATE OBOOro-WATBK PiOORAM SOMMABT
STATE: FLORIDA
1. IATDBB OP TBB QR00HMIATER USOTOCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrolocio Character istioa. Deaoribe general geological and hydrologioal obaraoteriatics
(I.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Pbyaiograpblc
legion/Province A:
Coastal Plain—
Biacayne
Physiographic
•egion/Proriaoe B:
Coastal Plain-
Sand and Gravel
Phy Biographic
legion/Province C:
Coastal Plain-
Surficial and Intermediate
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onoonfined Aquifer (a)
The Biacayne Aquifer
of Southeast Florida
is a major source of
ground water and con-
sists of Pliocene
through Holooene sedi-
ments .
The aand-and-gravel
aquifer system ia lo-
cated in the western-
Boat Panhandle Region.
It ia the major water
source.for thia area
and ia composed of
middle Miocene through
Holocene sands, gravels,
and clays.
The surficial and inter-
mediate aquifer aystem
covers a large portion of
Florida and is composed
of Miocene through Holo-
oene limestone sands and
a variety of other sedi-
ments. Thia system is
generally extensively
developed when better
ground-water supplies are
not available. The major
areas of development of
this aquifer system are in
South Peninaular Florida
and along the east and
aouthwest coastal areas.
Confined Aquifer(s)
(Continued)
-203-
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
1. EITOBB Of THE GKOOID-HATEB BBSOORCB
1.1. Oaologlo and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraeterlatiea
Physiographic
Begion/ProTlace D:
The Floridan
Physiographic
RagioB/ProTlace E:
Ptayalographic
BeglonyProTince F:
Fereant of state covered
by thla province (estimated)
aboonfined Aqulfer(s)
The principal source of
ground water in Florida
is the Floridan Aquifer.
The Floridan underlies
the entire state and is
composed of primarily
late Paleocene through
middle Miocene limestone
and dolomite interbedded
with sand, clay, and marl.
The Floridan Aquifer sup-
plies potable ground water
to all but southernmost
and westernmost Florida.
Rainfall recharge to the
Floridan Aquifer occurs in
the central Florida lake
area and also in the
northeast-central portion
of the state. Unconfined
Floridan Aquifer segments
are mostly in the Middle
Gulf region of the state.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The principal source of
ground water in Florida
is the Floridan Aquifer.
This aquifer underlies
the entire state and is
composed of late Paleocene
to early Miocene units
that form a continuous
carbonate sequence that
is hydraulically connected
in varying degrees. The
aquifer thickness varies
from 100-3,500 feet.
Where thick deposits of
clay and marl exist
between land surface and
the Floridan, the aquifer
Is confined. The aquifer
is unconfined in the
Middle Gulf region. The
confined Floridan
supplies potable ground
water to all but southern-
most and westernmost
Florida.
Notes: Florida is underlain by mostly limestone and dolomite covered with a surficial layer of discontinuous sand
and clay deposits. Essentially, all of Florida is underlain by sedimentary deposits containing economically
obtainable and potable ground-water.
-204-
-------
ST1TB: FLORIDA
1.2. Primary Data of Ground Hater aa Percent of ToUl Daage
DM
Public Hater Systems
(including Municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hater
31.2 85.7
19.6 26.5
41.6 53.5
7.5 93.5
0.1
100.0
1.3. Population Hellene* on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
System Hells
72% 18J
7,017,360 1,754,340
Total
90*
8,771,700
-205-
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of oontsjBlnatioo sad rude top four
2 • next Boat serious, etc.)
— IB Boat serious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Check Rank
X 3
X 4
X
X
X
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
X 1
Source Check Rank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
2!
1
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion X
2
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X8
1
Road salting
Other (specify) :
Discharge of inadequately treated municipal wastewaters continues
a significant source of contamination.
Urban development.
Use of drainage and sinkholes to dispose of flood waters poses a
widespread threat to sensitive aquifers.
to be
8Stormwater runoff from agricultural activities; pesticides.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
X
X
±
X
X
Other (specify) Xa
aPetroleum products.
-206-
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
3. STATE OBOOMO-HATEB NAHAGBNEn STBDCTORB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute lame/lo.
Description of Authority
to Ground-Hater Protection
General Mater pollution
control
Hater Quality Assurance Act of
1983
Authorized the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation to establish a
water Quality database. This authority
Includes ground-water quality.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Florida Air and Hater Pollution
Control Act, Chapter 403, Florida
Statutes (F.S.)
The state policy is to conserve, protect,
maintain, and Improve the quality of
state waters. Pollution is a menace tc
public health.
Solid waste
Resource Recovery and Management
Act, Part IV, Chapter 403, F.S.
Provides planning and technical assistance
for collection, reduction, and disposal of
solid waste.
Hazardous waste
Resource Recovery and Management
Act, Part IV, Chapter 403. F.S.
Provides planning and technical assistance
for collection, reduction, and disposal of
solid waste.
Mining
Chapter 378, F.S.
Authorized an advisory committee to
approve a master mined land reclamation
plan.
Oil and gas
Chapter 377, F.S.
Authorized regulation of oil and gas
resources and compacts.
Other (specify):
Water use
Government agency
organization
Water Resources Act of 1972,
Chapter 373, F.S., Land and
Water Management
Environmental Reorganization Act
of 1975, Chapter 403, F.S.,
Chapter 373. F.S.
Authorized establishment of five Water
Management Districts that are or can be
delegated authority for most functions
relating to water quantity management
and allocation.
Consolidated almost all environmental
regulatory functions into the Florida
Department of Environmental Regulation.
Some water management powers that
significantly impact ground water are
delegated to the regional Water Manage-
ment Districts, including some regulatory
functions relating to well construction
and operation.
Notes: (1) Florida has the most comprehensive and extensive legislative approach to water management of any
state in the Southeast. Several statutes passed in 1972 impact ground-water management, use, and protection.
(2) Local governments in Florida are authorized to exercise land use controls, Including controls to
protect ground-water recharge areas. There have been some experiments with such controls in Dade and Volusia
Counties. This effort is supported by the Local Government Comprehensive Planning Act of 1975.
-207-
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STATE: FLOBIDi
3.2.
3.2.1. atatua
Policy
Ground wtar oovtrtd under
general atate atatutci
Sp«oifie »Ut« aUtutta for
ground wtar
Policy In txiatanoa for
pr otto ting ground -wattr quality
Policy undtr dtvalopaant
CbMk
X
X
X
-203-
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
3.2.2. Development of Oround-ttater Policy
Yea X No _
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-Hater policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency /steering committee: Department of Environmental Regulation
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Florida has given statutory authority to direct, manage, and protect ground-water resources to the
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. The Department has created a ground-water program with a staff of
about 50 people. Most of the ground-water activities flow through this single point of responsibility. The state
developed a strategy in 1982 with the goal of preventing, reducing, mitigating or eliminating ground-water
pollution by current or potential contamination Induced directly or indirectly by man-made activities.
3.2.3. Qiaracterlstios of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes: Although Florida water law is still based upon the riparian-reasonable use doctrine, legislative action
during recent years has imposed modifications considered necessary for basic protection of the ground-water
resource.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.14.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
The state has established a classification system (four classes) that provides the highest protection
for "single source aquifers" and potable aquifers. This system allows discharge into low-quality aquifers that
are not expected to serve as a source of potable water.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3-2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3*2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
The standards are enforced through a permit program. Ground water is classified as permit applications
are submitted. Applicants are required to demonstrate that applicable standards will not be violated by their
facility.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The standards cover primary and secondary drinking water constituents, MCLs for eight other organics,
and natural background levels for other constituents (minimum criteria or "Free From").
-209-
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STATE: FLORIDA
3.3.' State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Regulation ,
Ground -Hater
Section
Department of
Environmental
Regulation ,
Solid and Hazardous
Haste Section*
Department of
Environmental
Regulation,
Drinking Hater
Section
Department of
Agriculture and
Consumer Services,
Division of
Inspection
Department of
Health and
Rehabilitative
Services
Regional Hater
Management Districts
Department of
Natural Resources
Ground-
Hater
Poll fly/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
TOC?
X
Xe
PHS»
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
SoU
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X
X
X
X
al)IC * Underground Injection Control.
bPHS x Public Hater System.
CPE » Pesticides Enforcement.
dAlao regulates state super fund (not a delegated program).
*State authority; however, EPA currently administers the UIC program for this class of well.
-210-
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STATE: FLORIDA
3.*. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy developnent
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Cheek if
applicable
Z
Z
Z
Z
Description of agreements
and Agencies
DEB and Mater Management Districts nave a cooperative working
agreement .
Hater Nanageaent Districts, USCS, EPA, and local programs work
with DEB on technical advisory committees.
USGS has cooperative working agreements with several state
agencies.
There are both formal and informal agreements and operating
procedures among the Divisions of the Department of
Environmental Regulation, the Field Districts of the Division of
Environmental Permitting, and the Regional Water Management
Districts. Regional Water Management Districts develop
cooperative arrangements with local governments; there are also
agreements among FDEB, FDNR, and USGS to exchange ground-water
data.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The USGS completed a set of maps for all aquifers. These maps
illustrate all major sources of ground-water supplies and show
locations of cities and communities in relation to the ground-
water sources. The mapa graphically define the structure of
Florida's aquifers and the dimensions of the top, base, and
thickness of each aquifer. Maps also state the aquifer quality,
drawn from a consolidation of historical water quality
reports. These maps illustrate some of the contaminants and
their relation to usable ground-water sources.
The Water Quality Assurance Act of 1983 funded and authorized
the establishment of a statewide Ambient Ground-Water Network, i
A plan is being developed for septic tanks; a study of 1
industrial surface Impoundment impacts on the Floridan,
Biscayne, and sand/gravel aquifers is also being developed. >
The Water Quality Monitoring Network la also designed to
locate sources of pollution and design monitoring networks j
to evaluate their impact on the various aquifers.
1
i
-211-
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STATE: FLORIDA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cbeok
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
Programs include the Surface Impoundment Assessment
and the Open Dump Inventory.
The Water Management Districts routinely monitor for
salt water Intrusion.
Extensive ground-water monitoring for EDB and temlk
is being conducted.
The Florida Water Quality Assurance Act of 1963 authorized
the Department of Environmental Regulation to improve and
expand a water quality database, including ground-water
quality. An extensive monitoring program is now being
developed .
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Oteck)
X
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
GTRS
GPSI
State
system —
STORE!
compatible
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
• — ^^^ Context
Approaches --^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
1
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
feter Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
XXX
X Xa
X X
Xb
aA special task force was formed to deal with ground-water pollution from EDB.
"The Department of Environmental Regulation has developed brochures, periodicals,
pamphlets, a slide show, and TV advertisements to publicize the ground-water program.
-212-
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STATE: FLORIDA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Progru Status
Federal
Prograa
Status of Progru Delegation
State Ispleaenting Agency
Obusual/Boteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Delegated for Classes I, III,
IV, and V Nells
Department of Environmental
Regulation, Ground-Water
Section
Construction of new hazardous
waste wells prohibited;
permitting program for certain
categories of Class V wells.
RCRA
Delegated
Interim authorizations,
Phase I, Phase II, A, B,
and C
Department of Environmental
Regulation, Solid and
Hazardous Waste Section
Program has banned land disposal
in certain areas based upon site
geohydrology and water use. The
legislature also banned under-
ground disposal of hazardous
waste.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Regulation, Drinking Water
Section
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services,
Division of Inspection
A small pesticide review section
has been established in DER. A
Pesticide Review Council is also
establishea which has members from
state agencies, academia, and
consulting firms.
-213-
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4.2. Omit Status
STATE: FLORIDA
Oruit
Clean Vater Act
Section 106
Clean Water Aot
Section 205CJ)
Clean Water Aot
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
RCRA
Section 3012
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
SDWA
Section M3(a)
FT 1985 Allocation
$1,530,300
($150,300 for
ground -water)
$825,770
($135,000 for
ground-water)
$3,303,000
$1,140,000;
potential for
additional
$171,100
$558,000
$200,100
$260,600
$97^,800
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Equipment and auppliea for the •onitoriiig network,
data Management, and ground-water pollution aite
Investigation.
Studies on ground-water pollution fro* abandoned
landfills and open dumps; Volusia County Aquifer
study; and Cade County pesticides study.
None for ground-water activities.
Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
and lab expenses: $177,500
Permitting: $222,500
Total budget related to ground-water contamination
from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
None for ground-water activities.
Monitoring and data review.
-214-
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STATB: FLORIDA
5. STATB-ORIGHATED GBOOID-VATBB PBOTBCTIOi PBOGBAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The ultimate goal of the ground-water strategy in Florida is to prevent, reduce, or eliminate
ground-water pollution by current and potential contamination induced directly or indirectly by man-made
activities. More specific objectives include: (1) the establishment and operation of a statewide ground-water
monitoring network; (2) continuation and Improvement of the permitting program designed to regulate discharges to
ground water, including the ground-water classification system; (3) the continuation and Improvement of the
various ground-water protection/hazardous waste control programs; (4) the development of a system designed to
better locate sources of pollution through property tax rolls; (5) the upgrading of training activities in field
investigation, ground-water contamination modeling, and data management and analysis; (6) development of a
•echanism to better control and regulate the Impact of nonpolnt source pollution on the ground water; (7)
technical assistance in matters which Impact ground water; (8) clean-up of polluted aquifers; (9) public education
on ground-water issues; and (10) ground-water research.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
(Including data management)
Description: The state has developed two computer systems: one for inventorying the pollution sources and the
other for ground-water testing and reporting. When operational, these systems will contain data on aquifer
characteristics, boundaries, and monitored contaminants. A part of this effort will be to determine the best
locations for ground-water monitoring wells for a monitoring network. Earlier studies located 1,800 wells that
could be used in the network, but additional wells may have to be drilled where no suitable wells exist.
F¥ 1984 Funding: Unavailable
Funding Source: General revenue
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Improvement and expansion of the water quality database, Including ground water, was authorized by
the Water Quality Assurance (WQA) Act of 1983.
F¥ 1984 Funding: 41.7 million
Funding Source: General revenue
5.*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The WQA Act established the Florida Pesticide Review Council which, in conjunction with the Florida
Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) and the state Department of Agriculture, is monitoring drinking
water veils for EDB and temik (aldicarb), and taking corrective action for EDB-contaminated sites.
F? 1964 Funding: *5-*6 million
Funding Source: VQA Act 1963 fund
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ST1TB: FLORIDA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The state is attempting to pass additional ground-water legislation to strengthen and extend
existing statutes and rules, such as laws to regulate gasoline storage and to designate a specific authority for
regulating pesticide use. In addition, FDER has a permitting program for the control of discharges to ground
water.
FT 1984 Funding: Unavailable
Funding Source: General revenue
5.6. Septlo Mmnacement Program
Description: The Department of Health and Rehabilitation Services administers the septic tank/individual waste
treatment system program.
FY 1984 Funding: Unspecified for this category at this time.
Funding Source: General revenue
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: An underground storage tank rule has been developed.
FY 1964 Funding: Unavailable
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: A state clean-up fund was provided under the Water Quality Assurance Act. A hazardous waste clean-
up and a pesticide contamination remedial action trust fund have also been established.
FY 1961 Funding: 412.0 million
Funding Source: Taxation on chemical industry, fines imposed on polluters, and general revenue.
5.9. Other
-216-
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arm OROCTP-WATIR PROGRAM SOMMART
STATE: OBOROXA
1. UTOBB OP THE QBOUIIMttTBR BESOORCB
1.1* Osologie and Bydrologie CtermotcriBtlos. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiaaivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Chartoteriatloa
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
legion/Province B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Valley and Ridge
Peroeot of state covered
by thla prorijio* (eatlaated)
60%
OteODflaed Aqulfer(a)
Region is underlain by
sand-and-gravel aquifers.
Local alluvial aquifers
also are present.
Region is underlain by
crystalline (mainly
Igneous and metanorphic)
rocks with ground water
occurring in fractured
and weathered zones.
High angle fractures
"pinch-out" with depth.
Trananiasive horizontal
fracturea may occur at
depths. Local alluvial
aquifers also are
present.
Region is underlain by
faulted and folded
sedimentary rocks. The
major aquifers are
carbonate rocks.
Confined AquifaKa)
From oldest to youngest
the confined aquifer
systems are: (1)
Lower Cretaceous; (2)
Cretaceous; (3) Clayton;
(4) Claiborne; (5)
Principal Artesian
(Floridan); (6) Miocene;
and (7) Miocene to recent.
Each of the above is
generally unoonflned in
outcrop or recharge area
and becomes progressively
confined downdip. Downdip
portions of the aquifer
may be saline.
None, or very rare.
Where overlain by shales,
downdip carbonate rocks
and sandstones may be
confined.
(Continued)
-217-
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STATE: GEORGIA
1. UTORB OF THE GROOID-VATBB BBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologle Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologleal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlsslvlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTlaee P:
Cumberland Plateau
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Blue Ridge
Physiographic
Region/Province P:
Percent of state covered
by this proTlnce (eetiuted)
iflned Aqulfer(s)
Region is underlain by
slightly tilted sedi-
mentary rocks. The
major aquifers are
carbonate rocks. Local
alluvial aquifers also
are present.
Region is underlain by
crystalline rocks, with
ground•water occurring
in fractured and
weathered zones. Local
alluvial aquifers also
are present.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Where overlain by shales,
downdlp carbonate rocks
may be confined.
None, or very rare.
-218-
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STATE: OKOBOU
1.2. Primary OMS of
Mater ma Percent of Total Usage (1960)
DM
Public Water Systems
(including »unlclpal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural8
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total S Ground Water
around Hater of Total Water
19.8 29.6
31.3 18.5
32.5 65.1
13.4 93.1
100.0
Irrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drlaklog Mater for Tear 1960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
31.6> 16> 17.6)1
2,609,000
-219-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
2.1. Sources (Cbeok mmjor aoureea of
2 * nazt aoat aerioua, eto.)
itulnatlan and rank top four —1s moat aerioua,
Source Cbeok lank
Septic tanka X 1
Municipal landfills
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments Xs 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cbeok lank
Injection wells X°
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X 1
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X ?.
Road salting
aDisposal of industrial wastes in sink holes and other unregulated pits,
ponds, and lagoons is a potential threat to shallow aquifers.
''State has not approved deep-well injection of wastes. Aquifers are
vulnerable to this practice.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
X
±
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)
-220-
-------
ST1TE: GEORGIA
3. STATE CSOOID-WATEB MAIAGEMEXT STIUCTUHR
3.1. SUte Statutes P«rUloli« to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute lame/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Quality Control Act, including
Safe Drinking Water amendments
Requires that state waters be utilized
prudently to the maximum benefit of the
people in order to restore and maintain
a reasonable degree of purity.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Water Quality Control Act, including
Safe Drinking Water amendments
See previous description.
Solid waste
Solid Waste Management Act
Establishes authority for control of
potential ground-water pollution by
solid wastes.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management Act
Establishes authority for control of
potential ground-water pollution by
hazardous wastes.
Mining
Surface Mining Act
Provides a statutory basis for protection
of ground water from mining operations.
Surface coal mining is excluded.
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas and Deep Drilling Act
Provides protection of ground-water from
oil and gas operations.
Other (specify):
General environmental
resources
Radioactivity
Salt water intrusion
and ground-water
management
Executive Reorganization Act
of 1972
Radiation Control Act
Ground-Water Use Act of 1972
Provides an integrated system for
"one-step" permitting and standard-
setting! including administration of
EPA-delegated program functions.
Establishes authority for control of
ground-water pollution by radioactive
wastes.
Provides for protection of ground water
from salt water intrusion. Authorizes
permitting system for ground-water
withdrawal of 100,000 GPD or more.
Agricultural users must report ground-
water use.
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-221-
-------
STATE: OBOBGIA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Za there a ground-Hater policy or strategy development process? Yea X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In 1984 the state developed a comprehensive management plan for ground water. This plan is now being
implemented- with state and Federal funds (106 grant).
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Current state position still reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.11.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
Note: The state considers ground-water classification to be technically unsound in Georgia. The state, however,
does distinguish water quality characteristics, such as fresh vs. saline, for different aquifer systems.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-222-
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STATE: GEORGIA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Environmental
Protection Division
Department of
Agriculture ,
Pesticides Division
Georgia
Transportation
Department
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Frogru
RCRA
Z
OI(*
X
wsb
X
PB°
X
X
Other
bate
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping,
•to.
X
Ground-
Mater
Quality
X
Soil
Couer-
vation
X«
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
Other
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Regulated under the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Act.
-223-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
3.«. Xater-Ageaoy
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-Mater discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cheek if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agenolea
Cooperative agreement between state Environmental Protection
Division, Water Protection and Geologic Survey Branch, and USGS;
cooperative work between USGS and other state agencies on
request.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource ASM;
t Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
UIC Program: The state estimates that about $677.000 ($162.000
in state funds and $515,000 in Federal funds) was spent on the
aquifer designation program for fiscal years 1961-1983. Through
a UIC grant, Georgia identified and mapped a number of major
aquifer systems, as well as other formations, producing 65
maps. For each aquifer, several categories of maps and diagrams
have been prepared, including structure contour maps indicating
the elevations of the top and the base of each aquifer, water
quality maps showing concentrations of total dissolved solids or
sodium chloride, geologic cross sections, and miscellaneous maps
showing current flow conditions and other data relevant to an
assessment of the state's aquifers.
State Programs: Between 1978 and 1981 f the state performed
extensive ground-water studies aa part of Its Accelerated
Ground-Water Program. This program involved napping aquifers
throughout the state (but primarily in the Coastal Plain).
Twenty-three publications were proposed. State funding was
about $2,058,500 with an additional $1,193,500 made available
from USGS as part of a joint funding agreement.
The Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network monitors 125 wells
for water quality and quantity.
-224-
-------
STATE: OROROZA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste altea
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Ground-inter monitoring Is performed at selected
sanitary landfills as well as at Bunlclpal and
industrial waste water land treatment operations.
Thirty-four facilities that store or handle
hazardous waste have ground -water Monitoring.
A salt water intrusion monitoring program la
operative in the Savannah /Brunswick Region.
Pesticide monitoring is performed from time to
time in southwest Georgia.
During fiscal years 1961-1983, the state spent about
$650,000 (consisting of $430,000 in state funds and
$220,000 In Federal funds) for monitoring and
collecting ground-water quality data on over 2,500
public ground-water systems. The state is developing
a program to monitor additional substances not now
monitored under the act to evaluate the area's
vulnerability to various types of contamination due
to its industries and activities. The state will
then monitor for potential contamination related
to that activity. To date, the state has completed
drilling 73 monitoring wells in the central and
southwestern regions of the state. Drilling of
monitoring wells in the coastal region is currently
under way. After fiscal year 1985, Georgia plans
to have about 125 water quality monitoring wells
In service, in addition to the over 2,500 public
water systems from which they currently collect data.
Limited site monitoring under EPA-delegated programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
" "-—-^^^ Context
Approaches ~~"-- ^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local official!
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Mter Permit Adoption, water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Otter
X« X X
X«
X«
X* X X
X X
aAs part of the U.S. Army Corps of Englneers/state/munlclpallty water management plans.
-225-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
*. STATE IMPLB«1ITATIO» OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOM) HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Progru
Status of Program Delegation
State ImploMBtiag Agency
Onuaual/Botevorthy
Program Characteristics
Primary for all classes
of Mils
Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental
Protection Division,
Geological Survey Branch
State discourages construction
of Type I Nells.
RCRA
Phase I, Phase II, A, B, C
of Interim Authority
Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental
Protection Division,
Land Protection Branch
PWS
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental
Protection Division,
Water Protection Branch
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Pesticides Division
-226-
-------
.2. Grant Status
STATE: OBOBGIA
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Utter
ProJeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$1,876,000
($176,000
for ground-water)
Strengthen and accelerate implementation of the Ground-
Water Management Plan by providing funda for collection
of monitoring data, data management, resource/
contamination aource Investigations, and public
education.
Clean Water Act
$1113,620
None uaed for ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,651,000
None used for ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,080,100 Ground-water monitoring inspection, reports review, and
lab expenses: $69,BOO
Permitting: $321,000
UIC
$61,000
Total budget related to ground water.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$173,700
None used for ground-water activities.
SDWA
Section 11l3(a)
$572,200
Monitoring and data review: $201,000
-227-
-------
STATE: (BORGIA
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROOEV-HATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-Mater quality standards and classification)
Description: The state plan has three principal elements: protection of ground-water quality, Management of
ground-water quantity, and monitoring. Protection involves prevention through environmental permitting, detection
and mitigation of existing problems, development of protective standards where permits are not required, and
public education.
FY 1984 Funding: Not funded in FT 1984.
Funding Source: State and EPA
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: State is expanding a network of monitoring wells, as discussed in Section 3.6.
FY 1984 Funding: $89,400 (state) plus $89,400 (USCS)
Funding Source: State and USGS
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Extensive Investigations have been and are being conducted, as discussed In Section 3.5.
FY 1984 Funding: $352,000 (state) plus $237,000 (USGS)
Funding Source: State and USGS
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-228-
-------
STATE: OBOBGXA
5.5. Permits/Control of DlsohargM to Oround Hater
Description: Aa part of ground-Hater policy, the state will protect all freshwater ground water for future use
through its permit approval program. The EPD baa a source control program for solid and hazardous waste, land
disposal/application of non-hazardous waste, mining waste, and underground injection wells.
FT 1984 Funding: $1,889,000
Funding Source: State and EPA
5.6. Septic Manageaent Prograai
Description: The septic tank regulatory program is administered by the Department of Human Resources. Septic
system wells, however, are part of the 01C program.
FT. 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: EPD maintains an Emergency Response Team to handle all contamination responses.
FT 1981 Funding: Not separated out in budget.
Funding Source: State and EPA
5.9. Other
-229-
-------
STATE 080PTO-WATER PROGRAM S01»URT
STATE: EBIITOCn
1. MATURE OF THE ORO01D-WATER IBSODBCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Charaoterlatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamlsalvlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Central Plain
(Jackaon Purchase)
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Valley and Ridge
(Eastern Coal Field)
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
(Coastal Plain,
Nlssisslpplan Plateau,
Western Coal Fields,
Bluegraas)
Percent of state covered
by this proTlaoe (estimated)
30$
62%
Oteooflned Aqulfer(s)
Aquifers consist gen-
erally of sand. The
Tertiary and Cretaceous
aquifers are good
sources of water.
Aquifers consist gen-
erally of sandstone.
These Pennsylvania
sandstone aquifers
supply water mostly
for domestic and
stock use.
Aquifers consist gen-
erally of sandstone in
the Western Coal Fields,
and limestone in the
Bluegrass and
Mlssiaslpplan Plateau.
The Pennsylvania sand-
stone aquifers supply
water mostly for domestic
and stock use. The lime-
stones present typical
karstic characteristics
and supply water for
several small towns and
domestic supplies.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: Other aquifers consist of the glacial outwash material of sand and gravel in the alluvium along the
northernmost rivers.
-230-
-------
STATE: tKITOCCT
1.2. Primary Oa*a of Ground Water u Percent of Total Oa*ge
0~
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total
around Hater
18.9
56.4
0.1
22.6
100
% Ground Water
of Total Hater
13.2
41.0
4.1
90.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water Domestic
Systems Wells Total
22.5*
827,000
-231-
-------
STATI: BROCKT
2.1. Sources (Cteok •mjor sources of oootajdaatlon
2 • nzt most serious, etc.)
rank top four —
MTloua,
Source Cbeok tank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Coal Mining X
Source Check tank
Injection wells X*
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X*>
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
•Oil and gas brines are a potential threat to aquifers by upward migration
in abandoned and Improperly plugged wells.
bfiurial of low-level nuclear wastes at Maxey Flats; several sites In
Kentucky on the EPA National Priority List.
Notes: Most widespread ground-water problems are associated with coal
mining, domestic and industrial disposal practices in moat areas of the
state, and inadequate control of wells in the complex aquifer system of the
Mlasisslpplan plateau.
2.2. Contaadnating SubaUnoea
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-232-
-------
STATE: KDTQCKT
3. STaW OBODVO-HATKR N&MOBNRMT STOTCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Orouad-Vater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute laae/Vo.
Kentucky Revised Statutes
Z24.005-224.135
Description of authority Pertaining
to Oround-Uater Protection
Under these statutes, most of the state
regulatory authorities relating to ground
water were organized under the Kentucky
Natural Resources and Environmental Pro-
tection Cabinet.
Motes:
3.2. State Crouad-Vater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-233-
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STATE: KENTUCCT
3.2.2. Development of Orouad-tater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X Ho
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering coonittee: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Between 1980-1984, the state conducted numerous projects which identified existing ground-water
problems, issues, and needs. In November 1981, the Kentucky Water Management Plan was released. It called for
the development of a clear and workable ground-water policy. With the assistance of 106 and 205(J) grant funds,
the state will develop a ground-water policy and a ground-water protection program.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: Current state position reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. Now are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
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STATE: BUTPCCT
3.3. State Agency laaponalbllitlae for Ground-Miter rroteotloo
Responsible
State
Agency
Department for
Environmental
Protection
Department of
Agriculture ,
Division of
Pesticides
Kentucky Geological
Survey, University
of Kentucky
Department for
Surface Mining
Reclamation and
Enforcement
Department of
Health Survices
Department for
Mines and Minerals
Ground-
Vater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
me*
FBb
X
FB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
•to.
X
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
X
X
X
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS s Public Hater System.
CPE c Pesticides Enforcement.
-235-
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ST4TE:
3.4. Inter-Ageocy
ta
Topless
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
(took if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreeawata
and Agencies
The Kentucky Geological Survey maintains cooperative working
agreements with USGS.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The Kentucky Geological Survey identified and delineated
USDWs under a contract with EPA. Local studies of aquifers
were conducted under the Section 208 program.
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STATE: BMTDCR
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types or Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
Brief Description of Moaitorljqg Program
Kentucky Geological Survey does some monitoring in
cooperation with USGS.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
"- — ^^^ Context
Approaches " "-— -»^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- legulatlon Ground -
HtUr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
X
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STATE: EENTOCn
*,. STATE IMPUBMEITATlOi Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROUID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Oousual/Votevorthy
Prograa Characteristics
Mot delegated
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I, II,
A, B, C
Department for Environmental Veil developed field office system
Protection, Division of Waste directly controlled from central
Management office.
PUS
Delegated
Department for Environmental
Protection
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Division of Pesticides
-238-
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STATE: KBNTOCKT
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (j)
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
SDWA
Section mj(a)
n 1985 Allocation
$892,800
($102,800 for
ground -water)
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Develop a state ground-water program; develop
management strategies and coordination procedures;
compile a database; and develop educational
programs .
1311,350
($K6,825 for
ground-water)
$1,215,000
$596,800;
potential for
additional
$99,500
$186,900
$171,900
$331,900
None for ground-water activities.
Ground -water monitoring inspections, reports review,
lab expenses, and permitting.
Program implemented by EPA.
None for ground-water activities.
Monitoring and data review.
-239-
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STAT1: IMTDCCI
5. STATB-OBIGIUTED GBOUBD-VATBB PBOTBCTXOB PBOGBAMS
5.1. Ground-tater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Policy development has included assessment of existing laws, regulations, anil policies; profile of
state agency activities impacting ground water; an inventory of injection wells; identification and delineation of
those aquifers* which would serve as potential drinking water sources; and development of options. The results of
these efforts were published in the Kentucky Water Management Plan dated November 19811.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Kentucky maintains a monitoring well network for measurement of ground-water quality and hydrologic
parameters.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-240-
-------
MATS I kutOCKT
5.5. Fwita/Ooatrol of Discharge* to Ground Hater
Descriptioni State Maintains • source control prograa for awny tjrpta of facilities and activities tfcioh i>oprt»rat
• potwtiil thrMt to ground mtw. Itntuoky MinUini • state regulatory program for Mild and buardoua wait*
dispoaal on landi land spreading of swage, swage sludge and other waste, Mining( and surfaoa iipoundaants.
n I960 Fundingt
Funding Source t
5*6. aaptlo Jfcimsasnt Frograsi
Description« Progru exists for septic tank control.
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank FrograM
Description:
FJ 1984 Funding!
Funding Source:
5.8. Oontasdnation Respoase Frograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-241-
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STATB GROTTO-WATER PROGRAM STOMART
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
1. BATORE OP THE GROOBD-VATBR IBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Hjrdrolcaio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(i.e. fomatlons, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transatlssivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
CbWfccterlstlcs
Physiographic
Reglon/Provlaee A:
Gulf Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTince B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
OneoDflaed Aquifer(a)
Extensive lowland over-
lies unconsolidated
sand, gravel, clay,
silt, marl, and lime-
stone. Alluvial valleys
also exist. The Coastal
Plain Cretaceous and
Tertiary strata dip
generally southward into
the embayment. All
Coastal Plain formations,
except the Cretaceous
chalk strata of the Selma
group and the Tertiary
Porters Creek clay, In-
clude water-bearing beds,
mostly sand and gravel,
but also some limestone.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The dip of the sediments
and alteration of sand
and clay beds cause
artesian conditions which
exist, except in outcrop
areas, in all the
Cretaceous and Tertiary
sands and in some
Quaternary sands.
-242-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
1.2. Primary O»M of Ground Mater n Percent of Total Oaag*
0*0
Public Vater Systems
(including Municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % around Water
Ground Vater of Total Water
15.0 66.1
30.2 29.9
52.6 61.8
2.0 71.1
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
83. 6»
2,092,500
Domestic
Wells
8.0$
200,000
Total
91.6$
2,292,500
-243-
-------
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
2.1. Sources (Cheek Bajor aouroea of
2 • next aoat aerioua, etc.)
Btion and rude top four — 1 « Boat aerioua,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X
On-slte industrial Xb
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 4
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits Xs 1
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Source Check Bank
Injection wells X* 3
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify)
•Oil and gas production activities are the most significant water quality
issue in the state.
^Unregulated industrial waste disposal sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
X
xa
X
Radioactive material _____
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aSaline contamination of aquifers exists
near the coast and in the southern portion
of the state.
-244-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
3. STATE GBOOBD-VATBI MABAGEHEIT 3THOCTOBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Mane/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control
Air and Water Pollution Control
Act of 1966
Established general pollution control
authority and created the Air and Water
Water Pollution Control Commission.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Law of 1974
Established general regulatory authority
for solid waste disposal.
Hazardous waste
Solid Waste Disposal Law of 1970
Established general regulatory authority
for hazardous waste disposal.
Mining
Oil and gas
Section 53-1-1 et al.. and Section
53-3-1 et al.. Mississippi Code 19"»2
Established a regulatory program for
proper disposal of oil and gas waste.
Other (specify);
Surface Water Appropriation Act
of 1956
Ground-Water Management Act
of 1976
Established the appropriation doctrine
as water law.
Established the program of "capacity use
areas" with permitting procedures.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-245-
-------
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources
Yes . X No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (later-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Efforts to develop a state ground-water strategy were suspended in 1962 in anticipation of action by the
state legislature. The 1983 Mississippi State Legislature authorized establishment of a Hater Management Council
to review the water resources and the existing institutional, management, and regulatory arrangements of the
state, and to report and make recommendations for action to the state legislature by January 1965. The state has
proposed a strategy and ground-water protection program in PY 1985 with the support of Federal funds under the 106
grant.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Cbeok
Notes: The state has adopted the appropriation doctrine of water law with authority to designate "capacity use
areas."
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguiahing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yes,
3.2.4.2. If yea, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-246-
-------
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Pollution
Control
Department of
Natural Resources
Board of Health
Department of
Agriculture and
Commerce, Division
of Plant Industry
Oil and Gas Board
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Land and
Water Resources
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Geology
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Progru
RCRA
X
01 C*
X
PW3b
X
P8C
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Hipping,
•tc.
X
X
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
X
X
8UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPHS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
-247-
-------
Kxssxuxm
3.4. Xater-Ageaey Agre*s*oU
Topios
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination inoidtnti
Geological survey
Other (•ptoify):
Review of utter resources
Cteok if
Applicable
X
X
Description of asjr*MMta
•ad Agencies
The Bureau of Geology in the Mississippi Department of Natural
Resources has continuing working agreements with the USGS.
Under authority of legislation passed in 1983, the Governor
appointed the Mississippi Water Kanageaent Council to review
water resources, and the state 'a institutional arrangements
water management and regulation. The council will report to
state legislature by January 198$.
for
the
3.9. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Cteok if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
USOWa have been mapped and numerous studios have been and are
being undertaken by the Department of Natural Resources,
including studies defining the effect of brine disposal on the
state's aquifers.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
A surface Impoundment assessment has been completed under
the authority of RCRA. The state proposed during FY 1965 to
conduct an assessment of several types of waste sites, Including
impoundments, landfills, and injection wells.
Other (specify)
-248-
-------
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
3.6. State Ground-Hater Hanitorlns Progreji
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste ait«s
Haiardoua Mate sites
Salt water
Paatloldea
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cheek
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
A statewide network of 300 well* in 20 freah water
aquifers .
Maoltorli«
Beta
CoefMterlxed
(Gteok)
•a»e of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Prograea for Public Participation
^--^^^ Context
Approaches -^^.^^
Public hearings , meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Nrter Permit Adoption, Mater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
-249-
-------
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT CROWD WATER
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Pragma
Status of Pragma Delegation
State lapleaantiitt Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Pragma Characteristics
OIC
Delegated for Classes I, III,
IV, and V wells
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Pollution Control
The state requires a pre-
appllcatlon feasibility analysis
which oust address all available
options to underground injection.
RCRA
Delegated, full authority
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Pollution Control
Mississippi's is the second
state program in the nation to
obtain full authority.
PKS
Delegated
Board of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
and Commerce, Division of
Plant Industry
-250-
-------
STATS: MISSISSIPPI
Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$903t700 Develop a strategy and ground-water protection
($103(700 for program, a regulatory program for unregulated sources,
ground-water) routine coordinated pollution incident investigative
procedures, and an assessment of potential sources of
contamination.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$220,110
None for ground water.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$862,000
None for ground water.
RCRA
Section 3011
$380,600;
potential for
additional
$51,900
Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
lab expenses, and permitting.
UIC
$136,tOO
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$115,700
None for ground water.
SDWA
Section
$136,100
Monitoring and data review.
-251-
-------
STATE: HXSSISSIPPI
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Strategy objectives Include development of: a program for the protection of ground water;
coordination procedures for state agencies; ground-water Investigative procedures; an inventory of existing
programs and technical activities of the state, including monitoring activities; and an inventory of known
potential sources of ground-water contamination.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: State network operations began in FY 1984. Samples are collected for water quality analysis on an
annual basis. Data are not computerized.
FY 1984 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: Federal and state (UIC grant)
5.3- Ground-Water Resource Aaaeaaaeot/Aquifer Study/Happing
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 196^ Funding:
Funding Source:
-252-
-------
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: Mississippi maintains a atate regulatory program for solid and hazardous waste disposal on land, and
underground Injection of waste.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The septic tank regulatory program is administered by the state Board of Health.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Mississippi has an emergency clean-up fund, but it is usually inadequate for major clean-
up problems.
Fy 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-253-
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STATE OROOTD-WATBR PROGRAM SDMMABI
ST4TK: IOBTB CAROLIIA
1. IATDBE OP THE GBOOBV-VATBB BESOOBCB
1.1.
Geologic and Bjdrologlo Owracterlatiefl. Describe general geological and hydrologioa.'L characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiaslvity, aquifer Intoroonnection, extent
of contamination).
Gtaraoterlatioa
Physiographic
Bagioo/Prorinoe A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Begion/ProTlaoe C:
Blue Ridge
Percent of atate oorered
by this prorlnoe (estimated)
Approximately 50%
35%
Dnoonfinod Aquifer (a)
This region's ground water
lies in sand-and gravel
aquifers. The major
Coastal Plain aquifers
include (from shallowest
to deepest, respectively)
the unconfined aquifer
unit. For the most part
the Pungo River is an
aquitard unit.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in the bedrock,
in discontinuous sand
lenses within weathered
bedrock, and in alluvial
deposits.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in the bedrock,
in discontinuous sand
lenses within weathered
bedrock, and in alluvial
deposits.
Confined Aquifer(a)
The Tertiary sand aquifer
system, Tertiary limestone
aquifer system (Castle
Hayne limestone) and
Cretaceous sand aquifer
systems comprise the
confined aquifers in the
Coastal Plain.
-254-
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STATE: BOHTH CAROLIIA
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Water ma Parent of Total Oaage
DM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % around Water
Ground Water of Total Water
17.5 12.3
30.1 2.5
9-8 29.5
42.6 96.8
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water Domestic
Systems Wells Total
32. 2*
1,890,900
-255-
-------
nms
ttlon tut rank top four — 1
SOUTO. OK* Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfill* X 3
On-alte industrial X 3
landfill* (axoludiog
pita, lagoona, aurfaoe
lapoundawnta)
Other landfilla
Surface IspoundiMnta X* 2
(axoludlac oil and
faa brine pita)
Oil and caa brine pita
Underground atorage X 1
tanks
Other (apeoify):
Baxardoua mate X 1
•aterial apilla
(PCBa)
Source Cheek Rank
Injection nella
Abandoned hazardous
Maate sites
Regulated hazardous
waste altes
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/
treataent
Agricultural
Road salting
"Disposal of Industrial mates in unregulated pits, ponds, and lagoons.
.2. Oontaadnatlag Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-256-
-------
ITATI: M1TB CAMOLXIA
3. STATE QBOOMD-HAni MAIAaSMOrT STIDCT01X
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to
-------
STATE: NORTH CAROLINA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Division of Environmental Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
North Carolina has an established ground-water protection program, and has set standards and classified
ground waters of the state. The goals of this program are: (1) pollution prevention; (2) pollution response; and
(3) resource management. To prevent pollution of the ground waters, conditions are written into permits
restricting any activity which may result in standards violations. Compliance with permit conditions is
monitored, and the state has an aggressive public information program actively promoting the concept of "pollution
prevention pays.* Initial steps are also being taken to develop an underground storage tank registration
program. To respond to incidents of actual and potential ground-water contamination, an incident management
program has been Initiated. Under this program all potential sources of ground-water pollution have been
identified, and a system set up for source assessment, discovery and emergency response to new sources, remedial
action where necessary, and reclassificatlon of ground waters where restoration Is infeaslble,,
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Current ground-water management reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.11. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Fresh ground water used as the primary source of drinking water (GA); brackish waters at depths greater
than 20 feet that recharge surface and ground water (GSA); fresh water at depths leas than 20 feet that recharge
surface and ground water (GB); brackish waters at less than 20 feet (GSB); contaminated water technically or
economically Infeasible for upgrading to a higher class (GC).
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-258-
-------
STATS: MOUTH CAROLINA
3.3. State Agency Beaponslbllltlea for Ground-Mater Protection
Reaponalble
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources
and Community
Development ,
Division of
Environmental
Management
Department of Human
Resources ,
Division of
Health Services,
Environmental Health
Section"
Department of
Agriculture ,
Pesticide and Plant
Protection Division
Department of
Natural Resources
and Community
Development, Land
Resources Division
Department of
Administration
State Geological
Survey
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
01 C*
X
PWSb
X
!
PEC
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
1
'•
Ground -
Water
Quality
X
1
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
fioad
De-lclng
Other
X
X
X
X
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS r Public Water System.
°PE s Pesticides Enforcement.
Also handles state superfund (not a delegated program).
-259-
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STATE: BOBTB CABOLIIA
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Implementation
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreewtnts
and Agencies
The Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
and the Department of Human Resources review procedures
applicable to the management of solid and hazardous waste.
Protocol under development defines appropriate procedures for
the Department of Natural Resources and Human Development and
the Department of Human Resources personnel.
USGS maintains cooperative working agreements with several
divisions of the state Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development, as well as other state agencies, upon
request and availability of funds.
Some formal and informal agreements exist among departments of
state government; most such agreements are for implementation
of provisions of the enabling legislation.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
USDWs have been mapped; a detailed assessment of ground-water
resources has been completed
Ambient ground-water quality
A continuous program of data collection utilizing an ambient
monitoring network and sampling in selected areas.
Assessment at waste sites
All known potential pollution sites have been inventoried.
Other (specify)
-260-
-------
STATE: WITH CiBOLUA
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitor-lie
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous Haste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
All solid waste landfills monitored by the Department
of Human Resources, WWTP lagoons, and land
application systems are required to submit results of
self -monitoring .
PCB landfill monitoring by the Department of Human
Resources .
Research stations (wells) have been strategically
placed to determine the shape of the salt water
intrusion. A network of monitoring wells has been
installed around areas of industrial pumping to
identify salt water encroachment along the coastal
plain.
Limited monitoring for the presence of Aldicarb
and EDB.
A coastal plain monitoring network has been
established .
Monitoring associated with the Implementation of
EPA -de legated program functions.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^""""•^-^.^^ Context
Approaches ^""~>— — ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Industry committees
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
«kt«r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X
X X
Xa
Industry committees are consulted in program development activities.
-261-
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STATE: WITH CAROLIBA
». STATE IlffLBMBMTATIM OP RDBBAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT CROWD V1TER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Procrui
Status of Program Delegation
State XsnleMOtlag Agency
Oouaual/Motevorthy
Gtaraoterlatloa
OIC
Delegated for all olaaaes
Oepartmnt of Natural
Resources and Community
Developnent,
Division of Environmental
Management
State prohibits injection except
for Class V heat pump wells;
permitting for certain categories
of Class V wells.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I, Phase II, A, B, C
Interim Authority
Department of Human Re-
sources, Division of Health
Services, Environmental
Health Section, Solid and
Hazardous Waste Manage-
ment Branch
PWS
Delegated
Department of Human
Resources, Division of
Health Services
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Pesticide and Plant
Protection Division
-262-
-------
STATE: IOBTH CAIOLXIA
4.2. Qrut Status
Grant
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (J)
i
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
PWS
SOWA 14X3 (a)
n 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJaota/Taaka and Budget
$2,189,300 Implement a pollution Incident management program;
($199,300 for develop monitoring capability; upgrade staff
ground-water) capabilities; coordinate data management efforts; and
Identify and remove legal and institutional barriers.
$1(41,510 None for ground-water activities.
$1,766,000 None for ground-water activities.
$1,165,800; Ground-water
potential for lab expenses
additional undetermined
$161,000
$65,500 Total budget
monitoring inspections reports review,
, and permitting. (FY 1985 allocation
.)
related to ground-water protection.
$183*700 None for ground-water activities.
$961,500 Monitoring and data review. (FY 1985 allocation
undetermined . )
-263-
-------
aim* Bom caBotxu
5. STATB-OttanUTRD OBOOID-1UTBI PBOTBCTXOB PBOOUMS
5.1. Oround-llater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Deaorlptloo: The atate baa developed a comprehensive ground-water program. The purpose of the program la to
develop, Implement, and execute a strategy for comprehensive management of ground-water quantity and quality In
the state. The program Includes the following elements: (1) implementation of water quality and use standards;
(2) classification of ground-water aquifers; (3) identification of ground-water contamination sites; (4) investi-
gation of and response to ground-water pollution incidents; (5) management of the state UZC Program; (6) issuance
of permits designed to prevent ground-water contamination; (7) monitoring of ground-water quality, quantity, and
uses; and (8) evaluation of the ground-water resource.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Bater Monitoring
Description: Division of Environmental Management staff in seven regional offices within th« state monitor
ground-water quality. Records are maintained and monitoring required at potential pollution sites. The ground-
water program also maintains its own drilling orew to investigate pollution incidents.
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-water Resource Aaaeamment/aqulfer Study/Mapping
Description: A detailed assessment of ground-water resources was completed as part of the state's effort to
develop a ground-water classification system.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-264-
-------
mrti mm CIIOUM
5.5. fanlts/CoBtPol of MaflhaitM to around Hater
DMorlptleni Tb« atata aaintaina • aouroa oontrol proem for my typea of faoilitiaa and aotivitiea which
repraaant • potential thrMt to ground watar. Theae inoude prograaa for regulation of solid and baaardous wait*
diapoaal on land; land aprMdiaf of wataMtcr and aludf* dlapoaali und«rcrouad injootloa of Mat* (all olaaata of
walla); mining Mat*; and watatmtar traatawnt lagoona.
FT 198* rmdlast
Funding Souroat
5.6. Saptio n«^f*-^»» Procraa
Oaaeription: Tna atatt baa a aaptlo tank ragulatory profraa.
FT 1984 Fundingt
Funding Souroa:
5.7* Bulk atoraca/Oadarffround Storaft Ink
Oaaeriptlont Tha atata ia davaloping an undarground atoraga tank unagaaant program.
n 1981 Funding:
Funding Souroa:
5.6. Contamination Raaponaa Frogru
(othar than RCRA/Suparfund)
Description: Tha Division of Bnvironnantal Managaoant and tha Division of Haalth Sarvicaa ataff (when
appropriate) raapond to contain pollutants, alloinata aouroa, plan raaadial action, and find alternative sources
of water supply.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-265-
-------
STATE CROOMD-WATER PROGRAM SDMMARI
STATE: SOOTH CAROLUA
1. MATURE OF THE GROOMD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrolcglc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Qbaracterlstlca
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Prorlnce B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Region/Province
Blue Ridge
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
66}
331
2J
Dnconflned Aquifer(s)
Ground water occurs in
sand-and-gravel aquifers.
Coastal Plain aquifers
Include (from shallowest
to deepest, respectively)
the Eocene Age aquifer
system, the Black Creek
aquifer system, the
Middendorf aquifer system,
and the Cape Fear
Formation. The water
table aquifer is
extensively utilized in
some rural areas.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in bedrock, in
discontinuous sand lenses
within weathered bedrock,
and in alluvial deposits.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in bedrock, in
discontinuous sand lenses
within weathered bedrock,
and In alluvial deposits.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The Black Creek/Pee Dee
and Middendorf aquifers
consist of confined
downdip. Tertiary
limestone Is pratically
the sole source in the
Low Country.
-266-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
1.2. Prlaary Dees of Ground Hmter ma Percent of Total Usage
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
* of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Water of Total Hater
31.0 22.4
25.0 1.0
7.H 31.5
33.6 88.5
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Vater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells
96| 96?
Total
60S
1,110,1400
-267-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
2.1. Sources (Qi«ok Major sources of contamination and rank top four
2 * next aost serious, etc.)
— Is Most serious.
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gaa brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X Z
tanks
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous Xa 1
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/ X 4
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Other (specify)
aToxic and hazardous waste from Department of Energy Savannah River nuclear
plant and at commercial landfill in Aiken County.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
X
X
x.__
_.
•^^~MM«»>
.
X
X
X
Other (specify)
-268-
-------
STATE: SOUTH CAROLINA
3. STATE GROOHD-HATER MAHAGEMEHT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertalnii« to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute HaMe/Vo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
South Carolina Pollution Control Act
Established Department of Health and
Environmental Control.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Act
Administered by Water Resources
Commission.
Other (specify):
Water use
Water Resource Planning and
Coordination Act of 1967
Water Use Reporting and
Coordination Act of 1982
Ground-water Use Act of 1969
These acts relate to water withdrawals.
Notes: State has probably the most fragmented water management administrative structure in Region IV.
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check3
X
Xb
X
aPolicy is inferred by currently proposed ground-water standards.
bQuantity only.
-269-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environmental Control
Yea
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
During FY 1982, the Department, in cooperation with EPA, worked towards the development of the strategy;
however, program emphasis was shifted towards UIC program authorization. The State Senate attempted but failed to
pass comprehensive ground-water legislation. However, the General Assembly did pass the Well Driller's
Certification Act and the Water Use Reporting and Coordination Act. The Senate also requested that the Department
prepare a report on ground-water contamination in South Carolina. The February 1983 report was submitted to the
General Assembly and Included recommended strategies to protect the state's ground water. A similar report will
be prepared annually. The state will develop a strategy and program during FY 1985. The supplemental 106 grant
will foster this effort.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes: The current state position reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine; however, the state has authority to
designate capacity use areas for ground water withdrawals.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground-water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
A classification system has been proposed In the revised water quality standards.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes No X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Standards have been proposed.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
State primary drinking water MCLs, as well as organics which are not allowed in concentrations which
would interefere with use, are covered.
-270-
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STATE] SOUTH CAIOLXIA
3.3. State Agency Reaponaibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Beaponslble
State
Agency
Department of Health
and Environmental
Control"
South Carolina
Geological Survey
South Carolina
Coaatal Council
Clemaon University,
Division of
Regulatory and
Public Service
Programs
South Carolina
Water Resources
Commission
South Carolina
Land Resources
Commission
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
PWSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion.
Aquifer
Mapping.
etc.
X
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
SoU
Conaer-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tiOD
froe
Road
De-icing
Other
X
X
X
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPUS = Public Water System.
CPE : Pesticides Enforcement.
dAlso handles state super fund (not a delegated program).
-271-
-------
8TAT.it SOOTH CAIOLXIA
Topics)
Prottotlon of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water diachargaa
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incident!
Geological survey
Other (specify) :
General water problems
Qwok If
Applicable
X
X
X
Oeaorlptloa of Agreeaanta
and Aceociea
The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control has a program; it also works in conjunction with the
Water Resources Commission on oil and gaa wells.
The Water Resources Commission has cooperative agreements with
USQS; USGS does cooperative work with other state agencies.
The Governor's State Water Law Review Cotmlttee did an in-depth
study of water problems in South Carolina. Committee
recommendations are now before the legislature, including some
relating to ground-water quality. The Governor aubsequently
appointed a Council on Natural Resources and Environment, which
ia further analysing the state* a water problems, including
quality problems aasociated with hazardous waate management.
The Council's report was due in November 1961.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource
Activities
activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Mapping of USOWs is complete, and is constantly being updated.
Ambient ground-water quality
Data are provided through public water supply systems which
utilize ground water; the data go into STORE!.
Assessment at waste sites
Assessment is coordinated through RCRA support activities;
water quality data are stored in STORE!.
Other (specify):
Water use
Ground-water data are being expanded and improved by a water use
reporting program.
-272-
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STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progrui
Case-by-case determination is established in permit or
compliance orders which are authorized by the Pollution
Control Act.
State requirements are the same as Federal requirements.
Some monitoring for salt water intrusion is done by
the Water Resources Commission.
PDW systems are monitored for MCLs by the South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control.
Public water supply ground-water systems are monitored
every three years.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
STORE!
STORET
HSIS
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~~-~^__^^ Context
Approaches ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
fcUr Permit Adoption, Water
lasues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X
X X
X8
aTo be accomplished under 106 supplemental grant.
-273-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
«. STATE IM>LEMUTATION OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GHOOMP HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Delegated, all classes
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Prohibition of the construction
of Class I wells; permitting
program for certain categories
of Class V wells.
RCRA
Delegated, Interim Authority
Phase I, II, A, B, and C
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Clemson University,
Division of Regulatory and
Public Service Programs
The South Carolina Department
of Health and Environmental
Control is involved when public
water supply wells or public
health is concerned.
-274-
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STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
4.2. Qrut Status
Grant
FT 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$1,116,200 Activities include: (1) policy statement with
($126,200 for objectives and goals for ground-water quality
ground-water) protection; (2) ground-water protection strategy
document; (3) proceedings of environmental hydrology
and geology symposium and brochure; (4) draft
regulations for land waste treatment/disposal
operations; (5) ground-water protection program
procedures manuals (as described in program
development section); (6) refinement of the
description of aquifers and recommended
classifications; (7) preparation of resource
assessment needs and priorities; (8) description
of database needs and projections; and (9)
description of modeling capabilities and needs.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$250,610
None for ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,002,000 Review of proposed land treatment/disposal system for
potential impact on ground water: $21,468.
RCRA
Section 3011
$604,200;
potential for
additional
$161,000
Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
lab expenses, and permitting: $93.542.
UIC
$59,300
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$109,000
None for ground-water activities.
SDWA
Section I443(a)
$418,600
Monitoring and data review.
-275-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
5. STATE-ORIGINATED QROOND-UATKR PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state strategy has three basic goals: the preservation of high-quality aquifers, maintenance of
drinking water standards, and prohibition of polluting activities within the critical recharge zones of high-
quality aquifers. Strategy objectives Include development of: procedures for classification of aquifers;
designation of high-quality aquifers; identification of critical recharge areas; and development of ground-water
quality standards.
FY 198*4 Funding: 476,763.64
Funding Source: State funds
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The Water Resources Commission does some monitoring for salt water intrusion. The South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control monitors public water supply systems, 96) of which have ground-
water sources.
FY 1981 Funding: $76,763.64
Funding Source: State funds
5,3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Happing
Description: The state is developing a comprehensive database on water resources, and is currently conducting an
intensive aquifer identification, delineation, and evaluation study. Baseline assessment of the ground-water
resource will continue during FY 1985. The information is being stored on STORE!.
FY 1981 Funding: $76,763.64
Funding Source: State funds
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-276-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The state maintains a source control program for many types of facilities and activities which
represent a potential threat to ground water. These Include programs for regulation of solid and hazardous waste
disposal on land, and surface impoundments.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: Almost entirely all Federally funded programs.
5.6. Septic Ifenagement Program
Description: The state has a septic tank regulatory program which is handled by sanitarians, with minimal input
from ground-water personnel.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Regulations have been proposed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: There is an emergency response team for oil and hazardous material spills, but it has no ground-
water personnel.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-277-
-------
arm enouin>-«m» MOQIUM SDMUIT
STATE: TENNESSEE
1. KATORK OF THE ORODID-VATBR BBSOVBCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Chareateriatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal obaracteriatica
(i.e. formations. rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmlsslvity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of
Cbftraoteriatios
Phyaiograpblo
K«giOB/ProvlMe it
Mississippi Eibayaent
Pbyaiograpblo
Beglon/ProTlnoe B:
Highland Rla
Phyalographio
•egion/ProTinoe C:
Central Basin
Peroeot of state oorered
by this prwlnoe (•stluted)
DkMonftiMd Aqulfer(s)
Region is underlain by
uneeaented sand, clay
and gravel.
Region is underlain pre-
dominantly by Jointed
limestone and some shale.
Includes karat areas.
Region is underlain by
jointed limestone and shale.
Some karat areas.
Confined Aquifer (a)
Aquifers of the Upper
Cretaceous period in the
Hlasisaipi Embayment
region include the Coffee
and MoNairy Sands aquifer
systems. The Wilcox and
Claiborne Formations,
lUOO-foot and 500-foot
sand aquifer systems
respectively, are from
the Eocene epoch of the
Tertiary period.
In the Central Basin, the
Upper IKnox Group is of the
Ordoviolan period.
(Continued;
-278-
-------
STATE: TBMMBSSBB
1. MATOBB OP THE GBOUBD-MATBB B8S00RCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and bydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Cumberland Plateau
Physiographic
Begion/ProTlaee E:
Valley and Ridge
Physiographic
Begion/Province P:
Smoky Mountains
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
ff mid
Aquifer(s)
Region is underlain by
Indurated and fractured
sedimentary rocks;
includes karat areas.
Region is underlain by
folded, faulted, and
fractured sedimentary
rocks; includes karat
areas.
Region is underlain by
fractured crystalline rocks
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: The aquifers of Western Tennessee are the most prolific with well yields measured in millions of gallons
per day in the "500-Foot" Sand Aquifer. The wells and springs of the karst areas of the Central Basin, Cumberland
Plateau, and Valley and Ridge provinces are probably the next highest with yields measured in hundreds of gallons
per minute.
The karst areas are probably the most vulnerable to ground-water pollution. These karst areas cover
approximately one-third of the state of Tennessee, thereby increasing the probability of ground-water
contamination.
-279-
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STATE: TURSSRB
1.2. Primary Ornea of Ground Hater aa Peroeat of Total Oaaca
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural*
Domestic /Rural
Other (specif/)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Mater of Total Hater
46.1 40.5
41.6 12.0
2.9 24.6
9.4 100
100.0
alncludes irrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1963
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
31.6»
1,450,000
Domestic
Hells
18.6$
870,000
Total
50. 2J
2,320,000
-280-
-------
sun > nmnssu
2.1. Souroea (Cheok mjor aouroea of
2 • nut «ost serious, ato.)
nation and nuok top four — 1 • Boat serious,
Souroo Cheek lank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-slte industrial X 3
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X 4
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Coal mining and X
mineral area
reclamation; Inade-
quately constructed
wells
Oouroe
Injection wells
Abandoned hatardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Qm)h ftunif
X
Z 1
X 2
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-281-
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STATE: TBMBSSBB
3. STATE OBOOBD-VATBB MAIAGEMBBT STIOCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Bun/Ho.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control
Tennessee Water Quality Control Act
T.C.A. Section 69-3-101 et aeq.
Ground-water focus is on protection of
public health.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Tennessee Water Quality Control Act
T.C.A. Section 69-3-101 et aeq.
Authority to classify ground water, set
standards and effluent limits. UIC
authority.
Solid waste
Solid Waste Management Act
T.C.A. Section 68-31
Provides for ground-water protection.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management Act
T.C.A. 68-46
Provides for ground-water protection.
Mining
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas
T.C.A. Section 60-1-101 et seq.
Provides for ground-water protection.
Other (specify):
Water use
Well drilling
1963 legislation
Water Use Registration Act
Water Well Drillers Act
Consolidated water management functions
of Department of Health and Environment.
Registration of ground-water users
withdrawing 50,000 gpd or more.
Provides authority for Issuance of
licenses; sets standards for well
construction.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-282-
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STATE: TUIBSSBB
3.2.2. DmloaMBt of Oround MaUr Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-water policy or strategy development process? lea _X_ No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environment
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In 1981 the state initated an effort to develop a state strategy by the establishment of a task force.
The task force MS dismantled in 1983. However, with the support of 106 and 205(J) grant funds, the state in FY
1985 Mill develop a strategy and ground-water protection program.
3*2.3. CbmracteriaU.es of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: Current state position reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Note: Development of a ground-water classification system Is in progress.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Note: Establishment of ground-water quality standards are in progress.
-283-
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STATE: TEMMBSSBE
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Health
and Environment,
Division of Solid
Waste Management
Department of Health
and Environment,
Division of
Water Management
Department of
Agriculture,
Division of Plant
Industries
Oil and Gas Board
Division of Geology
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
01 C*
PWSb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground -
Water
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
X
xe
xe
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Manages the state super fund (not a delegated program).
the Oil and Gas Board and the Division of Geology of the Department of Conservation have regulatory authority
relating to oil and gas exploration and production.
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STATE: TUIBSSEB
3.4. Inter-Agency AgreoMnta
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Cooperative agreements between USGS, the Department of
Conservation, Division of Geology, and other agencies.
3«5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource AaaessMQt Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Ground -water use
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
The Tennessee Safe Growth Team is speeding up efforts to map
ground-water aquifers, and has several contracts with the USGS
to broaden the base of information on ground water. EPA funded
the identification of USDW's.
The planning section of the Division of Water Management
actively working to update the database of ground-water
is
use.
-285-
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STATE: TBHKSSEB
3.6. SUU Ground-Hater Haoltorii* Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt rnter
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
A water level monitoring network was established in
cooperation with the USGS.
Well drillers are licensed and required to submit well
log data to Division of Water Management.
Monitoring
Data
Gxputerlsed
(Gbeok)
X
X
•aaw of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
STATE
SYSTEM
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
"~~- Context
Approaches -^^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Nhter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
-286-
-------
STATE: TENNESSEE
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOID VATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Oflusual/Noteworthy
Pragma Charaoteriatiea
UIC
Not delegated
In anticipation of obtaining
primacy, the state ia developing
comprehensive regulations for a
UIC program.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Authority
of Interim Department of Health and
Environment,
Division of Solid Waste
Management
Well developed field office
system.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Environment,
Division of Water Management
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Division of Plant Industries
-287-
-------
4.2. Grant Statue
STATEi TMN&SSBK
OnuBt
Clean Water Aot
Section 106
Clean Water Aot
Section 205 (J)
Clean Wattr Aot
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
SDWA
Section 1413(«)
Speolfio Ground -Mater
R 1985 Allocation ProJecta/Teaka and Budfet
$1,108,900 Development of a atrategy and (round-water program,
($118,900 for and deiign of a monitoring network.
(round -water)
$355,370
$1,421,000 None for ground-water aotivitiea.
$1,066,900; Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
potential for lab expenses, and permitting.
additional
$161,500
$70,600 Program implemented by EPA.
$189,400 None for ground-water activities.
$392,200 Monitoring and data review.
i
-288-
-------
STATIJ TtMHBSSKB
S. StATI-OftXOXMTIO OMONB-VATIR PBOTBCTXOI PROGRAMS
5.1. ground. Mater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state strategy 1* eurrtntly being developed, and apparently will oall for a ground-mtir
QlaMifioation aysttn with prottotion criteria and a «onitorinj network. A ground-water Motion haa been created
la the DiTialon of Water Management to iapleient the ground-water program.
ri 1984 Funding!
Funding Source i
S.2. Oround-Hater Nonitoriag
Deaoriptiont A water-level Bonltoring network MM established la cooperation with the USos.
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water leeouroe Aaaesaaent/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Oeccriptlon: The Tcnneaeee Safe Growth Team (Committee) haa been active In speeding up efforts to nap ground-
water aquifers and inventory threats to ground-water quality. Numerous projects have been funded cooperatively
with the USOS. :
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-289-
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STATE: TUmBSSBE
5.5- Peraita/Cwitrol of Discharges to Qrouad Hater
Description: The state maintains a source control program for many types of facilities and activities which
represent a potential threat to ground water. Tennessee maintains a state regulatory program for solid and
hazardous waste disposal on land, septic tanks, mining, surface impoundments, and underground Injection of
waste. The state maintains a water well construction program which licenses water well drillers and pump setters,
and establishes well construction standards.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Muiageaeat Progras
Description: The septic tank program is maintained by the Department of Health and Environment.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5-8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: Well Data Collection
Description: The state requires the submission of well logs from all well drillers and owners, including private
wells. The state also maintains the Tennessee Water Well File, which stores well data (quantity and quality) in a
separate state computer file.
-290-
-------
REGION V
-------
STATE OROTOP-WATgR PBOORAM SUMMARY
STATE: ILLIBOIS
1. MATURE OF THE GROOID-HATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/ProTlace 1:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Phyaiographlc
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Oneonfloed Aquifer(a)
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: There are three main aquifer systems: CD a glacial drift aquifer over bedrock; (2) a shallow bedrock
aquifer underlying glacial drift and recharged locally from precipitation; and (3) a deep carbonate and sandstone
aquifer. (In northern Illinois and under Chicago, there are two distinct units separated by a confining shale
bed. Sandstone aquifer is absent in southern Illinois or exists at depths prohibitive to water well drilling.)
-291-
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STATE: ZLLZVOIS
1.2. Primary Oaes of Ground Hater aa Paroaat of Total Oaage
OM
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total
around Utter
3*
13
24a
29b
ICO
% Ground totar
of Total Vatar
27
29
91a
87
0.06
Irrigation.
bRural, domestic, and livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1982
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
40.6*
4,700,000
Domestic
Hells
9.6>
1,111,360
Total
50.2)1
5,811,360
-292-
-------
STATE: XLLUOIS
2.1. SouroM (Qwok major •ouroaa of contamination and rank top four
2 « next aoat aerioua, «to.)
— 1 «
Source QMOk tank
Septic tanks Z
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Source Check Rank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
i
Road salting
Other (specify):
Spills, improper Nell construction, and interaqulfer exchange.
Note: These sources are taken from a state strategy document, but have not
been classified as "major" due to qualifications that would accompany each
one, e.g., septic tanks major to private wells, but not to public wells.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
Xa
X
— —
Metals
Radioactive material Xc
Pesticides
Other (specify)
Primarily private systems.
bAs a result of improper well construction
or damaged casings, interaquifer exchange
has occurred; aulfates and chlorides are
migrating in previously "clean" aquifers.
cRadionuclides; high barium concentration
from ground-water passing barium forma-
tions (natural contamination).
-293-
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STATE: XU.IIOI3
3. man OEOOID-VATER MAIAOEMEWT STEUCTOU
3.1. Stote Statute* Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subjttt Monitor* by Statute
Statute laM/lo.
OMortptloB of Authority Pertaining
to Oround-lhter Proteotloa
General water pollution
control
General water quality statute, To prevent pollution of waters of th«
Illinoia Environmental Prottotlon Aet atete, including ground water.
Ground-w«t«r quality
(including public health
standarda)
not* balow.
Solid waat*
Hazardous mate
Mining
Oil and gas
The Conservation of Oil and Oas
Act, Ch. 96-1/2
Other (specify):
The Water Hell Construction Code,
Ch. 111-1/2
Legal provisions regulate location and
construction of water wells.
Notes: The University of Illinois-Champaign prepared • report entitled, "An Evaluation of Illinois Laws and
Regulations Relating to the Quality of Ground-Water."
3.2. State Ground-water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state atstutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-294-
-------
8TATB: XLLXIOXS
3*2.2. Development of Ground-Matw Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering ooomittee: Illinois EPA Inter-Agency Task Force and the State Water Plan
Task Force
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Coordination of water, solid waste, hazardous waste, and drinking water programs.
Task Force includes a sub-group called the Underground Water Task Force.
The State Water Plan
3*2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The State Water Plan describes the inter-agency task force policy as: "To protect, preserve and manage the
underground water resources of the State, as a natural and public resource. It is recognized as consistent with
this policy that the underground water resources of the State be utilized for beneficial and legitimate purposes;
that unreasonable waste and degradation of the resources be prevented; and that the underground water resource be
managed and developed to allow for maximum sustained utilization."
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.^.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
The October 1984 Strategy Document proposes ground-water classification which recognizes potential as
well as current uses. Classifications are Domestic Use, Limited Use, or General Non-Domestic Use or Limited Use.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3« Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-295-
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3TATI: ZLLIIOIS
3.3. State Ageaoy BeopcaslbillUaa for
Hater Protection
State
agency
Illinois
Environmental
Protection Agency
Departaent of Public
Health
Departaent of Energy
and Natural
Resources
Departaent of Mines
and Minerals
Departaent of
Agriculture
State Pollution
Control Board
Department of
Transportation
OrouDd-
Uater
Folloy/
ftulo/
Standard
Xh
Fe
•Ota
X
derally-ftelegatei
TOC*
X
^
X
X6
1
iFrognui
«o
X
Other
x"
Data
Colleo-
tioa,
•to.
X*
OrouDd-
Mmter
Quality
Soil
vatlom
X
X
Proteo-
Uon
load
X
Other
Xf
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS : Public Hater Systea.
CPE - Pesticides Enforcement.
dAlso administers Clean Water Act.
'Illinois EPA administers community systems; Health Department administers non-coonunlty systems.
rAdministers state laws on waste disposal, water well construction, and pesticides.
^Department evaluates and assesses ground water, surface water, and atmospheric water resources, collects data on geologic
and mineral resources, maintains a related database, and provides technical expertise.
hQuasl>Judiclal.
-296-
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STATE: ZLLUOIS
3.4. Inter-Acency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreesjaots
and Agencies
One Interagency task force produced a state water plan. A
state EPA interagency task force coordinates water, solid
waste, hazardous waste, and drinking water programs ; includes
underground water task force.
USGS cooperative agreements for resource assessments and
special studies. State Geological Survey and State Water
Survey for resource assessments.
3*5. Statua of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
The state has conducted aquifer susceptibility mapping and
mapping of ground-water availability. The Illinois State
Water Survey conducted numerous studies of local aquifer
conditions and ground-water quantity and quality. Recent
efforts have been made towards statewide mapping of potential
for surficial aquifer contaainatlon and a summary of ground -
water quality conditions.
The Illinois EPA's Division of Land Pollution Control and
Division of Public Water Supply and the Illinois Department of
Energy and Natural Resources (State Water Survey & State
Geological Survey) have extensive but distinct ground-water
databases. The Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals and
the Illinois Department of Transportation also have some ground -
water data.
-297-
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STATE: XLLUOIS
3.6. State Ground-Utter MoDltorlng Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
mate sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt Mater
Pesticides
Ambient aonltoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
RCRA ground-water monitoring.
A statewide anbient monitoring network was started with a
state appropriation of $1 million. The plan will integrate
a ground-water network with a surface water network. A
pilot network of 100 wells has been established. Some
ground-water will be analyzed for treatability.
Public water supply data.
The Illinois EPA's Division of Land Pollution Control and
Division of Public Water Supply and the Illinois Depart-
ment of Energy and Natural Resources (State Water Survey
and State Geological Survey) have extensive but distinct
ground-water databases. The Illinois Department of Mines
and Minerals and the Illinois Department of Transportation
also have some ground-water data.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
•
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~~""~~ _^^ Context
Approaches "^-^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ihtwr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X" X
X
X
X
xb
aState water plan discussed at meetings.
bAn agency-published report entitled "Progress.
-298-
-------
STATIi ZU.ZIOZS
4. STUB IMPLRMBMTATIOI OP PBOBBiL PiOOHilB TO P10TECT GROOM) HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
unusual/noteworthy
Prograa Characteristics
UIC
Delegated
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
Wants to Initiate statewide
ambient ground-water monitoring
program. Has appropriated $1
•illion in state funds to
initiate.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I Interim Authority
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
Has been monitoring public water
supplies for 4-6 years. IEPA
administers community systems;
Health Department administers
non-community systems.
PWS
Delegated
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency, jointly
with Health Department
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-299-
-------
STATS: XLLXIOXS
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeota/Taaka and Budgttt
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$2,030,000 FY 1985 preliminary water pollution control plan in-
cluded tasks to complete state ground-water strategy,
further integrate water management, and review program
authorities to develop problem-solving approaches to
ground-water. However, state has not identified exact
funding aources for its tasks.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$1,106,430
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
Hi 425,270
RCRA
Section 3011
$2,502,400
UIC
$291,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$243,000
-300-
-------
STATE: H.LIMOZS
5. ST1TE-ORIGIUTKD GROOID-HAYBR PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has a general ground-water policy. An effort is underway to develop a statewide ground-
water classification system.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Mater Monitoring
Description: A statewide ground-water aHbient monitoring network has been initiated with state appropriation of
$1.0 million; a pilot network of 100 wells to establish protocols has been developed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state has conducted aquifer susceptibility mapping and ground-water availability mapping. The
State Water Survey has conducted numerous studies of local aquifer conditions and ground-water quality/quantity;
recent efforts have also begun on statewide mapping for surflcial aquifer contamination and a summary of ground-
Mater quality conditions.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: One state plan component discussed ground water in the context of non-point source control for
agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-301-
-------
arms XLLXJOIS
5.5. rmLta/Control of Diaofaarges to Orouad Hater
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic MknigeMOt Progra*
Description: Septage Management Program
FY 19B^» Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Prograw
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCBA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
Description: Analysis of treatabillty of ground water and prevention of interaquifer exchange from poorly
constructed or damaged wells.
-302-
-------
3TATK
PBOOHAM 3PMMAHT
STATE: XIDXABA
1. MATURE Of TBB OB00BD-VATBR IBSOOICI
1.1. Oeoloclo and Hydrologlo Charaoteriatios. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. foraatlooa, rook typca, «r««l extent and thlokncaa, tranaalaaivlty, aquifer interconnection , extent
of contamination).
Ctantotvrlstios
R«tioo/ProTlaoe A:
Northern State
Pbyaiofraphic
••floo/ProvlBoe B:
Central State
C:
Southern State
Peroeat of atate uorered
by VbiM proTlaoe (eatluted)
331
331
33J
fined Aqulfer(a)
Highly permeable soils;
flat terrain; plentiful
ground water.
Fair to good ground-
water conditions.
Ground water at great
depths.
Confined Aqulfer(e)
Notes: Principal aurficial aquifers are sand-and-gravel; bedrock aquifers are composed of limestone.
-303-
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STATE: HDIAIA
1.2. frtmrnry Oaea of Ground Mater «a Percent of Total Usage
OM
Public Hater Systems
(Including aunicipal)
Industrial
(except Bunicipal)
Agricultural6
DoBestlc/Hural0
Other (specify):
Energy Production
Total
% of Total* f Ground Hater
Ground Water of Total Mater
26 52
23 21
33 91
18 61
0.05
100
•Total ground-water withdrawals 1.285 MOD.
Irrigation.
°Hural, water, and livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systeas Hells
32* 29%
Total
61*
-304-
-------
STATEI XIDXAM
2.1. SOUTOM (CbMk wjor •OUIWM of oontutfmtloB and rude top four — 1 « rat awious,
2 • ant M*t Mrlous, etc.)
Souroe Check tank
Septio tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Above ground bulk X
storage
Souroe Cheek tank
Injection wells X*
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
•Problems with Class V wells.
2.2. Oontaadnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X»
X
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)
8Solvents, TCE, petroleum products, chlordane.
-305-
-------
STATE: MDIAHA
3. STATE QBOOMD-VATEB MAMAGBMEMT STRDCTDBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Vater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute lame/Bo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Uaier Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Resources Management Act
General Statute (Environmental
Management Act)
Provides for assessment of state's water
resources, inventory of significant water
users, and planning of development,
conservation, and utilization of water
resources (use and quantity).
Protects state waters (quality).
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Environmental Management Act
(General Statute)
General authority.
Hazardous waste
Environmental Management Act
(General Statute)
General authority.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Pesticides Control Act
Controls use and storage.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Check
X
Policy under development ' X
-306-
-------
STATE: MDIAHA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes , X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Indiana State Board of Health
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Interprogram and Interagency Coordinating Committee and the Citizens Advisory Counittee.
Rote: Strategy will be developed under FT 1985 Ground-Water Work Plan.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: There is no official policy; the general administrative policy of the state Board of Health is to maintain
quality of potable water wherever it occurs. The Indiana State Board of Health will develop a policy statement in
FY 1985.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.t.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes Ko X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-307-
-------
3.3. State Agency lee*
for
0TATB: UDXAM
rroUettoa
BBBaaHafVifl 1 1ll •
auto
Agency
State Board of
Health, Land
Pollution Control
Division
State Board of
Health,
Division of Water
Pollution Control
State Board of
Health,
Public Water Supply
Division
State Board of
Health, Water and
Sewage Laboratory
Division
Department of
Natural Resources
State Chemist
Oround-
Uater
•allm/
mole/
Staadard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
KM
X
QIC*
«Bb
X
r»°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
aafttlf faY*
Mapping,
etc.
X
jd
X
f*WH«JBj|
Water
Quality
Boil
VOtiOB
X
Walag
X
Protec-
tion
fVtfaal
load
De-leiag
Other
X<
X*
xf
x«
•UIC « Underground Injection Control.
bPNS » Public Water Systea.
CPE c Pesticides Enforcement.
dAdalnlsters Clean Water Act; responds to spills and clean-ups, and investigates ground-water oontaaination.
eAlso collects water samples froa local conwinitles and provides technical assistance to coaaunlties.
^Provides lab support to other divisions.
8Well log inforaation and high volume well users.
-308-
-------
3.*. Inter-Agency Agreements
5TATB: XVD1AMA
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-Mater contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreementa
and Agencies
USGS cooperative agreements for special studies and resource
assessments .
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
The Purdue University Water Resource Research Center conducted
studies on surficial aquifers, including water and drilling
information, and mapped out potential ground-water problem
areas by county.
Ambient ground-water quality
The Indiana State Board of Health does not currently enter
ground-water quality data into a computer system. General
cation/anion data from public water supplies goes in paper
files. Currently, the Land Pollution Control Division stores
some ground-water data in its own data system.
Assessment at waste sites
The Land Pollution Control Division assesses sites through
RCRA program.
Other (specify):
Ground-water availability
The Hater Resources Study Commission prepared a state-wide map.
-309-
-------
STATE1 XlOIill
3.6. State Oround-Vater Monitoring Program
Type* of Monitoring
Moo-hazard ouo
wsti sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cheek
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitorial Pragru
RCRA monitoring program.
No real ambient monitoring other than for public
water supplies and VOC analysis.
Monitoring of public water supplies per SDWA.
Klonitorlng
Data
Computerised
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~~~~ — -^^^ Context
Approaches —-^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- legulatlon Oround-
Hktw Permit Adoption, Niter
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
-310-
-------
STATB: XIDXANA
*. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PBOORAMS TO PROTECT ORODNO WATER
4.1. Profru Status
Federal
Status of Proem DclacB
State Implementing
IteuauBl/RotCNorttqr
Profitui
uxc
Not
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I Interim Authority
State Board of Health
PWS
Not delegated
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
State Chemist
-311-
-------
STATE: TOIAIA
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeeta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
S«otion 106
$1,130,000 Policy and strategy development, resource and
contaminant inventory, and related planning and
assessments ($130,000).
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$589,590
See above ($130,000).
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$2,358,360
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,398,000
UIC
$205,300
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$167,200
-312-
-------
STATE: HDXAMA
5. STAM-ORXOMATID OROOID-MATBR PROTBCTXOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater NoBltoriag
Description:
FX 19&4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Qrouod-Hater Resource Aaseaseent/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contasdnation Control
Description: Anlaal waste control program. Control of nitrates.
FY 1984 Funding: $75,000
Funding Source: State
-313-
-------
STATE: XIDIAIa
5.5. Permlta/Control of Diaohargea to Oround-Vatcr
Description: Oil and gas drilling operations are administered by the Department of Natural Resources; regulation
takes ground-water quality into account.
FT 1984 Funding: unknown
Funding Source: State
5.6. Septio Management Program
Description: State regulatory program regarding siting and installation.
FT 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source: State
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Providing covers or permanent structures for the Department of Transportation's salt piles.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Office of Emergency Response reacts to any type of spill or release.
FT 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source: State
5.9. Other
Description: Program to control location of siting of public water supplies. Based primarily on concern for
bacteriological contamination.
-314-
-------
STATE GRODMD-tfATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: MICHIGAN
1. MATURE Of THE GROUHD-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic •nd Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transoissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Southern Peninsula
Physiographic
Region/ProrlDoe B:
Northern Peninsula
Physiographic
legion/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconftned Aquifer(a)
The Michigan Basin covers
an area of approximately
122,000 square miles with
its center and deepest
part located in the
central portion of the
Southern Peninsula. In
Michigan's Southern
Peninsula, the Michigan
Basin includes approx-
imately 11,000 feet of
consolidated sediments
including sandstone, lime-
stone, dolomite, shale,
and Cambrian through
Jurassic Age evaporates.
These sediments lie
unconformably upon
Precambrian formations.
Some portions of the
basin are exposed at the
surface, while much of
the Southern Peninsula
is covered with glacial
drift ranging from a few
feet to over 1,000 feet
thick in the northwest
portion of the peninsula.
Confined and unconfined
aquifers producing minimal
supplies to well over 500
gallons per minute exist
throughout the peninsula
depending upon the
geologic depositional
history of the area.
Aquifer interconnection
and the extent of
contamination is difficult
to determine because of
the glacial history of
the state (e.g., three
glacial lakes interacted
in the state).
Glacial drift of the
Pleistocene Age over-
lies the bedrock
surface over most of
the Northern Peninsula.
Drift thickness ranges
between 0-300 feet but
is less than 125 feet
thick over 90J of the
region. Confined and
unconfined aquifers
exist as in the Southern
Peninsula.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
-315-
-------
STATE: MXCBIQAI
1.2. Prtaary Dm of Orouad Water u Percent of Total Daage
Oae
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Water of Total Hater
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1984
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground
water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
m
1,600,000
Domestic
Wells
33*
3,000,000
Total
50*
4,600,000
-316-
-------
STATE: MICHIGAN
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of oontaadnation and rank top four
2 * next most serious, «to.)
•t serious,
Souroe
Check Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-aite Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
underground storage
tanks
X 4
X 3
X
X 2
X
X 1
Souroe Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting X
Other (specify) :
Heavy /light industry; surface and sub-surface solid waste; municipal
wastewater; transportation spills; laundromats.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
"Petroleum products.
-317-
-------
STATE i MICBIOU
3. STATE OROOID-VATRR MAIAOKMMT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statute* Pertaining to Oramd-Watar Quality ud Pollution Control
Subject Honltored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid wast*
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify) :
Statute ISJM/IO.
Water Resources Commission Act
(Act 245, PA 1929)
Safe Drinking Water Act (Act 399.
PA 1976)
Public Health Code (Part 127 of
Act 368, PA 1976)
Solid Vasts Management Act
(Act 641)
Hazardous Waste Management Act
(Act 64)
Mining Reclamation Act (Act 92,
PA 1972)
Sand Dune Protection and Management
Act as amended (Act 222, PA 1976)
Michigan Surface and Underground
Mine Reclamation Act (Act 303,
PA 1962)
Oil and Gas Act (Act 61)
Mineral Wells Act (Act 315)
Description of Authority Pertalnlnc
to Ground-Mater Protection
Regulates discharge!! to ground water.
Regulates publio supplies.
Regulates water well drinking and
turbidity and bacteria in wells.
Act has varying requirements for land-
fills, depending on soil at the site.
Stipulates engineering requirements for
hazardous waste landfills.
Regulates surface mining (except sand,
gravel, peat, marl and clay).
Requires ground-water studies at sand
dune mining sites.
Requires permit to mine coal and
requires hydrogeologlc investigation
for each.
Regulates the drilling, operation, and
plugging of oil and gas wells.
Regulates the drilling, operation, and
plugging of mineral wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-313-
-------
STATlt IHCHIOAN
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. I* there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
'•»JL No.
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Inter-Agency Committee consisting of the Directors of the Departments
of Natural Resources, Agriculture, Management and Budget, Public
Healthi the Chairman of the Michigan Environmental Review Board, and
the Executive Secretary of the Toxic Substance Control Commission
3«2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
a document endorsed by the agencies in 3*2.2.2. ma produced la September 1984, titled "Ground-Water
Protection Znitiatives" detailing ground-water poliolea citing issues and recommendations to improve ground-water
protection in the state.
3.2.3. CnaracUrlatioa of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The state's position holds protection of existing and potential drinking water quality to be of paramount
importance over other uses.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yea, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yea
No X
3.2.5.3> Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-319-
-------
STATE: KICBZGAI
3.3. State Agency ReaponaibLlltiee far Oround-ttetar Proteotlcn
Reaponalble
SUte
Agency
Water Resources
Commission
Department of
Natural Resources6
Department of Public
Health
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
tater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Progru
RCRA
X
rac*
X
rwb
X
PBC
X
Other
X«
Data
Collec-
tlen,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
Xf
Ground-
Hiter
QuaUty
*
X
x«
SOU
Conaer-
VBtiOB
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lclng
X
Other
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPHS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Regulates discharges to ground water.
eManages Superfund.
fHydrogeological technical assistance.
^Administration of Safe Drinking Water Act and responsibility over all public and private drinking water wells.
-320-
-------
3TATK: MXCHIOAI
3.4. Xnter-A«eney
Topioa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify) :
Use of ground-water for
agricultural discharges
at feedlots
Check if
applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of agreements
and agencies
Cabinet Council on Environmental Protection
Agreement between Department of Natural Resources
local health departments.
and state and
Interagency agreement between Department of Natural Resources
and Department of Public Health.
Agreement between Department of Natural Resources
Department of Agriculture.
and Michigan
3.5. Status of Ground-Mater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Study of 25 ground-water sites under the state's Act 307
program, and 25 sites under the CERCLA program.
•
-321-
-------
STATE: MXCBIGAI
3.6. State Ground-Hater Mooltoriag Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient nonitoring
Other:
Waste-water
d isohargers
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Prograi
All landfills are required to conduct monitoring.
Monitoring must be conducted at all hazardous waste
sites .
All dischargers are required by permit to conduct
monitoring.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X*
•aae of
Database
(Specify)
Basic
aComputer program under development by the state.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^~~~^--~~^_^^ Context
Approaches "~~~----~^____^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
M»t«r Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X Xb
Xb
xb
Xa X
X Xb
aPublic participation required for siting of landfills and hazardous waste facilities.
All discharge permits Issued by Department of Natural Resources have public
participation component prior to permit issuance.
"Public participation for Superfund and State Act 307 clean-up activities.
-322-
-------
STATE: MXCHXQM
1. STATE IMfrLBNENTATIOM OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT QROOHD WATER
4.1. Frogru Status
Federal
PTOCTM
OIC
RCRA
PUS
Pesticides
Enforcement
Unusual/Noteworthy
SUtua of Pretru D*l«c*tion 3UU X«l«Mntiat Ag«noy Procrwi Chu«oUrlatioa
Hot delegated; etate baa
applied for primacy
Not delegated; applying for
full authority
Delegated Department of Health
Delegated Department of Agriculture
-323-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
STATE: HXCHXQAI
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Speoiflo Orouad-
Projaota/Taska and Budget
Clean Water Aot
Section 106
$1,910,000
Strategy under development for FT 1985*
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(J)
$1,051,910
Strategy under development for FY 1985.
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
$1,207,610
Strategy under development for FY 1985•
BCBA
Section 3011
$1,808,900
Not available.
U1C
Non-prlnacy state
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$167,800
Strategy under development for FY 1985•
-324-
-------
STATE: MICHIGAN
5. STATI-OHI01KATKO GROUND-WATER FROT1CT10N PXOGRAMS
5.1. Ground Water Strategy
(including ground-Mater quality standards and classification)
Description: Described in 3.2.2. of this document.
FT 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.2. around-Utter Monitoring
Description: All landfills are required to monitor. Permitting is required at hazardous waste sites and those
sites receiving a ground-water discharge permit.
Act 64 — Hazardous Waste Act — 2000 work days/year
Act 245 — Vater Resources Commission Act — 1568 work days/year
Act 641 — Solid Haste Management Act — 462 work days/year
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: The State Geological Survey Division in cooperation with the USGS is now considering aquifer
study/napping.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-325-
-------
STATE: MICHIGAN
5.5. remits/Control of Diaobargea to Ground Hater
Description: Permits are required under Aota 64, 641, and 245 - aee Section 5.2. Inherent In the monitoring
discussed la Section 5.2. la analyaia of information aa well aa campling that la part of parmit iaauanoe. In
addition to monitoring, about 4,000 additional hours/year are apent in aite Inspections.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septlo Muacmaot Program
Descriptioni District Health Departments regulate on-aite sewage disposal discharge in aeptio system up to 10,000
OPD; aeptio aystems for mobile homes; and discharges from wastewater treatment plants.
FY 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Natural Resources was mandated by the Water Resources Commission Act to administer
a program which regulates above- and below-ground storage tanks and facilities.
FY 1964 Funding: Part of duties of field staff -- exact figure unknown.
Funding Source: General funding — Act 245 Water Resources Commission Act.
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Michigan Environmental Response Act, Act 307 of 1982.
FY 1984 Funding: $12 million
Funding Source: Michigan Environmental Response Act (Appropriations from General Revenues)
5.9. Other
-326-
-------
MATE QBOU1P-MT1B PEOORAM 80MMAET
STATEI NXIBBSOTA
1. MATURE OP THE OROOID-VATER BE30DRCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologlo CharMteriitlos. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharaoterlatioa
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thlokneaa, tranamisalvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Phy aiographio
Region/Prorinoe A:
Eastern
PhyBiographic
•egiOD/ProTiBoe B:
Northeastern
Physiographic
Region/Province
Southeastern
C:
Percent of state covered
by thla province (eatlaated)
66%
Onconfined Aqulfer(a)
Surficial and buried
drift aquifers
Northeastern Minnesota
oonaiats of basement
bedrock (Igneous or
aietamorphic rocks) at
or near the land
surface.
The southeastern corner of
Minnesota is underlain by
beds of limestone and
dolomite, normally frac-
tured and containing
numerous cracks, crevices,
channels, and caves. This
is the karst area. Glacial
drift is either thin or
absent, leaving the karst
area susceptible to conta-
mination.
Confined Aquifer (a)
The eastern two-thirda
of the state consists
of layers of sandstone
and limestone, separ-
ated by relatively
impermeable layers of
shale and siltstone.
The area contains five
major water-yielding
aquifera. The more
familiar names are the
Jordan, St. Peter, and
Hinckley Sandstone
aquifers.
Same aa above.
(Continued)
-327-
-------
STATE: MIMHESOTA
1. UTORB OP THE GtODMD-VATEB RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologic Charactarlatica. Describe general geological and hydrological. characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
legion/Province D:
Southwestern
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Northwestern
Physiographic
Regioci/ProTince P:
Percent of state oorered
by thia provlnse (estluted)
Dbconfiaad Aqulfer(s)
Southwestern Minnesota
is composed of quartzite
basement rock. Also,
cretaceous sands and
silts, under confined,
unconfined conditions.
Glacial and beach
deposits. Red River
Valley alluvium.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Cretaceous sands and
silts.
-328-
-------
STATIi MUNB30TA
Primary HIM of Ground tatw aa Paroant of Total
DM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(txcept municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Mater
Ground Hater of Total Mater
36.6
12.6
31 .5"
19.3
100b
'Irrigation 22.31; livestock 9.2J.
''Approximately 0.23 trillion gallons per year.
SOURCE: mm, 1962.
1.3* Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Mater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Mater
Systems
13.5*
1,772,000
Domestic
Hells
25. 4»
1,035,000
Total
18. 9»
2,607,000
-329-
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STATE: MMMESOT1
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of contamination and rank top four
2 • next Boat serious, ate.)
— 1 *
rioua,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X T
Municipal landfills X 1
On-site industrial X 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X 2
Surface impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X Y
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Check Rank
X 4
X 1
X 3
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X 3
Xs 2
X I
"Pollution from agricultural practices is believed to be widespread in the karst area of the southeast and the
intensely irrigated sand plains of West-central Minnesota.
Y * Source of contamination; magnitude and extent largely unknown.
Note: State has data on number of locations for each of ten major types of potential contamination sources.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Xa
X8
X"
x°
-
Xd
Radioactive material
Pesticides Xe
Other (specify)
aCarcinogenic organic compounds found in well water in nine Minneapolis-St. Paul suburbs, and several outstate
communities.
bMost prevalent in karst area and irrigated sandplains.
cLocally elevated due to improper disposal of arsenic pesticides in 1930s and 1940s; also naturally elevated in
some areas of state underlain by cretaceous rocks.
Locally elevated naturally, especially iron and manganese in glacial deposits.
eLocally, may be a problem; more data being gathered.
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STATE: MMHBSOT1
3. STATE GBOOID-MATBB MAMAGEMEBT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertainii« to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground -water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Statute Mane/Ho.
M.S. 115.03, 144.35
M.S. 114. 12
M.S. 144.35, .383
M.S. 115.03, M.S. 105.36,
M.S. 144.05
M.S. 116. 07
M.S. 116.101
M.S. 84. 57
M.S. 105- 40(10), 156A.07.31.5U,
32.392
M.S.156A.03, .07
M.S. 144. 383, 116.11
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Regulation to control or abate water
pollution; establishment of reasonable
water pollution standards.
Regulation of disposal of sewage to
water.
Protection of water supplies to ensure
safe drinking water.
Laws relating to pollution, conservation,
and environmental health.
Hazardous waste regulation and manage-
ment plan, including spill contingency
plan.
Permits for underground storage of gases
or liquids.
Water data collection.
Design, location, construction data on
water wells.
Development of an emergency plan when
decline in water quality/quantity causes
serious health risk; emergency powers to
direct discontinuance or abatement of
dangerous pollution.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy for ground -water
management under development
Check
X
X
X
-331-
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STATE: MmZSOTA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: MPCA/State Planning Agency (See 3.2.2.3)
*es X Mo
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
MPCA developed Ground-Water Protection Strategy Framework in June 1983, assisted by Clean Water Act
funding, Sec. 208. This framework was developed with the assistance and input of approximately a dozen state
agenclea having ground-water management responsibilities. The State Planning Agency la currently heading a team,
made up of representatives of many of these same agencies to review existing framework plans, strategies, and
legislation to make recommendations to the governors outlining a comprehensive ground-water management strategy
for the state. This will occur early in 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: Minnesota Rule MCAR Section 1.8022 sets a standard between non-degradation and limited degradation. The
State Strategy Framework's goal is to assure the maintenance of an adequate supply of ground water of sufficient
quality to meet reasonable demands for its use through: (1) improved water and related land resource management;
(2) identification of areas of the state where ground-water development may be beneficially pursued and where
additional development may not be feasible; and (3) protection of the state's ground-water against contamination
to assure a safe source of water for human and animal consumption.
3*2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yes No X
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Actual or potential use of all Minnesota ground water for potable water supply constitutes highest
priority use.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X No
See Minnesota Rules, Ch. 7060, which references state standards which are essentially similar to the
National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
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STATE: NXME50TA
3,3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources
Pollution Control
Agency, Division
of Water Quality
Pollution Control
Agency, Division
of Solid and
Hazardous Waste1
Department of
Health, Division of
Environmental Health
University of
Minnesota, Minnesota
Geological Survey,
Department of
Geology and
Geophysics
Department of
Agriculture
Waste Management
Board
Soil and Water
Conservation Board
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X"
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
•CIA
xJ
rac*
X*
PBb
X
PBC
X
Other
X«
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X«
X1
x°
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
free
Road
De-icing
Other
^
Xh
xm
Xn
xp
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS r Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Appropriation permit program.
eGround-water hydrology study.
fUnderground gas and liquid storage permits.
«NPDES Permits Program.
Other functions include Mater quality Management planning, municipal sludge disposal, emergency response unit (spills),
state disposal system permits, end Agricultural Waste Unit.
^nages state superfund.
•^Interim authorization.
kApplication for authorization being prepared.
^Statewide ambient ground-water monitoring program.
"functions Include the Site Response Section, the Hazardous Waste Generator Program, solid and hazardous waste facility
and transportation permits, underground injection control, solid and hazardous waste facility review, and solid and
hazardous waste and ground-water program development.
"Functions include water, exploratory, and monitoring well construction, the Safe Drinking Water Program, and analytical
services (laboratory).
functions include hydrogeologic mapping (statewide), hydrogeochemistry mapping, research and mapping, water well driller;
logs database, and High Capacity Well Database (HICAPS).
functions include a Hazardous Waste Management Plan, siting of hazardous waste facilities, and solid waste management.
-333-
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3.4. XBUr-4genoy Agrementa
STATIs MXNI30TA
Topics
Protection of apecifio aquifers
Policy and atrategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-Hater contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Information exchange
Health advisory on drinking water
Contract for analytical services
Qieok If
applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agrcnanta
and Agenoiea
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Land Management
Information Center of the State Planning Agency for data
management services.
Pollution Control Agency, Department of Health, State Planning,
Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Geological Survey,
DSGS: Interagency Advisory Group.
Interagency agreement between Department of Health and
Pollution Control Agency.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Ai
at Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer napping, ate.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waata altes
Other (specify):
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
USGS ia mapping and describing the state 'a aquifers. MGS is
developing county hydrogeologic atlases.
Ambient ground-water monitoring program.
Hydrogeologic atudy of aelected dump sites.
MDNR geophysical assessment of buried aand aquifer systems in
west central Minnesota.
-334-
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iTATi: HWHESOTi
3.6. «UU Oround-tfcter Hcoitorlag Frocraa
type* of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous mate sites
Salt wattr
Pesticides
Aabitnt aonitoring
Other
CbMk
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Hooltoriai Program
Minneaota Rule SW-6(2) requires monitoring at sanitary
land f ilia but requirement haa not been uniformly applied
and aome monitoring systems are not adequate to detect
leaohate. Moat aitea have at least three monitoring
wells.
Monitoring required of spills, leaks, and uncontrolled
hazardous mate aitea.
Limited ground-water monitoring program for peatioidea
has been initiated by the Department of Agriculture.
The atate haa a total of 407 wells and springs.
Currently all of the 87 oountiea have at least one
station. The goal ia to have approximately IOC quality
sampling aitea sampled once every five years.
Monitoring of impoundments and land application sites
required by State Disposal System or NPCES permits if
project review reveals potential for significant ground-
water impacts.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
X
xb
X
•as* of
Database
(Specify)
SWIMS'
STORET
'Solid Waste Facility Inventory Monitoring System.
Stater quality database being computerized at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites on a case-by-case basis
as funding allows.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^^""-^-^__^ Context
Approaches ~"*-^»^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Hanobook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground-
NhUr Permit
Issues Issuance
X xa
Xb xb
X
X
x°
Regulation
Adoption,
Changes
Xb
X
Specific
Ground -
Mater
Strategy
X
X
Xd
Other
Xe
--.— — f°r permits, siting decisions.
"Case-by ease; depends on lasue.
"Publiahed reporta: ground-water monitoring manual5 ambient ground-water reports.
"Framework report, MPCA.
'Ground-water uaers' guide.
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STATE: MINNESOTA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PIOGHAKS TO PBOTECT GBOUID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Status of PrograB Delegation
State Implementing Agency
(teusual/Noteworthy
Prograji Characteristics
QIC
Mot delegated; have applied
for delegation
MPCA
RCRA
Not delegated; applying for
full authority
MPCA
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-336-
-------
».2. Grant Status
8TATB: NXnKSOTA
Gnat
FT 1985 AUooatlc
Specific Ground-Mater
and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
Conaolidated
Ground-Water
Prograa
$1,020,000 Under development.
$222,930 Submitted to Region V for approval.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$449,640
Under development.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,798,560
Under development.
RCFA
Section 3011
$548,200
Under development.
UIC
$70,000
Under development.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
$169,500
Under development.
-337-
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STATE: MXMBSOTA
5. STATB-ORIGHATBD GBOOBD-VATEB FBOTECTIOB FROCBAHS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: See item 3.2.2.3.; also, MPCA la currently developing an implementation strategy for ground-water
quality protection at waste management facilities to provide guidance in interpretation and Implementation of
ground-water quality standards.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Four types of monitoring are conducted: 1) One type of monitoring is for ambient ground-water
quality. The state has a total of 107 wells and springs. Currently all of the 87 counties have at least one
station. The goal is to have approximately 400 quality sampling sites sampled once every five years. Funding for
the ambient ground-water monitoring program was $100,000. 2) Minnesota Rule SW-6(2) requires monitoring at
sanitary landfills but this requirement has not been uniformly applied, and some monitoring systems are not
adequate to detect leachate. Host sites have at least three monitoring wells. 3) Monitoring of impoundments and
land application sites is required by State Disposal System or NPDES permits if project review reveals potential
for significant ground-water impacts. 1) Monitoring is required of spills, leaks, and uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. 5} MDH monitoring of public water supplies as part of the SDHA program.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Continuing programs of USGS and MGS (see 3.5, page 7).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: 1) The Department of Agriculture (see 3.6, page 8) does limited ground-water monitoring. 2) MPCA
flule: agricultural waste control permit/certification program administered by the Water Quality Division.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-338-
-------
StaTK: MXmBSOTA
5.5. Fwita/Ccotrol of Discharges to around feter
Description: The Pollution Control Agency IB currently revising solid mate rules and regulations; monitoring of
impoundments and land application aitea required SOS or NPDES permits if project review reveals potential for
significant ground-water impacts.
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: MPCA rules; program administered by toe Water Quality Division.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Aboveground bulk storage: MPCA rules; program administered by the Water Quality Division.
Underground storage: legislation proposed by MPCA; directs agency to conduct tank inventory and develop technical
rules for tank Installation and monitoring.
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: 1) State superfund: administered by MPCA, Solid and Hazardous Waste Division. 2) Emergency
Response (spills) Unit: responds to short-term spill and leak emergencies; administered by MPCA, Water Quality
Division.
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-339-
-------
arm OMUID-MITM FMOMM
STaTB: OBIO
1. IATOBB Or TBB OBODB1MMTBB U800ICB
1*1. Oeologio and Bjdrologio Cbaraotarlatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologlea.1 obaraoteriatios
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thioknaaa, tranamiaaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Phyaiographio
Beglon/ProviaM A:
PnyBiographic
Begion/Prorinoe B:
PtqraJograpbio
Begicn/Proriooe C:
Pepoeot of «Ute oovered
kf thi» prorinoe
fined aquifer(a)
5J - Glacial outwaah
deposits (sand and
gravel.
95S - Glacial drift
and buried valley
deposits. Bedrock
aquifers (both
confined and unconfined.
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: Ohio consists of both consolidated sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated sediments. The bedrock valleys
that were later filled with glacial materials are eoononly referred to aa "buried valleys." The most significant
of these burled valley aquifers are the Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Muakingum, and Hocking,,
-340-
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STATE: OHIO
1.2. Primary QMS of Ground Hater •» Percent of Total Oaage
DM
Public Hater System
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total | Ground Hater
Ground Water of Total Hater
52
30
2
16
100 5% - G.W.
95* - S.W.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
25*
2,717,000
Domestic
Halls
17*
1,810,000
Total
42*
4,527,000
-341-
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STATIl OBIO
S.I. Souroea (Cbeok major mouroM of onnti-rt nation and rank top four
2 * aezt wat •arloua, «to.)
— 1 « BOat MTlOUB,
Souroe Cbeok lank
Septic tanka X» t
Municipal landfllla
On-aite industrial X 4
landfllla (excluding
pita, lagoons, aurfaoe
impoundmanta)
Other land f ilia X 4
Surfaoa Impoundments X 3
(excluding oil and
gaa brine pita)
Oil and gaa brine pita X 2
Underground atorage
tanka
Other (apeolfy):
Disposal of waate X
into abandoned or
dry wells
Souroe Cbeok lank
Injection wella
Abandoned hazardous
waate aitea
Regulated hazardous Xb
waate sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road aalting X
•Improper use of septic tank disposal systems for paint thlnnera, waste oil,
cleaning fluida, and solvents.
Nineteen aitea in Ohio have been included on the EPA'a National Priority
List; four of the nineteen could be inundated by 100-year floods.
2.2. Contaminating Subataaoea
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
X
^
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides _____
Arsenic
Brine salinity X
Other
Metals X
Radioactive material _____
Pesticides --.,-_
Other (specify)
x«
'Bacterial.
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STATE I OHIO
3. STATE OROUKMUTM NAMAOEHBNT STftOCTOBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining; to Ground-Vater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitor** fey Statute
Statute lan/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to around-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control
Ohio Revised Statute 6111.04
Water pollution control statute
Pollution of waters of state prohibited.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Ohio Revised Statute
6111.03 and 6111.041
Conduct studies; OEPA nay adopt standards.
Solid waste
Ohio Revised Statute 3734.02
Authority to govern solid wastes.
Hazardous waste
Mining
Ohio Revised Statute
Oil and gas
Ohio Revised Statute 1509
Other (specify):
Ohio Revised Statute 3745
Functions/duties of environmental agency.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-343-
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STATS: OBZO
3.2.2. DmlepMBt of Ground-mUr Polity
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Ohio Enviroonental Protection Agency
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Strategy framework to be completed January 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Polio* Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The draft Ohio EPA Ground-Water Protection Policy states that Sections G111 and 3715 of the Ohio Revised
Code mandate that no person or entity has the right to conduct activities which nay result in the pollution of any
state waters (including ground water) to the extent that detrimental effects upon current or future water uses
will occur. OEPA's policy is to insure that water supplies do not present a health hazard and that all other
Intended uses of water are not impaired by the effects of pollution at the present or in the future.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground-water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-344-
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STATE: OHIO
3.3. State Agency •eapauibUltiea for Ground-Meter Protection
Responsible
Stete
Agency
Department of Health
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Natural Resources
Ohio EPAd
Ground -
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RdU
X
DIC*
X
X
FWb
X
«c
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Hipping,
etc.
X
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
De-icing
Other
X«
BUIC • Underground Injection Control.
bPHS z Public Water Systea.
CPE * Pesticides Enforcement.
dManages Superfund.
"Responsible for environmental protection throughout the state; regulates solid and hazardous waste landfills, and
industrial lagoons.
-345-
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STATE: OHIO
3.*.
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Pollution associated with oil
production
Cheek if
Applloable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Agreement with Ohio Department of Natural Resources and Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency.
Ohio EPA is the designated lead agency in coordination of state
response to oil and hazardous chemical spills.
Memorandum of Agreement between Ohio EPA and Ohio Department
of Natural Resources coordinates concurrent responsibilities
for investigating and mitigating pollution associated with oil
production.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Ground -water mapping program la being administered by Department
of Natural Resources.
Aquifer mapping by Ohio Environmental Protection Agency.
Inventories of landfills, ponds, pits, and lagoons; inventory
Classes 1, II, and V injection wells.
of
-346-
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STATE: OHIO
3.6. State Ground-Vater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cbeok
X
X
X
Brief Description of Honitorlng Program
Monitoring at 40 sites, 21 of industrial lagoons and 5%
of landfills.
All hazardous waste facilities are monitored.
The ambient monitoring system is being re-designed to
reflect site-specific problems.
Honitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeok)
•as* of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^""""^---^^^ Context
Approaches ' *^___^
Public hearings! meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
Miter Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa
aA public advisory group was formed in the summer of 1983 to review, comment, and
provide input on new agency programs and proposals.
-347-
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STATE: OBXO
*. sTATi XMPLBMBiTATXON or PBDBRAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATBR
4.1. Program Statum
Federal
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Aganoy
Qbuaual/lotvMorthy
Progru Cteraoterlstioa
rac
uxc
Delegated Claaa XX and
daaa XXX walla
Delegated Claaa I, XV, and
V walla
Department of Natural
Reaouroea
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
ROW
Delegated
Pnaae X Interim Authority
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
PHS
Delegated
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
Peatioidea
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-348-
-------
STATE: OHIO
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Speclfio Ground-Hater
ProJaota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$2,060,000
Under development.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
41,377,210
Under development.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
45,508,8110
Under development.
RCRA
Section 3011
42,586,600
UIC
4137,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)d)
4242,400
-349-
-------
oaxo
5. RATI-OBXQZUTID 01001D-WATM PMUCTIOI PIOOIANS
5.1. Oround-ltaUr Strategy
(including ground-water quality etandarda and classification)
Description:
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Sourot:
5.2. Oround-Vatar Monitoring
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Orcund-*ater Rcaouroe Aaaeaaaient/Aqulfer Study/Napping
Description: The Department of Natural Resouroea conducts a ground-water mapping program.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
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-------
arm i OHIO
5.5. Pmlte/Caatrol of DiMtercM fee Oread Mrtw
Deaoriptlon:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Scptle MuageaMnt Fragre*
Description:
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding SOUFM:
5.7. Bulk Stome«/0nd«rground Storag* tank FrogruH
DMoripUon:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Souro*:
5.8. CoatudnatioB RwpooM Program
(other than RCRA/Suparfund)
Oaacrlptlon:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Sourov:
5.9* Otter: Vail Regulation
Description: The Department of Health and Ohio EPA administer well construction regulations. The Department of
Health also administers the well drillers' registration program.
-351-
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STATE OROOIP-MTER PROGRAM 3BIMART
STATE: WISCOiSIl
1. IATORE OF THE GROUMD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Qeologle and Hydrologies Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal. characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaractertstlos
Physiographic
Region/ProTlace A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (eatlaated)
OoconfioBd Aquifer (s)
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: There are four principal aquifers: (Da sand-and-gravel aquifer underlies the entire state except for
the unglaciated southwest; (2) the eastern dolomite aquifer lies beneath the sand-and-gravel aquifer in the
eastern area and consists of dolomite underlain by shale; (3) a sandstone and dolomite aquifer lies beneath the
sand-and-gravel aquifer in most of the state except the north central area; and (4) a crystalline bedrock aquifer
underlies most of the state.
-352-
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STATE: WSCOMI1
1.2. Primary Uwa of Ground Water as Percent of Total Baage
0..
Public Mater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater
»7
16
13
23
1
100
% Ground latter
of Total Mater
51
21
96
93
0.03
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Mater
Systems
3Xt
1,596.000
Domestic
Veils
34*
1,596,000
Total
66$
3,196,000
-353-
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STATE: HI3COMSH
2.1. Sources (Cbeok major sources of oootajatnatlaD
2 « next Boat serious, etc.)
rude top four — 1 * meet serious,
Source Cbeok Ink
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-slte Industrial
land f Ilia (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Source Cbeok Bunk
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X*
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Other (specify):
Abandoned wells X
and well pits;
spills
aLeachate from landfills abandoned prior to hazardous and solid waste regulations and those "grandfathered" under
RCRA, and orphaned landfills.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
thirty-five systems have been found In violation of the radium standard (natural condition).
"Aldicarb contamination exists in the central six-county area.
cBacterial.
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STATE: HISCOtSIM
3. STATE OBOOMD-WATEB MAHACBMEHT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Fertilizers and pesticides
Septic tanks
Veil drilling
Land disposal
Statute Bine/Mo.
Wisconsin Statutes, Ch. 144.
19&3 Wisconsin Act 410,
Wisconsin Statutes, Ch. 160
Wisconsin Statutes, Ch. 144.
Wisconsin Statutes, Ch. 144.
LUST, Ch. 101
Ch. 91
Ch. 145
Ch. 162
Ch. 147
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General environmental provisions.
May 1964 legislation provides for
2-tiered ground-water standards (preven-
tive action and enforcement); a compensa-
tion fund for contaminated private water
wells; the development of a ground-water
monitoring system; laboratory certifica-
tion; an environmental repair fund for
Investigating, ranking, and repairing
waste disposal sites; and other miscel-
laneous provisions including authority
to "zone" for ground-water protection,
new programs to control salt piles,
and storage of bulk products like pes-
ticides and fertilizers.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
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STATE: WISCONSIN
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resourcea/Ground-Water
Coordinating Council
3.2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources is developing administrative rules to implement Wisconsin
Act 410, following the statutory schedule. The state la conducting a pilot ground-water protection plan in one
county that will lead to a state-wide ground-water management plan. There are cooperative projects with USGS, the
University of Wisconsin, and the state Geological Survey.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The policy in the May 1984 ground-water legislation provides: "The legislature intends to minimize the
concentration of polluting substances In ground water through the use of numerical standards in all ground-water
regulatory programs. The numerical standards will become criteria for the protection of public health and
welfare, to be achieved in ground-water regulatory programs concerning the substances for which standards are
adopted. To this end, the legislation intends that: ... to establish an administrative process which will
produce numerical standards. . . the enforcement and preventive action limits will be adopted independent of any
regulatory programs . . . and will provide adequate safeguards for public health and welfare."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yea, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3*2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
The standards are two-tiered: one tier for preventive action, and one tier for enforcement.
Yes X No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Draft administrative rules will establish standards for public health and welfare concerns, including
contaminants in drinking water from metals, pesticides, and organics.
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STATE: WISCONSIN
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Departaent of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Water
Resources Management
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of
Water Supply
Departaent of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Solid
Waste Management6
Department of
Health and
Social Services
Department of
Agriculture, Trade
and Consumer
Protection
Departaent of
Industry, Labor
and Human Relations
Departaent of
Transportation
State Geological
Survey
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X«
X*
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
!
OIC*
X
PWS»
X
P8°
xh
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
Oround-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
xJ
Otbei
x'
Xj
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
"Develops standards for substances that are public welfare concern; establishes standards by rule.
eManages Superfund.
fSpills.
^Recommends enforcement standards and preventive action limits that are public health concern (non-regulatory role).
"Pesticide use.
^Regulates storage of flammable and combustible liquids; and septic tanks.
^Regulates bulk storage of de-icing material.
-357-
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BTATBs VXSCOMII
3.1. XnUr-Afenojr
Topic*
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-Mater contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Coordination of non-regulatory
programs and exchange of
information
Cfaeok if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Acr*e«Mts
•ad Agencies
The Department of Agriculture and the Department of Natural
Resources for pesticides. The Department of Natural Resources
and the Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations for
LOST.
USCS and the State Geologic Survey.
An eight-member Ground-water Coordinating Council advises and
assists state agencies in this area.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check If
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Has started mapping of susceptible/critical area. Is
proposing: (1) digital mapping system to develop ground-
water contamination potential map; (2) cooperative project
with USGS to map unoonsolldated aquifers; nnd (3) county
studies by State Geological Survey. The state's draft
Statewide Ground-water Management Plan proposes the
development of an integrated database.
Ambient ground-water quality
See below under "Assessment at waste sites."
Assessment at waste sites (flow
direction, depth to water table, and
siting evaluation)
Resource assessment for approval of siting new wastewater
disposal systems and landfills.
Other (specify)
-358-
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STATES WSCOBSI1
3.6. State ONuad-Mmtw Monitorial Procru
Types of Monitorial
Non-hazardous
Matt* Sit**
Hazardous Mat* sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cneek
z
z
z
z
Brief Description of Monitorial Program
Ground-water monitoring ayatem required for all new
aitea.
See above.
A ayatem la being developed for monitoring uae and
diapoaal.
The atate'a draft Statewide Ground-Water Management
Plan proposes the development of an integrated database.
A state ground-water data systems work group has
completed a study pertaining to data management.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
Xs
Main of
Database
(Specify)
STORETb
'Wisconsin Act 410 requires the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to develop a statewide ground-water
monitoring program.
bThe state uses STORET for surface water quality data, but wants to clean up this data before it considers
expanding the use of STORET for ground water.
3.7. State Prog:
for Public Participation
^ ^^_^ Context
Approaches •— ^_^^
Public hearings, meetings , workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook , other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
iteUr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X«
xb
"Held regional publio meetings on ground-water legislation prior to enactment.
Department of Natural Resources, the State Geological Survey, and the University
extension have produced a 32-page magazine, a narrative slide show, and a speaker's
bureau .
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STATE: WISCONSIN
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Water Supply
Prohibits Classes I-IV.
RCHA
Delegated, Phase I Interim
Authority
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Solid Waste Management
PWS
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Water Supply
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
Aldlcarb problem.
-360-
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STATB: HISCONSIM
4.2. Orant SUtua
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$1(530,000 Environmental impact analysis and lapl
— ground water (360 hours).
itation
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$661,370 Ground-water modelling (790 hours); specific ground-water
modelling (1,600 hours); ground-water policies and
standards (3,850 hours); ground-water management plan
development (3,195 hours).
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
12,645,460
RCRA
Section 3011
$781,900
DIG
$60,900
Ground-water contamination studies (1,01V hours);
professional development (417 hours); public
involvement and technical assistance (1,896
hours); program development and management
(1,106 hours).
rinu
Section 23(a)(1)
$156,900
-361-
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STATE: WXSCOI3XM
5. STATI-OIXOXIATED OIODID-VATEB P10TICTXM PBOGIAMS
5.1. OroMnd-Watar Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Dascriptlon: May 1964 lagislatlon provides for establishment of 2-tiered ground-water standards (preventive
action and enforcement). The state is conducting a pilot ground-water protection plan in coo county that will
lead to statewide ground-water management plan.
PY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: May 1984 legislation provides for development of a ground-water monitoring system.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Beaouroe Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state's draft Ground-Water Management Plan proposes development of an integrated ground-water
database. Other activities include mapping of susceptible/critical areas, and a digital mapping system to develop
a map showing areas of potential ground-water contamination.
TY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-362-
-------
STATE: WISCOISII
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Oround Hater
Description: Wisconsin Act 410 controls discharges to ground water.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Hanage»ent Progre*
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Pragmas
Description: Hay 1964 legislation provides authority to control salt piles and storage of bulk products such as
pesticides and fertilizers.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: May 1984 legislation includes provision for a compensation fund for contaminated private water
wells, and for an environmental repair fund for investigating, ranking, and repairing waste disposal sites.
FY 198J4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
Description: May 1984 legislation Includes authority to "zone" for ground-water protection.
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REGION VI
-------
arm o«oo«p-mTgB PROGRAM SOMKART
STATE: ARKANSAS
1. UTDRB OP THE OROOND-HATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal oharaoteristiOB
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiaaivity, aquifer interoonneotion, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraoteriatloa
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Interior Highland Province
Physiographic
Region/Proriooe B:
Gulf Coastal Plain
Phjraiographio
Ragioo/ProTinoe C:
Percent of atate covered
by till* province (aatiMted)
Approximately
50%
Approximately
50%
Aqulfar(a)
The northwestern half of
Arkansas, the Interior
Highland, is a hilly to
mountainous region. The
bedrock consists of
interbedded shale, sand-
stone, and linestone.
The rooks are relatively
old geologically, and
they have been compacted
and cemented. There are
2 main types of aquifers:
the Interior Highland
consolidated bedrock
aquifer, and the Arkansas
Valley aquifer. In the
first type, water occurs
in fractures, Joints, and
solution channels in
carbonated sandstones and
shales which are generally
less than 100 feet deep.
In the second type, the
alluvium is of Quaternary
age and consists of
unoonsolidated sands,
silts, clays, and gravels
about 65 feet thick.
The Quaternary
(unoonfined) deposits,
especially those of
the Mississippian
alluvium are the most
productive aquifers In
the state, used mostly
for irrigation purposes.
Confined Aquifer(e)
There are two fairly
extensive aquifers in
the Interior Highlands,
the Roubidoux and the
Gfunter, which are found
at depths of 800-2000
feet.
The Gulf Coastal Plain
consists of low hills
and relatively flat
land. The underlying
deposits generally
consist of unoonsol-
idated sands, silts,
clays, and gravels
which are usually
separated by con-
fining layers of clay.
The deposits range In
thickness from almost
nothing by the Interior
Highland boundary to
4,500 feet at the
southern corner of the
state.
The aeoond stoat important
aquifer la the Sparta
Sand, which la a major
eource of drinking water
for ooHunitlM In both
Arkansas and Louialana.
-364-
-------
1.2.
STATE:
of Total
*.
Public Hater Systems
U .Deluding •unloiDal)
Industrial
( except •unlclpel)
Agricultural
Doneatic/Rural
Other (specify):
Wildlife iBpoundaents
Total
% of Total f Ground Hater
Ground Mater of Total Hater
3
2
«3
2
0.1
100.1
1.3. Population BmLUnoa on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
561
1,220,000
Note: Counties la the eastern and southern part are totally dependent on ground
water for drinking water; 76} of ooanunities in the state are totally dependent on
ground water for drinking water.
-365-
-------
STATE:
2.1. Sources (Cbaok major sources of oontaatf nation and rank top four
2 « next most aerioua, etc.)
—If moat serious,
Source Cheok Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills X*
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X°
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Spills X
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xb
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
*RCRA monitoring reports indicate serious contamination in wells surrounding eight sites in the state. Some
are located in recharge areas of major aquifers. (See draft, USOS Report 184, Ground-Water Problems in Arkansas.
partially funded by ADPC4E and delivered to the EPA, Dallas, Water Programs Section.)
bSalt water intrusion in eastern Arkansas oontinues to increase. The worst area is in Monroe County near
Brinkley. Other areaa are in Chioot, Deaha, Independence, and White counties.
°Brine pita in south Arkansas and salt water intrusion into the El dorado and Magnolia public supplies are a
source of concern.
2.2. Oontamlnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
Xa
X
X
X
..
Metals X
Radioactive material
xb
Pesticides ___
Other (specify)
x°
*In northwest Arkansas, nitrates are a major problem to rural domestic wells. Partly because of this nitrate
problem, most of the larger communities have switched to surface water.
Naturally occurring.
"Levels of increasingly higher sodium have been detected in municipal water supplies in southern and eastern
Arkansas.
-366-
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STATE: ARKANSAS
3. STATE GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT STROCTDRE
3.1. State Statutes Pertainii« to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Maae/Bo.
Deaoriptlon of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Arkansas Water and Air Pollution
Control Act, Act 472, as amended
This act gives the Department of
Pollution Control and Ecology the
authority to protect the quality of the
state's waters, including ground water.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Same as above.
Same as above.
Solid waste
Arkansas Solid Waste Management Act,
Act 237 of 1971; Arkansas Solid Waste
Management Code, Act 238 of 1973
General sanitation regulations
Act 402 of 1977
General sanitation regulations prohibit
the contamination of the ground water.
Act 402 of 1977 gives the Health
Department the authority to develop
regulations for septic tanks and review
use of septic tanks, and sets up rules and
regulations for sewage disposal systems
and installers.
Hazardous waste
The Hazardous Materials Transportation
Act of 1977, Act 421 of 1977
(Arkansas Transportation Commission)
Rules and Regulations Governing
Transport of Hazardous Waste
(Arkansas Transportation Commission)
Railroad Transportation Procedures of
Hazardous Materials, Act 651 of 1979
Mining
Arkansas Surface Coal Mining and
Reclamation Act of 1979, Act 134 of
1979
Arkansas Open Cut Land Reclamation Act,
Act 336 of 1977
Oil and gas
Act 105 of 1939 Oil and Gas Regulations
Permits injection wells.
Other (specify):
Agency enabling
legislation
Salt water/field
waste control
Water quality standards
Pesticides, herbicides
control
Act 96 of 1913 gives the Health
Department Board the power to develop
regulations to control pollution.
Regulation No. 1 for the Prevention of
Pollution by Salt Water and Other Field
Wastes Produced by Wells in New Fields
or Pools.
Regulation No. 2, as amended, Arkansas
Water Quality Standards Interim
Revisions
Pest Control Law, Act 488 of 1975
Pesticide Control Act and Regulations,
Act 410 of 1975
Pesticide Use and Application Act and
Regulations Act 389 of 1975
-367-
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STATE: A1UISAS
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general atate statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-368-
-------
STATE: AMAMSAS
3.2.2. Development of Oround-Vater Policy
3.2.2.1. IB there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering eoonlttee: Department of Pollution Control and Ecology for quality; Soil and
Hater Conservation Commission for quantity
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
A ground-water strategy is being put together with 208 funds under the state Hater Quality Management
Plan. Drafts of this strategy along with completed reports from this project have been sent to EPA, Dallas, Hater
Programs and Ground-Hater Protection Sections.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-369-
-------
ST1TBI allAISaS
3.3. SUU Aganoy »>apnna1hnitlaB for
Protection
•A.IMM •< XI *
SUU
Agency
Department of
Pollution Control
and Ecology
Department of Health
SUU Plant Board
Forestry Commission
Soil and Vater
Conservation
Conmisslon
Geological
Commission
Oil and Gas
Commission
Orouod-
UaUr
tAKnv/
Rule/
Standard
r«
•out
X
lerally-
me"
X
X
Del*t*tei
r»b
X
i Progi
K°
X
rva
Other
X*1
teu
Colleo-
Uon.
afliilfer
Happing,
•to.
X
Hater
Quality
X
9«f1
WtlCB
X
iM«iii»^
WB^VB^^B)
X
ProUe.
ttea
fro«
load
Oe-ielax
Othei
X«
X1
*
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
^US = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department also iapleaents aost Clean Water Act programs such as the Section 206, 106, and construction grants
programs that have an indirect lapact.
"The Department also regulates construction and use of septic tanks.
rThe Commission oversees use of BMP pesticides in aUU forests.
*The Commission is charged with composing and updating Sute Water Plan.
-370-
-------
STATE: ABUM3A3
3.4. Inter-Agency Acreeaenta
Topics
OMQk If
Applicable
DMorlptioo of
•ad Agencies
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
The State Interagenoy Oround-Water Steering Conmittee was put
together as part of the 206 Oround-Water Strategy Task. The
Steering Committee provides guidance and reviews projects
connected with the development of that strategy.
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
The Oil and Oas Commission and the Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology have a memorandum of understanding to
cooperate in the administration of the state's UIC program.
The former is responsible for Class II wells while the
Department of Pollution Control and Ecology is responsible
for all other classes, except for Class V bromine-related
wells which are administered Jointly by thn two agencies.
Ground-water contamination incidents
The Department of Pollution Control and Ecology and the Health
Department have an agreement for emergency response under which
the Department of Pollution Control and Ecology will handle
whatever cleanup is necessary, and the Health Department will
handle threats to public health.
Geological survey
The Arkansas Geological Conmission has several cooperative
agreements with the U.S. Geological Survey,Water Resources
Division, including a ground-water survey, a stream gauging
program, and a water quality program. The Director of the
Oeologioal Commission serves on the Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology Commission and the state's Natural Resource
Committee.
Other (specify):
Leaking storage tank control
(note RCRA II changes)
Through the office of the State Fire Marshall, interagenoy
coordination meetings have been held on the problem of leaking
storage tanks.
-371-
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STATE: ARKANSAS
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Raaouroa Assessment AotlTltlea
AotlTlty
Cbaok if
Applicable
Daaoriptioo of AotlTltlaa
Oround-tmtar raaouroaa assessment
(aquifar mapping, ato.)
Ongoing oooparativa projects between tha Oaologioal Commission
and USOS inoluda a ground-water aurvey, a atraaa gauging
program and a watar quality program. Other USOS activities
Inoluda: trying to determine tha aalt water aouroaa in aquifers
at El Dorado, Brinklay, and Eudora; mapping daap aquifers in
north Arkansas; maintaining a file of drillers* logs of all
water wells drilled in Arkansas; maintaining a file of
geophysical logs of selected water walla used in various
projects; and maintaining a repository of aaleotad wall samples
for study.
Ambient ground-watar quality
Assessment at waata sites
Other (specify):
01C
Under the UIC program, the Soil and Water Conservation
Commission and USOS undertook to conduct aquifer identification
and characteristics projects for tha Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology. Tha State Soil and Water Conservation
Commission completed the following projects: 1} an inventory of
public water aupply wells; 2) an inventory of locations of
irrigation walla; 3) atate maps with county boundaries, one map
for each aquifer showing aquifer boundaries and location of
public water wells; and 4) state maps showing total population
served by ground water in each county. USOS completed the
following projects: 1) approximately 20 maps for each aquifer
in the Coastal Plain showing overlying and underlying aquifers,
thickness, potentlometric surface, and TDS concentration; 2)
four cross-sections showing aquifers and dlasolved-solids
concentration; and 3) a hydrogeologic narrative describing
lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality in
aquifers of the Coastal Plain.
-372-
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STATB:
3.6. State
Monitoring
Types of Monitoring
Mon-hasardous
NMte sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Hater quantity
monitoring
Irrigation mil
monitoring
Project-specific
monitoring
_
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
SOM 17 sites are sjonltored on a slte-speoifio basis
under the federal RCRA prograai. Newly permitted land-
fills are now required to install ground-water •onitor-
ing wells and report results on a quarterly basis.
QSCS Monitors 26 water quality wells on a flve-a-year
basis. The ohesloal date from these staples are
published every two years. (The Health Department
•onltors trl-snnually about 435 ooammltles using
ground-water for those parameters identified in the
Safe Drinking Hater Act. Bacteriological samples
are analysed on a monthly basis.)
0803 and the State Geological Commission Jointly
monitor water levels for over 200 wells, sad publish a
yearly water-level report.
The Soil Conservation Service has begun a special 11-
oounty Irrigation well monitoring survey, mostly for
water levels; some testing for nitrates has also been
done.
Many wells are sampled and some monitoring wells are
established for particular ground-water projects in
the state (e.g., the salt water contamination in the
Sparta Sand, Kl Dorado area, and in Quaternary
aquifers in the Brinkley and Budora areas).
Monitoring
Date
Computerised
(Check)
X
•erne of
Database
(Specify)
STORE!
3.7. State
for Public Participation
"""" ---^^^ Context
Approaches -^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Nestings with local officials
Citisens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific j
Ground- Regulation Ground- i
•**r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X X X
X«
*The Health Department Informs the public through public notices of Safe Drinking
Water Act violations.
-373-
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STATE: ARKANSAS
4. STATE IMPLBMEITATIOM OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOID VATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Oousual/Ioteworthy
Progru Characteristics
DIC
Delegated
Class I, III, IV:
Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
Class II: Oil and Das
Coonisaion
Class V: Oil and Gas
Commission, and
Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
The Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology is the lead
agency; it works jointly on
Class V responsibilities with
the Oil and Gas Commission.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I, A, B, C
Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
State regulations are more
stringent than the Federal
regulations; health monitoring
is required at new commercial
facilities.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Exceeds EPA's 1985 compliance
goals.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
State Plant Board
-374-
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STATE: ABKAHSAS
4.2. Gnat Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$800,000 These funds will be applied to the coordination and
administration of the ground-water strategy task and
policies.
Clean Water Act
Section 205CJ)
$160,030
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$610,120 The facility planning portion of the grant process
includes planning for protection of ground water.
RCRA
Section 3011
$350,700 Ground-water monitoring will be required of 17
treatment, storage, or disposal sites.
UIC
$148,200
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$165,000
None
-375-
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STATE: ARIAMSIS
5. STITE-OHIGHITED GBOOBD-HATBB PBOTBCTIOI PBOCBANS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and claasifioation)
Description: A ground-water strategy la being put together with 208 funds under the state Hater Quality
Management Plan. Drafts of this strategy, along with completed reports, have been submitted to the EPA in Dallas,
Water Programs and Ground-Water Protection Sections.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: About 135 communities using ground water are monitored tri-annually by the Health Department for
those parameters called for under the Safe Drinking Hater Act. Bacteriological samples are analyzed on a monthly
basis.
Newly permitted landfills are required to install ground-water monitoring wells and report results quarterly.
Monitoring for salt water contamination is conducted in the Sparta Sand (El Dorado area) and the Quaternary
aquifers (Brinkley and Eudora area).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Asaesaaent/Aqulfer Study/Mapping
Description: The USGS has developed approximately 20 aquifer maps revealing contours, thickness, and
potentiometric surfaces. A hydrogeologic narrative describing lithology, hydrologie characteristics and water
quality in aquifers of the Coastal Plain has also been completed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The State Plant Board is in charge of pesticides enforcement.
FY 1984 Funding: $160,000
Funding Source:
-376-
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STATE: aXKalSaS
5.5. Pwaita/Cootrol of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Water Veil Conmlttee registers and licenses water well drillers and contractors.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Health Department has a statewide permit and inspection program for septic tank systems. It is
conducted by the County Sanitarian who approves applications for installation and conducts on-site inspections
prior to operation.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Through the office of the State Fire Marshall, interagency coordination meetings have been held on
the problem of leaking storage tanks. No funds have yet been appropriated.
FY 19Bi» Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Pollution Control and Ecology is responsible for contamination incident clean-up,
while the Department of Health handles threats to public health.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
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5TATK: LOUISIANA
TO OMOUMttTM •R300RCB
1.1. Qaolagle aad lytfrolaglo
(1.*. formations, rook types,
of contamination).
Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
•real extent and thickness, transmlasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
;loa/r>ovlnee A:
Southwestern
Pnyslographle
Ragion/Provimoa B:
Baton Rout* Area
C:
Baton Roue*/
New Orlaana ATM
off atate
by tfcl» pmv
Aquifer(s)
Thla ar«a la
by a thlok aaquancM of
aoutbarly and aouth-
aastcrly dipping Intwr-
baddad cravala, aanda,
allta, and elaya tbat
hatra baan dividad Into
the Qtlcot, Svangellna,
and Jaapar Aquifers.
The Chloot Rasenrolr
underlies cost of south-
western Louisiana and
axtands an unknown dis-
tance beneath the Gulf
of Mexico. The beds of
clay, sand, silt, and
gravel varies in thick-
ness fra 100-800 feet.
It is recharged primarily
by precipitation. The
Evangeline and Jasper
Reservoirs consist of
unconsolidated fine to
•ediuB-grained sand
ranging between 200-
3,100 feet thick.
This area is underlain
by a ooaplex sequence
of continental and
•arlne aediaents. The
alluvlua and older
artesian aquifers
range between 100-
2,800 feet deep.
Alluvial deposits of
recent and Pleistocene
ages are Halted to
the floodplain of the
Mississippi River near
Baton Rouge. These
deposits are approx-
imately 80f water-
bearing sands and
gravel, and 20f silt
and clay.
This area la part of
the upper deltalo plain
of the Mleeiealppl
River. Fresh water
aquifers are Halted to
the upper 600 feet of
aedlaent by salt water
enoroachajant •
Confined Aouifer(a)
j
Motes: All of the above physiographic region aquifers are unconfined in the outcrop areas. However, the complex
fades changes results in these aquifers being artesian in nature down dip from the outcrop area. For the most
part it is the artesian portion of the above aquifers that are utilized, especially for municipal, irrigation, or
industrial use.
-378-
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STATE: L00ISZAIA
1. MATURE OF TBB CROWD-MATER RISOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Charaotariatios. Describe general geological and hydrologleal oharaoteriatios
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transnissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cteraotoristlos
Pcroeat of atata oorared
by tbl» prorinoe (•atima.ted)
ObooafiMd Iquifer(a)
Confined Aquifer(B)
nyslofrapoio Pnyaiographlo Ftqraiugrtpblo
Regioo/Prorinoe D: Region/ProTiaoe Is Region/Prorioo* F:
Northern and Central
Southeastern Louisiana
This area is underlain
by a series of deposits
yielding small to large
amounts of ground •water.
Three of the more
important aquifers are
the Sparta Sand of the .
Claiborne Group, the
Wiloox Group, and the
Quaternary Alluvium of
the Red River.
The Sparta Aquifer
varies between JfOO»
1,200 feet thick and is
composed of several
quasi -connected, thick
beds of sand.
The aquifers of the
tfilcox Group yield water
in northwestern
Louisiana, and are
composed of a sequence
of thin beds of lignltlc
sands, silty sand, sandy
and silty clay, and clay.
The Quaternary alluvial
deposits located in
northwestern and central
Louisiana consist of an
upper level of clay and
silt with sand and
gravel in the lower
half. The thickness
varies from less than
50 feet in central and
northern Louisiana to
3,500 feet near the
coast .
Enormous quantities of Artesian conditions occur
soft, drinkable water in portions of the above
are available from aquifers, including the
Miocene sands to depths Quaternary deposits where
exceeding 3,500 fe*t in artesian and water table
aone places. conditions exist.
I
-379-
-------
8TATI: LOOXSXm
1.2. Prlaary OSM of Qrouad Hater ai Percent of Total Usage
DM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except aunioipal)
Agricultural
Domcatio /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% ot Total t Orouad Hater*
Oround Hater of Total Water
15 44
26b 15°
56d 80«
3 93
100
'Total withdrawals: 7,770 MOD.
Includes: industrial—23 J 5 power—3*.
"includes: industrial—14J; power—1J.
dlncludes: agriculture—53>i aquaoulture—3$.
'includes: agriculture--U7*J aquaculture—-33}.
Notes: Figures on "c" and "e" above appear misleading due
to combining of aquaculture categories.
1.3. Population Reliance oa Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Dcowatio
Syatew Holla
38J 17*
1,520,000 680,000
Total
55»
2,200,000
-380-
-------
2.1.
— i
Source amok tank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfllla
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, aarfaoe
impoundmenta)
Other landfills X
Surface impoundments X*
(excluding oil and
gas brine pita)
Oil and gaa brine pita X*
underground atorege X
tanks
Other (specify):
Saltwater injection X
walla
Hazardous waste X
underground
injection
•mart. Qteak tek
Injection walla
Abandoned naaardoua
aaate altea
maculated hazardous
waate altes
X
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X
Road salting
retro-chemical and wood
preserving Industries
Poorly constructed and
abandoned wells
Contaminated water
piping
X
xc
*Ihe greatest potential risk to ground-water contamination aay be the result of iaproperly constructed and/or
maintained surface iapoundments and from salt water injection walla.
^Sources of ground-water contamination have been identified from the petro-cnemical and wood preserving
industries, and primarily involve creosote and chlorinated organic compounds with specific gravities greater than
water. There does not appear to be a major problem involving other hazardous constituents or heavy metals.
Sources related to the petro-cbemioal induatry are not necessarily related to waste management facilities, but
often involve manufacturing and process areas, with contamination originating from product aplllage and/or
leaking pipelines, storage, tanks, raw material transfer lines, or chemical aumpa and drains designed for the
collection of accidental spills or routine maintenance runoff.
°There is a widespread occurrence of moderately corrosive ground-water which is often not corrected by treatment
before use. Tola la a cause for concern due to the Introduction of corrosion products into the water from the
corrosion of pipe and pipe joint materials. A common corrosion product appears to be lead which arises
from the corrosion of pipe joint material la houae and service lines. ww" "* "™ "nwn ""•"•
-381-
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2.2.
(check)
it"t«ng Substances
STATE: L00I3XAIA
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
1C
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
•There is the natural occurrence of flouride in 13 community public water supplies at levels that exceed the state
and Federal standard of 1.6 mg/1 and which are as high as 4 ng/1.
bln some areas of the state, depleted aquifers are resulting in increasing salinities.
GSodiun la naturally occurring in many smaller supplies at levels of health significance of up to 400 mg/1. There
is also the widespread natural occurrence of contaminants with significant, but non-health, effects, such as iron
and manganese.
-382-
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STATE: L00I3XAIA
3. STATE CROOVD-HATBB MAMAGBME&T STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/Ko.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control
Louisiana Water Control Law,
L.R.S. 30:1091-1096
This law provides for regulation of activities
which result in the discharge of substances Into
the waters of the state Including ground
waters. Section 1095 prohibits any such
activity without the appropriate permit or
license required under regulations adopted
pursuant to the law.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
L.R.S. 10:1148
Regulates treatment and distillation systems
and monitors drinking water quality.
Solid waste
The Louisiana Solid Haste
Management and Resource Recovery
Law, L.R.S. 30:1121-1125.
Hazardous waste
The Louisiana Solid Waste
Management and Resource Recovery
Law, L.R.S. 30:1121-1125.
The law provides for the monitoring of drinking
water wells which provide public water supplies
located near commercial hazardous waste
facilities; requires that the regulations
regarding the treatment, storage, and disposal
of hazardous waste Insure that the water
supplies of the state are protected; provides
for a Hazardous Waste Protection Fund from which
monies can be used to maintain closed hazardous
waste facilities to protect ground waters;
provides for the cleanup of abandoned or
inactive hazardous waste sites in the state—it
includes provisions which would allow the
secretary to order the responsible person to
test, monitor, and analyze to ascertain the
extent of the hazard; provides for a Hazardous
Waste Site Cleanup Fund from which monies are
available to pay for the cleanup of hazardous
waste sites; provides for the identification and
response to inactive and abandoned hazardous
waste site; provides that no person shall
discharge into any underground waters of the
state any hazardous waste except in accordance
with the underground injection program, or in
accordance with a permit Issued under the Water
Pollution Control Law.
Mining
L.R.S. 30:902(B), 30:803,
30:23(B)(2), 30:1150.2(A)(2)
Surface mining, geothermal development activity
use of salt domes, and resource recovery
activity are also mandated to use all reasonable
precautions to protect the environment and to
prevent pollution of state waters.
Oil and gas
L.R.S.
Requires that the drilling, casing, and plugging
of wells be done in a manner to prevent the
pollution of fresh water aupplles by oil, gas,
or salt water.
Other (specify):
UIC
L.R.S. 30:4(C)(16)
Water Control Law, Act 190,
Section 1096F
Subsurface Injection wella and all surface and
storage facilities incidental to oil and gas
exploration and production are to be regulated
in such a manner as to prevent the escape of a
waste product into fresh ground-water aquifers, j
-383-
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STATE: LODISIAIA
3.2. SUt* Orounrt Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground -water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
-384-
-------
STATE: LOUISIANA
Tea X No
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Quality
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (later-agency agreeMnta, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
State agencies nave Jointly produced a ground-water program description. The Department of
Environmental Quality and the Department of Natural Resources (Office of Conservation, Injection and Mining
Division), the Department of Transportation and Development (Office of Public Works), Louisiana Geological Survey,
and the Regional Ground-Water Commission which Is closely associated with the OSGS, routinely exchange information
or engage in joint inspections and reporting as necessary in regard to problem areas. Also, the Department of
Environmental Quality now has a Ground-Water Protection Advisory Group. The Department of Environmental Quality
using a ground-water program grant (under CHA Section 106) will, through the PAC and formation of a Technical and
a Policy Advisory Committee, develop a state ground-water management plan.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-385-
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STATC: LOOZSXAM
3.3. State
le* for
[-Mater Protection
Beaponalble
State
Aftooy
Coital Area Ground-
Water Conservation
Commission
Department of Natural
Resources, Office of
Conservation*
Department of Natural
Resources, Louisiana
Geological Surrey*
Department of Health
and Human Resources,
Office of Preventive
and Public Health
Services
Office of Conserva-
tion, Injection and
Mining Division
Department of
Agriculture, Office
of Agriculture and
Environmental
Sciences
Department of
Environmental
Quality, Office
of Hazardous and
Solid Waste8
Department of
Environmental
Quality, Office of
Water Resources
Department of
Transportation and
Development, Office
of Public Works'1
Mater
Policy/
•ill*/
Standard
X
BOA
X
uxc*
X
X
ns»
X
1 araTOfffWrnl
R°
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
NWPIB*.
•to.
X
X
X
X
Miter
Quality
X
X
X
Soil
vatlon
JH««^
X
X
Protec-
tion
from
load
De-leing
Othei
*UIC r Underground Injection Control.
kpws * Public Water System.
°PE s Pesticides Enforcement.
^Regulates injection/disposal operations related to oil and gas, hazardous waste, and lignite surface mining, geothermal
fells, and salt dome storage.
'Provides technical assistance to other state agencies upon request. Such assistance is often aimed at aquifer research
and subsurface geologic mapping. Disposal zone studies are aimed at deep well injection of hazardous wastes.
fImplements sewage disposal regulations; conducts water quality monitoring and special studies of drinking water quality.
^Reviews ground-water sampling and laboratory analyses on a statewide basis with attention to analytical trends and
statistical results. Appropriate enforcement action is initiated as necessary, and is the primary mechanism used to
ensure that an adequate ground-water protection system is maintained.
^Establishes water well standards and abandonment procedures, and licenses water well drillers; works cooperatively with
the USCS in collecting water data and sponsoring special investigations.
-386-
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STATE: LOUX3XM1
3.4. Intor-Aganoy
Toploa
Protection of speoiflo aqulfera
Policy ud strategy development
Ground-water dlachargea
Underground Injection control
Ground-water oontamination inoldenta
Geological aurvey
Other (apeoify):
Information exchange
Data coordination
Check if
ipplloable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agpeeawita
and Ageaoiea
Capital Area Ground-Water Conaervation Conmiaalon
Department of Environmental Quality Adviaory Group
Water Resources Study Commission
Information exchange among various agencies.
Louisiana Geological Survey has agreements or working
arrangements with the Office of Conservation, Injection and
Mining Division, the Department of Environmental Quality, Office
of Hazardous and Solid Waste, the Louisiana Water Resources
Study Commission, and the Office of Water Reaouroea, Water
Pollution Control Division.
The Department of Environmental Quality and the Department of
Natural Resources, Office of Conservation, Injection and Mining
Division, the Department of Transportation and Development,
Office of Public Works, Louisiana Geologioal Survey, and the
Regional Ground-Water Comoiaaion which la closely associated
with the CSOS, routinely exchange information or engage in Joint
inspections and reporting aa necessary in regard to problem
areas. Also, the Department of Environmental Quality now has a
Ground-Water Protection Adviaory Group.
The Water Data Coordinating Committee.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Reaource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Well inventory
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted an aquifer
identification and characterization study, an aquifer exemption
study, a critical aquifer mapping study, a sole-source aquifer
study, a shallow ground -water study, and a recharge atudy. In
addition, the Capital Area Ground -Water Conservation Commission
has a cooperative agreement with the USGS to model the principal
aquifers of the Baton Rouge area. Ground-water flow models for
2,000 ft. sand, 1,500-1,700 ft. sand, and 400-600 ft. sand are
underway or completed.
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted a baseline water
quality atudy.
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted a disposal zone study,
a radioactive tracer/cement bond log atudy of injection well
Integrity, and a best management practices atudy for waste
disposal in areas of shallow ground-water interaction.
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted a water well and
an injection well inventory.
-387-
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STATI: LOOISIAIA
3.6. State Oround-ltater Monitoring Progiva
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste aitM
Hazardous waste sites
Salt watsr
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Public water supply
monitoring
Other:
Oil and Oas
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring freer**
Monitoring required under the RCRA prograa.
The Offloe of Preventive and Public Health Services
has a ground-water quality monitoring program, which
la primarily comprised of the routine aonitoring for
the inorganic chemicals on a five year cycle at all
community public water supplies using ground-water
sources. In addition, the mandatory (primary)
inorganic contaminants as well as the inorganic
chemicals are monitored In the distribution systems
of each supply on a three year cycle. These two
monitoring activities are coordinated to eliminate
redundancy. Zn addition, under the Offloe of Public
Works/USOS Cooperative Program, there are 764 ground -
water monitoring wells, 115 for quality monitoring
and 619 for water level monitoring.
The Office of Conservation requires aonitoring as
needed on a site speoifio basis.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cheek)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-^^^ Context
Approaches --^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground -
Miter Permit
T series Issuance
X X
X
Specific
Regulation Ground-
Adoption , Water
Changes Strategy Other
X X«
X
X
X
X
X*
*For the Capital Area Ground-Hater Conservation Commission the principal means of public participation is by board
meetings and by the dissemination of information on an Irregular basis using a newsletter.
-388-
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STATE: LOQISIAIA
4. STATE IKPLEMEITATIM Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOID HATER
4.1. Pr<«ruiSUtua
Federal
Pragma
Status of Program Delegation
State Implaawntiog Agency
Ofaucual/motevorthy
Program Charactariatlcs
Delegated - all fire classes
Office of Conservation,
Injection and Mining
Division
RCRA
Delegated — Phase 1 and
Phase 2 interim authorization
Department of Environmental
Quality
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Hunan Resources, Office
of Health Services and
Environmental Quality
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
One noteworthy program
characteristic of the Louisiana
Pesticide Law is that commercial
applicators are not permitted to
generate waste materials. This is
accomplished through requiring the
uae of the rinsate from the
pesticide containers and
application equipment to be
recycled and used on compatible
crops. The Louisiana Pesticide
Law exceeds the requirements of
both the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,
and the Resource, Conservation,
and Recovery Act.
-389-
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STATE: LOUISIANA
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
1985 Allocation
Speolflo Ground-Miter
ProJeote/Taaka and Budget
Clean Htter Act
Section 106
$1.980,760
(Federal and State)
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
Not yet
allocated for
FI 1984/1985
None Identified
Clean Water Aot
Section 205 (t)
$1,076,000
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,900,393
(Federal and State)
Hoat related to ground water arc monitoring and
compliance, enforcement, compliance and monitoring.
Fart B applications, total Federal/state funds:
$721,212.
UIC
$521,260
(Federal and State)
Entire program for ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$197,700 Federal
58.276 State
$255,976
Ground-water efforts not yet identified.
-390-
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STATE: LOOISIABA
5. STiTB-OIIGIlirED GROOND-VATEB PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
PI I960 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality ground-water monitoring coordinator, the senior engineering
geologist in the Hazardous Waste Division and the project engineer in the Solid Waste Division review ground-water
sanpling and laboratory analyses on a statewide basis with attention to analytical trends and statistical
results. Static water elevations from the monitoring grid are of prime Importance in determining the
effectiveness of installed systems. These elevations may reveal a need for modifications, based on seasonal
variations In ground-water directional flow or regional geology. Appropriate enforcement action is Initiated as
necessary, and dependent upon the circumstances, is the primary mechanism used to insure that an adequate ground-
water protection system is maintained at all times. Of the approximate 75 facilities in Louisiana now requiring
ground-water monitoring, 41 have had enforcement action taken, and of this number, 29 have been issued an Order
with the possibility of a penalty assessment. The Department of Health and Human Services requires monitoring of
all public water supplies including those on ground water. USGS monitors selected wells (cooperative program with
Capitol Area Ground-Water Conservation Commission). The Office of Conservation requires ground-water monitoring
on an as needed basis. The Office of Public Works/uSGS cooperative program monitors 761 wells, 115 for quality
and 619 for water levels.
FX 1961 Funding:
Funding Source: Through various programs
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Host of the following aquifer studies originated as ideas and work proposals at the state level with
Input at the Federal level: 1) Injection Well Inventory; 2) Aquifer Identification and Characterization Study; 3)
Water Well Inventory; 1) Ground-Water Heat Pump Inventory; 5) Base-Line Water Quality Study; 6) Aquifer Exemption
Studies; 7) Disposal Zone Studies; 8) Technical Assistance Program to OC; 9) Radioactive Tracer/Cement Bond Long
Study; and 10) Critical Aquifer Mapping Study. The studies are the result of the UIC program through the Office
of Conservation.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: 75J Federal, 252 state, where funded under UIC program, as described above,
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-391-
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STATE: LODX3XAM
5.5. Pwvlts/Cootrol of Dlsoharfu to Qround Hater
Description: The state has a comprehensive program for prevention of discharges to ground-water from solid and
hazardous waste sites. Ground-water policies of the Hazardous Haste and Solid Haste Divisions, the Department of
Environmental Quality address all known land management facilities involving each division. Operators are
routinely required to report on the status of ground-water quality associated to these operations, and are
periodically inspected by the Department of Environmental Quality for compliance with ground-water monitoring
regulations. Open discovery or notice that ground-water contamination has been identified by an operator, the
Department of Environmental Quality routinely orders the operator under threat of penalty assessment, to delineate
the full extent of the problem, identify the source, Initiate remedial measures and elimination of the source.
Health and broad environmental risk assessments relative to the ground-water problem are a routine requirement of
the Department of Environmental Quality Order (enforcement mechanisism).
In addition, the statewide UIC program (in the Office of Conservation, Department of Natural Resources)
regulates disposal/injection from oil and gas activities, hazardous waste facilities, and from lignite surface
mining activities, in order to control discharges to ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality emergency response program in cooperation with the Louisiana
State Police, Hazardous Materials Division, routinely addresses problems of leaking underground*gasoline or
hazardous materials which may be a threat to surface of shallow ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: Well Construction Controls
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Hazardous and Solid Waste routinely advises
operators engaged in ground-water monitoring, subsurface explorational drilling or locating contamination, of
Louisiana's requirements for water wells and water well drillers, La. R.S. 38:3098, which is under the
jurisdiction of the DOTD (Office of Public Works) as a precaution to insure against downhole or cross
contamination of water bearing strata.
Other ground-water protection programs originated at the state level include the water well registration and
abandonment procedures and the water well driller's licensing program. The Office of Public Works is the
implementing agency for both programs. State appropriations fund the well registration and abandonment program at
an approximate level of $85,000 per year. The well drillers' licensing program is funded with self-generated fees
at an approximate level of $25,000 per year.
-392-
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STATK:
MXXCO
1. •MOBS or m OMMB-WTIB usomci
1.1.
Describe general geological and hydrologioal oasreoteristica
(i.e. formations, rook typos, areal extant and thickness, transmisaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of eoBtaalaation).
nqraiatrapblo
Baglon/ProeiBM A:
Alluvium
ffhysiographic
Beglon/Frovlaoe B:
Basin Fill
Hiyel mi aphic
BatlnniTrnTlnrn C:
QKallala Formation
of state
by this
Aavlfv(s)
Quaternary Age, valley-
fill and terrace
deposits, unoonsolldated
sanda, gravels, silts,
and clays; saturated
thickness 0-350 feet
(typically 50 feet).
Quaternary and Late
Tertiary **e, litholojy
sisdlar to alluviua
but finer grained;
interbedded plateau
basalts and pyroolastics;
saturated thickness
0-5,000 feet
(typically 500 feet).
Tertiary Age, unconsoll-
datod or Boai-consolidated
sand, silt, and clay,
saturated thickness 0-300
feet (typically 100 feet).
CbDflaad ««ulfer(s)
Note: Mew Mexico contains aany potential fresh water aquifers which, for planning purposes, nave been categorized
into the six basic types listed above. The vulnerability of the various aquifers to contamination can be assessed
by combining the aquifer characteristics of toe aquifer types with characteristics of the vadoae sone. Because
New Mexico is generally arid, the depth to the water table is 200-500 feet over such of the western part of the
state. Confining beds or caliche layer* also offer protection in
areas.* More vulnerable areas have shallow
water tables or highly permeable recharge sones such aa fractured limestones (e.g., portions of the San Andres
formation).
"Therefore, portions of all the aquifer types (Regions A through F) are confined.
-393-
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STATIi BV MXXCO
1. UTOII (V TBS 010019-VATM USOQ1CE
1.1.
Brdrelacle Caaraoteriatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extant and thickness, tranamliaivity, aquifer int«roonn«otion, extant
of oontaMnatlon).
D:
Sandatonaa
•aclon/Proriao* I:
Carbonataa
nqralographio
•aciOB/Provinoa F:
Other
Paroeat of atata oovored
by thla prorlaoa (Mtlaatad)
DtoooBflaad Aqulfar(s)
Paleoroio to early
Tertiary Age, oonaolidated
aandatonea with aaturated
thickness of 0-1,000 feet
(typically 200 feet).
Examples include Dakota,
Santa Roaa, Chinle,
Olorieta, Norriaon, and
other fomationa.
Late Paleotoio or
Haaoioio A(e, fractured
and/or cavernous liae-
atonea, aaturated
thickness 0-1,500 feet
(typically 300 feet).
Examples: aofflc facias
of San Andrea, Bone
Springs, and Seven
Rivera formations.
Various age igneous rooks,
•eUmorphio rooks, shales
with ailty and sandy
horizons, and minor aand-
atonea and limestones not
included in units D and E
above. Examples: Lava
flows, Manooa and Pierre
shales, and crystalline
roclcs.
Coafiaed Aquifar(a)
-394-
-------
STATE: nv MEXICO
1.2. Prlaary Dan of Orouod Mater u Paroent of Total Oaage
DM
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Minerals
Power
Military, recreation,
commercial
Total
1 of Total % Ground Utter
Oround Hater of Total Hater
8.2
0.1
84. 6a
1.2
3.7
0.9
3.3
100.0
•includes 0.9% livestock and 83.7% irrigation.
1.3* Population Reliance on Ground Vater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1984
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Syst«B8
90*
1,091,750
Domestic
Hells
100J
208,250
Total
95*
1,300,000
-395-
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3TATK: BH MEXICO
2.1. tairoM (Gbaok major sources of
2 * ant •oat aerioua, ate.)
Ltion and rank top four — 1 » most serious,
Source Check lank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments Xs
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits Xb
Underground storage Xc
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining and milling X
activities
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
"includes on-site liquid waste disposal systems.
^Abandoned pits. Some problems from past disposal. Brine disposal pits are
now outlawed.
°Includes petroleum products.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Xa
xb
X
xc
X
.
Metals __*__
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify) Xd
*Benzenes and chlorinated solvents.
Hydrocarbon fuels.
°Naturally occurring.
dBacteria.
-396-
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STATB: UH MEXICO
3. STATE GR00ND-VATER MAMAGEMEHT STRUCTURE
3.1. SUte Statute* Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored tqr Statute
Statute lame/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Qround-Uater Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Quality Act
Environmental Improvement Act
Public Nuisance Statute
Established Hater Quality Control
Commission and authorized It to aet
standards to prevent and abate pollution
from all sources except oil and gas
activities which are controlled under the
Oil and Gas Act.
Creates and enumerates the power of the
Environmental Improvement Division, which
Is responsible for environmental
management and consumer protection
programs.
Includes a section on "Polluting Hater,"
which makes it a public nuisance to
pollute water. Pollution is defined as
"knowingly and unlawfully introducing any
object or substance Into any body of
public water causing It to be offensive or
dangerous for human or animal consumption
or use.*
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Hater Quality Act
See discussion above. Act Included
authority to establish ground-water
standards.
Solid waste
Environmental Improvement Act
The Environmental Improvement Division is
authorized to adopt solid waste
regulations.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Act
Authorizes the Environmental Improvement
Division to adopt regulations equivalent
to EPA RCHA regulations; provides
authority for the regulation of the
transportation, treatment, storage, and
disposal of petroleum products.
Mining
Surface Mining Act
Authorizes the Coal Surface Mining Bureau
of the Energy and Minerals Department to
promulgate pollution control regulations
for coal mining.
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Act
Gives Oil Conservation Division
certain powers to control water pollution
from oil, natural gas, and carbon
dioxide. Also provides administrative
regulations pertaining to ground water at
facilities for the production,
transmission, and refinement of crude oil,
carbon dioxide facilities, and natural gas
transmission lines.
Other (specify);
Geothermal Resource Act
Radiation Protection Act
Gives Oil Conservation Commission and Oil
Conservation Division authority over water
pollution from geothermal activities.
Authorizes Environmental Improvement
Division to adopt radiation control
regulations.
Notes:
-397-
-------
STATE: IE If MEXICO
3.2. State Ground-Water PoUcy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Oieck
X
X
X
-398-
-------
STATE: IBW MEXICO
3*2.2. Derelopaect of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? lea X No
Such a policy la already In place.
3*2.2.2. L«ad agency/steering committee: Legislature and Water Quality Control Commission
3-2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The New Mexico State Legislature has adopted a aeries of statutes addressing ground-water, including the
Ground-Hater Quantity Statutes of 1927 and 1931. and the Hater Quality Act of 1967. In 1977, the Hater Quality
Control Commission, established under the Act, adopted a comprehensive regulatory program to protect ground-water
quality.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? tea X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Full protection of ground water with less than 10,000 mg/1 total dissolved solids. Ground water with
more than 10,000 mg/1 total dissolved solids is not covered by standards.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
The standards are used to protect all ground water in the state with a concentration of 10,000 mg/1 or
less of total dissolved solids for present and potential uses.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The standards are numbers which represent the pH range and the maximum concentration of contaminants
which will allow for present and potential use. There are presently 35 numerical standards plus a generic "toxic
pollutant" standard which defines levels as those available in current scientific literature to protect human
health or commonly cultivated or protected plants and animals.
-399-
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STATB: IBM MEXICO
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Environmental
Improvement Division
of the Health and
Environmental
Department
Oil Conservation
Division of the
Energy and Minerals
Department
Coal Surface Mining
Bureau of the
Energy and Minerals
Department
State Engineer Office
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
lule/
Standard
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
OIC*
1*
X*
PIBb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
Xh
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Xe
X
xJ
1
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Othe
xr
X*
X
aUIC - Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dClass I, III, IV, and V programs.
*The Environmental Improvement Division handles all mining except coal.
fWaste water treatment regulations, radiation protection program, ground-water discharge programs, and emergency
response programs.
'Class II UIC program.
nlhe Oil Conservation Commission rules protect fresh water from oil and natural gas related discharges during drilling
and production, and delegated the Water Quality Control Commission the regulatory authority for discharges at oil
refineries and natural gas plants.
Regulations applying to oil refineries, natural gas processing plants, geothermal installations, carbon dioxide
facilities, and natural gas transmission lines.
•'Requires plugging of mine discovery or drill holes that encounter ground water.
^Limits quantity and rates of pumpage from wells to prevent salt water encroachment.
-400-
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STATS: IBV MEXICO
3.H. later-Agency Agreements
Toploa
Cheek U
Applicable
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
The Oil Conservation Division la the lead agency and regulates
Class II and geothermal valla. Host other Class I, II, IV, and
V wells are regulated by the KnvlrooMntal Improvement Division.
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Water Quality Commission
Coal Surface Mining Commission
Oil Conservation Commission
This commission promulgates water pollution control regulations
and assigns administrative responsibility for Its regulations to
its constituent agencies. The constituent agencies are: (1)
the Environmental Improvement Division; (2) the State Engineer
and the Interstate Stream Commission; (3) the Department of Game
and Fish; (1) the Oil Conservation Division; (5) the State Park
and Recreation Commission; (6) the Department of Agriculture;
(7) the Natural Resource Conservation Commission; and (6) the
New Mexico Bureau of Mines.
This commission adopts regulations pertaining to coal mining,
and consists of the following officials (or delegated staff
members): (1) the Director, Bureau of Mines and Mineral
Resources; (2) the Director, Department of Game and Fish;
(3) the Director, Environmental Improvement Division; (4) the
Chairman, Soil and Water Conservation Commission; (5) the
Director, Agricultural Experiment Station; (6) the State
Engineer; and (7) the Commissioner of Public Lands.
This commission promulgates regulations and hears cases referred
de novo for appeals of Oil Conservation Division decisions, or
for cases referred by the Oil Conservation Division, and
consists of: (1) the Commissioner of Public Lands; (2) the
State Geologist; and (3) the Director of the Oil Conservation
Division.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource asseaaaient Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Industrial sites
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Assessment of aquifers is part of contract work for the
Environmental Improvement Division and the State Engineer
Office. USGS has prepared numerous maps and maintains data
showing changes in ground -water levels and hydrographs of
selected wells, and estimated saturated thickness of fresh water
and slightly, moderately, and very saline ground water.
See discussion at 3.6.
See discussion at 3.6.
Discharge plans (permits) are required for a wide variety of
activites where effluent or leachate may Impact ground water.
Sites are asaessed before such plans are approved.
-401-
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STATE: IBV MEXICO
3.6. State dramd-Utter Monitoring Prognui
Typea of Monitoring
Hoc-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous mate aitea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Site specific
investigations
Special studies
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Extensive self-monitoring la required by holders of
the Environmental Improvement Division discharge
plans. Spot-checking is done by the Environmental
Improvement Division. The Oil Conservation Division
monitors water near approved disposal sites under its
authority.
Slte-apecific aampling occurs at the four Superfund
sites: AT4SF, Homestake Mining, United Nuclear
Corporation, and Albuquerque South Valley. Also,
self-monitoring and spot-checking of active RCRA
facilities.
The State Engineer maintains a ground-water quality
(conductivity) monitoring program in the Roswell
Artesian Basin and in Lea County.
The Department of Agriculture monitors in areas of
known or suspected problems.
The Environmental Improvement Division developed a
statewide monitoring program which included a
survey of all existing data sources.
Monitoring is also performed to support the ground-water
quality program.
The Environmental Improvement Division investigates
Immediate contamination problems involving health
and aesthetic parameters.
Studies are currently investigating potential for
nitrate contamination from dairy waste ponds, and
evaluating impacts of septic tanks on ground water
under various geologic and engineering conditions.
Monitoring
Data
QoBputerlsed
(Check)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Progress for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Bagulatlon Orouud-
»t«r Permit Adoption, Bator
laauea laauance Changes Strategy
Other
X X
X*
X X
Xb
X°
'industry, citizens, and government study groups for the Oil Conservation Commission rul« changes.
bAll commission meetings.
°When invited the state attends meetings with local officials or citizen groups.
-402-
-------
STATE: OV MEXICO
STATE HVLEMntATHM OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROOHD VATER
. Program Status
Progm
Status of Program Delegation
State IspleeMDtlxg Agency
Onuaual/Notevorthy
Program Caaraeteriatioa
Delegated
Oil Conservation Division
(delegated 2/5/82)
Environmental Improvement
Division
(delegated 7/11/83)
Class II wells and geothermal.
Classes I, III, IV, and V; New
Mexico requires aquifer
restoration after in situ
extraction (Class III wells).
RCRA
Final authorization
effective 1/25/85
Hazardous Haste Section of
Environmental Improvement
Division
PWS
Delegated
(4/1/78)
Water Supply Section of
Environmental Improvement
Division
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
(11/76)
Department of Agriculture
-403-
-------
STATE: BV MEXICO
4.2. Orut Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Mater Act
Section 106
$320,000 Work plan does not presently include ground-water
tasks. (Does not include $100,000 supplemental
allocation for ground-water programs.)
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,160 Work plan does not presently include ground-water
tasks.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$417,000 Work plan does not presently Include ground-water
tasks.
KCRA
Section 3011
$395,767 Does not presently Include specific items for
ground-water program development.
VIC
$228,700 Does not presently include specific ground-water
program development but UIC program is essentially
a ground-water protection program.
F1FRA
Section 23
-------
STATE: BW MEXICO
S. STATl-OilOHlTED OHOOID-VITBI F10TECTIM P100BANS
5.1. Qraad-VkUr Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has adopted a classification system and 35 numerical ground-water quality standards.
Additional standards are proposed for adoption as the need arises. Resources devoted to the enforcement of the
standards are included In Sections 5.2. and 5.5. below.
FX 1984 Finding:
Funding Source: State funds
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: A statewide monitoring program developed by the Environmental Improvement Division includes a survey
of all existing data sources. Monitoring is conducted to support ground-water quality programs. The state does
limited spot check sampling of approved discharge sites. The State Engineer maintains a ground-water quality
(conductivity) monitoring program in the Roswell Artesian Basin and In Lea County.
FX 1984 Funding: Environmental Improvement Division — $200,000; State Engineer funding included in Section 5.3.
Funding Source: Environmental Improvement Division: State
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Assessments of aquifers have been conducted as part of contract work for the State Engineer
Office. The USGS has prepared numerous maps and maintains data showing changes in ground-water levels and
hydrographs of selected wells, and estimated saturated thickness of fresh water and slightly, moderately, and very
saline water.
FX 1984 Funding: $1,200,000
Funding Source: State funds: $600,000; USGS: $600,000
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-405-
-------
STATE: IBH MEXICO
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Water
Description: Ground-water discharge plans (permits) are required under the Water Quality Control Commission
regulations and are administered by the Environmental Improvement Division of the Health and Environmental
Department to maintain ground-water quality standards. Discharge plans for petroleum refineries and natural gas
plants are administered by the Oil Conservation Division
FY 1984 Funding: $542,000 (Environmental Improvement Division: $450,000 and Oil Conservation Division: $92,000}
Funding Source: State funds
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Permits are required under Liquid Waste Disposal Regulations for all domestic sewage, septic tank
leach field systems with flows under 2,000 gpd. Larger systems are controlled under the Water Quality Control
Commission regulations referred to In Section 5.5. above.
FY 1984 Funding: $450,000
Funding Source: State funds
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: A study of ground-water pollution problems from refined hydrocarbon fuels was completed in December
1984. Program for 1985 will concentrate on recommendations coming out of the study.
FY 1984 Funding: $50,000
Funding Source: State funds: $30,000; Federal (from the last extensions of grants under
CWA section 208): $20,000
5-8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Environmental Improvement Division of the Health and Environmental Department handles emergency
contamination response programs.
FY 1981 Funding: $30,000 (rough estimate)
Funding Source: State funds
5.9. Other: The State Engineer's Office regulates water withdrawals In declared underground basins, licenses
drillers, and Imposes plugging and abandonment requirements in certain instances.
-406-
-------
STATE OBOOID-WATBR PHOG"*H SOMMABT
STATE: OKLAHOMA
1. MATURE OF THE GROUID-VATER USOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, trananisaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
High Plains Area
Physiographic
Beglon/ProTince B:
Western Oklahoma Area
Physiographic
Begion/Prorinoe C:
Eastern Oklahoma Area
Percent of state covered
by this province (estlsated)
Approximately
Approximately
Approximately
not
Dbooofiaed Aquifar(s)
This region covers almost
all of the 3 panhandle
counties and extends a
short distance into
adjacent counties of
northwestern Oklahoma.
The area is underlain
by deposits of sand,
gravel, and minor
amounts of clay, and in
some areas is capped by
a limey rock called
caliche.
The deposits are com-
posed primarily of the
Ogallala Formation,
which is the best
aquifer in the state
due to its area, thick-
ness, and high permea-
bility. This formation
is only partially
saturated with water
and is several hundred
feet thick.
This region Includes
the western half of
Oklahoma, excluding
the High Plains area.
It includes the following
major aquifers: Rush
Springs Sandstone, Dog
Creek Shale, and Elaine
Gypsum (fractured), Rush
Springs Sandstone, Elk
City Sandstone, Arbuckle
Group (sandstone and
carbonates), Oscar Group
(sandstone and shale),
Carter-Wellington Aquifer
(sandstone and shale),
and several important
alluvial aquifers and
associated terrace
deposits. Aquifer thick-
nesses range from about
50-800 feet.
Eastern Oklahoma has
several main formations.
Their characteristics
are roughly the same
and Include a depth of
between 250-700 feet of
interbedded sandstone,
shale, and conglomerate.
Major aquifers Include
the Antlers Sandstone,
Vamoosa Aquifer, Simpson
and Arbuckle Groups, the
Roubidoux Formation
(confined), and several
alluvial aquifers.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-407-
-------
STAT1: OCUBOMA
1.2. Primary Data of Ground Mater aa Percent of Total
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial8
(except municipal)
Agricultural1*
Domestic /Rural
Other ( specify):
Recreation, fish,
wildlife
Mining
Total
% of Total % Qrouad Hater
Qrouad Hater of Total Hater
15.8 7.0
4.2 1.3
78.9 35.0
0.2 0.1
0.9 0.4
100.0 43.8
Includes: industrial--3.2f; power—0.6%; commercial—0.4?.
blrrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systens
21 .9»
662,000
Domestic
Hells
11. 4J
343,615
Toltal
33. 3»
1,005,615
Notes: Of an estimated 550,365 acre feet of ground water used per year, 629 is used by domestic users and H% is
used for private supplies.
-408-
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
2.1. Sources (Cbeok Major •ouroes of oontaadnatlon and rank top four — IB Boot serious,
2 • next Boat serious, etc.)
Source Check tank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-alte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage Xb
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cbeok lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
Haste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X*
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
"Salt water intrusion (upconing) fron unplugged wells (oil and gas related activities): serious in less than 50
isolated incidences.
Underground gasoline storage tanks (poor sealing or outdated storage tank types): serious in less than 25
Incidences.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Xa
-
xb
_*L
__^^_
xd
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
"Trace levels of volatile organics have been found in the Garber-Wellington Aquifer at Tinker Air Force Base.
bShallow wells in Woodward County.
cSome portions of the Roubidoux (Craig County) and Dog Creek Shale and Elaine Cysum (Harmon County) ground-water
basins have high sodium chloride levels. The Vamoosa Formation (central Oklahoma) has had problems with brine
infiltration.
dCround water at the Tar Creek NPL Site has excessive levels of iron, lead, zinc, cadmium, and manganese.
-409-
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
3. STATE OlOOHMttTKR HAIAOEMEaT STBOCTORE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subjwt Monitored tf Statute
Statute luw/Mo.
Description of .Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protaotlon
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standard's)
Pollution Remedies Act
(Title 82, Chapter 9)
Powers and duties of the Water Resources
Board, the Department of Health, and the
Pollution Control Coordination Board
(includes Statute 932, below).
Solid waste
Title 63, Public Health and Safety
Code
Chapter 47, Oklahoma Solid Waste
Management Act
Title 63, Article 9
Provides authority for the regulation of
solid waste.
Waste and sewage provisions.
Hazardous waste
Title 63, Chapter 57
Provides authority to the Department of
Health, Industrial Waste Management
Division to regulate industrial waste
disposal.
Mining
Coal Reclamation Act, 1979
Oil and gas
Title 82, Oklahoma Statute 1020
Provides authority to the Corporation
Commission.
Other (specify):
Agency organization
Pesticides
Feedyard discharge
Title 62, Oklahoma Statute 932
Oklahoma Pesticides Law,
Sections 3.61-3-70
Oklahoma Pesticide Applicator Laws
and Rules and Regulations
Oklahoma Feed Yard Act
Provides authority to the Pollution
Control Board.
Addresses, among other subjects, disposal
of pesticide containers to reduce the
potential for ground-water contamination.
Requires applicators to follow label
Instructions.
Owners and operators are required to
take necessary action to avoid pollution
of any state waters.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-410-
-------
STATE: OKLAHOMA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Mater Poliegr
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-Hater policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering oomlttM: Pollution Control Coordinating Board and Department
of Pollution Control
Tea X
Mo
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
A program development strategy was jointly completed by the Water Resources Board, the Department of
Health, the Corporation Conmlsalon, and the Department of Agriculture in December, 1963*
3.2.3. CBmrmoterlatlea of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Current practice is based on reasonable use policy.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
State Department of Health recommended initiating aquifer-specific drinking water quality standards;
beneficial uses have been designated for 21 ground-water basins and formations by the Water Resources Board.
3.2.5. QaUlty Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards uaed?
Yea X No
State has both primary and secondary numerical standards for drinking water supplies. Violations of
primary standards may preclude particular raw water sources for use as a public water aupply. If treated water is
found in violation of primary standards, the public is notified and a compliance schedule is arranged. The
secondary standards are not mandatory rejection levels; secondary standards are used as guidelines for selecting
raw water sources. When applying for permits for new systems or for revisions, applicants must show compliance
with primary standards and feasibility of meeting secondary standards. The state's Water Quality Standards
(Section 6) establishes existing beneficial uses of major ground-water basins. The Water Resources Board is
attempting to establish criteria to protect these uses in the 1985 standards review.
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Primary standards Include ten inorganic chemicals and five radiological contaminants. Secondary
standards Include chloride, color, copper, corrosivity, foaming agents, hydrogen sulfide, iron, manganese, odor,
pH, sulfate, TDS, and zinc.
-411-
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STATK: OKLAHOMA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities far Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Health"
Hater Resources
Board6
Corporation
Commission8
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Pollution Control
Department of
Mines
Conservation
Commission
Department of
Wildlife
Conservation
Ground-
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
Xh
oic*
X
X
PUS*
X
P8°
X
Other
X1
xJ
DaU
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro»
Road
De-icing
Other
Xf
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
"^Responsibilities include: administration of drinking water standards, approval of public water supply sources,
regulation of public water supplies, permitting of municipal waste water discharge, administration of Individual drinkln
water well construction, regulation of solid and hazardous waste facilities, approval of septic tank systems,
involvement in emergency spill response, and regulation of Class I, III, IV, and V Injection wells.
Responsibilities Include: administration and revision of water quality standards, approval of ground-water usage,
industrial waste water discharge permitting, and administration of well construction standards; Board also conducts
hydraulic surveys.
Industry standards. '
^Responsibilities include: permitting of oil and gas waste water discharge, regulation of oil and gaa well drilling pits
regulation of Class II Injection, regulation of oil and gaa, plugging of seismic holes, and regulation of off-site
disposal of oil and gas, salt water, and sludge.
"The governor has designated the Corporation Commission as the lead agency for the RCRA LOST program.
^eedlots, KPDES.
issues mining permits.
-412-
-------
3TATB: OKLAHOMA
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological surrey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Pollution Control Coordinating Board includes seven state
agencies. The Department of Health, Water Resources Board, the
Corporation Commission, and the Department of Agriculture
jointly developed a "Framework for Ground-Water Protection."
See "Policy and strategy development.*
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Besource
it Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
The Department of Health has prepared maps depicting recharge
areas for major aquifers and alluvial and terrace deposits of
the state.
Ambient ground-water quality
The Water Resources Board conducts an ongoing ground-water
sampling program to define the chemical characteristics of water
in 21 major basins, in order to generate water quality
criteria. In 1963, the Board sampled 506 wells statewide.
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
-413-
-------
STATE: OKLAHOMA
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste aites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Department of Agriculture will conduct an
exploratory study in 1985 to examine the likelihood
and extent of ground-water contamination from
agricultural pesticide usage.
The Department of Health program calls for monitor-
ing every three years each public water supply that
uses ground water. The Department of Health also
monitors major aquifers.
The Department of Agriculture continues monitoring
on a quarterly basis of selected wells and springs.
Sampled under Section 208 Task 1401 ~ Animal Waste
Study — Delaware County.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
Same of
Database
(Specify)
STORBT
Aquarius
(automated
data
processing
analysis
system)
STORE!
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
--^^ Context
Approaches " ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
fcUr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa
aGround-water applications.
-414-
-------
STATE: OKLAHOMA
4. STATE XHPLEMBCTATIOR OP FEDERAL PBOGRAMS TO PROTECT ORODID VATBR
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Pragma
Status of Prograa Delegation
State lapleMotiag Agency
Onuaual/Hotevorthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Delegated
Class I, III, IV, and V
delegated to Department
of Health
Class II delegated to
Corporation Cooaission
Class II application process
requires base-line water quality
data.
RCRA
Authorization effective
1/10/85
Department of Health
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
NPDES — not delegated
Department of Agriculture
Feedlots (technical evaluations
for EPA NPDES permits).
-415-
-------
STATEt OKLAHOMA
Grant Status
Omnt
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeota/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$610,000 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
taaks. (Does not include $100,000 supplemental
appropriation for ground-water programs.)
Clean Water Act
Section 2051J)
$197(640 The work plan presently has no specific ground-water
protection tasks.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$791.000 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
RCRA
Section 3011
$359,300 plus
potential for
additional
$56,400
The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
UIC
$313,800 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(l)
$153,500 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
-416-
-------
STATE: OCLAHOMA
5. STATE-ORIOMATBD GHOUID-MATER PROTECTIM PIOOBAMS
5.1. Ground-Mater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Mater Resources Board la authorized to develop comprehensive programs for the prevention,
control, and abatement of new or existing pollution of state waters. The board also proaulgates standards of
quality and classification for state waters.
Oklahoma developed a ground-water management strategy based on the "Task 832* Report: Ground-Hater
Management Authorities and Recommendations. The strategy essentially calls for continued review, evaluation and
updating of hydrologlc data for each ground-water basin, the review and evaluation of existing regulations for
possible revisions, and public awareness. Protection combined with prevention Is the goal of the ground-water
protection program.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Grand-Hater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Health conducts monitoring programs every three years at each public water supply
site with ground-water sources. Major aquifers are also monitored. The Department of Agriculture will conduct an
exploratory study.
FT 1984 Funding: $30,000
Funding Source: EPA — proposed Section 205(J)
5.3. Ground-Mater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Water Resources Board conducts hydrologic surveys and investigations of fresh ground-water
basins. The chemical characteristics of water in 21 major basins are assessed in order to establish water quality
criteria. All data has been entered in the Board's computer system.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: (1) The Department of Agriculture has jurisdiction over pesticide applicators and feedlot3.
Professional pesticide applicators must take a written examination in order to ascertain if they can safely use
pesticides before receiving a permit. (2) Pesticide levels are monitored for compliance to EPA standards in
foodstuffs destined for animal or human consumption. (3) In addition, with the Department of Health, they
coordinate activities in the area of generation, storage, treatment, and disposal of pesticide waste by the
pesticide applicator. (4) Such laws help limit the amount of contamination reaching ground water.
Animal feedlot operators, also under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture, are required to
provide reasonable methods for the disposal of animal excrement, and take actions necessary to avoid pollution of
the state waters.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-417-
-------
OKLAHOMA
5.5. Pamita/Ccotrol of DlMbargM to dramd Utter
Description: The Corporation Commission has jurisdiction to regulate the drilling of or conversion to a salt
water disposal or Injection well, and any related activity.
The Department of Health promulgates rules and regulations for the proper operation of Class I, III, IV, and
V injection Nells.
Discharge permits are issued for the disposal of industrial, municipal, and oil and gas Haste waters.
Industrial and Municipal Total Retention Lagoons programs are under the Mater Resources Board, and the Department
of Health.
The Department of Mines requires a permit for any mining operations, and a plan which assures the protection
of the surface and ground-water systems in the region; each plan oust be backed up by a bond.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*6. Septic Management Program
Description: Septic tank approval is the responsibility of the Department of Health.
FT 1904 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Corporation Commission is the designated agency for underground storage tanks, with the
exception of hazardous waste storage tanks, which are the responsibility of the Department of Health. The Water
Resources Board has conducted a search and eliminate program for leaking underground storage tanks since 1977.
This program Is In response to citizen complaints of contaminated water wells.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Health, Department of Pollution Control, Corporation Commission, Hater Resources
Board, Department of Wildlife Conservation, and the Department of Agriculture are all involved in an Emergency
Spill Response program.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-418-
-------
STATE OROTOP-WATER PROGRAM SOMMARI
STATE: TEXAS
1. MATURE OP THE OBOUID-VATEI IESOORCE
1.1. Oaologlo and Bydrologlo Cbarectarlatlos. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmiasivity, aquifer interoonneotion, extent
of contamination).
Cteraeterlatioa
Ftqraiocraphio
Begion/ProTlace A:
High Plains
Pbyalocraphio
Rio Grande and North-
western Plateaua and
Physiographic
•afion/ProTiaoe C:
Edwarda Plateau
Bolaona
Peroeat of atate covered
bgr tola province (eatlamted)
Oboonfined Aqulfer(a)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Note A; The Ogallala Formation of Pliocene age occurs at or near the surface over ouch of the High Plains area of
northwest Texas. The formation consists of alternating beds of silt, clay, sand, gravel, and caliche, reaching a
maximum known thickness of more than 900 feet in southwestern Oohiltree County. The High Plains Aquifer consists
primarily of the Ogallala Formation, and includes all water-bearing unite, mainly Cretaceous and Triaaalc
aedlments, with which it is in hydraulic continuity. However, the Canadian River has cut through the formation,
dividing it into two parts, the North Plains and the South Plains. The thickest saturated sections occur in the
northeastern part of the South Plains.
Note B; Deposits of alluvium occur in many parts of Texas, and generally oonslat of alternating and discontinuous
beds of silt, clay, sand, and gravel of recent geologic age. In some areas, these deposits contain comparatively
large volumes of water, and the five largest and most productive of these local aquifers collectively make up a
major aquifer. These aquifers are looated: (1) in El Paso and local valley areas; (2) in the region extending
from northwestern Hudspeth County to northern Presidio County; (3) along the upper part of the Pecos River
drainage system; (4) in isolated areas of alluvium in north and west central Texas; and (5) along the Brazos
River.
Note C; The Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) Aquifer underlies the Edwards Plateau and extends westward into the Trana-
Pecos region of Texas. The aquifer consists of water-aaturated sand and sandstone of the Trinity Group and
limestone of the overlying Fredericksburg and Washlta Groups of Cretaceous age. These water-bearing units range
to more than 800 feet in thickness. Large capacity wells completed in fractured and cavernous limestone locally
can yield large quantities. Portions of the aquifer are confined.
-419-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
1. IATORE OP THE GBOOVD-VATER IESOOBCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologle Charaeteriatica. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
tagion/ProTiaoe D:
Balconea Eaoarpment
Physiographic
•agion/ProTino* E:
Central Lowlands
Physiographic
•agioa/ProTiiiee P:
Loner Central Lowlands
Percent of atate covered
by thia province (estimated)
UncanflnBd Aquifer(a)
Confined Aquifer(s)
See Kote D below.
See Note E below.
See Note F below.
Note P; The Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer extends from central Kinney County east and northeast into
southern Bell County. It includes the Edwards Limestone and stratigraphically associated limestone beds of
Cretaceous age. Conditions favorable for the development of extensive solution channels and cavities and the
consequent accumulation of large volumes of water in these formations have resulted from faulting along the
Balcones Fault Zone. Much of the aquifer is confined except in outcrop areas.
Note E; The Trinity Group Aquifer (of Cretaceous age) extends over a large area of north and central Texas. The
thickness of the aquifer ranges from a few feet along its western edge to more than 1,200 feet in the eastern
part. Yields of large-capacity wells range up to several thousand gpm. Most of the aquifer is confined except in
the outcrop areas.
Note F; The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer, one of the most extensive in Texas geographically, furnishes water to wells
in a wide belt extending from the Rio Grand northeastward into Arkansas and Louisiana. The aquifer consists of
hydrologically connected sand, sandstone, and gravel of the Wllcox Group and overlying Carrizo Formation. In the
East Texas structural basin the formations form a trough and are exposed at the surface on both sides of the
trough's axis. The net thickness of the aquifer ranges from a few feet in the outcrop to more than a 3,000 feet
downdip. Much of the aquifer is confined except in the outcrop areas.
Note: All three aquifers, (see notes D, E, and F) are recharged by precipitation and storm runoff on the outcrop
areas and by streams which cross the outcrop area. The water-bearing beds dip beneath the land surface towards
the Gulf.
-420-
-------
ST1TB: T1X1S
1. laTOBE Of THE OR00HMUTEB IKSOOICE
1.1. Oeologlo and Bydrologlo CharaoterlaU.es. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickneaa, tranamiaaivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
teriatlos
Physiographic
Bagion/Proviaoe 0:
Gulf Coaatal Plains
Ptqraiographic
•acion/ProTlaoe B:
Gulf Coast Aquifer
Pbyaiograpbio
Beglon/ProTlace I:
Percent of state covered
by thia province (eatlaated)
ObooofliMd aqulfer(s)
Confined iqulfer(a)
See Note G below.
Note G! The Gulf Coast Aquifer underlies most of the Coastal Plain from the Lower Rio Grande Valley northeastward
into Louisiana, extending about 100 miles inland from the Gulf. The aquifer consists of alternating clay, silt,
sand, and gravel beds belonging to the Catahoula, Oakville, Lagarto, Goliad, Willis, Lissie, and Beaumont
Formations, which collectively form a regional, hydrologically connected unit. There are, however, extensive
aquitards within the various formations. Much of the aquifer is confined. Fresh water occurs in the aquifer to
depths of more than 3,000 feet. The aquifer is recharged by precipitation on the surface and seepage from streams
crossing outcrop areas of the permeable units.
-421-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
1.2. Frlaarjr Uses of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Daage
Use
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial*
(except municipal)
Agricultural1*
Domestic/Rural0
Other (specify):
Mining
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
11.9 7.2
2.8 1.7
82.6 50.2
1.1 0.7
1.6 1.0
100 69.8
Including: Ground water Total
Manufacturing 2.3 1.4
Steam-electric 0.5 0.3
blrrigation.
livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
59*
9,300,000
-422-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
2.1. Sources (Cheek Bajor aourcea of oontudLmtlen and nude top four — 1 * moat serious,
2 * next «oat serious, etc.)
Source
Septic tanks
Hunicipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Cbeok Rank
X
xa
xc
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
x°
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Natural mineralization
Heavy pumpage
Improper construction
of water wells
X
X
X
xe
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xd
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xf
Road salting
aThere are 950 active municipal solid waste sanitary landfills and several hundred closed or abandoned municipal
solid waste sites which constitute potential sources of ground-water contamination. The Texas Department of
Health has evaluated 163 municipal landfills against RCRA open dump inventory criteria, and four of these were
classified as open dumps on the basis of ground-water criteria. Of the 71 sanitary landfills that have ground-
water monitoring facilities, three sites have evidenced contaminent levels in excess of background
concentrations.
^Abandoned hazardous waste disposal sites constitute local problems. Thus far, 20 sites have been identified for
the Superfund program, and 11 sites are currently on the National Priority List. Ground-water contamination has
occurred at several of these sites; however, such problems are generally confined to the Immediate areas of the
sites.
"Currently, there are approximately 1,000 active Industrial waste management facilities in operation in the state,
of which about half involve the use of landfills and/or surface impoundments. Ground-water contamination
problems have been documented at a number of these sites, and corrective actions are underway or are being
planned at almost all sites where problems have been identified. To date, these localized problems have not
seriously impacted drinking water supplies.
dThis type of contamination is caused by completing a fresh water pumping well near a saline water zone. The
problem is serious and has historically caused the abandonment of several well fields completed in the Gulf Coast
aquifer near the coast. Saline water encroachment has been detected in Ogallala aquifer wells located near
saline playa lakes. Also, saline water encroachment has been detected in West Texas in alluvial wells located
near the Pecos River, which contains undesirable saline waters in the upper reaches. Slow deterioration of
ground-water quality has been detected in the Hueco Bolson aquifer in El Paso County due to the mining of fresh
ground water adjacent to saline ground water.
^Throughout the state, there are water wells that were improperly constructed and completed when drilled or that
have developed problems since being drilled, causing the mixing of fresh ground water with undesirable saline
ground water or fresh ground water with undesirable surface water runoff. These problems are not acute, but have
been documented in the Gulf Coast, Trinity Group, Carrizo-Wilcox, and Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) aquifers.
fThe state of Texas is third in the nation in agricultural production and is first in use of agricultural
chemicals. Rural water supplies are not being monitored for pesticide or heavy metal contamination. Isolated
incidents of ground-water contamination by pesticides have been documented. The Texas Department of Agriculture
is working with the Department of Water Resources to identify areas of potential contamination and to initiate
testing to assess the seriousness of the problem.
-423-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
2.2. Cootulmtiqg Subatanoea
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
X"
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides _____
Arsenic __
Brine salinity Xb
Other _
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
x°
Other (specify)
'Localized problems at some active waste disposal sites and abandoned (Superfund) sites.
blf a pumping well completed in a fresh water zone la completed near a saline water zone, it may be contaminated
by the adjacent saline waters. The migration of the saline water to the pumping well can be both horizontal and
vertical. This type of ground-water contamination is serious and has historically caused the abandonment of
several well fields completed in the Gulf Coast aquifer near the coast. Saline water encroachment has been
detected in Ogallala aquifer wells located near saline playa lakes. Also, saline water encroachment has been
detected in West Texas in alluvial wells located near the Pecos River, which contains undesirable saline waters
in the upper reaches. Slow deterioration of ground-water quality has been detected in the Hueco Bolson aquifer
in El Paso County due to the mining of fresh ground water adjacent to saline ground water.
°The state of Texas is third in the nation in agricultural production and is first in use of agricultural
chemicals. Rural water supplies are not being monitored for pesticide or heavy metal contamination. Isolated
incidents of ground-water contamination by pesticides have been documented. The Texas Department of Agriculture
is working with the Department of Water Resources to identify areas of potential contamination and to initiate
testing to assess the seriousness of the problem.
-424-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
3. STATE GROUND-HATER MAMGBMEHT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statute* Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored bjr Statute
Statute HaaM/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaiulaa
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Texas Water Code, Chapter 26
Regulates the discharge of wastes Into or
adjacent to the waters of the state,
Including prohibition of unauthorized
discharges; the development and use of
regional and areawlde collection,
treatment, and disposal systems; the
development of state water quality plans;
and the promulgation of water quality
standards for water in the state.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Act, Article
1177-7, V.T.C.S.
Divides responsibility for solid waste
management between the Department of
Health and the Department of Water
Resources.
Hazardous waste
Texas Water Code, Ch. 26 and Ch. 27
Relates to injection wells used for
disposal of hazardous waste.
Mining
Texas Natural Resources Code, Ch. 131
Texas Natural Resources Code, Ch. 111
Texas Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann., Art.
5920-11
Texas Water Code, Ch. 26 and Ch. 27
Relates to the surface mining of uranium
and uranium ore.
Relates to the development of geothermal
energy and associated resources.
Relates to the surface mining of coal
and iron ore.
Relates to the in situ mining of uranium,
brine, and sulfur.
Oil and gas
Texas Water Code, Ch. 27
Texas Water Code, Ch. 29
Texas Natural Resoures Code, Ch. 81
and 85
Texas Natural Resources Code., Ch. 86,
87, and 88
Texas Natural Resources Code, Ch. 89
Texas Natural Resources Code., Ch. 91
Texas Natural Resources Code., Ch. 111
Relates to Injection wells.
Relates to salt water haulers.
Relates to various aspects of regulation
of oil and gas exploration and production
including procedures for taking certain
enforcement action regarding the
Commission's pollution control rules and
permits.
Relates to various aspects of regulation
of oil and gas exploration and production.
Relates to well plugging.
Relates to pollution control rulemaklng
authority and the regulation of certain
pits.
Relates to the development of geothermal
energy and associated resources.
Other (specify):
Herbicide/pesticide
Notes:
Texas Agriculture Code, Ch. 75
(Herbicide Laws), Ch. 76 (Pesticide
Laws)
-425-
-------
STATE: TIZAS
3.2. State Oround-Vater Policy
J.2.1. Status
Ground Miter covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cbaok
-426-
-------
nua
3.2.X. DmlopMBt of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-Mttr policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agenoy/ateerlng ooomittee: ____________ ______________
Yea
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development prooeae (inter-agency agreements, progreaa to date, target completion data, «to.)i
3.2.3. CBeraoterlatloa of Policy Developed
Typ* pf ProtMtioa
General language
Non-degradation
Llmltad degradation
Differential protaotion
Cbaok
X
Notaa: Zt it tha policy of tha atata to mtinUin tha quality of watar in tha atata, Including drinkable water,
oonaiatant with tha publio health and anjoyaant, tha propagation and protaotion of tarraatrial and aquatic lift,
tha operation of exiatlng industries and tha economic davalopaant of tha atata, and to require all reasonable
Mthoda to implaoant thia policy.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does atate have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. uaa, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yea X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief daacrlption of claaaas:
No
3.2.5. Quality Standard*
3.2.5.1. Has tha atate adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are tha standards uaad?
Yes X
No
A key element of the monitoring and raaponae program for hazardous waste land disposal facilities is the
establishment of a ground-water protection standard for tha waata management unit. Tha principal purpose of thia
standard la to indicate tha level of ground-water contamination that triggers tha naad for corrective action
meaauraa. Tha ground-water protaotion standard alao daflnaa tha constituents that must be addraaaad in the
compliance monitoring program. Where possible, tha ground-water protection atandard la baaed on environmental
standards that establish numerical concentration limits for individual contaminants; for example, the National
Interim Primary Drinking Watar Regulations establish maximum contaminant limits for a particular aat of toxic
aetala and pesticides. Where such standards are not available for chemical oonatltuanta that are known to be
hazardoua, tha triggering mechanism for corrective action will be any atatistically significant increase over the
background level of tha constituent in the ground watar balow the waata management units. Restoration of ground-
water quality la boat aquifers of in aitu uranium mines la required to preliminary parameter levels (non-
degradation), although tradeoffs of certain paramatara are allowed provided the baseline and post-restoration
levels are below recognised standards.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Site specific determination (aee above discussion).
-427-
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STATE: TEXAS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Water Resources
Department of
Health6
Railroad Commission
of Texasr
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Health, Division
of Vater Hygiene
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
X
DIG-
X
X
PHSb
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
SoU
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
froa
Road
De-icing
Other
*U1C = Underground Injection Control.
bPHS s Public Water System.
°PE s Pesticides Enforcement.
^Responsible for industrial solid waste regulations, implementation of water quality chapter of the Texas Water Code, ai
implementation of the Injection Well Act.
eConsults with the Department of Hater Resources on water quality aspects of solid waste management and public health
aspects of industrial solid waste management, and implements ground-water protection programs through its control of
municipal solid waste. The Department also establishes standards for public drinking water, monitors the quality of
drinking water, and maintains records on the chemical and bacteriological analyses of public water supplies.
Solely responsible for the control and disposition of waste and the abatement and prevention of pollution of surface a
subsurface water resulting from activities associated with the exploration, development, ami production of oil or gas
geothermal resources, or from uranium exploration activities.
-428-
-------
STATS: TEXAS
3.4. Inter-AgeooT
ita
Topioa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Regulation of oil and gas-related
activities
•
Industrial solid wast* transport
Check if
applicable
Z
X
X
Description of Agreeawnta
and agencies
Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Hater
Resources and the Health Department to coordinate regulation of
in situ uranium mining.
Memorandum of Understanding between the Railroad Commission,
the Department of Water Resources, and the Department of
Health relative to regulations of waste materials resulting
from activities associated with the exploration for and the
development, production, and refining of oil or gas.
Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Water
Resources and the Department of Public Safety to coordinate
enforcement and investigations.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water laaouroe Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Well-drilling data
Arsenic contamination
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The state conducts an active ground-water resource assessment
program. To date the boundaries and various characteristics
for all of the state's seven major and 16 minor aquifers,
including water availability, recharge, structural contours, and
other geological information, have been identified. For a
limited number of the aquifers, the estimated recoverable
storage has also been estimated. In addition, the major user of
ground water in each aquifer has been Identified. The
categories of use are municipal, manufacturing, steam-electric
generating, irrigation, mining, and livestock.
See Section 3«6. — Ambient monitoring.
See Section 3.6.
State assessment activities are enhanced by a collection of
270,000 logs furnished by water well drillers in compliance with
the Texas Water Well Drillers Act; and the more than 97,000
geophysical logs obtained from the petroleum industry are
located in the files of the Department of Water Resources.
The Department of Agriculture is currently assessing the
source and extent of arsenic contamination in ground water in
West Texas.
i
-429-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Class III ground-
water quality
monitoring
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Department of Health rules for municipal solid
waste management require ground-water monitoring
at Type I landfills (those serving a population
equivalent of 5,000 or more).
Intensive but localized monitoring la also carried
out by the Department of Water Resources as a part
of permitting and enforcement activities associated
with holding or treatment of surface impoundments,
solid waste disposal sites, and Class I me injection
well operations. The Department of Water Resources
also co-samples RCRA ground-water monitoring wells
once a year with each facility which has monitoring
requirements.
Included in ambient monitoring.
The Department of Agriculture is currently assessing
the source and extent of arsenic contamination in
ground water in West Texas. It is also attempting to
expand its laboratory services and environmental
monitoring plan to include monitoring of ground water
in areas susceptible to contamination by pesticides.
The Department of Water Resources collects 750 ground-
water samples per year from 5,800 routine monitoring
wells. The samples are analyzed for standard inorganic
parameters and the results are compared to the 45,000
sample analyses contained in the Department's
computerized database to identify trends in water
quality in the various major and minor aquifers.
Uranium, brine and sulfur solution mines monitor
ground-water quality to assure containment of mining
fluids.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
•a»e of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-^^^ Context
Approaches --~^^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
i
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Hktw Permit Adoption, Water
Xaaues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X
X
X X
X
|
Note: The state has comprehensive public education and public participation programs.
-430-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
4. STATE IMPLBNEMTATIOB OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROTOD WATER
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Ohusual/Hotevorthy
Program Cbaracteristics
DIG
Delegated
Department of Hater
Resources, Classes I,
III, IV, V*
Railroad Commission,
Classes II, Vb
One program characteristic which
is unusual is a mandatory area of
review requirement of a 2.5 mile
radius from the well for Class 1
systems. In addition, Class I
Injection well permits normally
contain both construction and
operating requirements.
There are approximately 48,000
Class II injection wells regulated
under the program that contains
technical elements more
restrictive than Federal
requirements.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase 1 and
2 interim program
Department of Water
Resources, Department of
Health jointly
Noteworthy aspects of the program
Include a review of all Industrial
solid waste management activities,
including hazardous waste
management, and a required
manifesting of all industrial
hazardous waste regardless of the
amount generated.
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health,
Division of Water Hygiene
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
Primary aspects of this
cooperative EPA enforcement
agreement include equipment
inspections, dealer Inspection
record checks, complaint
investigations, and manufacturer
inspections. The TDA has twelve
regional offices to implement the
enforcement agreement statewide.
aClass V injection wells not associated with the exploration, development or production of oil and gas resources.
bClass V injection wells not regulated by the Department of Water Resources.
-431-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
STATE: TEXAS
Grant
1985 AllooatlcB
Speolflo Ground-Mater
ProJeota/Taaka and Budgwt
Clean hater Act
Section 106
12,200,100 $49,200 — Ground-water assessment for total
retention ponds.
$200,100 — Ground-water program funds from
supplemental funds.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$929,430
Clean Mater Aot
Section 205(g)
$3,717,710
BORA
Section 3011
$4,387,757
$40,000*
UIC
$339,650
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$478,000
Enforcement
•Amount of FY 1984 grant which will be unobligated at end of fiscal year.
-432-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GHOOND-WATSR PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Texas Department of Water Resources has primary responsibility for protecting and planning the
use of the state's ground water. Nine other state agencies (primarily the Texas Department of Health and the
Railroad Commission of Texas) and nine underground water conservation districts also have some responsibility to
manage, control, and protect the ground water. The Department helps Insure maintenance of the state's ground-
water quality by (1) conducting in-depth investigations of alleged ground-water contamination or conditions which
threaten to cause deterioration of ground-water quality, (2) making recommendations to the Railroad Commission of
Texas for protection of usable-quality ground water during exploration, production, and operation of oil, gas, or
other mineral and surface mining activities, as well as disposal of applicable wastes, and (3) providing
administrative and Investigative support to the Texas Water Well Drillers Board, which has responsibility for
developing and enforcing standards for the state's water well drillers, including licensing.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: See Ground-Water Resource Assessment.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Department of Water Resources collects basic data on the occurrence, quantity, and quality of
the state's water.
FY 198<( Funding: About $1,432,500 of state funds were expended in FY 1962 (ended August 3D and $1,550,400 in FY
1983 for basic data collection activities. In FY 1982 and FY 1983, an estimated $415,500 and $462,400,
respectively, was expended for data collection, mapping, and monitoring activities.
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Water
Description: The Department of Health regulates municipal solid waste management facilities in compliance with
the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act. The TDH has rules governing the design and operation of these facilities that
provide for the protection of ground water. The management of WWTA sludges, grease trap waste, grit trap waste,
and septage are regulated by the Department of Health and it has rules that incorporated ground-water protection.
Other programs for the protection of ground water that were originated by the Railroad Commission of Texas
and which are not regulated at the Federal level include Statewide Rules on Casing, Cementing, Drilling, and
Completion Requirements (Rule 13), Plugging (Rule 14), and Water Protection (Rule 8). While Rules 13 and 14 also
function to prevent the waste of oil and gas resources, their primary purpose is to protect water resources from
pollution. Rule 8 encompasses the regulation of pits and other Impoundments associated with oil and gas waste and
the surface discharges of oil and gas waste.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-433-
-------
BTiTSt TIU3
5.6. Septlo NaaageaMOt FNCIWB)
Description:
FY 1984 Fundingt
Funding Souroe:
5.7. Bulk Stcrfje/Daderground Stone* *«* Frotrus
Descriptions
FY 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. CoBtajdnatioe XeapooM Prograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other!
UIC:
Description: The state began regulation of deep well mate injection under the Texas Disposal Veil Aot in 1962.
In the early 1970s, the Departaent of Water Resources also began regulating in-situ uranium leach mining under the
Water Quality Act. Both of these activities are now included in the Department's Underground Injection Control
programs as well as the regulation of the solution mining of brine, sodium sulfate, and sulfur. The Departaent of
Water Resources' annual budget for enforcement of UIC activities is approximately $50,000 to $100,000, FY 1965
4113,218, although much of the enforcement activities are carried out as a part of the UIC permitting function.
Solid Waste:
Description: Since the 1960s, the State Department of Water Resources has regulated by permit the majority of all
operations which used surface impoundments for storage, treatment, or disposal of aqueous wastes. In the early
1970s, regulation of industrial solid wastes was added. Much of the regulation under these programs was
specifically aimed at ground-water protection. With the passage of RCRA, most of the regulation of these
activities came together under the Department's industrial aolid waste and hazardous waste programs. The
Department of Water Resources' annual budget for enforcement of these programs is approximately $870,000.
Protection of Specific Aquifers:
Description: The Department of Water Resources has imposed special rules on certain activities in the area of the
Edwards Aquifer recharge zone. These rules require review and approval of certain projects by the Department. An
example of a project which would receive Department approval is the construction and operation of an underground
hydrocarbon storage tank such as those associated with gasoline servloe stations. State funding information for
this particular activity ia not readily available. The Edwards Aquifer has been designated as a sole source
aquifer by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agenoy.
-434-
-------
REGION VII
-------
STATE OiOUro-HATBB PJOQRAM SOMMAHT
STATE: IOWA
1. MATURE OP THE OROOID-NATER IBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characterlatioa. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formatiooa, rook types, areal extent and thlokneaa, tranamlssivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraoteriatloa
Physiographic
EegloB/ProYlace A:
Caabrlan-
Ordovlelan
Physiographic
Ragloo/ProTinoe B:
Miasiaaippian
Physiographic
•egloo/ProTloce C:
Silurian-Devonian
Percent of atate oorerod
by this prorlaoa (aatlMted)
99>
80*
65%
Oboooflned Aoulfef*(a)
Confined Aqulfer(a)
The Cambrian-Ordovlclan
Aquifer la the most
abundant In the atate,
particularly the Jordan
Sandstone section.
The Misalssipplan Aquifer The Silurian-Devonian
is the primary source of
water in north central
and southeastern Iowa.
Water quality
deteriorates under
Pennsylvania deposits
Aquifer is the primary
source of water in
eastern Iowa. Water
quality deteriorates
to the west and southwest.
Notes: In general ground-water flow is from northeast to southwest. Ground water is abundant and of good quality
in the eastern part of Iowa; it becomes progressively deeper and more mineralized as one goes west and south. The
most water-critical portion of the atate is in the southwest. The northeastern 22 counties exhibit karst
ohracterlstics at the ground surface — sink holes, solution cavities, extremely rapid surface water infiltration,
and incredibly high rates of subsurface flow.
-435-
-------
STATE: IOU
1. UTDRB OF THE GROUTO-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province P:
Surficial
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Dakota
Physiographic
Region/Province F:
Preshach
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
100|
25%
10*
Aqulfer(a)
Access to unconfined
aquifers is available
across the state. Shallow
alluvial and Pleistocene
sand/gravel systems
provide a major source
of water, particularly in
southwestern and south
central Iowa.
Confined Aquifer(a)
The Dakota Aquifer is the
primary source of water
in northwestern Iowa.
The formations are
generally of high yield
and good quality.
The Oresbach Aquifer is
present and utilized in
only a few counties in
eastern Iowa. Where used,
it Is generally of good
quality.
-436-
-------
3T1TB: XOV1
1.2. Primary Qaea of Ground Mater ma Percent of Total OMge
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including •unicipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater*
27
35
8°
29d
1
100
% Ground Hater
of Total Water"
61
71
63
99
ground-water volume 910 MOD.
''Total water volume 3,217 MOD.
clrrigation.
dRural domestic and livestock.
1.3* Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
Domestic
Hells
Total
76J
2,205,600
-437-
-------
STATE: IOU
2.1. Sources (Check Bajor aouroea of oontulmtlon
2 « next B»st serious, etc.)
ruk top four — 1 * «ost serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 7
Municipal land f ilia X 3
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 4
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
CtaecJc Rimk
X 6
X 5
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X 8
X 1
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
"
xa
xb
•HB^WHB
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
x°
xa
Other (specify)
"Primarily from agricultural operations. Potentially major contamination source, particularly in rural areas
utilizing shallow aquifers as drinking water sources.
^Fluoride is a naturally occurring contaminant state-wide; it is a minor contamination concern.
cRadium is a naturally occurring contaminant in deep aquifers; it is a minor contamination concern.
^Synthetic organic chemicals have been detected in low concentrations across the state; however, the source is
unknown at the present time.
-438-
-------
STATE: IOWA
3. STATE GRODNO-HATER MANAGEMENT STROCTOBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored bjr Statute
General Mater pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute Naaw/No.
Iowa Code, Chapter 455-B,
Division 3, Parts 1 and 4
Same as above.
Same as above.
Sane as above.
Iowa Code, Chapter 465.1,
465.7, and 468.
Iowa Code, Chapter 84
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Provides legislative authority to
protect state waters. Detailed rules
for Implementation are found in the
Rules of the Iowa Department of Hater,
Air, and Waste Management, Chapters
40-76.
Same as above.
Same as above.
Same as above.
Implemented by the Department of Soil
Conservation.
Implemented by the Department of Soil
Conservation .
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
Xa
X
aCurrently before the Iowa State Legislature.
-439-
-------
STATE: IOWA
3.2.2. DmlcpMDt of Oround-ltater Polloy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-Hater policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Vater, Air, and Waste Management
3.2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Yes X No
Preparation of a draft policy baa been underway for the past several months. Currently it is undergoing
review by the Iowa Department of Water, Air, and Waste Management. It was expected to be released for public
comment sometime during Summer 1965. The regional strategy is currently being Implemented in northeastern Iowa.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes XT
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
There are five classes based upon vulnerability to contamination. The classification system considers
geologic/hydrologic settings, including depth to bedrock, composition of bedrock, and geographic features.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3*2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-AAO-
-------
STATE: XOHA
3.3. State Acaoor tepcoalblllUaa far feauod-lhter Protection
State
Agency
Department of Hater,
Air, and Waste
Management*1
Department of
Agriculture
ZOMB Geological
Survey*
University Hygienic
Laboratory'
Department of Soil
Conservation
Orouod-
Water
Pallor/
•ule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
KBA
X
me*
FIB*
X
FK°
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aaulfar
Happing,
•to.
X
O^rninH-
Mater
Quality
X
X
Boll
Cooaw-
vatloo
X
inning
X
Protec-
tion
ftw
load
De-icing
Other
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
^US * Public Water System.
CPE z Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe primary regulatory agency in the state for Mater-related activities; emphasis on management of ground water as a
resource; regulates ground-water use and withdrawal, subsurface Injection, and waste disposal.
clowa Geological Survey has primary responsibility for subsurface geological investigations; carries out ground-water
investigations and studies. Maintains strip logs showing the geology of wells drilled across the state.
^Primary state water quality analysis laboratory; maintains water quality analysis records.
-441-
-------
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
3TAT2: IOHA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Oil and gas exploration
QMOk if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
See below under "Ground -water discharges.*
See below under "Ground -water discharges.*
In northeast Iowa, the Iowa Department of Mater, Air
Management, the Department of Soil Conservation, the
Geological Survey, and county conservation districts
together to control contamination in 22 counties.
, and Waste
Iowa
are working
See below under "Other."
Joint regulation by Department of Soil Conservation and Iowa
Geological Survey.
3.5. Status of Ground-Mater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check If
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
The Iowa Geological Survey conducts ground-water and bedrock
aquifer mapping to relate quality and quantity to geological
characteristics.
Ambient ground-water quality
Routine data collection is conducted by the Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management, USGS, and the University Hygienic
Laboratory.
Assessment at waste sites
Iowa State University conducts agricultural drainage well
monitoring for contaminants. Several cooperating state agencies
are conducting a karat area study in northeast Iowa to map and
identify pollutant sources.
Other (specify)
-442-
-------
STATE: XOVA
3.6. SUt« Ground-Hater Monitoring Progru
Types of MoBltorlag
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous taste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
OMOk
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Sampling is routinely conducted at Big Spring in
cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey, the
University Hygienic Lab, and the Conservation
Commission.
Ground-water samples are collected by the U.S.
Geological Survey from each municipal well on an
average of once every four years. Samples are
analyzed by the University Hygienic Laboratory,
which records the values and sends the results to
the USGS, the Iowa Department of Water, Air, and
Waste Management, and the Iowa Geological Survey.
Monitoring
Data
Cauterized
(Check)
X
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Internal
WATSTORE
and
STORE!
3«7« State Programs for Public Participation
— -~^^^ Context
Approaches ^~~~~--^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify) :
Resource assessment
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Ihtw Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
xa
* X X
Xc
Xb
aFor specific problems, town meetings, informational meetings, and ad hoc meetings are formed.
For large-scale problems, such as the 22-county karst area In northeast Iowa, educational programs for land
owners and the local population are organized.
Information on ambient ground-water quality Is published by the Iowa Geological Survey for each area of the
state.
-443-
-------
STATE: IOWA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PBOGBAMS TO PBOTBCT CROWD WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Progru
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
OnuBual/noteworthy
Program Cbaraoterlatica
DIG
Not delegated
Iova declined DIC primacy
EPA
EPA will Implement Iowa's 1422
program; Iowa has no gaa or oil
wells ao there is no 1425
program. Iowa does not permit any
injection other than heat to the
ground water.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Haste Management
PUS
Delegated
Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Iowa Department of
Agriculture
-444-
-------
4.2. Gnat Stttua
STATE: IOHA
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Oround-Hater
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
4780,000
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(j)
4331,000
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
41,324,100
RCRA
Section 3011
4399,500s
UIC
479,500
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
4197,100
alf final authorization is obtained, the state will receive an additional 459,500.
-445-
-------
STATE: XOHA
5. aTATK-OBIOIIATED GROUiD-WATBR PROTBCTIOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Oroond-ltater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standarda and classification)
Description: Under development.
FT 1984 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: Section 106 ground-water protection funds
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water samples are collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from each municipal well
approximately once every four years. Water quality analyses are conducted by the University Hygienic Laboratory.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State legislative appropriation
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Itepping
Description: Ground-water and bedrock aquifer mappings relating to quality, quantity, and geological
characteristics are conducted by the Iowa Geological Survey.
FI 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
Fy 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-446-
-------
STATE: IOHi
$.5. Nndts/CoDtrol of DlMbargM to Ground fetor
Description: Not allowed under Iowa law.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic IhnaflBBBit Pragma
Description:
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. OontaalnBtloo Response Prograi
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Emergency response.
FY 1981 Funding: (65,518
Funding Source: State funds
5.9. Other
Description: The Department of Soil Conservation regulates impacts of subsurface mining and mineral extraction on
ground water. The Iowa Department of Water, Air, and Waste Management regulates ground-water use and withdrawal,
subsurface injection, and waste disposal.
-447-
-------
arm QKOOKD-KATBR HOOJUM SOKHAET
STATE: KANSAS
1. BATORB OF THE CROUMD-MTEH BBSOPRCB
1.1. Geologic end Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloftl characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
CharacterlBtlca
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Rich rialM of UM
Physiographic
Bagiofi/ProviM* B:
UTW ftulM of UM BMt
PbyaJLogrvphlo
tecioa/Protriooe C:
Peroeot of state oovered
by thia prorlnoe (eatluted)
30*
701
OboOBftnea Aqulfer(a)
Qnconaolidated deposits
of clay, silt, sand, and
gravel comprise aquifera
such as the Qgallala
formation, alluvium, and
glacial drift. Contains
the aoat important and
generally most prolific
aquifera (60$ of the
state*a fresh water).
More than 600 feet of
unconsolidated rooks are
present in parts of south-
western Kansas where the
Ogallala is thickest.
Consolidated material
such as limestone,
dolomite, shale, and
sandstone store the
remaining 20} of ground-
water supplies.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
L
Notes: Essentially all the ground water in Kansas occurs In the sedimentary rocks, which can be divided Into
unconsolidated and consolidated rock formations. There are an estimated 400 million acre-feet of ground water
stored in Kansas.
-448-
-------
mm i
1.2. Mawjr OMB of around Hater u Percent of ToUl Ueage
CM
Public Water Syateoa
(including municipal)
Industrial
(axotpt municipal)
Agricultural
Domaatio /Rural
Othar (specify) t
Thermoelectric
loUl
% of Total f Oround Vatar.
Oround Hater* of Total thtar*
2 18
2 77
93° 92
2* 65
1 13
100
•Ground-v»t»r voluot 5,619 MOD.
bToUl water volume 6,600 MOD.
"Irrigation.
donaatie and llvutook.
1.3. Population lalianoa on Oround Hatar for Prinklai Hater for taar I960
Paroant of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Deawatio
ayatea* Valla
Total
67V
1,574,600
-449-
-------
STATE: KAISAS
2.1. Sources (Check major aouroes of oontomlmtian
2 * next moat aerlaua, «to.)
top four — 1 * moat serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tonka
Municipal land f ilia
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pita)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Oil/gas production Xa
Abandoned wells Xb
Accidental spills Xc
and leaks
Source Check Bunk
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
aOil and gas production is a major state-wide industry, and also a major-
source of ground-water problems state-wide. Of particular concern is the
disposal of oil field brines.
^Because abandoned wells relate to the oil and gas industry, they are also a
major state-wide problem. Abandoned wells are hard to locate, may have
been drilled before state regulations took effect, and have a high
potential for ground-water pollution.
Accidental spills and leaks are a locally significant problem, particularly
as they relate to the oil and gas Industry and to underground petroleum
facilities.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-450-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
3. STATS GBOOHMUTM MAIAQEIBKT STIUCTOiB
3.1. State StatutM Pertaining to Oround-tfater Quality
PollttUon Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General wter pollution
control
KSA, Chapter 65
Deals with public health, water analysis,
and prevention of pollution.
Ground-Hater quality
(Including public health
standards)
KSA 65-171*
KSA 55 and KSA 82-7
Drinking water standards.
Ground-water classification.
Solid waste
KSA 65 and KAR 26-29-1
Authority over solid waste.
Hazardous waste
KSA 65 and KAR 28-31
Mining
KAR 47-1 and KSA 49
KAR 28-43
Land reclamation of mined land.
Industry regulation of salt solution.
Oil and gas
KSA, Chapter 55
KAR 28-41(a)
KAR 82-3-300
Provide authority for control of oil
and gas activities and brine disposal.
Regulates oil field waste disposal.
Regulates drilling and plugging of
oil and gas wells.
Other (specify):
Underground storage,
disposal wells,
surface ponds
Water well construc-
tion and abandonment
Ground-water intensive
control areas
Petroleum products
storage tanks
Hydrocarbon storage
wells/systems
Underground injection
control
Oil field brine
spreading
KAR 28-13(a)
KSA 82-12 and KAR 28-30
KSA 82a-10
KAR 28-44
KAR 28-45
KAR 28-46
KAR 28-47
Regulates industry.
Procedure for regulating withdrawals
where ground water la contaminated.
Regulates industry.
Regulates industry.
Regulates industry
Controls salt spreading on roads.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Statue
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-451-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3*2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or atrategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environment
3*2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
1. Ground-Water Quality Management Plan (1962).
2. Memorandum of Understanding, Kansas Department of Health and Environment/Department of Water Resources
(1984) — deals with quantity/quality management.
3« Memorandum of Understanding, Kansas Department of Health and Environment/Kansas Corporation Commission
(1963) — joint operation of oil field regulatory program.
4. Memorandum of Understanding, Kansas Department of Health and Environment/State Fire Marahall ~ petroleum
storage tanks.
3.2.J. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The "Ground Water Quality Management Plan for the State of Kansas," published by the Kansas Department of
Health and Environment in January 1982, emphasizes management activities to prevent pollution, to protect
aquifers, and to coordinate administrative functions of state and local government.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
KSA 55 and KSA 82a-7 define fresh, useable, and brine water. Construction, permitting, operation, and
abandonment of wells must conform to classification system.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
Drinking water standards are used for ground-water quality assessment and enforcement. Several
standards are more stringent than Federal criteria.
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Inorganic chemicals.
-452-
-------
STATE: CAMSAS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Utter Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Health
and Environment
Water Office
Kansas Board of
Agriculture
Kansas Geological
Survey
Kansas Corporation
Commission
Oround-
Nater
Policy/
lule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
KRA
X
rac*
X
X
PBb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion.
Aquifer
Napping.
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X"
X6
aUIC s Underground Injection Control. (The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is responsible for Class I, III,
IV, and V wells. The Kansas Corporation Commission is reponslble for Class II wells.)
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
''Office is responsible for long-range water resource planning.
'Commission is responsible for the water quality aspects of the gas and oil industry in the state (Class II wells).
-453-
-------
STATE: EAMSAS
3.4.
Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
(Class II wells)
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Petroleum storage tanks
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Burton Oil Field (portion of Equus beds) .
Coordination of quality and quantity administrative programs.
Kansas regulations require the joint operation of the Under-
ground Injection Control program by both the Kansas Corporation
Commission and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.
Coordination of activities with the Division of Emergency
Preparedness .
Permitting, inspection, and enforcement agreement between the
Kansas Department of Health and Environment and the State Fire
Marshall.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
In northwest Kansas, a management model bus been designed to
develop an optimal strategy for the use of the Ogallala Aquifer
for the next ten years. There Is also a .Joint project between
the state and Kansas State University on recharge of the Bquus
Beds aquifer. In northeast Kansas, the abate just completed s
four-year study on the general hydrogeoloffioal characteristics
of Pleistocene river deposits.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment of a 500-we11 network on sampling and scope.
Assessment at waste sites
Statewide general site assessment for solid waste (1978) and
for low-level radioactive waste (1984).
Other (specify):
Salt water intrusion study
In the Big Bend area, the state is evaluating the potential
and extent of salt water intrusion and the amount of natural
recharge. In the Wichita area, the state is studying the
optimal rate of fresh water pumpage needod to minimize salt
water encroachment. In the Salina area, there is a joint
project with USGS to find out the mechanism of salt water
intrusion. Control project submitted to the state legislature
(1985). In southeast Kansas, the state recently completed
Phase I of a study to determine the salt water/fresh water
interface and production potential.
-454-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
*
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Area intensive
monitoring
Check
X
x
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Selected solid waste and Industrial sites.
Ninety observation/monitoring wells as a part of the
HIES site cleanup.
Samples collected as part of oil field and other
Investigations .
State and Federal surf ace /ground -water monitoring
monitoring program.
In a cooperative agreement between the Kansas
Geological Survey and USGS, approximately 640 water
wells state-wide are monitored to determine water
levels and water quality in fresh water aquifers.
Kansas Geological Survey area sampling study on
one-year cycle.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
X
Name of
Database
(Specify/ 1
[
I
I
DISC
DISC
KGS
HATSTORE
STOHET
KGS
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
' — -_^^^ Context
Approaches >^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
fetar Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X Xa
Xa
Xa
X X
1
aCarried out as part of the 1982 Ground-Water Quality Management Plan Study.
-455-
-------
4. 8T1TI XHFLIMUTaTXOI V ROIIAL PBOOUMS TO P10TECT QMODID WATER
4.1. Proem Status
f«d«rml
Prognui
Status of Prograji DalagatlOB
State XapleaMnting iguoy
Prograa Cbarsotariatioa
UIC
1425 program dtltgatad
1422 prograB d*l«gtt«d
Kanaaa Corporation Coniaaion
Kanaaa Dtpartaant of Htalth
and Envlronmtnt
flCRA
Dalagatad, Ptaaac 1
Kanaaa Dapartnant of Haalth
and Environmant
PUS
Oalagatad
Kanaaa Dapartaent of Haalth
and Environment
Paaticidaa
Enforoaoant
Delegated
Kanaaa State Board of
Agriculture
-456-
-------
arm.
4.2. Grant Jttto*
tout
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Nktcr Act
106
$570,000
Clean Water Aot
Seotioe 205(J)
$222,820
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$883,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$350,000
UIC
$392,300
FIFRA
Section 23(aXD
$151,600
-457-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
5. 8TATB-OBXGXMATED GROUND-MATES FftOTECTXON PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is the lead agency for ground-water quality
management activities which Include regulatory, planning, and health functions related to water supplies. The
Kansas Water Office la responsible for long-range water resource planning.
FT 1984 Funding: $20,000
Funding Source: State general funds and Federal drinking water funds
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Cooperative agreement with OSGS to do quarterly sampling of ambient network. The Kansas Department
of Health and Environment's laboratory does the sample analysis.
FY 1984 Funding: $50,000 (in-kind services)
Funding Source: State general fund
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Kansas Geological Survey conducts studies on ground water and geological formations.
FY 1984 Funding: $829,000
Funding Source: State general funds
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The Kansas State Board of Agriculture administers the pesticide control program (inspection and
regulation of pesticides, plant pests and diseases, etc.)
FY 1984 Funding and Sources: $904,280 — State general funds
$407,442 — Other funds
-458-
-------
STATE: EilSAS
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Oround Water
Description:
Kansas Department of Health and Environment — Class I, III, IV, and V UIC mils
Kansas Corporation Commission/Kansas Department of Health and Environment — Class n DIC wells
Kansas Department of Health and Environment — water pollution control programs
Kansas Department of Health and Environment — licensing of water well contractors; handles abandoned wells
FY 1984 Funding: $4,150,000
Funding Source: State general funds; Federal funds
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Single-family waatewater treatment lagoons.
PY 1964 Funding: 135,000
Funding Source: State general funds
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Kansas Department of Health and Environment has regulations regarding the installation and
operation of petroleum storage tanks. The Department is also responsible for leak detection monitoring and the
handling of abandoned petroleum storage tanks located above and below ground.
FX 1984 Funding: $21,000
Funding Source: State general funds
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Kansas Department of Health and Environment regulates solid and hazardous waste and coordinates
emergency response program.
Fit 1984 Funding: $884,691
Funding Source: State and Federal funds
5.9. Other
Description: The Kansas State Board of Agriculture determines water quantity allocation issues.
FY 1984 Funding: $2,605,766
Funding Source: State general funds
-459-
-------
STATE OROPBP-WATBK HOOKAH 30MMABT
STATE: MISSOURI
1. IATUBB OF THE CROWD-WATER IBSODRCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and bydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transnisslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
legion/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Oboooflned Aquifer(a)
Alluviui along rivers
and streasa, including
Mississippi liver
deposits in the boot heel
area.
Glacial till and
buried pre-glaeial
channels in northern
Missouri.
Cretaceous and
Tertiary rocks.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Notes: In general, ground water is of falr-to-poor quality in the north and along a narrow strip in western
Missouri. Excellent quality water is available in the central, southern, and southeast portions of the state.
-460-
-------
STATE: MXSSOUBI
1. MATURE Of THE GBOOVD-VATEB RBSODRCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transoisslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Beglon/ProYinee D:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/ProTlnce P:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Qnconfined Aqulfer(a)
Paleozoic rocks are
distributed around
the entire state except
for the St. Francois
mountains, aostly
fractured limestone or
dolomite with some
sandstone. These can
yield large amounts of
water. The quality is
particularly good in
southern Missouri in
the Ozark region.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-461-
-------
ST1TB: MZSSOOBX
1.2. Primary Oaes of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Oi
OM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural0
Domestic/Rural11
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater*
33
25
21
18
3
100
% Ground Hater
of Total Hater*
22
«3
77
51
1
'Total ground-water volume 479 MOD.
nTotal water volume 6,811 MOD.
Irrigation.
^Includes livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
Domestic
Hells
Total
31*
1,546,022
-462-
-------
STATE: MISSOURI
2*1 Sources (Cbeck major aouroea of ooataminatioB and rank top four
2 * next aoat aerious, etc.)
— 1
it serious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks Xs
Municipal landfills
do-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits) X6
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Strip mining Xd
Improperly con-
structed and un-
plugged water
wells Xe
Oil/chemical spills Xf
Source Cbeok Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites X
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xc
Road salting
*A significant threat to karst areas and the excellent ground-water quality in the southern part of the state.
bSurface impoundments include both Industrial and municipal waste lagoons. Industrial lagoons and discharges
occur mostly around population centers and concentrate contaminants in a relatively small area; a significant
problem. Municipal waste lagoons are particularly troublesome in the karst area in the southern part of state.
Agricultural chemicals are a significant source of non-point contamination.
dStrip mining is a locally significant source of surface contamination.
*These wells introduce unnecessary contamination into vulnerable ground-water regions; a significant problem.
rOil and chemical spills are particularly prevalent in Missouri with its dioxln problems; significant locally.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aDioxin contamination.
-463-
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STATEI NXS300RX
3. arm (noon-vim MAJUQBMUT STBOCTORB
S.I. State Statutes Pertaining to around-Vater Quality and PoUuUon Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laM/Mo.
OMorlption of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mailer Protection
Central mtw pollution
control
Revised Statutes, Chapter 204
Water Pollution, Sections 201.006-
204.141 (Missouri Clean Mater Law)
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gaa
Revised Statutes, Chapter 559
Other (specify):
U1C
Revised Statutes, Public Safety
Offenses, Sec. 577-155
Prohibits waste disposal wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cbeck
X
X
-464-
-------
81*11: MZSSOORI
3.2.2. DmlopBent of around-Nater Policy
3.2.2.1. Zs there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Tea X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources, Water Resources Research and Planning
Program
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Missouri maintains its ground-water quality by utilizing existing statutes and regulations. No formal,
central ground-water policy has been formulated; the state is beginning to develop a ground-water strategy. The
strategy will be written by a task group of representatives from the Division of Geology and Land Survey, and the
Division of Environmental Quality.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.11.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1).2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yea
No
3.2.5>3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-465-
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STATE: MISSOORX
3.5. State Ageaey BeapoBalbilltlea for Ground-Water Protection
Reapenalble
State
AfMoy
Department of
Environmental Quality
Division of Geology
and Land Survey
Department of Natural
Resources, Division
of Environmental
Quality
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Pederally-Aelegated Program
KM.
X
01C*
X
PBb
X
PBC
X
Otber
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Kater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Hlolng
Protec-
tlon
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
aUIC « Underground Injection Control.
bPHS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
-466-
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STATE: MISSOURI
3.1. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges '
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Oil and gas operations
Cbeck if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agenciee
The Clean Water Commission is responsible for water
contamination control and clean water regulations, including
those covering UIC 1422 wells. The six members are appointed by
the Governor.
See below under "Other."
The Oil and Gas Council regulates oil and gas operations in the
state and has jurisdiction over illegal, malfunctioning, or
unplugged wells. Members of the Council Include representatives
of the Division of Geology and Land Survey, the University of
Missouri, the Clean Hater Commission, and others. Two members
are appointed by the Governor.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Cbeck if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The state has completed an aquifer identification program done
with EPA grant funds; a hydrogeologic study of shallow ground
water in western Missouri done by the Division of Geology and
Land Survey; an aquifer narrative developed by the Division of
Geology and Land Survey as part of the UIC 1422 application; a
Pennsylvania aquifer exemption developed by the Division of
Geology and Land Survey as part of their UIC 1425 application;
and numerous studies and publications of a general nature
developed by the Division of Environmental Quality and the
Division of Geology and Land Survey.
-467-
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STATE: MISSOURI
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Miscellaneous
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Public Drinking Water Program is testing systems
with a high risk for contamination by synthetic
organic compounds.
A well monitoring system has been set up throughout
Missouri in a cooperative effort between USGS, the
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, and other
Federal and state agencies.
Random sampling is being conducted for specific
studies or investigations.
Monitoring
Data
Gxputerized
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
— ^^^ Context
Approaches ---^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
Water Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X Xa
X X
aOil and gas wells.
-468-
-------
STATE: MISSOURI
«. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Dnuaual/lotevorthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
1425 program delegated
1422 program application
pending
Division of Geology
and Land Survey
Division of Geology
and Land Survey
The state has approximately 475
oil and gas injection wells, of
which 325 are active, with over
90% used for enhanced recovery.
Currently conducting a Class V
inventory; Class I and IV wells
are prohibited; no known Class
III wells exist.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources
State may return program to the
EPA.
PWS
Delegated
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental
Quality
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Missouri Department of
Agriculture
-469-
-------
srm: MISSOURI
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget;
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$960,000
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$678,200
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
$2,713,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$790,000
UIC
$9",100
FIFRA
Section 23UMD
$199,600
-470-
-------
STUB: MISSOURI
5. ST1TB-OHIGHATBD QROOID-VATBR PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. OrowxWIater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Division of Geology and Land Survey conducts ground water and geological formation studies.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-471-
-------
STATBt KI3300IZ
5.5. PawHU/Ccotrol of DlMtargu to Ground Water
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
fiaaorlption:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storaca/Dndercround Storact Tank Progrue
Deaoriptlon:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8* Contamination Responae Pragma
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
Description: The Division of Environmental Quality regulates state water-related activities such as ground-water
use, withdrawal, and quality.
-472-
-------
STATS; RBBASKA
1. UTDRB Of TBB OBODMD-HATIl USOOXCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Character iatloa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.t. formations! rook types, areal extant and thickness, transnlaalvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraeteriatioa
Phyalograpnlo
Begion/Frovinoe A:
Physiographic
Begion/ProTinoe B:
Phyalograpbio
Baglon/ProTinoe
C:
Percent of atate covered
by this prorinoe (eatiaated)
Oboooflaad Aquifar(a)
Much of Nebraska la
underlain at shallow
depth by the Ogallala
Aquifer. It supplies
moderate to large
quantities of good
quality water to
domestic, public,
irrigation, and
industrial water supply
wells.
Unconsolidated alluvial
deposits of Quaternary
age are also important
aquifers.
Geologically older,
deeper and lower
yielding secondary
aquifers provide water
where the Ogallala is
thin or absent. The
low to moderate yields
are of acceptable quality
and found in eastern
Nebraska (the Dakota
Aquifer) and in the
panhandle (the Hemlngford,
Arlkaree, and Brule
Formations).
Confined Aquifer (a)
The Chadren Aquifer Is
utilized in some areas
of the Panhandle of the
state.
The Dakota Aquifer,
utilized in some areas of
the eastern part of the
state, is confined in
some places.
-473-
-------
STATE: IBBXASU
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural0
Domestic/Rural*3
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater* of Total Water1*
3 79
0.6 91
94 72
2 66
0.1 1
100
^Total ground-water volume 7,139 MGD.
bTotal water volume 12,024 MGD.
clrrigation.
Includes livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
80. 9 %
786,219
Donestlc
Wells*
19*
279,941
Total
99*
1,568,514
a£stinate.
-474-
-------
arm i BBJUSEA
2 • next most serious, etc.)
top fOltr —1« MMt SCr
Source Cteok lank
Septic tanks Z
Municipal landfills Z
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments Z
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits Z
Underground storage Z
tanks
Other (specify):
Abandoned barnyards X
Source Gbeok Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous Z
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Z
Road salting
Motes: Ranking of these sources would be misleading at this time sirice sampling has been unevenly distributed
across the state. Ne do not have data available to Indicate which sources may be more of a problem than others.
2.2. Conta.lne.tiag Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Xa
xb
Metals X
Radioactive material _____
Pesticides
Other (specify)
xc
X*
'Contamination originates from manufacturing and chemical processes; a local problem.
''Contamination is due to agricultural fertilizers and waste disposal areas (septic tanks, barnyards). May be
either a local or a regional problem.
°Contamlnation is due to agricultural operations and determination of magnitude of problem cannot be made from
existing data.
dlncludes gasoline and hydrocarbons, which originate from spills and leaks from underground storage tanks; a
local problem.
-475-
-------
STATE: ftZBRASKA
3. STATE GRODHD-VATEB MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Grouad-Hat«r Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-mter quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Pesticides
Livestock waste control
Commercial fertilizers
and soil conditioners
Statute lame/No.
Revised Statutes, Chapter 81: 1501-1533
Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
Revised Statutes, 71-5302:
Nebraska Safe Drinking Water Act
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act (NEPA)
Revised Statutes, 61: 1501-1533
81:1515-1528 (NEPA)
19:4101-4121, 19:2107-2112
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act, 81:1505
Revised Statutes, 57:901-921
Revised Statutes, Article 2,
Chapter 26: Regulation of
Economic Poisons
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act
81-2
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-lhter Protection
General pollution control authority for
Department of Environmental Control.
Not protective of ground water directly,
but may prevent Installation of wells in
areas of contaminated water
General authority for the Department
of Environmental Control.
Waste Disposal Area Licensing
City Disposal Site Requirements
Garbage Disposal Site Approval
Requirements for various siting, design,
and monitoring criteria.
Exploration holes.
Registration requirements similar to
pesticide registration information.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-476-
-------
STATE: BBRiSKA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Mater Policy
3*2.2.1. la there a ground-Miter policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering oonmlttee: Department of Environmental Control
Tea X No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Development of a ground-water quality protection strategy for Nebraska has progressed since 1981. Early
stages Involved the compilation of data on the ground-water resource (both occurrence and quality aspects}. An
assessment of ground-water quality problems in Nebraska was completed. Existing Federal and state authorities and
regulations related to ground-water quality protection were analyzed to identify deficiencies in protection. This
information was then used to develop proposals for strengthening protection of ground-water quality through
modifying or supplementing existing programs or proposing new programs. Implementation of strategy components
will take three to five years.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Nebraska issued a draft ground-water protection strategy in June 1984; it is currently being reviewed for
final release. It proposes that since underground aquifers furnish drinking water to every community in the state
but two, ground-water contamination must be prevented to the maximum degree possible. It discusses the major
sources of pollution in Nebraska, the Institutional capabilities for dealing with them, protective measures now
existing or required, financing, and timing of additional measures. Due to the complexities involved, the
strategy does not offer a final solution to ground-water problems, but rather a course for systematically
addressing the state's ground-water Issues. This involves collection of information on the occurrence of
potential ground-water pollution sources in Nebraska, then development of regulatory programs to address those
potential sources.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
To establish levels for ground-water restoration for paramenters included in the standards.
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Those included in the Federal primary drinking water standards and most of the secondary drinking water
standards.
-477-
-------
3TATB: RBRASEA
3.3. SUU Agency BeapoaaibiUtleB for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental Control
Oil and Gaa
Conservation
Commission
Department of
Health
University of
Nebraska ,
Conservation and
Survey Division
Department of
Agriculture
Natural Resources
Comnlsslon
Department of
Water Resources
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCJU
X
rac*
X*
xf
FIB*
X
PB<
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
X
Xh
Soil
Conaer-
vatloci
X
Mining
Xe
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X«
X1
8UIC e Underground Injection Control.
b
PWS a Public Water System.
CPE * Pesticides Enforcement.
department of Envirorurental Control has 1422 primacy.
eln situ mining.
fOil and Gaa Conservation Commission has 1425 primacy.
8Cotunlsslon regulates ground-water quality through oil and gas statutes.
nNo responsibility over aouroea of contamination; responsibility in terms of quality of water supplied to user at the tap.
Apartment regulates the use and registration of pesticides In the state.
-473-
-------
STATE: RBRASEA
3.1. Inter-Agency Agreementa
Topi 00
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-Mater discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground -water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Mining
Septic tanks
Q|ff«V if
Anolioable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Ageooiee
An unwritten arrangement exists between the Department of
Environmental Control and the Department of Health concerning
the responsibilities of each with regard to public water supply
systems and aquifer protection.
A Memorandum of Agreement exists between the Department of
Environmental Control and the Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission which governs the joint administration of the UIC
program in the state. There is a written agreement between the
Department of Environmental Control and the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission which governs the in-situ mining of uranium ores.
Agreement between USDA Forest Service, the Department of
Environmental Control, and the Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission regarding the exchange of information on uranium-
related operating plans.
Agreement between the Department of Environmental Control and
the Department of Health regarding the Inspection of septic tank
systems .
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Agricultural contamination
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Aquifer mapping of principal aquifers, Including the Ogallala,
was completed in 1981; a "Ground-Water Pollution Potential in
Nebraska" map was compiled as part of the ground-water quality
protection program. This map illustrates areas which are
physically sensitive to ground-water pollution.
USGS monitors wells statewide. The Department of Health
monitors municipal supply systems. Some natural resource
districts monitor water quality across their regions.
Proposal from Southeast Nebraska Study: monitoring program to j
identify nitrate contamination; 300 ground-water well samples |
will be collected In a 1,150 square mile area for a one-time j
assessment. |
-479-
-------
STATE: IEBRA3KA
3.6. State Ground-Vater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous Haste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
OMok
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Selected licensed landfills are monitored.
The state identified all existing ground-water
quality sampling and monitoring sites as of 1961 •
Locations of registered irrigation wells are updated
yearly. Ground-water levels are monitored statewide.
Monitoring
teU
Computerised
(Check)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3*7. State Programs for Public Participation
^"^^-^^^ Context
Approaches ~ _^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
NhUr Permit Adoption, Vater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
Xa
X X
Xb X*
'Specific contamination occurrences.
bThe Department of Environmental Control discusses these topics.
-480-
-------
ami: NEBRASKA
4. STATE ZNPLHBIT1TXOI V RDMAL PIOOIiNS TO PROTECT ORODMD IUT1R
4.1. Program Status
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agcooy
Otausual/Noteworthy
Ctaraoteriatioa
UIC
1422 program delegated
1125 program delegated
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control
Nebraska Gas and Oil
Conservation Commission
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control
PVS
Delegated
Nebraska Department of
Health
Pesticides Not delegated
Enforcement
Direct Federal implementation.
-481-
-------
STATE: MBBRASU
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 AUooatioo
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$620,000
Clean Vater Act
Section 205(J)
$125,130
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (g)
$500,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,900
UIC
$100,000
FIFRA
Section 23
-------
STATE: OBXASU
5. STATB-OHIGIMATBD OIOOID-W1TKB PBOTBCTION PIOOIiMS
5.1. Oround-ltotor Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Nebraska issued a draft ground-water protection strategy in June 1984 which calls for the prevention
of ground-water pollution to the maximum degree possible. The strategy is not a solution, but a guideline for
systematically addressing the state's ground-water issues. The draft is currently being reviewed for final
release.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: 206
5.2. Ground-Hater Ifenitorlag
Description: The strategy proposes developnent of regional ground-water nonitoring programs targeted to specific
potential sources of ground-water contamination present in each region. To date, monitoring activities, funded
under 106, have been restricted to complaint or problem verification and identification in isolated areas.
FT 1984 Funding: None for ambient monitoring
Funding Source: None
5.3. Ground-Water leaouroe Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: A "Ground-Water Pollution Potential in Nebraska" map was compiled as part of the ground-water
quality protection program. The Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska conducts
geological and bydrogeologioal studies.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 208
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Legislation pending.
TT 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source: None
-483-
-------
STATE: NEBRASKA
5.5. Pondte/Cootrol of Disonarges to Oround Hater
Description: Involves the UIC program only. The major activity involved with in situ uranium mining under a
pilot project. Regulations in Claaa V wells involves two approaches: (1) regulate by permit if source has
potential for environmental degradation; and (2) regulate by rule for those sources with leas potential impact.
Class n wells are regulated by the Oil and Gas Commission.
FT 1984 Funding: $31,600
Funding Source: DIG
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Department of Environmental Control implements regulations for septic tank pollution control in
cooperation with the Department of Health. The Department of Health manages the septic tank program under a
Memorandum of Agreement with the Department of Environmental Control. The Department of Environmental Control has
promulgated the rules and regulations for this program.
FT 1984 Funding: None for Department of Environmental Control; Department of Health funding unknown
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Legislation pending.
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source: None
5.8. Contaminatioti Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Legislation pending.
Fy 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 106
5.9. Otter
Description:
-484-
-------
REGION VIII
-------
STATE CROOKD-HATBR PROGRAM SOMMABY
STATE : COLORADO
1. MTURE OF THE CROWD-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologio Characteristics, Describe general geological and hydrologies!
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer iaterconnectioc
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
High Plains Province
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Rocky Mountain Province
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Colorado Plateau Province
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconfined Aquifer(s)
The High Plains Province
has a relatively simple
geology, consisting of
sedimentary layers ex-
tending east from the
mountains to the border.
Ground-water use in thia
region is from alluvial
aquifers along major
rivers and Tertiary and
Cretaceous sedimentary
bedrock aquifers. The
Ogallala formation is a
major semi-consolidated
sedimentary aquifer in
eastern Colorado, which
Is presently being mined.
The western flank of the
High Plains of Colorado
encompasses the major
Fort Collins/Denver/
Colorado Springs popula-
tion center. Ground-water
use in this area is pri-
marily from the Denver,
Dawson, Arapahoe, Laramie,
and Fox Hills formations.
Highly fractured bedrock
systems are used for
ground water in the
Foothills region.
The Rocky Mountain Prov-
ince's geology is very
complex, consisting of
mountain ranges and
valley fill, both con-
solidated and unconsol-
idated. This area is
generally sparsely pop-
ulated. In some valleys
there is extensive use
of both deep and shallow
ground-water sources.
The San Luis Valley is
a very high ground-water
use area. Again,
alluvial aquifers along
drainages are often used
locally.
Ground-water sources in
the Colorado Plateau
Province are mainly from
unconsolidated alluvial
aquifers, with minor
usage of consolidated
sediments of Cretaceous
and older ages. Water
quality In this province
varies widely with the
most mineralized water
generally coming from
consolidated sediments.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-485-
-------
STATIl COLORADO
1.1. FriMry HIM of Ground V»Ur u Percent of Total UM*«
DM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Not specified
Total
% of Total | Ground Hater
Ground Utter of Total Hater
2-3
96
1-2
100
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
25»
700,000
Domestic
Wells
1*
125,000
Total
29%
625,000
-486-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
2t1. Sources (Cheok major aouroea of contamination and rank top four
2 • ant aoat serious, etc.)
1 » aoat aerioua,
Source
Septic tanks
Cheok Rank
X 2
Municipal landfills
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Mine drainage
Rocky Mountain
Arsenal
X
X
X 3
X
X
X 6
X 1
Source Cheok Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 4
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 5
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
.
X
X
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-487-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
3. STATE 6ROUND-VATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground -water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute Hame/Ho.
Water Quality Control Act
Public Health Statutes
Solid Haste Act
Hazardous Haste Act
Radiation Control Act
Mined Land Reclamation Act
Oil and Gas Conservation Act
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Act gives State Health Department
authority to protect state Haters,
including ground water.
Statutes confer authority on the Health
Department .
Act give state authority to regulate
disposal of liquid and semi-liquid Hastes.
Act gives state authority to regulate
generation, transport, and disposal of
hazardous waste.
Act allows state to regulate ground
water impacts of radioactive mining
facilities.
This act gives the state authority to
regulate active facilities post-1976.
Act allows state to regulate drilling,
exploration, and production for ground
Hater protection. Also gives authority
for Class II wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground Hater covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-Hater quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-488-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Foliar
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Tes _3C No ___
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering coomlttee: Hater Quality Connission and Hater Quality Control Division
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Hater Quality Control Division is in the process of developing regulations. The first set of
regulations are targeted for adoption by July 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Cheek
X
X
Notes: The Colorado Hater Quality Commission adopted a ground-water protection goal (policy «Utenant) in Nay
1984. The goal is to control or prevent activities which have potential to lapair existing or future beneficial
ground-water uses, or to adversely lapaot public health.
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes No X
Not formally adopted, but proposed.
3.2.4.2. If yea, give brief description of classes:
As proposed:
Use Category 1: Suitable for all uses. IDS a 0 to 3,000 ppm.
Use Category 2: Suitable for all uses. TDS less than 10,000 ppm.
Use Category 3: Not suitable for drinking water.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-439-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
3.3. State Agency Beaponalbilltle* for Ground-Water Protection
Beapooaible
State
Agency
Oil and Gas
Conservation
Commission
Department of
Health, Water
Quality Control6
Department of
Health, Radiation
Control Division
Department of
Health, Waste
Management
Division
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Natural Resources
Ground-
MaUr
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
F«derally-*el«gated Program
MBA
X
roc*
X*
PlBb
X
PB°
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion ,
Aquifer
tapping,
•to.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
load
De-icing
Other
X
Xr
X*
xh
*UIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS a Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
''the Oil and Gas Conservation Commission implements the UIC Class II program and has requirements for oil/gas well and
evaporative disposal pit construction.
*The Colorado Department of Health, Water Quality Control Division is the lead agency in ground-water protection. The
Division also Implements the NPDES program, and the Individual Sewage Disposal program.
*The Colorado Department of Health, Radiation Control Division Implements the Radiation Control program.
gThe Department of Health, Waste Management Division will Implement the Solid and Hazardous Waste programs.
"The Department of Natural Resources implements the Mined Land Reclamation program.
-490-
-------
3.*. InUr-Agency Agreements
STATE: COLORADO
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Oraok If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreeawnts
and Agencies
The High Plains Technical Coordinating Comlttee was involved in
a six-state study of the Ogallala Aquifer.
The Ad Hoc Advisory Commission was formed to provide guidance on
ground-water strategy/policy development.
Site specific committees are formed (i.e., Rocky Mountain
Arsenal, Lovrry Landfill).
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste aites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Extensive mapping has been performed on designated ground-water
basins. Limited Information Is available on other aquifers.
IDS contour and aquifer depth and thickness information was
compiled In 1981. The Denver Basin Is presently being mapped.
-491-
-------
STATS: COLOtADO
3.6. State Qraund-Uatar Monitoring Program
Typea of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
waste altes
Hazardous waate aitaa
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Quantity monitoring
Cheek
X
X
Brief Deeorlptloo of Monitoring Program
A email quality atudy (USQS/looal) ia being performed
in eastern Colorado. The State Health Department la
proposing a pilot ground-water quality baaeline atudy
for n 1985.
A previoua water level monitoring network of 1 ,700
wells operated jointly by the State Enginaer/USGS
haa been reduced to 500 wells operated by USGS and
local water management districts, due to atate
funding outs.
Itonitoring
Data
CuapuUrised
(Ch*ck)
•ame of
OaUbaoe
(Specify)
3.7. SUte
for Public Participation
' — ^^^ Context
Approaches -^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
»ur Permit Adoption, Mater
Issues Xaauaaoe Cbanges Strategy Other
X X
X
X
X
-492-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
4. STATE IM>LEKBNTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GRODNO HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
OZC
Delegated, Class II only
Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission
RCRA
Tentative decision to
delegate
Department of Health
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Not delegated; possible
FY 1985 partial delegation
Department of
Agriculture
-493-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
FT 1965 Allocution
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$576,000 Recent 106 aupplement to be applied to taaka atlll
undetermined.
Hater Quality Standards
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$195,690
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
1782,760
RCRA
Section 3011
1*33,000
UJC
(136,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
$118,000
-494-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
5. STATK-ORIGXIATBD OROOID-VATBI FIOTBCTXOI PROOIANS
5.1. Oround-lhUp Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and olaMifioation)
Description: The Colorado Water Quality Commission adopted a ground-water protection coal (policy ataUa«nt) in
May 1981, intended expraaaly to oontrol or prevent activities which have potential to Impair exiating or future
beneficial ground-water uses, or to adveraely impact public health. The Water Quality Control Division ia in the
prooeaa of developing regulations.
An Ad Hoe Adviaory Commission was formed to provide guidance on ground-water strategy/policy development.
FT 1981 Funding t None
Funding Source i
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The previous water level monitoring network of 1,700 wells operated jointly by the State Engineer
and USOS has been reduced to 500 wells operated by USOS and local water unageaent districts, due to state funding
outs. A small quality study (USGS/looal) ia being performed in eastern Colorado. The State Health Department ia
proposing a pilot ground-water quality baseline study for FY 1985.
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.3. Orouad-Water Rocouroe aaeeaamefit/Aquifer Study/Hipping
Description: Extensive mapping has been performed on Designated Ground-Water Basins. Limited information is
available on other aquifera. TDS contour and aquifer depth and thickness information was compiled in 1961. The
Denver Basin ia presently being mapped.
The High Plains Technical Coordinating Committee was involved in a six-state study of the Ogallala Aquifer.
FT 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1961 Funding: None
Funding Source:
-495-
-------
STATR: COLORADO
5.5. Pmrmlta/Control of DlaohargM to Oround Mater
Description: The Oil and tea Conservation Commission regulates on-slte and central facllitios for produced
waters/oil field Mates.
The Haate Management Division of the Department of Health implements a surface Impoundmnnt permit system.
The Radiation Control Act allow the state to regulate ground-Mater Impacts of radioactive mining facilities.
The Solid Haate Act allows the mtate to regulate disposal of solid, liquid, and Mai-liquid Hastes.
FZ 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Colorado Department of Health, Water Quality Control Division regulates individual sewage
disposal systems (XSDS), but the program Is delegated to local health departments where they exist.
FT 1981 Funding: 1 FTE
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Colorado Department of Labor, State Inspector of Oils regulates the storage (bulk and
underground) of refined petroleum products.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Colorado Department of Health, Office of Health Protection, has an organized emergency response
effort for environmental emergencies.
FT 1964 Funding: No additional funds
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-496-
-------
STATE OROPMD-WATBR PBOORAM SUMMART
STATE: MOITAIA
1. MATURE Or THB GROOID-HATER BBSOORCB
1.1. Oeologlo and Hydrologio Characterlatloa. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(I.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmisslvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Percent of state covered
by this proTlooe (eatlaated)
Onoonfined Aquifer (a)
Confined Aquifer(s)
Pbyalogrmphlc
Region/Province A:
Rocky Mountain Region
Physiographic Ptyalographlo
Region/Province B: Region/Proviooe C:
Great Plains Region
This is an area of rugged
•contain ranges and
intervening valleys.
Folding, faulting, and
igneous activity pro-
duced these formations.
Since the aquifers assoc-
iated with these geologic
formations have been so
changed, only the valley
aquifers are generally
available for use.
The stream-deposited
valley sediments are
composed of gravels,
sands, silts, and clays.
Water availability from
these alluvial deposits
is variable and dependent
upon the character of the
deposits. Streams are
hydraullcally connected
to the alluvial aquifers,
creating a surface water/
ground-water link.
Glacial deposits of sedi-
ment form the other
primary type of valley
aquifer. These glacial
aquifers range from a few
to hundreds of feet thick,
depending upon location
and mode of deposit.
This region extends from
the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains to the
Montana-North Dakota
border, and is under-
lain by flat to gently
dipping sedimentary
rocks. The rocks that
form the surface are
generally soft and
have been eroded into
rolling plains. There
are 3 main aquifers:
Alluvial Aquifers:
made from loose deposits
above the sedimentary
formations. These con-
sist of sands, silts,
gravels, and clays
situated adjacent to
surface water systems.
They are generally less
than 30 feet thick, but
may be 200 feet thick
along major rivers.
Fort Union Formation:
probably the most used
aquifer in the region,
because it is close to
the surface. Generally
this formation is less
than 1,500 feet thick,
but it is more than
8,000 feet thick in
southeastern Montana.
Eacle Format Ion:
rarely more than 400
feet thick. The area
in which thla aquifer la
used noat corresponds to
the area whare the forma-
tion is !••• than 300
fttt b«low the surface.
Siltiton* and anal* are
the dominant units.
-497-
-------
STATE: HOMTANA
1.2. Primary OMB of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater
21
10
j,6»
23
100
% Ground Hater
of Total Hater
Irrigation and livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
21»
185,000
Domestic
Hells
3MJ
262,500
Total
53*
217,500
-498-
-------
STATE: NORTAIA
.1. Source* (Check Mjor •ouroes of contamination and rank top four
2 • next most various, etc.)
— 1 « Boat aerloua,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
Cheek Rank
X
xa
On-site Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
xa
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining
Accidental spills
x°
X
Source Cbeck Bank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xb
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X*
X6
aGround-water contamination from solid waste disposal sites can occur as water moves laterally through buried
wastes or as precipitation percolates down through wastes. Some landfills have been sited in drainage areas with
permeable soils and shallow ground water.
''Saline seep is caused by the dryland farming practice of fallowing. Natural vegetation is removed and excess
soil moisture allowed to accumulate. Excess moisture moves through the soil, dissolving natural salts, and
becomes increasingly saline. The salty solution contaminates the ground water.
cGround-water contamination can occur from several activities, ranging from Improper brine disposal, either in
pits or in injection wells, to improperly plugged seismic shot holes.
Both abandoned and active mines can discharge highly acidic water, causing degradation of ground water.
Contamination of the alluvial aquifers is generally by heavy metals, sulfates, and acids.
eGround-water contamination from accidental spills is probably minor; however, petroleum contamination due to
leaking underground storage tanks is becoming more of a problem as more incidents are discovered.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
_
x_
X
X
_JL
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
X
xb
aSulfates.
bAcids.
-499-
-------
STATE: MMTAM
3, STATS GROOBD-HATBR MAJAGEMERT STIOCTTOB
3.1. State SUtutea Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and PoUutloo Control
Subject ftaoltorad hy Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify) :
Facility siting
Hater wells
Sewage Control
Statute lama/Mo.
Hater Quality Act
Montana Hater Law
Hater Quality Act
Solid Haste Management Act
Montana Hazardous Haste Act
Strip Mine Act
Minerals, Oil and Gas Act
Major Facility Siting Act
Hater Hell Contractors Act
Sanitation in Subdivisions Act
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
The act provides a comprehensive program
for the prevention, abatement, and control
of water pollution; includes ground water.
This law provides a program for full
utilization, conservation, and protection
of the state's water resources.
Act includes requirements for ground-water
quality standards. Such standards have
been promulgated under the Act.
The act prohibits the disposal of solid
waste or any constituent of it from being
discharged into water, including ground
water.
Regulates hazardous; wastes.
The act does not allow new strip or
underground coal mining if the mine would
damage the quality of surface water or
underground water systems.
Regulates oil and gas activities.
The act allows the owner of an Interest in
real property who obtains his supply of
water from surface or underground sources
to recover damages for contamination.
The act provides for the licensing of
water well driller!) in order to provide a
means for the development of underground
water in an orderly, sanitary, and
reasonable manner.
The act extends laws controlling water
supplies to include individual wells
affected by adjoining sewage disposal and
Individual sewage systems.
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Polio?
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general itate statutes
Specific state atatutet for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground -water quality
Policy under development
Cneok
X
-500-
-------
STATE: MDHTAMA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
Tes X
No
3*2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
A ground-water program was initiated in October 1982. This program Includes ground-water quality
standards, a classification system, a permitting program for potential sources of pollution, and a non-degradation
policy. Certain activities which could pollute ground water are reviewed by the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences. Activities covered by other permit programs (such as hard rock mining under Department of
State Lands operating permits) are reviewed cooperatively with the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
to ensure compliance with the standards.
3.2.3. Coaracteriatlos of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The policy includes ground-water quality standards, a classification system, a permitting program for
potential sources of pollution, and a non-degradation policy.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Pour classes which are based on present/potential beneficial uses.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Used as criteria for review of allowability of developments.
les X
No
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Contaminants covered are all drinking water parameters and all substances deleterious to beneficial
uses.
-501-
-------
STATE: MONTANA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Crouad-Water Protection
Reapcoalble
State
Agency
Departaent of
Health and
Environmental
Sciences, Solid
Waste Manageaant
Bureau
Department of
Health and
Environmental
Soienoea, Water
Quality Bureau
Departaent of
Agriculture,
Environmental
Management
Division
Departaent of
State Lands
Department of
Natural Resources
and Conservation
Division of Oil and
Gas Conservation
Bureau of Nines
and Hydrology
Orouod-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
jd
X*
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
we*
MBb
X
n"
X
-
Other
Data
Collec-
tion ,
Aquifer
topping,
•to.
Orouad-
Hater
Quality
I
X
X
X
Soil
Conaer*
ration
Mining
xe
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
xf
X«
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
''PWS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department of Health and Environmental Sciences conducts the ground -water permit program; investigates ground-water
contamination problems; and is responsible for RCRA clean-up and Superfund.
Department of State Lands protects ground water from new mining activities and cooperates with the Department of
Health and Environmental Sciences in reviewing impacts.
^The Department of Natural Resources and Conservation regulates water quantity aspects but overlaps into water quality
areas also.
6The Division of Oil and Gas Conservation protects fresh water aquifers during drilling operations and from disposal of
produced water.
-502-
-------
STATE: MMTAM
3.*. Inter-Agenoy
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water diaoharges
Underground injtotlon oontrol
Ground-water contamination incident!
Geological survey
Other (speolfy)i
Mining
Cbeok if
Applicable
Z
X
Description of Igrteaents
•ad Agencies
The Ground-water Advisory Council is a 16-member board
appointed by the Governor which reviews the state's ground-water
syatea and the regulatory framework pertaining to ground
Mater. The Council recommends to the Governor, the legislature,
and state agencies any legislation or ruleuking neoessary to
protect the state's ground water. Zn effect until January,
1985.
A Memorandum of Understanding exists between the Department of
State Lands and the Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences. It outlines cooperation between each agency In
Implementation of ground-water quality standards as they apply
to hard rook mining.
3.5. Status of Ground-Mater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Some ground-water aquifer identification mapping has been
conducted by Bureau of Mines and Hydrology under UIC grants.
-503-
-------
STATE: MOTAJU
3.6. State around-toter Nonltorias
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Peaticidea
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cbeok
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Comprehensive ground-water quality monitoring network
has not been developed.
Quality monitoring is carried out at specific sites
in response to development projects, complaints, etc.
Manltorlng
Data
Doeputerlsed
(Cbeok)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programa for Public Participation
^ — ^^^ Context
Approaches -^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Mailing lists for notification
of public hearings
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ifctw Permit Adoption, Water
iMuea Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X X
X X
X X
X X
-504-
-------
STATE: NOITAIA
». STATE IMPLEMOTATZOI OP PBDEHAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND VATER
».1. Program Status
Pederal
Program
Status of Prognw Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Dnusual/lotetrartby
Prograa Charaoteristios
rac
Not delegated
RCRA
Delegated
Department of Health
and Environmental
Sciences, Solid Waste
Management Bureau
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
and Environmental
Sciences, Water
Quality Bureau
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture, Environmental
Management Division
-505-
-------
STATS: MORala
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FX 1985 Alienation
Spaolfio Ground-niter
ProJecta/Taska and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$380,000
Ground-Hater permit issuance: $30,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,600 Investigation of ground-water contamination, primarily
leaking underground atorage tanks: $6,000.
Saline aeep investigation: $5,400.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
No specific ground-water projects.
RCRA
Section 3011
$250,000
No specific ground-water projects.
U1C
$128,100
FIFHA
Section 23(a)(1)
$151,200 No specific ground-water projects. Conducted a study
entitled "A Survey of Potential Contamination of
Ground Water Aasociated with Agricultural Production
Practices in Montana" during FY 1984.
-506-
-------
STATE: MDMTAIA
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROOHD-WATER PROTECTION PBOGR1MS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: A ground-water program was initiated in October 1962. This program Includes ground-water quality
standards, a classification system, a permitting program for potential sources of pollution, and a non-degradation
policy. Certain activities which could pollute ground water are reviewed by the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences. Activities covered by other permit programs (such as hard rock mining under Department of
State Lands operating permits) are reviewed cooperatively with the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
to ensure compliance with the standards.
The Montana Water Quality Act provides a comprehensive program for the prevention, abatement, and control of
water pollution with water being defined to Include ground water.
The Montana Ground-Water Pollution Control System requires the Water Quality Bureau of the Department of
Health and Environmental Sciences to review certain activities which could pollute ground water. It Includes
ground-water quality standards, a classification system, a permitting program for potential sources of pollution,
and a non-degradation policy.
Montana also has a Ground-Water Advisory Council, a 16-member board appointed by the Governor, whose purpose
is to review the state's ground-water system and the regulatory framework pertaining to ground water and to
recommend to the Governor, the legislature, and state agencies any legislation or rulemaking necessary to protect
the state's ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: A comprehensive ground-water quality monitoring network has not been developed. Information is
generally collected in response to specific problems.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-507-
-------
STATE: MONTANA
5.5. Pwalta/Control of Discharges to Ground Water
Description: The Montana Solid Waste Management Act prohibits the disposal of solid mate, or any constituent of
it, from being discharged into the water, including ground water. DHES/SWMB licenses public landfills and
hazardous waste disposal sites.
The Department of Health and Environmental Sciences WQB manages a ground-water permit program and requires
cleanup of spills under the Water Quality Act.
The Water Well Contractors Act provides for the licensing of water well drillers in order to provide a means
for the development of underground water in an orderly, sanitary, and reasonable manner. The Board of Water Well
Contractors oversees the licensing of water well drillers. While licensing is done, no agency ensures that the
regulations are being followed.
The Division of Oil and Gas Conservation is responsible for the protection of fresh wafcer aquifers during
drilling operations, and from disposal of produced waters either through Injection or disposal in pits.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Manageaent Program
Description: The Water Quality Bureau of the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences enforces the
Sanitation in Subdivisions Act which regulates septic tanks/ drainfields in subdivisions of two or more houses.
Ground-water programs at the local level regulate septic tanks/drainfields for individual houses.
FT 198«» Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Underground storage tanks are not regulated, but contamination from leaking tanks is investigated
and responsible parties are required to clean up the contamination as specified by the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
Ft 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other!
Mining Regulationt The Strip Mine Act doea not allow new strip or underground ooal mining if the mine would
damage the quality of surface water or underground water systems. The Department of Statu Lands is responsible
for the protection of ground water from new mining activities, and cooperates with the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences in reviewing Impacts.
Contamination/Compensation; The Major Facility Siting Act allows the owner of an interest in real property who
obtains his supply of water from surface or underground sources to recover damages for contamination.
-508-
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STATE CBOUro-MTKH PROGRAM 3DMMART
STATE: BOBTH DAKOTA
1. MATURE V THE GROOMD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologle Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmisalvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Rflglon/ProTlaee A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by tola province (estimated)
ODCOnfloed Aquifer(a)
The southwestern corner
of the atate is un-
glaclated, with
Tertiary and
Cretaceous rock out-
oroppings. Aquifers
in this region in*
elude the Dakota,
Pierre, and Fox Hills-
Hell Creek of the
Cretaceous Age. The
Fort Union Aquifer is
from the Tertiary Age.
The remainder of the
atate is covered by
glacial debris. The
Glacial Drift aquifer
is of the Quaternary
Age.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: The Missouri River divides the two regions.
-509-
-------
STUB: 10HTH DAKOTA
1.2. Prlaary ttees of Ground Hater as Percent of Total 0M(e
Dee
Public Hater Syatemo
(Including nuniolpal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Afrloulturtl
Donaitio/Sural*
Othir (spcoify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Httar
Oround ifetar of Total Mttar
52* 59
2 25
46 37
100 46
'Domestic/rural included in PWS.
1.3. Population Reliance oo Oround Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1984
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
i
Public Hater Doawatio
Systems Hells Total
35) 18* 53*
225,000 118,000 343,000
-510-
-------
STATE: 10RTH DAKOTA
2.1. Souroea (Cbeek major sources of oootaalaatiao and rank top four — 1 « Boat aerloua,
2 * next aoat aerioua, etc.)
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills X 3
Surface impoundments X 1
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits* X
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Source
Injection nails
Abandoned hazardous
mate sites
Check Bank
X 4
X
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify):
Increased total dissolved solids concentrations from oil and gas
activities.
Arsenic contamination in the southeast portion of the state is currently
under review as a Superfund site. The source of contamination is
uncertain.
BBrine pits are illegal. However, the state has minor problems with reclamation of drilling fluid reserve pits.
Note: Man-caused contamination of aquifers has been limited to small isolated areas and to aquifers of poor
quality.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Xa
X
~
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
xc
Hydrocarbons.
^Arsenic contamination in the southeastern part of the state is a Superfund site. It is being studied to
determine if tne elevated levels of arsenic in the ground water are due to the use of arsenic trioxide for
grasshopper control in 1930s and 1940s or if these elevated levels are from natural occurring geologic
conditions. At the present time, 470 wells have been analyzed.
Bacteriological.
-511-
-------
STATE: NORTH DAKOTA
3. STATE GROOMD-VATEK MAMGBHEIT STRDCTURB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute lame/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Control, Prevention, and Abatement of
Pollution of Surface Haters
Chapter 61-28, NDCC*
Act gives the state authority to prevent
pollution of state waters, including
ground water. (Health Department)
Ground-mter quality
(including public health
standards)
Water Quality Standards
Chapter 83-16-02, NDACb
The rules focus primarily on surface
water, but include ground water. (Health
Department)
Solid waste
Solid Waste Management and Land
Protection Act
Chapter 23-29, NDCC
Act gives state authority to regulate
the storage, collection, transportation,
and disposal of solid wastes. (Health
Department)
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management
Chapter 23-20.3, NDCC
Act gives state authority to regulate
hazardous waste from the time of
generation through disposal. (Health
Department)
Mining
Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation
Operations
Article 69-05.2, NDAC
The rules contain performance standards
for hydrologic balance and ground-water
protection. (Public Service Commission)
Oil and gas
Control of Gas and Oil Resources Act
Chapter 38-08, NDCC
Act gives state authority to regulate
oil and gas production and injection of
produced waters. (Industrial Commission,
Oil and Gaa Division)
Other (specify):
UIC
Hater wells
Subsurface Mineral Exploration and
Development Act
Chapter 38-12, NDCC
Water Well Construction
Chapter 33-18-01, NDAC
Act gives state authority to regulate
UIC Class III injection wells and sub-
surface minerals. (Industrial Commission,
Office of State Geologist)
The rules set standards for the
construction of water wells monitoring
wells, geothermal return wells, etc.
(Health Department)
aNDCC — North Dakota Century Code (law).
bNDAC — North Dakota Administrative Code (rules).
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-512-
-------
STATE: IOBTH DAKOTA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Folio?
3.2.2.1. Za there a ground-inter policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Task Force (The State Department of Health is the lead agency.)
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In the FT 1981-85 state EPA agreement the state had a priority strategy to develop and Implement a plan
to protect state ground-water and drinking water aquifers. The ground-water strategy's primary focus will be
prevention of ground-water contamination. Program elements will include pollution control policies, emergency
response, data collection and research, and program management. A task force is being established to ensure that
the strategy reflects all views on how ground water should be managed; it will be composed of Individuals from
agencies wiiich are Involved in managing ground water.
3.2.3* CHaractarlsties of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Llalted degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notea:
3.2.0. Polio? CUMifioation
3.2.1.1. Does atate have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5*1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes No X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
The state's water quality standards were developed for surface water, but they include all waters of the
state.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-513-
-------
STATE: 10RTH DAKOTA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Industrial
Commission, Oil
and Gaa Division
Department of
Health
Department of
Agriculture
Fire Marshall
Water Commission
Industrial
Commission, Office
of the State
Geologists
Public Service
Commission
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIC*
Xd
Xe
xh
PtBb
X
PEC
X
Otter
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
X
Other
Xf
X6
a(JIC a Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE : Pesticides Enforcenent.
dUIC delegation for Class II.
eUIC delegation for Classes I, IV, and V.
^Responsible for regulation of underground storage tanks.
gWater appropriation.
nUIC delegation for Class III.
-514-
-------
3.*. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: IORTH DAKOTA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
State draft policy will include development of a committee to
deal with ground water.
Agreements between the Health Department and the State
Industrial Commission, Office of the State Geologist.
Various cooperative agreements between the Survey, the Water
Commission, and the Health Department for special studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Entire state has been mapped for ground water; general
chemistry of ground water in all counties is available.
All public water supplies are monitored.
Numerous waste disposal and spill sites are monitored.
-515-
-------
STATE: MORTH DAKOTA
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
TypM of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Permit-associated
monitoring well*
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
State has monitored 20 minor potential contamination
sites .
See "Other* section below.
State randomly samples ground-water supplies and
analyzes for volatile and synthetic organics
(pesticides) — ten last year.
State has monitored 1,380 public water supply wells.
Network monitoring wells are operated to collect
baseline water quality data.
State has T»5 monitoring wells associated with RCRA,
NPDES, or VIC permits.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Micro-
computer
software
3.7. State Pragmas for Public Participation
~»^^_^ Context
Approaches ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground- Regulation
Mur Permit Adoption,
Issues Issuance Changes
X X
X X
X
X X
X
Specific
Ground-
Water
Strategy Other
X
X
X
X
X
Notes: The state provides a comment period (at least 30 days), as well as public notices to Individuals and
county newspapers. The state also presents new and revised regulations to the Health Council for consideration,
approval, and adoption (quarterly meetings). Copies of documents are made available to various libraries for
review. Press releases are provided to the state's news media to encourage public review and comment on the
various documents.
-516-
-------
STATEt MUTE DAKOTA
4, ITATI XNTUNENTATZM OT KUML MOOJUMS TO PROTECT OXOOMD WATER
4.1. Program Status
Pederal
Program
Status of Program Dsl«|ttian
Stats
Agsooy
PracrsB Chsrsoterlstioa
QIC
Delegated, 1425. Class II
Delegated, Class II
Delegated, Class I, IV, and V
Industrial Commission,
Oil and Gas Division
Industrial Coonission,
Office of the State Geologist
Department of Health
RCRA
Tentative 9/84 delegation
Department of Health
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture
-517-
-------
STATE: •ORTH DAKOTA
4.2. Grant Statua
Oraat
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$248,000
$100,000
For development of ground-water strategy.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$176,640
RCRA
Section 3011
$252,000
UIC
$124,100
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$153,044 $30,000 of the grant is being used by the Department
of Health to identify environmental impacts on ground
water resulting from the use of pesticides.
-518-
-------
STATE: RORTH DAKOTA
I. 1TATI-ORIOXIIATKD GROUND-VATIR PROWCTIOM PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: In the FY 1984/85 state/EPA agreement, the stats had a priority strategy to dsvslop and iaplsmsnt a
plan to protect state ground-water and drinking water aquifers. The ground-water strategy's primary focus will be
prevention of ground-water contamination. Program elements will include pollution control policies, emergency
response, data collection and research, and program management. A task force is being established to ensure that
the strategy reflects all views on how ground water should be managed; it will be composed of individuals from
agencies which are Involved in managing ground water. State funding is difficult to estimate.
FT 1985 Funding: $100,000
Funding Souroei KPA 106 grant
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The state has monitored 1,380 public water supply wells, 20 minor potential contamination sites, and
1t5 monitoring wells associated with RCRA, NPDES, or UIC permits. Network monitoring wells are operated to
collect baseline water quality data.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Happing
Description: The entire state has been mapped for ground water, and the general chemistry in all of the counties
has been recorded.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The state will conduct two separate studies: 1) identification of potential environmental impacts
resulting from the use of lordon in the Turtle Mountains; and 2) identification of pesticides in the public water
supply systems.
FY 1985 Funding: $35,000
Funding Source: FIFRA
-519-
-------
STATE: MOBTfl DAZOTA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Local health units regulate septic tank/drainfield systems. The areas not covered by local health
units are permitted by the state.
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The State Fire Marshall regulates the installation of fuel tanks and uses the National Fire
Protection Association standards.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: A small fund has been established to contract drilling equipment to investigate contamination sites
where a responsible party can not be identified.
FY 1985 Funding: $10,000
Funding Source: EPA 106 ground-water strategy
5.9. Other
-520-
-------
STATE OBOPlP-mTBR PBOOBAM SBMMAHT
STATE: SOOTH DAIOTA
1. IATOU Or THE GBODID-VATBI US001CB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Character istio*. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Begion/Provlnoe A:
Physiographic
Begion/Provinoe B:
Physiographic
Bagion/ProTinoe C:
Peroeot of state oorered
by tola province (Mtliaatad)
Obconnaed Aquifer(s)
In eastern South Dakota,
usable ground water ia
•alnly in shallow
glacial aquifers, with
SOM water coming from
deeper bedrock aquifers.
The Big Sioux Aquifer ia
the prioary ground-water
source for domestic
water aysteaa.
Western South Dakota was
not glaciated and deep
bedrock aquifers are
the major source of
ground water. The
Black Hills area ia
the exception, as the
aquifera are not ao
deep and are considered
recharge aquifera.
Much of the ground water
in the western part of
the state ia highly
mineralised. The Pre-
Caabrian and Ogallala are
relatively fre»h.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Motes: Ground water throughout the state is generally hard.
-521-
-------
STATE: SOUTH DAKOTA
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Commercial
Other
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Qround Hater of Total Mater
13
5
68
3
2
9
100 49
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear,
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells
Total
19J 359 85>
339,000 217,000
586,000
-522-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of eontajdoBtlon and rank top four
2 « next aoat serious, etc.)
— 1 * cost serious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Petroleum products
storage
Improperly
plugged wells8
Check Bank
X 3
Z
X 4
X
X
X 2
X
X 1
X
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
aThese wells are the partial cause of leaking artesian aquifers with
mineralized water leaking to fresher water sources.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
_
X
X
X
X
X
Radioactive material X
Pesticides
Other (specify)
X
xa
aOil and gas.
-523-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
3. STATE OBOOmMIATER NAUGEMEIT STBOCTORE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Qround-Vater Protection
General water pollution
control
General Water Pollution
Control Statutes
Statutes give state authority to regulate
pollution of state waters.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
General Water Pollution
Control Statutes
Covered under general water pollution
control.
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-524-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DAZOTA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Vater Policy
3*2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Hater and Natural Resources
3*2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Yes Jt_ Mo
As part of its policy development process South Dakota la conducting an extensive study on ground-rater
quality and areal extent of aquifers. The state has identified 138 aquifers. The study is in the final stages of
aquifer identification. Present policy is to identify aquifers and water quality. The State/EPA Agreement also
includes development of a ground-water policy/strategy.
3-2.3- Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
NO X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3*2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-525-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DACOTA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Water and Natural
Resources
Department of
Agriculture
i
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
01C*
X
P«Sb
X
n°
X
Other
Xd
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping ,
•to.
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
GoBiaeT'"
ration
>:
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
froa
Road
De-icing
Ott
X
UIC • Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
The department also implements Oil and Gas, and Rural Waste Water Disposal programs.
-526-
-------
STATIt SOOTH DAKOTA
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cheek If
Applicable
Description of Igrssaeiita
ftw< Agencies
3.5* Status of Ground-Hater Resource
it Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Ground-water quality mapping for all of eastern South Dakota is
complete. Ground-water quality mapping of western South Dakota
should be complete by August 1961. Maps include isopach and
TDS. Additionally, the state is conducting a detailed water
quality study of the Big Sioux aquifer. Report and maps should
be complete In December 1961.
i
1
-527-
-------
STATE: SOUTH DACOTA
3.6. SUte Orouni-ttater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate aites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Quantity monitoring
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Site monitoring.
RCRA and Superfund related.
Rural Clean Hater Project at Oakwood Poinsette.
Otherwise site specific only.
No network of ground-water quality monitoring except
site-specific near pollution sources. Most of the
monitoring is public water system monitoring for
Safe Drinking Mater Act compliance.
Quantity monitoring is networked and is used to
monitor water levels in major use aquifers. Monitor-
ing is periodic throughout the year.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^~~~~~~^~--^^^ Context
Approaches --^^___^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Unspecified participation
for Issuance of water
rights permits
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
HmUr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
X
X X
X X X X
X
X
-528-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
». STAtt UffLEMBITATIOl OF FIDEBAL FtOOlAKS TO PROTKCT GMOID UTBB
4.1. Proem Status
Federal
Prognui
Status off
Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Itausual/Motenortby
Program Gharaoterlsttos
roc
Delegated, Class II
Department of Water
and Natural Resources
Class I, III, I?, V delegation
under negotiation.
HCRA
Tentative decision to
delegate: 9/64
Department of Hater
and Natural Resources
PWS
Delegated
Department of Water
and Natural Resources
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture
-529-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
STATE: SODTB DAKOTA
Grant
FT 1985 AUooatlco
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$358,000 Development of management approaches to ground-water
strategy: $133,000.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(j)
$119,160
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$476,610
RCRA
Section 3011
$252,000
U1C
$57,000
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$113,000 Pesticide contamination sampling:
Farm chemical disposal site study: $20,000.
Chemigation education:
-530-
-------
STATE: SOUTH DAKOTA
5. STATB-OBIGHATED GROUID-WATKB PBOTZCTZOI PJJOGHAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: See FY 1985 SEA.
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: There is no network for ground-water quality monitoring except at specific sites near pollution
sources. Quantity monitoring is networked and is used to nonitor water levels in major use aquifers. Monitoring
is periodic throughout the year.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: 106
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Aasessaent/Aquifer Study/Happing
Description: South Dakota is conducting an extensive study on ground-water quality and areal extent of
aquifers. The study is in the final stages, and to date the state has identified 136 aquifers. Ground-water
quality mapping for all of eastern South Dakota is complete, and mapping for the western part of the state was
expected to be completed by August 1984. A detailed water quality study of the Big Sioux Aquifer is also being
conducted.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 205(j)
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Oakwoods Poinsette Rural Clean Water Project for development of best management practices.
FY 1984 Funding: $1,400,000
Funding Source: US DA
-531-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DACOTA
5.5. Vmta/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septlo Hanageaent Program
Deseriptloo:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Deacrlption:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Pescription:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-532-
-------
STATE OBOCTP-MTER PROGRAM SOMMABT
STATE: UTAH
1. MATURE OP THE GRODID-HATEB IBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologle Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(I.e. formatlona, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transaiaaivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Basin/Range Province
Physiographic
Region/ProTinoe B:
Middle Rocky
Mountain Province
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Colorado Plateau
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
DnconflDed Aqulfer(a)
The Basin and Range
Province covering noat
of western Utah is
very complex, con-
sisting of unconsol-
idated and consolidated
valley fill, along with
multiple aquifers.
Ground water is the
primary water source
as the region is very
dry.
This province covers
north central Utah.
Springs are the major
water source. Deep
ground water consists
of small aquifers in
valley fill that have
not been highly
developed! but in some
oases have been
over-used (mined).
The Colorado Plateau covers
the central, east, and
southeast portions. Bed-
rock aquifers are
prevalent, and can be
prolific (Navajo Sand-
stone), but are highly
variable. Some shallow
ground water is used
along major drainages.
A large area west and
south of the Great Salt
Lake is highly saline.
The highly populated
areas along the Wasatch
Front all use ground
water, at least as a
back-up source. Uncon-
fined aquifers in this
area are often poor
quality. Thus, wells in
these areas are mostly in
confined valley fill
formations.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-533-
-------
STATE: UTAH
1.2. frimuj OMB of around Hater w Paroent of Total Onga
Oae
Public Water Syatenia
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of ToUl % Oround Hater
around Hater of Total Hater
14 2.5
9 1.5
67 8
10 .2
100 12.2
1.3* Population Reliance on Oround Hater for Drinking Hater for tear 1961
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Doaeatio
SyateiB Hella
Total
54* 10* 64*
864,000 160,000
1,024,000
-534-
-------
STATB: UTAH
2.1. Source* (Cbaok amjor sources of
2 • out most serious, etc.)
aal nation and ruk top four — 1 • Boat carious,
Source Cbeok teak
Septic tanks
Municipal land f ills
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits XB
Underground storage Xb
tanks
Source Check tank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify):
Geneva U.S. Steel site, Kennecott Copper Mine, oil refinery and storage
sites.
*Brlne pumping and disposal has occurred as a result of mineral exploration;
ttiia has resulted in domestic well closings in the Utah Basin.
''includes above- and below-ground storage tanks.
2.2. Onntaill eating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
Bacteriological.
-535-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3. STATE GH00ED-KATER MAJUGBMKMT STIOCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute BUM/VO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Pollution Control Act
The act gives the Hater Pollution Control
Committee the authority to develop and
implement programs for the prevention,
control, and abatement of new or existing
pollution of state waters (including
ground Mater).
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
State Hater Law
Law gives State Engineer authority to
protect ground-water quality.
Solid waste
Solid and Hazardous Haste Act
See next item.
Hazardous waste
Solid and Hazardous Waste Act
This act gives the Solid and Hazardous
Waste Committee authority to develop and
Implement a hazardous waste policy.
Mining
Oil and gas
Conservation of Oil and Gas Statute
This statute gives the Division of Oil,
Gas and Mining authority to regulate
Class II injection wells and related pits
and ponds.
Other (specify):
Aquatic Wildlife Act
This act gives the Wildlife Board
authority to protect waters necessary for
wildlife purposes.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-536-
-------
3TATB: HUB
3.2.2. Development of Oround-ltater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Resource Development Coordinating Committee
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Resource Development Coordinating Committee has been charged by the Governor to develop ground-water
policy. A public hearing on the policy was held in June 1981. Comments have been addressed, and Committee and
Governor approval were expected by August 1984. The policy is very brief and general, and asserts the state's
leadership role with respect to ground-water quantity, and protection of quality. Their policy calls for the
Department of Health to develop a more comprehensive strategy beginning in 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3*2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Ground-water quality standards are used for drinking water sources.
Yes X
No
3*2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The regulations they use are from the Safe Drinking Hater Act.
-537-
-------
STATE: OTAH
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Health, Division
of Environmental
Health
Department of
Agriculture
State Engineer
Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of Oil,
Gas and Mining
Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of
Geologic and
Mineral Survey
Ground -
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
DIG*
X<»
Xe
PWSb
X
PE«
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping.
etc.
X
X
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro»
Road
De-lclng
Other
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Hater System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dUIC Class I, III, IV, and V delegation.
eUIC Class II delegation; oil and gas production regulation.
-538-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3.4. loUr-Agency
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreesonts
•ad Agencies
The Resource Development Coordinating Committee (RDCC) is
charged by the Governor to develop ground -water policy. The
committee is largely composed of representatives from the
Divisions of Environmental Health, Water Rights, Hater Resources
and Oil, and Gas and Mining, and is now beginning to look at how
the policy will be Implemented .
3.5. Status of Ground-water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
The Division of Hater Rights (State Engineer) and USGS have a
50-50 cooperative agreement to evaluate the state's water
resources ($650,000). With this funding, ground-water quantity
and/or quality studies are performed in areas deemed
necessary; Salt Lake County Jordan Aquifer Study was done.
The Division of Water Rights and USGS are performing ground -
water mapping in the Unite Basin and the Paradox Basin.
-539-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous mate altea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Water quantity
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Regular quality assessments are performed on
approximately 50 of these wells. In fully
appropriated basins, the Water Commissioners
require individual metering.
The Division of Water Rights operates a monitoring
network of approximately 250 wells to determine
fluctuations in water quantity.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
•MM of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
water Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
-540-
-------
STATE: UTAH
4. STATE 1HPLBMEBTATIM OP FEDERAL PIOORAKS TO PIOTECT OtOOID WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
tnc
Class II
Classes I, III, IV, V
Division of Oil, Gas,
Mining
Division of Environmental
Health
ROW
Tentative decision to delegate
Division of Environmental
Health
Hazardous Waste Committee set up
as oversight authority; all
regulatory changes and major
enforcements need Committee
approval.
PWS
Delegated
Division of Environmental
Health
Progressive program in many areas:
data management, new technology
assessment, and compliance rating.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture
-541-
-------
STATII UTAH
4.2. (hmnt Status
Gnat
IT 1985 Alienation
Spwiflo Ground-Vhter
FroJeeta/Taaka and Bud«et
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$381,000
Ground-inter strategy developments $67,000.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$128,900
Clean Hater Aot
Section 205(g)
$515,600
RCHA
Section 3011
$257,000
UIC
$142,500
Ground-water strategy development: $67,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$65,000
-542-
-------
mm t UTAH
5. mn-oizoxMTED OBoonMum MOTBCTIOV FIOQIAKS
5.1. araBd-toter fltratecr
(including ground-water quality standards and olassifioatlon)
Description: The Resource DavalopMnt Coordinating Coanittee (RDCC) baa bean ebargad by tha Governor to develop a
ground-water polloy. A public aaarlnf on tha policy was aald in Juna 19B1. Coananta nava baan addraaaad, and
Coanlttaa and Oovarnor approval wara axpaotad by August 1961. A work group is baing fonad and staff birad to
davalop a aora oooprahanalva atratagy.
IT 19B4 Fundingt
Fond ing Aouroat
5.2. Orouad-llBtar Nonitorlag
Dasoriptlont A aonitorlng natwork of approxioataly 250 walls is oparatad by tha Division of Hatar Right* to
dataraina fluctuations in watar quantity. Xagular quality aaaaasaanta ara parfornad on approxiaataly 50 of thase
walls. In fully appropriated basins, tha Watar Coaniasionara raquira individual Mtaring.
TV 19B1 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Oround-tJatar laaouroa Asaassaant/AQuifar Study/Napping
Description: Tha Division of Watar Rights (State Engineer) and the USOS have a cooperative agreement to evaluate
the state's water resources.
FY 1904 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contaadnatlon Control
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
-543-
-------
STATE: UTAH
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Division of Oil, Gas and Mining has authority over surface disposal of waters produced in oil
and gas development and production. The Division of Environmental Health has regulatory authority over surface
disposal of produced waters (oil/gas) off the production site.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The State Fire Marshall has regulatory authority over construction/installation of flammable liquid
storage tanks for certain types of buildings only (i.e., educational, institutional, state-owned, and assembly
halls). There is no state inspection of underground storage tanks.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-544-
-------
OTaTB OROUTO-WATEB PBOGRAM SOMMAHI
STATE: WIOMIMG
1. MATURE Of THE OR00BD-HATBR IBSOUICB
1.1. Oeologlo and tydrologlo Cbaraoterlatlos. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Phrsiograpbio
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
fiegion/Prorioce B:
Phyaiographic
Begioo/ProTince C:
Percent of at»te oorered
by tbl* prorlaoe («atlMtad)
Gbcoofinad Aquifer(a)
Western Wyooing is a
•ountainous region with
north-south trending
mountains of plutonic
and metaoorphlc rock,
with long areas oovered
by overthrust old
sediments.
A sedimentary basin and
high plains cover the
rest of the state.
Ground water is mainly
from theae sedimentary
basins of Tertiary and
Cretaceous rook. Oil la
produced primarily from
the Cretaceous rooks.
Major aquifers in the
southeastern part of the
state are the Ogallala,
Arikaree, and White River
formations, all of the
Tertiary age. The
Madison Limestone is a
major aquifer in north-
eastern and north-central
Wyoming. Alluvial
aquifers are also used,
with the North Platte
River alluvium being the
moat used aquifer.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-545-
-------
3T1TE: HZONIIG
1.2. Priaary Oses of Oround Miter aa Percent of Total Onge
Oae
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify) :
Miscellaneous
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
5
5a
80
5
5
100
"Primarily secondary recovery of oil and gas.
1.3* Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
3^.1*
133,000
Domestic
Hells
17*
70,000
Total
51 :i
203,000
-546-
-------
STATE: VTOMZNQ
SeureM (Cheok Major aoure«a of
2 • a*xt «oat Mrloua, etc.)
ooattBlaatioB and rank top four — 1 « Boat aerious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining X
Petroleum refinery X
activities
Source Check lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-547-
-------
STATS: VZONZNQ
3. STATI OROUND-VATIR MAKAOIMJNT STRUCTmB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitors by Statute
Statute MUM/NO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to around-Utter Protection
General water pollution
control
Environmental Quality Act
Act gives state Department of
Environmental Quality authority to protect
ground-water resources.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Hater and Irrigation Laws
Laws give State Engineer authority to
require abatement of conditions
responsible for ground-water pollution.
Solid waste
Article 5, Wyoming Environmental
Quality Act
Authority to regulate aolid waste
management authorities.
Hazardous waste
Mining
Environmental Quality Act
Gives Land Quality Division authority to
regulate all types of mining and mineral
exploration.
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Laws
Laws give state authority to regulate
construction of oil and gas production
wells, salt water disposal wells, oil and
gas exploration (seismic drill holes), and
brine disposal pits.
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Vater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-548-
-------
STATE: VTONIMG
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Polloy
3*2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes I No _
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Hater Quality Division
3-2.2.3. Describe developnent process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3. Characteristics of Polloy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes: The Wyoming Environmental Quality Act contains the following policy statement: "It is the policy and
purpose of the Act to enable the state to prevent, reduce and eliminate water pollution, and to preserve and
enhance the water and reclaim the land of Wyoming, and to retain for the state control over its water."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No
3-2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Class I - Domestic use.
Class II - Agricultural use.
Class III - Livestock.
Class IV - Class special (A) - suitable for fish and aquatic life.
Class V - Industry; quality standards vary with the type of Industry.
Class VI - Hydrocarbon deposits or other minerals; considered a geothermal resource.
Class VII - Unsuitable for any use.
Discharges to ground waters in the first four classes are prohibited unless water can be returned to its original
quality.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-549-
-------
STATE: VTOMING
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Mater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Quality, Water
Quality Division*1
Department of
Environaental
Quality, Land
Quality Division
State Engineer
Oil and Gas
Conservation
Commission
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
01C*
X
X*
PWb
PBC
1
Other
Xf
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
Ground -
Mater
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X«
X«
i
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lclag
Other
X
Xe
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division regulates UIC Class I, III, IV, and V wells; issues
commercial septic tank permits, and all septic tank permits in nondelegated counties; and issues permits for surface
impoundments.
eThe Land Quality Division and the Water Quality Division Jointly issue on-site mining permits. The State Engineer has
authority to protect ground water, but presently has a limited role.
fSurface Mining Act.
sThe Oil and Cas Conservation Commission administers the UIC Class II program, regulatea construction of oil and gas
wells, has construction standards for evaporative pits, and has authority to require repair of such pits.
-550-
-------
STATt: VTONZNO
3.*.. Xnter-Agtoojr Agreesteota
Topioa
Prottotloo of apeciflc aquifera
Policy and atrategy development
Ground-water diaohargaa
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination inoidanta
Geological aurvay
Othar (apaolfy)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Deaoriptlon of Agreeaanta
and Agwoiea
A Memorandum of Onderatanding exiata between tha Department of
Enviroaoental Quality, tha atata Engineer, and tha Oil and Oaa
Conaarvation Commission oonoarning permitting of aalt watar
diapoaal Impoundments .
A Memorandum of Understanding axiafca batwaan the Department of
Environmental Quality, the State Engineer, and the Oil and Qaa
Conservation Commission concerning permitting of Injection wells
for diapoaal of produced watara and oil and gaa wattes. The
Department of Environmental Quality and tha State Engineer any
cement on auoh parmlta before they are laauad by the Oil and
Oaa Conaarvation Commiasion.
A Memorandum of Agreement axiata between tha Wyoming Oil and
Gaa Conservation Committee, the State Engineer, the State
Ceologiat, and the Department of Environmental Quality
concerning review of applications for Injection wells to
insure compliance with all atate statutes.
3.5. Statue of Orouad-Water Reaouroe Aaaeaameat Activities
Aotivity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, ate.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waate sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Reconnaisaanoe of the entire atata has been completed Jointly by
the State Cngineer/USGS. A hydrologlo atlaa series haa been
published. Presently apaoifio areas are being Intensively
mapped and modeled. The aoutheaat quarter of the atata haa been
completed. There are approximately four Intenaive studies
ongoing at any one time. Present budget la approximately
$320,000 /year. Thia activity la ahared SO/SO by USGS and the
State Engineer. A water quality atlaa waa developed by EPA
under a contract with the University of Wyoming. Thia data la
being updated by the University on an ongoing-basis. The budget
waa 1500,000.
The atate la requiring operator studies at aeveral sites with
input from the atate.
-551-
-------
STATE: WTOMIHG
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sltea
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Public water
supply monitoring
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progra*
At selected sites per condition of state permit
issued by the Department of Envlroaental Quality.
The State Engineer oversees the state-wide observation
well network, with some USGS participation. There are
approximately 21 wells in the network, one-half having
continuous recorders. Well locations are changed as
sufficient data are collected, and data from other areas
are needed. Some ground-water quality monitoring is
performed during intensive ground-water studies. DEQ
or project permittees perform ground-water quality
monitoring for specific sites (approximately 50 studies
in FY 19814) .
Ground-water quality monitoring is also performed by
public water supplies for Safe Drinking Water Act
compliance.
Monitoring
teta
Computerized
(Check)
X
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^-— ^^^ Context
Approaches — ^__^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Mitar Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X8
X X
xb
aAppeal of permit denial.
bLand quality guidance.
-552-
-------
3TATK: VTOMZ10
«. ST1TB INPLBMBMTATXOl1 OP FSDBRAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATBR
Statua
Padwal
Status of Frocraa Oalagation
State laplaaantliw
Progru Cbaractcriatloa
OIC
Delegated: aass II
Dalagatad: Classes I, III,
IV, V
Oil and Gaa Conservation
Coomlaaion
Papartaent of
Environmental Quality
RCRA
Not delegated
PWS
Not delegated
Pesticides
Enforcement
Not delegated
-553-
-------
STATE: WTOHHG
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
Projeeta/Taaka and Budget
dean Water Act
Section 106
$192,000
Ground-water program development: amount not apecifled.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
4119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$476,640
Small waatewater facilities: $177,000.
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,000
U1C
$202,000
F1FRA
Section 23(a)(1)
-554-
-------
STATE: HTOMIBG
5. 3TATB-ORIGIIATBD GBOOND-NATEB PBOTBCTIOI PHOGH1MS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: A reconnaissance of the entire state has been completed jointly by the State Engineer and the
USGS. A hydrologic atlas series has been published. Presently specific areas are being Intensively mapped and
modeled; the southeast quarter of the state has been completed. There are approximately four Intensive studies
ongoing at any one time.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Some ground-water quality monitoring is performed during Intensive ground-water studies. The
Department of Environmental Quality or project permittees perform ground-water quality monitoring for specific
sites (approximately 50 studies In FY 1984). Ground-water quality monitoring is also performed by public water
systems for Safe Drinking Water Act compliance.
The State Engineer oversees the state-wide observation well network, with some USGS participation. There are
approximately 21 wells in the network, one-half having continuous recorders. Well locations are changed as
sufficient data are collected, and data from other areas are needed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural ContaBination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-555-
-------
STATE: VXONHG
5.5. Fmtta/Caatnol of DlBcbmrg** to Ground Hater
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality issues permits for aurfaoe facilities with ground-water
Impacts. The Department also oversees delegated county implementation of the Small Haatewafcer Facility Program.
A Memorandum of Understanding exists between the Department, the State Engineer, and toe Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission concerning permitting of injection wells for diapoaal of produced waters and oil and gas wastes.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
$•6. Septlo Management Program
Description: The Water Quality Division of the Department of Environmental Quality lasuea oommeroial aeptio tank
permits and all aeptio tank permits In non-delegated counties.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Stormge/vDdergrouod Stormge Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Fire Prevention and Electrical Safety has authority to require tanks to be tested
If there is reasonable cause to believe leakage la occurring, and can require repair or replacement if necessary.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than BCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other:
Mining Regulations; The Land Quality and Water Quality Divisions jointly issue on-site mining permits.
-556-
-------
REGION IX
-------
STATE GBOOMD-MTER PROGRAM 30MMARI
STATE: ARIZOMA
1. MATURE OF THE GROUMD-MATER RBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Hjrdrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Colorado Plateau
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Basin/Range Province
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Central Highlands Province
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Ubconflned Aqulfar(a)
The north and north-
eastern third of the
state is referred to as
the Colorado Plateau,
which la a relatively
flat section of land
composed of consolidated
sediaentary rocks with
very little alluvium.
Ground-water levels range
from flowing at the land
surface to greater than
2,500 feet and well yields
vary widely but range up
to several hundred gpm.
The principal aquifer
serving the area is the
Coconino-Supai where
depths to water range
from 0 to greater than
1000 feet.
The Basin and Range
Province comprises 15j( of
the area of the state.
Ground water is found in
the alluvial valleys
between the mountain
blocks. Variations in
depth to water, chemical
quality, well yields, and
recharge potential exist,
but ground water
generally occurs under
similar geologic and
hydrologlc conditions.
The major aquifers in
the province consist of
interbedded clays, silts,
sands and gravels.
The Central Highlands
Province la the smallest
of the three Arizona
provinces.
Ground-water occurrence
and availability in the
Central Highlands is
governed by the local
atruotural attitude of
the rooks, subsurface and
surface material, degree
of cementation and consol-
idation of the sediments
which fill the small
valleys between the
relatively impermeable
volcanic mountain blocks,
and the amounts of re-
charge available from
surface runoff. The
mountain blocks offer
very little potential for
development of ground water
except in places where the
rocks are fractured or
large solution cavities
have formed, thus
providing space for the
storage of ground water.
Small valleys filled with
unconsolidated sediments
are the main sources of
ground water.
Confined Aquifer (s)
Significant areas of the
Coconino-Supai and
N-multiple aquifer system
are under confined
conditions. Local
confined conditions are
also found in the numerous
small, discontinuous
aquifer systems present on
the Colorado Plateau.
-557-
-------
STATE: ARIZOflA
1.2. Primary Oaaa of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Doaestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Mining
Total
% of Total
Crowd later
9
89
2
100
% Ground Water
of Total Miter
1.3. Population Reliance on Crouod Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground Mater for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground Mater for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
60»a
Domestic
Wells
Total
90*
2,600,000
"Approximately 1,393 public water systems, serving a population of 1,685,775,
use solely ground water.
-558-
-------
ST1TS: ARIZOMA
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of oontatrtnation and rank top four
2 * out mat ssrious, etc.)
— I*
it serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X*
Surface Impoundments X*
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage Xa
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
irnste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Contamination is associated with high technology industries, specifically
aircraft and electronics.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
*0ne hundred and thirteen wells with volatile organic contamination were identified at seventeen sites. The most
common contaminants were triohloroethylene and tetraohloroethylene. Thirty-two drinking water wells exceeded the
state action level of 5 ppb (g/1) triohloroethylene (TCE) and most were subsequently removed from service or
converted to nonpotable use. Remedial investigations are currently being conducted and costs to date are in
excess of $6 million. Highly contaminated water occurred in perched layers or shallow ground water at moat sites
and cascading wells or shallow wells with perforations in the upper strata were moat frequently contaminated.
Disposal of solvents in sanitary landfills was the cause of contamination at the greatest number of sites.
However, injection (dry) wells, Impoundments, and leaking tanks and lines were the sources at the most highly
contaminated sites.
"Usually naturally occurring.
-559-
-------
STATE: ARIZOHA
3. STATE CROWD-WATER MAMAGEMEHT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Maae/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Chapter 16
One article deals with water pollution
control, another article with water
quality control.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Revised Statutes 36.1851-36.1884
Revised Statutes 45-565.5
Statutes will allow a state ground-water
permitting program.
Ground-water management/protection.
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Revised Statutes 36-2621-36-2825
Permit requirement!) for hazardous waste
facilities include ground-water protection
and monitoring requirements.
Mining
Oil and gas
Revised Statutes 27-101 et seq
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-560-
-------
STATB: ARIZOIA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Division of Environmental Health and Department of Water Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The state has an innovative ground-water policy in which both quantity and quality Issues are beginning
to be tied together. In 1980, the Ground-Water Management Act was adopted to control depletion of water resources
In four highly populated areas which the Act calls Active Management Areas. The state has developed ground-water
quality permitting regulations; the infrastructure for the program was provided by the state legislature funding
19 ground-water positions. There is also a unit to deal with ground-water quality problems. As part of the work
on the 106 ground-water supplement several interagency agreements will be developed.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes X No
3*2.5.2. How are the standards used?
They will be used in ground-water quality permitting and as a basis for enforcing ambient quality.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Any contaminant that would interfere with current or future uses of ground water.
-561-
-------
STATE: A1XZOIA
3.3. SUU Afaney •espoBalbilitiee far Oround-Vater Frotaetloo
fteepOBalble
State
Acaaoy
Department of
SmcW0'8'
BmrlronMntal
HMlth
Board of Pesticide
Control
Departaent of
Mater Resources
State Land
Departaent
Orowid-
Hater
Polley/
tele/
Standard
X
federally Delegated Program
*CRA
Xe
ra(f
z
rasb
X
«°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mpplac.
•to.
X
X
Oround-
Hater
Quality
X
X
Soil
vatloo
X
Nlalas
X
Proteo-
tlon
froes
Boad
De>loli«d
Otter
aUIC * Underground Injection Control (not delegated).
bPWS • Public Hater System.
°PE « Pesticides Enforcement.
dNot addressed as a problem needing a uuiageoent agency yet.
*Pnase I interla authorization only.
rOnly on Arizona state land.
-562-
-------
STATE: ABIZMA
3*4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Monitoring
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Department of Water Resources and the Department of
Health Services manage aquifers in active management areas.
Efforts are underway to conduct a joint ground-water strategy
project between the Division of Environmental Health and the
Department of Water Resources.
The Department of Water Resources and the Department of Health
Services manage ground -water quality permitting.
The Department of Water Resources and the Division of
Environmental Health.
The Department of Water Resources and the Department of Health
Services .
The Department of Health Services and the Department of Water
Resources are conducting cooperative ground-water monitoring for
organics in wells in several counties.
3*5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ground-water resource assessment activities include:
- ground-water and geohydrological studies on approximately
85$-90il of the state.
- ground-water mapping of underlying aquifers for most
portions of the state.
Ambient ground-water quality
About 60J of 205(J) work contributes to this plus the state
ground-water quality permitting notice of disposal also perform
this function. The Department of Water Resources and USGS do
the investigations.
Assessment at waste sites
RCRA 3012, CERCLA 205(j); state doing work with Councils of
Governments and facilities.
Other (specify)
-563-
-------
STATE: ABIZOJA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
IDS
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Landfills in Pina County and Phoenix. METF at Globe-
Miami. Under 205 (j) grants, the Department of
Health Services and the Department of Water Resources
are doing cooperative ground -water monitoring in
Marloopa County for organic a in wells (150,000). In
addition, the Department of Health Services is
•onitoring Lower Miami and Final Creek which are
upstream of water supply for Phoenix for acidity,
heavy metals, and sulfate.
Areas include Goodyear, Tucson ICE, Litohfield Park,
and Indian Bend Wash.
EDB and BCP in Yuma and Maricopa.
The Department of Water Resources submits samples
to USGS to analyze.
Sulfates problems in Globe-Miami mining area.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
I*
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
WATSTORE
to
STORET
*The majority is not computerized.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
— -^^^ Context
Approaches — -~^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Internal for the Division of
Environmental Health
General
Ground-
tfeur Permit
laeues Issuance
Xa X
Xs X
X
X X
X X
Specific
Regulation Ground-
Adoption, Hater
Changes Strategy Other
X
X
X
X
X
X
*The Councils of Government and the Division of Environmental Health meet regularly. The public is notified of
Water Quality Control Council meetings at which issues related to water quality are decided.
-564-
-------
STATK: ARIZOIA
*. STATE IMPLBHEMTATIOM OP FEDERAL PHOGRAMS TO PROTECT GKOOVD KATEB
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Onusual/Boteworthy
Program Oiaraoterlatioa
UIC
Mot delegated
(DZ1 program la pending for
all olasaea of wells In state
except Navajo Indian lands)
Department of Health
Services
A Class 7 assessment of storm
drains is being conducted with
contract funds to the Maricopa
Association of Governments to
determine the Impact of dry well
disposal of urban storm runoff on
ground-water quality from
commercial areas in Phoenix.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Interim Authorization,
final authorization
pending
Department of Health
Services, Office of
Waste and Water Quality
Management
The new Office of Waste and Water
Quality Management combined the
Bureau of Water Quality Control
and the Bureau of Waste Control.
This should increase coordination
on ground-water impacts of
hazardous substances.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Services
The state requires both community
and non-community public water
systems to monitor for and comply
with state-regulated chemicals.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Board of Pesticide Control,
Structural Pest Control
Board
The Board of Pesticides haa a
good Investigatory program of
pesticide use and misuse. In
FX 1984, they worked with the
Department of Health Services on
pesticide container disposal oases
which could have resulted in
ground-water problems. The Board
of Pesticides has no ground-water
monitoring program.
-565-
-------
STATE: ABIZOM
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
1450,000
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$165,240
(tentative)
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$660,960
(tentative)
RCRA
Section 3011
$426,500
UIC
$110,900
(assuming primacy)
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$142,220
-566-
-------
STATB: ARIZOMA
5. 3TATE-ORIGIMATBD GROOID-VATBR PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-Hater quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has an innovative ground-water policy in which both quantity and quality issues are
beginning to be tied together. In 1980, the Ground-Water Management Act was adopted to control depletion of water
resources in four highly populated areas which the Act calls Active Management Areas. The state has been
developing ground-water permitting regulations, and the Infrastructure for the program was provided by the state
legislature providing funding for 19 ground-water positions.
FT 1984 Funding: $665,000
Funding Source: State
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: The Arizona Department of Health Services is monitoring Lower Miami and Final Creek, both of which
are upstream of Phoenix's water supply, for acidity, heavy metals, and sulfate. Monitoring in other problem areas
has been done by various Councils of Governments. Ambient monitoring has and is being conducted for inorganics
(common ions, metals, TDS) in selected basins as part of resource studies by the Department of Water Resources and
uses.
FT 1984 Funding: ffone available in FY 1984
Funding Source: 208
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground water and geohydrological studies have been conducted by the Department of Water Resources
and USGS on approximately 85%-90% of the state. Ground-water aquifers in most areas have been mapped, although
levels of detail and knowledge vary.
FY 1984 Funding: USGS/Department of Water Resources cooperative total approximately $1,000,000
Funding Source: State/USGS
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-567-
-------
STATE: ARIZOM
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Mater
Description: The Office of Waste and Water Quality Management implements the Ground-Water Permitting Program.
FX 1984 Funding: $35,000
Funding Source: State
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The state's Water Quality Management Plans contain elements related to septic tank failure which
could have an Impact on ground water.
FX 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source: 208 in past
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Part of the Department of Health Services, Division of Environmental Health deals with ground-water
contamination problems. Various agencies deal with spills, particularly transportation, including the State Fire
Marshall, Departments of Public Safety and Emergency Services.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-568-
-------
STATE GR001D-HATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: CALIFORNIA
1. MATURE OF THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Unconfined Aquifer (a)
See Note A below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
See Note B below.
Note A: There ae 11 physiographic provinces in California, each with its own water bearing characteristics.
Valley alluvium, coastal terraces, and other areas of essentially unconfined aquifers occur in nine
hydrologic study areas which contain a total of 438 ground-water basins. These basins range in areal extent from
only a few square miles to the Sacto Valley with an area of over 5,000 square miles. There are also 26 foothill
and upland areas consisting mostly of volcanics which contain unconfined ground water. A few ground-water basins
contain 55 aquifers which may be either unconfined, semiconfined or confined. Ground-water basin boundaries are
generally determined on a hydrologic and geologic basis (see Department of Water Resources Bulletin 118 —
California's Ground Water). Basin boundaries in the San Joaquin Valley have been determined after consideration
of political boundaries (see Department of Water Resources Bulletin 118-80).
Note B: Confined ground water generally occurs at some depth in nearly all 464 ground-water basins and ground-
water upland areas.
-569-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
1.2. Primary (toes of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
9 43
6 43
85 39
0.6 90
0.2 50
100 40
Notes: Agriculture is primary use.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
46»
10,950,000
Domestic
Hells Total
4* 50%
50,000 11,000,000
-570-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
2.1. Sources (Cheok Major aourcea of contamination and rank top four
2 « next Boat serious, etc.)
—IB moat serious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal land f ilia X*
On-alte industrial X°
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X8
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cheok Rank
Injection Nells
Abandoned hazardous Xb
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X*1
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xe
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xf
Road salting
&Municipal land f ilia are most likely a source of contamination. However, no well documented data exists to
estimate the severity of the problem.
bStrlngfellov in Riverside and Purity Oil Sales in Fresno are examples of this problem.
°Poor disposal of Industrial wastes (Aerojet in Sacramento area).
^Ground-water contamination is a problem in almost all regulated facilities.
eSalt water Intrusion in coast areas resulting from over-pumping.
^Contamination resulting from pesticides and fertilizer-induced nitrates.
gLeaky underground storage tanks from electronics industry.
Note: The most serious sources of contamination are agricultural, hazardous waste sites, and underground storage
tanks.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
\
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
X
X
X
X
Metals X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)
-571-
-------
STATE: CALIFOUIA
3. StaTB OiOOID-MlTEH HAMAOBMEIT 8TBDCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality
PollntloD Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General Mater pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Ground-water
Statute Baae/Bo.
Porter-Cologne Water Quality
Control Act
Health and Safety Code
AB 1803
Health and Safety Code
Division 20, Chapter 65, Article 9.5
Assembly Bill 3566 (KATE)
Toxic Pits Clean Dp Act of 1984
Title 14, California Administrative
Code
California Adminiatrative Code,
Titles 22 and 23
Hazardous Waste Control Law
California Administrative Code
Title 23, Chapter 3, Subohapter 15
Assembly Bill 1362 (SHER)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Oround-Hater Protection
This act la the major enabling statute
for the State Water Resources Control
Board and the Regional Water Quality
Control Boards. Both are charged with
protecting the quality of ground water.
Basin Plans (303(e) and WQM Plans) are
developed by the Regional Board to set
goals for ground -water uses and establish
discharge prohibitions. Permitting of
dischargers and enforcement of those
permits is addressed. Adjudication
procedures are outlined. Construction
of waste disposal wells Is prohibited
into drinking water quality aqulfera.
Law requires the Department of Health
Services to conduct a one-time screening
of all water systems which utilize
ground water to determine the presence of
organic chemicals. Initial screening is
to be followed by a systematic monitoring
program judged for each public water
system to be relevant and reasonable
based on its screening results.
Prohibits after 6/30/88, the discharge of
liquid hazardous waste to a surface
impoundment within 1/2 mile of a potential
source of drinking water.
Permits contain waste discharge
requirements of regional water boards
which specify ground-water monitoring
requirements.
Title 22 implement*! law and regulates
hazardous waste facilities similar to
RCRA.
Regulates land disposal of overburden and
mining waste.
Statewide local government program for
permitting and monitoring underground
tanks and reporting leaks. The state
develops the regulations and the local
governments implement the program.
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STATlJ CALXrOUU
3.2. State arouad-Hatar Policy
3.2.1.
Ground water covered under
«m«rtl «tatt ctatutcc
Specific ctatc statute! for
ground water
Policy in exiitenoe for
protecting ground-Niter quality
Policy under developnent
Cheek
Z
X
X
X
-573-
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-Hater policy or strategy development process? Yes _X_ No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: State Water Resources Control Board
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The State Hater Resources Control Board has submitted a budget Increase proposal for FT 1985-86 to
develop a State Ground-Water Protection Strategy. The ultimate goal of the strategy is to protect ground-water
quality by preventing toxic and other pollutant discharges from reaching ground water and controlling other
ground-water quality problems by the year 2000.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Ground waters are classified according to potential uses, such as drinking water supply, industrial
process supply, etc. There is no statewide classification system. Agricultural waters are classified according
to their specific irrigation usage. A priority list of ground-water basins is in existence based on several
criteria, but will be updated with the development of the ground-water protection strategy. Domestic and
municipal waters are classified on an individual basis against water quality criteria contained in water quality
control plans.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes Xa No
3.2.5.2. Row are the standards used?
To regulate the quality of water discharged to ground-water basins via permit limitations.
3>2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Inorganic salts.
aVarious hydrologic basins have water quality standards designated for ground-water bodies.
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STATI: CALIPOUIA
3.3. State Acanoy BwpoaaibilltlM far Oramd-lfater ProUotlaa
Beaponsible
State
A«enoy
Department of
Conservation,
Division of Oil
and OM
Department of
Health Services
Departaent of
Health, Sanitary
Enginearlng Branch
Departaent of Food
and Agriculture
Departaent of
Water Resources
State Hater
Resources Control
Board
Regional Hater
Quality Control
Boards
Oround-
Water
Policy/
lul«/
Standard
X<
xe
xf
Federally Delegated Prograa
ICHA
X
me*
X
ras»
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping,
•to.
X
X
Oround-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
SoU
Coaaer-
ration
Mining
X
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPHS « Public Hater System.
CPE * Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department of Hater Resources has authority to: 1) conduct surveys and investigations relating to basin-wide use of
ground water and availability of surface water for artificial recharge; 2) investigate ground-water quality problems
related to sea water intrusion, overdraft, and other basin-wide factors; and 3) provide Regional Boards and local
Jurisdictions with recommended mlnioun standards for construction and destruction of water wells.
*The State Hater Resources Control Board has authority to: 1) establish state ground-water quality policy; 2) develop
and administer the state's water quality budget; 3) develop water quality regulations; and 4) conduct ambient monitoring.
fThe Regional Boards have authority to: 1) adopt Basin Plans (HQM Plans); 2) set water quality goals; 3) write permits;
4) take enforcement against non-complying dischargers; and 5) monitor for intensive surveys.
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
3.*. Inttr-Ageney Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Ground-water monitoring
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Agreement between State Hater Resources Control Board and
the Department of Health Services to coordinate clean-up
requirements and methods.
Agreement between the State Water Resources Control Board and
the Department of Water Resources for ground-water monitoring.
Agreement between the Department of Health Services and the
State Water Resources Control Board delineates tasks to be
performed by state and regional boards to implement RCRA,
primarily ground-water monitoring. Mechanism to pass through
RCRA funds.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Isaesaaent Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
CWA 208
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Sole source aquifer designations in Scott's Valley and Fresno.
Santa Clara County aquifer contamination mapping.
Under contract to the state Water Resources Control Board, the
Department of Water Resources assesses regional and localized
ground-water problems in eight "Priority I" ground-water
basins. Criteria used in determining whether ground-water basin
is "Priority I" are population, presence of alternative sources
of water, existing knowledge of ground-water quality and amount
of agricultural and/or municipal use. Monitoring being done in
the following basins: Yureka, Santa Rosa Valley, Salinas
Valley, Santa Clara River Valley, Tulare Lake, Antelope Valley,
Lower Mojave River Valley, and Upper Santa Ana River.
The State Water Resources Control Board is studying ground-
water contamination by pesticides.
Ground-water mapping has been conducted by the State Assembly,
Office of Research, covering several hundred polluted wells.
Assessment under 208 plans.
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STATE: CALIFOBIIA
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Drinking water
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring programs are required of all solid and
hazardous waste disposal sites within six months
of the effective date of the RCRA regulations.
Quarterly ground-water quality testing is also
required .
A state-wide ground-water monitoring program was developed
in 1974 designating 24 Priority I ground-water basins of
the 500 basins classified. Development of the monitoring
networks began with a pilot program in 4 basins. The
inventory was performed in 1977 and monitoring started
in 1978 and continued on an annual basis in the 4 basins.
Early sampling was limited to common minerals; heavy
metals and nutrients were included in 1980-61. Mon-
itoring networks for a few more Priority I basins are
now being developed. For each basin all ground-water
monitoring activities and wells are inventoried in
detail i and then a network is designed with monitoring
parameters and frequencies.
Ground-water monitoring in California's drinking water
program has recently been expanded from the 10 or so
inorganic contaminants regulated under drinking water
regulations. Assembly Bill 1803 provides for a one-
time screening of all large and small state water systems
for organic chemical contaminants.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
•aw of
Database
(Specify)
Notes: The state ground-water monitoring program is conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board with
partial funding by an EPA 106 grant. Results obtained from the cooperation of other agencies as well as SWHCB
data are used in ground-water quality assessment reports and to provide Information on toxic substances in major
ground-water basins. Monitoring for the Safe Drinking Water Act Is done by the state Department of Health
Services.
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^ — »^^ Context
Approaches — -^____^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens* advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground-
Httw Permit
Issues Issuance
X X
X X
X X
Specific
Begulatlon Qround-
Adoption, Hater
Changes Strategy Other
X Xs Xb
X X
X X
X
X
"Section 12921 of the state Water Code reads: ". . . (T)he Department (of Water Resources) .shall in conjunction
with public agencies conduct an investigation of the state's ground-water basins." During the investigation, 25
workshops and 4 public hearings were held. The results of the investigation appear in the Department of Water
Resources Bulletin 118-80.
state conducts public hearings at the time of the Basins Plan triennial review and Basin Plan updates.
Public participation is Included in studies done under 205(J). Public hearings also are held prior to issuance
of any waste discharge, cease and desist or clean-up and abatement order.
-578-
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOM) HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Ibusual/Notewortlty
Program Characteristic..*
DIG
Delegated;
Class II wells
Division of Oil and Gas
If an acceptable primacy
application could have been
submitted, the State Water
Resources Control Board would have
bad primacy over all Class I, III,
IV and V injection wells in the
state. However, a regional review
of the state's draft application
revealed flaws, including
the inability to require permits
prior to construction, the
inability to prescribe
construction requirements, and
insufficient civil and criminal
penalties. The possibility of
seeking additional state statutory
authority was investigated and it
was determined that passage of
such legislation was improbable.
By letter dated December 19&3, the
region was notified by the Board
that it would no longer pursue
primacy.
RCRA
Delegated; Phase I, II A
final authorization
pending.
Department of Health
Services
State Water Resources Board/
Regional Boards to regulate
and enforce ground-water
protection requirements and
monitoring; also responsible for
enforcing ground-water
requirements.
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
The Sanitary Engineering Branch
is responsible for implementing
drinking water regulations at
systems with 200 or more service
connections. Individual county
health officers are responsible
for water supply regulation at
systems with 199 or fewer
connections.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Food
and Agriculture
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STATE I CALIFORIIA
4.2. Qrut Statue
Orut
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Aot
Section 106
Ground-water activities art funded by state fund a.
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(J)
Tentative Mountain View Ground-Water Quality
PY 1981t Monitoring $131,558
11.19 million North Orange Ground-Water Program 96,000
Salinaa 3-D Model 52.500
Smith R.V. Ground-Water Peatioidea 97,500
Loa Angelas County Ground-Water Traoer Study 47,958
San Pranoiaoo Bay Ground-Water Protection 167,500
Santa Clara Consolidated Ground-Water Plan 157,500
Ventura County Septio Systems Management 16,000
Tahoe Baain Ground-Water Nutrienta 192,118
Santa Ana Ground-Water Study 56,000
Loa Angeles Weat Coast Baain Barrier 150.000
TOTAL $1,187,931
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(g)
Target
$7.0 million
None for ground-water aotivity.
RCRA
Section 3011
$1.6 million Taaks include: inspection of all ground-water
monitoring hazardous waate faoilitiea and enforcement
action where neoeaaary, and review of applioationa and
draft permits for 15 land diapoaal faoilitiea. Total
budget: approximately $2,000,000.
VIC
$359,500
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$110,000
-580-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
5. 8TATK-ORIOXIATBD OHOUID-WATER PIOTICTXON PBOQRAMS
5.1. Oround-ttitw Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The State Hater Resources Control Board has submitted a budget increase proposal for FY 1965-1986 to
develop a state Oround-Water Protection Strategy. The ultimate goal of the strategy is to protect ground-water
quality by preventing toxic and other polluted discharges from reaching ground water and controlling other ground-
water quality problems by the year 2000. Currently, the state water quality policy and regulations are
established by the State Water Resources Board. They have requested supplemental 106 ground-water money
($300,000) to accomplish this.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Oround-Water Hooitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring in California's drinking water program has recently been expanded from the
ten or so inorganic contaminants regulated. The Department of Health Services systematically monitors each public
water system, setting standards based on initial screening results. Development of monitoring programs is
required of solid/hazardous waste disposal site operators within six months of effective date of RCRA regulations,
and quarterly ground-water quality testing will be conducted.
A ground-water quality monitoring program is conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board, and was
developed in 1971 with the designation of 24 Priority I ground-water basins of the 461 basins Identified.
Development of the monitoring networks began with a pilot program in four basins. The inventory was performed in
1977 and monitoring started In 1978 and continued on an annual basis in the four basins. The first years'
sampling was limited to common minerals; heavy metals and nutrients were included in 1980-81. Monitoring networks
for a few more Priority I ground-water basins have since been developed in a structured program. For each basin
all ground-water monitoring activities and wells are inventoried In detail, and then a network is designed with
monitoring parameters and frequencies.
FY 1984 Funding: $240,000
Funding Source: State
5.3. Oround-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Department of Health Services, under Assembly Bill 1803, will conduct a one-time screening of
all water systems using ground water to determine the presence of organic chemicals. Ambient monitoring is
conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board. The California Assembly Office of Research covered several
hundred polluted wells in a ground-water mapping report titled, "Is Our Water Safe to Drink?" The Department of
Water Resources also engages in aquifer studies and mapping activities.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Local governments conduct programs for management of wells used for agricultural chemical mixing and
irrigation management.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-581-
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Department of Health Services issues hazardous waste permits which include ground-water
requirements for land disposal and surface Impoundment facilities.
The Department of Water Resources conducts surveys and investigations relating to the uae of reclaimed water
for recharge of underground storage. It also investigates quality damage to ground water from Improperly
constructed, abandoned, or defective wells, and makes recommendations to local agencies and ithe Regional Water
Quality Control Board regarding minimum standards for well construction and destruction.
Article 9.5, Chapter 6.5, Division 20 of the Health and Safety Codes prohibits siting of surface impoundments
within 1/2 mile of any potential source of drinking water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Sher Bill provides for a statewide local government program for permitting and monitoring
underground tanks reporting leaks. The State Water Resources Control Board will develop policies and regulations
for underground tanks storing hazardous materials, including containment, monitoring, testing, closure, and leak
reporting of tanks. The Regional Water Quality Control Boards will review requests for site-specific variance
from design, construction and/or monitoring standards, as well as remedy the effects of, and remove, any hazardous
substance which has been released from an underground tank if requested by local agencies. Local agencies issue
five-year permits to operate underground tanks, and conduct inspections for compliance with regulations once every
three years.
The Cortese Bill requires a statewide inventory of all underground tanks storing hazardous materials.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Reports of spills of hazardous materials and contamination reports are taken by Regional Boards and
are reported to Regional Boards by other response agencies. Regional Boards review and approve response
activities to mitigate a problem and provide expertise relative to what must be cleaned up, what and where waste
may be disposed, and what monitoring programs are appropriate to protect the beneficial uses of ground water.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: General fund
5.9. Other
-582-
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STATE OBOOTP-HATEH PBOOBAM 8DHMABT
STATE: HAWAII
1. IATOBB OP THE GBOOBD-VATBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologle Cbarmotwlftlea. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Charaotoriatloa
Pnjralographio
RagioD/PrOTlaoe A:
Physiographic
Beglon/Provinoe B:
Physiographic
Baglon/ProriDoe C:
Peroeot of atate covered
by thia province (estlsatad)
Dbooofiaed Aquifer(a)
See notes below.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Notes: The Hawaiian archipelago, which makes up the region, is a chain of volcanic islands situated over a
1,600-mile-long fissure in the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The eight major islands are tops of enormous shield
volcanoes, which project high above the level of the aaa in the southeastern end of the chain. Each of the major
islands consists of one to five volcanic domes, the bulk of which are composed of thousands of generally thin-
bedded highly vesicular baaaltic lava flows. The structural features generally associated with these flows, such
as an abundance of clinker sections, voids between flow surfaces, and shrinkage jointa and fractures, make these
rocks highly porous and pervious. The lavas issued forth in repeated outpourings from narrow zones of fissure
associated with each volcano. When volcanic activity oeased, lava remaining in the fissures was quickly chilled
by the surrounding rook and filled the fissures with narrow vertical sheets of rook with low permeability called
dikes. This rook assemblage of highly permeable baaaltio lava flows, intruded in part by dikes in the rift zones
and free of dikes outside the rift zones, makes up the principal aquifer in the Hawaiian Islands.
Principal ground-water resources consist of lens-shaped bodies of fresh water floating on sea water within the
aquifers. Fresh water in the saturated zone flows gradually seaward and is maintained by the constant influx of
downward percolating rain water. Moat aoils overlying aquifers have a water-stable aggregated structure which
imports hydrologic characteristics of coarsely textured soils and consequently are highly permeable with rapid
infiltration and drainage.
-583-
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STATE: HAVIII
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater ma Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Danes tic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater
38«
11
51"
100
% Ground Hater
of Total Hater
Municipal and domestic water supply.
^Pineapple and sugar crops.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
Domestic
Hells
Total
91J
833,000
-534-
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STATE: HAWAII
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of eootaBdj
2 « next aoat serious, etc.)
itloo and rank top four —Is moat serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 3
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cheek Rank
Injection wells X 2
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xa 1
Road salting
Agricultural use of organic chemicals, including EDB, DBCP, and TCP has
resulted in contamination of drinking water. Restoration of water quality
will require construction of treatment plants.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-585-
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STATES HAWAII
3. STATE OBOUHMUTBB MABAGKHRNT STIOCTORE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Chapter
No provisions specifically for ground
water.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Chapter 312-3
Law provides authority for enforcement of
solid and hazardous waste regulations.
Hazardous waste
Chapter 312-3
Law provides authority for enforcement of
solid and hazardous waste regulations.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
UIC
Chapter 310E
Safe Prinking Water' Act provides for
development of UIC program.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-586-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
3.2.2. fievelop»ent of Ground-fater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yea X Ho
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Hawaii is working with EPA and other state agencies to develop strategy.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3*2.41. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No _
The state has a partial ground-water classification system; see answer to the next question.
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The City and County of Honolulu have developed a "no-pass" line around the Island of Oahu. Underground
injection is allowed only on the seaward side of the line. The inland is reserved for water supply. The City
and County of Honolulu also have designated the Pearl Harbor and Honolulu aquifers the "Pearl Harbor Ground-Water
Control Areas* and instituted special controls to protect and preserve these aquifers. These controls include
water allocations and Injection controls.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3*2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-587-
-------
8TATI: HAWAII
3.3. State Aceooy Beiponaibilitlee for Ground-Vater ProUoUoo
BMpOOlible
StaU
Agency
Department of
Health
Department of
Health Services,
Drinking Water
Section
Department of
Agriculture,
Division of Plant
Industry,
Pesticide Branch
Department of
Lana and Natural
Resources
Oround-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
Federally Delegated Procru
•OU
X
rac*
X
NBb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
MappU*,
etc.
X
Oround~
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Coneer-
TStiOO
Ninli«
-
Protec-
tion
fro.
Iced
De-icing
Other
X*
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE - Pesticides Enforcement.
^The Department controls withdrawals In designated ground-water control areas.
-588-
-------
STATE: UV1XX
3.4.
Topioa
Protection of specific aquifer
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Gbaok If
applicable
X
Description of Agrssawits
and Agencies
The State Water Commission is looking at the pesticide problem.
This committee was appointed by the Governor and has members
from the Departments of Agriculture, Health, and Land and
Natural Resources.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource A
it Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
USGS is assessing the Southern Oahu Aquifer (Pearl Harbor and
Honolulu Aquifers). All ground-water sources for public water
supplies are being tested for organics by the Health Department.
-589-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate altes
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Health Department did a one-time survey of public
Mater supplies for organlcs.
The Department of Land and Natural Resources monitors
ground-water levels and chlorides. USGS and the
University of Hawaii also do some monitoring. Hawaii
has no state regulations for ground -water monitoring.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
•-^^^ Context
Approaches -^^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
»ur Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa Xb
aPublic hearings were held for proposed UIC regulations.
bPublic hearings were held for designation of ground-water control areas.
-590-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
H. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OP PBDBRAL PBOOIAMS TO PBOTBCT QIOOID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State ImpleaMOting Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Not delegated
DI2 package for Class V wells
is pending. (Proposed Class V
DIG programs more stringent
than required by Federal
regulations. Action on proposal
la pending until a study of
the impact of the regulations
on geothermal operations has
been completed.)
Department of Health
The proposed Hawaii UIC program
allow only Class V wells. A
line is drawn around each island
separating drinking water quality
ground-water from non-potable
water. Injection is not allowed
on the "no-pass" aide of the
line.
RCHA
Not delegated
Department of Health
In FT 1985, the Department of
Health may receive a RCRA grant
for program implementation. At
present, one staff person Is
assigned to the solid/hazardous
waste program.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Services, Drinking Water
Section
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture, Division
of Plant Industry,
Pesticide Branch
Branch has done soil and perched
water sampling for pesticide
residues.
-591-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
R 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$330,000
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
1189,180
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$750,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,800
None for ground-water activities.
UIC
$12,500
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$75,300
-592-
-------
STATS: HAWAII
5. STATB>01ZOIMnD GROOBD-HATRI PBOTBCTIOI PBOORAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The City and County of Honolulu have designated the Pearl Harbor and Honolulu Aquifers the "Pearl
Harbor Ground-Water Control Areas" and Instituted special controls to protect and preserve these aquifers. These
controls include water allocations and injection controls.
Toe City and County have also developed a "no-pass" line around the Island of Oahu. Underground injection is
allowed only on the seaward aide of the line. The inland is reserved for water supply.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Oround-Vater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Land and Natural Resources monitors ground-water levels and chlorides. There are
no state regulations requiring ground-water monitoring.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: All ground-water sources for public water supplies are being tested for organica by the Health
Department in a once-only survey.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The State Water Commission is investigating the pesticides problem.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-593-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
5.5. PWBite/Ccatrol of Dlaohargea to around Hater
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-594-
-------
STATE OBOPro-MTBB PROGRAM SOMMABT
STATE: BVADA
1. IATORB OF THE GBOOND-HATEB RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Begioo/ProTinoe B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconflned Aquifer(a)
Nevada lies within the
Great Basin and is
generally characterized
by a series of north
trending mountain ranges
separated by alluvlated
valleys and a drainage
system which is internally
drained.
The chemical quality of
ground-water In the Great
Basin region ranges from
fresh to brine. Generally,
In alluvial aprons at the
margins of most valleys,
the ground-water is fresh.
Saline water occurs
locally near some thermal
springs and in areas where
the aquifer includes rocks
containing large amounts
of soluble salts.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-595-
-------
STATE: MKVADA
1.2. Primary OMS of Ground Hater aa Percent of ToUl Oaace
CM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Mining /energy
production
Drinking water
Total
% of Total | Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
i»*
a
70b
22
4
100
aUrban/industrial/livestock watering.
Irrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
75)1
527,000
Domestic
Hells
15*
105,000
Total
9o>;
632,000
-596-
-------
STATE: IKVADA
2.1. Souroes (Owok Mjor •ouroes of oonta-1 nation and rank top four
2 • Mzt >Mt Mrloua, ato.)
— 1 «
rious,
Source Cheek lank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 3
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining activities X
Source Check teak
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Xa
xb
-J-L
xb
xb
n-i _»-.-.-..
xc
Radioactive material X
Pesticides _.--___
Other (specify) ______
Industrial facilities, including 8MI In southern Nevada, Kerr MoGee Corporation, Montrose Chemical, and
Stauffer have contributed to ground-water contamination by organlcs, including benzene and chlorfora. Residents
of this area do not use the ground water for drinking water. However, ground water does discharge to the Las
Vegas Wash which is a tributary to Lake Mead.
bNaturally occurring.
°Chroaiium.
-597-
-------
STATE: IEVADA
3. STATE GROOHD-HATEH MARAGEHEHT STROCTDBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertalali« to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Hooitored by Statute
Statute lame/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control
Hater Pollution Control Law
NRS Chapter 4Jt5.131-W5.351*
Public Water System Law
NRS 445.361-115.399
Law protects all state inters by
developing and implementing plans and
programs to reduce or eliminate
pollution, i.e., WQS, permitting, and
NFS control.
Law requires monitoring PWSs to ensure
the public is provided with safe
drinking water, and enforcement of
regulations if PWSs are not In
compliance.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Water Pollution Control Law
Public Water System Law
Solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Law
NRS 444.440-m.620
Same description as Hazardous Waste Law
except for solid waste, e.g., landfills.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Law
NRS 44").700-444.778
Law protects human health, public safety,
and the environment from the effects of
improper, inadequate or unsound management
of hazardous waste.
Mining
Water Pollution Control Law
Hazardous Waste Law
Permitting of zero discharges.
Disposal of hazardous material, on-site
landfill.
! Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Conservation Law
NRS 522
Water Pollution Control law
Law protects waters of the state from
pollution from drilling wells and disposal
of water.
Permitting of discharge permits.
Other (specify);
Geothermal
Water Pollution Control Law
Geothermal Resources
NRS 543A.010-534A.090
Requires permitting of geothermal
activities to prevent ground-water
contamination. Regulates non-consumptive
use and reinjection activities which do
not contaminate aquifers.
Motes:
-598-
-------
STATI: BVADA
3.2. State ONund-Matw Policy
3.2.1. SUtes
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
. Policy under development
Cheek
X
X
-599-
-------
STATE: BTIDA
3.2.2. Development of Grouod-*at«- Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: _____________________
Tes
No X
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Cbeck
X
X
Notes: The unwritten ground-water policy is that the state will not allow degradation of ground-water quality
below the drinking water standards or below its present state.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-600-
-------
STATE: MBYADA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
.Responsible
State
agency
Division of
Environmental
Protection*1
State Health
Division, Bureau
of Consumer Health
Protection Services
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Mineralsr
Division of Water
Resources
Conservation
Board /Districts
Oround-
ttater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally Delegated Program
RCRA
X
Dl(f
Xe
ras"
X
PBC
X
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
*niiir»r>
topping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
X
Protec-
tion
free
Boad
De-icing
X
Otter
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPKS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Division iaplements Water Pollution Control programs and the Hazardous Waste program.
ePrograai not delegated.
'The Department protects waters from pollution from drilling wells and underground disposal from oil and gas activities.
-601-
-------
STATB: BYADA
3.*.
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy anl strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Subdivision review
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Same agreement as Subdivision review; the state Health Division
does Inspections.
The Division of Environmental Protection and the state Health
Division have an agreement to do plan and specification reviews
for subdivisions that Impact surface and ground water. The
Division of Environmental Protection certifies that the project
will not pollute waters of the state. The Health Division
approves project.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Ground-water availability
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The Division of Water Resources evaluates ground-water
availability.
The state Health Division has well water quality data.
The Division of Environmental Protection requires monitoring
and dcaa identification/assessment of waste sites under RCRA.
USGS conducts specific ground-water assessments, i.e., Fallen,
Eagle Valley to evaluate ground-water availability.
-602-
-------
STATE: RVADA
3.6. SUU Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Typea of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
Mate altes
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Monitoring based on
ground-water permits
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
See below.
See below, as required by RCRA.
Ground-water monitoring is required in ground-water
permits usually where the discharge leaves the plant
at observation wells up and down gradient as appropriate.
Other monitoring is done in response to suspected con-
tamination (i.e., mining sites) and at public water
systems. Monitoring is done on a monthly or quarterly
basis, and is mainly for nutrients, BOD and other
specific contaminates as appropriate.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
Bame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^"~~"~~--~^_^^ Context
Approaches --^___^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground -
NMW Permit
Issues Issuance
xa xb
Xa X
Xa X
xb
xa
Specific
Regulation Ground-
Adoption, Hater
Changes Strategy
X
X
X
X
X
Other
Xc
X
X
xc
aAs requested or when issues arise.
Public notices and public hearings are required for the NPDES and RCRA permit programs.
°fublic notices and public hearings are required for water quality management plan updates.
-603-
-------
STATE: EETADA
4. STATE XMPLEMBHTATXOR OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROOID WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Onusual/loteworthy
Prograa Cbaraeterlatioa
Not delegated
(DI1 program la pending)
Division of Environmental
Protection
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I and II A, B
Interim Authorization,
final authorization pending
Department of
Environmental Protection
PHS
Delegated
State Health Division,
Bureau of Consumer
Health Protection
Services
Waahoe and Clark Counties have
been delegated the program in
those counties and they are
carried out by the local health
departments.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Partially delegated
Department of
Agriculture
Under a cooperative agreement with
the state, the Department conducts
pesticide enforcement
investigations under state
authority and FIFRA. State does
not have legislation to issue
civil complaints, only warning
letters. Violations of Federal
pesticide laws are referred to
EPA. State does not routinely
monitor pesticides in ground-
water, but does random checks on
pesticide disposal during use
inspections.
-604-
-------
STATE: HTADA
4.2. flrant SUtua
Grant
1965 Allocation
Specific Oround-fcter
ProjeoU/Taalui and Budget
Clean Hater Aot
Section 106
$160,000
$100,000
(Supplemental
(round -water}
State strategy, MOA development identify legal,
institutional barriers, ground-water permitting/
enforcement.
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(J)
$119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$476,640
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,000
UIC
$62,900*
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$79,100
"Nevada is not eligible for UIC funds until it receives prinacy.
-605.-
-------
STATE: BYADA
5. STATK-OlIGIiATBD GBODID-MATEB PBOTBCTIOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: n/a
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Oround-Uater Monitoring
Description: Monitoring is required for ground-water permits at appropriate observation wells up and down
gradient from the discharge sites. Monitoring is conducted in response to permit requirements on a monthly or
quarterly basis, primarily for biological oxygen demand. Public water supplies, as well as suspected
contamination sites (i.e. mining sites), are also monitored.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State/106 funds
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: n/a
FTC 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: n/a
FY 1980 Funding:
Funding Source:
-606-
-------
STATE: IBVaDa
5.5. P«ndU/Ceetrol of Dlaonargea to Oreund maUr
Description: The Nevada Department of Mineral* protects waters fro* pollution fro* drilling wells and underground
disposal for oil and gas activities. The Department of Environmental Protection issues permits for ground-water
discharges under the Vater Pollution Control Program. In response to the ground-water contamination in southern
Nevada by organica, including benzene and chloroform, the Department of Environmental Protection has developed the
Comprehensive Site Management Plan.
FT 1964 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: State/106 funds
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The atate Health Division conducts inspections and follow-up under contract from the Division of
Environmental Protection.
FT 1984 Funding: $30,000
Funding Source: 106
5.7. Bulk Storage/Oodergrouod Storage Tank Programs
Description: n/a
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Emergency response activities, e.g., inspection, follow-up, and enforcement.
FY 1984 Funding: $4,500.00
Funding Source: State /I06 funds
5.9. Other
-607-
-------
REGION X
-------
-------
STATE CRODMD-WATER PROGRAM 30MMAHI
STATE: ALASKA
1. BATDHB OF THE CBOOND-HATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Oeoleglc and Bydrolegle Characteristic*. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(*••• formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmlsslvity, aquifer interconnection, exter
of contamination).
Cnaracterlatlca
Phyalograpblo
Region/Province A:
Arctic
Physiographic
Roglon/ProTloce B:
Northwest
Physiographic
legloo/ProTlaoe C:
Tukon
Percent of state covered
by tbls proTlflce (estimated)
351
Aqulfer(a)
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: The ground-water conditions In Alaska are highly variable. The unfrozen, recent alluvial deposlta In
river valleys, including the flood plains, terraces, and alluvial fans, are the principal aquifers and recharge
areas In the state. The alluvium, consisting largely of permeable sand and gravel, ranges in thickness from a feu
feet in small mountain valleys, to about 2,000 feet in the Tanana Valley. The glacial and glaciolacustrine
deposits in the interior valleys, particularly the Copper River Basin, are a auch smaller source of water. The
consolidated bedrock is capable of small water yields from fractures. The ground water also occurs in cavernous
carbonate rocks that support large springs. The extent and thickness of permafrost limits the availability of
ground water.
-603-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
1. MTORB (V THB QROQID-WATBI KSOTHCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydroloflo Cteractarlatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharaoteriatioa
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamisslvity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of oontaaination).
Charaoterlatics
Pbyalograpbio
Raglon/ProTlooe D:
Southwest
Phyalograpblo
Reglon/ProTiooa B:
Southoentral
Pbgrsiographio
Befloti/ProTlnoe F:
Southeast
Peroeat of state oorered
by tola prorlaoe (eatlHtted)
Dnoonflned Aqulfer(a)
Confined Aquifer(s)
-609-
-------
3TATK: ALASKA
1.2. trtomrj Oaaa of around Hater w Percent of Total Oaagea
Dae
Publio Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Water
around Hater of Total Hater
85 75
2 *1
10 80
3
100
aVery rough estimates.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
51
270,000
Domestic
Hells
15
75,000
Total
69$
345,000
aVery rough estimates.
-610-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of contamination and rank top four
2 * next Most serious, etc.)
— 1 = moat, serious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X3 2
tanks
Other (specify) :
Naturally occurring Xb
arsenic
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 4
Road salting
aFuel.
Fairbanks area.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
I
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
Fairbanks area (natural occurrence).
bBacteria.
-611-
-------
STATSJ ALASKA
3. STATE GHOOID-HATEB KAMAGEMEIT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground -water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute laae/lo.
Alaska Statute 46 .03. 050 ,(.710)
Alaska Statute 46. 03. 060, (.070), (.080)
Same as above
Alaska Statute 46.03.100-120
Alaska Statute 46.03. 296,. 299, .302,
.313,. 760,. 790
Alaska Statute 46.03.740
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
This statute regulates general pollution
control, and pertains to all waters,
including ground water.
This statute gives the state authority to
protect state waters.
Same as above
Landfill permits can take into account
potential ground -water impacts.
These statutes authorize the development
of regulations that will be equivalent to
RCRA and routine ground-water monitoring
will be required at land disposal
facilites.
This statute pertains to the protection
of ground water from oil and gas.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
-612-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3*2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee:
Yes
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
They would be used to write discharge permits if the state felt there was a threat to ground water.
Very limited use to date.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Thirteen categories of contaminants, bacteria, nitrates, etc.
-613-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3.3. State Agency BeapcnalMlitiee for Ground-ltoter Protection
Reaponalble
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Conservation
Department of
Natural Resources
Ground-
Hater
foliar/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
KRA
BIC*
rasb
X
re°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
Oround-
Kater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X*
8UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcenent.
"Water rights, water quality.
-614-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3.1. Intar-lganay
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
Description of Agreementa
and Agencies
3.5. Status of Oround-Water Resource
it Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
QMOk if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Ground -water resources have been mapped en a limited scale in
oil and gas production areas as part of the Surface Impoundment
Assessment Study and the Underground Injection Control Program.
•
-615-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cheek
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Department of Natural Resources tracks well
logs. The Department of Environmental Conservation
samples water supply wells as part of special
studies .
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Oieek)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Note: No coordinated ground-water monitoring effort has been developed by the state.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^""~""~-~~^_^^ Context
Approaches ^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups'5
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
itoter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
XXX
XXX
X X
aPart of the annual state/EPA agreement process.
''Water Resources Board.
-616-
-------
STATI: ALASKA
». STATE IMPUtHRRATIOl OP RDBIAL PIOOIANS TO PROTECT OBODID WATII
4.1. ProftNU Status
Federal
Program
Status of Progras Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Otauatwl/lotavortiqr
Procrui Ctentotorlatioa
DIG
Mot delegated, application
pending.
Except for About a dozen wella,
all are Clans II. Features
include: 1} a large scale of
projects, all relatively recent
and employing good industry
standards; and 2) the presence of
permafrost. New projects are
being plannod and developed.
RCRA
Not delegated8
PUS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Disadvantages include: 1) the
remoteness of many public water
systems; 2) high costs due in part
to high cost of living and travel;
and 3) many very small systems
with poor to non-existent
operations.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Conservation
The state has assumed the
responsibility under a non-funded
agreement.
Scheduled to be delegated in FY 1987, currently implemented by the EPA.
bPesticide enforcement activities focus on the misuse of pesticides. No ground-water contamination incidents
Involving pesticides have been reported.
-617-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
4.2. Orant Status
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJeota/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$170,000 Host of the funds will be applied to ground-water
activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
4146,000
Dairy Haste Disposal Project.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$566,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$170,000 Ground water is the primary concern in writing land
disposal permits, so a significant portion of funds
will be targeted toward ground water. Currently,
ground-water technical information is being generated
to aid the permit-writing process.*
UIC
$101,000 FY 1984 allocation of $19,400 la being used for direct
implementation efforts.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)b
None
None
"Used FY 1984 funds.
"Alaska has assumed moat of the enforcement responsibilities but no formal funded agreement exists at
present.
-618-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
5. 8TATB-ORIOIMATED GRODNO-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Mater Strategy
(Including ground-Mater quality standards and classification)
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Mater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Environmental Conservation conducts sampling of water supply wells as part of some
special studies, but the state has not developed a coordinated monitoring effort.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.J. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Happing
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: A 205(j) project is underway to monitor ground water in conjunction with dairy waste management.
FT 1984 Funding: 450,000
Funding Source: 205(J)
-619-
-------
STATEJ ALASKA
5.5. Pwalto/Centrol of Discharges to Ground Mater
Description: Permit programs can be used to regulate solid waste disposal facilities and other potential sources
of ground-water contamination.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Iknagement Program
Description: Domestic Haste Hater Disposal Program for control of on-slte sewage disposal.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State funded
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Spill response program.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-620-
-------
STATE OROaro-MATEH HOOKAH SOMMART
STATE: IDAHO
1. BAT08E OP THE GROUND-MITER IBSOOBC8
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologleal characteristics
(i.*. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiaslvlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Snake River Basin
Physiographic
Region/ProTiaoe B:
Kootznai & Pend Oreille
River Basins
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Spokane-Coeur d'Alene
River Basin
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconfined Aquifer(s)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer (a)
Note A: This is the largest physiographic province in Idaho and about 86% of the population lives within Its
borders. The ground-water conditions in the main river valley and in several tributary river basins differ
considerably.
The Boise-Namps area in the western part of the Snake River Basin is comprised of shallow, terrace gravel
aquifers, Quaternary alluvium, and basalts of the Snake River Group. The Glenns Ferry Formation of the Idaho
Group is the deepest aquifer in the area and is composed of continental beds of clay, silt, sand, and fine gravel,
and locally contains volcanic ash and lava flows.
In the Twin Falls district on the southwest side of the Snake River Plain, ground water Is obtained from
basaltic and silicic rocks and from sand and gravel beds.
The ground-water in the Owyhee upland is available from volcanic rocks, sediments of the Idaho Group, and
valley-fill material.
The Snake River Plain (about 10,000 square miles) is a great structural depression filled with a series
of basalt flows alternating with beds of pyroclastic and sedimentary materials which consist of one of the world's
most productive aquifers. At the surface, boundaries are formed by contact with less permeable and complex rock
formations surrounding the Plain. The lower boundary of the aquifer is not known. The basaltic volcanic rock
inter-bedded with alluvial sediments, fractures, cavities, lava tubes, and floodplain deposits of coarse sand and
gravel are all characteristics of this aquifer.
Note B; A sizable underflow of ground water takes place along the Idaho-Washington border. Substantial
quantities of ground water can be found in the glacial deposits of the valleys and, in the upland area, from the
crystalline rock.
Note C; The highly permeable glacial outwash deposits are present in the lowlands and river valleys allowing for
large quantities of ground water.
The ground water in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin is available from alluvial deposits of varying
thickness.
-621-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
1. MATURE OP THE CROUMD-WATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologicaX characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlsslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Rogion/ProTlaoe D:
Clearwater and Palouse
River Basins
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Salmon River Basin
Physiographic
Region/Province P:
Great Basin
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Obconfined Aqulfer(a)
The Columbia River Group
basalt, associated
sedimentary rocks, and
alluvium are the principal
aquifers in these basins.
The Moscow Basin ground
water is from unconsollda-
ted deposits and sands in
the Latah Formation and
interbedded Columbia River
basalt flows. The upper
sediments are under water
table conditions, and the
deeper aquifers are
divided into an upper,
middle, and lower artesian
zone.
The Salmon River covers
a large portion of cen-
tral Idaho. The princi-
pal aquifers are alluvial
deposits in the river
valleys and volcanic
and associated
sedimentary rocks.
This region is in the
southeastern section of
Idaho. The ground water is
encountered in alluvium,
sedimentary rocks, and in
the basalt of the Snake
River Group.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
-622-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
1.2. Primary Does of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Use
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater* of Total Hater0
2 94
33 95
65 26
<1 78
alndicates the percentage of the total ground water used per year.
^Indicates the percentage of total water use that is supplied from ground water.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
90%
900,000
-623-
-------
2.1.
STATE: IDAHO
Sources (Cbeok Major sources of oootaadnatlon and rank top four
2 • ant «oet acrioua, «to.)
— 1 «
t serious,
Souroe Cbeok lank
S«ptio tanks X 1
Municipal land fills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pita)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 3
tanks
Other (specify)
flourot Cbsjok lank
Injection wells X*
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/ X 1
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
^Radioactive and chemical injection.
Notes: No major problems of wide area impact have been discovered to date.
2.2. Contaadnatlng Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aSome bacteriological contamination of ground-water sources primarily due to septic tank drainage and possibly
in lection of agricultural runoff.
-624-
-------
STATI: IDAHO
3. arm oBomro-NATKR MAIAGKMBIT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Meter Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored toy Statute
General water pollution
oootrol
Ground-water quality
(including public health
atandarda)
Solid waste
Hazardous wate
Mining
Oil and gaa
Other (apeolfy)
Statute laaM/lo.
Idaho Code Title 39
Idaho Code Title 39 and 42
Idaho Code Title 39
Idaho Code Title 39, Chapter W
Not specified
Idaho Code Title 39
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
The statute regulates general water
pollution control pertaining to all
waters, including ground water; the
Department of Health and Welfare
administers these regulations.
The Idaho Department of Health and
Welfare has a proposed ground-water
policy and standards. The Idaho
Department of Water Resources has the
authority to regulate injection wells.
The Idaho Department of Health and
Welfare has proposed new regulations
for adoption in FY 1985. Ground-water
protection is factored in.
The Idaho Department of Health and
Welfare will administer new regulations
nearly identical to RCRA which will
require monitoring of disposal
facilities.
The Departnent of Lands la responsible
for the protection of ground water from
oil and gaa drilling.
Regulations are proposed in FY 1965 and
FY 1986 for underground storage tanks,
subsurface aewage systems, land
application of waate, and pesticide rinse
fluid disposal.
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-625-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Xa there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Ground-Water Quality Management Plan, completed in September 1983, presents a classification of the
major aquifers in the state based on pollution potential (OFR 79-1177), and identifies major categories of
contamination. The plan recommends development of ground-water quality standards and a management policy, as well
as funding for two ground-water hydrologist positions. A public information and education program, along with
interageney coordination, Is also recommended. Finally, it suggests pursuing funding for the implementation of
its designed ground-water quality monitoring program, and the development of guidelines for siting, construction,
operation and maintenance of surface impoundments. An aquifer protection plan for the Northern Panhandle area of
Idaho is also included.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. -use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Special Resource Water
Potable Water Supplies
protection against degradation unless social or economic factors override.
protection as drinking water without treatment.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes ___ No _x
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Will be used to regulate potable ground-water sources through a plan and specification approval process.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Primary and secondary drinking water standards; i.e., selected inorganics, pesticides, and synthetic
organics .
aTo be adopted in FY 1985.
-626-
-------
3TATI: IDAHO
3.3. State Acanoy iaapcnaibilitieB for QrouDd-Mater Prot«oUan
_ 1h1
State
Agency
Department of
Hater Resources
Department of
Health and Welfare
Department of
Lands
Department of
Agriculture
Orouod-
tteter
Polf MV/
Standard
X
X
Pel
BOA
l«r»Hly-
OIC*
d
1
DvlflCfttii
F»»
X
td Pro|
«•
X
tfmm
Other
Data
Collec-
tion.
topping,
•to.
X
X
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
W*WM
Road
De-ioing
Othe
X*
aUIC r Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE : Pesticides Enforcement.
dPending.
rights, vater quantity.
-627-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
Z
X
X
Description of AgreeaeDta
and Agencies
Idaho and Washington are cooperating to protect the Spokane/
Rathdrum Aquifer which flows from Idaho to Washington.
The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare and the Department
of Water Resources will be cooperating on development of a
ground-water protection strategy for the .Snake Plain Aquifer.
A Memorandum of Understanding will be developed among agencies
participating in the UIC program.
Contractual agreement between USGS and the Idaho Department of
Health and Welfare for specific site studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
7 Check If
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ground-water resources have been mapped aa part of the Surface
Impoundment Assessment Study and the Underground Injection
Control Program. USGS, under the "sole source aquifer" program,
has prepared detailed background documents on the Snake Plain
and Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifers. Previous 206 studies have
consisted of ground-water assessments for specific areas
including aquifer and pollution potential.
Ambient ground-water quality
USGS has developed flow and quality computer models for the
Spokane/Rathdrun Aquifer. The state has developed a drinking
water program monitoring database.
Assessment at waste sites
The ground-water quality survey portion of the 1982 Open Dump
Inventory conducted by the Department of Health and Welfare.
USGS is doing the Blackfoot, Idaho study under a contract from
the state.
Other (specify)
-628-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste si tea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Ground -water quality survey portion of the 1982 Open
Dump Inventory.
Site specific monitoring at hazardous waste sites.
State drinking water quality monitoring program.
The program Includes monitoring of ground-water
level measurements, and sporadic quality sampling
with data from more than 2,200 sites in computer
storage. The Idaho Department of Water Resources
and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting
pollution monitoring in five vulnerable areas (Boise
Valley, Rathdrum Prairie, southeast Idaho, east
Idaho mountain valleys , and Bruneau-Grandview) .
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeok)
X
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
Note: The U.S. Geological Survey prepared a ground-water monitoring plan for Idaho in 1979 (OFR W7), but funding
is not available to implement the plan.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
""" -~^_^^ Context
Approaches — •— ^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ttater Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
X X
X
Xb
alncludes workshops and hearing opportunities as part of the annual state/EPA
agreement.
"Guidelines on underground storage tank problems.
-629-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
4. STATE IWLBHBiTATIO* OT FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PBOTECT OH001D VATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Prograa
Status of Prograa Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Obueual/lotewortny
Prograa Charaoteriatloa
UIC
Not delegated;
application pending
Department of Hater
Resources
Class V prograa.
RCRA
Not delegated
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
and Welfare
Pesticides
Enforcement8'
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
"Pesticide enforcement focuses on the misuse of pesticldea. Reported ground-water contamination oases have not
involved peaticides.
-630-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
FT 1965 Allocation
Specific Orouad-ltetw
Projecta/Taaks and Budget
Clean Nater Act
Section 106
Supplemental 106
Ground-Water Grant
$430,000 Approximately 1.0 work-years of effort will be expended
on protection of ground-water quality out of the base
106 grant.
$145,000 Approximately 2.7 work-years for ground-water program
development under the 106 supplemental ground-water
grants.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,000 Development of ground-water quality standards.
Ground-water study in the Blackfoot, Idaho area.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$477,000
None.
RCRA
Section 3011
$164,000 The main focus of the program is to consider ground-
water in the writing of land disposal permits.
Currently, ground-water technical information is being
generated to aid the permit-writing process.8
UIC
$80,200
Funds will be used to assess and resolve ground-water
contamination problems related to injection.
FIFHA
Section 23(a)(1)b
$15,600 Certification and training.
$147,700 Pesticide enforcement.
*Used previous fiscal year funds.
Idaho and the EPA have a funded agreement under which the state has assumed primary enforcement
responsibility for FIFRA regulation.
-631-
-------
STATE: IDAHO
5. STATB-01IQDUTBD QROUID-VATXR PKOTKCTIO* PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Ground-water management plan adopted in September 1983, and ground-inter protection policy, quality
standards, and classification being proposed for adoption in FT 1985.
FY 1984 Funding: 410,000
Funding Source: 205(J)
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring consists of water level measurements and sporadic water quality sampling.
Since 1976, the Department of Water Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting pollution
monitoring in five areas considered vulnerable: Boise Valley, Rathdrum Prairie, southeast Idaho, east Idaho
mountain valleys, and Bruneau-Grandview. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a ground-water monitoring program
In 1979. However, funding is not available to implement the program. The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
has also established a drinking water quality database.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: In part, state funding
5.3. Ground-Water Resouroe Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface Impoundment Assessment Study and the
Underground Injection Control Program. Under the "sole source aquifer" program, the U.S. Geological Survey has
prepared detailed background documents on the Snake Plain and Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifers. Computer flow and
quality models have also been developed for the Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer. Previous 206 programs have consisted of
ground-water assessments for specific areas.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-632-
-------
STATll IDAHO
5.5. fawltaVCcBtrol of Dl*oharg*a to Oround Utter
Description: The Idaho Department of Water Resources la expected to aoon be delegated the underground Injection
Control Procram.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6* Septlo NanagaaMnt Program
Description: Enforcement under atate law la undated to local health districts. All aubsurfaoe septic tank
ayatema are paraltted, plans and eonatruotlon are reviewed. Ground-water monitoring required on large aoale
ayatema. Mew regulations will be developed in FI 1985.
FX 19B1 Funding: $35,000
Funding Source: 205(J)
5.7- Bulk Storage/Onderground Storage Tank PrograaB
Description: An assessment of the extent of ground-water contamination by underground storage tanks was conducted
In FTC 1984 by the Department of Health and Welfare. Regulations will aoon be under development.
FY 1984 Funding: $30,000
Funding Source: 205(J)
5.8. Oootaadoation Baaponae Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination investigations are conducted by the field offices of the Department of Health and
Welfare. Several ground-water contamination remedial action programs are In place. Some enforcement referrals
have been Initiated.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-633-
-------
STATE CBOOMD-WATBB PROGRAM SOMMARI
STATE : OREGON
1. NATURE
THE GROUND-VATBR RES001CE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coast Range
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Cascade Range
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Columbia Plateau
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconflned Aquifer(s)
The terrace deposits and
alluvial sands containing
fresh water are present
where rivers flowing out
of the Coast Range meet
the Pacific Ocean. Dune
and beach sands are
present along some coastal
sections and are most
prominent near the mouth
of the Columbia River
(Clatsop dunelands). The
sands are virtually the
only natural significant
reservoirs of fresh water
along the coast as the
older rocks are relatively
impermeable.
The Cascade Range extends
north to south and
borders the Coast Range.
The Cascade mountains are
formed of permeable
volcanic rocks and
readily absorb water from
rain and snow. The
mountain range acts as an
important recharge area
to rivers and aquifers
in both the Willamette
Valley to the west and the
Deschutes River basin to
the east.
Northeastern Oregon forms
part of the Columbia
Plateau, a region under-
lain by basaltic rocks
covering more than 50,000
square miles in Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho. The
rock unit consists largely
of layered basalt flows,
with some interbedded
sedimentary material.
Permeable zones,
openings, and fractures
in the basalt give it a
high transmissivity.
The ground-water discharge
from the basalt is
through numerous springs.
There are several inter-
montane basins, such as
Baker Valley, Burnt River
Valley, Grande Roade
Valley, and the Umatilla
River basin, where
ground-water development
has taken place.
Confined Aquifer(s)
(Continued)
-634-
-------
ami: OKBOOR
1. MATIRB Of TBB OBOOnMUTBB BB300BCB
1.1. Geologic and Bvdrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiaaivlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Percent of state cowed
by tola province (estimated)
Unoonfined Aquifer (s)
Confined Aquifer (s)
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Basin * Range Province
Physiographic Physiographic
Region/Province B: Regioo/Province P:
Vlllamtte Valley
The Basin and Range
Provinces are located on
the southeastern plateaus,
a region of Oregon
receiving the least
precipitation and recharge.
This region la underlain
mostly by volcanic rocks
of moderate permeability.
The principal aquifers are
alluvial sand and gravel
beds in the basin areas and
lava flows sand pyroclastic
rocks that overlie laper-
meable bedrock. Excessive
pumpage of ground water
has caused progressive
declines of the water
level in some areas.
The Willamette Valley is
part of a long, narrow
lowland, the Puget-
Vlllamette Trough, which
extends northward into
the state of Washington.
This basin Is filled with
sedimentary rocks of the
Coast Range and volcanic
rocks of the Cascade foot-
hills. These rocks extend
beneath the alluvial
deposits and appear in
places above the valley
floor. The bedrock floor
is irregular so that the
thickness of the alluvial
deposits varies from place
to place.
In the northern Willamette
Valley, the major aquifers
are the sand and gravel
deposits along the flood-
plain, and the Troutdale
Formation, a thick
sequence of mudstone,
sandstone, and
conglomerate.
-635-
-------
STATE: OBBGOH
1.2. Primary Oaes of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Qaage
Dae
Public Mater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
I of Total f Ground Hater
Ground Water of Total Hater
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
33*
800,000
-636-
-------
STATE: OBEGOI
2.1. Souroea (Check major sources of oontaart nation and rude top four
2 * next Boat serious, etc.)
— 1 • «oat serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 2
Municipal landfills X 3
On-slte Industrial X 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile X
Synthetic Xs
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aLow-level organic solvent contamination, possibly resulting from frequent use of septic tank cleaners (used in
cess-pools) in one area near Portland.
bln two areas: one probably due to septic tank drainage, and the other to agricultural activities.
°Bacteriological and nitrate problems exist in some localities, primarily in relatively shallow ground water.
Also, some cyanide detection.
-637-
-------
STUB: OBBOOV
3. SUTI GROUID-HATE1 NUUGBMUT STIOCTDBB
3.1. Stete Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute lame/Mo.
Oregon Statute 468.700
Oregon Statute 545.010
Oregon Statute 468.700
Oregon Statute 545.010
/
Oregon Statute 459
Oregon Statute 468.020
Oregon Statute 459.440
Oregon Statute 468.760
Description of authority Pertaining
to Ground-Vater Protection
This statute regulates general water
pollution control for all waters,
including ground water.
On-slte sewage disposal regulatory
program.
Same as above.
Solid waste disposal systems are
regulated through a permit program which
incorporates ground -water protection
measures .
Regulations have been developed pursuant
to this statute that are nearly identical
to the BCRA requirements. Land disposal
facilities are required to do routine
monitoring.
The Department of Environmental Quality
is directed to provide a spill response
program for petroleum and other
materials.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-633-
-------
STATE: OREGON
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Quality
3.2.2.3. Describe development process {Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.;:
Oregon ground-water policy will concentrate state regulatory efforts on major water table aquifers. The
Department of Environmental Quality will design an ambient monitoring program for the state. Haste disposal
affecting ground-water will be regulated using existing rules.
3.2.3« Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. if yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
The State Ground-Water Policy has set a priority to protect the water table aquifers as defined and
mapped through the surface impoundment assessment study.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3-2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-639-
-------
STATE: ORBGOH
3.3. State Agency Raapooalbllltiaa for Ground-Hater Protection
••aponaibla
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Quality
Department of
Geology and Mineral
Industries
Department of
Hater Resources
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Energy
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Hula/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
ROU
Xd
OIC*
X
p«b
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
SoU
Coosar**
ration
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-iciag
Other
Xc
Xf
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
kpWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
''interim authorization for Phase 1, Component A.
eWater rights, water quantity.
'Ceothermal wells.
-640-
-------
STATE: OBBOOH
3.4.
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cheek If
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agendas
A Memorandum of Understanding exists among agencies
participating in the Underground Injection Control Program.
3-5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer napping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface
Impoundment Assessment Study and the Underground Injection
Control Program. Previous 203 programs have consisted of
ground-water assessments for specific areas.
Site assessment done at selected high priority sites.
-641-
-------
STATE: OREGON
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring for organic solvents and other less standard
contaminants has been United.
Routine monitoring and reporting of results is required
of hazardous waste land disposal facilities.
Water levels in approximately 190 wells are measured
twice a year.
The state conducts some site specific ground-water
quality assessments.
Monitoring
Data
Gamputerized
(Check)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
uses
WATSTORE
Note: No regular water quality monitoring program.
3-7. State Programs for Public Participation
^^~~~~~~^_^^ Context
Approaches "^~"~-^-^.
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Mrtar Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X XX
X
X X X X
xb
aPublic participation is part of the annual state/EPA agreement process.
Ground-water brochure.
-642»
-------
STATE: OBBGOB
H. STATE IM>LEMKKATIOf Of FKDBUL PROGRAMS TO PIOTBCT GROOM) HATER
4.1. Program Status
federal
Pragma
Status of Program Delegation
State XaplaMDtlng Agency
Qnuaual/lotevortby
Program Characteristics
QIC
Not delegated; application
pending, late FY 1984
decision
Department of Environmental
Quality
Class V program; only one Class II
well.
RCRA
Interim authorization
for Phase Component A
Department of Environmental
Quality
PWS
Not delegated
Environmental Protection
Agency
No state efforts are targeted for
ground-water activities; EPA does
limited ground-water monitoring
for contamination of unregulated
contaminants such as organic sol-
vents and agricultural chemicals.
Pesticides
Enforcement1
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
aPeaticide enforcement focuses on the misuse of pesticides.
Involved pesticides.
Reported ground-water contamination cases have not
-643-
-------
STATE: ORBGOI
4.2. Grant SUtna
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Qround-ttatwr
ProJeota/Taaks and Budff«t;
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$888,000 Projects to protect ground-water quality or to benefit
development of a ground-water program.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$276,000 Approximately $18,000 will be directed towards ground-
water activities in FY 1985.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,105,000
None.
RCRA
Section 3011
$432,000;
potential for
additional $72,000
The main focus of the program is to consider ground
water in writing land disposal permits. Currently,
technical ground-water information is being generated
to supplement the permit writing process.a
$78,000
Will assess and resolve ground-water contamination
problems.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)O)b
$19.000 Certification and training.
$167,000 Pesticide enforcement.
aUsed FY 1984 funds.
^Oregon and the EPA have a funded agreement under which the state assumes primary enforcement of
regulations under FIFRA.
-644-
-------
STUB: OREGON
5. STATB-ORIGMATED GROUID-VATBR PROTECTIOB PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has developed a coordinated program that relies on existing permitting authorities. Hater
quality standards are under development. The state will place most emphasis on priority aquifers.
FY 1984 Funding: $25,000
Funding Source: (205(J)
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Hater levels In approximately 490 wells are measured twice a year. The state does site specific
ground-water quality assessments at priority sites.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Mater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface Impoundment Assessment Study and the
Underground Injection Control Program, while extensive studies of coastal salt water Intrusion have been conducted
by the U.S. Geological Survey. Previous 208 programs have assessed specific ground-water areas.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-645-
-------
STATE: OUGOI
5.5. Permits/Control of Diaohargea to (bound Hater
Description: The state is using its various permit authorities to regulate hazardous waste sites, solid waste
landfills, and other facilities that may discharge materials to ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*6. Septic Management Program
Description: On-site waste disposal permit system has ground-water protection as one of its primary goals.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: Permit fees
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9* Other: Three 208-funded projects have been adopted as state rules. These projects define activities
necessary to protect the following ground waters: LaPine, North Florence, and Clistsop Plains. A similar control
strategy has been developed separately for River Roads-Santa Clara.
-646-
-------
STATE CBOPlP-lfATBH PROGRAM 30IOaHT
STATE: HASHIMOTOS
1. NATURE Of THE GBOOHMUTBR BBS00BCB
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
CbaracteriBtics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Columbia Plateau
Physiographic
legion/Province B:
Coast Range Peninsula
PtayBiographic
Beglon/Prorlnce C:
Puget Sound Province
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Uaoonfined Aquifer(s)
The Columbia Plateau,
covering two-fifths of
the state, la divided by
mountain ridges and
entrenched river channels.
It is underlain by a
series of horizontal base-
line lava rocks consisting
of numerous flows with a
composite thickness of
over 10,000 feet in the
Hanford area. A
relatively thin layer of
loess, glacial draft, and
other sedimentary material
overlies much of the
plateau. The basalt rocks
form one of the nation's
most Important ground-
water reserves. Ground
water in the basalt is
found in permeable zones
such as fractures,
shrinkage openings,
joints, and interbedded
unconsolidated materials.
The waterbearing zones
exhibit marked differences
in thickness, permeability,
and areal extent. In some
places, sufficient volumes
of ground water can only
be obtained from wells 500
to 1,000 feet deep.
Perches and artesian
ground-water conditions
prevail in many areas.
This region extends from
the Olympic Peninsula in
the north to the Columbia
River in the south. The
mountain range la under-
lain by fine-grained
sedimentary rocks that
yield little water to
wells. Unconsolidated
glaciofluvial deposits
of sand and gravel along
the shoreline and major
streams are the principal
aquifers.
This province is an
extensive lowland area
bounded by the Coast Range
on the west and the
Cascade Range on the east.
Much of the lowland is
underlain by glacial and
alluvial deposits with a
combined thickness of
over 2,000 feet in places.
The permeable sand and
gravel beds form the princi
pal aquifers and are widely
tapped for public supplies,
industrial, irrigation,
and domestic use. Most of
the population and
industry in the state
reside in this lowland.
The recharge to the aquifer
systems is excellent due to
heavy precipitation and
runoff from the flanking
mountain ranges.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: The water resources of Washington are very large. The two principal mountain ranges in the western part
of the state intercept moisture flowing in from the Pacific and cause heavy precipitation and runoff to occur.
-647-
-------
3TATB: H&SBIIGTOM
1. MTORB Of THE GROOND-VATER RESOURCE
1.1.
Geologic vaA Bydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal obaraoteriatioa
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmission/, aquifer interoonneotlon, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province 0:
Lewis River Province
Physiographic
Reglon/Provlaoe B:
Northeast
Pbyalcgrephlo
•agloci/Pnovlaoe P:
Peroant of atate covered
by this province (estlamted)
Ubeonflned Aquifer (s)
This region includes the
southern portion of the
Puget Trough. The
principal aquifers are the
alluvial deposits in the
Columbia River floodplain
and the sand and gravel
beds of the Pleistocene and
recent ages along the
Cowlltz River, and on the
lowlands east and north of
the City of Vancouver.
These unconsolidated rocks
are underlain by Tertiary
and older volcanic and
sedimentary rocks.
This region Includes the
Columbia River drainage
basin of the Spokane
River, the Okanogan River
Basin, and the Spokane
Valley. The bedrock
consists mostly of
intrusive Igneous rocks
and some sedimentary,
atetamorphic, and volcanic
rocks. Except for some
water-bearing zones and
volcanic rocks, most of
the bedrock yields little
water to wells. Principal
aquifers are sands and
gravels in river valleys
and Intermontane basins.
In the Spokane Valley,
permeable outwash
deposits fill deep burled
valleys and constitute
a profile aquifer.
The ground water moves
through these outwash
deposits toward Spokane
from an extensive
recharge zone across the
border in Idaho.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-648-
-------
STATE: HA3HXIGT(M
1 >2« Primary Does of around Hater as Percent of Total Oaage
Oae
Public Mater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
&
22
5
11
1.3> Population Reliance oa Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
65S
2,600,000
-649-
-------
STATE: HASHIMOTO*
2.1. Sources (Cheek Major sources of
2 • next Boat serious, ate.)
ntaslnatlon and rank top four — 1 * lost serious.
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X 5
Municipal landfills X 1
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Disposal sites (more X 4
specific information
needed )
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Check Bank
* X T
X 2
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
X 6
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X
Road salting
Notes: Significant numbers of individual wells are located on relatively
shallow aquifers which are vulnerable to contaminating land surface
activities.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
X
Xs
X
X
X
X
— *
X
X
X
xc
Relatively serious contamination by organic solvents has occurred in municipal and private wells in and around at
least two large urban areas.
bSulfates.
C0il, gas, bacteria, wood waste leachate, and landfill leachate.
-650-
-------
8TATK: KaSHXIOTM
3. 8T1TI OlOtnro-MATBl NalAOEMEMT 5T10CTOTK
3.1. StoU Statute* Pertaining to Qramd-lhter Quality and Pollution Control
Subjeot Monitored by Statute
Statute lame/Bo.
Description of Authority Partalaiog
to Qround-lfetUr Protection
General water pollution
control
RCW 90.16, RCW 90.54, HCH 90.52
These statutes regulate general water
pollution control, and are administered by
the Department of Ecology and the
Department of Social and Health Services.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid mate
RCW 70.95
Solid Haste Management Act
Relates to the development of solid
waste handling regulations which includes
provisions for leachate control and
ground-water protection.
Hazardous waste
RCW 70.105
Hazardous Haste Disposal Act
The regulations developed pursuant to
this statute are nearly identical to the
Federal RCRA regulations and place major
emphasis on ground-water protection
through permitting and compliance
monitoring.
Mining
RCW 90.48
Very general authority but specifically
related to mining.
Oil and gas
RCW 90.48.315, (.320), (.325),
(.330), (.335), (.336), (.338)
RCW 78.52
Oil and Gas Conservation Act
This law prohibits oil discharges entering
the waters without state authorization
(permit) and holds negligent person(s)
strictly liable.
This law primarily administered by the
Department of Natural Resources.
Other (specify):
RCW 43.20, 43.21A, 42.21C, 70.05
RCW 70.116
Public Hater Systems Coordination Act
These statutes create Boards of Health,
the Department of Social and Health
Services, the Department of Ecology,
and the State Environmental Policy Act,
all with broad powers of health and
environmental protection.
Comprehensive planning can be required
to establish controls if water quality
is deemed inadequate.
Notes:
-651-
-------
STATE: IttSKMGTMl
3.2.
3.2.1. SUtua
Foliojr
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
Xa
X
*The existing generally worded non-degradation policy is considered impractical and open to interpretation as to
its Intent. The state is working on refinements to better describe a practical approach to the policy statement.
-652-
-------
STATE: VASHIIGTOI
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? tes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering ooanlttee: Department of Ecology — Task Force will be established
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Washington is working towards completing a State Ground-Water Quality Management Strategy which calls
for: 1) assessing ground water in the state; 2) Identifying management and program capabilities and options; and
3) allowing for interagency and public reviews. A strategy document is scheduled for completion in September
1986. An Implementation plan will be Included in the strategy.
Washington also Implemented the Spokane 208 project which is designed to protect the Spokane Valley
Aquifer, a sole source aquifer designated under Section I424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Xa
Xb
xb
aA generally worded non-degradation policy is considered unworkable and limited degradation is likely in the near
future.
bOn the horizon. See note "a."
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes _
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The state has authority to develop a classification system, but a system is not yet In place.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3*2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-653-
-------
STATE: VASHIICTOV
3.3. State Agency Rwpoaalblllties for Ground-Mater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Departaent of
Ecology4
Department of
Social and Health
Services
Department of
Natural Resources
Departaent of
Agriculture
uses
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Jfi
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
1
1
PMSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
xh
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
X
X
Soil
Conser—
ration
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-iolag
X«
Other
Xf
8UIC = Underground Injection Control.
°PHS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dManages Super fund.
eLittle is done.
f
'Water rights, water quantity.
^Secondary responsibility.
^Working under cooperative agreement with state.
-654-
-------
STATE: HASHIMOTO*
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreeaeota
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground -water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cheek if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Washington and Idaho are cooperating to protect the Spokane/
Rathdrum Aquifer which flows from Idaho to Washington. Local
and state agreements on this aquifer also exist.
A Memorandum of Understanding has been established between state
agencies Involved in underground injection control activities.
Agreements with USGS on specific studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Actlrity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface
Impoundment Assessment Study, the Underground Injection
Control program, and previous 208 programs. The U.S. Geological
Survey has prepared detailed studies on Camano and Whidbey
Islands, and a background document on the Spokane/Rathdrum
Aquifer. Water supply bulletins have been issued by USGS and
the Department of Ecology for each of the 21 principal ground-
water regions.
Ambient ground-water quality
An ambient drinking water quality monitoring program is
conducted by the Department of Social and Health Services.
This information is shared with the Department of Ecology.
The USGS has developed water flow and quality models of the
Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer. Water quality sampling was
conducted in conjunction with the USGS, but only once.
USGS also conducted a five-year 500 sample survey analyzing
for a variety of parameters.
Assessment at waste sites
Site specific assessments conducted through RCRA and Superfund
programs.
Other (specify):
A detailed geohydrologic study of the Closer Creek/Chambers
Creek Aquifer (Pierce County) is near completion.
-655-
-------
STATE: MASBIIGTON
3.6. atate Oround-tlater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hasardoua
waste aites
Hazardous wute aitea
Salt water
Peatioides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Limited landfill monitoring required by local health
departments which write permits for such sites.
The atate regulations for hazardous waste are nearly
identical to RCRA regulations and require routine
ground -water monitoring at hazardous waate land
disposal facilities.
Limited to a few areas.
A special monitoring program waa conducted on
aelected wells for EDB contamination.
USCS monitors 150 project wells on an irregular
basis for limited Inorganic constituents. The
Department of Social and Health Services conducts
monitoring routinely on drinking water supplies.
The atate periodically monitors water level
measurements in approximately 800 wells, moat
located in eastern Washington.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
Note: Very little activity has been reported in the area of water quality monitoring.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
--- Context
Approaches ^~^^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground -
**«• Permit
Xaauea Zaauanoe
X X
X X
X X
Begulation
Adoption,
Changes
X
X
X
X
Specific
Qround<>
Hater
Strategy Other
X
X
X*
X
Xb
'This is being established.
background document.
-656-
-------
STATE: HASHIMOTO!
4. STATS ZMPLSMEmTATIOft- OP PKDIBAL P100BAHS TO PIOTBCT OBOUMD HAT8B
4.1. Prograa Status
Federal
autua of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Gtauaual/loteworthy
Characteristics
QIC
Delegated
Department of Ecology
Class V Prograaj only one Class 1
veil.
RCRA
Partially delegated
Department of Ecology
Interia authorization for Phase I
and Phase II, Part A and B.
PHS
Delegated
Department of Social
and Health Services
Operates one of the more progres-
sive drinking water programs in
the nation.
Pesticides
Enforcement*
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
L
•Pesticide enforcement focuses on the misuse of pesticides. The state in the TV 1965 state/EPA ureement oit«d
-657-
-------
STATE: HASHIIGTON
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
1985 Allocution
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget8
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$1,160,000 0.20 FTE — Ground-Water Strategy
0.45 FTE — Waste Discharge Permit
0.20 FTE ~ OIC
0.20 FTE — Incident Investigation
dean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$1425,000 $33,000 — Ground-Water Strategy
$100,000 — Contracts to local government for
specific projects
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,702,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$518,000;
potential for
additional $86,000
The main focus of the program is to consider ground
water in writing land disposal permits. Currently,
technical ground-water information is being generated
to supplement the permit writing process.
U1C
$113,700 These funds will be used to assess and resolve ground-
water contamination problems and resolve ground-water
contamination problems for Class V injection wells and
training.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)b
$1*4,000 Certification and training.
$185,000 Pesticide enforcement.
aFor state's fiscal year covering July 1, 1961 to June 30, 1985.
bThe State of Washington and the EPA have a funded agreement under which the state has assumed primary
enforcement responsibility for FIFRA regulations.
-658-
-------
BTATB: WASHIIOTOf
5. 8TATB-OBIGHATKD GROUID-WATKR PBOTBCTZOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-itater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Washington is working on a State Ground-Water Quality Management Strategy. This plan calls for
assessing (round water in the state and Identifying management and program capabilities and options, as well as
allowing interagency and public review. The strategy is scheduled for completion in September 1986. An
implementation plan will be included.
FY 1984 Funding: $50,000
Funding Source: 205(J), 106
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring is conducted to measure water levels in about 600 wells; most are located in
•astern Washington. The USGS does Irregular monitoring for Inorganic constituents. The Department of Social and
Health Services conducts monitoring routinely on drinking water supplies. A special monitoring program was
recently contracted for EDB contamination.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: State and local sources primarily
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface Impoundment Assessment Study and the
Underground Injection Control Program. Under the "sole source aquifer" program, the U.S. Geological Survey has
prepared a detailed background document on the Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer, as well as flow and quality models. The
USGS has also prepared detailed studies on Camano and Whidbey Islands. Previous 206 programs have consisted of
ground-water assessments for specific areas. There have been 16 special investigations conducted by the
Department of Ecology in conjunction with USGS, the majority of which relate to ground-water quality.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State general fund
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
Notes: The Department of Ecology has funded approximately seven FTE's in their Water Quality Division and two
FTE's in their Water Resources Division to deal with ground-water Issues. Funding is from the state general fund
and Referendum 20 funds. In addition, a great deal of the construction grant funds have been spent in Spokane and
Pieroe counties for projects whose primary purpose is ground-water protection.
-659-
-------
STATE: HaSHMGTOB
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Oround Hater
Description: State Waste Discharge Permit System. This is a permit system for controlling a variety of sources
not covered by NPDES, 1 FTE. Solid Waste Permits are also Issued by local health departments which contain
provisions for ground-water protection, 6 FTE's.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The local health departments administer this program with the Department of Geology reviewing large
on-site systems.
FT 1964 Funding: 100 FTE's in local health departments and the Department of Social and Bnalth Services
6 FTE's in the Department of Ecology
Funding Source: Fees for services
State general fund
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Spill incident investigations other than oil and hazardous materials.
FY 1984 Funding: 1.5 FTE
Funding Source: State general fund and 106
5.9. Other: The Spokane 208 project Is designed to protect the Spokane Valley Aquifer, a sole source aquifer
designated under Section l424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
-660-
-------
APPENDIX A
SUMMARY TABLES ON GROUND-WATER USE AND QUALITY
-------
TABLE A-1
PERCENTAGES OF PEOPLE RELYING ON GROUND WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE
States
Percent of
State
Population
Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Mississippi,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico Over 90
South Dakota 80-89
Delaware, Iowa, Maine 70-79
Alaska, Indiana, Kansas, South Carolina,
Washington, Wisconsin, Utah 60-69
Arkansas, California, Illinois, Louisiana,
Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire,
North Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont,
West Virginia, Wyoming 50-59
Georgia, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Virginia 40-^9
Alabama, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Missouri,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon 30-39
Colorado, Kentucky, Rhode Island 20-29
Maryland, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Under 20
Note: For the purposes of this report, Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands are treated as states in this table and all
following tables. The information for these tables has
been developed from Volume II of this report.
A-1
-------
TABLE A-2
USE OF GROUND WATER FOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITES
States
Percent of
Ground Water
Used for
Agricultural
Activities
Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska Over 90
Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas,
Wyoming 80-89
Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada,
Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah 50-79
Florida, Montana, North Dakota 40-49
Georgia, Indiana, Minnesota, Puerto Rico 30-39
Illinois, Missouri 20-29
Delaware, Maine, Vermont, Wisconsin 10-19
Alabama, Alaska, Connecticut, Iowa, Kentucky,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,
West Virginia Under 10
Note: Information available on forty-five states.
A-2
-------
TABLE A-3
USE OF GROUND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
States
Percent of
Ground Water
Used for
Industrial
Activities
Kentucky, West Virginia Over 50
Maine, Tennessee 40-49
Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island 30-39
Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana,
Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, Puerto Rico, South Carolina,
Virginia 20-89
Alabama, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota,
Montana, Vermont, Wisconsin 10-19
Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado,
Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas,
Utah, Wyoming Under 10
Note: Information available on forty-five states.
A-3
-------
UBU! A-< — MAJOR TYPES OF CBOUHD-WATER CONTAMINATION
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Organic
Volatile
X
Chemicals
Synthetic
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
33
30
Inorganic Chemicals
Nitrates
X
Fluorides Arsenic Brine/Salt Other
X« X
X*
x«
X
x"
X
x»
XXX
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x"
XX X
X X°'d
X
X"
X
X
Xa X X*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
xb
X X Xc
X
X* X® X* X*
X
X
X
X X X X
X° X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X X X*1
X
X
3"
16 15 28 10
(Continued)
A-4
-------
TABU «-« (ContimMd)
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Metals
X
Radioactive
Materials Pesticides
X X
Other
1
X
X
X
X"
X
3
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
1
x«
X
x« x
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
X
x»
X
II
2
X
X
X
X X
X
X
1
1
2
1
X
1
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
2
X
X
X
X X
1
X
X
X X
1,2
X X
1
28
13 25
18
"Natural mineral deposits.
Agricultural activities.
eSulfates.
dChlorldes (other than salt water).
KEY: 1 i bacteria; 2 = petroleum products; 3 > sodium; and 4 > aolda.
A-5
-------
TABLE A-S ~ MAJOfl SOURCES OF GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vernont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Septic
Tanks
X
X
X
X
Municipal
Landfills
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
On-Site*
Industrial
Landfills
X
X
X
X
X
X
Other
Landfills
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sur faceb
Impoundments
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil and Gas
Brine Pits
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
36
31
30
20
36
X
21
^Excluding surface pits, lagoons, surface Impoundments.
Excluding oil and gas brine pits.
(Continued)
A-6
-------
TABLE A-5 (Continued)
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Haryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Underground
Storage Tanks
X
Injection
Wells
X
Abandoned
Hazardous
Waste Sites
X
Regulated
Hazardous Salt-Water
Waste Sites Intrusion
X X
Land
Application/
Treatment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
41
18
25
15 19
7
(Continued)
A-7
-------
TABLE A-5 (Continued)
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Highway
Agricultural De-icing
X
X
Other*
8
8
7
X
X
X X
7
1,8
7,8
X
X
6
X
X
X
X
2,7.8
8
X
1,5,7
4
X
1,2,8
X X
X X
X X
X X
7,8
X X
X
2,3,4,7
1,7
X
8
4
X
X X
X
X
1,2,4,8
1,5
7
7
5
X
8
3,6
X
1,8
X
6,8
X X
X
X
X
X
3,6
2,4
2,8
1,5
X X
8
X
8
1,1
X
1,7
1,5
33 11
35
Excluding surface pits, lagoons, surface impoundments.
KEY: 1 = abandoned wells; 2 - Inadequately constructed wells; 3 -
improperly plugged wells; 4 2 Dining activities; 5 = oil and gas
activities; 6 = petroleum product storage; 7 = accidental spills
and leaks; and 8 = miscellaneous.
A-8
-------
TABLE _A_-6
S7ATL GROUND-WATER POLICY - CURRENT STATUS OF POLICt DEVELOPMENT
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New rork
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Existing Policy
Specific State for Protecting
Statutes for Ground-Water
Ground Water Quality
Policy under
Development
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
12 27
28
A-9
-------
TABLE A-7
STATE GROUND-WATER POLIClf: CHARACTERISTICS OF POLICIES DEVELOPED
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexloo
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Limited
Nondegradatlon Degradation
Differential
Protection
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X 1
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
16 17
X
12
A-10
-------
TABLE A-8
EXISTING AND PROPOSED GROUND-WATER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
States
Number
of
Classes
Criteria for Classification
Callforniaa
Connecticut
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Iowa
Kansas
Maine
Maryland
3
Massachusetts
Montana
New Jersey
2
2
4
5
3
2
3
3
Based on use quality, land use, and flow
system.
Highest protection for "single source" and
potable aquifers.
Fresh water and saline water.
Special-resource water — protection against
degradation, unless social or economic factors
override; potable-water supplies — protection
as drinking water without treatment.
Domestic use, limited use, or general non-
domestic use or limited use.
Based on vulnerability to contamination by
considering hydrogeologic characteristics.
Fresh; usable; and brine water.
Suitable for drinking-water supplies; suitable
for everything else.
Drinking-water quality; saline; below
drinking-water quality.
Based on present and potential beneficial
uses.
Total dissolved solids.
(Continued)
Information regarding number of classes and/or criteria for
classification not available.
A-ll
-------
TABLE A-8 (Continued)
States
Number
of
Classes
Criteria for Classification
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Oklahoma3
Texasa
Vermont
Virgin Islands
West Virginia21
Wyoming
Full protection of ground water with less than
10,000 mg/1 IDS; ground water with more than
10,000 mg/1 IDS not covered by standards.
Fresh ground water; saline ground water;
saline ground water with chloride concentra-
tions in excess of 1,000 mg/1 or IDS greater
than 2,000 mg/1.
Fresh ground water used as the primary source
of drinking water (GA); brackish waters at
depths greater than 20 feet below the land
surface that recharge surface and ground water
(GSA); fresh water at depths less than 20 feet
that recharge surface and ground water (GB);
brackish waters at less than 20 feet (GSB);
contaminated water technically or economically
infeasible for upgrading to a higher class
(GC).
Beneficial uses have been designated for 21
ground-water basins and formations, but
standards being developed for each beneficial
use.
Ground waters that supply or could supply
community water.
Ranked categories of use.
Domestic; agricultural; livestock; aquatic
life; industry; hydrocarbon and mineral
deposits; unsuitable for any use.
Information regarding number of classes and criteria for
classification not available.
A-12
-------
TABLE A-9
SAMPLE OF STATE GROUND-WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
States
Range of Contaminants
Covered by Standards
Alaska
Arizona
Connecticut
California
Florida
Idaho
Kansas
Maryland
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Oklahoma
Utah
Vermont
Wyoming
13 contaminants.
Any contaminant that would interfere with current or
future uses of ground water.
EPA drinking-water standards; includes taste, odor, and
color.
Inorganic salts.
Primary and secondary drinking-water constituents, MCLs
for 8 other organics, and natural background levels for
other constituents.
Primary and secondary drinking-water standards.a
Federal drinking-water standards, inorganic chemicals.
Federal drinking-water standards.
National primary and secondary drinking-water
standards.
All drinking-water parameters and all substances
deleterious to beneficial uses.
Federal primary drinking-water standards and most of
the secondary drinking-water standards.
Nutrients, metals, and organics.
35 numerical standards, plus a generic "toxic
pollutant" standard defining acceptable levels of
protection for human and animal health.
83 contaminants.
19 contaminants.
Primary standards, including 10 inorganic chemicals and
5 radiological contaminants and secondary standards.
Regulations from Safe Drinking Water Act.
Less stringent than federal drinking-water standards.
Maximum 26 contaminants, depending on class, pH, and
TDS.
aTo be adopted in FY 1985.
A-13
-------
TABLE A-10
STATE AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR GROUND-WATER PROTECTION ACTIVITIES
Activities
Number of
State
Agencies
Involved
Aquifer Mapping
Department of Natural Resources
State Geological Survey
Water Resources/Supply
Department of Health
State Department of Environmental Protection
Geology/Hydrology
Minerals/Mining
Department of Conservation
Miscellaneous
Ground-Water Quality Monitoring
Department of Health
Department of Natural Resources
State Department of Environmental Protection
Water Resources/Supply
Department of Conservation
Minerals/Mining
Miscellaneous
Ground-Water Policies/Rules/Standards
Department of Natural Resources
Department of Health
Water Resources/Supply
State Department of Environmental Protection
Pollution Control Commission
Miscellaneous
De-icing
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection
Department of Natural Resources
Department of Health
State Geological Survey
20
15
13
10
8
2
2
2
_1
73
18
13
10
9
5
3
_7
65
12
12
9
10
3
IP-
56
7
3
3
1
__]_
15
A-14
-------
TABLE *-" — STATUS OF OHOUNP-WATEB RESOURCE ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
Vest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Ground-Water
Resource
Assessment
Assessment
at Waste Sites
Other
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Xs
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
51
X
X
31
16
'USGS has plans to conduct aquifer mappings In the Virgin Islands.
A-15
-------
TABLEA-12 — 8TATE QBOUND-WATER MONITOHINQ PROGRAMS
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Mew Hampshire
New Jersey
Haw Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Nonhazardous
Waste Sites
X
Hazardous
Waste Sites
x«
Salt-Water
Intrusion '
X
Pestloldea
Ambient
Monltorliu
X
Other
X
1C
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x«
xa
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x«
X
X*
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
*•
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
xa
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x">
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
32
X
X
X
X
3B
X
X
12
X
X
25
X
X
X
X
MO
X
X
X
X
06
•Follow RCRA guidelines.
''Program under development.
A-16
-------
TABLE *-U — DITERACENCTf AGREEMENTS
States
Alabama
Uaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
Hew Jersey
New Mexico
Hew York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
Vest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Protection Policy and
of Specific Strategy
Aquifers Development
Ground -Water
Discharges
Underground Ground-Water
Injection Contamination Geological
Control Incidents Survey
X X
Other
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
XXX
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X8 X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x»
X X
X X
8 Z\
X
9
X X
X
19 16 25
X
30
Interstate agreement between Idaho and Washington.
A-17
-------
TABLE A-m
STATE AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR FEDERAL PROGRAMS8
Number of
Responsible Agency States
CWA
Department of Environmental Management E>2
RCRA
Department of Health 16
Department of Natural Resources 15
State Department of Environmental Protection 13
Water Resources/Permits 3
Pollution Control 2
Hazardous Waste Management __1^
50
UIC
Department of Natural Resources 16
State Department of Environmental Protection 12
Oil & Gas Conservation Commission 11
Department of Health 6
Water Resources/Supply/Permits __5
50
PWS
Department of Health 30
State Department of Environmental Protection 8
Department of Natural Resources 8
Water Supply/Potable Water ^2;
48
FIFRA
Department of Agriculture 41
State Department of Environmental Protection 6
Department of Natural Resources _j_
50
(Continued)
aln some oases, responsibility is shared by more than one
agency.
A-18
-------
TABLE A-14 (Continued)
Number of
Responsible Agency States
Soil Conservation
Department of Agriculture 7
Soil/Water Conservation Commission 7
Department of Natural Resources 5
State Lands/Land Resources 3
State Department of Environmental Protection 2
Minerals/Mining 2
State Geological Survey ___]_
27
Mining
Department of Natural Resources 13
State Department of Environmental Protection 8
Minerals/Mining 8
State Geological Survey/Geologist 4
Land Resources/Soil Conservation 3
Water Allocation/Permits 3
Miscellaneous 4
A-19
-------
APPENDIX B
EPA Regional Ground-Water
Representatives
-------
EPA Regional Ground-Water
Representatives
Region I
Carol Wood
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
JFK Federal Building, Room 2113
Boston, MA 02203
(8)223-6486; (617) 223-6486
Region VI
Eloy Lozano
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
1201 Elm Street, (60 CL)
Dallas, TX 75270
(8)729-9984; (214) 767-2605
Region II
William Pedicino
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
26 Federal Plaza, Room 805
New York, NY 10278
(8)264-5635; (212) 264-1148
Region VII
Timothy Amsden
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
324 E. 11th St.
Kansas City, MO 64106
(8)757-2815; (214) 236-2815
Region III
Thomas Merski
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
Curtis Building
6th S Walnut Sts.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
(8)597-2786; (215) 597-2786
Region VIII
Richard Long
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
1860 Lincoln St., 8W
Denver, CO 80295
(8)564-1445; (303) 293-1445
Region IV
Stallings Howell
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
345 Courtland St., N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(8)257-3781; (404) 881-3781
Region IX
James Thompson
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
215 Fremont St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(8)454-8095; (415) 974-8093
Region V
Robert Hilton
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
230 S. Dearborn St.
Chicago, IL 61604
(8)886-1490; (312) 886-1490
Region X
William Mullen
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
1200 6th Avenue, M/S 437
Seattle, WA 98101
(8)399-1216; (206) 442-1216
B-1
-------
APPENDIX C
State Contacts
-------
State Contacts in Region I
Connecticut
Robert Smith
Assistant Director
Water Compliance Unit
Department of Environmental
Protection
122 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06115
(203)566-2588
Maine
Gary S. Westerman
Management Planning
Division
Department of Environ-
mental Protection
State House, Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
(207)289-2811
Massachusetts
David Terry
Director
Water Supply Planning and
Development
Department of Environmental
Quality Engineering
One Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
(617)292-5529
New Hampshire
David Scott
Acting Director
Office of State Planning
2 1/2 Beacon Street
Concord, NH 03301
(603)271-2155
Rhode Island
Michael Annarummo
Supervisor
Permits and Planning Section
Division of Water Resources
Department of Environmental
Management
75 Davis Street, Health Bldg.
Providence, RI 02908
(401)277-2234
Vermont
David Butterfield
Chief
Ground-Water Management
Section
Water Quality Division
Department of Water
Resources and Environ-
mental Engineering
State Office Building
Montpelier, VT 05602
(802)828-2761
C-l
-------
State Contacts in Region II
New Jersey
John Gaston
Director
Division of Water
Resources
Department of Environ-
mental Protection
CN029
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609)292-1638
New York
Dan Barolo
Director
Ground-Water Division
Department of Environ-
mental Conservation
50 Wolfe Road
Albany, NY 12233
(518)457-6674
Puerto Rico
Carl-Ixel P. Soderberg
Environmental Water Quality
Board
P.O. Box 11488
San Turce, Puerto Rico 00910
(809)725-0717
Virgin Islands
Angel Lebron
Commissioner
Department of Conservation
& Cultural Affairs
P.O. Box 4399
Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas
Virgin Islands V100801
(809)774-3320
C-2
-------
State Contacts in Region III
West Virginia
Marc Nelson
Hazardous Waste Branch
Division of Water Resources
1201 Greenbrier Street
Charleston, WV 25311
(304)348-5935
Virginia
P.J. Smith
Divison of Enforcement
& Environmental Research
Water Control Board
2111 Hamilton Street
Richmond, VA 23230
(804)257-0072
Maryland
Rick Collins
Program Development Division
Office of Environmental Programs
201 W. Preston Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
(301)383-5740
Delaware
Michael Apgar
Chief
Water Supply Branch
Division of Environmental
Control
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
(302)736-5743
Pennsylvania
John 0. Osgood
Bureau of Water Quality
Management
Department of Environmental
Resources
P.O. Box 2063
Harrisburg, PA 17120
(717)783-3638
C-3
-------
State Contacts In Region IV
Alabama
John Poole
Chief
Ground-Water Section
Department of Environmental
Management
1751 Federal Drive
Montgomery, AL 36130
(205)271-7832
Florida
Dr. Rodney DeHan
Administrator
Ground-Water Section
Department of Environmental
Regulation
Twin Towers Office Bldg.
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, PL 32301
(904)488-3601
Georgia
Harold Reheis
Assistant Director
Environmental Protection
Division
Department of Natural
Resources
270 Washington St., S.W.
Room 825
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404)656-4713
Kentucky
Karen Arras trong-Cutmnings
Assistant to the Commissioner
Department for Environmental
Protection
Fort Boone Plaza
18 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502)564-3035
Mississippi
William A. Barnett
Coordinator
Ground-Water Protection
Program
Department of Natural
Resources
P.O. Box 10385
Jackson, MS 39209
(601)961-5171
North Carolina
Perry Nelson
Chief
Ground-Water Section
Department of Natural
Resources Community
Development
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919)733-5083
C-4
-------
State Contacts in Region IV (cont'd)
South Carolina
Don Duncan
Director
Ground-Water Protection
Division
Environmental Quality Control
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(317)758-5213
Tennessee
Don Rima
Coordinator
Ground-Water Program
Division of Water
Management
Department of Health
& Environment
T.E.R.R.A. Bldg., 7th Floor
150 Nineth Avenue, North
Nashville, TN 37219-5404
(615)741-0690
C-5
-------
State Contacts in Region V
Indiana
Robert Carter
Coordinator
Environmental Programs
Indiana State Board of
Health
1330 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, IN 42606
(317)633-8467
Illinois
Robert Clarke
Manager
Ground-Water Section
Division of Public: Water
Supplies
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62706
(217)782-9470
Michigan
Richard Johns
Director
Ground-Water Quality
Division
Michigan Department of
Natural Resources
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48989
(517)373-1947
Minnesota
John Hoick
Chief
Ground-Water Unit: Program
Development Section
Division of Solid &
Hazardous Waste
Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency
1935 W. County Road B-2
Roseville, MN 55113
(612)296-7787
Ohio
Russ Stein
Chief
Ground-Water Section
Water Quality Monitoring
& Assessment Division
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
361 E. Broad Street
Columbus, OH 43216
(614)466-9092
Wisconsin
Kevin Kessler
Chief
Ground-Water Management
Section
Bureau of Water Resources
Management
Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
(608)267-9350
C-6
-------
State Contacts in Region VI
Arkansas
Ralph H. Desmarais
Planning Specialist
Arkansas Department of
Pollution Control &
Ecology
P.O. Box 9583
Little Rock, fR 72209
(501)562-7444
Louisiana
Tatricia L. Norton
Secretary
Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 44066
Baton Rouge, LA 70804
(504)342-1265
New Mexico
Maxine Goad
Program Manager
Ground-Water Section
Groundwater & Hazardous
Waste Bureau
New Mexico Environmental
Improvement Division
P.O. Box 968
Santa Fe, NM 87504-0968
(505)984-0020
Oklahoma
David Harkness
Assistant Director
Oklahoma Department of
Pollution Control
P.O. Box 53504
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
(405)271-4677
Texas
Henry Alvarez
Chief
Data Collection &
Evaluation Section
Texas Dept. of Water
Resources
P.O. Box 13087, Capitol
Station
Austin, TX 78711
(512)475-3681
C-7
-------
State Contacts in Region VII
Iowa
Richard Kelley
Environmental Specialist
Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management
Henry A. Wallace State Office
Building
900 E. Grand
Des Moines, 10 50319
(515)281-3783
Kansas
James A. Power, Jr,
Environmental Engineer
Bureau of Water Protection
Kansas Department of
Health & Environment
Bldg. 740, Forbes Field
Topeka, KS 66620
(913)862-9360, ext. 235
Missouri
Jerry Vineyard
Assistant State Geologist
Division of Geology and
Land Survey
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources
P.O. Box 250
Rolla, MO 65401
(314)364-1752
Nebraska
U. Gale Mutton
Acting Chief
Program Plans Section
Water & Waste Management
Division
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control
P.O. Box 94877, State
House Station
Lincoln, NB 68509
(402)471-2186
C-8
-------
State Contacts in Region VIII
Colorado
Mary Gearhart
Public Health Engineer
Colorado Department of
Health
4210 East llth Avenue
Denver, CO 80220
(303)320-8333
Montana
Fred Schewman
Supervisor
Water Quality Bureau
Department of Health &
Environmental Sciences
Cogswell Building
Helena, MT 59601
(406)444-2406
North Dakota
Rick Nelson
Environmental Engineer
Water Supply & Pollution
Control
State Department of Health
Bismarck, ND 58501
(701)224-2372
South Dakota
Steve Pirner
Director
Office of Water Quality
Department of Water &
Natural Resources
Pierre, SD 57501
(605)773-4523
Utah
Jay Pitkin
Deputy Director
Bureau of Water Pollution
Control
Department of Health
P.O. Box 45500
Salt Lake City, UT 84145-0500
(801)533-6146
Wyoming
Anthony J. Mancinl
Ground-Water Control
Supervisor
Department of Environmental
Quality
122 W. 25th
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307)777-7938
C-9
-------
State Contacts in Region IX
Arizona
Phil Briggs
Deputy Director
Engineering
Department of Water Resources
99 E. Virginia Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85004
(602)255-1554
Jack Bale
Arizona Division of
Environmental Health
Services
2005 N. Central
Phoenix, AZ 85004
(602)257-2291
California
Fran Anderson
State Water Resources
Control Board
P.O. Box 100
Sacramento, CA 95801
(916)322-4562
Hawaii
Brian Choy
Environmental Planner
State Department of Health
P.O. Box 3378
Honolulu, HW 96801
(808)548-6767
Nevada
Wendell McCurry
Water Quality Officer
Division of Environmental
Protection
201 South Fall St.
Carson City, NV
(702)885-4670
C-10
-------
State Contacts in Region X
Alaska
Dan Easton
Environmental Engineer
Alaska Department of
Environmental Conservation
Pouch 0
Juneau, AK 99811
(907)465-2653
Oregon
Neil Mullane
Contract Administrator
Oregon Department of Environ-
mental Quality
P.O. Box 1760
Portland, OR 97207
(503)229-6065
Idaho
Gary Shook
Senior Water Quality
Analyst
Idaho Department of Health
& Welfare
Division of the Environment
450 West State Street
Boise, ID 83720
(208)334-4251
Washington
Tony Barret
Program Manager
Ground-Water Protection
Program
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mail Stop PV-11
Olympia, WA 98504
(206)459-6072
------- |