440685003
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STATE GROUND-WATER
PROGRAM SUMMARIES
VOLUME II
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Office of Ground-Water Protection
Washington, D.C. 20460
March 1985
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5, library (PL-12J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60604-3590
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was compiled by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), Office of Ground-Water Protection, in Washington, D.C., and the
Ground-Water Offices of the ten EPA Regions. Steve Page of the Office
of Ground-Water Protection coordinated this project. It was reviewed by
state officials. EPA appreciates the assistance provided by the states
in this effort. Technical support was provided by Policy Planning &
Evaluation, Inc., located at 8301 Greensboro Drive, Suite 460, McLean,
Virginia 22102.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Introduction i
Region I
Connecticut 1
Maine 13
Massachusetts .............................................. 26
New Hampshire 39
Rhode Island 51
Vermont 63
Region II
New Jersey 75
New York 88
Puerto Rico 104
Virgin Islands 117
Region III
Delaware 129
Maryland 141
Pennsylvania 153
Virginia 165
West Virginia 178
Region IV
Alabama 190
Florida 203
Georgia 217
Kentucky 230
Mississippi 242
North Carolina 254
South Carolina 266
Tennessee 278
Region V
Illinois 291
Indiana 303
Michigan 315
Minnesota 327
Ohio 340
Wisconsin 352
Region VI
Arkansas 364
Louisiana 378
New Mexico 393
Oklahoma 407
Texas 419
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Page No.
Region VII
Iowa 435
Kansas 448
Missouri 460
Nebraska 473
Region VIII
Colorado 485
Montana 497
North Dakota 509
South Dakota 521
Utah 533
Wyoming 545
Region IX
Arizona 557
California 569
Hawaii 583
Nevada 595
Region X
Alaska 608
Idaho 621
Oregon 634
Washington 647
Appendix A: Summary Tables on Ground-Water Use and Quality ... A-1
Appendix B: EPA Regional Ground-Water Representatives B-1
Appendix C: State Contacts C-1
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INTRODUCTION
In the last decade, ground-water contamination has emerged as a
major problem throughout the country. State and local agencies, which
have the primary responsibility for protecting ground water, are in
various stages of developing and implementing policies, statutes, and
strategies to meet their particular needs.
In August 198U, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released
the EPA Ground-Water Protection Strategy. Among other things, the
strategy commits EPA to assisting states in building the institutional
capability they need to protect their ground water. This report is part
of that effort. It presents information EPA compiled from available
sources on the basic elements of ground-water programs and activities in
the fifty states and selected territories. It is not a comprehensive
summary of all state ground-water programs.
EPA will use this report for program development purposes. In
addition, EPA will make it available to the states to help them exchange
information and ideas on approaches for addressing common ground-water
problems.
State officials have reviewed this report for accuracy. However,
some of its information may differ from information in other sources.
In certain cases, this is because information was not readily available
and thus could not be provided in time for this report. Also, this
report was prepared before EPA awarded $7 million to the states and
territories for identifying ground-water problems in their jurisdictions
and for developing and implementing ground-water protection strategies
and programs. EPA intends to update this information periodically using
information from the state ground-water grants and other source-*.
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This report is divided into two volumes. Volume I first discusses
the uses and contamination of ground water and then provides an overview
of state policies and strategies for protecting ground water. Volume II
presents the background information compiled by EPA. This information
was used in preparing Volume I. Each volume contains the same three
appendices. Appendix A provides summary tables on ground-water use and
quality, Appendix B lists the EPA Regional Ground-Water
Representatives, and Appendix C lists the state officials who verified
the information. Any questions about Volume I should be directed to
Marian Mlay, Director, Office of Ground-Water Protection, U01 M Street,
S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. Any questions about Volume II should be
directed to the EPA Regional Ground-Water Representatives or the
appropriate state officials.
ii
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REGION I
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STATE QROCTP-WATSR PROGRAM 80MUHT
STATE: CONNECTICUT
1. IATORR OF THE GtOOBTMIATER 1ESOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Rydrologlo Ctaraet*rlatloa. Describe general geological and hydrologlcel characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock typea, areal extent and thickness, transmlsslvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cteraotariatica
Physiographic
Region/ProTiace A:
Pre-Triasslo
Crystalline Rocks
Physiographic
•egion/Frovlaee B:
Triasslc
Sedimentary Rooks
Physiographic
Begion/Prorlace
Paleozoic
Carbonate Rooks
Percent of state oOTered
by thU proviaoe (estimated)
anooaflnad Aqulfer(a)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Note A; The crystalline rocks are the most areally extensive type found in the state. They are of pre-Trlasslc
age and consist primarily of granites, gneisses, and schists. These rocks are the principal sources of well-water
supplies in the upland regions and are primarily tapped by domestic, light industrial, and snail public water-
supply system wells.
In spite of their diverse origin and appearance, all of the crystalline rocks of Connecticut have similar
water-bearing properties in that they generally have a limited capacity to store and transmit water. However,
they represent an Important source of water supply. Approximately 15V of the total population is dependent upon
Individual domestic wells, the vast majority of which tap the crystalline rock aquifer.
Note B: The second most extensive rock unit in Connecticut consists of siltstones, shales, and conglomerates of
the Trlassic age, with the infrequent occurrence of diabase intrusives. Except for the intrusives, the rocks were
deposited originally as unconsolidated continental sediments, and consequently the grain sice varies greatly both
horizontally and vertically front bed to bed. This variation in rock type has an effect on the availability of
ground water in joints and fractures, along bedding planes, and in intergranular pore spaces. The beds of
sandstone are generally more permeable than beds of shale because some water in the former is contained between
individual sand grains where the cementing material has been dissolved or was never formed. The water in the
shale is contained almost entirely in fractures, many of which are along bedding planes. There has also been some
faulting of the sedimentary rocks. In a few places, this has created large fractures which, upon being penetrated
by a well, will yield a considerable quantity of water.
Note j; Found only in the western part of the state, the carbonate rocks consist of limestones that have been
metamorphosed to marble. Generally, these are leas resistant to weathering and erosion than the adjacent
crystalline rocks and thus occupy the lowlands. The carbonate rocks have virtually no primary porosity, and the
saturated zones contain water in fractures, and, to a lesser degree, in solution channels. A study of well yields
indicates that the carbonate rocks have a somewhat higher yield than the crystalline rocks.
Additional Notes: The most prolific aquifers in Connecticut, from the standpoint of yielda of individual wells
and wall fields, are the localized beds of unconsolidated sand and gravel laid down in bedrock valleys during the
glacial epoch. In addition, some layers of sand and gravel of relatively recent age have been deposited by
existing streams. Where beds of sand and gravel are well-sorted and relatively free of fine ailt and clay, they
tend to be very permeable. The other type of unconsolidated aquifer, used primarily in rural areas, is till. It
consists of poorly sorted rock material: silt, sand, boulders, and clay. Although till deposits blanket most of
the state, they are generally thin and of low permeability. The development of till deposits is usually by large-
diameter, shallow-dug wells capable of producing a maximum of a few gpm. Such unconsolidated deposits, mainly of
glacial origin, can be found mantling the rock throughout the state. However, these deposits of sand, gravel,
silt, and clay are only important from a water supply point of view where a sufficient thickness is encountered,
usually in the valleys of the principal drainage features and the coastal lowlands.
-1-
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STATE: COMBCTICOT
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
40 16
20 10
ia e
39b 97
100 19
Irrigation.
''Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1981
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
16)1
500,000
Domestic
Hells
16)1
1494,520
Total
32%
994,520
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STATE: OOWBCTICUT
2.1. Souroea (Check aajor aouroea of oontai
2 • next aoat aerioua, ate.)
Inatlon and rank top four — 1 » anat aarloua,
Source Check lank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X 3
On-slte industrial X* 1
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoona, surface
impoundments)
Other land f ilia
Surface lapoundmenta X
(excluding oil and
gaa brine pits)
Oil and gaa brine pita
Underground storage X 4
tanks
Other (specify):
On-site spillage X 1
and Illegal
disposal of
industrial
solvents
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 2
Road salting X
alncludes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
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STATE: COmCTICDT
3. STATE dROOID-VATER NAMGEHBK STIOCTOBK
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to frouod-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored to? Statute
Statute laae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Oround-lHiter ProUotloo
G«neral-Mter pollution
control
Connecticut General Statutes,
Sections 22a-16-20, 22a-137, 25-5^
21-S^c-k, 25-5«oo(c), and 25-5thh
Prohibit pollution of waters of the
state. "Haters" specifically include
ground water.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Connecticut State Health Department
Regulation 19.13.b.102
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
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STATE: GOWK CTI CUT
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Polio?
3.2.2.1. Xa there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Protection
3.2.2.3. Describe development prooeaa (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
lea X No
The atate is currently implementing a ground-water classification system by mapping proposed quality
goala for-all ground-water resources in the atate. The ground-water management plan includes: ground-water
quality standards; aquifer mapping; aquifer classification; ground-water discharge permits; well driller
reporting; proposed LOST regulations; contamination response/investigation; and baain plans (covering surface and
ground water).
3.2.3. Chtracterlatioa of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The policy's stated goal is to restore or maintain the quality of the ground water to a level consistent
for its use for drinking water without treatment.
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does atate have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Tea ^X No
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of claases:
Connecticut has four aquifer classifications based on use quality, land use, and flow system:
Class GAA — Suitable to receive wastes from acceptable agricultural practices or backwash from public drinking
water treatment systems or minor cooling discharges.
Class GA — Suitable to receive discharges in GAA as well as human and animal waste and other biodegradable
materials which pose no threat to untreated drinking water supplies.
Class GB — Suitable to receive discharges permitted in Class GAA and GA as well as certain treated industrial
process waters which do not cause further degradation of the ground water.
Class GC — Suitable for all discharges allowed in Claases GAA-GC as well as other discharges specified in
Section 25-51, aa long aa an adjacent surface water classification will not be violated.
Restoration to drinking water quality is not normally sought when the ground water In question has been
classified GB or GC.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
The standards are uaed to prevent further degradation of the ground water, particularly those aquifers
used as public drinking sources. It la the atate'a policy to employ best treatment technologies for a discharge
or waste with refractory or otherwise hazardous substances.
3.2.5.3> Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
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STATE: COnsCTXCOT
3.3. StaU Agency BMpcoalbllitlw for Oround Hater Protection
•esponaibla
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Protection
Department of
Health Services
Ground-
Vkter
Polloy/
•ule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Procrui
•CM
X
me*
X
rasb
X
«c
X
Other
Data
Colleo-
tloo,
Hwlag,
•to.
X
Qround-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conaer-
Taticn
*
Mining
Protao-
tlon
from
Bowl
De-loins
X
Otnei
Xe
Xf
*UIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPHS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
^Through the Connecticut Council on Soil and Water Conservation.
eGround-water discharge permits; leachate and ground-water diversion permits; well driller reporting; proposed LUST
regulations; contamination response/investigation; major pollution control programs, septic tanks over 5,000 gpd.
rWater supply; septic tanks (under 5,000 gpd).
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3.1. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: COHMECTICOT
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Memorandum of Understanding between the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Health
Services. Delegates septic tank discharges under 5,000 gpd to
the Health Department.
The Department of Environmental Protection and the State Health
Department have a division of responsibilities.
Mapping, certain monitoring.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Mapping in order to implement the ground-water classification
system and to delineate regionally significant aquifers.
Collects hydrogeologic data through cooperative USGS programs
and Department of Environmental Protection studies.
Complete hydrogeologic investigation Including source and
nature of pollutants, travel path, and on-slte monitoring.
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STATE: COMB CTI COT
3.6. State around-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The state conducts monitoring associated with other
known ground-water discharges including large septic
systems, municipal and Industrial landfills, and
industrial discharges.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites; works closely with EPA at all Superfund
sites; and periodically conducts special surveys for
specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organioa).
Survey of area impacted by past and present
agriculture.
Efforts are underway to establish an ambient ground-
water monitoring program to be built around existing
USGS and public water system monitoring programs.
The state conducts monitoring associated with the
Federal Underground Injection Control permitting and
Class V assessment programs, as well as routine
monitoring of public water systems.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
lama of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~-^^_^ Context
Approaches "~~—-^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Matar Permit Adoption, Hater
Xasues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
j«ib jjb jjb gb
xa,b x Xa X
X X X X
x°
aMeetings with citizens and local officials to increase local awareness of ground-
water issues and encourage local adoption of protective measures.
bPublic meetings and hearings conducted in conjunction with adoption of ground-water
quality standards, promulgation of ground-water classification maps, submission of
an application for UIC primacy, and award of state ground-water discharge permits.
°Public information materials regarding above items.
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STATE: COMBCTICOt
». STATS XmiMBBTATXOI V FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT ORCHID WATER
4.1. Fracru Status
Federal
Status of Program Oalcgatlon
State
Onusual/Moteworthjr
Ageooy Program Charaotorlatlos
QIC
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Protection
All 5 well classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phases X and II
Departaent of
Environmental Protection
PWS
Delegated
Department of
Health Services
Pestioides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Protection
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STATE: COHNBCTIC0T
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$630,000 Data management improvements; ground-water monitoring;
ground-water classification/mapping; implementation,
permits, and enforcement.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(j)
$299,690 Updating basin plans and water quality standards and
criteria covering ground water: $150,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,198,760
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$61*9,900 /$88,700
None
UIC
$5*1,
Class V assessments; technical assistance, aquifer
mapping; data management: $9,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$81,600
None
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STATE: COnECTXCOT
5. STATB-ORIQIIATED OROOiTMIATBR PROTBCTXOB PROGRAMS
5.1. Oround-Hater Strategy
(including.ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state's policy la to prevent further degradation of the ground waters, particularly those
aquifers used as public drinking sources, through differential protection. Four aquifer classifications exist
baaed on use, quality, land use, and flow system.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, 205(J)
5.2. Ground-Water Honltoring
Description: The state conducts routine monitoring of the public water system,at discharge and waste disposal
compliance monitoring sites and at suspected contamination sites. Periodically, special surveys are conducted for
certain contaminants. Programs such as the Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund,
Underground Injection Control, and Class V Assessment are coordinated and monitored in association with the
Federal government.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, 205(J), RCRA, SDWA
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Aquifer assessment and mapping programs are conducted by the Department of Environmental Protection,
Natural Resource Center.
fi 198H Funding:
Funding Source: State, with USGS match
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Cooperative effort between several Department of Environmental Protection units, the Department of
Health Services, and the Department of Agriculture. The Department of Health Services has lab services and
regulation of water supplies. The Department of Environmental Protection has a pesticide use program, site
investigations, and orders for pollution abatement and alternative water supplies.
FI 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, SDWA, other sources related to pesticide control
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STATE: COMBCTICUT
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection issues ground-water discharge permits for all wastewater
and leachate discharges to ground water, except septic system discharges less than 5,000 gpd.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106
5.6. Septic Nuiageaent Program
Description: All systems at 5,000 gpd or more require the Department of Environmental Protection permit. The
Department of Environmental Protection is active in developing technical review criteria for systems less than
5,000. The Department of Environmental Protection also regulates septic system additives.
FY 1981* Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection has proposed regulations for underground storage tanks,
for petroleum products, excluding residential tanks.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/Investigation programs are implemented by the Department of Environmental
Protection, lab services provided by the Department of Health Services (billed to Department of Environmental
Protection accounts).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State, 106, BCRA, SWDA, UIC
5.9. Other: Well drilling activities are recorded by the Department of Environmental Protection.
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3TAT1 OBOOiP-MATEB PBOOBAM SOHMABI
STATE: MAINE
1. IATDKB Of THE GBOUBD-VATBB 1ESOOBCE
1.1. Qeologie and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province i:
Moosehead Plateau
Physiographic
Reglon/Provinoe B:
Aroostook Valley
Pnyalocraphic
Begion/Provinoe C:
Central Uplands
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
40*
Qbconfined Aquifer (a)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Note A; Of the consolidated rock region, the Moosehead Plateau comprises the northwestern 40? of the state. The
intensity of metamorphism of the rocks increases southeastward. Nearly unmetamorphosed limestone, sandstone, and
shale near the northwestern border with Canada, grade into slate, marble, and quartzite, with occasional intrusive
granite and diabase north of Moosehead Lake. South of Moosehead Lake, high-rank metamorphic and meta-igneous
rocks occur more frequently. The wells in bedrock on the Moosehead Plateau generally yield reliable domestic
supplies. Where greatly fractured or only slightly metamorphosed, the consolidated rock aquifer may yield
sufficient water for small industries.
Note B; The Aroostook Valley area occupies the northeastern edge of the state. The intensity of metamorphism as
reflected in the rocks is less systematic here, but generally metamorphism increases from north to south. The
wells in the igneous and metamorphic rock usually yield less than 10 gpm. In the limestone and marble, well
yields are relatively high when solution channels are present.
Note C; The Central Uplands region occurs as a broad band of rolling and hilly terrain across the center of the
state. Its geologic sequence, in a line from east to west, is similar to that of the north-south sequence in the
Moosehead Plateau. The bedrock well yields are usually sufficient for domestic and small municipal and industrial
supplies. The carbonate rocks are not as extensive in this region as compared to the Moosehead Plateau.
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STATE: NAZIS
1. UTORK V THE GROOID-VATKR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrolcglc Cneraoteristioa. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Coastal Lowlands
Physiographic
Region/ProTiaoe B:
Physiographic
legion/Province P:
Percent of state covered
19 this province (estimated)
Onoonfined Aquifer(s)
In toe Coastal Lowlands,
where the population of
Maine is concentrated,
igneous and aetaaorphlc
gneiss, schist, and
pegmatite are more
abundant than slate and
shale.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: Maine is located entirely within the Glaciated Appalachians region. There are four large unconsolidated
sand and gravel areas: in the southwest and west central region southwest of Noosehead Lake; in the east central
area in southern Aroostook County and eastern Penobscot County; in the St. John River Valley southeast of the
Canadian border; and in the Aroostook River Valley.
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STATE: MAXIE
1.2.
of Grand Hater m» Parent of Total (Image
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total % Oround Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
25 19
*1 5
<1 3
33b 97
1 <1
100 5
•irrigation.
^Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
191
89,870
Domestic
Hells
58$
656,000
Total
77*
715,870
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STATI: MAI*B
2.1. Sources (Cbeok wjor aouroea of ontitaarina
2 « next aoat aarloua, etc.)
ition and nude top four — 1 « aoat
Souroa Cbaok lank
Septic tanks X
Municipal land f ilia X 4
On-aite Industrial X*
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, aurfaoe
Impoundments)
Other land f ilia
Surface Impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pita)
Oil and gas brine pita
Underground atorage X 1
tanks
Other (specify)
Souroa
Cbeok Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste aitea
X 2
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intruaion
X
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X
X 3
'includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aSodluffi chloride.
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STATE: HaXU
3. STATE GROUID-WATER MAIAOIMEHT STRUCTURE
3.1. State SUtutM P«rtelnU« to Ground-Water Quality and PoUuUoo Oootrol
Subject Monitored by Statute
General tater pollution
control
Ground -water quality
(including publio health
standard a)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Pesticides
Statute laae/lo.
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Sections 413(1-8), 1306, 1317 (pro-
hibitions)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Sections 363-B, 481, 484(5)
22 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Sections 2611-2617, 2641-2648
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 1304(8)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 1304(6) (permits)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 319-B
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 490(1)
38 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Sections 541, 545-A, 551
22 Maine Revised Statutes Annotated,
Section 1471
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Meter Protection
Prohibit discharge of pollutants to
state waters. "Maters" expressly
includes all surface and subsurface
waters.
Classification for ground-water
protection from development.
The state protects water supplies;
local management over water supplies.
Requires licenses for waste facilities
(broad authority).
Specifies prohibition of discharge of
hazardous waste into state waters.
Hazardous waste fund for remedial action
and clean-up.
Requirements for reclamation which
includes ground-water monitoring.
Permits for underground storage; Maine
Coastal Protection Funds (includes
remedial action and clean-up).
Regulation of pesticides use,
application, and container regulations
(returnable containers).
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cbeok
X
X
X
Xa
Standing committee on ground water within the Land and Water Resources Council has been established to review
policy and develop a comprehensive ground-water management strategy.
-17-
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STATE: NAXIB
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Standing Committee on Ground Water within the Land and Water
Resources Council
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The task of this committee, with the participation of several state agencies, Is to review policy and
develop a comprehensive ground-water management strategy. Activities planned include: aquifer mapping; ground-
water discharge permits; site development licensing; draft LOST regulations; draft ground-water strategy;
contamination response/investigation; water supply; source protection plans; risk assessment; contaminant exposure
guidelines; technical assistance to municipalities and utilities; bedrock aquifer mapping; and agricultural Impact
assessment.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
GWA — Suitable for drinking water supplies
GWB — Suitable for everything else
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-18-
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STATS: MAINE
3.3. State Agency Haaponaibllitle* for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Protection
(ME DEP)
Department of
Human Services
Department of
Conservation, Maine
Geological Survey
Department of
Agriculture, Food
and Rural Resources,
Board of Pesticide
Control
Department of
Transportation
(Wells Claims
Division)
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
UHf
X
PWb
X
P8°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping,
•to.
X
X
X
Ground ~
Water
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
X
Othei
X*
x«
*UIC e Underground Injection Control.
fcpHS s Public Water System.
CPE * Pesticides Enforcement.
^Ground-water discharge permits; site development licensing; septic tank solvent regulations; draft LUST regulations;
contamination response/investigation; major pollution control programs.
•Water supply programs; septic tanks.
-19-
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STATE: MAXIB
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of apecifio aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreesants
and Agencies
The Department of Hunan Services, the Department of
Environmental Protection, and the State Police are involved
with emergency responses.
Maine Geological Survey and Department of Environmental
Protection project to assess extent and condition of major
aquifers in the state.
State Ground-water Protection Commission (study group) and
Memorandum of Understanding between the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Human Services.
The Department of Human Services and the Department of
Environmental Protection are involved together in private well
testing.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Multi-year sand and gravel aquifer mapping program
extent and condition of major aquifers in the most
areas of the state.
USGS monitored wells and wells associated with sand
aquifer mapping.
Completed through sand and gravel aquifer mapping;
through RCRA activities.
to assess
populated
and gravel
also done
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STUB: MAIIE
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
types of Monitoring
Non-hazard oua
mate sites
Hazardous waste altes
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cheek
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The state conducts monitoring associated vith other
Federally mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and RCRA permitting programs.
The atate monitors known and suspected contamination
sites; works closely with EPA at all Superfund
sites; and periodically conducts special surveys for
specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organics,
arsenic, and radon).
The state conducts routine monitoring of public water
system ground water; and monitoring associated with
the Federal Underground Injection Control permitting
and Class V assessment programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeok)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
— -^^^ Context
Approaches • — ^_^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
fetor Permit Adoption, Mater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
XXX
X X
Xb X
*The state Department of Environmental Protection occasionally meets with citizens
and local officials to explain the interpretation and use of maps and data on the
state's aquifers.
^Occasional articles on ground-water protection in the Department of Environmental
Protection Agency's newsletter.
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STATE: NAZIS
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PIOORAMS TO PBOTECT QBODMD HATER
4.1. Proem Statua
rodorsl
Status of Program Delegation
State Impl
Obuauml/Motevorthy
.lag Agency Frogru CterMtaristioa
DIC
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Protection
All 5 veil olasaea
RCRA
Delegated
Phases I and II
Department of
Environmental Protection
PUS
Delegated
Department of Human
Services
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Board of Pesticide
Control, Department of
Agriculture, Food and
Rural Resources
-22-
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STATE: NAIVE
4.2. Grant Statua
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projacta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$610,000 Participation in state aquifer Mapping program.
Comprehensive Ground-Water Management Strategy
Development — $30,000.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$186,910
Regional Ground-Hater Quality Studies — $50,000.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$747,640
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,900/$32,700 None
01C
$51,100
Class V Assessments, technical assistance and aquifer
mapping — $16,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$74,200
None
-23-
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«T ATE: HaXIB
5. STATB-01IOUUTED OBOUm-VATBB PBOTBCTIOI PBOOUMS
5.1. OioyaiJEater Strata*?
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
•»•
Description^ The Land and Vatar Resources Council la currently developing a draft comprehensive management
grouad-wter atrategy.
FY 1981 Funding: »50,000
Funding Source: State appropriation and 106
5.2. Oround-aaUr Monitoring
Description: The state routinely monitors the public water system ground water, and periodically conducts special
surveys for specific contaminants. Zt also works in conjunction with the Federal government on the Surface
Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and Class V Assessment
programs.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Basouroe AaseMSMDt/Aquifar Study/Mapping
Description: An aquifer mapping program was Initiated in 1980 by the Department of Environmental Protection and
will be completed by 1990.
FY 1984 Funding: 1100,000
Funding Source: State appropriation and USGS
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Returnable Container Program Including deposits, labeling, identifying distributors, and state
collection program.
FY 1984 Funding: $8,000 ($26,000 appropriated for 1985)
Funding Source:
-24-
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STATE: MallE
5.5. Permits/Control of DlMfaargea to Qrouad litter
Description: Oround-water discharge permits are issued by the Department of Environmental Protection.
n 1984 Funding: $40,000
Funding Source: 01C and state appropriation
5.6. Septic NanageMnt Program
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection issues septic tank aolvent regulations. The Department
of Human Resources enforces the plumbing code.
FY. 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection has prepared draft LUST regulations. Comprehensive plan
prepared.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Environmental Protection has implemented a program for contamination
response/investigation.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: The Department of Environmental Protection also handles site development licensing.
-25-
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stun ORODTTO-WATBR PROGRAM SOMMAHT
STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
1. HATORE V THE GBOOHD-VATER IBS001CE
1.1* Geologic and Hydrologle Characteristic*. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharacteristica
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamisaivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Character iatiea
Phy Biographic
Regloo/ProviDee 1:
Crystalline Rocks
Phy Biographic
Region/Province B:
Hooaic-Housatonie Valley
Carbonate Rocka
Physiographic
Region/ProviDoe C:
Coastal Basin
Sedimentary Rocka
Pereent of state covered
by this proTince (estimated)
Obooofined Aqulfer(a)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
Mote A; The aost areally extensive bedrock aquifer la the crystalline rock complex covering Boat of the atate.
It contains a broad spectrum of igneous and metamorphic types ranging in age from Preoambrian to Carboniferous.
They are generally similar in water-bearing characteristics, with well yields usually sufficient for domestic
supplies.
Note B; In western Massachusetts, the valley of the Hooslc and the Housatonlc Rivers is underlain principally by
carbonate rocks, which continue southward into Connecticut and possibly northward into Vermont. Occurring between
bills of predominantly gneiss and quartzlte to the east and schist to the west, these units of limestone and
dolomite represent a productive aquifer in this portion of the atate. The yields of wells are controlled to a
great extent by the size and number of solution channels encountered.
Mote C; Within the crystalline terrain in southeast and northeast Massachusetts, portions of the upper bedrock
oonaiat of sedimentary rock units. The dominant rocks, dated aa Carboniferous, are elastics, aueh aa aandatone,
ahale, and conglomerate, metamorphosed to varying degrees. They were originally depoalted in sedimentary basins;
the two largest are the Narraganaett and the Boston. Some minor outcrops of similar age rocks occur throughout
Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts.
-26-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
1. MATURE Of THE QEOUID-VATER UtSOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Charact«rlatica. Describe general geological and hydrologleal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transaissivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Qaracteristioa
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Connecticut Valley
Sedimentary Rocks
PhyBiographic
Region/Province E:
Physiographic
Baglon/ProTinoe F:
Peroent of atate covered
by thl* province (estimated)
Dnconflned aquifer (a)
See Note D below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Note D; In the central part of the atate, Triassic age rocks occupy a tectonic basin along the trend of the
Connecticut River. These rocks are primarily sedimentary, sandstone, shale, and conglomerate, with minor
limestone and intruded diabase. The rock types and structures are similar to those found in Triassic basins in
Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland.
Additional Notes: Extensive deposits of unstratlfled glacial drift, called till, cover the bedrock over most of
the state. Till generally has a low permeability and for that reason is normally a poor aquifer. During
prolonged periods of drought, wells in till frequently go dry. However, it is still a useful aquifer in many
areas because of its accessibility. Where stratified deposits of fine-grained material are found, the water-
yielding character1st!ca may be similar to those of till. Eolian, marine-swamp, and lacustrine deposits are
typical fine-grained stratified units.
The most prolific aquifers in Massachusetts are the unconsolidated stratified deposits, predominantly sand
and gravel. There are three major types of sand and gravel deposits, all composed of waterborne material. They
were deposited in contact with glacial ice during the Pleistocene Period, as outwash in drainage areas of the
nelting glaciers, or as alluvial materials associated with streams not related to glaciation. Sand and gravel
deposits are common in many areas of the state, particularly in the southeastern portion and on Cape Cod.
-27-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
1.2. frlmmrj QMS of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Cease
(toe
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except Buniclpal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Water
Ground Hater of Total Hater
59 24
29 .06
2* 28
10b 97
100 13
Irrigation.
livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Nells Total
33)1
1,181,220
-28-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
2.1. Sources (Check Major aouroea of contamination and rank top four
2 « next Boot serious, etc.)
— 1 *
ious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 4
Municipal landfills X 1
On-site industrial Xa
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
iopoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 2
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting X
'includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
x
i Other (specify)
-29-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
3. STATE GEODID-VATEK MABAGEMBK STKOCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollutioo Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-Hater quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute Bame/lo.
Massachusetts General Law C.21 (13)
Massachusetts General Law C.111
Massachusetts General Law C.286
A. Aquifer Land Acquisition
B. Ground -Water Contamination Cleanup
General Law C.21o and (7)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Prohibits discharge of pollutants into
Commonwealth waters; specifically
includes ground water.
Establishes standards to ensure drinking
water standards for public water supplies.
A. Disposable land to protect water
supply sites.
B. Cleanup of contaminated water
supplies .
Prohibits disposal of hazardous wastes
without a license; prohibits landfill
disposal of hazardous waste over a
planned or potential underground
drinking water source.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
X
!
x i
i
Check
-30-
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STATB: MASSACHUSETTS
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Quality Engineering
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Tea I No
Planned ground-water management programs include: ground-water quality standards; aquifer mapping;
aquifer classification; ground-water discharge permits; ground-water protection strategy; aquifer acquisition
program; contamination cleanup program; contamination response/investigation; ground-water monitoring handbooks;
and BMP* for road salts and water supplies.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Don-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The policy specifies "protection of quality and quantity to levels necessary for projected future use."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
1. Drinking Mater Quality
2. Saline
3. Below Drinking Water Quality
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Basis for ground-water discharge permit program.
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-31-
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STUB: MASSACHUSETTS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-tater Protection
Ground -
Hater
•eaponaible Policy/
State Rule/
Agency Standard
Department of X
Environmental
Quality Engineering
Department of
Environmental
Management
Department of Food
and Agriculture,
Bureau of Pesticides
Federally-Delegated Program
UCRA
X
X
DIC*
X
PHSb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
Ground—
Hater
Quality
X
SoU
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Bead
De-icing
X
Other
x"
Jf
al)IC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS c Public Water System.
CPE c Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-vater discharge permits; aquifer acquisition program; contamination cleanup program;
programs.
'Hazardous waste siting.
ijor pollution control
-32-
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STAIR: MASSACHUSETTS
3.*. Inter-Agency
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Formal ground-water protection strategy.
Inventory of ground-water programs.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waate sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Reconnaissance -level mapping project to delineate aquifers,
waste sites, and supply wells. Used existing information
and developed a state-wide atlaa. Individual aquifer
assessments will be conducted as part of a state Aquifer Land
Acquisition Program.
-33-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Tnea of Honlttrrtmr
Non-hasartoua
waste BlteS
Basardoua waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient Monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring
Data lame of
Computerised Database
(Cheek) (Specify)
The state conducts Monitoring associated with other
Federally mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and BCBA permitting programs.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites, and works closely with EPA at Superfund sites.
The state also periodically conducts special
surveys for specific contaminants (e.g. volatile
organica) .
Selective monitoring of municipalities.
Efforts are underway to establish an ambient
ground -water monitoring program to be built
around existing USGS and public water system
monitoring programs.
The state conducts routine monitoring of public
water system ground-water sources, and monitoring
associated with the Federal Underground Injection
Control permitting and Class V assessment programs.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~~~ ^^^ Context
Approaches ' -^^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground-
ifetw Permit
Issues Issuance
Xa Xb
xa
Regulation
Adoption,
Changes
Xb
Xa
Specific
Ground—
Mater
Strategy
X
X
Otber
X°
1*
X
x°
^Meetings with citizens and local officials under the 208 program to increase local
awareness of ground-water Issues and encourage local adoption of protective measures.
^Meetings conducted in conjunction with adoption of ground-water quality standards
and classification program, submission of an application for UiC primacy, and award
of ground-water discharge permits.
cHeetlngs and handbook to accompany aquifer delineation program.
dMeetlngs to instruct local officials on how to apply for state aquifer acquisition
and contamination clean-up programs.
-34-
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STATE: tUSSACBOSBTTS
4. STATE IMPLSMEMTATIOi OF FBDBRAL P10GRAIC TO P10TBCT 080010 HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
OnuBuel/•oteMorthy
Program Characteristics
DIC
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Quality
Engineering
All 5 mil classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I only
Department of
Environmental Quality
Engineering
PUS
Delegated
Department of
Environmental Quality
Engineering
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Bureau of Pesticides,
Department of Food
and Agriculture
-35-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Utter
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$1,280,000
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$830,600 Data management Improvements; assessment effort to
determine solid waste landfill Impacts on ground water;
LUST inventory/assessment; survey of unaddressed ground-
water threats; institutional coordination; development
of statewide ground-water classification system. Review
and coordinate subsurface disposal program — $252,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$3,322,400
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,160,600/$159,600 None
UIC
$56,200
Participation in mapping/classification effort;
Class V Assessments, technical assistance — $22,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$109,000
None
-36-
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STATE: MASSACHUSETTS
5. STATB-O&IGXIATED GB001D-VATBR P10TBCTIOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Qround^Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: The state routinely monitors public water system ground-water sources, and efforts are underway to
establish an ambient ground-water monitoring program. Special surveys are periodically conducted for specific
contaminants (e.g., volatile organics). Coordinated monitoring occurs in association with such Federally mandated
programs as the Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and the
Class V Assessment.
FY 19&4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Programs implemented by the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering Include aquifer mapping.
FI 19B4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-37-
-------
STATEt MASSACHUSETTS
5.5. rermits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: Ground-water discharge permits are issued by the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
•Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Programs for contamination cleanup and response/investigation are implemented by the Department of
Environmental Quality Engineering.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-38-
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STATE OTODMD-WATKR PROGRAM SOMMART
STATS: ttV HAMPSHIRE
1. MATURE QT THB QROOID-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Oaologio and Hydrologlo Cbaracterlatloa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal obaracterlatics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
CtanwUrlatle*
Pbyaiocraphlo
Region/Province A:
Glaciated Appalachians
Region
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
leglon/ProTlnce C:
of state oov*r«d
by ttoi* proTlooe (eatimated)
66%
33%
UkMonflMd Aqulfer(a)
Approximately two-thirds
of the state la underlain
by sedimentary and
volcanic rocks of
middle Paleozoic age
which have been meta-
morphosed to varying
extents.
Approximately one-
third of the state
is underlain by
middle and late
Paleozoic intrusives.
CoaflMd Aquifer(s)
Notes: The upper bedrock is composed of a full suite of rock types. Sand and gravel comprise the major Mater-
yielding unit, occurring mainly as outwash deposited by melt waters from Pleistocene glaciation, and as outwash
and alluvium deposited in narrow stream valleys during late Pleistocene glacial, post-glacial, and recent times.
The minor aand and gravel deposits occur as leases, eskers, and lenses of sorted material within till.
The long-tern yields are limited by the thickness and extent of the deposits. The best yields usually occur
in wells adjacent to perennial streams, where pumping may induce surface water into the aquifer. The available
information suggests that yields of a few hundred gpm are common. The deposits are reported to be as much as 200
feet thick.
-39-
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STATE: BH HAMPSHIRE
1.2. Prlawy Oaaa of Ground Hatar aa Percent of Total Oaage
(toe
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural*
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hater
66 18
20 1
11 93
100 7
'includes livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for lear 1984
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
15J
116,550
Domestic
Hells
35%
311,950
Total
50%
188,500
-40-
-------
STATE: IEV HAMPSHIRE
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of
2 • next ami Mrioua, «to.)
ataminatioQ and rank top four — 1 « moat aerioua,
Souroe Check lank
Septic tanks X
Municipal land f ilia X 2
On-site industrial Xa 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pita
Underground storage X 3
tanks
Other (specify)
Souroe Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting X 4
^Includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. ContaMinating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-41-
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STATE: BBV BUIPSHXBB
3. STATE GBOOBD-VATBB MABACBNBBT STBQCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Baae/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Orouad Katar Proteotlon
General water pollution
control
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 149
Enpowera the New Hampshire Water Supply
and Pollution Control Commission to
regulate all discharges to ground water.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 149
Same as above.
Solid waste
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 149-M
Disposal, storage, treataent, and
processing of solid waste.
Hazardous waste
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 147-A:4
Gives authority related to the discharge
of hazardous waste.
Mining
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 12-E
New Hampshire Statute
RSA Chapter 155-E
All mining of mineral and metal deposits
on state lands.
Prohibits earth excavations that would
substantially damage a known aquifer.
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
i
-42-
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STATE: BBW HAMPSHIRE
3.2.2. Development of around-Utter Policy
3.2.2.1. IB there * ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering conmlttee: Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Yea X No
Ground-water responsibilities are currently being reorganized in New Hampshire. Existing and planned
programs include: aquifer mapping; ground-water discharge permits; well driller registration; contamination site
modelling; draft LUST regulations; and contamination response/investigation.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The policy states that "ground waters of the state shall be potentially usable as water supplies."
3.2.*. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.U.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
All ground water shall be protected as existing or potential water supply sources.
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-43-
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STATE: RV HAMPSHIRE
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Water Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
Water Resources
Board
Department of
Health and Welfare
Pesticide Board
Department of
Resources and
Economic
Development
Agriculture
Department
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
roc*
X
neb
X
PK°
X
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground -
Mater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Cooser-
vatlon
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lclng
Other
X<
Xe
Xf
*UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
"Ground-water discharge permits; pollution control programs.
"Well driller registration.
fDraft LUST regulations; contamination response/investigation; contamination site modeling.
-44-
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STATE:
H HAMPSHIRE
3.*. InUr-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Ctaok If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Responsibility of the Council on Resources and Development, an
inter-agency board of eleven agency directors.
Memoranda of Understanding between New Hampshire Hater Supply
and Pollution Control Commission and the New Hampshire
Department of Health and Welfare; also Memoranda of
Understanding between the New Hampshire Water Supply and
Pollution Control Commission and the New Hampshire Water
Resources Planning Board.
3«5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer napping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Completed initial reconnaissance-level assessment map based on
existing data.
On-going Investigations on a case-by-case basis.
-45-
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STATE: OW HAMPSHIRE
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste altes
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cbeek
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The state conducts monitoring associated with
Federally-mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and RCRA permitting programs.
The state monitors known and suspected contamination
sites, and works closely with the EPA at all Superfund
sites. The state also periodically conducts surveys
for specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organics,
arsenic, and radon).
The state conducts routine monitoring of public water
system ground-water sources, and monitoring associated
with the Federal Underground Injection Control and
Class V assessment programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
taw of
Database
(Specify)
3-7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
•rt*r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa
xb xb
xa xc x°
"Hearings and public information in conjunction with adoption of ground-water
discharge permit regulations and submission of an application for 01C
primacy.
^Meetings with local officials and regional planning commissions under the 208 program
to increase local awareness of ground-water issues and encourage local adoption of
protective measures.
"Handbook for local officials used to explain ground-water protection programs at
meetings.
-46-
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STATS: BV HAMPSHIM
4. STATE XMPLSMUTATXMI Of PIDBHAL PBOGKAM5 TO PIOTBCT 080DBD VATIft
Statin
Patera!,
Status of
State Implementing
Procru CtarmeteriBtiea
me
Delegated
Vater Supply and
Pollution Control
Coanlaalon
All 5 well classes
ROM
Delegated
Phases I and II
Department of Health
and Welfare
PHS
Delegated
Water Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Pesticide Board, and
Water Supply and
Pollution Control
Commission
-47-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
STATE: EBW HAMPSBIRI
Or«nt
FI 1985 Allocation
Specific Qround-Hater
rroJaeta/Taaka and Budget
daan Hater Act
Saction 106
$380,000
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
4244,460 Septage and aludge diapoaal assessment project:
$91,000.*
Cooperative program with USGS for aquifer napping:
425,000.*
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
1977,840
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,900/132,700 None
DIG
$45,700
Aquifer mapping; Class V Assessments; technical
assistance: $19,500.
FIFRA
Section 23UK1)
$69,900
None
&Data for FY 19B4 programs.
-48-
-------
STATE: OV HAMP3HXIB
5. STATB-OIIGIIATtn GiOUlTMIATM PBOTECTKM PiOOUNS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water Quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. around-Water Monitoring
Description: The state routinely Monitors public water system ground-water sources and periodically conducts
special surveys for specific contaminants (e.g., volatile organics, arsenic, radon). It also works in conjunction
with the Federal government on the Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground
Injection Control, and Class V Assessment programs,
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3* Oround-iteter Beaouroe Assessment/Aquifer Study/tapping
Description: Aquifer mapping is conducted by the USCS under contract with the Water Resources Board. The Water
Supply and Pollution Control Commission has a minor aquifer mapping project.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-49-
-------
STATE: UH HaMPSHXIB
5.5. fwaito/Coatrol of Dlaohargea to Oround Mater
Description: Ground-mter discharge permits are distributed by the Hater Supply and Pollution Control Coanission.
FZ 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Saptie NuMgement Progrui
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank PrograaB
Description: The Water Supply and Pollution Control Commission, in consultation with the other water resource
agencies, has prepared draft underground storage tank regulations.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contaad-nation Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation programs are implemented by the Hater Supply and Pollution
Control Commission.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otter: Well—drilling registration and contamination site modelling are conducted by the Water Resources
Board.
-50-
-------
STATE OROOMD-VATKR PROGRAM SOMURI
STATE: RHODE ISLAID
1. MATURE OF THE OROOBD-WATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Crystalline Rock
Physiographic
legion/Province B:
Sedimentary Rock
Physiographic
legion/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by thla proTince (estimated)
Onconfined Aquifer(s)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
Confined Aquifer (s)
Mote A; The crystalline rocks of Rhode Island are found in the western half and in the southeast corner of the
state. The rocks are quite variable in type and age. Metamorphlc rocks include schist, gneiss, quartzite,
marble, and greenstone, and igneous rocks include granite , diorite, gabbro and volcanics. The ages of these
rooks vary from Precambrian to post-Pennaylvanian. Prom a water-yielding standpoint, little distinction has been
made between crystalline types. The crystalline rooks are generally tapped for domestic supplies, and yields are
usually small.
Note B; The upper bedrock in about one-third of Rhode Island is composed of sedimentary rocks of the
Pennsylvania!! age. These rocks occur in three structural basins, the Narragansett, the North Scituate, and the
Woonsocket. The rocks are predominantly non-marine elastics, ranging in composition from conglomerate to shale.
Coal beds occasionally occur in the sequence. These rocks have been slightly to extensively deformed and
metamorphosed. The sedimentary rocks have a higher water-yielding capability than the crystallines.
Additional Notes: Except for Block Island, which lies to the south and is in the Coastal Plain, all of Rhode
Island lies within the Glaciated Appalachians region. The crystalline rocks are prominent in the eastern and
western parts of the state, separated by a sequence of sedimentary rocks trending north to south. Mantling these
consolidated rocks nearly completely are unconsolldated deposits, primarily unstratified, unsorted glacial till
but with Important areas of sorted sand and gravel. Till mantles the bedrock nearly completely in all areas not
covered by sand and gravel. In the upland areas, till is the exclusive bedrock cover.
The aquifer in Rhode Island which can provide the highest yields to individual wells is composed of sand and
gravel. These deposits are sorted and stratified, primarily composed of outwash but with associated alluvium and
ice-contact units. They lie along nearly all the major streams, and especially in the central and southwestern
portions; they also occur in some interstream areas. Properly constructed and developed sand and gravel wells may
be capable of high yields.
-51-
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STATE» BHODE ISLAND
1.2. Primary DIM of Ground Water as Pcroeat of Total Owe*
OM
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total $ Ground Utter
Ground Hater of Total Water
51 15
35 35
la 10
13b 100
100 22
alrrigation.
^Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Mater for Drinking Water for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
Domestic
Veils
Total
15* 9* 24*
1112,000
87,000
229,000
-52-
-------
STATE: BHODB ISLAM)
2.1. Sources (Cbeck major sources of oontaml nation and renk top four
2 • next most serious, etc.)
— 1
it serious,
Source Check link
Septic tanks Z
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site industrial X* 4
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cbeck lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 1
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting X
"includes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-53-
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STATE: MODE ISL1HD
3. STATE GROOMD-WATBR MANAGBHBIT 3THOCTOTB
3.1. State Statutes, Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subjaot Neeitorad by Statute
Statute MMM/NO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control •
Rhode Island General Laws,
Section 46-12-28
Section 46-12-5 (Vater Pollution)
Ground waters are deeaed state waters.
Prohibits placement of any pollutant
in a location likely to enter state
waters.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
46-13-1 (Public Drinking Water)
46-14-1 (Drinking Vater)
Safety in public water supplies.
Prohibition of pollution regarding water
supply wells.
Solid waste
23-18.9-1 (Refuse Disposal)
Prohibition of disposal of solid waste in
potential drinking water supplies.
Hazardous waste
Rhode Island General Laws,
Section 23-19.1-1
Prohibition concerning hazardous waste.
Disposal in potential drinking water
supplies.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
45-21.1
State zoning ordinances.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
X
j
X
Check
-54-
-------
STATKt BBODK ISLAND
).*.!. Development of around Meter Polloy
3.2.2.1. I» there • (round-Miter policy or strategy development process?
les
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Water
Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe developaent process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
A project is underway to develop a model to delineate the aquifer recharge areas around major public
tnter supply veils. Rhode Island's Mkter quality management plan includes: aquifer mapping; aquifer protection
areas; ground-Mater discharge permits; well driller reporting; ground-water protection strategy; contamination
response/investigation; and ground-water pollution source inventory.
S.2.3. CberaoUrlstlos of Policy Developed
type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes:
3.2.*, Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-55-
-------
STATE: RHODE ISLAID
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Management
Department of
Health
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
DIG*
X
PHSb
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Hining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
Other
X*1
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-water discharge permits; well driller reporting; contamination response/investigation; draft LUST regulations;
septic tanks.
-56-
-------
STATE I WOOI ISLAMD
Teploi
Protection of specific aquifera
Policy and strategy derelopaent
Ground-water dischargee
Underground injection control
ground-water contamination incidents
Geological aurvey
Other (apeoify):
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Deaorlption of AfiwtMBta
and Afenoiaa
The Departaent of Health and the Office of State Planning
The Department of Health and the Oepartaent of Environmental
Management jointly ahare data and resolution of iaaues.
The Department of Environmental Management and USQS for
sampling.
Formal polioy for internal coordination within Department of
Environmental Management.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource AaseasMot Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
A project to develop a model to delineate the aquifer recharge
areas around major public water supply wells.
Delineate via mapping.
Mapping of locations of incidents.
-57-
-------
STATE: 1HODB 1SLAID
3.6. State Ground-flater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Prognui
The state conducts monitoring In association with
Federally mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment and HCRA permitting programs.
The state periodically conducts special surveys for
specific contaminants (e.g. volatile organics);
monitors known and suspected contamination sites;
and works closely with EPA at Superfund sites.
Governor's Advisory Committee to make decisions
on monitoring.
An initial effort is underway to establish ambient
ground -water monitoring program to be built around
existing USGS and public water system monitoring
programs .
The state conducts monitoring associated with the
Federal Underground Injection Control and Class V
assessment programs, as well as routine monitoring
of public water system ground sources.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cheek)
•saw of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Begulation Ground-
VBtar Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
xa
X X
xb
X
X X
'Public meetings in conjunction with development of a state underground injection
control program.
"Speakers provided for public groups interested in learning about the state's
growing ground-water protection program.
-58-
-------
STATE: MODE XSLAHD
4, STATE XlffLINKMTATXON Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO FIOTBCT GROOM) HATER
1.1. Program Status
Federal
Procrtm
Status of trot***
Statft
Obumial/Notmrorthy
Cbu«otari*tio»
DIG
Delegated
Department of
Environmental
Management
All 5 well olaasea plua
aubaurfaoe disposal of
non-hazardoua waste.
HCRA
Delegated
Phases I and II
Department of
Environmental
Management
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Division of
Agriculture and
Marketing, Department
of Environmental
Management
-59-
-------
STATE: IBOOB ISLAND
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Vater Act
Section 106
$560,000
$25,000 towarda ground water
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$162,090
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
4648,000
None
KCRA
Section 3011
4219,900/$33,300 None
01C
$42,600
Aquifer mapping
Class V assessments — $22,000
Technical assistance
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
470,100
None
-60-
-------
STATE: MODE ISLAHD
5. STATE-OKIGIBATED GROUID-WATBH PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Department of Environmental Management has the responsibility for drafting a ground-water
strategy; no specific information baa been provided.
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: State efforts are underway to establish an ambient ground-water monitoring program to be built
around existing USGS and public water system monitoring programs. Periodic surveys for specific contaminants are
conducted. Coordinated monitoring occurs in association with Federally-mandated programs such as the Surface
Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and the Class V Assessment.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Aquifer mapping/modelling is conducted by the Department of Environmental Management.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-61-
-------
STATE: BBODE XSLAID
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Water
Description: Ground-water discharge orders are issued by the Department of Environmental Management.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Environmental Management has responsibility for drafting underground storage tank
regulations.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation activities are conducted by the Department of Environmental
Management.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-62-
-------
STATE OBOPBD-WATEB PROGRAM SDHMAHT
STATE: VBBMOBT
1. UTDRB OF TBB GBOUBD-VATBR BB300KCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologleal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transnissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Oiaracteristics
Physiographic
Begion/Provlaoe A:
Vermont Lowland
Physiographic
Begion/Provinoe B:
Green and
Taconic Mountains
Physiographic
Begion/ProTinoe C:
Vermont Piedmont
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dbcoofioed Aquifer(s)
The Vermont Lowland,
located in the western
part of the state, is
a sequence of carbonates,
quartzites, shales, and
slates. Carbonates dom-
inate and are the prin-
cipal water producer
Very little original
porosity remains in
these rocks. Yields
are low to moderate
depending upon the
permeability created by
post depositional
fracturing.
Lying east of the
Vermont Lowland is a
highland area composed
of a sequence of de-
formed clastic rocks
metamorphosed to vary-
ing degrees. The high-
lands are called the
Green Mountains, and
consist of Precambrian
and early Paleozoic
argillaceous slate,
schist, gneiss,
phyllite, quartzite,
and marble. In the
southwest, a mass of
similar rocks lie dis-
tinct from the Green
Mountains, separated
from them by the Vermont
Valley, called the
Taconic Mountains.
The Paleozoic crystalline
rocks of the Vermont Pied-
mont are similar to those
of the Green Mountains.
However, there are two
exceptions: the Piedmont
has prominent carbonates
and acidic intrusives.
Physiographically, the
Piedmont has a gently
rolling, dissected
surface and is separ-
ated from the Green
Mountains by a series
of north-south trending
valleys. Because of
the greater frequency
of occurrences of
carbonates in the
Vermont Piedmont as
compared to the Green
Mountains, yields tend
to be higher.
Confined Aquifer(s)
In some localities uncon-
solidated and consolidated
aquifers are confined by
overlying aquitards of
glacial tills, silts, and
clays. Areal extent of
the confined zones is
generally limited by the
rugged and steep
topography. The median
yield for all wells of
record is close to six
gallons/minute.
Notes: The sand and gravel aquifers in Vermont occur in major stream valleys. The variations in yields of wells
often depend upon the quantity of water desired, that is wells drilled for domestic purposes are terminated once
the yield reaches the normal anticipated five gallons/minute, regardless of the potential of the aquifer.
-63-
-------
fTATII fBBNOIT
1.2. PrlMrjr DIM of Ground Water u Porooat of ToUl
DM
Public Hater Syateu
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Afrioulturtl*
Domtitio/Hurtl
Othtr dp«oify)
ToUl
% of Total % Ground fetor
Orouad Itoter of Total Httar
37 .2
12 1
13 30
36 63
100 7
"irrigation.
^Includes livestock.
1.3. Population Icllaooe OB Ground Water for Drinking Hater for X«ar I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Syiteaa
22J
113,000
Ooaeatio
Hello
32>
162,000
Total
51*
275,000
-64-
-------
STATE I
2.1. Sources (Ctook mjor souroes of oonUBimtion and rank top four
2 • next Mat awioua, «to.)
— 1 « lost MTlout,
Source Cbeok lank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X 4
On-alte industrial Xa
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Owok lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
X
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X 3
X 1
alnoludes uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile X_
Synthetic X
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
X
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-65-
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STATE: VERMONT
3. STATE GBOOID-VATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid mate
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gaa
Other (specify):
Developments
Statute lame/Mo.
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 1259 (a)
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 905b(17)
Vermont Statute, Title 16,
Chapter 23
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 1279
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Chapter 159
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Chapter 159
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 6001 et. seq. (Act 250)
Vermont Statute, Title 29,
Chapter 14
Vermont Statute, Title 10,
Section 6001 et. seq. (Act 250)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Prohibits the discharge of any waste
into an injection well or state waters
without a permit.
Authority to protect and manage state
waters.
Authority to regulate public water
supplies .
Authority to control pollution of ground -
water resources.
Authority for Secretary to protect
ground-water quality in vicinity of
landfill and to require monitoring.
Same as above.
Any development must not result in undue
water pollution.
Authority to control oil and gas
exploration and operation. Rules require
permit under Act 250.
No development may result in undue water
pollution or involve the injection of
water into ground water or wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy8
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
aVermont Statute, Title 10, Section 1278
-66-
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STATE: TBBMOMT
3.2.2. BevelopBeot of Oround-4toter Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yea X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Vermont has a ground-water protection program which specifies a course for ground-water protection and
•anageaent for the next 5-10 years. It is based on ten established ground-water protection principles and focuses
on a policy of protection, rather than prevention.
The plan Includes the following programs to be implemented: aquifer mapping; aquifer protection areas;
ground-water discharge permits; well driller reporting; ground-water protection strategy; contamination
response/investigation; and ground-water pollution source inventory.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes:
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The classification of ground water is based on existing and future uses, vulnerability, and an
acceptable degree of risk. There are two categories:
Class 1 — Waters contained in aquifers that supply, or in the future could supply, community water supplies.
Such waters will receive stringent protection.
Class II — All waters not contained in Class I. Such waters will be protected by existing codes, standards, and
regulations.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes No X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Drinking water standards are used as effluent standards for industrial discharges to the subsurface.
3*2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Vermont drinking water standards are at least as stringent aa the Federal drinking water standard.
-67-
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STATE: fERMOMT
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Hater
Resources and
Environmental
Engineering
Department of
Health
Department of
Agriculture
Agency of
Transportation
Environmental
Board
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIC*
X
PHSb
X
PEC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
SoU
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
Other
X*
Xe
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE : Pesticides Enforcement.
dGround-water discharge permits; well driller reporting; contamination response/investigation; ground-water pollution
source inventory. v
eWater supply program.
-68-
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STATE: YXBMOBT
3.4. Inter-Agency
Toploa
Protection of spec if io aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify) :
Road de-icing
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Igresaanta
and Agencies
Implementation of ground-water strategy is coordinated by the
Ground-Water Coordinating Committee.
Memorandum of Understanding between the Vermont Department of
Hater Resources and Environmental Engineering, the Vermont
Department of Health, and the Vermont Department of Agriculture.
Agreement between the Agency of Transportation and the Agency
of Environmental Conservation.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Ground-water levels
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Completed a reconnaissance level mapping program to Identify the
recharge areas around all public water supply wells within the
state using existing data.
Some historic data from random sampling.
The Agency of Environmental Conservation monitors ground-water
quality at all newly certified landfills.
The Agency of Environmental Conservation monitors ground-water
levels in cooperation with the OSGS at a network of observation
wells.
-69-
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STATE: fERMOMT
3.6. 8Ut« Ground-Vater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The state conducts monitoring on Federally mandated
programs such as the Surface Impoundment Assessment
and RCRA permitting programs.
The state conducts special surveys for specific
contaminants (e.g. volatile organics); monitors
known and suspected contamination sites; and
works closely with the EPA at all Superfund sites.
Cooperative study of pesticides in "right of way"
areas — railroad tracks, power lines, etc.
The state conducts routine monitoring of public water
system ground-water sources, as well as monitoring
associated with the Underground Injection Control
and Class V assessment programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-^-^^^ Context
Approaches ~»^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Begulation Ground -
tet«r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X Xa
Xb X X°
Xc
XXX
X X
8State ground-water protection strategy.
^Meetings with regional planning agencies, local officials and citizens under the
208 program to Increase local awareness of ground-water Issues and encourage use
of protective measures.
°State meetings with local officials and citizens' groups to plan and implement
local aquifer protection programs.
-70-
-------
STATE: TERMOIT
4. STATE IMPLBMEMTATIOI Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PIOTECT GROOM) HATER
4.1. Program Status
federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State iBplemwntlog Agency
tBMBual/•otevorthy
Program Gbaracteriatloa
UIC
Delegated
Department of Mater
Resources and
Environmental
Engineering
All 5 well classes
RCRA
Delegated
Phases I and II
Department of Water
Resources and
Environmental
Engineering
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-71-
-------
STATE:
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$270,000
None
Clean Mater Act
Section 205(j)
$119,160 Public water supply recharge area mapping project;
technical aasiatance; study of effect of on-site
disposal on ground water — $24,000.a
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$176,600
None
BCRA •
Section 3011
$219,900/132,700
None
U1C
$1(2,000
Support of recharge area napping program; Class V
Assessments; technical assistance — $20,500.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$69,900
None
'Data for FX 1984 programs.
-72-
-------
STATE: VBBMOn
5. «ATE-OIiaH*TID GROOND-HATBR PBOTECTIOI PIOOB1NS
5.1. Orouad-Hktor Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Vermont Ground-Water Protection Program Is managed by the Department of Utter Resources and
Environmental Engineering. The program implements a policy of minimum degradation through a two-tier
classification system. Protection through the most technically feasible Beans, not correction, is the program's
main objective. Pour goals and ten principles establish a course for ground-water protection and management for
the next 5-10 years.
K 1981 Funding: $36,000
Funding Source: State General Fund
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The state routinely monitors the public water system ground-water sources, and periodically conducts
special surveys for specific contaminants. It also works in conjunction with the Federal government on the
Surface Impoundment Assessment, RCRA permitting, Superfund, Underground Injection Control, and Class V Assessment
programs.
FY 1984 Funding: No breakdown
Funding Source: State General Fund; Safe Drinking Water Act; RCRA; Super fund
5.3. Ground-Water Resource AaaeaasMnt/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Aquifer mapping and the development of aquifer protection areas are conducted by the Department of
Water Resources and Environmental Engineering.
FY 1981 Funding: $10,000
Funding Source: State General Fund; FY 1983 UIC carryover
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-73-
-------
STATE: fBBMOR
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground litter
Description: The state issues ground-water discharge permits. During 1984 the state Issued 113 permits for storm
water infiltration basins and seven permits for curtain drain type discharges of ground-water back to ground
water.
FT 1984 Funding: Mo breakdown
Funding Source: State General Fund
5.6. Septic Mnageaent Program
Description: The state permits septic systems for public buildings, sub-divisions, and larger discharges. The
Vermont On-Slte Program, a private not-for-profit organization, assists local governments to administer single lot
systems permit programs.
FY 1984 Funding: $500,000
Funding Source: State General Fund; user fees
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The state investigates leaks and spills and is seeking statutory authority to control underground
storage tanks.
«' 19BH Funding: No breakdown
Funding Source: RCRA; State General Fund
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Contamination response/investigation programs are established by the Department of Water Resources
and Environmental Engineering.
FY 198U Funding: No breakdown
Funding Source: RCRA
5.9. Other: The state requires the reporting of well drilling.
FY 1984 Funding: 426,000
Funding Source: State General Fund
-74-
-------
REGION II
-------
STATE CHODHP-WATBB PROGRAM SPMM4HT
STATE: RV JERSET
1. MATURE OF THE GROOMD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, area! extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
RegioQ/ProTlnoe A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Triassic Lowlands
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Highlands
HrotAt of st*t« oov«r«d
by this province (estimated)
59*
23*a
Otxsoofioed Aqulfer(s)
Cohansey Sand: variable
transmissiveness, may be
very prolific producer in
areas of sufficient
thickness.
Holly Beach Estuarine
Sands: shallow sand
aquifer used in southern
Cape May County.
Confined Aquifer (a)
The geology of this region
is characterized as an
overlying and overlapping
sequence of southeasterly
dipping and thickening
sediments lying upon
predominantly crystalline
rock. Sands, gravel, silt,
and clay are the dominant
materials composing the
unconsolidated coastal
plain sediments.
Ground water accounts for
approximately 90J of this
region's water supply and
there are four major
aquifer systems:
1. Potomac-Rarltan-
Magothy: oldest,
thickest, most extensive,
and most developed.
2. Englishtown: thin,
low transmissivity, clay
and silt sediments,
limited producing
capacities.
3. Mount Laurel-Wenonah:
thin, low transmissivity,
and consistent thickness
of the water producing
facies.
H. Kirkwood: highly
variable lithology and
transmissivity, limited
development in some areas,
but highly developed in
coastal barrier islands,
found in most areas of
Coastal Plain.
The region consists of
glacial aquifers composed
of outwashed and
stratified drift, limited
to existing northern
valleys. The geology
consists of sedimentary
and igneous rocks as well
as unconsolidated glacial
deposits. The region is
dominated by red shale
containing intersecting
fractures and joint
systems, which allow
ground-water storage and
flow to occur.
This region consists of
glacial aquifers composed
of outwashed and stratified
drift, limited to existing
northern valleys. This
region is characterized
primarily by Precambrian
gneisses and quartzites, as
well as Paleozoic
sedimentary sandstone,
shale, siltstone, limestone,
and conglomerate layers, as
well as unconsolidated
glacial deposits.
The Precambrian gneisses
are generally less
productive rock aquifers
due to their tight Joint
and fracture systems; the
Paleozoic sedimentary rock
aquifers can be productive
for local use.
One major exception is the
Kittatinny formation which j
contains prolific water-
bearing zones in rock
cavities.
^Estimate.
-75-
-------
STATE: MEN JESSEI
1.2. Prlaary Daes of Ground Hater aa Paroent of Total Usage
(toe
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Otber (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
62 16
22 5
5a 1
11b 3
100 25
Irrigation.
^Livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Mater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems6 Hells6 Total
kf.%
4,021,000
80f the 622 Community Public Hater Systems, 558 obtain their supplies from
ground-water sources.
bAn estimated 200 households in New Jersey rely on domestic wells.
-76-
-------
STATE: IBM JBBSBX
2.1. Sources (
mjor aouroea of oontaadmtion and rank top four — 1 « Boat serious,
2 * next avat aerlous, etc.)
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal land f ilia
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Cbeok Bank
X 1
X
X 3
X
X 2
X
X 1
Source deck Rank
Injection wells
X
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify):
Illegal dumping; improperly construe ted /abandoned wells; acid
drainage; animal feed lots; leaky sanitary sewer lines; nine
and tailings; abandoned impoundments; and drainage wells and
X
X
X
X
X
Bine
spoil piles
sumps 4
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:8
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:13
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals0
X
X
X
X
X
_J_
X
X
Radioactive material*1 __x_..
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)6 X
Notes: The state of New Jersey has provided a detailed and comprehensive list of contaminating substances. The
list below includes only a portion of the full list.
•includes chlorinated hydrocarbons, cyanide, ethanol wastes, explosives (TNT), flammable solvents, halogenated
solvents, oil, miscellaneous organics, and phenol.
Includes ammonium salts, arsenic, fluoride, lead solvents, phosphorus, and selenium.
Includes barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel,
silver, vanadium, and zinc.
dIncludes radium.
^Includes biological waste.
-77-
-------
arm: nv JBBSBT
3. STATB OBOONO-HATKR HAIAOEMBIT STROCTORB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General utter pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Statute BaM/lo.
Sea ground-water quality.
1977 New Jeraey Water Pollution
Control Act
New Jersey Solid Waste Management
Act
New Jersey Solid Waste Management
Act
1977 New Jeraey Water Pollution
Control Act
1947 Ground-Water Law
1961 Water Supply Management Act
Description of Authority Pertainiag
to Qrouad-Mater Protection
Protects both the surface and ground
waters from contamination through the
New Jeraey Pollution Discharge
Elimination System Permit Program.
Permitted facilities include all those
which: discharge pollutants to ground
water; use land application of
residuals; use land application of
municipal and industrial waste waters;
discharge leachate into the ground water
from facilities under the jurisdiction
of the Solid Waste Management Act; store
any liquid or solid pollutant, in a
significant quantity, in a manner
designed to keep it from entering the
waters of the state (e.g., chemical and
oil storage tanks); or discharge
pollutants into wells.
Gives the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection the authority
to regulate the generation, transport,
treatment, storage and disposal of
hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
Same as above.
Moratorium on uranium mining statewide.
Gives the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection the power to
regulate water withdrawals in the state,
as well as requiring well permits.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy In existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
X
-78-
-------
STATE I IIV JBUIT
3.8.8. Development of OrouDd-tater PoUoy
3.8.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development proocsi?
lesjL Mo
3.2.8.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Ntw Jersey Department of Environmental Promotion, Division of water
Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development prooess (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, eta.):
Th« M«w Jtraty Water Pollution Control Aet regulates and preteota the aurfaoe and ground water of the
state fi*JB contamination through the Pollutant Disoharge Eliaination System Permit Program. Permits are required
from all facilities which contribute to ground-water discharge through direct discharge, wells, and leaohate, land
applications of municipal and industrial waste waters, and the storage of liquid or solid pollutants in large
quantities.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: Policy is between non-degradation and limited degradation; the entire state is designated as a protected
ground-water area.
3.2.4. Policy ClaMifioation
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.11.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Four classes are distinguished based on total dissolved solids.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
For potable supply use, standards for ground-water clean-up, as permits for ongoing discharges, and for
regulatory purposes In the central pine barren critical area.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Nutrients, metals, and organics.
-79-
-------
STATE: IEV JEHSEI
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Bureau of Ground-
Water Discharge
Permits
New Jersey
Geological Survey
Bureau of Water
Supply
Bureau of Water
Allocation
Bureau of Potable
Water
Department of
Environmental
Protection,
Division of Water
Resources
Department of
Environmental
Protection
Department of
Environmental
Protection, Bureau
of Pesticide Control
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
X
X
DIC?
X
X
X
X
X
P¥Sb
X
X
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
X
X
,
i
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
X
X
X
X
Protec-
tion
froa
Road
De-icing
X
X
X
Other
X*
xe
xf
X*
X»
X*
xJ
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS r Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dConducts comprehensive program for permitting discharges to ground water; provides high technical expertise In geology,
soils, and ground water.
eProvides technical support for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; includes the Ground-Water Pollution
Program, the Ground-Water Resources Evaluation Program, and the Geology and Topography Programs.
^Administers the various planning programs set forth in the statewide Water Supply Master Plan under the Water Supply
Management Act.
^Issues water allocations, well permits, and well drillers licenses.
"Manages work programs and activities to ensure a desirable and effective comprehensive statewide drinking water
program. (Not a direct ground-water agency.)
^Performs enforcement activities: identification and mitigation of ground-water contamination sources, permit compliance
monitoring inspections and compliance activities.
•^Coordinating agency.
-80-
-------
STATE: IBM JERSEY
3.*. Xotcr-Ageaoy agreements
Toploa
Protection of apeoifio aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Aquifer study/monitoring
Cteok if
applicable
X
X
X
X
X
X
Daaoriptloo of AgreeaMots
and Agencies
Delaware River Basin Commission.
The Bureau of Ground -Water Discharge Permits, Enforcement
Regions , USGS, Bureau of Water Supply, and the Division of Waste
Management work together to investigate and follow up on ground-
water contamination problems when responding to contamination of
potable supply wells. The Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge
Permits i Enforcement Regions, and the Bureau of Water Supply
work together to identify pollution sources through
investigation of area industries.
The Division of Water Resources/EPA under the underground water
resource protection program.
The Division of Water Reaourcea, the Diviaion of Waste
Management, the Delaware River Basin Commission, and EPA.
The New Jersey Geological Survey, the Bureau of Water
Allocation, the Delaware River Basin Commission, and USGS
maintain a close cooperative relationship in order to exchange
information and expertiae.
The Division of Water Resources has a cooperative agreement
with USGS to maintain a statewide long-term salt water intrusion
monitoring network. Other cooperative programs with USGS
provide for aquifer studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Vater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, water supply
studies, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify) :
Water supply
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The New Jersey Geological Survey gathers information regarding
the characteristics of the state's aquifers, and to develop
hydrogeologlcal maps.
The New Jersey Geological Survey determines the extent and
distribution of the various geological formations and assesses
ground-water quantity and quality.
The Divisions of Water Resources and Waste Management conduct
specialized testing to provide accurate assessments of pollution
sites. At least once per year the Diviaion of Water Resources,
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection conducts
compliance evaluation and sampling inspections at approximately
34 hazardous waste facilities subject to ground-water monitoring
requirements. Follow-up enforcement action is initiated as
necessary by the Division of Water Resources. The New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection receives Federal funds
under the RCRA grant work plan to conduct the above activities.
Water supply feasibility studies at Camden, Atlantic City, and
South River are administered by the Bureau of Water Supply.
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STATE: «EW JERSEY
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Pragru
Tjppea of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous Haste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring9
Other:
Department of
Transportation
New Jersey Pollutant
Discharge
Elimination System
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Division of Water Resources monitors water quality
around non-hazardous landfills, and reports potential
and actual contamination to the Division of Waste
Management's Enforcement Agency. The Bureau of Ground-
Water Discharge Permits Issues permits and the
Enforcement Element conducts compliance monitoring at
all discharge sites.
The Division of Water Resources issues NJPDE5 permits
and conducts compliance evaluation and sampling
inspections at hazardous waste land disposal
facilities in order to ensure that ground-water
monitoring systems are designed, constructed, and
operated so as to prevent any discharges onto the
land and into the ground and surface waters.
Follow-up enforcement action is taken by the New
Jersey Department of Environmental Protection as
necessary. The Division of Waste Management monitors
through CERCLA and the State Spill Fund and both the
Division of Water Resources and the Division of Waste
Management monitor water quality under RCRA.
The Division of Water Resources has a cooperative
agreement with USGS.
The Division of Environmental Quality.
The Division of Water Resources has a cooperative
agreement with USGS to monitor aquifer levels and
water quality.
The Bureau of Quality Control monitors for contaminating
substances likely to be found as a result of DOT road
construction.
Discharge of pollutants to the ground water or onto land
which might flow into state waters must be monitored
according to the New Jersey Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NJPDES) requirements.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
X
X
Bame of
Database
(Specify)
RAMIS
RAM1S
STORET
STORET
(EPA
System)
RAMIS
aThe Bureau of Monitoring and Data Management conducts ground-water monitoring at 100 stations to supplement the
surface water program. Other monitoring is conducted by the Office of Science and Research, and the New Jersey
Geological Survey.
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STATE: BW JBRSET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
— -^^(Context
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens1 advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
ihur Permit adoption, Mater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
Xa
X X X X
XXX
XX X
aHearing for the application of diversion permits is required of anyone planning to
withdraw ground water at a rate over 100,000 gallons per day. NJPDES may also result
in a public hearing.
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STATE: BV JBISET
4. STaW XWUHUTITIM Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program Statua
Federal
Statue of Program Deleft*
itlc
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
PrograB
OIC
Oepartaent of Environmental
Protection, Division of Water
Resources, Geological Survey
Element, and the Water
Quality Management Element
Under the direction of the
Geological Survey Element, the
Water Quality Management, and the
Water Supply Enforcement Element,
New Jersey has defined hydro-
geologic systems, by recharge
rate, and developed geophysical
techniques to delineate aquifers
using seismic depth capabilities.
The Bureau of Ground-Water
Discharge Permitting issues NJPDES
permits for UIC activities.
RCRA
Not delegated, authorization
pending
Phase II, delegated
Final delegation expected
to occur in Feburary 1985
Department of Environmental
Protection, Water Quality
Management, Enforcement
Elements
Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge
Permitting issues NJPDES permits
for TSD facilities.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Protection, Division of
Water Resources
Pesticides Delegated
Enforcement
Department of Environmental
Protection-Bureau of
Pesticide Control
-8A-
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STATE: UCV JBRSBT
4.2. Grant Statua
(tout
FI 19&5 Allocation
Specific Ground-Utter
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$1,470,000 Routine ambient Monitoring wells.
Well permits reporting and compliance inspections.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$1,999,
No ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
17,997,600
No ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$2,492,000 Ground-water activities involve land disposal
(Federal and permitting activities totaling 13.5 man-years at
Non-Federal) $5^0,000. This work effort also includes a review of
closure plans and ground-water monitoring systems at
3H RCRA facilities.
UIC
,633
(Federal and
Non-Federal)
Data processing activities.
Issue UIC permits, Class V well permits.
Identification and delineation of underground sources
of drinking water — mapping glacial aquifers.
Conduct UIC inspections.
Enforcement of the UIC program.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$132,000
No ground-water activities.
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8Tm t RV JIR8IY
f. JT1TB-OUOXUTID 0MOIP-MTII PWTICTJOI PIOOUM3
5.1. ONuad-Hhter
(Inoludiag ground-water quality standard a and classification)
Deaerlptioni Onder the New Jersey Water Pollution Control Act of 1981, tht state must: Niter* , enhance, and
maintain tht waters of the state; protect public htalthi protect potable water supplies; enhance domestic,
recreational i induatrial, and other uata of mt«r; and pravant and control watar pollution. Tba oantarplaoa of
tha water pollution oontrol prograa la tha Haw Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System Paralt Program. Thia
program requires faa-baaad permits for all facilities which hava an Impact on tha atata'a ground watar, including
faeilitlM which: discharge pollutante to (round watar; uaa land applioation of raaidualai uaa land application
of Buniolpal and induatrial waata watarei discharge leaohate; atora any liquid or aolid pollutants j and diaoharga
pollutanta Into walla.
FY, 1984 Funding!
Funding Source: Paralt faaa, RCRA, DIG, atata ganaral ravanua funda
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description i Monitoring programs include i
1. NJDEP, DWR, Bureau of Monitoring and Data Management — Conducts ground-water monitoring to aupplement the
division's cooperative aurfaoa watar prograa with USOS. The bureau ia alao involved in promoting communication
among agencies which do not hava monitoring programs or are interested in existing programs. The Bureau has alao
aaalatad aub-state agencies in creating their own monitoring programs.
2. NJDEP, DWR, Bureau of Potable Vater — Thia bureau has a threefold ground-water monitoring program: when
requested they test for contamination of drinking water walla (tap water); test raw water from new ground-water
public supplies; and inspects all water supply ooapany wells and municipal supply wells. The bureau collects
approximately 300 to 500 ground-water samples per year. Generally, these wells are aampled for pH, hardness,
heavy metals, and volatile organioa.
3. NJDEP, DWR, Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge Permits — The monitoring required for landfills, RCRA, UIC, and
non-hazardous discharges by the permits of the New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System is determined by
this bureau. In addition, this section ia responsible for the Individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems
Regulations (Chapter 199) and will perform courtesy reviews for local government agencies.
*« NJDEP, Office of Science and Research — One purpose of this office's monitoring program is to examine the
state's ground water for toxic chemicals. The data generated by this office, are in the process of being entered
into the STORE! computer system.
5. New Jersey Department of Transportation, Bureau of Quality Control — This bureau conducts specific ground-
water tests at DOT construction sites in compliance with existing construction regulations. Only those parameters
likely to be present as a result of construction are monitored.
6. Other ground-water monitoring programs are conducted by: the Enforcement Element, the Water Supply and
Watershed Management Administration, the Division of Waste Management, and the New Jersey Geological Survey.
7. In addition to the above, eight county agencies are planning or have instituted ambient ground-water quality
monitoring programs.
FY 196K Funding:
Funding Source: Permit fees, tax surcharge, water bond, RCRA, VIC, state general revenue funds
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Asaesaaeot/Aqulfer Study /Mapping
Description: The New Jersey Geological Survey studies various geological formations to gather information
regarding the characteristics, water quality, and quantity of the state's aquifers. Aquifer maps and models are
also developed. Specialized testing is conducted at pollution sites in order to make accurate assessments of the
source and extent of the contamination. Agency activity consists of three bureaus: the Water Pollution Analysis,
the Ground-Water Resource Evaluation Analysis Program, and the Geologic and Topography Program. A 1981 Water
Board provided funds to get five major hydrogeologic settings re-assessed by 1989.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: General state revenue funds, 1981 water bond, and UIC
-86-
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STATE: BV JERSEY
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FT 19M Funding:
Funding Source:
5.5. PwBita/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, under the New Jersey Water Pollution Control
Act, requires fee-based permits for all facilities which discharge pollutants to the ground waters. The program
conducted by the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Potable Water alas protection of the quality of
drinking water; regulations control the location, construction, and abandonment of water wells to prevent
contamination.
FY. 198t Funding:
Funding Source: State general revenue funds, NJPDES fees
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Septic Disposal Regulations are being completed as part of the statewide Solid Waste Management
Plan; the Bureau of Ground-Water Discharge Permits is responsible for the individual Subsurface Sewage Disposal
Systems regulations. Under this program the bureau will assist local governments in the regulation of septic
tanks.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: State general revenue funds, NJPDES fees
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System requires fee-based permits for the storage of
any hazardous liquid or pollutant, in a significant quantity, in a manner designed to keep it from entering the
waters of the state. Legislation has been proposed to regulate underground storage of non-hazardous materials.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: State general revenue fund, NJPDES fees
5.8. Contamination Response Prograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The monitoring and clean-up of spills and illegal discharges to ground water are by the Department
of Environmental Protection.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: State Spill Fund, state general revenue fund
5.9. Other:
Application Tracking System: The NJFDES permit utilizes the RAM1S system as an application tracking system, which
maintains records of compliance with the Division of Waste Management and NJPDES requirements, including
submission of reports on ground-water quality.
Enforcement: The Enforcement Element of the Division of Water Resources conducts a program which includes ground-
water contamination source identification and mitigation, permit compliance monitoring inspections, and other
compliance activities.
Lab Certification: NJDEP, Office of Quality Assurance.
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STATE CBODMD-lfATEH PROGRAM SOMMART
STATE: IBH IOBK
1. UTOBE V THE OBOUID-VATEB BBSODBCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Begion/ProTince A:
Northeast/Adirondacks
Physiographic
Begion/ProTince B:
Southern
Physiographic
Begion/Province C:
Adirondack Rim/Central
Percent of state covered
by tbls province (estimated)
ObeooflMd Aqulfer(a)
Crystalline rocks outcrop
almost exclusively in two
areas of the state. The
largest portion is found
in the northeast, where a
blocky mass of granite,
gneiss, and schist forms
the Adirondack Mountains.
The other major outcrop
area occurs in the south-
east, where crystalline
rocks underlie most of
New York City and its
northern suburbs. The
component rocks are
primarily metamorphosed
sedimentary and igneous
units and are the oldest
in New York. Host have
been subject to many
periods of deformation and
recrystallization.
Despite the complex
geology and structure of
the crystalline rocks,
they exhibit very similar
water-bearing character-
istics, and can be lumped
into one hydrogeologic
unit. The crystalline
rock aquifer is
acknowledged to be the
least productive bedrock
unit in the state.
Shale, slate, and a low-
rank metamorphosed rock,
usually described as
schist, covers the
southern part of New York,
from the north part of
Lake Erie to the coast,
with the exception of New
York City and Long
Island. Shale is the
predominant unit, but
interbeds of sandstone,
limestone, and
evaporites commonly
occur.
Sandstone constitutes the
upper bedrock surface over
two broad areas: in the
northeastern region
flanking the northern limit
of the Adirondacks, and in
the central region forming
an upland area skirting
the southeast shore of Lake
Ontario. Isolated sand-
stone units occur in the
extreme east-central
region of the state in the
Taconic Mountains east of
Albany, and in the south-
eastern region in Rockland
County. As with the
crystalline and shale
aquifers, the frequency of
fractures, faults, and
bedding planes, along with
a good source of recharge,
primarily determine yield
of wells of sandstone
aquifers. Where the
material cementing sand
grains is calcitic,
solution channels often
increase permeability.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-88-
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STATE: UV YORK
1. MATURE OP TBB GROUID-VATBR IBSODRCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Charaetarlstioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e.) formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Percent of state covered
by tola province (eatlBated)
Dttflon 1*1 mid Aflul Furfff )
Confined Aquifer (s)
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Western/Central/Southeast
Physiographic Physiographic
Region/Province E: Region/Province P:
Coastal Plain
There are three major
carbonate rock areas
in New York: limestone,
dolomite, and marble.
The first area outcrops
on the flanks of the
Adlrondacks in the
northeast .
A second important
carbonate-rook area
occura as two bands
10 to 20 miles apart
across the western and
central portions of the
state. The southernmost
band can be traced east-
ward to the Hudson Biver
Valley, where it flanks
the northeastern
Catskllls and trends
southwest toward the
juncture of New York, New
Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
Along most of its length,
this band is a very
important aquifer because
it often is the best-
producing aquifer in an
area of questionable
surface-water quality.
A third area of the state
in which carbonate rock is
the principal bedrock
aquifer is in the south-
east sector. Here, the
carbonates associated with
Appalachian mountain-
building have been
metamorphosed to varying
degrees .
The area of the most
extensive sand and gravel
deposits is the Coastal
Plain of Long Island and
lower Staten Island.
Here, the bedrock is
overlain by deposits of
Cretaceoua age, which in
turn are capped by
Pleistocene sediments.
This aquifer system is
comprised of four major
water-bearing zones more
or less separated by
confining beds. Several
other areas are found in
the state in which
productive sand and gravel
aquifers also afford
large-scale diversions.
In the Lake Champlain-
Upper Hudson River Basin,
along the lower Hudson
River Valley (a band
along the eastern border
30 miles wide), and
throughout the central and
western portions of the
state, sand and gravel
are found in the major
drainage systems,
especially those trending
north-south.
Notes: The other type of unconsolidated glacial deposit present, which is extensive, is till. The till deposits
vary from a few to several hundred feet thick. Till is not considered to be a productive aquifer other than for
domestic supplies.
-39-
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STiTE: IBV TORE
1.2. Primary Daea of Ground Hater ma Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Cooling
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
n/a 88.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
i
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
31 .2%
5,729,000
Domestic
Hells
13*
2,263,000
Total
43.2*
7,992,000
Notes: Roughly half of the state's ground-water-dependent population resides on
Long Island, which contains Nassau and Suffolk Counties and the Burroughs of
Brooklyn and Queens in New York City.
-90-
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STATE: BEK TORK
2.1. Sources (Cheek Major aouroes of oontaal
2 • next Boat aerloua, etc.)
.nation and ruik top four «*- 1 * Boat serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X 5
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments )
Other landfills X
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 1
tanks
Other (specify):
Hazardous material X 2
leaks and spills
Municipal and X 3
Industrial waste-
water treatment
plant effluent
and small leaks
and spills
associated with
facility house-
keeping
Source Cheek Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X 4
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
-91-
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STATB: BV YOU
2.2. OoBtaalaatiag Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic X*
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
I
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
X°
_*L
*The Boat significant ground-utter quality program la organic chemical contamination. To date, some 70 Long
Island and some 19 upstate public water supply wells have been closed due to such contamination. The
group of organios found most commonly in water supply wells are the halogenated organic solvents —
triohloroethylene, tatraohloroethylene, and 1,1,1 trichloroethane.
''High nitrate levels have been found in wells on Long Island and in some upstate locations. Nitrate contamination
is related to fertilizer use (both sgricultural and domestic) and to on-lot septic systems. Serious nitrate
contamination is not widespread in New York, but may be a problem in some specific areas, e.g., Long Island.
°Pesticide contamination of ground water is extensive on eastern Long Island. Recent findings indicate that
pesticides could also be a threat in upstate areas. Further Investigation of the potential pesticide
contamination of upstate ground waters will be required.
Numerous instances have been recorded of localized well contamination by gasoline and petroleum product
constituents as well as other hazardous material leaks or spills. In addition to the threat to public water
supplies, petroleum product constituents are the most commonly reported type of organic contamination of private
household-type wells.
-92-
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STATE: IBW YORK
3. STATE GROOMMIATBR MANAGEMENT STRDCTORB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored toy Statute
Statute laae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control
Public Water Supply
Water Resources
Management
PHI, Article 11: Public Water
Supplies, Sewerage and Sewage
Control
ECL, Article 17:
Control
Water Pollution
ECL, Article 15: Water Resources
Authorizes the Commissioner of Health to promul
gate rules and regulations for the protection
from contamination of any or all public water
supplies.
i
Authorizes the Commissioner to promulgate rules
and regulations as required, to prevent pol-
lution of the waters of the state, to provide
for the measuring of the effect of discharges to
water, and to establish a water quality sur-
veillance network to Beet the needs of the
state. This article Includes the statutory
authority for the SPDES permit program and the
statutory authority for water quality classi-
fications and standards.
Provides the Department of Environmental Con-
servation broad authority to regulate and manage
the water resources within the state. It
provides for water supply permits, comprehensive
water resources planning, and such studies as
may be necessary to provide for the proper
conservation development, regulation, and use of
the water resource.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Sole Source Aquifer Incompatible
Use Law (17 ECL 15)
The legislation which expands the Federal SSA
program to further protect major aquifer re-
charge areas to Insure non-degradation.
Solid waste
ECL, Article 27
Authorizes the Department of Environmental Con-
servation to promulgate regulations to prevent
pollution cauaed by hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes. This encompasses the transfer, proc-
essing, recovery, reclamation, and disposal of
solid wastes, and also includes measures
addressing both active and inactive waste
disposal sites.
Hazardous waste
ECL, Article 27
See "Solid waste."
Mining
ECL, Article 23
Establishes the Mined Land Program.
Oil and gas
ECL, Article 23
Establishes the Gas and Oil Regulatory Program.
Other (specify):
Bulk storage
ECL, Article 17, Title 10
Oil spills
Pesticides
Projects/critical areas
I
ECL, Article 12
ECL, Article 33
ECL, Article 8: Environmental
Quality Review Act
This legislation deals with a thorough over-
view of controlling the threat of spills and
leaks from both above ground and underground
storage tanks, including leak and spill de-
tection, ongoing testing and inspection, in-
ventory compilation, and creation of a state
petroleum bulk storage advisory council.
Establishes the Oil Spill Prevention, Control,
and Compensation Program.
Establishes the State Pesticide Regulatory
Program.
Requires that environmental factors be con-
sidered for actions that are directly under-
taken, funded, or approved by state, regional
and local agencies.
-93-
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STATE:
IV TOBK
3.2. «UU Oround-Vatar Policy
3.2.1. SUtua
Ground water covered under
general atate statutes
Specific atate statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground -water quality
Policy under development
QMok
X
X
X
-94-
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Yes _X_ Mo
STATE: BV TOW
3.2.2. DsrrelopBcnt of Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering ooamittee: Department of Environmental Conservation
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Developed Long Island and Upstate Oround-Hater Management Plans under Section 206 grants.
3.2.3. Cnaraotarlatloa of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
N on -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The State of New York has utilized the following "elements of philosophy" in the development of the Draft
Statewide Ground-Water Management Program: 1) protect and conserve ground water for best usage as drinking water
supply; 2) address quantity as well as quality concerns; 3) emphasize problem prevention; 4) target the ground-
water program to most effectively use available problem resources by forming special emphasis on critical, high
yield aquifer systems; and 5) encourage state/local partnership for regulation/management.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
No
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Class "GA": The best usage of Class "GA" waters is as a source of potable water supply. Class "GA" waters are
fresh ground waters found in the saturated zone of unconsolidated deposits and consolidated rock or bedrock.
Class "GSA": The best usage of Class "GSA" waters is as a source of potable mineral waters, for conversion to
fresh potable waters, or as raw material for the manufacture of sodium chloride or its derivatives or similar
products. Such waters are saline waters found in the saturated zone.
Class "GSB": The best usage of Class "GSB" waters is as a receiving water for disposal of wastes. Such waters
are those saline waters found in the saturated zone which have a chloride concentration in excess of 1,000
milligrams per liter or a total dissolved solids concentration in excess of 2,000 milligrams per liter.
All fresh ground waters in the state are classified as "OA," reflecting the policy that the best usage
of fresh ground water in the state is for sources of potable supply.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3*2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Numerical standards for Class "GA" ground waters are identified for 83 pollutants, Including various
metals, chloride, foaming agents, nitrate, pH, numerous pesticides, and some organic solvents.
Effluent limitations are identified for a similar list of substances, and are applicable to all point
sources of pollution. In addition, no discharge is allowed which would preclude the best usage of Class "GA*1
waters.
Beyond these two sets of standards, Class "GA" waters are also required to attain the most stringent
of: 1) maximum contaminant levels for drinking water promulgated by the New York State Commissioner of Health as
found In 10NYCRR, Subpart 5-1, Public Water Supplies; 2) maximum contaminant levels for drinking water promulgated
by the USEPA Administrator and the Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523); and 3) standards for raw water quality
promulgated by the Commissioner of Health as found in 10NYCRR 170, Sources of Water Supply. DOH staff are
currently in the process of establishing drinking water standards for a selected group of toxic organics which
have been found most commonly in the state's ground waters. These Include: Trlchloroethylene,
Tetrachloroethylene, Carbofuran, Vinyl Chloride, Aldicarb, PCBs, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, and Fuel Oil (Total
Hydrocarbon).
-95-
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STATE: IEV TORI
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
sut«
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Conservation
Department of
Health*
Department of
Transportation
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
01 C*
PBb
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
X
Other
X
X
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS s Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Responsibilities include setting ambient water quality standards, conducting aquifer management strategies monitoring,
maintaining problem inventory, conducting source controls environmental reviews, and managing the incident response
program.
Responsibilities include setting public drinking water standards, monitoring, maintaining problem inventory, regulating
on-lot systems, and enforcing waterbed rules and regulations.
Spill response.
-96-
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SI AW: BV TOBK
3.4. Xnter-Afleaey
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incident!
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Not specified
Check If
applicable
Z
X
X
Description of Agreements
and agencies
Memorandum of Understanding with Long Island Regional
Planning Board.
Cooperative agreements between the Department of Environmental
Conservation, Department of Health and USGS have allowed USGS
to produce numerous assessments and mapping of ground waters.
The Department of Environmental Conservation and the Department
of Health have overlapping responsibilities and, there fore, work
closely with each other (for example, a joint committee for
review of proposed changes in standards).
Many Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and
Department of Health (DOH) programs are Implemented by local
health departments.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Most of the state has been studied under the Federal-State
cooperative program (mostly reconnaissance studies). Recent
studies include the detailed mapping of valley aquifers
throughout the state and ground-water modeling studies on Long
Island. Cooperative agreements between DEC/DOH and USGS have
allowed USGS to produce numerous assessments and mapping of
ground waters. The projects are continuing, and it is expected
by late 1984, all 18 upstate primary aquifers will be mapped at
the 1:24,000 scale.
Compliance evaluation inspections performed at approximately
45 hazardous waste facilities subject to ground-water
monitoring requirements at least once per year. Follow-up
enforcement action is Initiated as necessary. State receives
Federal funds under RCRA grant work plan to conduct these
activities.
|
-97-
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ST1TE: IEV TORI
3.6. State Ground-teter Monitoring Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Subsurface waste
d ischargers
Domestic/Public
wells
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Department of Environmental Conservation,
Division of Solid Haste la requiring ground-water
monitoring for all hazardous/toxic waste sites and
newly developed or expanded sanitary landfills.
Monitoring requirements at existing landfills are
being implemented through the permit process as they
are renewed. Presently, approximately 160 of the
little more than 500 landfills within the state are
required to monitor the ground water. Over the next
three to four years, the remaining landfills will be
required to Implement a monitoring program when their
operating permit is renewed.
(Also see Non-hazardous waste sites). The Department
of Health requires periodic sampling to be carried
out by public water purveyors at the point of use or
wellhead. Prior to the late 1970s, sampling was
confined primarily to the Inorganic chemical and to
a lesser extent the radiological contaminants.
NYSDOH also requires sampling at the time of new well
development, as part of the approval process under the
Public Water Supply Permit Program.
The USGS often Includes chlorides sampling as part
of various area or site-specific ground-water
investigations.
New York has received (7/84) a Section 18 exemption
for Kryocide in order to control the Colorado Potato
Beetle. This exemption requires that New York develop
a ground-water monitoring program to assess the impact
of the Kryocide application.
The USGS often Includes quality sampling as part
of various area or site-specific ground-water
investigations.
Dischargers are required to monitor the effluent for
parameters specified in their wastewater discharge
permit.
NYSDOH has conducted numerous inorganic chemical
sampling surveys resulting in an extensive inorganic
chemical data base. More recently, greater emphasis
has been placed on organics sampling through both the
requirements on water purveyors and NYSDOH special
sampling surveys. To date, roughly 2,000 of the
approximately 8,000 wells serving upstate public
supplies have had organics analyses performed.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
•tun of
Database
(Specify)
I
1
-98-
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STATE: BH YORK
3.7. State
for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearts, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
«BUr Permit Adoption, Hater
laaues iMuance Changes Strategy Other
X* X* Xb
X*
Xa
Xa
Xa Xc'd
&The Department of Environmental Conservation has established a public participation program for RCRA.
''The Department of Environmental Conservation has established a public participation program for the Upstate
Ground-Water Management Program.
cThe curriculum development effort already initiated on Long Island by the New York State Legislative Commission
on Water Resources Needs of Long Island will serve as a "pilot study" for a similar curriculum development effort
for the Upstate area.
dThe Department of Environmental Conservation, in consultation with the Department of Health, Cornell, and the
DSGS, will develop a public education program for ground water. The program Includes the development of
appropriate pamphlets and brochures for distribution through interested agencies and a slide presentation which
can be presented by interested agencies.
Notes: It should also be noted that most of the public participation activity in the ground-water area is
consolidated in existing programs, e.g., the state Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program requires certain
wastewater dischargers that discharge Into the ground water to apply for a permit. This permitting process has
associated with it public participation activities. Therefore, ground-water activities may be overlooked if one
only considers the major state programs and not the specific elements that make up that program.
-99-
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STATE: NEW TORI
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Pragma
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Mot delegated
Department of Environmental
Conservation
New York has ita own regulations
on financial responsibility on
plugging and abandonment of
injection wells under Article 23.
RCRA
Phase I interim authorization
program delegated (December
27, 1983). Target date for
delegation of final
authorization is April 1986.
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Regulates waste oil and PCB's as
hazardous wastes.
Companies in Brooklyn, Queens, and
Long Island that accumulate
hazardous waste on-site for less
than 90 days are not exempt from
complying with interim status
standards or the safe management
of hazardous waste. Compliance
with such standards affords
additional protection of the sole
source aquifer utilized by the
above locales.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health, Bureau
of Public Water Supply
Protection
Pesticides Delegated
Enforcement
Department of Environmental
Conservation
New York has received (as of July
1981) a Section 18 exemption for
Kryocide in order to control the
Colorado Potatoe Beetle. This
exemption requires that New York
develop a ground-water monitor-
ing program to assess the impact
of Kryocide application. The
program has not yet been
developed.
-100-
-------
ST1TR: BH XOBK
4.2. Grant Statua
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$2,990,000 State FY 1981/85 ground-water tasks funded partially
$279,700 under 106, 205(g), 205(J), and general atate purpose
State Match: $7,557,270 funds Include:
Coordinate ground-water Incident response programs
Response to spills
Conduct toxic hotspot trackdowns
Design and conduct monitoring network
Manage USGS cooperative programs
Support/conduct special projects
Geological consultations
Hydrological flow analyses
Model ground-water networks
Complete 208 projects
Develop sole-source Incompatible Use Program
Develop regional aquifer management strategies
Oversee 205(J) ground-water grants to local agencies
Bulk storage control programs
Long Island mapping and yield projects
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$2,711,360
Same as listed above.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$10,857,110
Same as listed above.
RCRA
Section 3011
Federal: $2,399,900 Ground-water activities: $100,000 total $75,000 Federal
State: $799,970 o Evaluate ground-water assessment plans (e.g., from
April 1, 1983, to March 30, 1981, New York expects
to review 20 ground-water monitoring assessment
reports).
o Review, semi-annually, ground-water reports for at
least 15 permitted facilities.
UIC
$251,300
Direct EPA program implementation.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$260,000
No ground-water activities.
-101-
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STATE: BV YORE
5. 3T1TE-08IGHATED OBOUID-HATER PROTECTION PIOORAMS
5.1. Oround-ltoter Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and olasolfioation)
Description: The draft Upstate New York Ground-Water Management Program and the Long Island Ground-Water
Management Program identify ground-water resources, ground-water contaminants, and enable an overview of all
regulatory programs (Federal, state, local), resource management hazardous materials (storage/handling), non-point
sources, oritloal area protection programs, response/remediation and public participation. They also include
ground-water classification.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The Department of Health requires periodic sampling to be carried out by public water purveyors.
Numerous inorganic chemical sampling surveys have been conducted. The Division of Solid Waste has been
Implementing ground-water monitoring requirements on all hazardous/toxic waste sites and newly-developed or
expanded sanitary landfills. Deep-well injection and identified ground-water contamination sites are monitored.
Very little ambient ground-water monitoring has been conducted in upstate New York. The OSGS often includes
quality sampling as part of various investigations. It should also be noted that on Long Island county agencies
have monitoring responsibility.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Most of the state has been studied under the Federal-State Cooperative Program (mostly
reconnaissance studies). Recent studies Include the detailed mapping of valley aquifers throughout the state and
ground-water modeling studies of Long Island. The plans are to develop and refine Long Island aquifer maps.
FY 1984 Funding: Cooperative agreements between the Department of Environmental Conservation/Department of Health
and the USGS have resulted in numerous ground-water assessments and mappings by the USGS. It Is expected by late
1981 that all 18 upstate primary aquifers will be mapped.
Funding Source: FY 1981 — $50,000 — Section 106
5.*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The New York Department of Environmental Conservation administers the pesticides enforcement
program. New York has received a Section 18 exemption for Kryocide in order to control the Colorado Potato
Settle. This exemption requires New York to develop a ground-water monitoring program to assess the Impact of the
Kryocide application. This program has not yet been developed.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-102-
-------
STATE: BEN YORK
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Mater
Description: One county has taken measures to control ground-water contamination from road salt through
resolutions, funding incentives, and a 208 plan manual, "Highway Deioing." In addition, wastewater dischargers
into the ground Mater are required to have a discharge permit, similar to those of surface water dischargers.
Other major program areas that have control over discharges are the Oil and Qaa Hell Regulatory Program and the
operation of landfills.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Suffolk and Nassau County Health Departments have programs underway to study and regulate on-
site septic systems and related activities to those systems.
FT. 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Doderground Storage Tank Programs
Description: New York developed the Bulk Storage Program under Section 208 through various technical documents
and legislation for controlling the storage of materials. Current activities are for implementing program
recommendations by the Department of Environmental Conservation.
FY 1984 Funding: Legislation for the Control of the Bulk Storage of Petroleum ECL, Article 17, Title 10X deals
with a thorough overview of controlling the threat of spills and leaks from both above-ground and underground
storage tanks. It includes leak/spill detection, ongoing testing-inspection, inventory control, and the creation
of a state petroleum bulk storage advisory council.
A few local governments in upstate New York have begun to explore new bulk storage laws of their own.
Funding Source: $50,000 — Section 106
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Environmental Conservation and the Department of Health are responsible for
contamination response programs.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-103-
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STATE CKOOMP-MTBH PROGRAM SUMHART
STATE: PUERTO HICO
1. MATURE OF THE CROWD-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologie Charmoteriatlos. Describe general geological and bydrologloal obaraeterlatlca
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmiaslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Regloo/ProTlnee 1:
Central Basin
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTinee B:
North Basin
Phyaiographlc
Regioa/ProTlnoe C:
East Basin
Percent of state covered
by thla province (estimated)
Unconfined Aqulfer(s)
Interior mountainous
area.
Rugged karat
topography underlain
mostly by llaestone,
along the coast and
broad flat lands.
Inland rolling hills and
some limestone topography.
Coastal alluvial soils.
El JTuraue rain forest
located here.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-104-
-------
3TATB: POBBTO 11 CO
1. IATORB Of THE GBOOm>-VATBB BS30TOCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Cbarftoterlatiea. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamlasivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraoterlatloa
Pby alographio
Begloo/Provlnoe
South Basin
Phyalographlo
Begion/Provlnoe B:
West Basin
Pbyalographic
Beglon/Province P:
Offshore Islands Basins
Percent of state oorered
by tola province (eatlmted)
Onoonfloed Aqulfer(a)
Northern area ateep
alopea with shallow
aoila; coastal area
deep alluvial soils.
Valleys defined by
mountain chains.
Many small islands, little
rainfall, mostly rolling
hills or limestone cliffs.
Confined Aquifer(a)
-105-
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STATE: PCEHTO RICO
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Water aa Percent of Total Daage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
45» 35.7
25
35
105
water withdrawal by Puerto Rico Sewer and Aqueduct Authority for residential, commercial, and light
industrial use.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
14.8}
191,000
Domestic
Hells
n/a
n/a
Total
14.8}
491,000
-106-
-------
STATE: PUERTO RICO
2.1. Sources (Check Major aouroea of oontaalnatlan and rank top four
2 * next aoat serious, etc.)
— 1
at aerious,
Source Cbeok Rank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X
On-slte Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage Xs
tanks
Source Cbeok Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion X
Land application/ X
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Other (specify):
Chemical, electroplating, and pharmaceutical industries.
aGasoline.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile .
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-107-
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STATE: PUERTO MOO
3. STATE OROUID-VATSR MUUGEMBIT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/Vo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Proteotlon
General water pollution
control
Law for the Conservation, Development,
and Utilization of Vater Resources
The law provides authority to the
Department of Natural Resources to
protect water quality.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Public Policy Environmental Act
Law No. 9i as amended
Gives the Environmental Quality Board
the authority to regulate the generation,
transport, treatment, storage, and
disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous
waste.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Vater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy In existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
X
-108-
-------
STATE: PUERTO BICO
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Law for the Conservation, Development, and Utilization of Vater Resources in Puerto Rico assigns the
Department of Natural Resources the task of preparing and implementing an Integrated plan for the use,
conservation, and development of water resources, with regard to the quality and drinkability of the water.
3.2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-109-
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STATE: P0BRTO RICO
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural
Resources
The Environmental
Quality Board
Department
of Health
Puerto Rico
Aqueduct and
Sewer Authority
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
UIC"
PWSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro»
Road
De-icing
Other
x"
Xe
X'
*UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS s Public Water System.
°PE * Pesticides Enforcement.
Monitors extraction rate of ground water, recharge rate of aquifers, water table level, and possible contamination of
aquifers; establishes permit and franchise granting systems and sets rates; regulates the design, construction, operation
ana closing of installations, structures, or devices to extract ground water; and develops well Inventories and related
information systems.
ePrepares and publishes ground-water criteria; developed Institutional Management framework for ground-water protection In
the northern coastal area of Puerto Rico.
Provides drinking water service; oversees water treatment facilities.
-110-
-------
STATE: PUERTO IICO
3«>. Inter-*gency Agreements
Topioa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy And strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
Deaoriptioa of Agreements
and Agencies
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Puerto Rico has had some reconnaissance work performed in the
past; however, a more detailed aquifer mapping project is
planned for the future to be performed by the USGS. This will
be published in an atlas form detailing the aquifer systems and
their importance. The USGS performs well Inventories, operates
observation wells to detect saline Intrusion problems, and
conducts the majority of ground-water studies.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
At least once per year the Environmental Quality Board (EQB)
conducts compliance evaluation inspections at approximately 11
hazardous waste facilities subject to ground-water monitoring
requirements. Follow-up enforcement action is initiated as
necessary by EQB. EPA, with contractor support, assists EQB by
conducting in-depth ground-water monitoring sampling
Inspections.
Other (specify)
-111-
-------
STATE: PUERTO HICO
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cbeck
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Environmental Quality Board (EQB) conducts
compliance evaluation and sampling inspections
(with EPA 'a support) at hazardous waste land
disposal facilities in order to ensure that ground-
water monitoring systems are designed, constructed,
and operated so as to prevent significant
discharges. Follow-up enforcement action is taken
by EQB as necessary.
Funding was provided by the EPA in FY 1984 to the Depart-
ment of Health for sampling and analyzing all community
public water system wells throughout the island for
volatile organics.
The Department of Health monitors the quality of all
public water systems and is responsible for protecting
the purity of the drinking water supplies through a
monitoring program.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Chock)
Maw of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~ — ~-^_^^ Context
Approaches ^-~-^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
|—
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground -
thter Permit
Issues Issuance
Xa
Xb
Specific
Regulation Ground-
Adoption, Hater
Changes Strategy
X
xb
Other
Xa
X
Xc
X<
aPublic meetings present goals, activities, and objectives, identify critical areas, and encourage idea
exchange. The workshops inform citizens of the problems of study areas, receive suggestions/recommendations,
establish importance of public participation; and provide a series of audio-visual presentations.
Advisory committee meeting systematizes collaboration with the Environmental Quality Board, including revision of
water quality standards and discussion of ground-water contamination events.
Informative sheets give general overview of project and are available 30 days before public meeting or hearing;
bulletins define project study area, present data, identify possible problems, and state goals of project.
^Series of TV programs identify the Environmental Quality Board and its programs, topography/geology conditions,
ground-water resources, and future activities; radio programs present program objectives; press publicizes the
project's main activities, publishes public notices, and maintains information availability; Environmental Week
(first week of June) runs an overall public awareness program, and provides an orientation to students.
-112-
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STATE: PUERTO RICO
*,. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND MATER
4.1. Progru Status
Federal
Progru
Status of Progru Delegation
State Ij*>leMCting Agency
Onusual/Noteworthy
Progru Characterlatico
DIC
Not delegated, pending
RCRA
Phase I Interim
Authorization delegated
October 14,1982
Environmental Quality Board
Delegation covers compliance/
enforcement, but not permitting
responsibilities. EPA, with
contractor support, assists EQB by
conducting in-depth ground-water
monitoring sampling inspections.
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Primary implementation is the
responsibility of the Water
Supply Program.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-113-
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STATE: PUERTO IX00
4.2. Omnt Status
Grant
1985 AUooatlon
Specific Ground-Vater
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
49^8,651 Federal No ground-water activities.
$519,221 Non-Federal
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (j)
$638,160
No ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$2,552,000
No ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3017
$565,300 In FY 1984 and FY 1985, 11 ground-water monitoring sites
requiring 0.8 work year of effort with projected cost of
$12,000. Puerto Rico does not currently have the
capability to conduct indepth ground-water monitoring
sampling inspections. Therefore, they have to conduct
these inspections with EPA's (or private contractor)
assistance.
UIC
$75,100a
(Not eligible
for grant)
$107,666
(Puerto Rico is carrying out program with non-Federal
funds until primacy is attained.)
Class V well assessments.
Develop procedures required for Issuing permits covering
new and existing injection wells.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$216,100
No ground-water monitoring activities.
aFY 1983 funds.
-114-
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STATE: ttJERTO UCO
5. STATK-ORIGMATED GROOID-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: As part of the ground-water strategy development, a plan was designed to evaluate and characterize
the probable nature and magnitude of ground-water contamination from Industrial waste discharges. This plan
includes identification of: (1) existing conditions (saline water Intrusion and nitrate contamination); (2)
sources of pollution (industrial discharges, sea water movement to aquifers, urban storm water runoff); and (3)
significant problems (specific point source industrial discharges, water table fluctuations, increases in chlorine
concentration).
The development of the Institutional Management Framework for Ground-Water Protection in the northern coastal
areas of Puerto Rico was Implemented by the Environmental Quality Board. The Department of Health applies the
water quality standards estabished by the SDWA to the ground waters extracted by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and
Sewer Authority (PRASA).
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Health received FY 1984 funding from the EPA to sample and analyze community
public water system wells throughout the island for volatile organics.
FY 1981 Funding: $83,790
Funding Source: PWSS
5«3« Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: As part of an inter-agency agreement between USGS and EPA, USGS conducted an aquifer mapping study
in Puerto Rico.
FY 1984 Funding: $111,500 (part of these funds covered mapping in the Virgin Islands)
Funding Source: UIC
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-115-
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STATE: PUERTO II00
5.5. Pmlta/Centrol of Dl*oharg*a to Ground Hater
Description:
FY 198t Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic NanageMnt Progru
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Progrua
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Progru
(other than HCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-116-
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STATB OBOaBP-MATBB PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: TIBCIi ISLANDS
1. BATOBB Of THE GBODHMfATKB BB309BCB
1.1. Oeologlo and Hydrolocio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
St. Croix
Physiographic
leglon/ProTince B:
St. Thooas/St. John
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Parent of state cowed
by this proTloce (•stlaated)
OncoofiMd Aquifer(s)
St. Croix consists of
mixed volcanics and
Intrusive rocks,
carbonates, and alluvium.
The mixed volcanics can
yield up to 40 gallons
per minute. The carbonate
rocks are the most
productive aquifers and
can yield up to 100
gallons per minute,
depending on the texture
of the sediments.
St. Thomas and St. John
are composed mainly of
layered volcanic rocks with
some areas of carbonate
rock and alluvium. Wells
that penetrate the more
permeable material can
yield up to 120 gallons
per minute In St. Thomas
and approximately 20
gallons per minute on St.
John. Generally, wells
yield less than five
gallons per minute and
the water quality is
marginal for domestic
use.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
-117-
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STATB: TIBOIH ISLAIP8
1.2. PrlBary DIM of Oround Water mm Percent of Total Oaage
DM
Public Water Systems'
(including municipal)
Industrial
(txcept municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Oround Hater
around Hater of Total Hater
2.5
'includes: community public water supplies—2f; non-community public water supplies—3f.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Mater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water Domestic
Syatems Wells Total
0.9)
1,200
-118-
-------
8TATK THOU ISLANDS
«,1. aouroM (ChMk Hjor WUTOM of aootaaiMtiaa aod raak top four
t • ant Best awioua, ato.)
Souroa Cbsok Ruk
Saptio tanks X*
Munloiptl landfill!
On-aite industrial
landfill! (sxoluding
pita, lagoon* i aurfaoe
iapoundmanta)
Othar landfills
Surfaoa lopeundmtnts
(axeluding oil and
gas brins pits)
Oil and gas print pits
Undsrground storag*
tanks
Othar (specify):
Natural X°
mineralization
Bowoc Cbaok laflk
Znjaetion walla
Abandonad haaardoua
vasts aitas
Xagulatad hacardoua
vasts sitas
Salt vatar intruaion Xb
Land application/
traataant
Agricultural
Road salting
*S«rious problem on St. Croix and some areas of St. Thomas.
Problem on St. Croix; current database not adequate to determine quality on
St. Thomas.
°More serious in lowland veils than upland veils.
2.2. Ccntasd.Datlag Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
"Pentane (St. Croix) from refinery processes and Tetra CE (St. Thomas).
^Barium (St. Croix) from refinery processes.
-119-
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STATE: VIRGIN ISLABDS
3. STATE GBOUID-WATEB MABAGENEBT STBOCTORE
3.1. State Statute! Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
and standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute Baae/No.
Virgin Islands Water Pollution Control
Law (Title 12, Ch. 7)
Hater Resources Conservation Law
(Title 12, Ch. 5)
Virgin Islands Water Pollution Control
Law (Title 19, Ch. 51)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
The law gives the Department of
Conservation and Cultural Affairs power t<
issue, revise, and revoke permits for the
discharge of pollutants and enforce
various aspects of the law.
The law defines responsibilities of the
Department of Public Works.
The Department of Conservation and
Cultural Affairs is charged with
promulgating and enforcing drinking
water standards.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-120-
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STATEI TZIOZI XSLalDS
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Xs there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee:
lea
Mo
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (later-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Virgin Islands ground-water policy is being developed. The policy prescribes that all ground water
be classified In four different priority uses: domestic, agricultural, commercial, and industrial. Reasonable
use is permitted, but cannot adversely affect a higher use, and allocations should be identified for specific tine
periods. A ground-water permit and enforcement program under the Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan
CHRMP) for the Virgin Islands is currently being recoanended.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.H. Policy Classification
3.2.11.1. Does state have a ground-water classification systen or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3*2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The policy classifies ground water into four different ranked categories of use.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-121-
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STATE: fIRGIH ISLANDS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Water Resources
Commission
Department of
Public Works
Department of
Conservation and
Cultural Affairsf
Ground-
Water
Pol 1 ov/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
DIC*
PWSb
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
Xd
xe
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
kpWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Assesses ground-water yield.
Implements the Water Resources Commission's programs and policies; Issues well permits and maintains well construction
data; has power to install and read water meters and to require the submission of regular pumpage information from
consumers.
Water pollution control agency.
-122-
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STATE: TIRGIW IStABDS
3.%. Inter-Agency Agreeaeots
Topics
Check If
Applicable
Deaorlptlon of Agreements
•ad Agencies
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
The Water Resources Commission consists of the Commissioners of
the Department of Public Works, the Department of Conservation
and Cultural Affairs, the Executive Director of the Virgin
Islands Water and Power Authority, and one resident from each of
the three major islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John).
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
i
Description of Activities
The USGS is planning to undertake a detailed aquifer
mapping project. The work will be published in an atlas,
detailing the various aquifers and their relative importance.
-123-
-------
STATES TI10II ISLAIDS
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate situ
Hazardous waste altea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Nitrates
Check
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
There la some monitoring of nitrates in ground-water
supplies.
Monitoring
DaU
Computerized
(Cheek)
fame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
" ^~— ^^^ Context
Approaches ^~~""-^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
»Ur Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
xa
aihe Department of Conservation and Cultural Affairs has managed public participation in the 208 Program in
support of water supply issues (i.e., the development of the Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan).
-124-
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STATE: VIRGIN ISLANDS
1. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
1.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Direct Implementation by
Region II personnel
Contact: Peter Acker
RCRA
Region II personnel
PWS
Delegated
Department of Conservation
and Cultural Affairs,
Division of Natural
Resources Management
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Conservation
and Cultural Affairs
-125-
-------
mou zauiM
4.2. OrntatrtiM
flrtat
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Oround-Mater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$400,000* Implement ground-water management plan inoluding
$73,«31D Bonltoring and ••Ubliihing • daUbtM on ground'
Mt«r quality.
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(4)
$100,000
(of this amount
$20,000 will be
used for
ground-water
activities)
Identify funding needa and aouroea ae well aa time
frames for accomplishing the recommendations, both
short- and long-term, Bade in the ground-water
protection management plan.
Establish method to convene a ground-water steering
committee.
Study leaking underground storage tanks; identify a
management and implementation plan for oontrol of these
leaks.
Develop model design criteria for LUST.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
n/a
RCRA
Section 3011
n/a
UIC
$39,000
(EPA direct
(implementation)
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$30,000b
$15,781°
No ground-water activities.
'Pending approval.
''Base level grant.
°Non-Federal contribution.
-126-
-------
at ATI t man XSLAIM
5. RATI-OBXOXKATSD OlOOID-ViTIR PlOItCTIOt PROGRAMS
5.1. OroHBd-Vttor
(including ground -water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Virgin Island! ground-water policy is being developed. Th« policy specifies that all (round
waters art public waters ussd for domastlOi agricultural, oonnaroial, and industrial usss (in that order of
priority). Reasonable use is permitted but oannot adversely affect a higher use, and allocations should be
identified for speoifio tiae periods. 1 ground-water permit and enforcement program under the Comprehensive Water
Resources Management Plan (CHUMP) for the Virgin Islands is currently being recommended.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Qround-Vater Monitoring
Description:
FY 19B4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Mater Resource Assessment/aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: As part of an inter-agency agreement between USGS and EPA, USGS conducted an aquifer mapping study
in the Virgin Islands.
FY 1964 Funding: $111,500 (part of these funds covered mapping in Puerto Rico)
Funding Source: UIC
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
-127-
-------
STATE: VXBGH XSLalDS
5.5* Vmlta/CeBtrol of Diaohargea to Ground Hater
Description:
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*6. Septic Hmitna«it Program
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otber
-128-
-------
REGION III
-------
STATE GROOMD-HATER PROGRAM SOMMABT
STATE: DELAWARE
1. MATURE Of THE GROOHD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Begion/Prorlnoe A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Piedmont
Pbyalographic
Begion/Province C:
Percent of state catered
by thla prorince (eatlwtted)
Oneonftned Aquifer(a)
Unconsolidated,
stratified sediments of
silts, clays and gravels.
The permeable sands and
gravels are aquifers.
Metamorphic crystalline
rocks in which the major
aquifers are carbonates
(marbles) and fracture
zones which, in turn,
are fed from overlying
storage in weathered rock
material.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-129-
-------
STUB: DtZaHiRB
1.2. Prlaary Oaea of Ground Hater ma Parent of Total (Image
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
25
16
11 100
15
100
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1978
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
70%
109,000
-130-
-------
STATE: DBUVABB
2.1. Soirees (Check Major sources of m«t.ii»1 nation and rank top four
2 « next aost serious, etc.)
— 1 « aoat serious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X 2
On-site industrial X 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X 1
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion X 1
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 1
Road salting
I
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-131-
-------
ft ATI t MUV1II
3. arm OMUID-VATII IUUQIMR STIUCTOII
3.1. State Statute* PerUlalag tQ around-MUr Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute IISM/IO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to around-Miter Protection
General water pollution
control
? Delaware Code, Chapter 60
7 Delaware Code, Chapter 63
Chapter 60 oovera mate water, solid
mate, and underground injection control.
Ground-water quality
(including publio health
standards)
Delaware. Code, Chapter 60
Solid waste
Delaware Code, Chapter 60
Hazardous waste
7 Delaware Code, Chapter 63
Ground-water monitoring, hazardous waste.
Mining
Oil and gas
Delaware Code, Chapter 62
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy8
3.2.1. Statue
Ground water oovered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
Comprehensive Water Resources Management Committee prepared "Ground-Hater Quality Management" which was
adopted as the formal Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation policy in 19&3. The goal of
that policy is prevention as a priority over curative.
-132-
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STATli DELAWARE
3.2.2. OOTtloBMBt of Oround-tfcUr Policy
3.2.2.1. It there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes _J_ No __w
3.2.2.2. Lead agenoy/ateering committee: Department of Natural Heaouroea and Environmental Conservation
3.2.2.3. Deaoribe development prooeaa (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The "Ground-Water Quality Management" report is the atate'a overall "strategy." As auoh, they are
currently developing parts of that strategy auoh aa a monitoring and classification program. The committee that
developed the "strategy" included all state agencies with water control responsibilities. There alao exiats an
Administrative Agreement between the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation and the
Department of Health, the two principal agencies responsible for the environment and human health. The Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation la responsible for maintaining (updating) the ground-water
strategy.
3.2.3. Characteriatios of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation is in the process of developing an
aquifer classification system based on differential protection.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.11.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
See the note under 3*2.3.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Haa the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-133-
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STATE: DELAWARE
3.3. State Agency Beaponaibilltiaa for Ground-tot«r Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources
and Environmental
Conservation8
Department of
Health
Department of
Agriculture,
Division of
Protection and
Promotion
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Progru
RCRA
X
racf
X
MBb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion .
Aquifer
fepplng,
ate.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
CooMr-
vmtlon
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro»
Road
De-icing
Other
aUIC r Underground Injection Control.
bPWS r Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Manages Superfund.
-134-
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STATE: DKUURB
3.*. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify) :
Agriculture
Cheek if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation and the Department of Health have an Administrative
Agreement on water management.
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation and the Delaware Geologic Survey have agreements
on aquifer mapping. Also, see 3*5. below.
New Castle County has agreements with the state to do water
quality management and nutrient management.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Currently computerizing well data with the USOS study of
ground-water flow and salt water intrusion.
Ambient ground-water quality
USGS under cooperation with the Delaware Geologic Survey and
the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conaerveration are doing aquifer evaluations and studies of
basin water budgets.
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Regional geochemical studies
Hater use data
Under a tripartant agreement between USGS, the Delaware Geologic
Survey, and the Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Conservation.
The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation collects and issues water use data. They also
regulate water withdrawal and waste disposal.
-135-
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STATE: DELAWARE
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Mooitoriag Program
All sanitary landfills.
Ground -water monitoring required for land disposal
sites.
There are occasional studies on pesticides In
ground trater.
There are occasional studies on nitrates in
ground water.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3.?. State Programs for Public Participation
-^^^ Context
Approaches -^__^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
•BUT Permit Adoption, Hater
Zaaues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa Xb Xc
xb xb xc
X*
"Public hearings for UIC and RCRA permits.
bRCRA requirements.
°The administrative process requires public notification and/or hearings on water related permits, major wells,
water withdrawals, waste facilities, waste discharges, etc.
dThe Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation Office of Information provides press releases,
newsletters on hazardous wastes, and a conservation magazine with water related articles.
-136-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
». STATE I»LBMB«TATIOi OF FEDERAL PBOGBAMS TO PROTECT GH00ID-WATBR
D.l. Progru Status
Federal
Prograa
me"
Statua of Program Delegation
State I*>le»eatlng Agency
Dnuaual/Motevorthy
Progru Characteristics
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Conservation
Class V-A wells only
BCRA
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Conservation
Final authorization.8
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Enforcement and certification
grants
Department of Agriculture,
Division of Products and
Promotion
aDoes not include the hazardous and solid waste amendments of 1984.
-137-
-------
8TATB: DELAWARE
4.2. Grant SUtus
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Orouad-lhter
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$217,000 Control of on-lot mate treatment and nutrient
management.
No FY 1985 work program received yet. The existing FY
1963/1964 program allots approximately $125,000 to
ground-water related tasks and agriculture RMP's.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
RCRA
Section 3011
n 1985: $320,582
FT 1981: $311,000
FY 1983: $368,000
Does not include additional FY 1985 supplemental
funding.
VIC
n 1985 under
negotiation;
$39,000 proposed.
FY 1981: $51,800
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
FY 1981: $78,000
-138-
-------
STATE: DELAWARE
5. STATE-ORXGXMATED GROOMMUTER PROTBCTIOR PROGRAMS
5.1. Oround-toter Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: As previously stated, they nave a strategy. Remaining issues are currently being proposed for
resolution: ground-Hater classification, monitoring, data management, and storm water impact. The proposed
classification system will delineate contaminated aquifer parts where water use would be restricted. It will also
identify levels of protection and establish clean-up criteria, each as a function of aquifer classification.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: S.106, CWA Supplement
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring at HCRA facilities and evaluation of data. An overall monitoring strategy
is being proposed which will describe existing efforts and develop a plan for assimilating and coordinating that
effort into a cohesive program.
FT 1981 Funding: RCRA program
Funding Source: S.106, CWA Supplement
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state is currently computerizing well data with the USGS study of ground-water flow and salt
water intrusion. Much state activity revolves around case-by-case activities and serving grant obligations.
However, task groups to develop water plans and policies exist: Comprehensive Statewide Water Resource Committee,
Ad Hoc LUST/Committee, Inland Bays Task Force and its monitoring committee, and the Governor's Council of
Environmental Advisors with its various subcommittees. In addition, the Delaware River Basin Commission has a
Ground-Water Advisory Committee developing policy recommendations for ground-water management in which the state
is an active and contributing participant.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-139-
-------
STATl! DCUVARI
5.5. Permits/Control of DtMhwcM to Ground Mater
Description:
ri 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septlo NuMCMMot Progrui
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground storage Tank Prognua
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contaaination Response Prograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-140-
-------
qjQPlP-MTU PROQRAM 50MMA1T
8tm I NiRTUID
1 . UTORI
OB00HMUTI1 II80DICI
1.1. Qeologio and Hydroloejio Cbaraoteriitloa. Deaorlb* general geological tad hydrologioal obaraoteriatioe
(l.t. formationa, rook typea, areal extent ud tbtokMM, trinwiMivity, aquiftr inttroonBtotiw, wtttnt
of oonUmlMtiw) .
Mlion/Frovlao* At
CoaaUl Plain
Pbyslagrapblo
••giOB/ProrlaM Bt
Pltdaont
Ci
BlM Rids*
Pwont of «Ut« oevwtd
tv tbU preriaM (M
SSI
act
Aquiftr(s)
Th» CoaiUl Plain
eontista of 5,000
•quart milM of inter-
bcddad olay, aand, and
allt dapoaita.
Tha Piadoont eonaista of
2,500 aquara milaa of
•atuorphifi aohiat
(gnaiaa with liaaatona).
Tha aadinantary rooka of
thia provinoa inoluda
ahalaa, ailtatona, aand-
atonaa, and carbonates,
which oovar 2,000 aquara
•ilaa.
Oonflnad Iquifar(a)
Confined situations are
not areally extenalve,
but do exist to some
extent, especially
limestone formations.
Confined situations are
not areally extensive,
but do exist to some
extent, especially
limestone formations.
Notes: (1) Tranamlasivity and permeability variea greatly over the area. (2) Contamination la generally confined
to relatively aoall areaa of an aquifer, but the extent of it la generally unknown.
-141-
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STATE: MARTLAID
1.2. Primary Oaes of Ground Utter m» Percent of Total Usage
fee
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except ninicipal)
Agricultural
Oooestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total f Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hitter
1
9
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1978
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Utter Domestic
Systems Hells Total
1> 9> 10J
403,000
-142-
-------
STATS: MARIUMD
2.1. Sources (Cheek major aouroe* of oontaml nation and ruk top four
2 • next Boat aerioua, etc.)
— 1 • Boat aarloua,
Source Cbeok
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Agricultural — largest
X
X
X
xb
X
X
X
Rank
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
Source
Cbeok Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
source of contamination, and most
X*
X«
X
X
X
X
extensive
1
2
2
3
3
3
*Most severe sources.
^Considered a very serious source of contamination.
Notes: It is assumed that the seriousness of the problem is a function of clean-up difficulty and the existence
of ground water. Contamination sources are ranked by the actual or potential severity, not by the areal extent of
ground-water contamination.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
*Nitrate contamination from all sources is very serious in two counties; this problem affects more
ground-water supplies in the state than any other source of contamination.
t '
Notes: Most problems with water supplies are either bacteria, nitrates or volatile organlcs. Most recently,
the worst problems have been associated with LUST. Also, pesticides are showing up in more and more supplies; and
six public supplies have problems with radiaoactive materials.
-143-
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STATE: MARYLAND
3. STATS GROUND-HATBB MANAGEMENT STBOCTUBB
3.1. State SUtutea Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Naae/No.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Health Environment Article, Title
7 and 9, COMAR 10.50
NPOES Program.
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Health Environment Article, Title
7 and 9, COMAR 10.50; Natural Resources
Article 8, COMAR 08.05.OH
Solid waste
Health Environment Article, Title
7 and 9, COMAR 10.17.11
Ground-Water Program (land disposal
facilities).
Hazardous waste
Health Environment Article, Title
7, COMAR 10.51.01-10
Hazardous Waste Program (land disposal
facilities).
Mining
Surface Mining Program.
Oil and gas
Natural Resources Article 6,
COMAR 08.05.01
Oil Tank Program.
Other (specify):
UIC
Health Environment Article, Title
9, COMAR 10.50.0U, 10.17.02,
10.17.03, and 10.17.13
UIC regulations.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X*
"This also covers specific regulations.
-144-
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STATE: MARTLAID
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes
Mo X
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Office of Environmental Programs and Water Management Administration
with DNR, OEP, DOA, and OSP
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The state has committed itself to put their strategy in text form with the cooperation of the noted
agencies. Their target date for completion is September 30, 1985.
3.2.3. Oiaracterlstiea of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: Shown is the current situation that exists in regulation. However, this will be assessed in their
"strategy."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Their regulations define three classes of aquifers.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3*2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
They are tied to the Federal Drinking Water Standards. They are applied to all aquifers used or useable
as drinking water sources.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The range is covered by the Drinking Water Standards.
-145-
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STATE t MARTLAID
3.3. State Agency ReaponalbilitieB for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
SUte
Agency
Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environ-
•ental Programs,
Waste Management
Administration
Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environ-
mental Programs,
Planning and
Evaluation Office
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Natural Resources
Department of Health
and Mental Hygiene,
Water Management
Administration
Maryland Geological
Survey
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
x«
PWSb
X
xh
PE°
X
Other*
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conaer—
vatioo
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
Xf
*UIC B Underground Injection Control.
bPUS s Public Water System.
CPE x Pesticides Enforcement.
dState has a non-point source ground-water regulatory program on part of their "NPDES" program.
eManages Superfund.
fOil tanks.
^Implement Class V wells by cooperative agreement.
"implemented.
-146-
-------
3.%. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: HARYLAID
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Cooperative enforcement grant
on PCB
Department of Health and Mental
Hygiene with the Department of
Agriculture on pesticide control
Oieek If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies :
' '1
i
j
There are periodic agreements to conduct water quality
investigations of ground-water conditions.
TSCA program to inspect and monitor for compliance for PCB
contamination.
Governs the investigation of ground-water contamination
relating to pesticide use.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Completed atlas of aquifers, classifying them as vulnerable,
most vulnerable, and not vulnerable. There is extensive
documentation of ground-water resources in map and report form.
Some reports.
Report on surface impoundments (SIA).
-147-
-------
•TATBi NAITLAID
3.6. State around-Water Monitoring Procru
Types of Monitorial
Noa-hUlltfOUl
waste sit**
Haiardoua watt aitea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient Bonitoring
Other
Cbeok
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
NuniQipal/aaaitary landfill inventory conducted
la 1979-1961, 8ZA waa completed in I960.
HCJU requireaenta only. State inapeotioaa weekly,
facility aaapliaf aeml-aanually.
Compliance monitoring.
Prograa monitoring and new private well testing.
UIC requirementa only.
Hoaitorlac
Data
OaBputerisad
(Cbeok)
X«
X^
lame of
Databaa*
(Specify)
HWDMS
•Only to liat facilities.
''To a limited degree.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
N^^-~-^^^ Context
Approaonea ^^^^-^^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups*
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Oround-
Mw Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X
X X
Xb
'Any state activity can be subject to review by the state Water Quality Advisory Group.
''Complying with public participation requirementa of delegated programs.
-148-
-------
STUB: MARUAID
4. STATE ZMPLBNBITATZOI OP F1DBBAL PBOGRAMS TO PBOTBCT OROUBD WATBR
4.1. Prograa Status
Federal
Progrui
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Obusual/Votavorthy
Progrui Characteristics
UIC
Delegated
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environmental
Programs, Waste Management
Administration
Hater Management
Administration
Class V wells only.
Controls septage systems design,
installation, operation and well
construction.
Controls sewage lagoons.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase II, A, B, and C
Final authorization
delegated January 25,
1985
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environmental
Programs, Waste Management
Administration
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene,
Office of Environmental
Programs, Water Management
Administration
Pesticides
Enforcement
Receiving enforcement grants
Department of Agriculture
Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene, Water
Management Administration
enforces Federal/state
Drinking Water Program
Controls pesticide and other
contaminants where they directly
impact ground water.
-149-
-------
STATE: MAIYLAID
4.2. Grant SUtoa
Grant
Clean Mater Act
Section 106
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (J)
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
RCRA
Section 3011
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
Specific Ground-Hater
n 1985 Allocation Projects/Tasks and Budget
$910,000 Controls septic tanks, statewide water quality
of Federal funds planning, ground-water discharge pemit program and
to be finalized UPS implementation.
in 2/85
FY 1965 not negotiated; Agriculture and storm water management.
FY 1984: $656,000
EPA HQ grant to assess
165 sites; $93,000
plan being negotiated
Funding To support facility permitting and compliance
$717,190 enforcement activities.
$70,400 Well assessments.
FY 1984: $183,000
* $26,000 carryover.
FY 1983: $13,700
* $53,000 carryover.
-150-
-------
STATE: MARTLAMD
5. STATB-OBIOIBATBD QROOIO-VATBR PIOTBCTIOI PBOOBAMS
5.1. Orouna-ltater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 198U Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: All coanunlty and non-community public water supplies are monitored monthly for bacteria, and
monitored quarterly for EPA drinking water standards. All new wells are tested prior to service. There are
currently special studies on ground water for nitrates, VOC'a, pesticides, etc.
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source: State, general, and EPA Drinking Hater funds
5.3. Ground-Water Bmouroe Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-151-
-------
STATE: MABILAND
5.5. Paralta/Cootrol of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The state discharge program is analogous to NPDES except that it has added control over discharges
to ground water.
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State
5.6. Septic Mmageaent Program
Description: See previous description. Control is managed through the issuance of permits. This activity is
delegated to county health departments. Septage waste is also controlled through the annual issuance of operating
certificates.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State/EPA 106 grants
5.7* Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Oil tanks only.
FTC 1984 Funding: 1300,000
Funding Source: State Oil Fund
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: There is a state response program.
FY 1984 Funding: Funding varies
Funding Source: State controlled hazardous substance fund
5.9. Other
-152-
-------
STATE OROPHP-HATBR PHOGRAM SOMMARI
STATE: PBHNSTLVAIIA
1. IATDRE OF THE GROOHD-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Cbaracterlatica. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamisaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconflned Aquifer(s)
Confined Aquifer(s)
-153-
-------
STATE t PINMSILVANXA
1.2. Primary OMB of Ground Hater aa Percent of ToUl Oaage
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Mining
Enhanced Recovery
Total
f of ToUl % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
1*3* Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Halls Total
U8J
-154-
-------
STATE: PEMSTLVAIXA
2.1* Sources (Check Major aoureea of
2 « next moat aerioua, etc.)
eontaalnBtion and rUk top four — 1 » nost •erlous,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Cheek Bank
X 3
z z
X 2
X
X 2
X 2
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Uncontrolled dumps8
Mining
X 1
X 2
Source Check tank
Injection mils X 3
Abandoned hazardous
mate sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Uncontrolled dumps are considered very serious.
2.2. Contaadnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-155-
-------
STATE: PSW3TLTAHIA
3. STATS OBOOID-VATKB MANAGEHKHT STHDCTOHE
3.1. State Statute* Parteinij* to Oround-*ater Quality and Pollution Control
Subjeot Monitored tor Statute
Statute MUM/MO.
Deaoription of Authority Pertaining
to around-Utter Protection
Oanaral water pollution
control
Clean Streams Law
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Solid Haste Management Act:
Act 97 (1980)
Hazardous waste
Solid Waste Management Act:
Act 97 (I960)
Provides for regulatory coverage of
design and construction of facilities;
ground-water monitoring at regulated
facilities.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Qround-ttater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
X
-156-
-------
STATE t MWSTLWU
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Tes X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering oonmittee: Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Hater Quality
Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The draft policy is currently being reviewed within the state and is expected to be completed for
publication In the stumer of 1985.
3.2.3* Chartet*riatios of Policy Developed
Type, of Protection
General language
Men-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
MCL's from SDWA used in many cases. Also, no increase over background level.
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
40 CFR 261, Appendix VIII, is the state equivalent to the SDWA list of 10 inorganic and 6 organic
contaminants.
-157-
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STATE: PENNSYLVANIA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Resources, Bureau
of Solid Waste
Management
Department of
Environmental
Resources, Bureau
of Community
Environmental
Control
Department of
Agriculture ,
Bureau of
Plant Industry
Ground-
Hater
Pollcr/
Rule/
Standard.
*»
F«
BCKA
X
lerally-
UIC*
Delegate
PK5b
X
d Prog
PEC
X
ram
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Mapping.
etc.
Hater
Quality
^nil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fMIM
Road
De-icing
Other
i
\
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dChapters 75.265 (M) and 75.26H (M).
-158-
-------
3.4. Xnter-Agenoy Agreeawota
STATE: PENNSYLVANIA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
Description of Agreements
and Agenciea
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The Department of Environmental Resources has done $500,000
worth of aquifer mapping and is currently updating water
management plans.
-159-
-------
STATE: PKMiSTLVAlIA
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazandous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Quarterly sampling at land disposal units. If
significant Increases are found, it triggers action.
Monitoring of significant contamination sources.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
~~~~~^^^ Context
Approaches — -~^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Begulation Ground -
teter Permit Adoption, Mater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
X
X X
Xs
1
Compliance with public participation requirements of delegated programs.
-160-
-------
STATE: PBMISTLfAIIA
4. STATE XMPLBMEBTATIOI OP FEDERAL PKOGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOID WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Progru
Status ot Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Not delegated
Department of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Water
Quality Management
They do have a state program, but
there are dual permits with EPA.
HCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Department of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Solid
Waste Management
Well locations must be approved
by the Department of Environ-
mental Resources. There is also
quarterly sampling.'
PWS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Resources, Bureau of Com-
munity Environmental
Control
Pesticides
Enforcement
Enforcement and certification
grants
Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Plant Industry
-161-
-------
STATE: PEOSTLVAIIA
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Supplement
4233,800
The ground-water supplement la being reviewed,
Clean Water Act
Section 208
Funds remaining in the program are being used in the
assessment of soil dependent sewage systems.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
FY 1965 negotiations
not completed;
FY 1983/84: $969,000
Upgrading of Water Quality Management planning in two
regions.
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
FY 1985: $2,416,600
FY 1984: $2.2 million
In depth Inspections at 33) of all facilities required
to perform ground-water monitoring.
Review of closure plans which would include ground-water
monitoring program.
Enforcement against violators.
U1C
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
FY 1984: $309,000 Enforcement and certification of operators.
-162-
-------
STATS:
S. STATE-OH1GIMATBD OROTOD-WATBR PROTBCTXOM PROGRAMS
S.I. flround-Watar Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The ground-water management and monitoring strategy is being reviewed within the state. This review
should be completed soon with publication la the summer and implementation in the fall of 1985.
PI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: S.106 and 208 of QUA.
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Monitoring Is conducted for significant contamination sources. Facility owner/operators (hazardous
waste) are required to monitor quarterly. State follow-up as required (split sampling). In addition, all other
significant ground-water pollution sources are also monitored.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: RCRA (hazardous)
5*3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Department of Environmental Resources has expended $500,000 for aquifer mapping.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
-163-
-------
ST1T8: PHmSILVAlU
5.5. Pewlta/Control of Disoharges to Oround Hater
Deaorlptlco: Permitting of hazardous mate disposal facilities (not delegated).
FT 1981 Fund lag: Mot broken out In this category. Total permitting: $1,590,200
Funding Source: RCRA
5.6. Aeptio fhiiaieaarit Progru
Description: Currently evaluating soil dependent sewage systems.
n 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: 3.208, CWA
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground storage Tank Prograaa
Description: They propose to plan and evaluate storage tank control needs.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 106 supplement for 1985
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-164-
-------
8TATB OBOOBD-WATBH PBOQBAM aUMMABI
STATE: VXBQXBXA
1. BATOBB OF THB OBOUBD-NATBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Oeologlo mad Bydrologio Charaoteriatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharacteriatioa
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraotarlatloa
Phyaiocraphio
•ecion/Proriaoe A:
Coaatal Plain
Phyaiocraphio Phyaiocraphio
Becloo/Provlaoe B: Becioa/Provinoe Ct
Piedmont Valley and Ridge
Peromt of atate oovered
by this proriaoe (ec
Doooofioed Aqulfar(a)
The region yields moderate
to large aupplies. Water
oomea from a number of
aquifers, the quality of
which differa
substantially.
The region has low to
moderate yielda. Water
is of excellent quality.
Water is derived from
fraoturea in formations
overburden.
The region has high yielda
in limestone and dolomite
areas. The Mater is
generally hard.
Confined Aquifer(a)
(Continued)
-165-
-------
STATE: TIRGIIIA
1. BATORB W TUB OROOID-HATBR BBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologlo Ctaracterlatios. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock typea, areal extent and thiokneaa, trananiaslrity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaracterlatlea
Physiographio
•esloa/Proviaoe D:
Cumberland Plateau
Phyaiograpbic
•egion/ProTlaoe B:
Pnyalograpblc
Begion/Provlnee P:
Peroeat of atate oorerod
by thla prorince (eatiaated)
Iteoonflned Aquifer (a)
The region has low to
moderate yields, usually
occurring along fractures,
coal aeana, and in sand-
atone. The water la
usually somewhat hard;
acidic near coal seams.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
-166-
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STATE: VIRGINIA
1.2. Primary Qaea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Daage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
30
29
38
97
1.3- Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
17*
2,800,000
-167-
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STATE: TXBGIVX*
2.1 Sources (Check Major sources of oontaavlaatlon and rank top four
2 e next Boat aerioua, etc.)
— 1 * moot aerioua,
Source Cbeck lank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits) X
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks X
Source Cback Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify)
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-168-
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STATE: TIBGIVIA
3. STATE GROOHD-HATER MANAGEMENT STBDCTDRB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/No.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General Mater pollution
control
Water Quality Standards — Sec. 109
Seta out ground-water anti-degradation
policy and ground-water quality
standards.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Ground-Water Act
Sets aside ground-water management areas.
Solid waste
Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management Act, Title 32
Regulates solid waste management
practices.
Hazardous waste
See above and Title 10, Chapter 17.1
of the Hazardous Waste Facility
Siting Act
Regulates hazardous waste management
practices. HWFSA regulates the location
of facilities.
Mining
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Act
Regulates oil and gas industry; prevents
pollution of state waters.
Other (specify):
Water discharge
NPDES Program
Regulates discharges to state's waters,
including ground water.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-169-
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STATE: TZBGXHI1
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee:
Yes
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: No formal policy; permits involving ground water are issued on a case-by-case basis.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-170-
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STATE: TIRGIHIA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Water Control Board*1
Department of
Health, Division of
Solid Waste and
Hazardous Materials6
Department of
Health, Division of
Water Prog rams
Department of Labor,
Division of Mines
and Quarries
Department of
Agriculture and
Consumer Services,
Division of Product
and Industry
Regulations
Virginia Hazardous
Waste Management
Siting Board
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
X
01 C*
PWSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
Ground -
Water
Quality
X*1
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Otbe
X«
8UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPH5 = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Overall responsibility to protect ground water.
eManages Super fund.
rDepartment'a responsibility starts when ground water enters well.
^Responsible for oil and gas operations and mines and quarries; protects ground water from oil, gas, or salt water durii
development of the resources.
-171-
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STATE: VIRGINIA
3.1. Inter-Agency Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreeaenta
and Agencies
Agreements between the State Water Control Board, the State
Department of Health, and the Division of Mine and Land
Reclamation exist, mainly to coordinate the review of various
projects, such as injection wells, sanitary landfills, and
mining operations.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
\
Description of Activities
The State Water Control Board has an ongoing program to publish
county ground-water reports and special studies. The state
ground-water database is kept up-to-date; the ground-water
research drilling program Is also active, compiling information
on ground-water levels, pollutant distribution, and aquifer
analysis.
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STATE: VIBGXIIA
3.6. State around-Uater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate aites
Hazardous waste aites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Prograa
Yearly inspections at facilities handling waste;
sampling is also done at land-based facilities.
15 wells sampled annually for salt water intrusion
data.
120 wells sampled quarterly for chemical analysis.
250 wells sampled annually for level readings; 2 wells
monitored for land surface subsidence.
Monitor lag
Data
Computer iced
(Cheek)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
"^- Context
Approaches -^^^^
Public hearings) meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
fetw Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X
X X
-173-
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STATE: VIRGINIA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Pragma
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Otauaual/Votevortby
Program Characteristics
UIC
Not delegated
RCRA
Delegated; final authorization
Department of Health,
Division of Solid Haste and
Hazardous Materials
PtfS
Delegated
Department of Health,
Division of Water Programs
Pesticides
Enforcement
Certification and enforcement
grants
Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services,
Division of Product and
Industry Regulation
-174-
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STATE: TIHOIMIA
4.2. Grant Statua
PT 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projects/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(j)
FX 1984: $251,000
FX 1983: $860,000
($324,000 in reserve)
Surface impoundment assessments were done.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
RCRA
Section 3011
n 1985: $679,562
PX 1984: $793,000
FX 1983: $70,000
UIC
$82,500
Claas V assessments.
FIFHA
Section 23(a)(1)
-175-
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STATE: VIBGMIA
5. STATB-OBIGIBATBD GRODHD-WATER PBOTBCTKM PBOGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring network consists of 120 wells sampled quarterly for chemical analysis, 15
wells sampled annually for salt water intrusion, 250 wells sampled annually for level readings, and 2 sites
monitored continuously for land surface subsidence.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessaent/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: State administers program to keep ground-water database current, conducts a research drilling
program, and compiles information on aquifer analysis and pollutant distribution.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-176-
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STATE: TIRGIHIA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description:
FY 198U Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than HCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 198*1 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-177-
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STATE OHOOK>-MTKB PBOOHAM SOMMAHT
STATE: VEST YIHOIilA
1. MATURE OP THE OBOOID-VATEB RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thiokness, transmiaaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Valley and Ridge
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTinoe B:
Appalachian Plateau
Phyaiographio
Region/Province
Percent of atate covered
by this province (estimated)
Obooofined Aquifer (a)
Region consists of
inter-bedded layers of
highly folded and faulted
sandstone, shale, and
ailtstone. Mostly karst
with ground-water flow
controlled by solution
channels, regional/local
dip, and secondary
permeability. Many
valleys are filled with
unconsolidated alluvium
and most aquifers are
inter-connec ted
hydraullcally.
Region consists of
interbedded layers of
relatively flat-lying
sandstone, siltstone,
shale, and rock. Ground -
water flow controlled by
fractures in consolidated
rocks. Most aquifer units
in hydraulic connection.
Significant alluvial
aquifers along major
rivers.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-170-
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STATE: WEST fXBGIlIA
1.2* Primary Oaes of Ground Hater as Percent of ToUl Usage
Use
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of ToUl % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
11
78»
11
100
alncludes agricultural uses.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
20%
360,000
Domestic
Wells
30*
500,000
Total
50>
900,000
-179-
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STATE: VEST VIBOIIIA
2.1. Source* (Cbeck Major sources of oontaalnation end ruk top four
2 • MSt aoat serious, «to.)
— 1 •
rious.
Source Check Ruk
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Abandoned wells X
Coal Mining X
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile X_
Synthetic X_
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Peatloidea
Other (specify)
-180-
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STATE: WST fllGUTA
3. SXATI OBOiraD-HATEB MABAOBHEBT STBQCTUBE
3.1. State) Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Sufejttt Monitored by Statute
Statute Baao/Bo.
DMoriptioo of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
oontrol
Water Pollution Control Aot
Chapter 20, Article 5A
Qround-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Regulations for state UIC Program
Chapter 20-5E (Series XV)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Haste Management Regula-
tions — Chapter 20-5E (Series XV)
Mining
Oil and gas
Office of Oil and Gas
Department of Mines, Chapter 22-1
Other (specify):
Department of Natural Resources,
Chapter 20-6
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy8
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
J£
"The state is in the initial stage of development of a ground-water protection strategy.
-181-
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STATE: VEST VIRGINIA
3.2.2. Berelop«ent of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: ______^______^_>_____
Yes
No X
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Department of Natural Resources/Division of Hater Resources has a Memorandum of Understanding with
the Office of Oil and Gas regarding delineation of UIC responsibilities.
The Department of Natural Resources/Division of Hater Resources and the Department of Health are
currently developing a Memorandum of Understanding regarding public water supply problems associated with
underground injection.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Through the UIC program, the Department of Natural Resources/Division of Water Resources has entered
into contracts with USGS for the following: 1) maps depicting elevation of the base of fresh water and the
elevation of the top of salt water; 2) hydrologic basin atlases for the state; 3) aquifer recharge mapping; and 3)
ground-water database development.
3.2.5. QuBlity Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-182-
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STATE: VEST VIRGINIA
3.3. State Agency Reaponalbilitiea for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of
Hater Resources
Department of Health
Department of Mines,
Office of Oil and
Gas
Department of
Agriculture,
Plant Pesticide
Division
Ground—
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIG*
X
X
PHSb
X
X
PBC
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
Ground—
Hater
Quality
Soil
Conaer-
ration
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-iolng
Other
*
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dUIC Primacy, Interim Authorization, NPDES, RCRA.
-183-
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STATE: WEST VIRGINIA
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreeamta
Toplea
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agrmaanta
and Agencies
The Division of Water Resources and the Department of Health
are currently developing a Memorandum of Understanding regarding
public water supply problems associated with underground
injection.
The Department of Environmental Regulation and the Division
of Water Resources have a Memorandum of Understanding with the
Office of Oil and Gas regarding delineation of UIC
responsibilities .
The Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water
Resources has agreements with USGS.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The Division of Water Resources, through the UIC program,
entered Into contracts with USGS for state hydrologic basin
atlases, aquifer recharge mapping, and hydrogeologic (ground-
water) database collection.
-184-
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STATE: WEST VIBGHIA
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Quarterly ground-water monitoring at facilities.
Monitoring only for individual program requirements.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
•ue of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
--^.^^ Context
Approaches ^~~~-~-~^___^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
utter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
-185-
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STATE: WST VXIOXIU
4. STATE HffLBMBMTATIOi V FEDBBAL PI001ANS TO FBOTBCT OIODID MATBB
4.1. Prcgraji Status
Federal
PrograM
Statua of Program Delegation
8tat«
Aganoy
Obu«al/Mot«vortl>jr
OIC
Primacy awarded January 9, 1964 Dapartaant of Natural
Resources, Division of Vatar
Resources with support fron
the Departnent of Mines,
Office of Oil and Gas
RCJU
Delegated; Interim
authorization, Phase I
and II, A and B;
March 28, 1964
Department of Natural
Resources, Division of Hater
Resources
PWS
Fully delegated
Department of Health,
Environmental Health Services
Pesticides
Enforcement
Funded for certification
Department of Agriculture,
Plant Pesticide Division
-186-
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STATE: MBST VI1GHIA
«.2. Orant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Grand-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Vater Act
Section 205(J)
FT 1965: negotiations
not coaplete.
FX 1984: $381,400
FX 1983: $10,000
Mater quality and non-point source management from
mining.
Clean Vater Act
Section 205(g)
Not available
RCRA
Section 3011
FY 1985
$706,000
(doesn't include
supplemental
funding)
Preliminary assessments and "desk top" analysis and
compliance inspection at facilities requiring ground-
water monitoring.
UIC
$166,300
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
n 1984: $67,000
FY 1983: $44,000
-187-
-------
NUT menu
5. atm-OHiqUlTID OBOmD-VaTIB MOTECTIOI FKXUuUB
5.1. Orouad-ltotw Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and olaaaifioatlon)
Description:
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Qround-tatw Monitoring
Description: Evaluation of ground-water data submitted by facilities in support of the state's compliance
monitoring and permitting program.
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source: RCRA 3011
5.3* Ground-Water Resource Issennaent/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural ContajOnatlon Control
Description:
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
-188-
-------
STATI: WST TXBGXIIa
5.5. •enats/Coatrol of Diaobarfea to Qrouad Miter
Description:
rx 1961 Finding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Nanasaawot Program
Description;
FX 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.?. Bulk Stor*g*/Dnderground Storage Tank Progreas
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Prograa
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-189-
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REGION IV
-------
STATS
MOORAM STOCUM
STATE: ALABAMA
1. KATORB OF THE GROOHD-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteriatica
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Appalachian—
Pied own t Upland
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Appalachian—
Appalachian Valley
and Ridge
Physiographic
Beglon/Province C:
Appalachian--
Appalachian Plateau
Percent of state oorered
by this province (estimated)
Unconfined Aquifer(s)
The Piedmont consists of
a thick sequence of
weathered bedrock called
saprolite, and the
underlying parent igneous
and metanorphic rock.
Some areas have eroded
the saprolite leaving
exposed bedrock.
Generally ground water
occurs in the bedrock
in upland areas and in
the saprolite overlying
the bedrock in valleys.
Yields range from 10 to
50 gallons per minute
depending on well type.
This area is charac-
terized by northeast
to southwest trending
ridges and valleys. The
consolidated sandstones,
shales, coals, lime-
stones, and dolomite
formations have been
thrust-faulted to this
structural configuration.
Ground water occurs in
openings along fractures
and bedding planes in
the bedrock, and in
weathered soils and rock
overlying bedrock. Wells
yield from a few gallons
to 300 gpm.
The Appalachian Plateau
consists of consolidated and
unconsolidated sandstones,
shales, coals, and lime-
stones. Located in the
central and northwest parts
of the state, these rocks
have suffered minor
deformation and are
structurally horizontal.
Ground water occurs in
unconfined conditions in
openings along fractures and
bedding planes in the bed-
rock, soils, and weathered
bedrock. Hell yields range
from a few gallons to 300
gpm.
In the Tennessee Valley,
ground water is developed
from wells tapping
solutionized limestone
formations.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Fracture flow ground-
water conditions in
bedrock can occur in a
confined state since
saprolites can be
relatively impermeable,
thus confining the
bedrock ground water.
Large yields occur at
Sylacauga where ground
water is channelled into
solution cavities in
marble. Discharge from
this source occurs
naturally as springs and
in marble quarries.
Production from a spring
at Avondale Mills is
reported to be 700 gpm.
Confined ground-water
conditions occur in
coals, sandstones, and
solutionized limestones.
Limestone aquifers in
valleys account for the
largest ground-water
production. Well yields
of over 100 gpm are
common.
Fracture flow ground-water
conditions in consolidated
sandstones, coals, and
limestones do occur in some
areas in confined
conditions. Wells average
10 gpm with a maximum of
375 gpm.
(Continued)
Notes: In the Appalachian Province, ground water is available in fractures, sand lenses, weathered rock,
cavernous systems, and alluvial deposits. Large springs issue from carbonate rocks in this province. The rocks
of the Appalachian Province pass under the formation of the Coastal Plain, which strikes nearly at right angles
to the structure of that province. Along the border of the Appalachian Province and the Coastal Plain the
Appalachian rocks are overlain by the Cretaceous rocks; further south they are more deeply buried by Tertiary and
later sediments. •
-190-
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STATE: ALABAMA
1. lATOBB
THE OMOHD-VATER IBSOOBCE
1.1. Oeolqglo and Hjdrologie Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transoisslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characterlstlea
Physiographic
Beglon/Provlnoe D:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Baglon/Provinoe B:
Pbyslograpblo
Begion/Prorinoe F:
Percent of state oorered
by thia prorlnce (estimated)
65%
fined AqulTarCa)
Rock units of the Coastal
Plain consist of sand,
gravel, clay, chalk, marl,
and limestone. The sedi-
mentary rocks dip south
toward the Gulf of Mexico
at 30 to 40 feet per mile.
Each formation is exposed
at the surface along its
northern edge and down the
dip is overlain by younger
beds. Unoonfined aquifers
occur in river and stream
alluvium, and at varying
depths where sands and
limestones outcrop. Shallow
wells yield adequate
supplies for domestic use.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Confined aquifers can occur
at varying depths, from 18
feet at Gulf Shores to 1500
feet in other areas of the
Coastal Plain. Yields of
up to 1000 gpm are attained
from large capacity wells.
Artesian systems are also
common along Coastal Plain
rivers.
-191-
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STATE: ALABAMA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total * Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
45.5 25.8
11.9 0.5
2.7 28.1
36.9 67.4
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
27 %
1,045,000
Domestic
Hells
10.5$
386,700
Total
37 .5*
1,431,700
-192-
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STATE: ALABAMA
2.1. Sources (Check Major aouroea of contamination and rank top four
2 « next moat aerloua, etc.)8
— 1
rlous,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site industrial X 4
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X 1
tanks
Other (specify):
Natural — fluoride X
and radioactivity
spills
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion X
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
alf a known ground-1
incomplete data.
•water problem has been attributed to a source, it is checked. However, rankings are based on
For instance, a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural pollution has not been accomplished.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
x
X
X
X
.__«_
Metals JC
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
X
Other (specify)
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STATE: ALABAMA
3. STATS GROUTO-VATER MAUGEHBBT STBUCTORB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify) :
Environmental agency
organization
Statute Bun/lo.
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
22-22-1 et aeq. (1983 Cum Supp.)
(Alabama Water Pollution Control Act)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
22-24-1 et sea. <1983 Cum. Supp.)
Code of Alabama (1975) 'Sections
22-27-1 .gt .sea.. ^1983 Cum. Supp.)
(Solid Wastes Disposal Act)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
22-30-1 .21.223.. O983 Cum. Supp.)
(Hazardous Wastes Management Act
of 1978)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
9-16-1 et aeq. (Alabama Surface
Mining Act of 1969)
Code of Alabama (1975) Sections
9-17-1 et seq.
Environmental Management Act of
1982
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Provides authority to permit discharges to
ground water, to issue orders requiring
cessation or abatement of pollution, and
to require monitoring and installation
of equipment.
No specific statute to protect ground-
water quality. This section establishes
water well standards.
Authorizes local governments to collect
and dispose of solid waste subject to
the approval of the Alabama Department
of Environmental Management.
Regulates all sites for the storage,
treatment, or disposal of hazardous
waste.
Regulates surface mining, including
authority to require reclamation.
Regulates the production of oil and gas
by the Oil and Gas Board.
Consolidates most environmental regulatory
functions in Department of Environment.
Notes: Very little state legislation relates directly to ground-water protection, use, or management.
Municipalities are required to obtain permits to drill wells, but this requirement is directed at public health
standards.
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-194-
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STATE: ALABAMA
3.2.2. Derelopnent of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In FY 1985 the state will develop a ground-water strategy and protection program. The primary source of
funding for this effort will be the Section 106 supplemental grant.
3.2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: Current state position reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.i».2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
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STATE: ALABAMA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
1
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Management
Department of
Agriculture and
Industries i Division
of Agricultural
Chemistry and
Plant Industries
State Geologist,
Alabama Geological
Survey
State Geologist,
State Oil and Gas
Board
Surface Mining
Commission
Department of
Health
Ground-
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Progrex
RCRA
OIC*
X
X
PWb
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
X
Protec-
tion
fro»
Road
De-icing
Othe
X
X
aUIC a Underground Injection Control.
bPWS a Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
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3-*. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: ALABAMA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Alabama Department of Environmental Management and 0GB have
an agreement regarding the UIC program.
The Alabama Geological Survey has a formal cooperative
agreement with USGS; USGS does cooperative work with other
state agencies.
3-5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Mapping of USDWs completed; mapping of coastal aquifers is
underway by the USGS.
PWS program evaluates drinking water sources.
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STATE: ALABAMA
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cheek
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Landfills, some impoundments, and some land
application sites have monitor wells.
RCRA requirements.
Study by GSA in coastal area.
Alabama Geological Survey and USGS continue routine
data collection.
Some site monitoring by Alabama Geological Survey in the
Erne lie area.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
& STOHET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^^^-~--^^^ Context
Approaches ~^---^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ifcter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
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STATE: ALABAMA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PBOGRAMS TO PIOTBCT GBODND HATER
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Program
Status of Progrui Delegation
State bpleMoting Agency
tbuaual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Delegated for all 5 classes
of wells
Department of Environmental
Management: Classes I, III,
IV, V
State Oil and Gas Board:
Class II
Construction of new Class I wells
prohibited; amendments for Class I
being considered.
HCRA
Not delegated
Department of Environmental
Management, Land Program
Assists EPA In administering the
program in Alabama (contract
basis).
PUS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Management
Monitors raw ground water which
serves as a source of public
drinking water.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture and
Industries, Division of
Agricultural Chemistry and
Plant Industries
-199-
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STATE: ALABAMA
4.2. Oraat Status
Grant
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Mater Act
Section 205 (J)
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
DIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
SOWA
Section T»i»3(a)
Specific Ground— Water
n 1965 AUooation ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
$1,595,100 Develop a ground-Mater strategy and program, land
($155,100 for application regulations, well monitoring regulations,
ground-Mater) and data management system. Identify high priority
ground -Maters.
$273,550 None for ground-water activities.
$1,094,000 None for ground-water activities.
$751,500; Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports
potential for review, and lab expenses: $120,000a
additional
$111,700 Permitting: $300,000*
$115,800 Total budget related to ground-water protection.
$128,700 None for ground-water activities.
$311,500 Monitoring and data review: $52,500
aConducted by EPA or as part of contract with ADEN.
-200-
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STATE: ALABAMA
5. 3TATE-ORIGIMATED GROOMD-MAtER PROTSCTIOI PROGRAM
5.1. Cround-HBtor Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Strategy objectives include: (1) development and establishment by regulation of a ground-water
classification system complete with water quality standards; (2) identification of significant sources and
significant potential sources of ground-water pollution; (3) determination of whether sufficient authority exists
in the state to prevent loss of useable ground-water resources through pollution, and to obtain any additional
authority that may be required; and (4) development of a coordinated ground-water protection program which is
designed to prevent pollution of ground-water resources and which will detect and provide for mitigation of
existing ground-water pollution problems.
FY. 1984 Funding: Hone
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Honitoring
Description: Some site monitoring is conducted, including the Enelle area. Non-RCRA landfills are monitored.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State
5.3. Ground-water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Coastal plain aquifers are mapped in cooperation with the USOS.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
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STATE I ALABAMA
5.5. Parana/Control of Discharges to Oround Mater
Deaortptioti: The state maintain* a aouroe control program for many types of facilities and activities which re-
present a potential threat to ground water. These include programs for regulation of solid and hazardous waste
disposal on land; land spreading of sewage and aewage sludge disposal| underground Injection of waste (all classes
of wells)| and mining waste.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Saptlo MuMgeawat Program
Description: The state has a aeptio tank regulatory program.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: No program exists.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Besponae Program
(other than HCRA/Superfund)
Description: Any pollution of ground water is a violation of the State Water Pollution Control Act. When
pollution is found and the person responsible can be identified, clean-up enforcement action is taken.
FTC 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-202-
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STATE OHOOMD-WATER PROGRAM SOMMARI
STATE: FLORIDA
1. MATURE V THE GROOND-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Cbaraeterlstloa. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coastal Plain—
Blsoayne
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Coastal Plain-
Sand and Gravel
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Coastal Plain-
Surf iclal and Intermediate
Percent of state oorered
by this province (estimated)
Onoonfined Aquifer(s)
The Biscayne Aquifer
of Southeast Florida
is a major source of
ground water and con-
sists of Pliocene
through Holooene sedi-
ments.
The aand-and-gravel
aquifer system is lo-
cated in the western-
most Panhandle Region.
It is the major water
source, for this area
and is composed of
middle Miocene through
Holooene sands, gravels,
and clays.
The surficial and inter-
mediate aquifer system
covers a large portion of
Florida and is composed
of Miocene through Holo-
oene limestone sands and
a variety of other sedi-
ments. This system is
generally extensively
developed when better
ground-water supplies are
not available. The major
areas of development of
this aquifer system are in
South Peninsular Florida
and along the east and
southwest coastal areas.
Confined Aquifer(s)
(Continued)
-203-
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ST1TE: FLORIDA
1. MATURE OP THE GROUTO-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(I.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Chuvcteriatioa
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
The Ploridan
Physiographic
Ragioo/ProTlnoe B:
Physiographic
Baglon/Provlnce F:
Paroeat of state covered
by this province (•stlaated)
Qbeonflned Aqulfar(a)
The principal source of
ground water in Florida
is the Floridan Aquifer.
The Ploridan underlies
the entire state and is
composed of primarily
late Paleocene through
middle Miocene limestone
and dolomite interbedded
with sand, clay, and marl.
The Floridan Aquifer sup-
plies potable ground water
to all but southernmost
and westernmost Florida.
Rainfall recharge to the
Floridan Aquifer occurs in
the central Florida lake
area and also in the
northeast-central portion
of the state. Unconfined
Floridan Aquifer segments
are mostly in the Middle
Gulf region of the state.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The principal source of
ground water in Florida
is the Floridan Aquifer.
This aquifer underlies
the entire state and is
composed of late Paleocene
to early Miocene units
that form a continuous
carbonate sequence that
is hydraullcally connected
in varying degrees. The
aquifer thickness varies
from 100-3,500 feet.
Where thick deposits of
clay and marl exist
between land surface and
the Floridan, the aquifer
is confined. The aquifer
is unconfined in the
Middle Gulf region. The
confined Floridan
supplies potable ground
water to all but southern-
most and westernmost
Florida.
Motes: Florida is underlain by mostly limestone and dolomite covered with a surficial layer of discontinuous sand
and clay deposits. Essentially, all of Florida is underlain by sedimentary deposits containing economically
obtainable and potable ground-water.
-204-
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STATE: FLORIDA
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater u Percent of Total
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
{except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total S Ground Hater
Oround Utter of Total Hater
31.2 85.7
19.6 26.5
41.6 53.5
7.5 93.5
0.1
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground
water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systeas
72J
7,017,360
Domestic
Hells
18*
1,751,310
Total
90%
8,771,700
-205-
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STATE: FLORIDA
2.1. Sources (Cbaok major sources of contamination and rank top four
2 « next Boat aarioua, etc.)
— 1 « awat aerioua,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Check Rank
X 3
X 4
X
X
X
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
X 1
Source Check Rank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
2
1
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
2
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xs
1
Road salting
Other (specify):
Discharge of inadequately treated municipal wastewaters continues
a significant source of contamination.
Urban development.
Use of drainage and sinkholes to dispose of floodwaters poses a
widespread threat to sensitive aquifers.
to be
B5tormwater runoff from agricultural activities; pesticides.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile X_
Synthetic X_
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aPetroleum products.
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STATE: FLORIDA
3. STATE GBOUHD-HAtER MAIAGEMEMT SIROCTQBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored toy Statute
Statute laae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Hater Quality Assurance Act of
1983
Authorized the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation to establish ., ,
water quality database. This authority
Includes ground-water quality.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Florida Air and Water Pollution
Control Act, Chapter 403, Florida
Statutes (F.S.)
The state policy is to conserve, protect,
maintain, and improve the quality of
state waters. Pollution is a menace to
public health.
Solid waste
Resource Recovery and Management
Act, Part IV, Chapter 403, F.S.
Provides planning and technical assistance
for collection, reduction, and disposal of
solid waste.
Hazardous waste
Resource Recovery and Management
Act, Part IV, Chapter 403, F.S.
Provides planning and technical assistance
for collection, reduction, and disposal of
solid waste.
Mining
Chapter 378, F.S.
Authorized an advisory committee to
approve a master mined land reclamation
plan.
Oil and gas
Chapter 377, F.S.
Authorized regulation of oil and gas
resources and compacts.
Other (specify):
Hater use
Government agency
organization
Water Resources Act of 1972,
Chapter 373, F.S., Land and
Water Management
Environmental Reorganization Act
of 1975, Chapter 403, F.S.,
Chapter 373, F.S.
Authorized establishment of five Water
Management Districts that are or can be
delegated authority for most functions
relating to water quantity management
and allocation.
Consolidated almost all environmental
regulatory functions into the Florida
Department of Environmental Regulation.
Some water management powers that
significantly impact ground water are
delegated to the regional Water Manage-
ment Districts, including some regulatory
functions relating to well construction
and operation.
Notes: (1) Florida has the most comprehensive and extensive legislative approach to water management of any
state in the Southeast. Several statutes passed in 1972 impact ground-water management, use, and protection.
(2) Local governments in Florida are authorized to exercise land use controls, Including controls to
protect ground-water recharge areas. There have been some experiments with such controls in Dade and Volusia
Counties. This effort is supported by the Local Government Comprehensive Planning Act of 1975.
-207-
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STATS: FLORIDA
3.2. fttet* Orauod
3.2.1. Status
Policy
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy In existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cfceok
X
X
X
-203-
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
3.2.2. Darelopsnot of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-Mater policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Regulation
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Tea JL No
Florida has given statutory authority to direct, manage, and protect ground-Mater resources to the
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. The Department has created a ground-Hater program with a staff of
about 50 people. Most of the ground-water activities flow through this single point of responsibility. The state
developed a strategy in 1982 with the goal of preventing, reducing, mitigating or eliminating ground-water
pollution by current or potential contamination induced directly or indirectly by man-made activities.
3.2.3. Qiaracteriatios of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Motes: Although Florida water law is still based upon the riparian-reasonable use doctrine, legislative action
during recent years has imposed modifications considered necessary for basic protection of the ground-water
resource.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
3.3.' State Agency Baspooalbilltlw for Ground-Hater Protection
B^iuMial HI •»
•VOpOOOXVAO
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Regulation,
Ground -Hater
Section
Department of
Environmental
Regulation,
Solid and Hazardous
Hast* Sectiond
Department of
Environmental
Regulation ,
Drinking Hater
Section
Department of
Agriculture and
Consumer Services,
Division of
Inspection
Department of
Health and
Rehabilitative
Services
Regional Hater
Management Districts
Department of
Natural Resources
Ground-
Hater
Pnllnv/
• VULVJ f
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
x«
PHSb
X
PB°
Other
!
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Iquifer
Napping.
etc.
X
X
Ground*
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X
X
X
X
*UIC * Underground Injection Control.
>>PWS * Public Hater System.
CPE * Pesticides Enforcement.
dAlso regulates state super fund (not a delegated program).
*Stat* authority; however, EPA currently administers the UIC program for this class of well.
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-------
STATE: FLORIDA
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topic*
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground -water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Cheek If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreeaaota
and Agencies
DER and Hater Management Districts have a cooperative working
agreement .
Hater Management Districts, USGS, EPA, and local programs work
with DER on technical advisory committees.
USGS has cooperative working agreements with several state
agencies.
There are both formal and informal agreements and operating
procedures among the Divisions of the Department of
Environmental Regulation, the Field Districts of the Division of
Environmental Permitting, and the Regional Hater Management
Districts. Regional Hater Management Districts develop
cooperative arrangements with local governments; there are also
agreements among FDER, FDNR, and USGS to exchange ground -water
data.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource lasesnaefit Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The USCS completed a set of maps for all aquifers. These maps
illustrate all major sources of ground-water supplies and show
locations of cities and communities in relation to the ground-
water sources. The maps graphically define the structure of
Florida's aquifers and the dimensions of the top, base, and
thickness of each aquifer. Maps also state the aquifer quality,
drawn from a consolidation of historical water quality
reports. These maps illustrate some of the contaminants and
their relation to usable ground-water sources.
The Hater Quality Assurance Act of 1983 funded and authorized
the establishment of a statewide Ambient Ground-Hater Network, i
A plan is being developed for septic tanks; a study of i
industrial aurface impoundment impacts on the Floridan,
Bisosyne, and sand/gravel aquifers is also being developed.
The Hater Quality Monitoring Network is also designed to
locate sources of pollution and design monitoring networks
to evaluate their impact on the various aquifers.
-211-
-------
STATE: FLORIDA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Hooltorlng Program
Type* of Monitoring
Mem-hazard oua
mate sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Programs Include the Surface Impoundment Assessment
and the Open Dump Inventory.
The Water Management Districts routinely monitor for
salt water Intrusion.
Extensive ground-water monitoring for £06 and temik
is being conducted.
N
The Florida Water Quality Assurance Act of 1983 authorized
the Department of Environmental Regulation to Improve and
expand a water quality database, including ground-water
quality. An extensive monitoring program is now being
developed .
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
Barne of
Database
(Specify)
GTRS
CPSI
State
system ~
STORET
compatible
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
•~-~^_^^ Context
Approaches ~— ^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
tfctw Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
XXX
X Xa
X X
xb
*A special task force was formed to deal with ground-water pollution from EDB.
bThe Department of Environmental Regulation has developed brochures, periodicals,
pamphlets, a slide show, and TV advertisements to publicize the ground-water program.
-212-
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STATE: FLORIDA
4. STATE IMPLBMEHTATIOH OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND VATBR
1.1. Frogrui Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Qbumial/lotevorthy
Prognui Gharacteriaties
DIG
Delegated for Classes I, III,
IV, and V wells
Department of Environmental
Regulation, Ground-Water
Section
Construction of new hazardous
waste wells prohibited;
permitting program for certain
categories of Class V wells.
RCRA
Delegated
Interim authorizations,
Phase I, Phase II, A, B,
and C
Department of Environmental
Regulation, Solid and
Hazardous Haste Section
Program has banned land disposal
in certain areas based upon site
geohydrology and water use. The
legislature also banned under-
ground disposal of hazardous
waste.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Regulation, Drinking Water
Section
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services,
Division of Inspection
A small pesticide review section
has been established in DER. A
Pesticide fieview Council is also
established which has members from
state agencies, academia, and
consulting firms.
-213-
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4.2. Grant Status
STATE: FLORIDA
Grant
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(j)
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(g)
PCRA
Section 3011
RCTA
Section 3012
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
SDWA
Section lW3(a)
Tl 1985 Allooation
$1,530,300
($150,300 for
ground -water)
$825,770
($135,000 for
ground-water)
$3,303,000
$1,110,000;
potential for
additional
$171,100
$556,000
$200,100
$260,600
$974,800
Specific Ground-Water
ProJwta/Taaka and Budget
Equipment and supplies for the aonitoring network,
data management, and ground-water pollution site
investigation.
Studies on ground-water pollution fro* abandoned
landfills and open dumps; Volusia County Aquifer
study; and Cade County pesticides study.
None for ground-water activities.
Ground-water aonitoring inspections, reports review,
and lab expenses: $177,500
Permitting: $222,500
Total budget related to ground-water contamination
from uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
None for ground-water activities.
Monitoring and data review.
-214-
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STATE: FLORIDA
5. STATE-OBIGHATED GBOOID-WATM PROTECTIO* PROGRAMS
5.1. Oround-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The ultimate goal of the ground-water strategy In Florida is to prevent, reduce, or eliminate
ground-water pollution by current and potential contamination induced directly or indirectly by man-made
activities. More specific objectives Include: (1) the establishment and operation of a statewide ground-water
monitoring network; (2) continuation and improvement of the permitting program designed to regulate discharges to
ground water, Including the ground-water classification system; (3) the continuation and improvement of the
various ground-water protection/hazardous waste control programs; (4) the development of a system designed to
better locate sources of pollution through property tax rolls; (5) the upgrading of training activities in field
Investigation, ground-water contamination modeling, and data management and analysis; (6) development of a
•echaniam to better control and regulate the impact of nonpoint source pollution on the ground water; (7)
technical assistance in matters which impact ground water; (8) clean-up of polluted aquifers; (9) public education
on ground-water Issues; and (10) ground-water research.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
(including data management)
Description: The state has developed two computer systems: one for inventorying the pollution sources and the
other for ground-water testing and reporting. When operational, these systems will contain data on aquifer
characteristics, boundaries, and monitored contaminants. A part of this effort will be to determine the best
locations for ground-water monitoring wells for a monitoring network. Earlier studies located 1,800 wells that
could be used in the network, but additional wells may have to be drilled where no suitable wells exist.
FT 1984 Funding: Unavailable
Funding Source: General revenue
5.3* Ground-Water Resource Isaeaament/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Improvement and expansion of the water quality database, Including ground water, was authorized by
the Water Quality Assurance (WQA) Act of 1983.
FT 1984 Funding: 11.7 million
Funding Source: General revenue
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The WQA Act established the Florida Pesticide Review Council which, in conjunction with the Florida
Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) and the state Department of Agriculture, is monitoring drinking
water wells for EDB and temik (aldicarb), and taking corrective action for EDB-contaminated sites.
FY 1984 Funding: $5-*6 million
Funding Source: WQA Act 1983 fund
-215-
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STATE: FLOHIDA
5.5. Permits/Control of DlMbsrges to Ground Utter
Description: The state Is attempting to pass additional ground-water legislation to strengthen and extend
existing statutes and rules, such as laws to regulate gasoline storage and to designate a specific authority for
regulating pesticide use. In addition, FDEH has a permitting program for the control of discharges to ground
water.
PX 1984 Funding: Unavailable
Funding Source: General revenue
5.6* Septio Ifenagesjaot Program
Description: The Department of Health and Rehabilitation Services administers the septic tank/individual waste
treatment system program.
FY 1984 Funding: Unspecified for this category at this time.
Funding Source: General revenue
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: An underground storage tank rule baa been developed.
fS 1984 Funding: Unavailable
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: A state clean-up fund was provided under the Water Quality Assurance Act. A hazardous waste clean-
up and a pesticide contamination remedial action trust fund have also been established.
FY 1984 Funding: 412.0 million
Funding Source: Taxation on chemical industry, fines imposed on polluters, and general revenue.
5.9. Other
-216-
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STATE OROPTP-WATER PROGRAM 50MHAHT
STATE: GEORGIA
1. MATURE OF THE GROOMD-VATER •ESODHCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologle Chareoteriatios. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Chvaeterlatlca
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
•aglon/ProTinoe B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Valley and Ridge
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
60S
Oncoofiaed Aquifer(s)
Region is underlain by
sand-and-gravel aquifers.
Local alluvial aquifers
also are present.
Region ia underlain by
crystalline (mainly
igneous and metamorphic)
rocks with ground water
occurring in fractured
and weathered zones.
High angle fractures
•pinch-out" with depth.
Transmlssive horizontal
fractures may occur at
depths. Local alluvial
aquifers also are
present.
Region is underlain by
faulted and folded
sedimentary rocks. The
major aquifers are
carbonate rocks.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
From oldest to youngest
the confined aquifer
systems are: (1)
Lower Cretaceous; (2)
Cretaceous; (3) Clayton;
(4) Clalborne; (5)
Principal Artesian
(Floridan); (6) Miocene;
and (7) Miocene to recent.
Each of the above is
generally unconfined in
outcrop or recharge area
and becomes progressively
confined downdip. Downdip
portions of the aquifer
may be saline.
None, or very rare.
where overlain by shales,
downdip carbonate rocks
and sandstones may be
con fined.
(Continued)
-217-
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STATE: GEORGIA
•ATORB OF THB OtOOID-HATBR KBSOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologle Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, weal extent and thickness, transmlsslvlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Oharaeterlatlea
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Cumberland Plateau
Physiographic
legion/ProTlaoe B:
Blue Ridge
Physiographic
Region/ProvlQce F:
Percent of state cotei-eJ
by this province (ectlaated)
Onoonfined Aqulfer(s)
Region la underlain by
slightly tilted sedi-
mentary rocks. The
major aquifers are
carbonate rocks. Local
alluvial aquifers also
are present.
Region is underlain by
crystalline rocks, with
ground•water occurring
in fractured and
weathered zones. Local
alluvial aquifers also
are present.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Where overlain by shales,
downdlp carbonate rocks
may be confined.
None, or very rare.
-218-
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STATE: GEORGIA
1.2. Primary Owa of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Usage (1980)
DM
Public Mater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural*
Doaeatlc/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
19.8 29.6
34.3 46.5
32.5 65.1
13.4 93.4
100.0
'Irrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells
31.69 16»
Total
47. 6%
2,609,000
-219-
-------
STATE: (BORGIA
2.1. Sources (Check major aoureea of contamination
2 * next Boat aerioua, etc.)
rank top four — 1
•t aerioua,
Source Cbeok lank
Septic tanks Z 4
Municipal landfills
On-aite Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments Xs 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Injection wells
Cbeok tank
Z*>
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
X 1
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X 2
Road salting
aDisposal of industrial wastes in sink holes and other unregulated pits,
ponds, and lagoons is a potential threat to shallow aquifers.
bState has not approved deep-well injection of wastes. Aquifers are
vulnerable to this practice.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
X
X
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity X
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)
-220-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
3. STATE GROUBD-NATER NAIAGBMNT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Kane/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General Miter pollution
control
Vater Quality Control Act, Including
Safe Drinking Water amendments
Requires that state waters be utilized
prudently to the Baximum benefit of the
people in order to restore and maintain
a reasonable degree of purity.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Water Quality Control Act, including
Safe Drinking Water amendments
See previous description.
Solid waste
Solid Waste Management Act
Establishes authority for control of
potential ground-water pollution by
solid wastes.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management Act
Establishes authority for control of
potential ground-water pollution by
hazardous wastes.
Mining
Surface Mining Act
Provides a statutory basis for protection
of ground water from mining operations.
Surface coal mining is excluded.
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas and Deep Drilling Act
Provides protection of ground-water from
oil and gas operations.
Other (specify):
General environmental
resources
Radioactivity
Salt water intrusion
and ground-water
management
Executive Reorganization Act
of 1972
Radiation Control Act
Ground-Water Use Act of 1972
Provides an integrated system for
"one-step" permitting and standard-
setting, including administration of
EPA-delegated program functions.
Establishes authority for control of
ground-water pollution by radioactive
wastes.
Provides for protection of ground water
from salt water intrusion. Authorizes
permitting system for ground-water
withdrawal of 100,000 GPD or more.
Agricultural users must report ground-
water use.
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-221-
-------
3T1TE: OBOBGIA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Vater Pallor
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yea X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Impl
Zn 1984 the state developed a comprehensive management plan for ground Hater. This plan is now being
ted-with state and Federal funds (106 grant).
3.2.3. Coaraoterlatloa of Policy Developed
type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Current state position still reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
Note: The state considers ground-water classification to be technically unsound in Georgia. The state, however,
does distinguish water quality characteristics, such as fresh vs. saline, for different aquifer systems.
3.2.5. CfcaUlty Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-222-
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STATE: OBORGIA
3.3. SUM Agency Responsibilities for around-Utter Protection
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Environmental
Protection Division
Department of
Agriculture ,
Pesticides Division
Georgia
Transportation
Department
Oround-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
01(5
X
wsb
X
rs°
X
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping,
•to.
X
Oround-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conaer-
ntion
X<«
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
Otbe
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Regulated under the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Act.
-223-
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STATE: GEORGIA
3.*.
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of AgreeaMats
and Agencies
Cooperative agreement between state Environmental Protection
Division, Water Protection and Geologic Survey Branch, and USGS;
cooperative work between USGS and other state agencies on
request .
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Aaae
t Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
UIC Program: The state estimates that about $677.000 ($162.000
in state funds and $515,000 in Federal funds) was spent on the
aquifer designation program for fiscal years 1981-1983. Through
a UIC grant, Georgia identified and mapped a number of major
aquifer systems, as well as other formations, producing 65
maps. For each aquifer, several categories of maps and diagrams
have been prepared, including structure contour maps Indicating
the elevations of the top and the base of each aquifer, water
quality maps showing concentrations of total dissolved solids or
sodium chloride, geologic cross sections, and miscellaneous maps
showing current flow conditions and other data relevant to an
assessment of the state's aquifers.
State Programs: Between 1978 and 1984, the state performed
extensive ground-water studies as part of its Accelerated
Ground-Water Program. This program Involved mapping aquifers
throughout the state (but primarily in the Coastal Plain).
Twenty-three publications were proposed. State funding was
about $2,058,500 with an additional $1,493,500 made available
from USGS as part of a joint funding agreement.
The Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network monitors 125 wells
for water quality and quantity.
-224-
-------
STATS: (BORGIA
3.6. State Ground-water Monitoring Program
Tjrpw of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
imste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Deaorlntlon of Monitoring Program
Ground-water Monitoring la performed at selected
sanitary landfills aa well as at municipal and
industrial waste water land treatment operations.
Thirty-four facilities that store or handle
hazardous waste have ground-water monitoring.
A salt water intrusion monitoring program is
operative in the Savannah/Brunswick Region.
Pesticide monitoring is performed from time to
time in southwest Georgia.
During fiscal years 1981-1983, the state spent about
$650,000 (consisting of $130,000 in state funds and
$220,000 in Federal funds) for monitoring and
collecting ground-water quality data on over 2,500
public ground-water systems. The state is developing
a program to monitor additional substances not now
monitored under the act to evaluate the area's
vulnerability to various types of contamination due
to Its industries and activities. The state will
then monitor for potential contamination related
to that activity. To date, the state has completed
drilling 73 monitoring wells in the central and
southwestern regions of the state. Drilling of
monitoring wells in the coastal region is currently
under way. After fiscal year 1985, Georgia plans
to have about 125 water quality monitoring wells
in service, in addition to the over 2,500 public
water systems from which they currently collect data.
Limited site monitoring under EPA-delegated programs.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
•a*e of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-^^^ Context
Approaches -~~^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ifetar Permit Adoption, water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X« X X
X8
X«
X> X X
X X
*As part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineera/state/municlpality water management plans.
-225-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
a. STATE IHPLEIdlTATIO* Of FIOEKAL PIOOIANS TO P1OTBCT 6ROOID VATEB
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Age&ey
(kmaual/loteworthy
Program Characteristics
QIC
Primary for all classes
of wells
Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental
Protection Division,
Geological Survey Branch
State discourages construction
of Type I wells.
RCRA
Phase I, Phase XI, A, B, C
of Interim Authority
Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental
Protection Division,
Land Protection Branch
PWS
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental
Protection Division,
Water Protection Branch
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Pesticides Division
-226-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
4.2. Grant Statue
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJecta/Taaks ml Budget
Clean Niter Act
Section 106
$1,676,000
($176,000
for ground-Mater)
Strengthen and accelerate implementation of the Ground-
Hater Management Plan by providing funds for collection
of monitoring data, data management, resource/
contamination source investigations, and public
education.
Clean Water Act
$1113,620
None used for ground-water activities.
Clean Nater Act
Section 205(g)
$1,651,000
None used for ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,060,100 Ground-water monitoring inspection, reports review, and
lab expenses: $69,800
Permitting: $32'*,000
UIC
$61,000
Total budget related to ground water.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(l)
$173,700
None used for ground-water activities.
SDWA
Section I413(a)
$572,200
Monitoring and data review: $201,000
-227-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
5. 3TATB-ORIGIEATBD GROUVD-VATER PIOTICTIOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state plan has three principal elements: protection of ground-water quality, management of
ground-water quantity, and monitoring. Protection involves prevention through environmental permitting, detection
and mitigation of existing problems, development of protective standards where permits are not required, and
public education.
FT 1984 Funding: Mot funded in FT 1984.
Funding Source: State and EPA
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: State is expanding a network of monitoring wells, as discussed in Section 3.6.
FT 1984 Funding: $89,400 (state) plus $89,400 (USGS)
Funding Source: State and USGS
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Aaaeamment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Extensive investigations have been and are being conducted, as discussed in Section 3.5.
FT 1984 Funding: $352,000 (state) plus $237,000 (USGS)
Funding Source: State and USGS
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FT 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
-223-
-------
STATE: GEORGIA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: Aa part of ground-water policy, the state will protect all freshwater ground water for future use
through its penult approval program. The EPD has a source control program for solid and hazardous waste, land
disposal/application of non-hazardous waste, mining waste, and underground injection wells.
FT 1984 Funding: $1,889,000
Funding Source: State and EPA
5*6. Septic Management Program
Description: The septic tank regulatory program is administered by the Department of Human Resources. Septic
system wells, however, are part of the 01C program.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: EPD maintains an Emergency Response Team to handle all contamination responses.
F* 1984 Funding: Not separated out in budget.
Funding Source: State and EPA
5.9. Other
-229-
-------
8TATB OROPIP-WATBR PROGRAM SDIOUHT
sun-, ninocn
1. IAT0RB OP THE OBOOID-NATEB BBSOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo CtarMtwiatios. Describe general geological and hydrologloal oharacteriatica
(i.e. formations, rook tjrpea, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/TroTiaoe A:
Central Plain
(Jaokaon Purchase)
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Valley and Ridge
(Eastern Coal Field)
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
(Coastal Plain,
Mississippi*!! Plateau,
Western Coal Fields,
Bluegrass)
Percent of state covered
by this province (aatlaated)
62%
Onoonflned Aquifer(s)
Aquifers consist gen-
erally of sand. The
Tertiary and Cretaceous
aquifers are good
sources of water.
Aquifers consist gen-
erally of sandstone.
These Pennsylvania
sandstone aquifers
supply water mostly
for domestic and
stock use.
Aquifers consist gen-
erally of sandstone in
the Western Coal Fields,
and limestone in the
Bluegrass and
Hisslssipplan Plateau.
The Pennsylvania sand-
stone aquifers supply
water mostly for domestic
and stock use. The lime-
stones present typical
karstic characteristics
and supply water for
several small towns and
domestic supplies.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Notes: Other aquifers consist of the glacial outwash material of sand and gravel In the alluvium along the
northernmost rivers.
-230-
-------
STATE: CBITOCn
1.2. Primary Uaea of Ground Hater u Peroant of ToUl usage
Use
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
( except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
* of Total
Oroumd Hater
18.9
58.1
0.1
22.6
100
% Ground Hater
of Total Hater
13.2
41.0
4.1
90.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
22. 5*
827,000
-231-
-------
STATE t BROCKI
2.1. Souroea (OMok major aouroea of ooatutfofetiob and
2 • out moat merlons, etc.)
top four — 1 •
Scare* Cheek Ink
SepUo tanks
Municipal land fills X
On-slte industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills I
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Coal Mining X
Source Check lank
Injection wells X*
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X*>
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
•Oil and gas brines are a potential threat to aquifers by upward migration
in abandoned and improperly plugged wells.
°Burlal of low-level nuclear wastes at Maxey Flats; several sites In
Kentucky on the EPA National Priority List.
.,-
Notes: Most widespread ground-water problems are associated with coal
mining, domestic and industrial disposal practices in most areas of the
state, and inadequate control of wells in the complex aquifer system of the
Mlssissippian plateau.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-232-
-------
STATE:
ROCKY
3. arm OIOUID-HATBR NAIAOBNEMT STIUCTUHB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to around-Utter Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Nonttertd by Statute
Central eater pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute laaa/lo.
Kentucky Revised Statutes
224.005-221.135
- - _
11 >^ ,- - -r, • • -••*','-• ,r- •', . • - ^ ^,
Description of Authority Pertaining
to fecund-Hater Protection
Under these statutes, aoat of the state
regulatory authorities relating to ground
water were organized under the Kentucky
Natural Resources and Environmental Pro-
tection Cabinet.
*
"
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-233-
-------
STATE: BRDCKT
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No __
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Between 1980-1981, the state conducted numerous projects which identified existing ground-water
problems, issues, and needs. In November 1981, the Kentucky Water Management Plan was released. It called for
the development of a clear and workable ground-water policy. With the assistance of 106 and 205(J) grant funds,
the state will develop a ground-water policy and a ground-water protection program.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: Current state position reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
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STATE: KBIT OCR
3.3. SUtt Agency iMpoulbllltiM for Ground-NhUr ProUotloa
• Aj| iwwtfl 4 IS 1 A
State
Ag«Dcy
Department for
Environmental
Protection
Department of
Agriculture ,
Division of
Pesticides
Kentucky Geological
Survey, University
of Kentucky
Department for
Surface Mining
Reclamation and
Enforcement
Department of
Health Survices
Department for
Mines and Minerals
Qround>
Hater
Pal lav/
tale/
Standard
r«der*ll7-D*l*gmt«i rrofru
*CRA
X
TO^
P»b
X
PIC
X
Otter
D*U
Collco-
UOB,
IfltHfjH*
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
X
Bitaind—
UaUr
Quality
X
Soil
vmtlon
Mining
X
Protao-
tlon
fr*^
Bowl
De-icing
Otnei
X
X
X
aUIC - Underground Injection Control.
bPWS s Public Hater System.
CPE : Pesticides Enforcement.
-235-
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STATE: KEftTDCR
3.*. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-Mater contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
dwck if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Kentucky Geological Survey maintains cooperative working
agreements with USGS.
3>5. Status of Ground-Mater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The Kentucky Geological Survey identified and delineated
USDWs under a contract with EPA. Local studies of aquifers
were conducted under the Section 208 program.
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STATE: EKMTOCET
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Kentucky Geological Survey does some monitoring in
cooperation with USGS.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
" ^^^ Context
Approaches ~~ ^____^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Begulatlon Ground -
ifcur Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
X
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STATE: BNTUCR
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT ORODID HATER
4.1. Proem Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
ObuBual/Notevortby
Program Characteristics
rac
Not delegated
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I, II,
A, B, C
Department for Environmental Well developed field office system
Protection, Division of Waste directly controlled from central
Management office.
PUS
Delegated
Department for Environmental
Protection
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Division of Pesticides
-238-
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STATE: OKTOCCr
4.2. Crant SUtua
Grant
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (j)
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23
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STATE: IBITDCKT
5. ST1TE-OHIGI11TBD OBODID-HATEK PIOTECTIOI PIOGRANS
5.1. Grand-Water Strategy
(including ground-Hater quality standards and classification)
Description: Policy development has included assessment of existing laws, regulations, and policies; profile of
state agency activities impacting ground water; an inventory of injection wells; identification and delineation of
those aquifers which would serve as potential drinking water sources; and development of options. The results of
these efforts were published in the Kentucky Mater Management Plan dated November 1981.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Kentucky maintains a monitoring well network for measurement of ground-water quality and hydrologic
parameters.
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-240-
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8T4TI: DROCR
5.S. rmlta/Control of Dl»oharg*s to Orouad Water
Description! State maintains • source control program for many types of facilities and activities which represent
a potential threat to ground water. Kentucky maintains a state regulatory prograa for solid and hazardous waste
disposal on land, land spreading of sewage, sewage sludge and other waste, lining, and surface Impoundments.
FT 1980 funding i
Fund lag Source t
5.6. Beetle Ifcnagssisnt Program
fiesoriptioni Program exists for septio tank control.
FT 19&4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Dnderground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than FCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
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STATE OBOmro-WATEH PBOCBAM SOMMART
STATE: MISSISSIPPI
1. MATURE OP THB GROOHD-VATEB BBS00HCE
1.1. Geologic and Bytlrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmisslvlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
legion/Province a:
Gulf Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Pbyalograpblc
Region/ProTinoe C:
Percent of state cowed
by this province (aatlaated)
ODConflaed aquifer(s)
Extensive lowland over-
lies unconsolidated
sand, gravel, clay,
silt, marl, and lime-
stone. Alluvial valleys
also exist. The Coastal
Plain Cretaceous and
Tertiary strata dip
generally southward into
the eabayment. All
Coastal Plain formations,
except the Cretaceous
chalk strata of the Selma
group and the Tertiary
Porters Creek clay, In-
clude water-bearing beds,
mostly sand and gravel,
but also some limestone.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The dip of the sediments
and alteration of sand
and clay beds cause
artesian conditions which
exist, except in outcrop
areas, in all the
Cretaceous and Tertiary
aands and in some
Quaternary sands.
-242-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
1.2. Primary »••» of Ground Hater am Paroant of Total Usage
DM
Public Vater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
15.0 86.1
30.2 29.9
52.8 81.8
2.0 71.4
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
83.6J
2,092,500
Domestic
Hells
8.09
200,000
Total
91.6*
2,292,500
-243-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of
2 « next scat serious, etc.)
itasdmtion and rank top four —
rious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Cheek Rank
X
X
X*
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
X 4
X" 1
X 2
Source Check Rank
Injection wells X* 3
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify)
•Oil and gas production activities are the most significant water quality
issue in the state.
''Unregulated industrial waste disposal sites.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
X
xa
Metals X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
*Saline contamination of aquifers exists
near the coast and in the southern portion
of the state.
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
3. STATE GROOro-HATEB NABAGEMEIT STBOCTDBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Bajw/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control
Air and Water Pollution Control
Act of 1966
Established general pollution control
authority and created the Air and Water
Water Pollution Control Coaanlsaion.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Law of 1974
Established general regulatory authority
for solid waste disposal.
Hazardous waste
Solid Waste Disposal Law of 1971
Established general regulatory authority
for hazardous waste disposal.
Mining
Oil and gas
Section 53-1-1 et al.. and Section
53-3-1 et al.. Mississippi Code 19"*2
Established a regulatory program for
proper disposal of oil and gas waste.
Other (specify):
Surface Water Appropriation Act
of 1956
Ground-Water Management Act
of 1976
Established the appropriation doctrine
as water law.
Established the program of "capacity use
areas" with permitting procedures.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
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STATEt MISSISSIPPI
3.2.2. Development of around-Utter Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources
Yes
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Efforts to develop a state ground-water strategy were suspended in 1982 in anticipation of action by the
state legislature. The 1983 Mississippi State Legislature authorized establishment of a Hater Management Council
to review the water resources and the existing institutional, management, and regulatory arrangements of the
state, and to report and make recommendations for action to the state legislature by January 1985. The state has
proposed a strategy and ground-water protection program in FY 1985 with the support of Federal funds under the 106
grant.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: The state has adopted the appropriation doctrine of water law with authority to designate "capacity use
areas.*
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-246-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
•esponsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Pollution
Control
Department of
Natural Resources
Board of Health
Department of
Agriculture and
Commerce, Division
of Plant Industry
Oil and Gas Board
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Land and
Water Resources
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Geology
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Progru
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
PW5b
X
PKC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping,
•to.
X
X
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Otnei
X
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS s Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
-247-
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STATEt MISSISSIPPI
3.4. InUr-Agenoy
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Undtrground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incident!
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Review of water resources
Cbaok If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreeaaota
and Agaociea
The Bureau of Geology in the Mississippi Department of Natural
Resources has continuing working agreements with the USGS.
Under authority of legislation passed in 1983, the Governor
appointed the Mississippi Water Management Council to review
water resources, and the state's institutional arrangements
water management and regulation. The council will report to
state legislature by January 1985.
for
the
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Owok if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
USDWs have been mapped and numerous studies have been and are
being undertaken by the Department of Natural Resources,
Including studies defining the effect of brine disposal on the
state's aquifers.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
A surface impoundment assessment has been completed under
the authority of RCRA. The state proposed during FY 1985 to
conduct an assessment of several types of waste sites, including
Impoundments, landfills, and injection wells.
Other (apecify)
-248-
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STATE« MISSISSIPPI
3.6. 8UU Orouad-VaUr Noeitoriat Pro«r*«
Type* of Hoeitorlaf
Non-haxirdoua
mat* altea
Hazardous waate aitea
Salt water
Peatloidea
Anblant nonitoring
Other
OMok
X
Brief DMoripUoB of HoBiteriac Prograa
A atatewide network of 300 wells in 20 fresh water
aquifers.
Honltoriof
DaU
Oo^puUriicd
(tteok)
Naan of
taubaae
(Specify)
3.7. State Prograae for Public Participation
•^-^^^^ Context
Approaches -^__^
Public hearings, Beet ings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Ikter Permit adoption, Mater
laaues laauance Cbaagea Strategy Other
X X
X X
-249-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
4. STATS IMPLEMENTATION OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GBOUID WATER
4.1. Pragma Status
Federal
Program
Status of Progru Delegation
State Implementing Agency
OBusual/Notevorthy
Prograa Characteristics
UIC
Delegated for Classes I, III,
IV, and V wells
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Pollution Control
The state requires a pre-
appllcatlon feasibility analysis
which oust address all available
options to underground injection.
RCRA
Delegated, full authority
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Pollution Control
Mississippi's is the second
state program in the nation to
obtain full authority.
PHS
Delegated
Board of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
and Commerce, Division of
Plant Industry
-250-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
4.2. Orut SUtua
Grant
FT 1965 Alienation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$903,700 Develop a strategy and ground-water protection
($103,700 for program, a regulatory program for unregulated sources,
ground-water) routine coordinated pollution incident investigative
procedures, and an assessment of potential sources of
contamination.
Clean Water Act
Section 205CJ)
$220,410
None for ground water.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
1682,000
None for ground water.
RCRA
Section 3011
$380,600;
potential for
additional
$51,900
Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
lab expenses, and permitting.
UIC
$136,100
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$115,700
None for ground water.
SDWA
Section
$136,100
Monitoring and data review.
-251-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Vater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Strategy objectives Include development of: a program for the protection of ground water;
coordination procedures for state agencies; ground-water investigative procedures; an inventory of existing
programs and technical activities of the state, including monitoring activities; and an inventory of known
potential sources of ground-water contamination.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: State network operations began in FY 1981. Samples are collected for water quality analysis on an
annual basis. Data are not computerized.
FY 1984 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: Federal and state (UIC grant)
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-252-
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STATE: MISSISSIPPI
5.5. Feralta/Cootrol of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: Mississippi maintains a state regulatory program for solid and hazardous waste disposal on land, and
underground Injection of waste.
FI 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic tfenageMBt Progru
Description: The septic tank regulatory program is administered by the state Board of Health.
Fit 198M Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Progravs
Description:
FY 196J» Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Oonfaialnation Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Mississippi has an emergency clean-up fund, but It Is usually inadequate for major clean-
up problems.
n 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-253-
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Stun OROtnro-WATBR PROGRAM SOItURI
STATE: 10HTH CAROL1IA
1. MATURE Of THE OtOOID-WATER RESOURCE
1.1.
Oeoloslo and Bjdrologlo ttaractariatio*. Describe general geological and hydrologieal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiaslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Ctaraoterlatiofl
Phyaiocrapbio
Begion/Prorinoe A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTlaoe
Blue Ridge
C:
Percent of •tote covered
by this prorinoe (•atlaated)
Approximately 50%
35%
15U
Onconfined Aquifer (a)
This region'a ground water
lies in sand-and gravel
aquifers. The major
Coastal Plain aquifers
include (from shallowest
to deepest, respectively)
the unoonfined aquifer
unit. For the most part
the Pungo River is an
aqultard unit.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in the bedrock,
in discontinuous sand
lenses within weathered
bedrock, and in alluvial
deposits.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in the bedrock,
in discontinuous sand
lenses within weathered
bedrock, and in alluvial
deposits.
Confined Aquifer(a)
The Tertiary sand aquifer
system, Tertiary limestone
aquifer system (Castle
Hayne limestone) and
Cretaceous sand aquifer
systems comprise the
confined aquifers in the
Coastal Plain.
-254-
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STATE: BORTH CAROLIIA
1.2. Primary "aea of Ground Vater ma Percent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Vater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Water
Ground Mater of Total Hater
17.5 12.3
30.1 2.5
9.8 29.5
42.6 96.6
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
32. 2*
1,890,900
-255-
-------
nmt mm CABOLXIA
1.1. tairoM (C
2 • BWt Boat aWiOUa, aftO.)
tlon mA ruk top four — 1 • aoat Mrieut,
aVoupaM Cbook Mi&k
Septic Unka
Hunlolpal landfill* X 3
On-aite ioduatrlal Z 3
landfills (moludinc
pita, lacoona, aurfaoa
iapoundaanta)
Otbar laadfilla
Surfao* lapoundaanta I* 2
(•xoludiag oil and
gaa brio* pita)
Oil and faa brlna pita
Underground atoraga X 1
tanks
Othar (apaolfV):
Hazardoua tiaata X 1
matarial apilla
(PCBa)
Seuroa Cbaok lank
Znjaotion walla
Abandenad baiardeua
mat* aitaa
Ragulatad haaardoua
mat* aitaa
Salt mt*r intruaien X
Land application/
traataant
Agricultural
Road aalting
'Disposal of industrial mstes in unregulated pits, ponds, and lagoons.
.2. Contaminating Subatanoea
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Peaticldes
Other (specify)
-256-
-------
ITATIl 101TH aiOLZIA
3. nan noom-vini MiiAOiion KNCTIIU
3.1. SUte SUtutM PertainJU* to Qraund-MtUr Quality and Pollution Control
MbjMt Monitored by Statute
General wt«r pollution
oontrol
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standard* )
Solid Mtt«
Hazardous mate
Mining
Oil and gaa
Other (•pacify):
Water uae
Statute IttM/No.
Water and air Roouroe* »ot
Water and Air Reaouroea Act
North Carolina General Statute,
Ch. 130
Hazardoua Waate Treatment and
Ciapoaal Aot of 1961
Oil Pollution and Hazardous
Substances Control Act of 1976
Water Use Act of 1967
DeaoriptiOB of authority Fertalning
to QrouBa-4kUr froteotion
•
Charges a nine-member commission to
develop and build a hazardous waste
treatment and diapoaal system by 1967.
Water withdrawal issues.
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state atatutea for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-257-
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STATE: NORTH CAROLINA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Division of Environmental Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
North Carolina has an established ground-water protection program, and has set standards and classified
ground waters of the state. The goals of this program are: (1) pollution prevention; (2) pollution response; and
(3) resource management. To prevent pollution of the ground waters, conditions are written into permits
restricting any activity which may result in standards violations. Compliance with permit conditions is
monitored, and the state has an aggressive public information program actively promoting the concept of "pollution
prevention pays." Initial steps are also being taken to develop an underground storage tank registration
program. To respond to incidents of actual and potential ground-water contamination, an incident management
program has been initiated. Under this program all potential sources of ground-water pollution have been
identified, and a system set up for source assessment, discovery and emergency response to new sources, remedial
action where necessary, and reclasslfication of ground waters where restoration is infeaslble.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Current ground-water management reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? tea X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Fresh ground water used as the primary source of drinking water (CA); brackish waters at depths greater
than 20 feet that recharge surface and ground water (GSA); fresh water at depths less than 20 feet that recharge
surface and ground water (GB); brackish waters at less than 20 feet (GSB)j contaminated water technically or
economically Infeaslble for upgrading to a higher class (GC).
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-258-
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STATE: IORTH CAROLINA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Mater Prot«cUgD
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources
and Community
Development,
Division of
Environmental
Management
Department of Human
Resources ,
Division of
Health Services,
Environmental Health
Seotiond
Department of
Agriculture ,
Pesticide and Plant
Protection Division
Department of
Natural Resources
and Community
Development, Land
Resources Division
Department of
Administration
State Geological
Survey
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Progra*
RCRA
X
01 C*
X
PHSb
X
PK°
X
i
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
|
i r
j
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-lelng
Othe
X
X
X
X
*UIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Also handles state superfund (not a delegated program).
-259-
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STATE: 10BTH CAROLINA
3.*. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Implementation
deck If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
and the Department of Human Resources review procedures
applicable to the management of solid and hazardous waste.
Protocol under development defines appropriate procedures for
the Department of Natural Resources and Human Development and
the Department of Human Resources personnel.
USGS maintains cooperative working agreements with several
divisions of the state Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development, as well as other state agencies, upon
request and availability of funds.
Some formal and informal agreements exist among departments of
state government; most such agreements are for implementation
of provisions of the enabling legislation.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
USDWs have been mapped; a detailed assessment of ground-water
resources has been completed
Ambient ground-water quality
A continuous program of data collection utilizing an ambient
monitoring network and sampling in selected areas.
Assessment at waste sites
All known potential pollution sites have been Inventoried.
Other (specify)
-260-
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STATE: 10BTH CAROLINA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Ron-hazard oua
mate altea
Hazardous waste aitea
Salt water
Pestictdea
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Deaorlptlon of Monitoring Program
All aolid waate land f ilia monitored by the Department
of Human Resources, WWTP lagoons, and land
application systems are required to submit results of
self-monitoring .
PCS landfill monitoring by the Department of Human
Resources .
Research stations (wells) have been strategically
placed to determine the shape of the salt water
intrusion. A network of monitoring wells has been
installed around areas of industrial pumping to
identify salt water encroachment along the coastal
plain.
Limited monitoring for the presence of Aldicarb
and EDB.
A coastal plain monitoring network has been
established .
Monitoring associated with the implementation of
EPA-delegated program functions.
Monitoring
Date
Computerized
(Check)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
STOHET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
""""""~--- ^^^ Context
Approaches --^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Industry committees
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
tht«r Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X
X X
Xa
alndustry committees are consulted in program development activities.
-261-
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STATE: KITH CABOLIHA
«. STATE IlffLEMBmTXOf Of FBDEBAL P100EAMS TO FBOTECT QBOOID UTBB
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Prograa)
Statua of freer** Delegation
State laplcannting Agency
Omisual /•oteworthy
Program Charaotariatica
QIC
Delegated for all classes
Department of Natural
Resources and Coanunity
Development,
Division of Environmental
Management
State prohibits Injection except
for Class V heat pump wells;
permitting for certain categories
of Class V wells.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I, Phase II, A, B, C
Interim Authority
Department of Human Re-
sources, Division of Health
Services, Environmental
Health Section, Solid and
Hazardous Waste Manage-
ment Branch
PNS
Delegated
Department of Human
Resources, Division of
Health Services
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Pesticide and Plant
Protection Division
-262-
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STATE: lOBTB CaBOLXM
4.2. Omit Status
Qnot
1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-NaUr
rroJeote/Taaka and Budget
Clean Mater Act
Seotloo 106
$2,189,300 Implement a pollution Incident management program;
($199,300 for develop nonitoring capability; upgrade ataff
ground-water) capabilities; coordinate data management efforts; and
Identify and remove legal and institutional barriers.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$41)1,510
None for ground-water activities.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205 (g)
$1,766,000
None for ground-water activities.
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,165,800;
potential for
additional
$161,000
Ground-water monitoring inspections reports review,
lab expenses, and permitting. (FY 1985 allocation
undetermined.)
UIC
$65,500
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
PIPRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$183,700
None for ground-water activities.
PUS
SONA
$981,500 Monitoring and data review.
undetermined.)
(FY 1985 allocation
-263-
-------
•TITII iOtTB CalOUU
5. fTiTi-oixoxuTiD oBOora-vmi MOTBCTXOI PWXMAM
5.1. arcuad-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality atandarda and elaaaifloatien)
Description: The stata baa developed a comprehensive ground-water program. The purpoae of tha program la to
develop, implement, and execute a atratcgy far oomprehenaive management of ground-water quantity and quality in
tha atata. Tha program inaludaa tha following alacantat (1) iaplanantation of watar quality and uaa standard•;
(2) olaaalfiaation of ground-mtar aquifarai (3) identification of ground-wtUP oontamination aitaai (4) invtiti-
gatlon of and raaponaa to ground-watar pollution ineidantai (5) unagratnt of tha atata UZC Prograai (6) iaauanoa
of pamita daaignad to prarant ground-wtar contamination) (7) monitoring of ground-watar quality, quantity, and
uaaa} and (6) evaluation of tha ground-watar raaouroa.
PY 1984 Fundingi
Funding Sourea:
5.2. Oreundmatar Monitorial
Daaoriptioni Dlviaion of Bnvironmantal Managamant ataff in aavan regional offioea within the atate monitor
ground-water quality. Reoorda are maintained and monitoring required at potential pollution altea. The ground-
water program alao maintains its own drilling oraw to investigate pollution incidents.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: A detailed assessment of ground-water resources was completed as part of the state's effort to
develop a ground-water classification ayatem.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Coataaimtlao Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-264-
-------
•TiTII lOITB CilOLXIA
5.5. Nraita/CoBtrel of Diaoaargas to Oroad Vatwr
Description: The state maintains a aouroe control proem for many tjrpea of facilities and activities which
represent • potential throat to ground ntor. Tbott Inoude programs for regulation of solid and hazardous wa«tt
diapoaal on land; land sproadiag of wattomtcr and aludgo diapoaali underground injootion of mat* (all O!MM» of
walli) | lining waat*! and waatwator troatawnt lagoona.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Sourooi
5*6. Baptlo Nanagoaant Frognua
Oaaoriptloni Tha atat* haa a aoptlo tank regulatory program.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Pragma*
Description: The state is developing an underground storage tank unageaent program.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Division of Environmental Management and the Division of Health Services staff (when
appropriate) respond to contain pollutants, eliminate source, plan remedial action, and find alternative sources
of water supply.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-265-
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STATE CROWD-HATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: SOUTH CAROLUA
1. MATURE OP THE GROUND-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Reglon/Prorlnee B:
Piedmont
Physiographic
Region/Province
Blue Ridge
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
66*
33%
Onconfined Aquifer (a)
Ground water occurs in
sand-and-gravel aquifers.
Coastal Plain aquifers
include (from shallowest
to deepest, respectively)
the Eocene Age aquifer
system, the Black Creek
aquifer system, the
Middendorf aquifer system,
and the Cape Fear
Formation. The water
table aquifer is
extensively utilized in
some rural areas.
Ground water occurs in
fractures in bedrock, in
discontinuous sand lenses
within weathered bedrock,
and in alluvial deposits.
Ground -water occurs in
fractures in bedrock, in
discontinuous sand lenses
within weathered bedrock,
and in alluvial deposits.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The Black Creek/Pee Dee
and Middendorf aquifers
consist of confined
downdip. Tertiary
limestone is pratlcally
the sole source in the
Low Country.
-266-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CaROLHA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oaage
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except Buniclpal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
31.0 32. K
25.0 1.0
7.U 31-5
33.6 88.5
100.0
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1983
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
96* 96* 60S
1,110, HOO
-267-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of contamination and rank top four
2 * next moat serious, etc.)
— 1 = aost aerloua,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X 3
On-slte industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface Impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous Xa 1
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X
Land application/ X 4
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Other (specify)
aToxic and hazardous waste from Department of Energy Savannah River nuclear
plant and at commercial landfill in Aiken County.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Other (specify)
-268-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
3. STATE GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT STRDCTDRK
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify) :
Hater use
Statute NaMe/No.
South Carolina Pollution Control Act
•
Oil and Gas Act
Water Resource Planning and
Coordination Act of 1967
Water Use Reporting and
Coordination Act of 1982
Ground-water Use Act of 1969
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground -Water Protection
Established Department of Health and
Environmental Control.
Administered by Water Resources
Commission.
These acts relate to water withdrawals.
Notes: State has probably the most fragmented water management administrative structure in Region IV.
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check3
X
Xb
X
aPolicy is inferred by currently proposed ground-water standards.
DQuantity only.
-269-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
3*2.2. Development of Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environmental Control
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
During FY 1982, the Department, in cooperation with EPA, worked towards the development of the strategy;
however, program emphasis was shifted towards UIC program authorization. The State Senate attempted but failed to
pass comprehensive ground-water legislation. However, the General Assembly did pass the Well Driller's
Certification Act and the Water Use Reporting and Coordination Act. The Senate also requested that the Department
prepare a report on ground-water contamination in South Carolina. The February 1983 report was submitted to the
General Assembly and included recommended strategies to protect the state's ground water. A similar report will
be prepared annually. The state will develop a strategy and program during FY 1985. The supplemental 106 grant
will foster this effort.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes: The current state poaition reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine; however, the state has authority to
designate capacity use areas for ground water withdrawals.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground-water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.M.2. It yes, give brief description of classes:
A classification system has been proposed in the revised water quality standards.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes No X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Standards have been proposed.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
State primary drinking water MCLs, as well as organics which are not allowed in concentrations which
would Interefere with use, are covered.
-270-
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STATE I SOOTH CAROLINA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Health
and Environmental
Control"
South Carolina
Geological Survey
South Carolina
Coastal Council
Clemson University,
Division of
Regulatory and
Public Service
Programs
South Carolina
Water Resources
Commission
South Carolina
Land Resources
Commission
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
PHSb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Othei
X
X
X
X
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
"Also handles state super fund (not a delegated program).
-271-
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STATE: SOOTH CAIOLIIA
3.4. loter-AgeooT
TopiOB
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incident!
Geological survey
Other (specify) :
General water problems
OMOk If
applicable
X
X
X
Description of Acreeaoats
and Agencies
The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control has a program; it also works in conjunction with the
Water Resources Commission on oil and gas wells.
The Water Resources Commission has cooperative agreements with
USGS; USGS does cooperative work with other state agencies.
The Governor's State Water Law Review Committee did an in-depth
study of water problems in South Carolina. Committee
recommendations are now before the legislature, including some
relating to ground-water quality. The Governor subsequently
appointed a Council on Natural Resources and Environment, which
is further analyzing the state's water problems, including
quality problems associated with hazardous waste management.
The Council's report was due in November 1964.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource assessment activities
activity
Check if
applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Happing of USDWs is complete, and is constantly being updated.
Ambient ground-water quality
Data are provided through public water supply systems which
utilize ground water; the data go into STORET.
Assessment at waste altes
Assessment is coordinated through RCRA support activities;
water quality data are stored in STORET,
Other (specify):
Water use
Ground-water data are being expanded and improved by a water use
reporting program.
-272-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
3*6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hanrdous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
QMOk
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Prograai
Case-by-oase determination is established in permit or
compliance orders which are authorized by the Pollution
Control Act.
State requirements are the same as Federal requirements.
Some monitoring for salt water intrusion is done by
the Water Resources Commission.
PDW systems are monitored for MCLs by the South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control.
Public water supply ground-water systems are monitored
every three years.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
X
Naoe of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
STORE!
MSIS
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-— ^__^ Context
Approaches -- -^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
HhUr Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X
X X
X8
aTo be accomplished under 106 supplemental grant.
-273-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Prograa
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Delegated, all classes
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Prohibition of the construction
of Class I wells; permitting
program for certain categories
of Class V wells.
RCRA
Delegated, Interim Authority
Phase I, II, A, B, and C
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Clemson University,
Division of Regulatory and
Public Service Programs
The South Carolina Department
of Health and Environmental
Control is involved when public
water supply wells or public
health is concerned.
-274-
-------
STaTI: SOOTH CAROLXMA
1.2. Onuat Statua
Grant
FT 1985 allocation
SpMtfie around-MUr
ProjMte/Tulu aad Budget
Clean Water Aot
Station 106
$1,116,200 Aotivltiea Inoludti (1) policy atateaent with
($126,200 for objtotivM and goala for ground-watar quality
ground-water) prottotloni (2) ground-water protection atrategy
doouaent) (3) prooaadinga of anvlroaaantal hydrology
and gaology aympoalum and broohurai (4) draft
ragulatlona for land wata traataant/diapoaal
oparationa; (5) ground>wattr protaotion program
prooaduraa unuala (at daaoribad in prograa
davalopmant notion)) (6) raftnamant of tba
daaeriptlon of aqulfara and raoonandad
olaaaifioatlona; (7) praparation of raaouroa
aaaeswent aeada and priorItiea; (8) description
of database needs and projections; and (9)
daaorlption of modeling capabilities and needs.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
4250,610
None for ground-water activities.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,002,000 Review of proposed land treatment/disposal system for
potential impact on ground water: $21,486.
RCRA
Section 3011
$804,200;
potential for
additional
$161,000
Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
lab expenses, and permitting: $93,542.
UIC
$59,300
Total budget related to ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(l)
$109,000
Hone for ground-water activities.
SDHA
Section 14D3U)
$418,600
Monitoring and data review.
-275-
-------
STATE: SOOTH CAROLINA
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state strategy has three basic goals: the preservation of high-quality aquifers, maintenance of
drinking water standards, and prohibition of polluting activities within the critical recharge zones of high-
quality aquifers. Strategy objectives Include development of: procedures for classification of aquifers;
designation of high-quality aquifers; identification of critical recharge areas; and development of ground-water
quality standards.
FY 19811 Funding: $76,763.61
Funding Source: State funds
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The Water Resources Commission does some monitoring for salt water intrusion. The South Carolina
Department of Health and Environmental Control monitors public water supply systems, 96$ of which have ground-
water sources.
FY 1984 Funding: $76,763.64
Funding Source: State funds
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state is developing a comprehensive database on water resources, and is currently conducting an
intensive aquifer identification, delineation, and evaluation study. Baseline assessment of the ground-water
resource will continue during FY 1985. The information is being stored on STORET.
FY 1984 Funding: $76,763.64
Funding Source: State funds
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-276-
-------
STATE: SOUTH CAROLINA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The state maintains a source control program for many types of facilities and activities which
represent a potential threat to ground water. These include programs for regulation of solid and hazardous waste
disposal on land, and surface Impoundments.
F* 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: Almost entirely all Federally funded programs.
5'6. Septic Management Program
Description: The state has a septic tank regulatory program which is handled by sanitarians, with minimal input
from ground-water personnel.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Regulations have been proposed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8- Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: There is an emergency response team for oil and hazardous material spills, but it has no ground-
water personnel.
FY 198« Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-277-
-------
SffiTI aMDm.VATIK »MM1IIAM SDMUIT
1. IATUM or TII oxoom-wmit luonci
1*1* Oaologio and Bydrologio Charaotariatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(I.e. foraatloaa. rook typM, areal Mttnt and tfaioknaaa, tranaiiaaivity, aquifar Intaroeonaotlen, axtant
of ooBtaiination)•
Otertetariatloa
Ptayaiegrapbio
Mcion/ProTino* it
Miaaiaaippl iBbayvant
Ptayaiofrapfaio
latioD/rreriaa
Highland Hi*
It
•afion/rroTino* Ci
Cantral Baain
faroant of atata oerarad
bar tbia prorine* (aatluUd)
Obeeoflaad Aquifar(a)
Region la underlain by
uncemented sand, clay
and gravel.
Ragion la undarlain pre-
dominantly by jointed
limtiton* and aooe »h*le.
Znoludaa karat araaa.
Ragion ia undarlain by
jointed limestone and ahale.
Some karat areas.
Owftoad Aquifar(a)
Aqulfara of the Upper
Cretaoeoua period in the
Miaaiaaipi Embayaent
region include the Coffee
and MoNalry Sands aquifer
systems. The Wiloox and
Claiborne Formations,
1400-foot and 500-foot
sand aquifer systems
respectively, are from
the Eocene epoch of the
Tertiary period.
In the Cantral Basin, the
Upper Knox Group is of the
Ordovioian period.
(Continued;
-278-
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STATE: TBMIBSSBB
1. UTORB Of THE GR001D-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologie Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
legion/Province D:
Cumberland Plateau
Physiographic
Region/Provinoe B:
Valley and Ridge
Physiographic
Region/Province P:
Smoky Mountains
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconfined Aqulfer(s)
Region is underlain by
indurated and fractured
sedimentary rocks;
includes karat areas.
Region is underlain by
folded, faulted, and
fractured sedimentary
rocks; includes karat
areas.
Region is underlain by
fractured crystalline rocks
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: The aquifers of Western Tennessee are the most prolific with well yields measured in millions of gallons
per day in the "500-Foot" Sand Aquifer. The wells and springs of the karst areas of the Central Basin, Cumberland
Plateau, and Valley and Ridge provinces are probably the next highest with yields measured in hundreds of gallons
per minute.
The karst areas are probably the most vulnerable to ground-water pollution. These karst areas cover
approximately one-third of the state of Tennessee, thereby increasing the probability of ground-water
contamination.
-279-
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STATE: TimSSU
1.2. Prlswry Haas of Ground Vatar aa Paroant of Total Usage
OM
Public Water Systena
(Including auniolpal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural*
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of ToUl % Ground Vatar
Ground Hatar of ToUl MaUr
46.1 40.5
41,6 12.0
2.9 24.6
9.4 100
100.0
Includes irrigation.
1.3. Population Belianoe on Ground Hater for Drinking Nater for Tear 1963
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Doswatlo
Systems Hells
31.61 18. 6%
1,450,000 670,000
ToUl
50. 2%
2,320,000
-280-
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3TATI:
2.1. Sources (Check ••jar aouroea of oontasdmtlon and rank top four
2 • next Btt*t MTlOUS, •tO.)
— 1 « seat Mrlous,
Source Cbeok link
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfill*
On-slte induatrial Z 3
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoon*, •urfaoa
lapoundmenta)
Othar landfills
Surface lapoundnents Z 4
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits Z
Underground storage Z
tanks
Other (specify) :
Coal mining and Z
mineral area
reclamation; Inade-
quately constructed
wells
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste altes
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
(took Bank
Z
Z 1
Z 2
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Z
Road salting
2.2. OoBtaadnatint Substances
(check)
Organic chemicalst
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
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STATE: TBBBESSBB
3. STUB OBOOID-VATBB MABAGBMEBT STBDCT01B
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Oootrol
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute BOM/BO.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-toter Protection
General water pollution
control
Tennessee Water Quality Control Act
T.C.A. Section 69-3-101 et seq.
Ground-Hater focus la on protection of
public health.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Tennessee Water Quality Control Act
T.C.A. Section 69-3-101 et seq.
Authority to classify ground water, set
standards and effluent limits. UIC
authority.
Solid waste
Solid Waste Management Act
T.C.A. Section 66-31
Provides for ground-water protection.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management Act
T.C.A. 66-06
Provides for ground-water protection.
Mining
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas
T.C.A. Section 60-1-101 et seq.
Provides for ground-water protection.
Other (specify):
Water use
Well drilling
1983 legislation
Water Use Registration Act
Water Well Drillers Act
Consolidated water management functions
of Department of Health and Environment.
Registration of ground-water users
withdrawing 50,000 gpd or more.
Provides authority for Issuance of
licenses; sets standards for well
construction.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-282-
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sun: nmntssBi
3.2.2. DmlofMnt of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. It there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Tea _X Ho
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environment
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In 1981 the state initated an effort to develop a state strategy by the establishment of a task force.
The task force was dismantled in 1983. However, with the support of 106 and 205(J) grant funds, the state in FY
1985 will develop a strategy and ground-water protection program.
3*2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Cheek
Notes: Current state position reflects riparian-reasonable use doctrine.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes No X
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Note: Development of a ground-water classification system is in progress.
3*2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yea No X
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Note: Establishment of ground-water quality standards are in progress.
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STATE: TENNESSEE
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Health
and Environment,
Division of Solid
Waste Management
Department of Health
and Environment,
Division of
Water Management
Department of
Agriculture ,
Division of Plant
Industries
Oil and Gas Board
Division of Geology
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIG*
PWSb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion.
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground -
Water
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
X
Xe
Xc
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
d Manages the state super fund (not a delegated program) .
the Oil and Gas Board and the Division of Geology of the Department of Conservation have regulatory authority
relating to oil and gas exploration and production.
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STATE: TEHBBSSBB
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Cooperative agreements between USGS, the Department of
Conservation, Division of Geology, and other agencies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Ground-water use
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
The Tennessee Safe Growth Team is speeding up efforts to
ground-water aquifers, and has several contracts with the
to broaden the base of information on ground water. EPA
the identification of USDW's.
map
USGS
funded
The planning section of the Division of Water Management is
actively working to update the database of ground-water use.
-285-
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milt TNIESSBB
3.6. State arouDd-Uater Monitoring Program
T*pem of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous mate sites
Salt mter
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cheek
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
A water level monitoring network was established in
cooperation with the USGS.
Well drillers are licensed and required to submit well
log data to Division of Water Management.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cheek)
X
X
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
STATE
SYSTEM
3-7. State Programs for Public Participation
~~~ --^^^ Context
Approaches ^~"~'~----~^___^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
*t«r Permit Adoption, Mater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X
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STATE: TERNBSSEB
4. STATE XHPLBMEMTATIOR OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT QROOID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Onuaual/loteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Not delegated
In anticipation of obtaining
primacy, the state is developing
comprehensive regulations for a
UIC program.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Authority
of Interim Department of Health and
Environment,
Division of Solid Waste
Management
Hell developed field office
system.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Environment,
Division of Water Management
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture,
Division of Plant Industries
-287-
-------
4.2. Oimnt Status
STATE: TBBMBSSBB
Grant
Clean Water Act
Section 106
Clean Water Aot
Section 205CJ)
Clean Water Aot
Section 205 (g)
RCRA
Section 3011
UIC
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
SDWA
Section 1^3(a)
Specific Qround-Water
FT 1965 Allocation Projeota/Taaka and Budget
$1,106,900 Development of a strategy and ground-water program,
($118,900 for and design of a monitoring network.
ground-water)
$355,370
$1,421,000 None for ground-water activities.
$1,086,900; Ground-water monitoring inspections, reports review,
potential for lab expenses, and permitting.
additional
$161,500
$70,600 Program implemented by EPA.
$169,400 None for ground-water activities.
$392,200 Monitoring and data review.
-288-
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3TATB: TSMHSSSBB
5. STATB-ORIOIMATID OROUMD-VATKR PROT8CTI01 PROGRAMS
5.1. Qrouad-HBtor Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Ths state strategy is currently being developed, and apparently will oall for a ground-water
classification system with protection criteria and a monitoring network. A ground-water section has been created
in the Division of Hater Management to implement the ground-water program.
n 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-water Monitoring
Description: A water-level monitoring network was established la cooperation with the USOS.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5>3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Tennessee Safe Growth Team (Committee) has been active in speeding up efforts to map ground-
water aquifers and inventory threats to ground-water quality. Numerous projects have been funded cooperatively
with the USOS,
n 1964 Funding!
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
-289-
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STATE: TMBBSSBB
5.5. Permita/Control of MMbufea to Ground water
Description: The state Maintains a source control prograa for many types of facilities and activities which
represent a potential threat to ground rater. Tennessee maintains a state regulatory prograa for solid and
hazardous waste disposal on land, septic tanks, mining, surface impoundments, and underground injection of
waste. The state maintains a water well construction program which licenses water well drillers and pump setters
and establishes well construction standards.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Muageueat Program
Description: The septic tank program is maintained by the Department of Health and Environment.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: Well Data Collection
Description: The state requires the submission of well logs from all well drillers and owners, including private
wells. The state also maintains the Tennessee Water Well File, which stores well data (quantity and quality) in a
separate state computer file.
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REGION V
-------
STATE OROOro-MATER PROGRAM SOMMABI
STATE: ILLIIOZS
1. IATORE OF THE GROUID-MATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Cbuvoteriatiea. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Doconfined Aquifer(a)
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: There are three main aquifer systems: (1) a glacial drift aquifer over bedrock; (2) a shallow bedrock
aquifer underlying glacial drift and recharged locally from precipitation; and (3) a deep carbonate and sandstone
aquifer. (In northern Illinois and under Chicago, there are two distinct units separated by a confining shale
bed. Sandstone aquifer is absent in southern Illinois or exists at depths prohibitive to water well drilling.)
-291-
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STATE: XLLXMOXS
1.2. Primary Oaea of around Hater M Peroent of Total
Oae
Public Nater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% or Total
Oround Hater
3«
13
2U«
29b
ICO
$ around Hater
of Total Hater
27
29
91«
87
0.06
•irrigation.
''Rural, domestic, and livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1982
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
HO. 6%
JJ, 700, 000
Domestic
Hells
9.6%
1,111,360
Total
50.2%
5,811,360
-292-
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STATE: XLLXIOXS
2.1. Sources (Check Major •ouroes of
2 * nut «oat serious, etc.)
oontaaiaatioB and rank top four — 1 » Boat Mrioua,
Source Cheek Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal land f ilia
On-site industrial X
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other land f ilia
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Souroe Check Rank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X [
i
Road salting
Other (specify):
Spills, Improper well construction, and interaquifer exchange.
Mote: These sources are taken from a state strategy document, but have not
been classified as "major" due to qualifications that would accompany each
one, e.g., septic tanks major to private wells, but not to public wells.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X
____
Xa
X
««_«_
Xb
Metals
Radioactive material
Xc
Pesticides
Other (specify)
Primarily private systems.
bAs a result of improper well construction
or damaged casings, interaquifer exchange
has occurred; sulfates and chlorides are
migrating in previously "clean" aquifers.
cRadionuclides; high barium concentration
from ground-water passing barium forma-
tions (natural contamination).
-293-
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STATE: ZLLIIOIS
3. STATE OEODID-HATER MilAOEMBMT STEUCTOBE
3.1. State Statute* Pwtalolag to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Baae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Oroand -Mater Protection
General later pollution
control
General wter quality statute, To prevent pollution of waters of the
Illinois EnvlronaenUl Protection Act state, including ground water.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
See note below.
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
The Conservation of Oil and Oas
Act, Ch. 96-1/2
Other (specify):
The Water Hell Construction Code,
Ch, 111-1/2
Legal provisions regulate location and
construction of water wells.
Notes! The University of Illinois-Champaign prepared a report entitled, "An Evaluation of Illinois Laws and
Regulations Relating to the Quality of Ground-Hater."
3.2. State Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cneok
X
X
-294-
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STATEt XLLZIOZS
3.2.2. Development of Oroundi-ltaUr Folioy
3.2.2.1. Za there a ground>watar polloy or atratagy development prooeaa?
Yea
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/ateering committee: Zlllnoia EPA Inter-Agency Taak Foroe and the State Water Plan
Taak Foroe
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agenoy agreement*, progreaa to date, target completion date, etc.):
Coordination of Mater, solid waate, hazardous mate, and drinking water programs.
Taak Force includes a aub-group called the Underground Water Taak Foroe.
The State Water Plan
3.2.3. Charaoteriatioa of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Cheok
X
X
Notes: The State Water Plan describes the inter-agency task force policy as: "To protect, preserve and manage the
underground water resources of the State, as a natural and public resource. It is recognized as consistent with
this policy that the underground water resources of the State be utilized for beneficial and legitimate purposes;
that unreasonable waste and degradation of the resources be prevented; and that the underground water resource be
managed and developed to allow for maximum sustained utilization."
3.2.4. Polloy Clarification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
The October 1984 Strategy Document proposes ground-water classification which recognizes potential as
well as current uses. Classifications are Domestic Use, Limited Use, or General Non-Domestic Use or Limited Use.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality atandards?
3.2.5.2. Bow are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-295-
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STATE t ZLLUOX3
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for OrnwtA mater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Illinois
Environmental
Protection Agency
Department of Public
Health
Department of Energy
and Natural
Resources
Department of Mines
and Minerals
Department of
Agriculture
State Pollution
Control Board
Department of
Transportation
Oround-
Mmter
roller/
Standard
x"
Federally-Delegated Program
ROU
X'
ore-
X
r»"
X
x'
«o
X
i
Other
*
Data
Colleo-
tloa,
Aquifer
eto. '
18
Oround>
Quality
Soil
vatloa
X
X
Proteo-
from
Be-lolag
X
Other
Xf
8UIC : Underground Injection Control.
bPWS - Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dAlso administers Clean Water Act.
"Illinois EPA administers coanunlty «ysterna; Health Department administers non-community systems.
fAdministers state laws on waste disposal, water well construction, and pesticides.
'Department evaluates and assesses ground water, surface water, and atmospheric water resources, collects data on geologic
and mineral resources, maintains a related database, and provides technical expertise.
"Quasi-Judicial.
-296-
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STAHi XLLHOX8
Topioa
Protection of apecifio aqulfera
Policy and atratagy development
Ground -water dlaoharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological aurvey
Other (apeclfy)
Cbaok If
ADBlloable
I
X
Daaoription of AgreeBaota
and Agaaolaa
One interagenoy task force produced a state water plan. A
state EPA interagenoy task force coordinates water, solid
waste, haiardous waste, and drinking water programs; includes
underground water task force.
USGS cooperative agreements for resource assessments and
apecial studies. State Geological Survey and State Water
Survey for resource aaaessments.
3.5. Statue of Oround-Hater Resource
it Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
i
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Daaoription of Activities
The state has conducted aquifer susceptibility mapping and
mapping of ground-water availability. The Illinois State
Water Survey conducted numerous studies of local aquifer
conditions and ground-water quantity and quality. Recent
efforts have been made towards statewide mapping of potential
for surficial aquifer contamination and a summary of ground-
water quality conditions.
The Illinois EPA 'a Division of Land Pollution Control and
Division of Public Water Supply and the Illinois Department of
Energy and Natural Resources (State Water Survey & State
Geological Survey) have extensive but distinct ground-water
databases. The Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals and
the Illinois Department of Transportation also have some ground -
water data.
-297-
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STATE: ILLINOIS
3.6. State Ground-Water Nooltorlng Program
Types of Monitorial
Non-hazardous
Mate aitea
Hazardous waste aitea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
RCRA ground-water monitoring.
A statewide ambient monitoring network was started with a
state appropriation of $1 million. The plan will integrate
a ground-water network with a surface water network. A
pilot network of 100 wells has been established. Some
ground-water will be analyzed for trea lability.
Public water supply data.
The Illinois EPA 'a Division of Land Pollution Control and
Division of Public Water Supply and the Illinois Depart-
ment of Energy and Natural Resources (State Water Survey
and State Geological Survey) have extensive but distinct
ground-water databases. The Illinois Department of Mines
and Minerals and the Illinois Department of Transportation
also have some ground-water data.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeck)
•
X
•aw of
Database
(Specify)
STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^ ^^^ Context
Approaches ^~~"""-- — ^___^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ifeter Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X
X
X
X
Xb
aState water plan discussed at meetings.
bAn agency-published report entitled "Progress.
-298-
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STATES ILLINOIS
1. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Progru Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State iBpleBecting Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Delegated
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
Wants to Initiate statewide
ambient ground-water monitoring
program. Has appropriated $1
million in state funds to
initiate.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I Interim Authority
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
Has been monitoring public water
supplies for H-6 years. IEPA
administers community systems;
Health Department administers
non-community systems.
PWS
Delegated
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency, jointly
with Health Department
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-299-
-------
8IATI: XU.XIOX3
4.2. Oraat Statue
Orut
1985 AlloMtien
Specific Ground-Water
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Aet
Section 106
$2,030,000 n 1985 preliminary wittp pollution control plan in-
oludod taaka to complete atate ground-water strategy,
further integrate water aanagenent, and review program
authoritiea to develop problem-aolving approaohea to
ground-water. However, atate haa not identified exact
funding aoureea for ita taaka.
Clean Water Aet
Section 205(J)
*1,106,«30
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$4,425,270
RCRA
Section 3011
$2,502,400
UIC
$291,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$243,000
-300-
-------
STATE: XLLXIOXS
5. STATK-OKIGIB'ATBD OB001D-IUTBI FBOTBCTHMI FBOGIANS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has a general ground-rater policy. An effort la underway to develop a statewide ground-
Mater classification system.
FT 19B4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Mater Monitoring
Description: A statewide ground-water ambient monitoring network has been initiated with state appropriation of
$1.0 Billion; a pilot network of 100 wells to establish protocols has been developed.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state has conducted aquifer susceptibility mapping and ground-water availability mapping. The
State Water Survey has conducted numerous studies of local aquifer conditions and ground-water quality/quantity;
recent efforts have also begun on statewide mapping for aurflcial aquifer contamination and a summary of ground-
water quality conditions.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: One state plan component discussed ground water in the context of non-point source control for
agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-301-
-------
XLLZIOIS
5.5. Penaits/Control of DUonargea to Orouad Utter
Description:
FZ 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Saptio Nuugmaot Prognui
Description: Septage Management Program
FJT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Pragma
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Prograo
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
Description: Analysis of treatability of ground water and prevention of interaqulfer exchange from poorly
constructed or damaged wells.
-302-
-------
»Wt QKOOMD-MAm PMOQRAM SOIQtUT
XHDXAIA
1. lAtOII W TBB OMmnMUTU II80DICI
1*1. Owletio and Bydrolofio Caarftotwlatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologiMi oh»r»ot»rl§tio«
(!•«. rerutloMi rook typta, area! Mttnt and UJioknina, trtnaaiiaivlty, aquiftr intaremutotion, «xttnt
of oontaoinatlen) .
CbarMtoristloa
••Cioa/PreriBM A:
Nertharn 3tat«
••fioa/ProriBM Bi
Cantral Stata
PtqrslotraphtQ
lafiao/Proviaac Ci
Seuthtrn Stttt
Parewt of atat* oev*r«d
by thU proviBM (aatiMtvd)
331
OboonflMd AqulTar(«)
Highly parmaabla aoila;
flat terrain; plentiful
ground watar.
Fair to good ground-
Mater conditions.
Ground water at great
deptha.
Confined Aquifer(•)
Notes: Principal aurfioial aquifera are aand-and-gravel; bedrock aqulfera are oompoaed of limestone.
-303-
-------
STATE: HDIAIA
1.2. PrJjaary Omes of Ground itetar u Percent of Total usage
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural1*
Domestic/Rural0
Other (specify):
Energy Production
Total
% of Total* % Ground Mater
Ground Vater of Total Hater
26 52
23 21
33 91
16 81
0.05
100
•Total ground-water withdrawals 1.285 MGD.
Irrigation.
cRural, water, and livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
32% 291 61>
-304-
-------
STATE: HDIAIA
2.1. Scuroaa ((Hack mjor aouroea of oontaadnatlon and rank top four
2 • ant aoat aarloua, ate.)
— Is aoat aarloua,
Source Cbaok lank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-aite industrial X
land f ilia (excluding
pits, lagoons, aurface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground atorage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Above ground bulk X
atorage
Source Cheek tank
Injection wells X*
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
"Problems with Class V wells.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X8
X
X
Metals
Radioactive material _. ___
Pesticides
X
Other (specify)
"Solvents, TCE, petroleum products, chlordane.
-305-
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STATE: MDIiMi
3. STATE GBOOND-VATER MAMAGEMEBT STBOCTOBE
3*1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-*ater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Baaa/Io.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Utter Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Resources Management Act
General Statute (Environmental
Management Act)
Provides for assessment of state's water
resources, Inventory of significant water
users, and planning of development,
conservation, and utilization of water
resources (use and quantity).
Protects state waters (quality).
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Environmental Management Act
(General Statute)
General authority.
Hazardous waste
Environmental Management Act
(General Statute)
General authority.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Pesticides Control Act
Controls use and storage.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Check
X
Policy under development ; X
-306-
-------
STATE: INDIANA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Tes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Indiana State Board of Health
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Interprogram and Interagency Coordinating Committee and the Citizens Advisory Committee.
Note: Strategy will be developed under FT 1985 Ground-Water Work Plan.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes: There Is no official policy; the general administrative policy of the state Board of Health is to maintain
quality of potable water wherever it occurs. The Indiana State Board of Health will develop a policy statement in
FY 1985.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3' Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-307-
-------
3.3. ttmU agency amapcnslbllltle* for
STATE: UDIAM
Protection
Bampemmlblm
State
State Board of
Health, Land
Pollution Control
Division
State Board of
Health,
Division of Water
Pollution Control
State Board of
Health,
Public Water Supply
Division
State Board of
Health, Water and
Sewage Laboratory
Division
Department of
Natural Resources
State Chemist
Qraaad-
Wmter
Polloy/
•ml*/
Standard
X
Pederally«elegated Program
•da
X
OXC*
no*
X
PI°
X
Other
Date
Collec-
tion,
•tapping,
•te.
X
jd
X
Water
Quality
SeU
vatlon
X
NU*.
X
Protec-
tion
from
load
Other
jd
X*
x'
X6
•UIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPW5 * Public Water Systea.
CPE > Pesticides Enforcement.
^Administers Qean Water act; responds to spills and clean-ups, and investigates ground-water contamination.
"Also collects water samples from local communities and provides technical assistance to communities.
^Provides lab support to other divisions.
*Well log Information and high volume well users.
-308-
-------
STiTB: XKDXANA
3.4. Inter-AgeDey
Topioa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cbeok if
applicable
X
Description of AcrMMnta
and Agencies
USGS cooperative agreements for special studies and resource
assessments .
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Aotivlties
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
The Purdue University Hater Resource Research Center conducted
studies on surficlal aquifers, including water and drilling
information, and mapped out potential ground-water problem
areas by county.
Ambient ground-water quality
The Indiana State Board of Health does not currently enter
ground-water quality data into a computer system. General
cation/anion data from public water supplies goes in paper
files. Currently, the Land Pollution Control Division stores
some ground-water data In its own data system.
Assessment at waste sites
The Land Pollution Control Division assesses sites through
RCRA program.
Other (specify):
Ground-water availability
The Water Resources Study Commission prepared a state-wide map.
-309-
-------
arm i
3.6. Bttte Orouad-NkUr Noeitorlj* Preen*
Type* of NMitorlag
Nen-haiardous
WSte Site*
Huirdous wit* site*
Silt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
QMOk
X
X
X
irtgf OMoripUae of NoBitoplv rratrui
HCRA monitoring progrttt.
No r«»l Mibltnt monitoring othtr thta for public
rnttr auppllM and VOC vuilyai*.
Monitoring of publie mttr auppliti p«r SDWA.
lteitert«
Btta
OHVUUriBMd
(ChMk)
IIM of
OtUbu*
(SpMify)
3.7. 8tat« PragnuB for Public Partiolpctioo
~*~-*— ^^^ COBtCZt
ApproMhM ^*~^~-~^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook i other written materials
Other (specify)
OeMiwl Specific
Ground- Hfulatioo Orouad-
Ihtw fendt Adoption, lister
XMUM XMUUM* Qtaogea Strategy Other
X X
-310-
-------
STATE: WDIAMA
4. 3TATI XMPLIMRITATXOR OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROOMO WATER
4.1. Procnui Statue
Federal
Statua of Program Delegation State Implementing Agency
Dauaual/Moteworthy
Proem CharaoUrUtlca
UIC
Not delegated
fiCRA
Delegated
Phase I Interim Authority
State Board of Health
PWS
Not delegated
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
State Chemist
-311-
-------
STATE: XBDIAMA
».2. Grant Status
Grant
FX 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$1,130,000 Policy and strategy development, resource and
contaminant inventory, and related planning and
assessments ($130,000).
Clean Hater Act
Section 205CJ)
$589,590
See above ($130,000).
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
42,358,360
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,398,000
DIC
$205,300
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$167,200
-312-
-------
STATS: XUXAIA
5. 3TATE-ORXQXUTBD OROOI1MUTBR PROTBCTIOi PROORAHS
5.1. Orottod-Watar Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. around-Uater Monitoring
Description:
FX 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Oraund-Uater Resource Assesaaiant/Aqulfer Study/Napping
Description:
FX 198H Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Animal waste control program. Control of nitrates.
FX 198K Funding: $75,000
Funding Source: State
-313-
-------
STATE: HDIAJU
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground-Hater
Description: Oil and gas drilling operations are administered by the Department of natural Resources; regulation
takes ground-water quality into account.
FT 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source: State
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: State regulatory program regarding siting and installation.
FT 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source: State
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Progress
Description: Providing covers or permanent structures for the Department of Transportation's salt piles.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Office of Emergency Response reacts to any type of spill or release.
FT 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source: State
5.9. Other
Description: Program to control location of siting of public water supplies. Based primarily on concern for
bacteriological contamination.
-314-
-------
STATE OROOND-MATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: MICHIGAN
1. NATURE OP THE GROUND-HATER BBSODRCB
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Southern Peninsula
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Northern Peninsula
Physiographic
Reglon/Prorlaoe C:
Percent of state flowed
by this province (estUwted)
Onoonfined Aqulfer(s)
The Michigan Basin covers
an area of approximately
122,000 square miles with
its center and deepest
part located in the
central portion of the
Southern Peninsula. In
Michigan's Southern
Peninsula, the Michigan
Basin includes approx-
imately 14,000 feet of
consolidated sediments
including sandstone, lime-
stone, dolomite, shale,
and Cambrian through
Jurassic Age evaporates.
These sediments lie
unconformably upon
Precambrian formations.
Some portions of the
basin are exposed at the
surface, while much of
the Southern Peninsula
is covered with glacial
drift ranging from a few
feet to over 1,000 feet
thick in the northwest
portion of the peninsula.
Confined and unconfined
aquifers producing minimal
supplies to well over 500
gallons per minute exist
throughout the peninsula
depending upon the
geologic depositional
history of the area.
Aquifer interconnection
and the extent of
contamination is difficult
to determine because of
the glacial history of
the state (e.g., three
glacial lakes interacted
in the state).
Glacial drift of the
Pleistocene Age over-
lies the bedrock
surface over most of
the Northern Peninsula.
Drift thickness ranges
between 0-300 feet but
is less than 125 feet
thick over 90* of the
region. Confined and
unconfined aquifers
exist as in the Southern
Peninsula.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-315-
-------
STATE: MICHIGAN
1.2. Primary CMS of Ground Mater a* Paroant of Total Ornate
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal )
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % around Hater
Ground Mater of Total Hater
1.3* Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 198H
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
171
1,600,000
Domestic
Hells
33%
3,000,000
Total
50J
D, 600 ,000
-316-
-------
STiTE: MXCBIGAB
2.1. Sources (Cbeok Major
2 « next moat serious, etc.)
of contamination and rank top four — 1 « •oat serious,
Source
Check Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pita
Underground storage
tanks
X 4
X 3
X
X 2
X
X 1
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting X
Other (specify):
Heavy /light industry; surface and sub-surface solid waste; municipal
wastewater; transportation spills; laundromats.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Hetals
_JL_
X
JL
X
X
_x
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify) X8^
"Petroleum products.
-317-
-------
WCHIOAi
3. STATE OROOID-V1TIR MAJAOIMMT ST1UCTOU
3.1. Stata Statutes Pertalalas to Oramd-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-Mater quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Statute laae/lo.
Vater Resources Commission Act
(Act 245, PA 1929)
Safe Drinking Water Act (Act 399,
PA 1976)
Public Health Code (Part 127 of
Act 368, PA 1976)
Solid Haste Management Act
(Act 611)
Hazardous Waste Management Act
(Act 64)
Mining Reclamation Act (Act 92,
PA 1972)
Sand Dune Protection and Management
Aot as amended (Act 222, PA 1976)
Michigan Surface and Underground
Mine Reclamation Aot (Act 303.
PA 19&2)
Oil .and Gas Aot (Act 61)
Mineral Wells Aot (Aot 315)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground -Hater Proteotlon
Regulates discharges to ground water.
Regulates public supplies.
Regulates water well drinking and
turbidity and bacteria in wells.
Act has varying requirements for land-
fills, depending on soil at the site.
Stipulates engineering requirements for
hazardous waste landfills.
Regulates surface mining (except sand,
gravel, peat, marl and clay).
Requires ground-water studies at sand
dune mining sites.
Requires permit to mine coal and
requires hydrogeologio investigation
for each.
Regulates the drilling, operation, and
plugging of oil and gas wells.
Regulates the drilling, operation, and
plugging of mineral wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific stste statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-313-
-------
STATS t KXdXOAN
3.2.2. DmlopMnt of Ground MaUr Policy
3.2.2.1. Xa there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yea X No,
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/eteering committee: Inter-Agency Committee consisting of th« Diraotora of tha Departments
of Natural Raaouroaa, Agrioultura, Management and Budgat, Public
Baalth, tba Chairman of tha Michigan Environmental Review Board, and
the Executive Secretary of tha Toxic Substance Control Commission
3.2.2.3. Daaoriba development process (inter-agency agreements, progreas to data, target completion date, etc.):
A document endorsed by tha agencies in 3.2.2.2. was produced in September 1961, titled "Ground-Water
Protection Initiatives" detailing ground-water policies citing issues and recommendations to improve ground-water
protection in the atate.
3.2.3. Cbaraotarlatioa of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The state's position holds protection of existing and potential drinking water quality to be of paramount
Importance over other uses.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.i).1. Does atate have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.14.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the atate adopted ground-water quality atandards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-319-
-------
STATE: MICHXGAI
3.3. State Agency HeapooalbllltlM for Ground-tater Protection
Reoponalble
State
Agency
Water Resources
Commission
Department of
Natural Resources6
Department of Public
Health
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
Old*
X
FHSb
X
•
PB°
X
OUter
X*
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Napping,
•to.
xf
Ground-
Hater
Quality
**
X
X*
SoU
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro.
Road
De-icing
X
Other
X
-
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Regulates discharges to ground water.
eNanages Superfund.
fHydrogeological technical assistance.
^Administration of Safe Drinking Water Act and responsibility over all public and private drinking water wells.
-320-
-------
STATE: MICHIGAN
3.4. Xater-Ageocy Agraamenta
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Use of ground-water for
agricultural discharges
at feedlots
Cheek if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Cabinet Council on Environmental Protection
Agreement between Department of Natural Resources and
local health departments.
state and
Interagency agreement between Department of Natural Resources
and Department of Public Health.
Agreement between Department of Natural Resources and
Department of Agriculture.
Michigan
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer napping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Study of 25 ground-water sites under the state's Act 307
program, and 25 sites under the CERCLA program.
»
-321-
-------
STATE: WCHIGAM
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Waste-water
d ischargers
tteck
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
All landfills are required to conduct monitoring.
Monitoring must be conducted at all hazardous waste
sites .
All dischargers are required by permit to conduct
monitoring.
Monitoring
Data
Cauterized
(Check)
X*
tame of
Database
(Specify)
Basic
aComputer program under development by the state.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-^.^^ Context
Approaches ""-— -^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Mtur Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X Xb
Xb
xb
Xa X
X Xb
aPublic participation required for siting of landfills and hazardous waste facilities.
All discharge permits issued by Department of Natural Resources have public
participation component prior to permit issuance.
bPubllc participation for Superfund and State Act 307 clean-up activities.
-322-
-------
STATE: MICHIGAN
H. flUTI IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1* Procraa Status
Federal
PTOgTMl
Status of Frctru telvfttioa
Stat*
Oousual/NoteNorthy
Ac*noy Prctru Ctartotoriatloa
me
Not delegated; state baa
applied for primacy
RCRA
Not delegated; applying for
full authority
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-323-
-------
STATS: MI CHI 0AM
Onmt SUtua
Orant
CT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Aot
Section 106
$1,940,000
Strategy under development for FT 1985.
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(J)
$1,051,910
Strategy under development for FY 1985.
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
$4,207,640
Strategy under development for FY 1985.
RCRA
Section 3011
11,808,900
Not available.
UIC
Non-primacy state
FIFRA
Section 23UK1)
4167,800
Strategy under development for FY 1965.
-324-
-------
STATE: MXCHIOAI
5, mTB-ORIQUUTBD QBOOmMMLTtR PROTECTIOK PROGRAMS
5.1. OroimTo'-Hater Strategy
(including ground-tatter quality standards and classification)
Description: Described in 3*2.2. of this document.
FT 1984 Funding: Hone
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: All landfills are required to monitor. Permitting is required at hazardous waste sites and those
aitea receiving a ground-water discharge permit.
Act 64 — Hazardous Haste Act — 2000 work days/year
Act 245 — Hater Resources Commission Act — 1568 work days/year
Act 641 — Solid Haste Management Act — 462 work days/year
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Aaseaament/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The State Geological Survey Division in cooperation with the USGS is now considering aquifer
study/mapping.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
-325-
-------
STATIi MXCUQAN
5.5. Permits/Control of Dlaobarges to Qround 4feter
Description: Permits are required under iota 64, 641, end 245 - see Section 5.2. Inherent in the monitoring
discussed la Section 5*2. la analyaia of Information aa Nell aa aampling that la part of permit laauanoe. In
addition to monitoring, about 4,000 additional houra/year are apent in aite inspections.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. fleptlo MuiagmmsDt Program
Description: District Health Departments regulate on-alte sewage disposal discharge in aeptio system up to 10,000
GPD; aeptio systems for mobile homes; and discharges from vaatevater treatment plants.
FY 1984 Funding: Unknown
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storafa/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Natural Resources was mandated by the Water Resources Commission Act to administer
a program which regulates above- and below-ground storage tanks and facilities.
FY 1964 Funding: Part of duties of field staff — exact figure unknown.
Funding Source: General funding — Act 245 Water Resources Commission Act.
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Michigan Environmental Response Act, Act 307 of 1962.
FY 1964 Funding: $12 million
Funding Source: Michigan Environmental Response Act (Appropriations from General Revenues)
5.9. Other
-326-
-------
ItATi QjOOlp-MATBi MMIIAM SDIQ4A1T
STATE I MXHBSOTA
1. aUTOM W IHI OBOOID-VATIR U80DICI
1.1. Oaolc«io BBd Bydrolofio O»artoUri«tlo«. Deaoribe general (eolofioal and hydrolofioal oharaoterlatioa
(i.a. formatlona, rook typMt areal extent and thiokneaa, tranamieelvity, aquifer interconnection, axtant
of oeataaiMtien).
Gbarsetoiflatlea
Phyalograpbio
•atioa/rrovta
Baatcrn
At
Pbjraiagrcpbio
•atloa/TroTlao
Nerthtaatarn
Fhyaiocrapblo
Bt BaticB/Previao* Ct
Southeaatern
ftrocet of SUM oevtrad
bar thin prorlaoa (Mtlaatad)
661
Aqulfar(a)
Surfioitl and buriad
drift aqulfera
Nerthaaatarn Nlnnaaota
eenaiata of baaaaant
badrook (icnaoua or
Mtanorphio rooka) at
or naar tha land
aurfaoa.
Tha aouthaaatarn oornar of
Ninnaaota ia undarlain by
bada of liaaatona and
doloaita, normally frio-
turad and oontaining
nuoaroua oraoka, oravioaa,
ohannala, and oavaa. Thia
ia tha karat aria. Qlaoial
drift ia aithar thin or
abaant, laaving tha karat
araa auaoaptlbla to oonta-
mination.
Cooflned Aquifer (a)
Tha aaatarn two-third a
of the atata oonaiata
of layara of landstone
and liaaatona, aapar-
atad by ralativaly
laparmaabla layara of
ahala and siltatone.
Tha araa oontaina flva
major watar-yialding
aquifara. Tha more
familiar naaaa art tha
Jordan, St. Patar, and
Hlnoklay Sandstone
aquifers.
Same as above.
(Continued)
-327-
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STATE: HHIBSOTA
1. ilTORB Of THE GBODMMttTBB BESOOHCB
1.1. Geologic and Qydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
BflglOB/ProTince D:
Southwestern
Physiographic
legion/Province B:
Northwestern
Pbyslographlc
•egion/Prorlnce F:
Percent of state eorered
by this prarlnoe (eatiaated)
ObooDfioad Aquifer(s)
Southwestern Minnesota
la composed of quartzite
basement rock. Also,
cretaceous sands and
silts, under confined,
unconfined conditions.
Glacial and beach
deposits. Red River
Valley alluvium.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Cretaceous sands and
silts.
-328-
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8TATB: KUWSSOTA
1.2. Primary QMS of Ground HaUr as Pareaot of Total Hoc*
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
( except municipal )
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
36.6
12.6
31.5*
19.3
100b
•irrigation 22.31; livestock 9.2%.
"Approximately 0.23 trillion gallons per year.
SOURCE: mm, 1962.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
43- 5J
1,772,000
Domestic
Wells
25.^*
1,035,000
Total
*8.9*
2,807,000
-329-
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STATE: MUMESOTA
2.1. Souroea (Check Major sourcea of oontaadmtion ud rude top four — 1 * Boat aerloua,
2 * next Boat aerloua, etc.)
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X I
Municipal landfills X 1
On-aite industrial X 1
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other land f ilia X 2
Surface impoundmenta X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pita)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X Y
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
wast* sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Cbeok
X
X
X
ttanlr
4
1
3
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X
X*
X
3
2
Y
"Pollution from agricultural practices is believed to be widespread in the karst area of the southeast and the
intensely irrigated sand plains of West-central Minnesota.
Y * Source of contamination; magnitude and extent largely unknown.
Note: State has data on number of locations for each of ten major types of potential contamination sources.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X*
X8
x"
x°
mmu-i-
Metals X^
Radioactive material
Pesticides
==?!_
Other (specify) =
&Carcinogenic organic compounds found in well water in nine Minneapolis-St. Paul suburbs, and several outstate
communities.
bMost prevalent in karst area and irrigated sandplains.
cLocally elevated due to improper disposal of arsenic pesticides in 1930s and 1910s; also naturally elevated in
some areas of state underlain by cretaceous rocks.
^Locally elevated naturally, especially iron and manganese in glacial deposits.
elocally, may be a problem; more data being gathered.
-330-
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STATK: MXVBBSOTA
3. STATE GBOUHMIAnH MAUGEMEIT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertalnijag to Ground-Hater Quality nnd Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground -water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Statute Maae/Ho.
M.S. 115.03, 144.35
M.S. 114. 12
M.S. 144.35, .383
M.S. 115.03, M.S. 105.38,
M.S. 144.05
M.S. 116. 07
M.S. 116.101
M.S. 84. 57
M.S. 105. 40(10), 156A.07.3L54,
32.392
M.S.156A.03, .07
M.S. 144. 363, 116.11
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
Regulation to control or abate water
pollution; establishment of reasonable
water pollution standards.
Regulation of disposal of sewage to
water.
Protection of water supplies to ensure
safe drinking water.
Laws relating to pollution, conservation,
and environmental health.
Hazardous waste regulation and manage-
ment plan, including spill contingency
plan.
Permits for underground storage of gases
or liquids.
Water data collection.
Design, location, construction data on
water wells.
Development of an emergency plan when
decline in water quality/quantity causes
serious health risk; emergency powers to
direct discontinuance or abatement of
dangerous pollution.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy for ground -water
management under development
Check
X
X
X
-331-
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STATE: MXMBSOTA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: HPCA/State Planning Agency (See 3.2.2.3)
Yea X No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
MPCA developed Ground-Water Protection Strategy Framework in June 1983, assisted by Clean Water Act
funding, Sec. 208. This framework was developed with the assistance and input of approximately a dozen state
agencies having ground-water aanageaent responsibilities. The State Planning Agency is currently heading a team,
made up of representatives of many of these same agencies to review existing framework plans, strategies, and
legislation to make recommendations to the governors outlining a comprehensive ground-water management strategy
for the state. This will occur early in 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non -degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: Minnesota Rule MCAR Section 4.8022 sets a standard between non-degradation and limited degradation. The
State Strategy Framework's goal is to assure the maintenance of an adequate supply of ground water of sufficient
quality to meet reasonable demands for its use through: (1) improved water and related land resource management;
(2) identification of areas of the atate where ground-water development may be beneficially pursued and where
additional development may not be feasible; and (3) protection of the state's ground-water against contamination
to assure a safe source of water for human and animal consumption.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? yes No X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Actual or potential use of all Minnesota ground water for potable water supply constitutes highest
priority use.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
See Minnesota Rules, Ch. 7060, which references state standards which are essentially similar to the
National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
-332-
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STATE: MUWESOTA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities tar Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources
Pollution Control
Agency, Division
of Water Quality
Pollution Control
Agency, Division
of Solid and
Hazardous Waste1
Department of
Health, Division of
Environmental Health
University of
Minnesota, Minnesota
Geological Survey,
Department of
Geology and
Geophysics
Department of
Agriculture
Waste Management
Board
Soil and Water
Conservation Board
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
St&odArd
x"
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
BCRA
xJ
OIC*
xk
PUS*
X
PEC
X
Other
X*
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X«
X1
X°
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
SoU
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
Xf
xh
XEC
xri
xP
8U1C = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Appropriation permit program.
eGround-water hydrology study.
Underground gas and liquid storage permits.
BNPDES Permits Program.
"other functions Include water quality management planning, municipal sludge disposal, emergency response unit (spills),
state disposal system permits, and Agricultural Waste Unit.
Wnages state super fund.
•^Interim authorization.
Application for authorization being prepared.
Statewide ambient ground-water monitoring program.
"functions Include the Site Response Section, the Hazardous Waste Generator Program, solid and hazardous waste facility
and transportation permits, underground injection control, solid and hazardous waste facility review, and solid and
hazardous waste and ground-water program development.
"functions include water, exploratory, and monitoring well construction, the Safe Drinking Water Program, and analytical
services (laboratory).
°Functions include hydrogeologic mapping (statewide), hydrogeochemistry mapping, research and mapping, water well drii.*
logs database, and High Capacity Well Database (HICAPS).
^Functions Include a Hazardous Waste Management Plan, siting of hazardous waste facilities, and solid waste man??ecs...
-333-
-------
MXHUOTA
trifle
Protection of apeolfio aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water dischargee
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Othar (specify) i
Inforaation txohange
Health advisory on drinking water
Contract for analytical aervioea
Cbeok if
AnelliMhle
X
X
X
X
DMoriptiQB of AgratMBta
•ad ifvaoiM
The Minneaota Pollution Control Agency and the Land Management
Information Center of the State Planning Agency for data
management services.
Pollution Control Agency, Department of Health, State Planning,
Department of Natural Reaoureea, Minnesota Oeologioal Survey,
USQSi Interagenoy Advisory Group.
Interagenoy agreement between Department of Health and
Pollution Control Agency.
3.5. Atatua of Ground-water Resource Aaaeaaaent Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Asaeaaaent at waste altea
Other (specify):
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
USOS ia mapping and describing the state 'a aquifers. MOS is
developing county hydrogeologio atlases.
Ambient ground-water monitoring program.
Hydrogeologio study of selected dump aitea.
MWJR geophysical assessment of burled sand aquifer systems in
west central Minneaota.
-334-
-------
•TUB i unman
3.6. State
MoBitoriai *ro«r«
Type* of NoDiteriai
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cbeck
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoriac Prognua
Minnesota Rule SW-6(2) requires monitoring at sanitary
landfills but requirement has not been uniformly applied
and some monitoring systems are not adequate to deteot
leaohate. Host sites have at least three monitoring
wells.
Monitoring required of spills, leaks, and uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites.
Limited ground-water monitoring program for pesticides
has been initiated by the Department of Agriculture.
The state has a total of 107 wells and springs.
Currently all of the 87 counties have at least one
station. The goal is to have approximately 400 quality
sampling sites sampled once every five years.
Monitoring of impoundments and land application sites
required by State Disposal System or NPDE5 permits if
project review reveals potential for significant ground-
water impacts.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(CbMk)
X
xb
X
HUM of
Database
(Specify)
SWIMS*
STORE!
"Solid Waste Fscility Inventory Monitoring System.
^Viator quality database being computerized at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites on s case-by-case basis
as funding allows.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
«^_^ Context
Approaches -^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground -
«atw Permit
Issues Issuance
X X*
Xb Xb
X
X
Xc
Regulation
Adoption,
Changes
Xb
X
Specific
Ground -
Hater
Strategy
X
X
Xd
Other
X*
"Public participation required for permits, siting decisions.
bCase-by ease; depends on issue.
^Published reports: ground-water monitoring manual; ambient ground-water reports.
^Framework report, MPCA.
•Ground-water users' guide.
-335-
-------
STATE: MINNESOTA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROOID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Progra*
Status of Progru Delegation
State Iaplea«Dtlng Agency
Dtauaual/Motevorthy
Program Characteristics
UIC
Not delegated; nave applied
for delegation
MPCA
BCRA
Not delegated; applying for
full authority
MPCA
PVS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-336-
-------
4.2. Grant Statua
3TATB: MXniSOTA
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeote/Taaks and Budget
Clean Hater lot
Section 106
Consolidated
Ground-Hater
Program
$1,020,000 Under development.
$222,930 Submitted to Region V for approval.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$149,640
Under development.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$1,798,560
Under development.
RCTA
Section 3011
$546,200
Under development.
UIC
$70,000
Under development.
FIFRA
Section 23(a}(1)
$169,500
Under development.
-337-
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STATE: MXMB30TA
5. STATB-OBIGIBATBD GBODID-HATBR PBOTBCTION FHOGUMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: See item 3.2.2.3.; also, MPCA is currently developing an implementation strategy for ground-water
quality protection at waste management facilities to provide guidance in interpretation and implementation of
ground-water quality standards.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Four types of monitoring are conducted: 1) One type of monitoring is for ambient ground-water
quality. The state has a total of 407 wells and springs. Currently all of the 87 counties have at least one
station. The goal is to have approximately 400 quality sampling sites sampled once every five years. Funding for
the ambient ground-water monitoring program was $100,000. 2) Minnesota Rule SW-6(2) requires monitoring at
sanitary landfills but this requirement has not been uniformly applied, and some monitoring systems are not
adequate to detect leachate. Host sites have at least three monitoring wells. 3) Monitoring of impoundments and
land application sites is required by State Disposal System or NPDES permits if project review reveals potential
for significant ground-water impacts. 4) Monitoring is required of spills, leaks, and uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. 5) MDH monitoring of public water supplies as part of the SDUA program.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Mater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Continuing programs of USGS and MGS (see 3.5, page 7).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: 1) The Department of Agriculture (see 3.6, page 8) does limited ground-water monitoring. 2) MPCA
Hule: agricultural waste control permit/certification program administered by the Water Quality Division.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-338-
-------
STaTK: MXME30TA
5.5. Permita/Control of Diaoharges to Oround ttater
Description: The Pollution Control Agency is currently revising solid waste rules and regulations; monitoring of
impoundments and land application sites required SOS or HPDES permits if project review reveals potential for
significant ground-water impacts.
FI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septio Management Program
Description: MPCA rules; program administered by the Hater Quality Division.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Aboveground bulk storage: MPCA rules; program administered by the Water Quality Division.
Underground storage: legislation proposed by MPCA; directs agency to conduct tank inventory and develop technical
rules for tank installation and monitoring.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than JtCRA/Superfund)
Description: 1) State superfund: administered by MPCA, Solid and Hazardous Waste Division. 2) Emergency
Response (spills) Unit: responds to short-term spill and leak emergencies; administered by MPCA, Water Quality
Division.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-339-
-------
8TATB OBOOBTMfiTBB PBOOBiM
STATE: OBIO
(ART
1. lATOBB Of IHB OB09B1MMTBB 1E300BCB
1.1. Oaolcgle and Bfdrologlo Characteristic*. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formation*! rook types, mreal extent and tbiokneaa, transmiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraoteriatioi
nqraiograpbio
•egion/ProTinoe a:
nqraiograpblo
Becion/Prorinoe B:
RijaiocraDbio
Bagion/Provinoe C:
Peroeot of «Ute oovered
bf tbU province
Onoonfined aquifer(a)
5% » Glacial outwaah
depoaita (aand and
gravel.
95% • Glacial drift
and burled valley
depoaita. Bedrock
aquifers (both
confined and unoonfined.
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: Ohio consists of both consolidated sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated sediments. The bedrock valleys
that were later filled with glacial materials are commonly referred to aa "buried valleys." The most significant
of these buried valley aquifers are the Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Muskingum, and Hocking.
-340-
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STATE: OHIO
1.2. Primary DM» of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of ToUl f Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
52
30
2
16
100 5% - G.W.
95* - S.W.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
25J
2,717,000
Domestic
Hells
17*
1,810,000
Total
42$
4,527,000
-341-
-------
arm i ouo
t.l. •ouroea (Cbeok mjor MNIPOM ef Matuimtlan and rank top tau>
I a nut BMt Mrieua, «te.)
1 • w*t Mrioua,
Scwp* QMMdc lank
Septic tanks X* t
Municipal landfills
On-aite industrial X «
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoona, aurface
Impoundments)
Other land f ilia X 4
Surface lopoundnenta X 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X 2
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Disposal of waste X
into abandoned or
dry wells
feuFM ObMk Buk
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous XD
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting X
•Improper use of septic tank disposal systems for paint thinnera, waste oil,
cleaning fluids, and solvents.
^Nineteen sites in Ohio have been Included on the EPA'a National Priority
List; four of the nineteen could be inundated by 100-year floods.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
X
X
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides _____
Arsenic
Brine salinity X
Other _=
Metals
X
Radioactive material _
Peaticides .
Other (specify)
x»
^Bacterial.
-342-
-------
arm i oaxo
3. ITATI OMUIO-IUTBR MAMQIMUR StlUCTTOI
3.1. State Statutes Fartalaiai to Ground Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitor* br Statute
Statute Baaw/Mo.
fiMoriptlon of Authority Pertaining
to Qrouad-lfcUr Protection
General mter pollution
oontrol
Ohio Revised SUtutt 6111.01
Water pollution oontrol statute
Pollution of watera of stat* prohibittd.
Ground-w»t«r quality
(inoludins publio boalth
atandarda)
Obio Xtriaod Statut*
6111.03 and 6111.041
Conduct atuditai OKPA may adopt standards.
Solid Maat*
Ohio Roviaad Statutt 373H.02
Authority to govarn aolid mates •
Hazardous waste
Mining
Ohio Revised Statute
Oil and gas
Ohio Revised Statute 1509
Other (specify):
Ohio Revised Statute 3745
Functions/duties of environmental agency.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state atatutea
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-343-
-------
STATE: OBIO
3.2.2. Development of flmnnrl Bator Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Tes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Strategy framework to be completed January 1985.
3*2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The draft Ohio EPA Ground-Water Protection Policy states that Sections G111 and 3745 of the Ohio Revised
Code mandate that no person or entity has the right to conduct activities which may result in the pollution of any
state waters (including ground water) to the extent that detrimental effects upon current or future water uses
will occur. OEPA's policy is to insure that water supplies do not present a health hazard and that all other
Intended uses of water are not Impaired by the effects of pollution at the present or in the future.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground-water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-344-
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STATE: OBXO
3.3. SUte Agency Raponalbllltlea for Ground-Mater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of Health
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Natural Resources
Ohio EPAd
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Aelegated Program
RC3U
X
OIC*
X
X
rasb
X
m°
X
Otter
X
teU
Collec-
tion ,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conoer-
tatlon
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro.
Road
De-lolng
Other
X«
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dManages Superfund.
Responsible for environmental protection throughout the state; regulates solid and hazardous waste landfills, and
industrial lagoons.
-345-
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STATE: OHIO
3.4. loter-Acenoy
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-totter contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Pollution associated with oil
production
Cbaok If
iDDlloable
X
X
X
Description of taiananiit u
and Agencies
Agreement with Ohio Department of Natural Resources and Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency.
Ohio EPA is the designated lead agency in coordination of state
response to oil and hazardous chemical spills.
Memorandum of Agreement between Ohio EPA and Ohio Department
of Natural Resources coordinates concurrent responsibilities
for Investigating and mitigating pollution associated with oil
production.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
1
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Ground -water mapping program is being administered by Department
of Natural Resources.
Aquifer mapping by Ohio Environmental Protection Agency.
Inventories of landfills, ponds, pits, and lagoons; inventory of
Classes I, 11, and V injection wells.
-346-
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STATB: OHIO
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-Hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cheek
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring at 40 sites, 2% of industrial lagoons and 5>
of landfills.
all hazardous waste facilities are monitored.
The ambient monitoring system is being re-designed to
reflect site-specific problems.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeok)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
**•*— ^^^ Context
Approaches ~~^-—^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
Htter Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa
aA public advisory group was formed in the summer of 1983 to review, comment, and
provide input on new agency programs and proposals.
-347-
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STATE: OBIO
4* STATE XmBRHTATIO* Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROORD VATER
Federal
Status of Prograa Delegation
Stat*
Agraey
Progru Ctarmotoriatioa
QIC
QIC
Delegated Class XI and
Class III mils
Delegated Class I, IT, and
T wells
Department of natural
Resources
Ohio Envlronaental Protection
agency
ROM
Delegated
Phase I Interim Authority
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
PWS
Delegated
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
-348-
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3TATB: OHIO
4.2. Grant SUtua
Grant
PX 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeet»/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$2,060,000
Under development.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
41,377,210
Under development.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
15,508,840
Under development.
RCRA
Section 3011
$2,586,800
UIC
$137,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
$242,400
-349-
-------
oexo
5. STAYI-OBXQXMTID OBOOIIMUTBI PBOTICTZOI PIOQUN8
5.1. Ground-Naur Strata*?
(including ground-water quality standard! and olaaaifioatien)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding i
Funding Souroet
5.2. Oround-VaUr Nonitorinf
Description:
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Souro*:
5.3. Oround-Vater R«aouro« AaMa«M«it/Aqulf«r Study/Napping
Description: The Department of Natural Resources conducts a ground-water napping program.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contaaination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-350-
-------
arm i QUO
5.5* Nnelta/Cootrol of DlMtaifM to Oroiad Mat*r
DMoriptieat
n 19** Fundingi
Funding
S.6. BtBtlo MtaMfMMBt Program
Deaorlptiont
rz 1981 Funding:
Funding Souroe:
5.7. Bulk Storac*/ODtertrouDd Stone* Tank Prognuw
DMoription:
FY 19B« Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. ContavlnktlaD Bespaaae Pragma
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 198M Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otlwr: Nell Regulation
Deaorlption: The Department of Health and Ohio EPA administer well oonatruotion regulations. The Department of
Health alao administers the Mil drillers' registration program.
-351-
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STATE OBOOIP-HATEB PBOOBAM 30IMABT
STATS: WSCOBSIB
1. 1AT0BE OF THE OBOOMD-HATER BBSOOTCE
1.1. Qeologle and Hydrologle Cbaractariatica. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(I.e. fornationa, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraoteristioa
Physiographic
Begion/ProTince A:
Physiographic
Begion/Prorinoe B:
Phyaiocraphic
Bagion/ProTinee C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Obconfined Aqulfer(a)
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: There are four principal aquifers: (1) a aand-and-gravel aquifer underlies the entire state except for
the unglaciated southwest; (2) the eastern dolomite aquifer lies beneath the aand-and-gravel aquifer in the
eastern area and consists of dolomite underlain by shale; (3) a sandstone and dolomite aquifer lies beneath the
sand-and-gravel aquifer in most of the state except the north central area; and (4) a crystalline bedrock aquifer
underlies most of the state.
-352-
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STaTI: MXSCOISXI
1.2. Prlaary Osea of Ground Utter M Percent of Total Usage
OM
Public Hater Systems
(including Municipal)
Industrial
(except Municipal )
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% ot Total
Oround Water
«7
16
13
23
1
100
* around Water
of Total Hater
51
21
96
93
0.03
1.3. Population Helianoe on Oround Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear i960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells
Total
34* 34* 68*
1,598,000 1,598,000
3,196,000
-353-
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STATE: MSCOMSII
2.1. Sources (Check major sources of oontasdnatlon
2 B next moat serious, etc.)
rank top four — 1 * moat serious,
Source Cbeok Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Source Cbeok lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X*
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Other (specify):
Abandoned wells X
and well pits;
spills
aLeaohate from landfills abandoned prior to hazardous and solid waste regulations and those "grandfathered" under
JO A, and orphaned landfills.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
thirty-five systems have been found in violation of the radium standard (natural condition),
Aidioarb contamination exists in the central six-county area.
°Bacterial.
-354-
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STATEi VISCOISH
3. 3TATB GBOUKD-VATEB MAUGEMBn STftOCTORB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and PoUution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify) :
Fertilizers and pesticides
Septic tanks
Veil drilling
Land disposal
Statute Bane/Bo.
Visconain Statutes, Ch. 144.
1963 Wisconsin Act 410,
Visconain Statutes, Ch. 160
Visconsin Statutes, Ch. 144.
Visconsin Statutes, Ch. 144.
LUST, Ch. 101
Ch. 94
Ch. 145
Ch. 162
Ch. 14?
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General environmental provisions.
May 1984 legislation provides for
2-tiered ground-water standards (preven-
tive action and enforcement); a compensa-
tion fund for contaminated private water
veils; the development of a ground -water
monitoring system; laboratory certifica-
tion; an environmental repair fund for
investigating, ranking, and repairing
waste disposal sites; and other miscel-
laneous provisions including authority
to "zone" for ground-water protection,
new programs to control salt piles,
and storage of bulk products like pes-
ticides and fertilizers.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-355-
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STATE: WISCOISII
3*2.2. Development of Qrouod-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resourees/Ground-Water
Coordinating Council
Ho
3.2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources is developing administrative rules to implement Wisconsin
Act 410, following the statutory schedule. The state la conducting a pilot ground-water protection plan in one
county that will lead to a state-wide ground-water management plan. There are cooperative projects with USGS, the
University of Wisconsin, and the state Geological Survey.
3.2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The policy in the May 1981 ground-water legislation provides: "The legislature Intends to minimize the
concentration of polluting substances in ground water through the use of numerical standards in all ground-water
regulatory programs. The numerical standards will become criteria for the protection of public health and
welfare, to be achieved in ground-water regulatory programs concerning the substances for which standards are
adopted. To this end, the legislation Intends that: ... to establish an administrative process which will
produce numerical standards. . . the enforcement and preventive action limits will be adopted independent of any
regulatory programs . . . and will provide adequate safeguards for public health and welfare."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
The standards are two-tiered: one tier for preventive action, and one tier for enforcement.
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Draft administrative rules will establish standards for public health and welfare concerns, including
contaminants in drinking water from metals, pesticides, and organics.
-356-
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STATE: HISCONSXB
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protectloo
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Water
Resources Management
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of
Water Supply
Department of
Natural Resources,
Bureau of Solid
Waste Management*
Department of
Health and
Social Services
Department of
Agriculture, Trade
and Consumer
Protection
Department of
Industry, Labor
and Human Relations
Department of
Transportation
State Geological
Survey
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X*
x«
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
1
me*
X
PHSb
X
n°
xh
Otber
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
xJ
Otbei
Xf
X1
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPNS : Public Hater System.
°PE s Pesticides Enforcement.
^Develops standards for substances that are public welfare concern; establishes standards by rule.
€Managcs Superfund.
fSpills.
^Recommends enforcement standards and preventive action limits that are public health concern (non-regulatory role).
hPestlcide use.
Regulates storage of flanmable and combustible liquids; and septic tanks.
•'Regulates bulk storage of de-icing material.
-357-
-------
StATti WXSCOISIB
3.4.
Agreement*
Topios
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground -water eonUalMtion incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Coordination of non-regulatory
programs and exchange of
Information
CbMk if
Anplioable
X
X
X
DMoriptloo of ACTMMBU
Alld m\mYmVmfll.Aml
The Department of Agriculture and the Department of Natural
Reiouroea for pesticidea. The Department of Natural Reaouroea
and the Departnent of Induatry, Labor, and Human Relation! for
LUST.
USGS and the State Geologic Survey.
An eight-member Ground-water Coordinating Council advlaea and
assists state agenclea in this area.
3.5* Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check If
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Has started mapping of susceptible/critical area. Is
proposing: (1) digital mapping system to develop ground-
later contamination potential map; (2) cooperative project
with USGS to map unconsolidated aquifers; and (3) county
studies by State Geological Survey. The state's draft
Statewide Ground-water Management Plan proposes the
development of an integrated database.
Ambient ground-water quality
See below under "Assessment at waste sites."
Assessment at waste sites (flow
direction, depth to watertable, and
siting evaluation)
Resource assessment for approval of siting new wastewater
disposal systems and landfills.
Other (specify)
-358-
-------
ffATBs WSCOISII
3.6. IUtt OrwMl-Mit** MoBltorinc
Type* of Monitoring
Non-hazard cue
waste eitee
Hazardous waste altea
Salt water
Peaticldea
Ambient monitoring
Other
QMttk
Z
X
X
X
Brief ftMwrljttan of Neoltorlaf Program
Ground-water monitoring system required for all new
aitea.
See above.
A ayatea ia being developed for nonitoring use and
diapoaal.
The atate'a draft Statewide Ground-Water Management
Plan proposes the development of an integrated database.
A state ground-water data systems work group has
completed a study pertaining to data management.
OaU
Ootsputarixed
(OMOk)
X"
•MM of
(Specify)
STORETb
"Wisconsin Act 410 requires the Vlaoonain Department of Natural Resources to develop a statewide ground-water
monitoring program.
bThe state uses STORE! for surface water quality data, but wants to clean up this data before it considers
expanding the use of STORET for ground water.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
-— ^^ Context
Approaches ^^"---*^_i^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Oround-
Htter Permit Adoption, Hater
laauea Zaauanoe Changes Strategy Other
Xa
Xb
"Held regional publia meetings on ground-water legislation prior to enactment.
''The Department of Natural Resources, the State Geological Survey, and the University
extension have produced a 32-page magazine, a narrative slide show, and a speaker's
bureau.
-359-
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STATE: WISCONSIN
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Impl«»entii« Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Charaotarlatloa
UIC
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Vater Supply
Prohibits Classes I-IV.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I Interim
Authority
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Solid Haste Management
PWS
Delegated
Department of Natural
Resources, Bureau of
Water Supply
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
Aldicarb problem.
-360-
-------
3TATB: WISCONSIN
4.2. Orut SUtua
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Claan Water Act
Section 106
$1,530,000 environmental impact analysis and i»pl
— ground water (360 hours).
itation
Clean Mater Act
Section 205(J)
$661,370 Ground-water Modelling (790 hours); specific ground-water
modelling (1,600 hours); ground-water policies and
standards (3,850 hours); ground-water management plan
development (3,195 hours).
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$2,645,180
RCRA
Section 3011
$761,900
QIC
$60,900
Ground-water contamination studies (1,011 hours);
professional development (117 hours); public
involvement and technical assistance (1,896
hours); program development and management
(1,106 hours).
PIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$156,900
-361-
-------
3YATI: MISCMSII
5. 3TATB-01XGXMATBD OB00ID-WATBI PMTICTXO* PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality atandards and classification)
Description: May 1964 lagialatlon provides for establishment of 2-tiered ground-water standards (preventive
action and enforcement). The atate is conducting a pilot ground-water protection plan in one county that will
lead to statewide ground-water management plan.
FT 1984 Funding:
funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Nay 1984 lagialatlon provides for development of a ground-water monitoring system.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3« Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The state's draft Ground-Water Management Plan proposes development of an integrated ground-water
database. Other activities include mapping of susceptible/critical areas, and a digital mapping system to develop
a map showing areas of potential ground-water contamination.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-362-
-------
STATE: WISCOMSK
5.5. Peraita/Control of Discharges to Ground totter
Description: Wisconsin Act 110 controls discharges to ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: May 1981 legislation provides authority to control salt piles and storage of bulk products such as
pesticides and fertilizers.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: May 19&1 legislation includes provision for a compensation fund for contaminated private water
trails, and for an environmental repair fund for investigating, ranking, and repairing waste disposal sites.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
Description: May 1981 legislation includes authority to "zone" for ground-water protection.
-363-
-------
-------
REGION VI
-------
STATE OROPiD-MATER PROGRAM 8DMMAHT
STATE: ARKANSAS
1. HATURB OF THE OROOHD-VATER RESOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Characteristics. Deaoribe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Interior Highland Province
Physiographic
Region/ProTiDoe B:
Gulf Coastal Plain
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this provlooe (estimated)
Approximately
50JS
Approximately
50%
Onoonfined Aquifer(s)
The northwestern half of
Arkansas, the Interior
Highland, is a hilly to
mountainous region. The
bedrock consists of
interbedded shale, sand-
stone, and limestone.
The rocks are relatively
old geologically, and
they have been compacted
and cemented. There are
2 main types of aquifers:
the Interior Highland
consolidated bedrock
aquifer, and the Arkansas
Valley aquifer. In the
first type, water occurs
in fractures, Joints, and
solution channels in
carbonated sandstones and
shales which are generally
less than 100 feet deep.
In the second type, the
alluvium is of Quaternary
age and consists of
unconsolldated sands,
silts, clays, and gravels
about 65 feet thick.
The Quaternary
(unconfined) deposits,
especially those of
the Mississippian
alluvium are the most
productive aquifers in
the state, used mostly
for irrigation purposes.
Confined Aquifer(s)
There are two fairly
extensive aquifers in
the Interior Highlands,
the Roubldoux and the
Gunter, which are found
at depths of 600-2000
feet.
The Gulf Coastal Plain
consists of low hills
and relatively flat
land. The underlying
deposits generally
consist of unconsol-
idated sands, silts,
clays, and gravels
which are usually
separated by con-
fining layers of clay.
The deposits range in
thickness from almost
nothing by the Interior
Highland boundary to
1,500 feet at the
southern corner of the
state.
The second Most important
aquifer is the Sparta
Sand, which is a major
source of drinking water
for communities in both
Arkansas and Louisiana.
-364-
-------
ST1TB: ABUISaS
1.2. Primary 0»e* of Ground Mater as Percent of Total Oaage
OM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
DoBeatic/Bural
Other (specify):
Wildlife impoundments
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hater
3
2
93
2
0.1
100.1
1.3. Population Bellanoe oa Oround Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear I960
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
56>
1,220,000
Note: Counties in the eastern and southern part are totally dependent on ground
water for drinking water; 76% of communities in the state are totally dependent on
ground water for drinking water.
-365-
-------
STATE:
2.1. Sources (Cbeek major sources of ooota
2 * next moat serious, etc.)
taatioo end nude top four — 1
t ser.
Source Cbaok Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X*
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X°
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Spills X
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xb
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
*RCRA monitoring reports indicate serious contamination in wells surrounding eight sites in the state. Some
are located in recharge areas of major aquifers. (See draft, USOS Report #81, Ground-Hater Problems in Arkansas.
partially funded by ADPC4E and delivered to the EPA, Dallas, Water Programs Section.)
bSalt water intrusion in eastern Arkansas continues to increase. The worst area is in Monroe County near
Brinkley. Other areas are in Chicot, Deaha, Independence, and White counties.
°Brine pits in south Arkansas and salt water intrusion into the El Dorado and Magnolia public supplies are a
source of concern.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
„
X
xa
X
X
X
_____
Metals X
Radioactive material Xb
Pesticides
Other (specify) X
-------
STATE: ARtAUSAS
3. STATE GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT STRDCTOBE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Hame/Mo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Arkansas Water and Air Pollution
Control Act, Act 472, as amended
This act gives the Department of
Pollution Control and Ecology the
authority to protect the quality of the
state's waters, including ground water.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Same as above.
Same as above.
Solid waste
Arkansas Solid Waste Management Act,
Act 23? of 1971; Arkansas Solid Waste
Management Code, Act 238 of 1973
General sanitation regulations
Act 402 of 1977
General sanitation regulations prohibit
the contamination of the ground water.
Act 402 of 1977 gives the Health
Department the authority to develop
regulations for septic tanks and review
use of septic tanks, and sets up rules and
regulations for sewage disposal systems
and installers.
Hazardous waste
The Hazardous Materials Transportation
Act of 1977, Act 421 of 1977
(Arkansas Transportation Commission)
Rules and Regulations Governing
Transport of Hazardous Waste
(Arkansas Transportation Commission)
Railroad Transportation Procedures of
Hazardous Materials, Act 651 of 1979
Mining
Arkansas Surface Coal Mining and
Reclamation Act of 1979. Act 134 of
1979
Arkansas Open Cut Land Reclamation Act,
Act 336 of 1977
Oil and gas
Act 105 of 1939 Oil and Gas Regulations
Permits injection wells.
Other (specify):
Agency enabling
legislation
Salt water/field
waste control
Water quality standards
Pesticides, herbicides
control
Act 96 of 1913 gives the Health
Department Board the power to develop
regulations to control pollution.
Regulation No. 1 for the Prevention of
Pollution by Salt Water and Other Field
Wastes Produced by Wells in New Fields
or Pools.
Regulation No. 2, as amended, Arkansas
Water Quality Standards Interim
Revisions
Pest Control Law, Act 466 of 1975
Pesticide Control Act and Regulations,
Act 410 of 1975
Pesticide Use and Application Act and
Regulations Act 389 of 1975
-367-
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3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
STATE: ARUISAS
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy In existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-368-
-------
STATE: AilAMSAS
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development prooeaa?
Xea I Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Pollution Control and Ecology for quality; Soil and
Water Conservation Commission for quantity
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
A ground-water strategy is being put together with 208 funds under the state Water Quality Management
Plan. Drafts of this strategy along with completed reports from this project have been sent to EPA, Dallas, Water
Programs and Ground-Water Protection Sections.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3> Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-369-
-------
STATE: AUAISAS
3.3. State Ageaoy lacponalbilltlcm for ground Mater Protection
Responsible
SUte
Agency
Department of
Pollution Control
and Ecology
Department of Health
State Plant Board
Forestry Commission
Soil and Water
Conservation
Commission
Geological
Commission
Oil and Gas
Commission
Oround-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
PederaUy-Delecated Proem
•CRA
Z
rac»
X
X
ras*
X
«°
X
Oth*r
x"
Data
Collao-
Uon,
Aquifer
Happing,
•to.
X
Qrcund-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
mtioB
X
Mlali«
X
ProUo-
tion
fro*
load
0*-lei«
Otbei
X»
Xf
X«
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
kpws s Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department also implements moat Clean Water Act programs such as the Section 208, 106, and construction grants
programs that have an indirect impact.
6The Department also regulates construction and use of aeptic tanks.
rThe Commission oversees use of BMP pesticides in state forests.
*The Commission Is charged with composing and updating State Water Plan.
-370-
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STATE: AUAISAS
3.4. Xntar-Aceaoy Agrewents
Topioa
Cbeok if
Applicable
Deaorlption of Agreeaenta
and Agencies
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
The State Interagenoy Ground-Water Steering Conmittee was put
together as part of the 208 Ground-Water Strategy Task. The
Steering Committee provides guidance and reviews projects
connected with the development of that strategy.
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
The Oil and Gas Commission and the Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology have a memorandum of understanding to
cooperate in the administration of the state's UIC program.
The former is responsible for Class II wells while the
Department of Pollution Control and Ecology is responsible
for all other classes, except for Class V bromine-related
wells which are administered jointly by the two agencies.
Ground-water contamination incidents
The Department of Pollution Control and Ecology and the Health
Department have an agreement for emergency response under which
the Department of Pollution Control and Ecology will handle
whatever cleanup is necessary, and the Health Department will
handle threats to public health.
Geological survey
The Arkansas Geological Commission has several cooperative
agreements with the U.S. Geological Survey,Water Resources
Division, including a ground-water survey, a stream gauging
program, and a water quality program. The Director of the
Geological Commission serves on the Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology Commission and the state's Natural Resource
Committee.
Other (specify):
Leaking storage tank control
(note RCRA II changes)
Through the office of the State Fire Marshall, interagency
coordination meetings have been held on the problem of leaking
storage tanks.
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STATE: ARKAISAS
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource
>t Activities
Activity
Qwok if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ongoing cooperative projects between the Geological Commission
and USGS include a ground-water survey, a stream gauging
program and a water quality program. Other USGS activities
Include: trying to determine the salt water sources in aquifers
at El Dorado, Brinkley, and Eudora; mapping deep aquifers in
north Arkansas; maintaining a file of drillers' logs of all
water wells drilled in Arkansas; maintaining a file of
geophysical logs of selected water wells uaed in various
projects; and maintaining a repository of selected well samples
for study.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
UIC
Under the VIC program, the Soil and Water Conservation
Commission and USGS undertook to conduct aquifer identification
and characteristics projects for the Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology. The State Soil and Water Conservation
Commission completed the following projects: 1) an Inventory of
public water supply wells; 2) an inventory of locations of
irrigation wells; 3) atate maps with county boundaries, one map
for each aquifer showing aquifer boundaries and location of
public water wells; and 4) state maps showing total population
served by ground water in each county. USGS completed the
following projects: 1) approximately 20 maps for each aquifer
in the Coastal Plain showing overlying and underlying aquifers,
thickness, potentiometric surface, and TDS concentration; 2)
four cross-sections showing aquifers and dissolved-solids
concentration; and 3) a hydrogeologic narrative describing
lithology, hydrologlc characteristics, and water quality in
aquifers of the Coastal Plain.
-372-
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STATE: AMU
3.6. State OroQod-Water Monitoring
Type* of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sitea
Hazardoua waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient •onitoring
Other:
Water quantity
•onitoring
Irrigation well
monitoring
Project-specific
Monitoring
Cheek
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Some 17 altea are monitored on a alte-apeolfio baala
under the Federal RCRA prograa. Newly permitted land-
filla are now required to inatall ground-water monitor-
ing walla and report reaulta on a quarterly baaia.
USGS monitors 26 water quality wells on a five-a-year
baaia. The chemical data from these samples are
published every two years. (The Health Department
monitors tri-annually about 435 communities using
ground-water for those parameters identified in the
Safe Drinking Water Act. Bacteriological samples
are analyzed on a monthly basis.)
USOS and the State Geological Commission jointly
monitor water levels for over 200 wells, and publish a
yearly water-level report.
The Soil Conservation Service has begun a special 11-
county Irrigation well monitoring survey, mostly for
water levels; aome testing for nitrates has also been
done.
Many walla are aampled and aome monitoring wella are
eatabliahed for particular ground-water projects in
the atate (e.g., the aalt water contamination in the
Sparta Sand, El Dorado area, and in Quaternary
aquifers in the Brinkley and Bud or a areas).
MonltorU*
Data
Computerised
(Check)
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
STORE!
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
""•- — _^_^ Context
Approaches -^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific [
Ground- Regulation Ground- i
vatw Permit Adoption, Hater
laaues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X X X
X8
•The Health Department informs the public through public notices of Safe Drinking
Water Act violations.
-373-
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STATE: AHKAISAS
4. STATE IMPLENEITATIOII OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROOID MATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
qpusual/Koteworthy
Program Characteristics
01C
Delegated
Class I, III, IV:
Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
Class II: Oil and Gas
Coonisaion
Class V: Oil and Gas
Commission, and
Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
The Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology is the lead
agency; it works jointly on
Class V responsibilities with
the Oil and Gas Commission.
RCRA
Delegated
Phase I, A, B, C
Department of Pollution
Control and Ecology
State regulations are more
stringent than the Federal
regulations; health monitoring
is required at new commercial
facilities.
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Exceeds EPA's 1985 compliance
goals.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
State Plant Board
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STATE: AUCAKSAS
4.2. Gnmt status
Grant
1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$800,000 These funda will be applied to the coordination and
administration of the ground-water strategy task and
policies.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$160,030
None
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$640,120 The facility planning portion of the grant process
Includes planning for protection of ground water.
RCRA
Section 3011
$350,700 Ground-water monitoring will be required of 17
treatment, storage, or disposal sites.
UIC
$118,200
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$165,000
None
-375-
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STATE: ARKANSAS
5. STATB-OHIGHATED GROQID-WATBR PROTBCTIOi PBOGBAKS
5.1. Oround-H»ter Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and claaaifioation)
Description: A ground-water strategy is being put together with 208 funds under the state Hater Quality
Management Plan. Drafts of this strategy, along with completed reports, have been submitted to the EPA in Dallas,
Hater Programs and Ground-Hater Protection Sections.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: About 435 communities using ground water are monitored tri-annually by the Health Department for
those parameters called for under the Safe Drinking Hater Act. Bacteriological samples are analyzed on a monthly
basis.
Newly permitted landfills are required to install ground-water monitoring wells and report results quarterly.
Monitoring for salt water contamination is conducted in the Sparta Sand (El Dorado area) and the Quaternary
aquifers (Brinkley and Eudora area).
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Aaaeaaaent/Aquifer Study/Happing
Description: The USGS has developed approximately 20 aquifer maps revealing contours, thickness, and
potentiometrie surfaces. A hydrogeologic narrative describing lithology, hydrologic characteristics and water
quality in aquifers of the Coastal Plain has also been completed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The State Plant Board is in charge of pesticides enforcement.
FY 1984 Funding: i 160,000
Funding Source:
-376-
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STATE: AMaMSAS
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Hater Hell Committee registers and licenses water well drillers and contractors.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Jhnagement Program
Description: The Health Department has a statewide permit and inspection program for septic tank systems. It is
conducted by the County Sanitarian who approves applications for installation and conducts on-site inspections
prior to operation.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Through the office of the State Fire Marshall, Interagency coordination meetings have been held on
the problem of leaking storage tanks. No funds have yet been appropriated.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Pollution Control and Ecology Is responsible for contamination Incident clean-up,
while the Department of Health handles threats to public health.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-377-
-------
8TATB OBODTO-MTBR PBOOKAMSBIiiABT
3TATI: LOUISIANA
1. •ATOM Or THE OROOBIMfATEH USOORCB
1.1. Geologic and Bydroloslo Ckaraeterlatloa. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal oharaeterlatioa
(1.*. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamisalvity, aquifer Interconnection, extant
of contamination).
Urlatioa
Pnyaiograpbie
legion/Province A:
Southwestern
Pnyaiographie
Baglon/Provlaoe B:
Baton Rouge Area
Pbyaiograpfal
Bagion/ProTiaoe
Baton Rouge/
Mew Orleans Area
C:
Percent of atate covered
by till* province (eatlmted)
Dboonfioed Aqulfar(a)
Tbia area la underlain
by a thiok aequenee of
aoutherly and aouth-
easterly dipping inter-
bedded gravels, aanda,
silts, and elaya that
have been divided into
the Chieot, Evangeline,
and Jasper Aquifera.
The Chieot Reservoir
underlies most of south-
western Louisiana and
extends an unknown dis-
tance beneath the Gulf
of Mexico. The beds of
clay, sand, silt, and
gravel varies in thick-
ness from 100-800 feet.
It is recharged primarily
by precipitation. The
Evangeline and Jasper
Reservoirs consist of
unconsolidated fine to
medium-grained sand
ranging between 200-
3,400 feet thick.
This area la underlain
by a complex sequence
of continental and
marine sediments. The
alluvium and older
artesian aquifers
range between 400-
2,800 feet deep.
Alluvial deposits of
recent and Pleistocene
ages are limited to
the floodplain of the
Mississippi River near
Baton Rouge. These
deposits are approx-
imately 80f water-
bearing sands and
gravel, and 20% silt
and clay.
ThU area la part of
the upper deltaic plain
of the Miaaisslppi
River. Fresh water
aquifers are limited to
the upper 800 feet of
sediment by salt water
encroachment.
Confined Aquifer (a)
Notes: All of the above physiographic region aquifers are unconfined in the outcrop areas. However, the complex
fades changes results in these aquifers being artesian in nature down dip from the outcrop area. For the most
part it is the artesian portion of the above aquifers that are utilized, especially for municipal, irrigation, or
industrial use.
-378-
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STATE: LODISI1M1
1. BaTORg OF TBI OBOUID-WATIH IBSOOBCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydroloilo Cbar»ot»riatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmlaslvity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Charaotariatioa
Paroaat of atate oorerad
by this province (estimated)
DteODfiaad aqulfar(a)
CoBfiMd AquiferCa)
Physiographic Physiographic Phyaiographio
leglon/ProTiaoe D: lagloo/Proriao* 1: Baglon/Prorlnoe F:
Northern and Central
Southeastern Louisiana
This area is underlain
by a series of deposits
yielding small to large
amounts of ground-water.
Three of the more
important aquifers are
the Sparta Sand of the
Claiborne Group, the
Wilcox Group, and the
Quaternary Alluvium of
the Red River.
The Sparta Aquifer
varies between 400-
1,200 feet thick and is
composed of several
quasi -connected, thick
beds of sand.
The aquifers of the
Wilcox Group yield water
in northwestern
Louisiana, and are
composed of a sequence
of thin beds of lignitic
sands, sllty sand, sandy
and silty clay, and clay.
The Quaternary alluvial
deposits located in
northwestern and central
Louisiana consist of an
upper level of clay and
silt with sand and
gravel in the lower
half. The thickness
varies from less than
50 feet in central and
northern Louisiana to
3,500 feet near the
coast .
Inorooua quantities of Artesian conditions occur
aoft, drinkable water in portions of the above
are available from aquifers, Including the
Miocene sands to depths Quaternary deposits where
exceeding 3,500 feet in artesian and water table
some places. conditions exist.
i
-379-
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STATE: LOOISXAIA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Mater aa Percent of Total Oaage
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
f of Total » Ground Hater*
Ground Mater of Total Mater
15 44
26b 15°
56d SO0
3 93
100
•Total withdrawals: 7,770 MGD.
Includes: industrial—23*; power—3J.
"Includes: industrial—1tJ; power—1f.
Includes: agriculture—53J; aquaculture—3>.
"includes: agriculture—471; aquaculture—33>•
Notes: Figures on "c" and "e" above appear misleading due
to combining of aquaculture categories.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Mater for Drinking Mater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Mater
3y»tan
38>
1,520,000
Domestic
Vails
17*
680,000
Total
55*
2,200,000
-380-
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STATS: LOUISIANA
2.1. Source* (Check major mouroaa of contamination and
2 » next aoat marioua, «to.)
top roar — 1« moot marioua,
Source Qwok tank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfllla
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface Impoundments X*
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X*
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Saltwater injection X
wells
Hazardous waste X
underground
injection
Souro. ON* lank
Injection mils
Abandoned hazardous
Mate sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
X
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X
Road salting
Petro-chemical and wood
preserving industries
Poorly constructed and
abandoned wells
Contaminated water
piping
xb
X
xc
"The greatest potential risk to ground-water contamination may be the result of improperly constructed and/or
maintained surface impoundments and from salt water injection wells.
^Sources of ground-water contamination have been identified from the petro-chemical and wood preserving
industries, and primarily involve creosote and chlorinated organic compounds with specific gravities greater than
water. There does not appear to be a major problem involving other hazardous constituents or heavy metals.
Sources related to the petro-chemical industry are not necessarily related to waste management facilities, but
often Involve manufacturing and process areas, with contamination originating from product spillage and/or
leaking pipelines, storage, tanks, raw material transfer lines, or chemical sumps and drains designed for the
collection of accidental spills or routine maintenance runoff.
°There is a widespread occurrence of moderately corrosive ground-water which is often not corrected by treatment
before use. This is a cause for concern due to the Introduction of corrosion products into the water from the
corrosion of pipe and pipe joint materials. A common corrosion product appears to be lead which arises
from the corrosion of pipe joint material in house and service lines.
-381-
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2.2. Oontamlnitiiit Substances
(check)
STATE t LOQXSUIa
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine aalinity
Other
Metala
Radioactive material
Pesticldea
Other (apeclfy)
•There is the natural occurrence of flouride in 13 community public water supplies at levels that exceed the state
and Federal standard of 1.6 mg/1 and which are as high as 4 mg/1.
In some areas of the state, depleted aquifers are resulting in increasing salinities.
cSodium la naturally occurring in many smaller supplies at levels of health significance of up to 400 mg/1. There
is also the widespread natural occurrence of contaminants with significant, but non-health, effects, such as iron
and manganese.
-382-
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STATE: LOOISIAIA
3. STATE GROOID-VATEB MAMAGEMEHT STBOCTUHB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-ltater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laaw/Vo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control
Louisiana Water Control Law,
L.R.S. 30:1091-1096
This law provides for regulation of activities
which result in the discharge of substances into
the waters of the state Including ground
waters. Section 1095 prohibits any such
activity without the appropriate permit or
license required under regulations adopted
pursuant to the law.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
L.R.S. 00:1118
Regulates treatment and distillation systems
and monitors drinking water quality.
Solid waste
The Louisiana Solid Waste
Management and Resource Recovery
Law, L.R.S. 30:1121-1125.
Hazardous waste
The Louisiana Solid Waste
Management and Resource Recovery
Law, L.R.S. 30:1121-1125.
The law provides for the monitoring of drinking
water wells which provide public water supplies
located near commercial hazardous waste
facilities; requires that the regulations
regarding the treatment, storage, and disposal
of hazardous waste Insure that the water
supplies of the state are protected; provides
for a Hazardous Waste Protection Fund from which
monies can be used to maintain closed hazardous
waste facilities to protect ground waters;
provides for the cleanup of abandoned or
inactive hazardous waste sites in the state—It
includes provisions which would allow the
secretary to order the responsible person to
test, monitor, and analyze to ascertain the
extent of the hazard; provides for a Hazardous
Waste Site Cleanup Fund from which monies are
available to pay for the cleanup of hazardous
waste sites; provides for the identification and
response to Inactive and abandoned hazardous
waste site; provides that no person shall
discharge into any underground waters of the
state any hazardous waste except in accordance
with the underground injection program, or in
accordance with a permit Issued under the Water
Pollution Control Law.
Mining
L.R.S. 30:902(B), 30:803,
30:23(B)(2), 30:1150.2(A)(2)
Surface mining, geothermal development activity,
use of salt domes, and resource recovery
activity are also mandated to use all reasonable
precautions to protect the environment and to
prevent pollution of state waters.
Oil and gas
L.R.S. 30:4(C)(1)
Requires that the drilling, casing, and plugging1
of wells be done in a manner to prevent the j
pollution of fresh water supplies by oil, gas,
or salt water. j
Other (specify):
U1C
L.R.S. 30:4(C)(16)
Water Control Law, Act 190,
Section 1096F
Subsurface injection wells and all surface and
storage facilities incidental to oil and gas
exploration and production are to be regulated
in such a manner as to prevent the escape of a
waste product into fresh ground-water aquifers.
-383-
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STATE: LOOXSUM
3.2. State around Mater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cbeok
X
-384-
-------
STATE: L00XSXANA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Utter foliar
3.2.2.1. Xa there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Departaent of Environmental Quality
lea X Mo
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
State agencies have Jointly produced a ground-Mater program description. The Department of
Environmental Quality and the Department of Natural Resources (Office of Conservation, Injection and Mining
Division), the Department of Transportation and Development (Office of Public Works), Louisiana Geological Survey,
and the Regional Ground-Water Commission Mhioh Is closely associated with the OSQS, routinely exchange Information
or engage in joint Inspections and reporting as necessary in regard to problem areas. Also, the Department of
Environmental Quality now has a Ground-Water Protection Advisory Group. The Department of Environmental Quality
using a ground-water program grant (under CWA Section 106) will, through the PAC and formation of a Technical and
a Policy Advisory Committee, develop a state ground-water management plan.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. if yes, give brief description of classes:
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-385-
-------
STATE: LOUISIANA
3.3. Stote Agency ReapoialblUtiea for Ground Utter Protection
«VB|H«IB*H*V
state
Agency
Capital ATM Ground-
Water Conservation
Commission
Departaent of Natural
Resources, Office of
Conservation
Departaent of Natural
Resources, Louisiana
Geological Survey6
Departaent of Health
and Hunan Resources,
Office of Preventive
and Public Health
Services
Office of Conserva-
tion, Injection and
Mining Division
Department of
Agriculture, Office
of Agriculture and
Environmental
Sciences
Departaent of
Environmental
Quality, Office
of Hazardous and
Solid Waste*
Department of
Environmental
Quality, Office of
Water Resources
Department of
Transportation and
Development, Office
of Public Works'1
Orouad-
thfar
Poll or/
•ule/
Standard
X
mm
RCRA
X
OJC*
X
X
HBb
X
dfrrm
«°
X
OUter
X
Data
Oolleo-
tl
-------
STATI: LOUISIANA
3.*. Inter-Agenoy
Toplos
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground -water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Information exchange
Data coordination
Cbeok if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
sad Agencies
Capital Area Ground-Water Conaenration Cosnisslon
Department of Environmental Quality Adviaory Croup
Water Resources Study Commission
Information exchange among various agencies.
Louisiana Geological Survey has agreements or working
arrangements with the Office of Conservation, Injection and
Mining Division, the Department of Environmental Quality, Office
of Hazardous and Solid Waste, the Louisiana Water Resources
Study Consul s si on, and the Office of Water Resources, Water
Pollution Control Division.
The Department of Environmental Quality and the Department of
Natural Resources, Office of Conservation, Injection and Mining
Division, the Department of Transportation and Development,
Office of Public Works, Louisiana Geological Survey, and the
Regional Ground-Water Commission which is closely associated
with the OSGS, routinely exchange information or engage in joint
inspections and reporting aa necessary in regard to problem
areas. Also, the Department of Environmental Quality now has a
Ground-Water Protection Advisory Group.
The Water Data Coordinating Committee.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Well inventory
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted an aquifer
identification and characterization study, an aquifer exemption
study, a critical aquifer mapping study, a sole-source aquifer
study, a shallow ground-water study, and a recharge study. In
addition, the Capital Area Ground-Water Conservation Commission
has a cooperative agreement with the USGS to model the principal
aquifers of the Baton Rouge area. Ground-water flow models for
2,000 ft. sand, 1,500-1,700 ft. sand, and 400-600 ft. sand are
underway or completed.
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted a baseline water
quality study.
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted a disposal zone study,
a radioactive tracer/cement bond log study of Injection well
Integrity, and a best management practices study for waste
disposal in areas of shallow ground-water interaction.
Louisiana Geological Survey has conducted a water well and
an injection well inventory.
-387-
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STATE: lOOISIAIA
3.6. SUU Ground-Hater Monitorial Progra»
Type* of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
wast* sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Public water supply
monitoring
Other:
Oil and Gas
Cbeok
X
X
X
Brief DMorlptlOQ of Monitoring Program
Monitoring required under the RCRA program.
The Office of Preventive and Public Health Services
has a ground-water quality monitoring program, which
is primarily comprised of the routine monitoring for
the inorganic chemicals on a five year cycle at all
community public water supplies using ground-water
sources. In addition, the mandatory (primary)
inorganic contaminants as well as the Inorganic
chemicals are monitored in the distribution systems
of each supply on a three year cycle. These two
monitoring activities are coordinated to eliminate
redundancy. In addition, under the Office of Public
Works/USCS Cooperative Program, there are 764 ground-
water monitoring wells, 115 for quality monitoring
and 649 for water level monitoring.
The Office of Conservation requires monitoring as
needed on a site specific basis.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
lane of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
• — >^^ Context
Approaches " -«^__^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Naur Permit adoption, Water
IMU«S Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X X X*
X X
X X
X X*
For the Capital Area Ground-Water Conservation Commission the principal means of public participation is by board
meetings and by the dissemination of Information on an Irregular basis using a newsletter.
-388-
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STATE: LOOISIAIA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT CROWD VATRR
1.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Tmylammntlin Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Cbaraotarlstioa
QIC
Delegated - all five classes
Office of Conservation,
Injection and Mining
Division
RCRA
Delegated — Phase 1 and
Phase 2 interim authorization
Department of Environmental
Quality
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health and
Human Resources, Office
of Health Services and
Environmental Quality
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
One noteworthy program
characteristic of the Louisiana
Pesticide Law is that commercial
applicators are not permitted to
generate waste materials. This is
accomplished through requiring the
use of the rinsate from the
pesticide containers and
application equipment to be
recycled and used on compatible
crops. The Louisiana Pesticide
Law exceeds the requirements of
both the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,
and the Resource, Conservation,
and Recovery Act.
-389-
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STATE: LOUISIANA
4.2. tout SUtua
Grant
FT 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
FroJeots/Tuka and Budget
dean Utter lot
Section 106
$1,980,760
(Federal and State)
None
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
Mot yet
allocated for
FT 1961/1985
None identified
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$1,076,000
None
RCRA
Section 3011
$1,900,393
(Federal and State)
Moat related to ground water are monitoring and
compliance, enforcement, compliance and monitoring.
Part B applications, total Federal/state funds:
$724,212.
UIC
$524,260
(Federal and State)
Entire program for ground-water protection.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$197,700 Federal
58.276 State
$255,976
Ground-water efforts not yet identified.
-390-
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STATE: LOOISIAIA
5. STATE-ORIGIMATKD GROOND-WATER PROTBCTIOI PROGBANS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FT 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Mater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality ground-water Bonitoring coordinator, the senior engineering
geologist in the Hazardous Waste Division and the project engineer in the Solid Haste Division review ground-water
sampling and laboratory analyses on a statewide basis with attention to analytical trends and statistical
results. Static water elevations from the monitoring grid are of prime Importance in determining the
effectiveness of installed systems. These elevations may reveal a need for modifications, baaed on seasonal
variations in ground-water directional flow or regional geology. Appropriate enforcement action is initiated as
necessary, and dependent upon the circumstances, is the primary mechanism used to insure that an adequate ground-
water protection system is maintained at all times. Of the approximate 75 facilities in Louisiana now requiring
ground-water monitoring, 41 have had enforcement action taken, and of this number, 29 have been issued an Order
with the possibility of a penalty assessment. The Department of Health and Human Services requires monitoring of
all public water supplies including those on ground water. USGS monitors selected wells (cooperative program with
Capitol Area Ground-Water Conservation Commission). The Office of Conservation requires ground-water monitoring
on an as needed basis. The Office of Public Works/USCS cooperative program monitors 761 wells, 115 for quality
and 649 for water levels.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: Through various programs
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Host of the following aquifer studies originated as Ideas and work proposals at the state level with
input at the Federal level: 1) Injection Well Inventory; 2) Aquifer Identification and Characterization Study; 3)
Water Well Inventory; 4) Ground-Water Heat Pump Inventory; 5) Base-Line Water Quality Study; 6) Aquifer Exemption
Studies; 7) Disposal Zone Studies; 8) Technical Assistance Program to OC; 9) Radioactive Tracer/Cement Bond Long
Study; and 10) Critical Aquifer Mapping Study. The studies are the result of the UIC program through the Office
of Conservation.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 75> Federal, 259 state, where funded under UIC program, as described above.
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-391-
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STATE: LOUX3IABA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The state has a comprehensive program for prevention of discharges to ground-water fron solid and
hazardous waste sites. Ground-water policies of the Hazardous Haste and Solid Waste Divisions, the Department of
Environaental Quality address all known land management facilities involving each division. Operators are
routinely required to report on the status of ground-water quality associated to these operations, and are
periodically inspected by the Department of Environmental Quality for compliance with ground-water monitoring
regulations. Open discovery or notioe that ground-water contamination baa been identified by an operator, the
Department of Environmental Quality routinely orders the operator under threat of penalty assessment, to delineate
the full extent of the problem, identify the source, initiate remedial measures and elimination of the source.
Health and broad environmental risk assessments relative to the ground-water problem are a routine requirement of
the Department of Environmental Quality Order (enforcement mechanisism).
In addition, the statewide 01C program (in the Office of Conservation, Department of Natural Resources)
regulates disposal/injection from oil and gas activities, hazardous waste facilities, and from lignite surface
mining activities, in order to control discharges to ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality emergency response program in cooperation with the Louisiana
State Police, Hazardous Materials Division, routinely addresses problems of leaking underground*gasoline or
hazardous materials which may be a threat to surface of shallow ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: Hell Construction Controls
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Hazardous and Solid Haste routinely advises
operators engaged in ground-water monitoring, subsurface explorational drilling or locating contamination, of
Louisiana's requirements for water wells and water well drillers, La. R.S. 38:3096, which is under the
jurisdiction of the DOTD (Office of Public Horks) as a precaution to insure against downhole or cross
contamination of water bearing strata.
Other ground-water protection programs originated at the state level include the water well registration and
abandonment procedures and the water well driller's licensing program. The Office of Public Horks is the
implementing agency for both programs. State appropriations fund the well registration and abandonment program at
an approximate level of $85,000 per year. The well drillers' licensing program is funded with self-generated fees
at an approximate level of $25,000 per year.
-392-
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JCTICT OBOOilMIATBB PBOOKAM SOMMAiT
STATE: NKV MEXICO
1. NAT01S Of THE OBOOUMIATEB BB30UBCE
1.1. Oanlajlu and Hydrologlo Caaraateriatiam. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamissivlty, aquifer intereoaneetion, extent
of ontitaal nat 1 TT> ) •
Cnaraeterlatioa
Region/Proviaoe At
AllUViUB
Physiographlo
Begion/Provlnoe B:
Basin Fill
Physiographic
Begion/Provlnee C:
Ogallala Formation
Paroaot of state covered
by this proviaoe (estimated)
Aouifar(a)
Quaternary Age, valley-
fill and terrace
deposits, unoonsolidated
sands, gravels, silts,
and claya; saturated
thickness 0-350 feet
(typically 50 feet).
Quaternary and Late
Tertiary Age, lithology
siailar to alluvium
but finer grained;
interbedded plateau
basalts and pyroclastics;
saturated thickness
0-5,000 feet
(typically 500 feet).
Tertiary Age, unoonsoli-
dated or semi-consolidated
sand, silt, and clay,
saturated thickness 0-300
feet (typically 100 feet}.
OoBftaad Aquifer(a)
Note: New Mexico contains aany potential fresh water aquifers which, for planning purposes, have been categorized
into the six basic types listed above. The vulnerability of the various aquifers to contamination can be assessed
by combining the aquifer characteristics of the aquifer types with characteristics of the vadose zone. Because
New Mexico la generally arid, the depth to the water table is 200-500 feet over much of the western part of the
state. Confining beds or caliche layers also offer protection in some areas.* More vulnerable areas have shallow
water tables or highly permeable recharge zones such as fractured limestones (e.g., portions of the San Andres
formation).
•Therefore, portions of all the aquifer types (Regions A through F) are confined.
-393-
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STaTli BW WXXOO
i. UTOU or THI oionD-uni usoraci
1.1. OaolOBl*«d lydroloclo Ottrtttcriatloa. Deaoribe general geological and hydrologioal oharaoteriatioa
(1.*. formations, rook typea, araal extent and thickness, tranaoiaaivity, aquifar intaroonnaotion, extent
of contamination).
torlaUoa
Bcfion/ProTinoa D:
Sandatonaa
Fbyalocrapbio
•acioD/ProTiaa
Carbonates
I:
Hglon/ProTlnoa F:
Othar
Paro«at of stat* oorarcd
by tola proving*
ttooooflaad Iqulfar(a)
Palaozolo to aarly
Tartlary Age, oonaolidatad
•andatonea with saturated
thiokneaa of 0-1,000 faet
(typically 200 faat).
Exaaplea include Dakota,
Santa ROM, Chinla,
Glorieta, Morriaon, and
other fornationa.
Late Paleozoic or
Meaozoio Age, fractured
and/or cavernous lime-
atones, aaturatad
thickness 0-1,500 faat
(typically 300 faat).
Exaaplea: acme fades
of San Andrea, Bone
Springs, and Seven
Rivera formations.
Various age igneous rocks,
•etanorphio rooks, ahalea
with allty and sandy
horizons, and minor sand-
stones and limestones not
included in units 0 and E
above. Exaaplea: Lava
flows, Nancoa and Pierre
ahalea, and crystalline
rooks.
Confined aejuif«r(«)
-39A-
-------
STATE: UV MEXICO
1.2. Primary Daw of Ground Hater mm Percent of ToUl One*
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Minerals
Power
Military, recreation,
commercial
Total
$ of Total % Ground water
Ground Hater of Total Hater
8.2
0.1
84.6*
1.2
3.7
0.9
3.3
100.0
•includes 0.9* livestock and 63.7* irrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Hater for Tear 1964
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
90*
1,091,750
Domestic
Wells
100*
208,250
Total
95*
1,300,000
-395-
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STATE: IBH MEXICO
2.1. Sourees (Cheek Major aouroea of contamination and rank top four
2 • out aost aerloua, ate.)
— Is moat
rious,
Source Cheek Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments Xs
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits Xb
Underground storage X°
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining and milling X
activities
Source Cheek Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
"includes on-site liquid waste disposal systems.
^Abandoned pits. Some problems from past disposal. Brine disposal pits are
now outlawed.
°Includes petroleum products.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Xa
xb
X
xc
X
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
xd
'Benzenes and chlorinated solvents.
Hydrocarbon fuels.
"Naturally occurring.
dBacteria.
-396-
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STATE: BH MEXICO
3. STATE GROUND-HATER HAHACEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statute* Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Baas/Ho.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Quality Act
Environmental Improvement Act
Public Nuisance Statute
Established Hater Quality Control
Commission and authorized it to set
standards to prevent and abate pollution
from all sources except oil and gas
activities which are controlled under the
Oil and Gas Act.
Creates and enumerates the power of the
Environmental Improvement Division, which
is responsible for environmental
management and consumer protection
programs.
Includes a section on "Polluting Water,"
which makes it a public nuisance to
pollute water. Pollution is defined as
•knowingly and unlawfully introducing any
object or substance into any body of
public water causing it to be offensive or
dangerous for human or animal consumption
or use."
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Water Quality Act
See discussion above. Act included
authority to establish ground-water
standards.
Solid waste
Environmental Improvement Act
The Environmental Improvement Division is
authorized to adopt solid waste
regulations.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Act
Authorizes the Environmental Improvement
Division to adopt regulations equivalent
to EPA RCRA regulations; provides
authority for the regulation of the
transportation, treatment, storage, and
disposal of petroleum products.
Mining
Surface Mining Act
Authorizes the Coal Surface Mining Bureau
of the Energy and Minerals Department to
promulgate pollution control regulations
for coal mining.
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Act
Gives Oil Conservation Division
certain powers to control water pollution
from oil, natural gas, and carbon
dioxide. Also provides administrative
regulations pertaining to ground water at
facilities for the production,
transmission, and refinement of crude oil
carbon dioxide facilities, and natural gas
transmission lines.
Other (specify):
Geothermal Resource Act
Radiation Protection Act
Gives Oil Conservation Commission and Oil
Conservation Division authority over water
pollution from geothermal activities.
Authorizes Environmental Improvement
Division to adopt radiation control
regulations.
Notes:
-397-
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STATE: IBV MEXICO
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-390-
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STATE: IBW MEXICO
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
Such a policy is already in place.
3*2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Legislature and Water Quality Control Commission
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The New Mexico State Legislature has adopted a aeriea of statutes addressing ground-water, Including the
Ground-Water Quantity Statutes of 1927 and 1931. and the Water Quality Act of 1967. In 1977, the Water Quality
Control Commission, established under the Act, adopted a comprehensive regulatory program to protect ground-water
quality.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Full protection of ground water with less than 10,000 mg/1 total dissolved solids. Ground water with
more than 10,000 mg/1 total dissolved solids is not covered by standards.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
The standards are used to protect all ground water in the state with a concentration of 10,000 mg/1 or
less of total dissolved solids for present and potential uses.
3-2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The standards are numbers which represent the pH range and the maximum concentration of contaminants
which will allow for present and potential use. There are presently 35 numerical standards plus a generic "toxic
pollutant" standard which defines levels as those available in current scientific literature to protect human
health or commonly cultivated or protected plants and animals.
-399-
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STATE: IBM MEXICO
3.3. State Agency Besponalbllitiea for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
agency
Environmental
Improvement Division
of the Health and
Environmental
Department
Oil Conservation
Division of the
Energy and Minerals
Department
Coal Surface Mining
Bureau of the
Energy and Minerals
Department
State Engineer Office
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
roc*
x<«
X*
WSb
X
PR0
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
X
Hater
Quality
X
Xh
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Xe
X
xJ
1
Protec-
tion
free)
Road
De-icing
Other
Xf
X1
X*
*UIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dClass I, III, IV, and V programs.
*Tbe Environmental Improvement Division handles all mining except coal.
fWaste water treatment regulations, radiation protection program, ground-water discharge programs, and emergency
response programs.
8Class II UIC program.
hThe Oil Conservation Commission rules protect fresh water from oil and natural gas related discharges during drilling
and production, and delegated the Water Quality Control Commission the regulatory authority for discharges at oil
refineries and natural gas plants.
Regulations applying to oil refineries, natural gas processing plants, geothermal installations, carbon dioxide
facilities, and natural gas transmission lines.
^Requires plugging of mine discovery or drill holes that encounter ground water.
^Limits quantity and rates of pumpage from wells to prevent salt water encroachment.
-400-
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STATE: IEH HRHCO
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Cbeck if
Applicable
Description of Agi •umunts
•ad Agencies
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
The Oil Consecration Division is the lead agency and regulates
Class II and geotnenaal nails. Host other Class I, II, IV, and
V walls are regulated by the Invironm&Ul Isprovement Division.
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Water Quality Commission
Coal Surface Mining Commission
Oil Conservation Commission
This commission promulgates water pollution control regulations
and assigns administrative responsibility for its regulations to
its constituent agencies. The constituent agencies are: (1)
the Environmental Improvement Division; (2) the State Engineer
and the Interstate Stream Commission; (3) the Department of Game
and Fish; (1) the Oil Conservation Division; (5) the State Park
and Recreation Commission; (6) the Department of Agriculture;
(7) the Natural Resource Conservation Commission; and (8) the
New Mexico Bureau of Mines.
This commission adopts regulations pertaining to coal mining,
and consists of the following officials (or delegated staff
members): (1) the Director, Bureau of Mines and Mineral
Resources; (2) the Director, Department of Game and Fish;
(3) the Director, Environmental Improvement Division; (4) the
Chairman, Soil and Water Conservation Commission; (5) the
Director, Agricultural Experiment Station; (6) the State
Engineer; and (7) the Commissioner of Public Lands.
This commission promulgates regulations and hears cases referred
de novo for appeals of Oil Conservation Division decisions, or
for cases referred by the Oil Conservation Division, and
consists of: (1) the Commissioner of Public Lands; (2) the
State Geologist; and (3) the Director of the Oil Conservation
Division.
3>5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify) :
Industrial sites
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Assessment of aquifers is part of contract work for the
Environmental Improvement Division and the State Engineer
Office. USGS has prepared numerous maps and maintains data
showing changes in ground-water levels and hydrographs of
selected wells, and estimated saturated thickness of fresh water
and slightly, moderately, and very saline ground water.
See discussion at 3.6.
See discussion at 3.6.
Discharge plans (permits) are required for a wide variety of
activites where effluent or leachate may impact ground water.
Sites are assessed before such plans are approved.
-401-
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STATE: IEH MEXICO
3.6. State Ground-Vater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
wait* sites
Hazardous waste aites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Site specific
investigations
Special studies
OMok
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Extensive self -monitoring is required by holders of
the Environmental Improvement Division discharge
plans. Spot-checking Is done by the Environmental
Improvement Division. The Oil Conservation Division
monitors water near approved disposal sites under its
authority.
Slte-apeciflc sampling occurs at the four Superfund
sites: AT*SF,_Homestake Mining, United Nuolear
Corporation, and Albuquerque South Valley. Also,
self-monitoring and spot-checking of aotive RCRA
facilities.
The State Engineer maintains a ground-water quality
(conductivity) monitoring program in the Roswell
Artesian Basin and in Lea County.
The Department of Agriculture monitors in areas of
known or suspected problems.
The Environmental Improvement Division developed a
statewide monitoring program which Included a
survey of all existing data sources.
Monitoring is also performed to support the ground-water
quality program.
The Environmental Improvement Division investigates
immediate contamination problems involving health
and aesthetic parameters.
Studies are currently Investigating potential for
nitrate contamination from dairy waste ponds, and
evaluating Impacts of septic tanks on ground water
under various geologic and engineering conditions.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Begulatlon Ground-
•mUr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy
Other
X X
X«
X X
Xb
x°
"industry, citizens, and government study groups for the Oil Conservation Commission rule changes.
bAll commission meetings.
°When invited the state attends meetings with local officials or citizen groups.
-402-
-------
STATS: m nzxco
ii. arm neuMUTiTXoi or FIDEBAL PIOQIUUC TO PROTECT QIODMD WATER
4.1. Procru Status
Federal
ProgreB
Status of Proem Delegation
State laplesnoting Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Profraa Characteristics
Delegated
Oil Conservation Division
(delegated 2/5/82)
Environmental Improvement
Division
(delegated 7/11/83)
Class II wells and geothermal.
Classes I, III, IV, and V; New
Mexico requires aquifer
restoration after in situ
extraction (Class III wells).
RCRA
Final authorization
effective 1/25/85
Hazardous Haste Section of
Environmental Improvement
Division
PWS
Delegated
(K/1/78)
Water Supply Section of
Environmental Improvement
Division
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
(11/76)
Department of Agriculture
-403-
-------
STATE: BV WZICO
4.2. Omit Status
taut
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Nkter
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$320,000 Work plan does not presently include ground-water
tasks. (Does not Include $100,000 supplemental
allocation for ground-water programs.)
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,160 Work plan does not presently include ground-water
tasks.
Clean Water Act
Section 205 (g)
$117,000 Work plan does not presently Include ground-water
tasks.
RCRA
Section 3011
$395,767 Does not presently Include specific items for
ground-water program development.
UIC
$228,700
Does not presently Include specific ground-water
program development but UIC program Is essentially
a ground -water protection program.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$100,900 Work plan does not presently include ground-water
tasks, but will in the future.
-404-
-------
STATE: BV MBXXCO
5. STiTB-OMOHATBD OROOID-MATB1 MOnCTXOI F10GRAK3
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has adopted a classification system and 35 numerical ground-water quality standards.
Additional standards are proposed for adoption as the need arises. Resources devoted to the enforcement of the
standards are included in Sections 5.2. and 5.5. below.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State funds
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: A statewide monitoring program developed by the Environmental Improvement Division includes a survey
of all existing data sources. Monitoring is conducted to support ground-water quality programs. The state does
limited spot check sampling of approved discharge sites. The State Engineer maintains a ground-water quality
(conductivity) monitoring program in the Roswell Artesian Basin and in Lea County.
FY 1984 Funding: Environmental Improvement Division — $200,000; State Engineer funding included in Section 5.3.
Funding Source: Environmental Improvement Division: State
5.3. Ground-lister Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Assessments of aquifers have been conducted as part of contract work for the State Engineer
Office. The USDS has prepared numerous maps and maintains data showing changes in ground-water levels and
hydrographs of selected wells, and estimated saturated thickness of fresh water and slightly, moderately, and very
saline water.
FY 1984 Funding: $1,200,000
Funding Source: State funds: $600,000; USGS: $600,000
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-405-
-------
STATE: 1BV MEXICO
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: Ground-water discharge plans (permits) are required under the Water Quality Control Comnission
regulations and are administered by the Environmental Improvement Division of the Health and Environmental
Department to maintain ground-water quality standards. Discharge plans for petroleum refineries and natural gas
plants are administered by the Oil Conservation Division
FT 1981 Funding: 4542,000 (Environmental Improvement Division: $450,000 and Oil Conservation Division: $92,000)
Funding Source: State funds
5.o« Septic MuftgeflMnt Program
Description: Permits are required under Liquid Waste Disposal Regulations for all domestic sewage, septic tank
leach field systems with flows under 2,000 gpd. Larger systems are controlled under the Water Quality Control
Commission regulations referred to in Section 5.5. above.
FT 1984 Funding: $450,000
Funding Source: State funds
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: A study of ground-water pollution problems from refined hydrocarbon fuels was completed in December
1984. Program for 1985 will concentrate on recommendations coming out of the study.
FY 1984 Funding: $50,000
Funding Source: State funds: $30,000; Federal (from the last extensions of grants under
CWA section 208): $20,000
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than BCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Environmental Improvement Division of the Health and Environmental Department handles emergency
contamination response programs.
FY 1984 Funding: $30,000 (rough estimate)
Funding Source: State funds
5.9. Other: The State Engineer's Office regulates water withdrawals in declared underground basins, licenses
drillers, and imposes plugging and abandonment requirements in certain instances.
-406-
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arm QBODTD-MATBR PBOGBA* SPMURI
STATE: OKLAHOMA
1. MATURE OF THE GROOID-VATER USOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hjrdrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
leglon/ProTlDce A:
High Plains Area
Physiographic
Bagion/Provlaoe B:
Western Oklahoma Area
Phyalograpbio
Region/Province C:
Eastern Oklahoma Area
Percent of state oorered
by tola province (estimated)
Approximately
10*
Approximately
10*
Approximately
40S
DoooDftnad Aquifer(s)
This region covers almost
all of the 3 panhandle
counties and extends a
short distance into
adjacent counties of
northwestern Oklahoma.
The area is underlain
by deposits of sand,
gravel, and minor
amounts of clay, and in
some areas is capped by
a limey rock called
caliche.
The deposits are com-
posed primarily of the
Ogallala Formation,
which is the best
aquifer in the state
due to its area, thick-
ness, and high permea-
bility. This formation
is only partially
saturated with water
and is several hundred
feet thick.
This region includes
the western half of
Oklahoma, excluding
the High Plains area.
It includes the following
major aquifers: Rush
Springs Sandstone, Dog
Creek Shale, and Elaine
Gypsum (fractured), Rush
Springs Sandstone, Elk
City Sandstone, Arbuckle
Group (sandstone and
carbonates), Oscar Group
(sandstone and shale),
Garber-Wellington Aquifer
(sandstone and shale),
and several important
alluvial aquifers and
associated terrace
deposits. Aquifer thick-
nesses range from about
50-800 feet.
Eastern Oklahoma has
several main formations.
Their characteristics
are roughly the same
and include a depth of
between 250-700 feet of
interbedded sandstone,
shale, and conglomerate.
Major aquifers include
the Antlers Sandstone,
Vamoosa Aquifer, Simpson
and Arbuckle Groups, the
Roubidoux Formation
(confined), and several
alluvial aquifers.
Confined Aquifer(s)
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8TATI: OKLAHOMA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Once
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial*
(except municipal)
Agricultural**
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Recreation, fish,
wildlife
Mining
Total
% of Total % Ground Miter
Ground Hater of Total Hater
15.8 7.0
4.2 1.3
78.9 35.0
0.2 0.1
0.9 0.1
100.0 43.8
alncludes: Industrial—3.2J; power—0.6$; commercial—0.1*.
blrrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
21.9*
662,000
Domestic
Wells
11.1*
313,615
Total
33.3*
1,005,615
Notes: Of an estimated 550,365 acre feet of ground water used per year, 62* is used by domestic users and 4* is
used for private supplies.
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
2.1. Sources (Cbeck major aouroea off 0001
2 « next moat aerioua, ate.)
tion and rank top four — 1 • moot mar:
Sonroo Cbeck Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage Xb
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cbaek lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X*
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
aSalt water intrusion (upconlng) frojn unplugged wells (oil and gas related activities): serious in less than 50
isolated incidences.
^Underground gasoline storage tanks (poor sealing or outdated storage tank types): serious in less than 25
incidences.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
^ja
-
Xb
xc
^^.^^_
X*
Radioactive material
Pesticides _ _
Other (specify)
^Trace levels of volatile organics have been found in the Qarber-Wellington Aquifer at Tinker Air Force Base.
Shallow wells in Woodward County.
cSome portions of the Roubidoux (Craig County) and Dog Creek Shale and Blaine Gysuu (Harmon County) ground-water
basins have high sodium chloride levels. The Vamoosa Formation (central Oklahoma) has had problems with brine
infiltration.
dGround water at the Tar Creek NPL Site has excessive levels of iron, lead, zinc, cadmium, and manganese.
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STATE: OELAHOMA
3. SI1TI QBOOID-VATER HABAOBMEIT 3TBOCTOU
3.1. State Statutes Pertaialng to Oround Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Baaw/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Oround Hater Protaotlon
General Mater pollution
control
Oround-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Pollution Remedies Act
(Title 82, Chapter 9)
Powers and duties of the Water Resources
Board, the Department of Health, and the
Pollution Control Coordination Board
(includes Statute 932, below).
Solid waste
Title 63, Public Health and Safety
Code
Chapter 47, Oklahoma Solid Waste
Management Act
Title 63, Article 9
Provides authority for the regulation of
solid waste.
Waste and sewage provisions.
Hazardous waste
Title 63, Chapter 57
Provides authority to the Department of
Health, Industrial Waste Management
Division to regulate industrial waste
disposal.
Mining
Coal Reclamation Act, 1979
Oil and gas
Title 82, Oklahoma Statute 1020
Provides authority to the Corporation
Commission.
Other (specify):
Agency organization
Pesticides
Feedyard discharge
Title 62, Oklahoma Statute 932
Oklahoma Pesticides Law,
Sections 3.61-3.70
Oklahoma Pesticide Applicator Laws
and Rules and Regulations
Oklahoma Feed Yard Act
Provides authority to the Pollution
Control Board.
Addresses, among other subjects, disposal
of pesticide containers to reduce the
potential for ground-water contamination.
Requires applicators to follow label
instructions.
Owners and operators are required to
take necessary action to avoid pollution
of any state waters.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Oround water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
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STATBs OKLAHOMA
3.2.2. DmlopMBt of OronBd-Htter foliar
3.2.2.1. X» there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2*2. Lead agency/steering committee: Pollution Control Coordinating Board and Department
of Pollution Control
T«s
Ko
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agraamants, prograaa to data, target completion data, etc.):
A program development strategy was jointly completed by the Water Resources Board, the Department of
Health, the Corporation Cooniaaion, and the Department of Agriculture in December, 1963*
3.2.3.
terlatlea of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Cbeck
X
Notes: Currant practice is baaed on reasonable uae policy.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? tea X No
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
State Department of Health recommended initiating aquifer-specific drinking water quality standards;
beneficial uaea have been designated for 21 ground-water basins and formations by the Water Resources Board.
3.2.$. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Tea X No
State has both primary and secondary numerical standards for drinking water supplies. Violations of
primary standards may preclude particular raw water sources for use aa a public water supply. If treated water is
found in violation of primary standards, the public is notified and a compliance schedule la arranged. The
secondary atandards are not mandatory rejection levels; secondary standards are used as guidelines for selecting
raw water sources. When applying for permits for new systems or for revisions, applioants must show compliance
with primary standards and feasibility of meeting secondary standards. The state's Water Quality Standards
(Section 6) establishes existing beneficial uses of major ground-water basins. The Water Resources Board is
attempting to establish criteria to protect these uses in the 1965 standards review.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Primary standards include ten inorganic chemicals and five radiological contaminants. Secondary
standards include chloride, color, copper, oorrosivity, foaming agents, hydrogen sulfide, iron, manganese, odor,
pH, aulfate, IDS, and zinc.
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
3.3. St*t« Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Health"
Water Resources
Board*
Corporation
Commission6
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Pollution Control
Department of
Mines
Conservation
Commission
Department of
Wildlife
Conservation
Grouod-
ttater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
Xh
me"
X
X
rasb
X
re°
X
Otter
X1
xJ
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground-
Mater
Quality
X
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
X
Hlniiv
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
Xf
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Responsibilities include: administration of drinking water standards, approval of public water supply sources,
regulation of public water supplies, permitting of municipal waste water discharge, administration of individual drinking
water well construction, regulation of solid and hazardous waste facilities, approval of septic tank systems,
involvement in emergency spill response, and regulation of Class I, III, IV, and V injection wells.
Responsibilities Include: administration and revision of water quality standards, approval of ground-water usage,
industrial waste water discharge permitting, and administration of well construction standards; Board also conducts
hydraulic surveys.
^Industry standards. '
^Responsibilities include: permitting of oil and gas waste water discharge, regulation of oil and gas well drilling pits,
regulation of Class II Injection, regulation of oil and gas, plugging of seismic holes, and regulation of off-site
disposal of oil and gas, salt water, and sludge.
T'he governor has designated the Corporation Commission as the lead agency for the RCRA LOST program.
iFeedlots, NPDES.
•JOSH issues mining permits.
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STATE: OCLAHOMA
3.1.
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
Z
Description of Agreeaenta
and Agencies
The Pollution Control Coordinating Board includes seven state
agencies. The Department of Health, Water Resources Board, the
Corporation Commission, and the Department of Agriculture
jointly developed a "Framework for Ground-Water Protection."
See "Policy and strategy development."
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Beaouroe Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
The Department of Health has prepared maps depicting recharge
areas for major aquifers and alluvial and terrace deposits of
the state.
Ambient ground-water quality
The Water Resources Board conducts an ongoing ground-water
sampling program to define the chemical characteristics of water
in 21 major basins, in order to generate water quality
criteria. In 1963, the Board sampled 506 wells statewide.
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Progiu
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
The Department of Agriculture will conduct an
exploratory study in 1985 to examine the likelihood
and extent of ground-water contamination from
agricultural pesticide usage.
The Department of Health program calls for monitor-
Ing every three years each public water supply that
uses ground water. The Department of Health also
monitors major aquifers.
The Department of Agriculture continues monitoring
on a quarterly basis of selected wells and springs.
Sampled under Section 206 Task 1401 — Animal Waste
Study — Delaware County.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
•aae of
Database
(Specify)
STOHET
Aquarius
(automated
data
processing
analysis
system)
STORET
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^^^^ Context
Approaches ~-^__^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Ihtar Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa
•
aGround-water applications.
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
4. STATE IHPLBMMTATIOi OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OHOOID VATBR
4.1. Program Status
federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Zapleaenting Agency
Obuaual/loteworthy
Program Characteristics
OIC
Delegated
Class I, III, IV, and V
delegated to Department
of Health
Class II delegated to
Corporation Conmisslon
Class II application process
requires base-line Mater quality
data.
RCRA
Authorization effective
1/10/85
Department of Health
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
NPDES — not delegated
Department of Agriculture
Feedlota (technical evaluations
for EPA NPDES permits).
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projeote/Taalu and Budget
aaan Hater Act
Section 106
$610,000 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks. (Does not include $100,000 supplemental
appropriation for ground-water programs.)
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$197,610 The work plan presently has no specific ground-water
protection tasks.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$791,000 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
RCRA
Section 3011
$359,300 plus
potential for
additional
$56,400
The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
UIC
$3^3,800 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$153,500 The work plan has no specific ground-water protection
tasks.
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STATE: OKLAHOMA
5. 8TATB-OBXQXIATED GROOMD-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. arcund-*ater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Mater Resources Board is authorized to develop comprehensive programs for the prevention,
control, and abatement of new or existing pollution of state waters. The board also promulgates standards of
quality and classification for state waters.
Oklahoma developed a ground-water management strategy based on the "Task 832* Report: Oround-Vater
Management Authorities and Recommendations. The strategy essentially calls for continued review, evaluation and
updating of hydrologic data for each ground-water basin, the review and evaluation of existing regulations for
possible revisions, and public awareness. Protection combined with prevention is the goal of the ground-water
protection program.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Oround-Vater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Health conducts monitoring programs every three years at each public water supply
site with ground-water sources. Major aquifers are also monitored. The Department of Agriculture will conduct an
exploratory study.
FY 1984 Funding: 430,000
Funding Source: EPA — proposed Section 205(J)
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Water Resources Board conducts hydrologic surveys and investigations of fresh ground-water
basins. The chemical characteristics of water in 21 major basins are assessed in order to establish water quality
criteria. All data has been entered in the Board's computer system.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: (1) The Department of Agriculture has jurisdiction over pesticide applicators and feedlots.
Professional pesticide applicators must take a written examination in order to ascertain if they can safely use
pesticides before receiving a permit. (2) Pesticide levels are monitored for compliance to EPA standards in
foodstuffs destined for animal or human consumption. (3) In addition, with the Department of Health, they
coordinate activities in the area of generation, storage, treatment, and disposal of pesticide waste by the
pesticide applicator. (4) Such laws help limit the amount of contamination reaching ground water.
Animal feedlot operators, also under the Jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture, are required to
provide reasonable methods for the disposal of animal excrement, and take actions necessary to avoid pollution of
the state waters.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
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-------
mm: OKLAHOMA
5.5. Permits/Control of Disobarfee to Qroand Hater
Description: The Corporation Commission has Jurisdiction to regulate the drilling of or conversion to a salt
water disposal or injection well, and any related activity.
The Department of Health promulgates rules and regulations for the proper operation of Class I, III, IV. and
V injection wells.
Discharge permits are Issued for the disposal of industrial, municipal, and oil and gas waste waters.
Industrial and Municipal Total Retention Lagoons programs are under the Water Resources Board, and the Department
of Health.
The Department of Mines requires a permit for any mining operations, and a plan which assures the protection
of the surface and ground-water systems in the region; each plan must be backed up by a bond.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Septic tank approval is the responsibility of the Department of Health.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Corporation Commission Is the designated agency for underground storage tanks, with the
exception of hazardous waste storage tanks, which are the responsibility of the Department of Health. The Water
Resources Board has conducted a search and eliminate program for leaking underground storage tanks since 1977.
This program is in response to citizen complaints of contaminated water wells.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Department of Health, Department of Pollution Control, Corporation Commission, Water Resources
Board, Department of Wildlife Conservation, and the Department of Agriculture are all involved in an Emergency
Spill Response program.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
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STATE OROOMD-HATBR PROGRAM SUMMARY.
STATE: TRIAS
1. MATURE (V THE GROUND-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Ctantoterictlos. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, ar«al extent and tblokntaa, tranemlasivity, aquifer intaroonntotion, extent
of contamination).
terlatioa
Pbyalographio
Bagion/Provlaoe A:
High Plalna
Ptqraiograpbio
Rio Grande and Hortb-
Heatern Plateaus and
Bol«ona
•eslon/Prorlnoe Ct
Edwards Plateau
Poroent of state covered
by thla proriwa (wtlaated)
Oboonflned Aquifer(a)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Note A; The Ogallala Formation of Pliocene age occurs at or near the surface over much of the High Plains area of
northwest Texas. The formation consists of alternating beds of silt, clay, sand, gravel, and caliche, reaching a
maximum known thickness of more than 900 feet in southwestern Oohiltree County. The High Plains Aquifer consists
primarily of the Ogallala Formation, and includes all water-bearing units, mainly Cretaceous and Triassic
sediments, with which it la in hydraulic continuity. However, the Canadian River has cut through the formation,
dividing it into two parts, the North Plains and the South Plains. The thickest aaturated sections occur in the
northeastern part of the South Plains.
Note B; Deposits of alluvium occur in many parts of Texas, and generally consist of alternating and discontinuous
beds of silt, clay, sand, and gravel of recent geologic age. In some areas, these deposits contain comparatively
large volumes of water, and the five largest and most productive of these local aquifers collectively make up a
major aquifer. These aquifers are located: (1) in El Paso and local valley areas; (2) in the region extending
from northwestern Hudspeth County to northern Presidio County; (3) along the upper part of the Pecoa River
drainage system; (4) in isolated areas of alluvium in north and west central Texas; and (5) along the Brazos
River.
Note C; The Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) Aquifer underlies the Edwards Plateau and extends westward into the Trans-
Pecos region of Texas. The aquifer consists of water-saturated Band and sandstone of the Trinity Group and
limestone of the overlying Frederioksburg and Waahita Groups of Cretaceous age. These water-bearing units range
to more than 800 feet in thickness. Large capacity wells completed in fractured and cavernous limestone locally
can yield large quantities. Portions of the aquifer are confined.
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ST1TB: TEXAS
1. MATURE OF THE GBOOMD-HATEI) 1BSOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Begion/ProTlnoe 9:
Baloones Escarpment
Physiographic
•egion/Provlnoe K:
Central Lowlands
Physiographic
Begion/ProTlnee P:
Lower Central Lowlands
Percent of state eorered
by this province (estlasted)
Dnconfioed Aquifer(s)
Confined Aquifer(s)
See Note D below.
See Note E below.
See Note F below.
Note D; The Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer extends from central Kinney County east and northeast into
southern Bell County. It includes the Edwards Limestone and stratlgraphically associated limestone beds of
Cretaceous age. Conditions favorable for the development of extensive solution channels and cavities and the
consequent accumulation of large volumes of water in these formations have resulted from faulting along the
Balcones Fault Zone. Much of the aquifer is confined except in outcrop areas.
Note E; The Trinity Group Aquifer (of Cretaceous age) extends over a large area of north and central Texas. The
thickness of the aquifer ranges from a few feet along its western edge to more than 1,200 feet in the eastern
part. Yields of large-capacity wells range up to several thousand gpm. Host of the aquifer is confined except in
the outcrop areas.
Note F; The Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer, one of the most extensive in Texas geographically, furnishes water to wells
in a wide belt extending from the Rio Grand northeastward into Arkansas and Louisiana. The aquifer consists of
hydrologically connected sand, sandstone, and gravel of the Wilcox Group and overlying Carrizo Formation. In the
East Texas structural basin the formations form a trough and are exposed at the surface on both sides of the
trough1s axis. The net thickness of the aquifer ranges from a few feet in the outcrop to more than a 3,000 feet
downdip. Mich of the aquifer is confined except in the outcrop areas.
Note: All three aquifers, (see notes D, E, and F) are recharged by precipitation and storm runoff on the outcrop
areas and by streams which cross the outcrop area. The water-bearing beds dip beneath the land surface towards
the Gulf.
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STATE: TBUS
1. IATDIB OP THE OBOUBD-VATBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Oeologio and Bydrologlo Charmotariatles. Oeaoribe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rode types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
teriatloa
Phyaiographio
Beglon/Proriaoe 0:
Qulf Coastal Plains
Physiographic
Begion/Provlnoe B:
Gulf Coast Aquifer
Physiographic
Baglon/Prorinoe I:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Obooofiiwd Aqulfer(s)
CaefliMd Aqulfer(s)
See Note 0 below.
Note G; The Gulf Coast Aquifer underlies most of the Coastal Plain from the Lower Rio Grande Valley northeastward
into Louisiana, extending about 100 miles inland from the Gulf. The aquifer consists of alternating clay, silt,
sand, and gravel beds belonging to the Catahoula, Oakville, Lagarto, Goliad, Willis, Lissie, and Beaumont
Formations, which collectively form a regional, hydrologically connected unit. There are, however, extensive
aquitards within the various formations. Much of the aquifer is confined. Fresh water occurs in the aquifer to
depths of more than 3.000 feet. The aquifer is recharged by precipitation on the surface and seepage from streams
crossing outcrop areas of the permeable units.
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STATE: TEXAS
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Usage
(toe
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial*
(except municipal)
Agricultural1*
Domestic/Rural0
Other (specify):
Mining
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
11.9 7.2
2.8 1.7
62.6 50.2
1.1 0.7
1.6 1.0
100 69.8
Including: Ground water Total
Manufacturing 2.3 1.4
Steam-electric 0.5 0.3
blrrigation.
livestock and domestic/rural.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
59*
9,300,000
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STATE: TEXAS
2.1. Sources (Cback Major aourcea of oontulmtian
2 • next Boat aerious, etc.)
rank top four — 1 « Boat aerious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal land f ilia
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Check Bank
X
xa
x°
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
xc
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Natural mineralization
Heavy pumpage
Improper construction
of water wells
X
X
X
xe
Source
Cback Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Xb
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion X*1
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
xf
Road salting
aThere are 950 active municipal solid waste sanitary landfills and several hundred closed or abandoned municipal
solid waste sites which constitute potential sources of ground-water contamination. The Texas Department of
Health has evaluated 163 municipal landfills against RCRA open dump inventory criteria, and four of these were
classified as open dumps on the basis of ground-water criteria. Of the 71 sanitary landfills that have ground-
water monitoring facilities, three sites have evidenced contaminent levels in excess of background
concentrations.
Abandoned hazardous waste disposal sites constitute local problems. Thus far, 20 sites have been identified for
the Superfund program, and 11 sites are currently on the National Priority List. Ground-water contamination has
occurred at several of these sites; however, such problems are generally confined to the immediate areas of the
sites.
°Currently, there are approximately 1,000 active industrial waste management facilities in operation in the state,
of which about half involve the use of landfills and/or surface impoundments. Ground-water contamination
problems have been documented at a number of these sites, and corrective actions are underway or are being
planned at almost all sites where problems have been identified. To date, these localized problems have not
seriously impacted drinking water supplies.
dThis type of contamination is caused by completing a fresh water pumping well near a saline water zone. The
problem is serious and has historically caused the abandonment of several well fields completed in the Gulf Coast
aquifer near the coast. Saline water encroachment has been detected in Ogallala aquifer wells located near
saline playa lakes. Also, saline water encroachment has been detected in West Texas in alluvial wells located
near the Pecos River, which contains undesirable saline waters in the upper reaches. Slow deterioration of
ground-water quality has been detected in the Hueco Bolson aquifer in El Paso County due to the mining of fresh
ground water adjacent to saline ground water.
^Throughout the state, there are water wells that were Improperly constructed and completed when drilled or that
have developed problems since being drilled, causing the mixing of fresh ground water with undesirable saline
ground water or fresh ground water with undesirable surface water runoff. These problems are not acute, but have
been documented in the Gulf Coast, Trinity Group, Carrizo-Wilcox, and Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) aquifers.
fThe state of Texas is third in the nation in agricultural production and is first in use of agricultural
chemicals. Rural water supplies are not being monitored for pesticide or heavy metal contamination. Isolated
incidents of ground-water contamination by pesticides have been documented. The Texas Department of Agriculture
is working with the Department of Water Resources to identify areas of potential contamination and to initiate
testing to assess the seriousness of the problem.
-423-
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STATE: TKXAS
2.2. ConUadnating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
-J-L
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic _____
Brine salinity Xb
Other
Metals
Radioactive material _____
Pesticides
X°
Other (specify)
"Localized problems at some aotlve mate disposal sites and abandoned (Superfund) sites.
blf a pumping well completed In a fresh water cone is completed near a saline water cone, it may be contaminated
by the adjacent saline waters. The migration of the saline water to the pumping well can be both horizontal and
vertical. This type of ground-water contamination is serious and has historically caused the abandonment of
several well fields completed in the Gulf Coast aquifer near the coast. Saline water encroachment has been
detected in Ogallala aquifer wells located near saline playa lakes. Also, saline water encroachment has been
detected in West Texas in alluvial wells located near the Pecos River, which contains undesirable saline waters
in the upper reaches. Slow deterioration of ground-water quality has been detected in the Hueoo Bolson aquifer
in El Paso County due to the mining of fresh ground water adjacent to saline ground water.
°The state of Texas is third in the nation in agricultural production and is first in use of agricultural
chemicals. Rural water supplies are not being monitored for pesticide or heavy metal contamination. Isolated
incidents of ground-water contamination by pesticides have been documented. The Texas Department of Agriculture
is working with the Department of Water Resources to identify areas of potential contamination and to Initiate
testing to assess the seriousness of the problem.
-424-
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STATE: TKXAS
3. STATE GROUND-WATER NAIAGEHEMT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laaw/No.
Description of Authority
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Texas Hater Code, Chapter 26
Regulates the discharge of wastes into or
adjacent to the waters of the state,
including prohibition of unauthorized
discharges; the development and use of
regional and areawide collection,
treatment, and disposal systems; the
development of state water quality plans;
and the promulgation of water quality
standards for water in the state.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Act, Article
W7-7, V.T.C.S.
Divides responsibility for solid waste
management between the Department of
Health and the Department of Water
Resources.
Hazardous waste
Texas Water Code, Ch. 26 and Ch. 27
Relates to injection wells used for
disposal of hazardous waste.
Mining
Texas Natural Resources Code, Ch. 131
Texas Natural Resources Code, Ch. I'M
Texas Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann., Art.
5920-11
Texas Water Code, Ch. 26 and Ch. 27
Relates to the surface mining of uranium
and uranium ore.
Relates to the development of geothermal
energy and associated resources.
Relates to the surface mining of coal
and iron ore.
Relates to the In situ mining of uranium,
brine, and sulfur.
Oil and gas
Texas Water Code, Ch. 27
Texas Water Code, Ch. 29
Texas Natural Resoures Code, Ch. 81
and 85
Texas Natural Resources Code., Ch. 86,
87, and 88
Texas Natural Resources Code, Ch. 89
Texas Natural Resources Code., Ch. 91
Texas Natural Resources Code., Ch. 111
Relates to injection wells.
Relates to salt water haulers.
Relates to various aspects of regulation
of oil and gas exploration and production
including procedures for taking certain
enforcement action regarding the
Commission's pollution control rules and
permits.
Relates to various aspects of regulation
of oil and gas exploration and production,
Relates to well plugging.
Relates to pollution control rulemaking
authority and the regulation of certain
pits.
Relates to the development of geothermal
energy and associated resources.
Other (specify):
Herbicide/pesticide
Notes:
Texas Agriculture Code, Ch. 75
! (Herbicide Laws), Ch. 76 (Pesticide
' Laws)
-425-
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STATS: TEXAS
3.2. State QrouDd-Vater Polloy
3.2.1. Statua
Ground water covered under
general atate atatutca
Specific atate atatutea for
ground water
Policy in axiatanoa for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cbaok
-426-
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STATE: TEXAS
3.2.2. DmlopMot of Oround-HaUr Policy
3.2.2.1. la there • ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee:
Yes
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3. CbBraoterlstloa of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Motes: It is the policy of the state to maintain the quality of water in the state, including drinkable water,
consistent with the public health and enjoyment, the propagation and protection of terrestrial and aquatic life,
the operation of existing industries and the economic development of the state, and to require all reasonable
methods to implement this policy.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
A key element of the monitoring and response program for hazardous waste land disposal facilities is the
establishment of a ground-water protection standard for the waste management unit. The principal purpose of this
standard is to indicate the level of ground-water contamination that triggers the need for corrective action
measures. The ground-water protection standard also defines the constituents that must be addressed in the
compliance monitoring program. Where possible, the ground-water protection standard is based on environmental
standards that establish numerical concentration limits for individual contaminants; for example, the National
Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations establish maximum contaminant limits for a particular set of toxic
metals and pesticides. Where such standards are not available for chemical constituents that are known to be
hazardous, the triggering mechanism for corrective action will be any statistically significant increase over the
background level of the constituent in the ground water below the waste management units. Restoration of ground-
later quality In host aquifers of in situ uranium mines is required to preliminary parameter levels (non-
degradation), although tradeoffs of certain parameters are allowed provided the baseline and post-restoration
levels are below recognized standards.
3*2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Site specific determination (see above discussion).
-427-
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STATE: TEXAS
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Water Resources
Department of
Health6
Railroad Commission
of Texas r
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Health, Division
of Hater Hygiene
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
X
DIC*
X
X
PHSb
X
PE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
*U1C = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Responsible for industrial solid waste regulations, implementation of water quality chapter of the Texas Water Code, and
Implementation of the Injection Well Act.
eConsults with the Department of Water Resources on water quality aspects of solid waste management and public health
aspects of Industrial solid waste management, and implements ground-water protection programs through its control of
municipal solid waste. The Department also establishes standards for public drinking water, monitors the quality of
drinking water, and maintains records on the chemical and bacteriological analyses of public water supplies.
Solely responsible for the control and disposition of waste and the abatement and prevention of pollution of surface and
subsurface water resulting from activities associated with the exploration, development, and production of oil or gas or
geothermal resources, or from uranium exploration activities.
-428-
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STATE: TIX1S
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Regulation of oil and gas-related
activities
•
Industrial solid waste transport
Check U
Applioahlft
X
X
X
Description of agreements
and agencies
Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Water
Resources and the Health Department to coordinate regulation of
in situ uranium mining.
Memorandum of Understanding between the Railroad Commission,
the Department of Water Resources, and the Department of
Health relative to regulations of waste materials resulting
from activities associated with the exploration for and the
development, production, and refining of oil or gas.
Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Water
Resources and the Department of Public Safety to coordinate
enforcement and investigations.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Well-drilling data
Arsenic contamination
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The state conducts an active ground-water resource assessment
program. To date the boundaries and various characteristics
for all of the state's seven major and 16 minor aquifers,
including water availability, recharge, structural contours, and
other geological information, have been identified. For a
limited number of the aquifers, the estimated recoverable
storage has also been estimated. In addition, the major user of
ground water in each aquifer has been identified. The
categories of use are municipal, manufacturing, steam-electric
generating, irrigation, mining, and livestock.
See Section 3-d- — Ambient monitoring.
See Section 3.6.
State assessment activities are enhanced by a collection of
270,000 logs furnished by water well drillers in compliance with
the Texas Water Well Drillers Act; and the more than 97,000
geophysical logs obtained from the petroleum Industry are
located in the files of the Department of Water Resources.
The Department of Agriculture is currently assessing the
source and extent of arsenic contamination in ground water in
West Texas.
-429-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Class III ground-
water quality
monitoring
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Department of Health rules for municipal solid
waste management require ground-water monitoring
at Type I landfills (those serving a population
equivalent of 5,000 or more).
Intensive but localized monitoring is also carried
out by the Department of Water Resources as a part
of permitting and enforcement activities associated
with holding or treatment of surface impoundments,
solid waste disposal sites, and Class i oic injection
well operations. The Department of Hater Resources
also co-samples RCRA ground-water monitoring wells
once a year with each facility which has monitoring
requirements.
Included in ambient monitoring.
The Department of Agriculture is currently assessing
the source and extent of arsenic contamination in
ground water in West Texas. It is also attempting to
expand its laboratory services and environmental
monitoring plan to include monitoring of ground water
in areas susceptible to contamination by pesticides.
The Department of Water Resources collects 750 ground-
water samples per year from 5(800 routine monitoring
wells. The samples are analyzed for standard inorganic
parameters and the results are compared to the 45,000
sample analyses contained in the Department's
computerized database to identify trends in water
quality in the various major and minor aquifers.
Uranium, brine and sulfur solution mines monitor
ground-water quality to assure containment of mining
fluids.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cheek)
;
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^~~~"~-~-^^^ Context
Approaches ' —^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Hhtv Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X
X
X X
X
Note: The state has comprehensive public education and public participation programs.
-430-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
4. STATE IlffLBMBBTATIOi OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GHOOMD HATER
4.1. Program Status
federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Impleaentiic Agency
Qnusual/Votevorthy
Program Characteristics
OIC
Delegated
Department of Water
Resources, Classes I,
III, IV, Vs
Railroad Commission,
Classes II, Vb
One program characteristic which
is unusual is a mandatory area of
review requirement of a 2.5 mile
radius from the well for Class I
systems. In addition, Class I
injection well permits normally
contain both construction and
operating requirements.
There are approximately 48,000
Class II injection wells regulated
under the program that contains
technical elements more
restrictive than Federal
requirements.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase 1 and
2 interim program
Department of Hater
Resources, Department of
Health jointly
Noteworthy aspects of the program
include a review of all industrial
solid waste management activities,
Including hazardous waste
management, and a required
manifesting of all industrial
hazardous waste regardless of the
amount generated.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health,
Division of Hater Hygiene
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
Primary aspects of this
cooperative EPA enforcement
agreement include equipment
inspections, dealer inspection
record checks, complaint
investigations, and manufacturer
inspections. The TDA has twelve
regional offices to implement the
enforcement agreement statewide.
aClass V injection wells not associated with the exploration, development or production of oil and gas resources.
bClass V injection wells not regulated by the Department of Hater Resources.
-431-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
STATE: TEXAS
R 1985 Alienation
Specific Ground-eater
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$2,200,100 $49,200 — Ground-water assessment for total
retention ponds.
$200,100 — Ground-water program funds from
supplemental funds.
Clean Mater Act
Section 205CJ)
$929,430
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$3,717,710
RCRA
Section 3011
$4,387,757
$40,000*
DIG
$339,650
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$478,000
Enforcement
'Amount of FY 1964 grant which will be unobligated at end of fiscal year.
-432-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
5. STATB-OBIOII1TED GROOBD-HATEB PBOTECTIOM PROGRAMS
5.1* Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Texas Department of Hater Resources has primary responsibility for protecting and planning the
use of the state's ground water. Nine other state agencies (primarily the Texas Department of Health and the
Railroad Commission of Texas) and nine underground water conservation districts also have some responsibility to
manage, control, and protect the ground water. The Department helps insure maintenance of the state's ground-
water quality by (1) conducting in-depth investigations of alleged ground-water contamination or conditions which
threaten to cause deterioration of ground-water quality, (2) making recommendations to the Railroad Commission of
Texas for protection of usable-quality ground water during exploration, production, and operation of oil, gas, or
other mineral and surface mining activities, as well as disposal of applicable wastes, and (3) providing
administrative and Investigative support to the Texas Water Well Drillers Board, which has responsibility for
developing and enforcing standards for the state's water well drillers, including licensing.
PY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: See Ground-Water Resource Assessment.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3* Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Department of Water Resources collects basic data on the occurrence, quantity, and quality of
the state's water.
FY 1984 Funding: About $1,132,500 of state funds were expended in FY 1982 (ended August 3D and $1,550,1400 in FY
1983 for basic data collection activities. In FY 1982 and FY 1983, an estimated $415,500 and $462,400,
respectively, was expended for data collection, mapping, and monitoring activities.
Funding Source:
5.1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Water
Description: The Department of Health regulates municipal solid waste management facilities in compliance with
the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act. The TDH has rules governing the design and operation of these facilities that
provide for the protection of ground water. The management of WWTA sludges, grease trap waste, grit trap waste,
and septage are regulated by the Department of Health and it has rules that incorporated ground-water protection.
Other programs for the protection of ground water that were originated by the Railroad Commission of Texas
and which are not regulated at the Federal level include Statewide Rules on Casing, Cementing, Drilling, and
Completion Requirements (Rule 13), Plugging (Rule 14), and Water Protection (Rule 8). While Rules 13 and 14 also
function to prevent the waste of oil and gas resources, their primary purpose is to protect water resources from
pollution. Rule 8 encompasses the regulation of pits and other impoundments associated with oil and gas waste and
the surface discharges of oil and gas waste.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-433-
-------
STATE: TEXAS
5.6. Septio thmgammt tragnm
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/underground Storage Tank Frognuv
Description:
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Pragma)
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other:
DIC:
Description: The state began regulation of deep well waste injection under the Texas Disposal Hell Act in 1962.
In the early 1970s, the Department of Water Resources also began regulating in-situ uranium leach mining under the
Hater Quality Act. Both of these activities are now included in the Department's Underground Injection Control
programs as well as the regulation of the solution mining of brine, sodium sulfate, and sulfur. The Department of
Hater Resources' annual budget for enforcement of DIC activities is approximately $50,000 to 4100,000, FY 1985
4113,218, although much of the enforcement activities are carried out as a part of the UIC permitting function.
Solid Haste:
Description: Since the 1960s, the State Department of Hater Resources has regulated by permit the majority of all
operations which used surface impoundments for storage, treatment, or disposal of aqueous wastes. In the early
1970s, regulation of industrial solid wastes was added. Much of the regulation under these programs was
specifically aimed at ground-water protection. With the passage of RCRA, most of the regulation of these
activities came together under the Department's industrial solid waste and hazardous waste programs. The
Department of Hater Resources' annual budget for enforcement of these programs is approximately $870,000.
Protection of Specific Aquifers:
Description: The Department of Hater Resources has imposed special rules on certain activities in the area of the
Edwards Aquifer recharge zone. These rules require review and approval of certain projects by the Department. An
example of a project which would receive Department approval is the construction and operation of an underground
hydrocarbon storage tank such aa those associated with gasoline service stations. State funding information for
this particular activity is not readily available. The Edwards Aquifer has been designated as a sole source
aquifer by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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REGION VII
-------
8T1TB OJOOTD-IMTBB PROGRAM 80MHART
STATE: XOVA
1. UTORE W THE QROOW-VATER IBSOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologio Ctermeterlstlos* Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook typea, areal extent and thickness, transmisslvlty, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Ctentoterlatloa
Pnyaiograpblo
Reglon/ProTlnoe A:
Cambrian-
OrdoTlclan
Physiographic
Regioo/ProTlme B:
Miasiaaippian
Physiographic
Raclon/ProTlnoe C:
Silurian-Devonian
Peroeat of atate oorerad
by this proriaoe (estlMted)
99%
60%
65%
Dboonfined Aquifer(a)
Confined Aquifer(a)
The Cambrian-Ordovlclan
Aquifer is the most
abundant in the state,
particularly the Jordan
Sandstone section.
The Misslsslppian Aquifer The Silurian-Devonian
is the primary source of
water in north central
and southeastern Iowa.
Water quality
deteriorates under
Pennsylvania deposits
Aquifer is the primary
source of water in
eastern Iowa. Water
quality deteriorates
to the west and southwest.
Notes: In general ground-water flow is from northeast to southwest. Ground water is abundant and of good quality
in the eastern part of Iowa; it becomes progressively deeper and more mineralized as one goes west and south. The
most water-critical portion of the atate is in the southwest. The northeastern 22 counties exhibit karat
ohracteriaties at the ground aurface — sink holes, solution cavities, extremely rapid surface water infiltration,
and incredibly high rates of subsurface flow.
-435-
-------
STATE: IOWA
1. MATURE OF THE GROUHD-WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Surficial
Physiographic
Region/Province E:
Dakota
Physiographic
Region/Province F:
Dresbach
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
100*
25%
10*
Obconflned Aqulfer(s)
Access to unconfined
aquifers is available
across the state. Shallow
alluvial and Pleistocene
sand/gravel systems
provide a major source
of water, particularly in
southwestern and south
central Iowa.
Confined Aquifer(s)
The Dakota Aquifer is the The Dresbach Aquifer is
primary source of water
in northwestern Iowa.
The formations are
generally of high yield
and good quality.
present and utilized in
only a few counties in
eastern Iowa. Where used,
it is generally of good
quality.
-436-
-------
STATE: IOM
1.2. Primary Uses of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Usage
QM
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater*
27
35
8°
29d
1
100
% Ground Water
of Total Water6
81
71
83
99
^Total ground-water volume 910 MOD.
''Total water volume 3,217 MOD.
°Irrigation.
dRural domestic and livestock.
1.3* Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
Domestic
Wells
Total
76>
2,205,600
-437-
-------
STATE: XOHA
2.1. Sources (Check •ajor sources of oontaadnatloa and rank top four — 1 • mat serious,
2 * next aoet serious, etc.)
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 7
Municipal landfills X 3
On-slte Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 4
tanks
Other (specify)
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Check Bank
X 6
X 5
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X 8
X 1
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X*
xa
b
.
^^___
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
xc
xa
Other (specify)
"Primarily from agricultural operations. Potentially major contamination source, particularly in rural areas
utilizing shallow aquifers as drinking water sources.
fluoride is a naturally occurring contaminant state-wide; It is a minor contamination concern.
cRadium is a naturally occurring contaminant in deep aquifers; it Is a minor contamination concern.
dSynthetic organic chemicals have been detected in low concentrations across the state; however, the source is
unknown at the present time.
-438-
-------
STATE: IOWA
3. STATE CROOn-VATER NAflAGEMBIT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute laae/lo.
Iowa Code, Chapter 455-B,
Division 3, Parts 1 and 4
Sane as above.
Same as above.
Same as above.
Iowa Code, Chapter 465.1,
U65.7, and 468.
Iowa Code, Chapter 84
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
Provides legislative authority to
protect state waters. Detailed rules
for implementation are found in the
Rules of the Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management, Chapters
40-76.
Same as above.
Same as above.
Same as above.
Implemented by the Department of Soil
Conservation .
Implemented by the Department of Soil
Conservation.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
Xa
X
aCurrently before the Iowa State Legislature.
-439-
-------
STATE: IOWA
3.2.2. Development of Qround-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes _X_ No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Hater, Air, and Waste Management
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Preparation of a draft policy has been underway for the past several months. Currently it is undergoing
review by the Iowa Department of Water, Air, and Waste Management. It was expected to be released for public
ooenent sometime during Summer 1985. The regional strategy is currently being implemented In northeastern Iowa.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
There are five classes based upon vulnerability to contamination. The classification system considers
geologic/hydrologic settings, including depth to bedrock, composition of bedrock, and geographic features.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-440-
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STATE: IOWA
3.3. State Afeooy keepooaibilltlea for Qrouod-Hater Protection
•aMnmai HI m
State
Agency
Department of Water,
Air, and Wast*
Management'1
Departaent of
Agriculture
low Geological
Survey*
University Hygienic
Laboratory"
Departaent of Soil
Conservation
Qrouod—
Hater
Foliar/
iule/
Standard
re*
KBA
X
erelly-
01
-------
Inter-Agency Agreejaeots
STATE: IOU
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Oil and gas exploration
Check if
Applicable
Z
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
See below under "Ground-water discharges."
See below under "Ground-water discharges."
In northeast Iowa, the Iowa Department of Water, Air
Management, the Department of Soil Conservation, the
Geological Survey, and county conservation districts
together to control contamination in 22 counties.
, and Haste
Iowa
are working
See below under "Other."
Joint regulation by Department of Soil Conservation and Iowa
Geological Survey.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assei
it Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
The Iowa Geological Survey conducts ground-water and bedrock
aquifer mapping to relate quality and quantity to geological
charac teristics.
Ambient ground-water quality
Routine data collection is conducted by the Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management, USGS, and the University Hygienic
Laboratory.
Assessment at waste sites
Iowa State University conducts agricultural drainage well
monitoring for contaminants. Several cooperating state agencies
are conducting a karst area study In northeast Iowa to map and
Identify pollutant sources.
Other (specify)
-442-
-------
STATE: IOWA
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt tnter
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Sampling is routinely conducted at Big Spring in
cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey, the
University Hygienic Lab, and the Conservation
Commission.
Ground-water samples are collected by the U.S.
Geological Survey from each municipal well on an
average of once every four years. Samples are
analyzed by the University Hygienic Laboratory,
which records the values and sends the results to
the USGS, the Iowa Department of Water, Air, and
Waste Management, and the Iowa Geological Survey.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Internal
WATSTORE
and
STORET
•
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
— -^^ Context
Approaches ~~-— ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Resource assessment
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
ihtw Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
v8
* X X
x°
xb
aFor specific problems, town meetings, informational meetings, and ad hoc meetings are formed.
bFor large-scale problems, such as the 22-county karst area in northeast Iowa, educational programs for land
owners and the local population are organized.
Information on ambient ground-water quality is published by the Iowa Geological Survey for each area of the
state.
-443-
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STATE: IOWA
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PBOGRAMS TO PBOTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Progru Status
Federal
Prognui
Status of frogrmm Delegation
State Implementing Agency
(•usual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Not delegated
Iowa declined UIC primacy
EPA
EPA will Implement Iowa's 1422
program; Iowa has no gas or oil
wells ao there is no 1125
program. Iowa does not permit any
injection other than heat to the
ground water.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management
PWS
Delegated
Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Iowa Department of
Agriculture
-444-
-------
4.2. Grant SUtua
STATE: IOH1
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
4780,000
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$331,000
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$1,324,400
RCRA
Section 3011
$399,500*
UIC
$79,500
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$197,100
alf final authorization is obtained, the state will receive an additional $59,500.
-445-
-------
STATE: IOWA
5. STATB-OHIGMATED GBOUMD-VATEB PBOTBCTIOI PBOQRAH3
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: Under development.
FT 1984 Funding: (100,000
Funding Source: Section 106 ground-water protection funds
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water samples are collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from each ouniclpal well
approximately once every four years. Water quality analyses are conducted by the University Hygienic Laboratory.
FT 198" Funding:
Funding Source: State legislative appropriation
5.3- Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Ground-water and bedrock aquifer mappings relating to quality, quantity, and geological
characteristics are conducted by the Iowa Geological Survey.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*1. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
Fr 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-446-
-------
STATE: XOW
5.5. Pwalta/CoBtrol of Discharges to Ground Utter
Description: Rot allowed under Iowa law.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding-Source:
5.6. Septic Mutageaent Prograa
Description:
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Prograso
Description:
FY 19&1 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. ContaBlintian Response Progran
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Emergency response.
FY 198H Funding: $65,5f8
Funding Source: State funds
5.9. Other
Description: The Department of Soil Conservation regulates impacts of subsurface mining and mineral extraction on
ground water. The Iowa Department of Water, Air, and Haste Management regulates ground-water use and withdrawal,
subsurface injection, and waste disposal.
-447-
-------
arm OHOOTP-MTBH MOORAM SUMMARY
8IATI: KANSAS
1. MATURE OF THE GROUND-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Oaologlo and Bydrologio CnaraoUriatioa. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharaoteriatica
(i.e. foraatioos, rook types, areal extent and thickness, trananiaaivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Phyaiographic
Region/Provinoe At
Ri«b Plain* of U» NMt
Pfayaiograpnio
Baglon/Proviaoe Bt
•lT*r ftMlni of UN But
Physiographic
Regioo/ProTiaoe C:
Feroeot of atate oovered
by tbia prwrinoe (•atiawted)
701
Dnooofined Aquifar(a)
Unoonaolidated depoalta
of clay, silt, aand, and
gravel ooopriae aquifers
such IB the Ogallala
formation, alluvium, and
glacial drift. Contains
the most important and
generally moat prolific
aquifera (80? of the
atate'a fresh water).
More than 600 feet of
unconsolidated rooks are
present in parts of south-
western Kansas where the
Ogallala is thickest.
Consolidated material
such as limestone,
dolomite, ahale, and
aandatone store the
remaining 20$ of ground-
water supplies.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: Essentially all the ground water in Kansas occurs in the sedimentary rocks, which oan be divided into
unconsolidated and oonaolidated rook formations. There are an estimated 400 million acre-feat of ground, water
atored in Kansas.
-448-
-------
STATI: CilSAS
1.2. Primary DM* of around Hater w Poroant of ToUl DHC«
Ota
Public Water Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
% of ToUl f Ground HaUr
Qrouad Hater* of ToUl Hater6
2 48
2 77
93° 92
2d 65
1 13
100
•Ground-water volume 5,619 MOD.
bTotal water volume 6,600 MOD.
Irrigation.
dRural domestic and livestock.
1.3. Population leliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear I960
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
System* Hells
Total
67J
1,571,600
-449-
-------
STATE: EABSAS
2.1. Sources (Cheek Major Murses of eootaalwtion and
2 • next moat aerioua, *to.)
top four — • 1 * moat aerious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Oil/gas production Xa
Abandoned trails Xb
Accidental spills X°
and leaks
•Souroe Cbaok manic
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water Intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
aOil and gas production is a major state-wide industry, and also a major
source of ground-water problems state-wide. Of particular concern is the
disposal of oil field brines.
"Because abandoned wells relate to the oil and gas industry, they are also a
major state-wide problem. Abandoned wells are hard to locate, may have
been drilled before state regulations took effect, and have a high
potential for ground-water pollution.
0Accidental spills and leaks are a locally significant problem, particularly
as they relate to the oil and gas Industry and to underground petroleum
facilities.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-450-
-------
8TATI: KAMSA3
3. STATE GROOn>-HATBB MUUQEM«T STIUCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Orramrl Hater Quality and Pollutlcn Oontrol
Subject Monitored bar Statute
Statute
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Oround Mater Protection
General wter pollution
oontrol
KSA, Chapter 65
Deals with public health, water analysis,
and prevention of pollution.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
KSA 65-171«
KSA 55 and KSA 82-7
Drinking water standards.
Ground-water classification.
Solid waste
KSA 65 and KAR 28-29-1
Authority over solid waste.
Hazardous waste
KSA 65 and KAR 28-31
Mining
KAR 47-1 and KSA 49
KAR 28-43
Land reclamation of mined land.
Industry regulation of salt solution.
Oil and gas
KSA, Chapter 55
KAR 28-41(a)
KAR 82-3-300
Provide authority for oontrol of oil
and gas activities and brine disposal.
Regulates oil field waste disposal.
Regulates drilling and plugging of
oil and gas wells.
Other (specify):
Underground storage,
disposal wells,
surface ponds
Water well construc-
tion and abandonment
Ground-water intensive
oontrol areas
Petroleum products
storage tanks
Hydrocarbon storage
wells/systems
Underground injection
control
Oil field brine
spreading
KAR 28-13U)
KSA 82-12 and KAR 28-30
KSA 82a-10
KAR 28-14
KAR 28-45
KAR 28-46
KAR 28-47
Regulates industry.
Procedure for regulating withdrawals
where ground water is contaminated.
Regulates industry.
Regulates industry.
Regulates industry
Controls salt spreading on roads.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-451-
-------
STATE: KAIS1S
3*2.2. Development of ground Mater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Health and Environment
3.2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
1. Ground-Water Quality Management Plan (1962).
2. Memorandum of Understanding, Kansas Department of Health and Environment/Department of Water Resources
(1984) — deals with quantity/quality management.
3. Memorandum of Understanding, Kansas Department of Health and Environment/Kansas Corporation Commission
(1963) — joint operation of oil field regulatory program.
4. Memorandum of Understanding, Kansas Department of Health and Environment/State Fire Marshall — petroleum
storage tanks.
3*2.3* Charaoteriatios of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The "Ground Water Quality Management Plan for the State of Kansas,* published by the Kansas Department of
Health and Environment in January 1982, emphasizes management activities to prevent pollution, to protect
aquifers, and to coordinate administrative functions of state and local government.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
KSA 55 and KSA 82a-7 define fresh, useable, and brine water. Construction, permitting, operation, and
abandonment of wells must conform to classification system.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
Drinking water standards are used for ground-water quality assessment and enforcement. Several
standards are more stringent than Federal criteria.
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Inorganic chemicals.
-452-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
3.3. State isaooy leaponalbilitiea for Ground-Mater Protection
State
Agency
Department of Health
and Environment
Water Office
Kansas Board of
Agriculture
Kansas Geological
Survey
Kansas Corporation
Commission
Ground-
Hater
Follow/
•ule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
KRA
X
OIC*
X
X
PHSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion ,
Aaulfer
Napping,
etc.
X
Hater
Quality
X
X
Soil
Conaer-
Tatlon
Mining
Protec-
tion
fVYmml
load
De-icing
Othei
*
?
BUIC s Underground Injection Control. (The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is responsible for Class I, III,
IV, and V wells. The Kansas Corporation Conmisslon is reponslble for Class II wells.)
bPWS = Public Hater System.
CPE : Pesticides Enforcement.
^Office is responsible for long-range water resource planning.
'Commission is responsible for the water quality aspects of the gas and oil industry in the state (Class II wells).
-453-
-------
STATI: EAMSAS
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Oround-«ater discharges
Underground injection control
(Class II wells)
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Petroleum storage tanks
Cheok If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
Description of agreements
and agencies
Burton Oil Field (portion of Equus beds) .
Coordination of quality and quantity administrative programs.
Kansas regulations require the joint operation of the Under-
ground Injection Control program by both the Kansas Corporation
Commission and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.
Coordination of activities with the Division of Emergency
Preparedness .
Permitting, inspection, and enforcement agreement between the
Kansas Department of Health and Environment and the State Fire
Marshall.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Aotlvity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
In northwest Kansas, a management model has been designed to
develop an optimal strategy for the use of the Ogallala Aquifer
for the next ten years. There is also a joint project between
the state and Kansas State University on recharge of the Equus
Beds aquifer. In northeast Kansas, the state just completed a
four-year study on the general hydrogeo logical character is tics
of Pleistocene river deposits.
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment of a 500-well network on sampling and scope.
Assessment at waste sites
Statewide general site assessment for solid waste (1976) and
for low-level radioactive waste (1961).
Other (specify):
Salt water intrusion study
In the Big Bend area, the state is evaluating the potential
and extent of salt water intrusion and the amount of natural
recharge. In the Wichita area, the state is studying the
optimal rate of fresh water pumpage needed to minimize salt
water encroachment. In the Salina area, there is a Joint
project with USGS to find out the mechanism of salt water
intrusion. Control project submitted to the state legislature
(1985). In southeast Kansas, the state recently completed
Phase I of a study to determine the salt water/fresh water
interface and production potential.
-454-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Area Intensive
monitoring
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Selected solid waste and industrial sites.
Ninety observation/monitoring wells as a part of the
HIES site cleanup.
Samples collected as part of oil field and other
investigations .
State and Federal surface/ground-water monitoring
monitoring program.
In a cooperative agreement between the Kansas
Geological Survey and USGS, approximately 640 water
wells state-wide are monitored to determine water
levels and water quality in fresh water aquifers.
Kansas Geological Survey area sampling study on
one-year cycle.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
X
X
X
Name of
Database
(Specify,
DISC
DISC
KGS
WAIST ORE
STORE!
KGS
3.7* State Programs for Public Participation
^^~~---^^^ Context
Approaches ~~^-^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Htter Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X Xs
Xs
Xa
X X
1
aCarried out as part of the 1982 Ground-Water Quality Management Plan Study.
-455-
-------
STATE: KAI3AS
4. STATE IHPLEMSMTATIOi OF FIOEBAL PBOOIiMS TO PIOnCT QHOUiD HATER
4.1. ProgramiStatus
Pederal
Program
Status of Procru Delegation
State Implementing aganojr
abuauml/Iotevorthjr
Program Cbaraeteriatioa
DIG
1425 program delegated
1422 program delegated
Kanaaa Corporation Coauiaaion
Kansas Department of Health
and Environment
RCftA
Delegated, Phase I
Kansas Department of Health
and Environment
PUS
Delegated
Kansas Department of Health
and Environment
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Kansas State Board of
Agriculture
-456-
-------
STATBt KANSAS
4.2. taut Status
Oraat
1985 Allocation
Specific Oround-teter
Projeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$570,000
Clean Water Aet
Section 205(J)
$222,820
Clean Vater Aot
Section 205(g)
$883,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$350,000
UIC
$392,300
FIFRA
Section 23(«)(D
$154,600
-457-
-------
STATE: KANSAS
5. STATB-ORIGINATBD GROUND-HATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is the lead agency for ground-water quality
management activities which include regulatory, planning, and health functions related to water supplies. The
Hater Office is responsible for long-range water resource planning.
FT 1984 Funding: $20,000
Funding Source: State general funds and Federal drinking water funds
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Cooperative agreement with DSGS to do quarterly sampling of ambient network. The Kansas Department
of Health and Environment's laboratory does the sample analysis.
FY 1984 Funding: $50,000 (in-kind services)
Funding Source: State general fund
5*3* Ground-Mater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Kansas Geological Survey conducts studies on ground water and geological formations.
FY 1984 Funding: $829,000
Funding Source: State general funds
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The Kansas State Board of Agriculture administers the pesticide control program (inspection and
regulation of pesticides, plant pests and diseases, etc.)
FY 1984 Funding and Sources: 1901,280 — State general funds
4407,442 — Other funds
-458-
-------
STATE: EAMSAS
5.5. PtralU/Ccatrol of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description:
Kanaas Department of Health and Environment — Class X, III, IV, and V UIC valla
Kanaaa Corporation Commission/Kansas Department of Health and Environment — Claaa II QIC wella
Kansas Department of Health and Environment — uater pollution control programs
Kanaaa Department of Health and Environment — licensing of water well contractors; bandlea abandoned valla
FT 1984 Funding: $4,450,000
Funding Source: State general funds; Federal funds
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Single-family vastewater treatment lagoons.
FY 1984 Funding: $35,000
Funding Source: State general funds
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Deacription: The Kansas Department of Health and Environment has regulations regarding the installation and
operation of petroleum storage tanks. The Department is also responsible for leak detection monitoring and the
handling of abandoned petroleum storage tanks located above and below ground.
FY 1984 Funding: $21,000
Funding Source: State general funds
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCJM/Superfund)
Description: The Kansas Department of Health and Environment regulates solid and hazardous waste and coordinates
emergency response program.
FY 1964 Funding: $864,691
Funding Source: State and Federal funds
5.9. Other
Description: The Kansas State Board of Agriculture determines water quantity allocation issues.
FY 1964 Funding: $2,605,766
Funding Source: State general funds
-459-
-------
STATE OROOTD-WATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: MISSOURI
1. MATURE OP THE GROUND-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristic*. Describe general geological and bydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmisaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
diaracterlstlcs
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTince B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
fined Aqulfer(a)
Alluviiai along rirers
and atreasa, including
Mlaalaalppi River
deposits in the boot heel
area.
Glacial till and
buried pre-glacial
channels in northern
Missouri.
Cretaceous and
Tertiary rocks.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: In general, ground water is of fair-to-poor quality in the north and along a narrow strip in western
Missouri. Excellent quality water is available in the central, southern, and southeast portions of the state.
-460-
-------
STATE: MISSOURI
1. IATDRE OP THE GROOVD-HATBR RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic wad Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Prorinee D:
Physiographic
Region/Province E:
Physiographic
Region/ProTlnoe P:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconfined Aquifer(s)
Paleozoic rocks are
distributed around
the entire state except
for the St. Francois
mountains, mostly
fractured limestone or
dolomite with some
sandstone. These can
yield large amounts of
water. The quality is
particularly good in
southern Missouri in
the Ozark region.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
-461-
-------
STiTE: MISSOURI
1.2. Prlaary Uaea of Brand Water aa Percent of Total Oaage
Oae
Public Water Syatema
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal )
Agricultural0
Domestic/Rural*1
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
K of Total
Ground Water*
33
25
21
18
3
100
% Ground Water
of Total Water"
22
«3
77
54
1
'Total ground-water volume 179 MGD.
"Total water volume 6,811 MOD.
Irrigation.
^Includes livestock.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water
Syateaa
-
Domestic
Wella
Total
3U
1,546,022
-462-
-------
2.1 Sources (Check Major aoureea of oon'
2 * next moat serious, etc.)
STATE: MISSOURI
.nation and rank top four — 1 « Boat aerioua,
Source Check lank
Septic tanks Xa
Municipal landfills
On-slte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gaa brine pits) X°
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Strip mining Xa
Improperly con-
structed and un-
plugged water
wells Xe
Oil/chemical spills Xf
Source Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites X
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xc
Road salting
aA significant threat to karst areas and the excellent ground-water quality in the southern part of the state.
''Surface impoundments include both industrial and municipal waste lagoons. Industrial lagoons and discharges
occur mostly around population centers and concentrate contaminants in a relatively small area; a significant
problem. Municipal waste lagoons are particularly troublesome in the karst area in the southern part of state.
Agricultural chemicals are a significant source of non-point contamination.
dStrip mining is a locally significant source of surface contamination.
^These wells introduce unnecessary contamination into vulnerable ground-water regions; a significant problem.
''oil and chemical spills are particularly prevalent in Missouri with its dioxin problems; significant locally.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
"Dioxin contamination.
-463-
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3TATB: MISSOURI
3. STATB GROOID-WATKR HAIAGBNBXT STRUCTURE
3.1. State SUtutea Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and PoUutloo Control
Subject Monitored toy Statute
Statute laae/Vo.
Oeaoriptioo of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control
Revised Statutes, Chapter 204
Water Pollution, Sections 204.006-
204.141 (Missouri Clean Water Law)
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid mate
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Revised Statutes, Chapter 559
Other (specify):
(IIC
Revised Statutes, Public Safsty
Offenses, Sec. 577-155
Prohibits waste disposal wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-464-
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STATE: HX330DBI
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. I» thert a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Tea X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Natural Resources, Water Resources Research and Planning
Program
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Missouri maintains its ground-water quality by utilizing existing statutes and regulations. No formal,
central ground-water policy has been formulated; the state is beginning to develop a ground-water strategy. The
strategy will be written by a task group of representatives from the Division of Geology and Land Survey, and the
Division of Environmental Quality.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No
3-2.5.3- Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-465-
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STATE: MSSOORI
3.3. State Agency lespoaalbllltiea for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
ACM"?
Departaent of
Environmental Quality
Division of Geology
and Land Survey
Department of Natural
Resources, Division
of Environmental
Quality
Department of
Agriculture
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
01C*
X
PBb
X
P8C
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
aUIC s Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE - Pesticides Enforcement.
-466-
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STATE: MISSOURI
3.». Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges '
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Oil and gas operations
Cheek If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Clean Water Commission is responsible for water
contamination control and clean water regulations, including
those covering UIC 1422 wells. The six members are appointed
the Governor.
by
See below under "Other.*
The Oil and Gas Council regulates oil and gas operations in the
state and has Jurisdiction over illegal, malfunctioning, or
unplugged wells. Members of the Council include representatives
of the Division of Geology and Land Survey, the University of
Missouri, the Clean Water Commission, and others. Two members
are appointed by the Governor.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
The state has completed an aquifer identification program done
with EPA grant funds; a hydrogeologic study of shallow ground
water In western Missouri done by the Division of Geology and
Land Survey; an aquifer narrative developed by the Division of
Geology and Land Survey as part of the UIC 1422 application; a
Pennsylvania aquifer exemption developed by the Division of
Geology and Land Survey as part of their UIC 1425 application;
and numerous studies and publications of a general nature
developed by the Division of Environmental Quality and the
Division of Geology and Land Survey.
-467-
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STATE: MISSOURI
3.6. State Ground-Water Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Miscellaneous
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Public Drinking Water Program is testing systems
with a high risk for contamination by synthetic
organic compounds.
A well monitoring system has been set up throughout
Missouri in a cooperative effort between VSGS, the
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, and other
Federal and state agencies.
Random sampling is being conducted for specific
studies or investigations.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeck)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
"•— — -^^^^ Context
Approaches ~~~" — -^__^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
thtw Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X Xa
X X
aOil and gas wells.
-468-
-------
STATE: MISSOURI
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Progru Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Onuson 1/Noteworthy
Progru Characteristics
DIC
1425 program delegated
1422 program application
pending
Division of Geology
and Land Survey
Division of Geology
and Land Survey
The state has approximately 475
oil and gas injection wells, of
which 325 are active, with over
909 used for enhanced recovery.
Currently conducting a Class V
inventory; Class I and IV wells
are prohibited; no known Class
III wells exist.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources
State may return program to the
EPA.
PUS
Delegated
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental
Quality
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Missouri Department of
Agriculture
-469-
-------
STATE: NZSSOOBX
4.2. Grant Statua
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
Projeote/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$960,000
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$676,200
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$2,713,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$790,000
UIC
$94,100
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$199,600
-470-
-------
STATE: MXSSOQRI
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROUND-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description:
FY 19814 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Aasessaent/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Division of Geology and Land Survey conducts ground water and geological formation studies.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-471-
-------
STATE: MISSOURI
5.5. Pmts/CoBtrol of Dleonarg*a to droned Water
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Beetle ttonageaant Progru
Description:
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7* Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Progru
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
Description: The Division of Environmental Quality regulates state water-related activities such aa ground-water
use, withdrawal, and quality.
-472-
-------
arm cMoro-mm PBOOBAM SUMUBT
STATE: BBBRASKA
1. BATORB Of TBI OBOOBD-HATBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Rydrologlo ttarmoteriatios. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamlaaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraoteriatioa
Physiographic
Bagion/ProviaM A:
Pbysicgraphlo
Begion/ProTiooe B:
PbyalograpMo
BecioB/ProTinoe Ct
Percent of atate covered
by tbia prorinoe (eatiaatad)
fined Aquifer(a)
Much of Nebraska ia
underlain at shallow
depth by the Ogallala
Aquifer. It supplies
moderate to large
quantities of good
quality water to
domestic, public,
irrigation, and
industrial water supply
wells.
Unconsolidated alluvial
deposits of Quaternary
age are also important
aquifers.
Geologically older,
deeper and lower
yielding secondary
aquifers provide water
where the Ogallala is
thin or absent. The
low to moderate yields
are of acceptable quality
and found in eastern
Nebraska (the Dakota
Aquifer) and in the
panhandle (the Hemingford,
Arikaree, and Brule
Formations).
Confined Aquifer(s)
The Chadren Aquifer is
utilized in some areas
of the Panhandle of the
state.
The Dakota Aquifer,
utilized in some areas of
the eastern part of the
state, is confined in
some places.
-473-
-------
STATE: IEBRASKA
1.2. Primary Oaeo of Ground Hater aa Feroent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural0
Domestic/Burald
Other (specify):
Thermoelectric
Total
J of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Water* of ToUl Hater*
3 79
0,6 91
91 72
2 86
0.1 1
100
ground-water volume 7,139 MOD.
bTotal water volume 12,021 MGD.
clrrigation.
Includes livestock.
1.3- Population Reliance on Ground Vater for Drinking Water for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
80. 9>
786,219
Domestic
Wells*
19*
279,911
Total
999
1,568,511
Estimate.
-474-
-------
STiTlJ DBRA3KA
2.1* Bouroes (Chaok major •ouroea of omitaart nation and rank top four
2 • nut aoat aarloua, ato.)
— 1 « Boot aerloua,
Bouroa Cbaok Bank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills X
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Abandoned barnyards X
Source Cbaok lank
Injection Nells
Abandoned hazardous X
tmste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
Motes: Ranking of these sources would be misleading at this tine since sampling has been unevenly distributed
across the state. He do not have data available to indicate which sources may be more of a problem than others.
2.2* OoDtasdnatiag Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Xa
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates Xb
Fluorides ___
Arsenic _____
Brine salinity X
Other
Metals
X
Radioactive material _____
Pesticides
Other (specify)
xc
xd
^Contamination originates from manufacturing and chemical processes; a local problem.
Contamination is due to agricultural fertilizers and waste disposal areas (septic tanks, barnyards). May be
either a local or a regional problem.
Contamination is due to agricultural operations and determination of magnitude of problem cannot be made from
existing data.
dlncludes gasoline and hydrocarbons, which originate from spills and leaks from underground storage tanks; a
local problem.
-475-
-------
STATE: BBRASKA
3. STATE GROUND-WATER NAMGSMBn STROCTQRE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-fetor Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General inter pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Pesticides
Livestock waste control
Conner cial fertilizers
and soil conditioners
Statute Bame/Vo.
Revised Statutes, Chapter 81: 1501-1533
Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
Revised Statutes, 71-5302:
Nebraska Safe Drinking Water Act
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act (NEPA)
Revised Statutes, 81: 1501-1533
81:1515-1528 (NEPA)
19:1101-1121, 19:2107-2112
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act, 81:1505
Revised Statutes, 57:901-921
Revised Statutes, Article 2,
Chapter 26: Regulation of
Economic Poisons
Nebraska Environmental Protection
Act
81-2
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-ifcter Protection
General pollution control authority for
Department of Environmental Control.
Not protective of ground water directly,
but may prevent installation of wells In
areas of contaminated water
General authority for the Department
of Environmental Control.
Waste Disposal Area Licensing
City Disposal Site Requirements
Garbage Disposal Site Approval
Requirements for various siting, design,
and monitoring criteria.
Exploration holes.
Registration requirements similar to
pesticide registration information.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-476-
-------
STATE: IBBRASKA
3.2.2. Development of Oround-Htter Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or atrategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Control
Tea X
No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Development of a ground-water quality protection atrategy for Nebraska baa progressed since 1961. Early
stages involved the compilation of data on the ground-water resource (both occurrence and quality aspects). An
assessment of ground-water quality problems in Nebraska ma completed. Existing Federal and state authorities and
regulations related to ground-water quality protection were analyzed to identify deficiencies in protection. This
information was then uaed to develop proposals for strengthening protection of ground-water quality through
modifying or supplementing existing programs or proposing new programs. Implementation of atrategy components
will take three to five years.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: Nebraska issued a draft ground-water protection strategy in June 1964; it Is currently being reviewed for
final release. It proposes that since underground aquifers furnish drinking water to every community in the state
but two, ground-water contamination must be prevented to the maximum degree possible. It discusses the major
sources of pollution in Nebraska, the institutional capabilities for dealing with them, protective measures now
existing or required, financing, and timing of additional measures. Due to the complexities involved, the
strategy does not offer a final solution to ground-water problems, but rather a course for systematically
addressing the state's ground-water issues. This involves collection of information on the occurrence of
potential ground-water pollution sources in Nebraska, then development of regulatory programs to address those
potential sources.
3*2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
To establish levels for ground-water restoration for paramenters included in the standards.
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Those included in the Federal primary drinking water standards and most of the secondary drinking water
standards.
-477-
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STATE: RBRASCA
3.3. State Agency BeapcnsibllltieB for Ground -Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental Control
Oil and Gaa
Conservation
Commission
Department of
Health
University of
Nebraska,
Conservation and
Survey Division
Department of
Agriculture
Natural Resources
Commission
Department of
Water Resources
Oround-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Z
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
rac*
*
xf
PWb
X
re°
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
xh
Soil
Conaer-
Tatioa
X
Mining
Xe
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
If
X1
aUIC « Underground Injection Control.
bPWS « Public Water System.
CPE « Pesticides Enforcement.
^Department of Environmental Control has 1422 primacy.
eln situ mining.
Oil and Gas Conservation Commission has 1425 primacy.
Commission regulates ground-water quality through oil and gas statutes.
"No responsibility over sources of contamination; responsibility in terms of quality of water supplied to user at the tap.
Apartment regulates the use and registration of pesticides in the state.
-473-
-------
STATE: KBHASKA
3.H. Inter-Agency Agreements
Tonliui
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Mining
Septic tanks
Check if
AoDllomble
X
X
X
X
Description of AfrMMots
mmiA AffMMliflB
An unwritten arrangement exists between the Department of
Environmental Control and the Department of Health concerning
the responsibilities of each with regard to public water supply
systems and aquifer protection.
A Memorandum of Agreement exists between the Department of
Environmental Control and the Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission which governs the joint administration of the UIC
program in the state. There is a written agreement between the
Department of Environmental Control and the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission which governs the in-situ mining of uranium ores.
Agreement between USDA Forest Service, the Department of
Environmental Control, and the Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission regarding the exchange of information on uranium-
related operating plans.
Agreement between the Department of Environmental Control and
the Department of Health regarding the inspection of septic tank
systems .
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Agricultural contamination
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Aquifer mapping of principal aquifers, including the Ogallala,
was completed in 1981; a "Ground-Water Pollution Potential in
Nebraska" map was compiled as part of the ground-water quality
protection program. This map illustrates areas which are
physically sensitive to ground-water pollution.
USGS monitors wells statewide. The Department of Health
monitors municipal supply systems. Some natural resource
districts monitor water quality across their regions.
Proposal from Southeast Nebraska Study: monitoring program to
identify nitrate contamination; 300 ground-water well samples
will be collected in a 1,150 square mile area for a one-time
assessment.
-479-
-------
STATB: BBRASKA
3.6. SUte Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cheek
X
X
Brief Description of Monitorial Program
Selected licensed landfills are monitored.
The state identified all existing ground-water
quality sampling and monitoring sites as of 1981.
Locations of registered irrigation wells are updated
yearly. Ground-water levels are monitored statewide.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Check)
1
Name of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
•— -~^___^ Context
Approaches ^~^^^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
HkUr Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Ounces Strategy Other
XXX
Xa
X X
Xb X*
aSpeclfic contamination occurrences.
bThe Department of Environmental Control discusses these topics.
-480-
-------
STATE: NEBRASKA
4. STATE IHPLBHBNTATION Of FEDE1AL PROGBAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Procru
SUtua of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Progru Cbaraoteriatiea
UZC
1422 program delegated
1425 program delegated
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control
Nebraska Gas and Oil
Conservation Commission
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control
PWS
Delegated
Nebraska Department of
Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Not delegated
Direct Federal implementation.
-481-
-------
4.2. Grant SUtua
STATE: IBBRASKA
Grant
FI 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJecta/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$620,000
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$125,130
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
4500,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,900
UJC
$100,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(D
None; not delegated
-482-
-------
STATE: IBBRASKA
5. 3TATB-OHIGIIATBD GHOOID-WATBB PBOTBCTION PBOGBAKS
5.1. Oround-Wmtw Strategy
(including ground-Hater quality standards and classification)
Description: Nebraska issued a draft ground-water protection strategy in June 1984 which calls for the prevention
of ground-water pollution to the maximum degree possible. The strategy is not a solution, but a guideline for
systematically addressing the state's ground-water issues. The draft is currently being reviewed for final
release.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source: 208
5.2. Oround-Hatw Monitoring
Description: The strategy proposes development of regional ground-water monitoring programs targeted to specific
potential sources of ground-water contamination present in each region. To date, monitoring activities, funded
under 106, have been restricted to complaint or problem verification and identification in isolated areas.
FT 1984 Funding: None for ambient monitoring
Funding Source: None
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: A "Ground-Water Pollution Potential in Nebraska" map was compiled as part of the ground-water
quality protection program. The Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska conducts
geological and bydrogeologioal studies.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 208
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Legislation pending.
TY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source: None
-483-
-------
STATE: IBBRASKA
5.5. Fwnlts/Ceotrol of Discharges to Qround tfater
Deaoriptlon: Involves the DIG program only. The major activity involved with in situ uranium mining under a
pilot project. Regulations in Class V veils Involves two approaches: (1) regulate by permit if source has
potential for environmental degradation; and (2) regulate by rule for those sources with less potential impact.
Class XI wells are regulated by the Oil and Gas Commission.
FT 1984 Funding: $31,800
Funding Source: DIG
5.6. Septic Muagamwit Program
Description: The Department of Environmental Control Implements regulations for septic tank pollution control in
cooperation with the Department of Health. The Department of Health manages the septic tank program under a
Memorandum of Agreement with the Department of Environmental Control. The Department of Environmental Control has
promulgated the rules and regulations for this program.
FT 1984 Funding: None for Department of Environmental Control; Department of Health funding unknown
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Legislation pending.
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source: None
5.8. Contamination Response Progr
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Legislation pending.
FY. 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 106
5.9. Other
Description:
-ASA-
-------
REGION VIII
-------
STATE GROOKD-HATBR PROGRAM SUMMAHY
STATE : COLORADO
1. NATURE OF THE GROUHD-BATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydro-logic Characteristics, Describe general geological and hydrolc&ieel characteriM
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer Ixatar-eonnectloi:
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
High Plains Province
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Rocky Mountain Province
Physiographic
Ragion/Province C:
Colorado Plateau Province
1
—
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconfined Aquifer(a)
The High Plains Province
has a relatively simple
geology, consisting of
sedimentary layers ex-
tending east from the
mountains to the border.
Ground-water use in this
region Is from alluvial
aquifers along major
rivers and Tertiary and
Cretaceous sedimentary
bedrock aquifers. The
Ogallala formation Is a
major semi-consolidated
sedimentary aquifer In
eastern Colorado, which
is presently being mined.
The western flank of the
High Plains of Colorado
encompasses the major
Fort Collins/Denver/
Colorado Springs popula-
tion center. Ground-water
use in this area is pri-
marily from the Denver,
Dawson, Arapahoe, Laramie,
and Fox Hills formations.
Highly fractured bedrock
systems are used for
ground water in the
Foothills region.
The Rocky Mountain Prov-
ince's geology is very
complex, consisting of
mountain ranges and
valley fill, both con-
solidated and unconsol-
Idated. This area is
generally sparsely pop-
ulated. In some valleys
there is extensive use
of both deep and shallow
ground-water sources.
The San Luis Valley is
a very high ground-water
use area. Again,
alluvial aquifers along
drainages are often used
locally.
Ground-water sources in
the Colorado Plateau
Province are mainly from
unconsolidated alluvial
aquifers, with minor
usage of consolidated
sediments of Cretaceous
and older ages. Water
quality in this province
varies widely with the
most mineralized water
generally coming from
consolidated sediments.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-485-
-------
STATEt COLORADO
1.1. Primary Oses of Ground Mater M Percent of Total
UM
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Not specified
Total
% of Total % Ground hater
Ground Mater of Total Water
2-3
96
1-2
100
1.3. Population Reliance OB Ground Water for Drinking Mater for Tear 1980
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water Domestic
Systems Hells
25* 4*
700,000 125,000
Total
29*
825,000
-486-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
2.1. SeuroM (Gh«ok major aouroea of contamination and rude top four
Z a next nat aerloua, eto.)
— 1 «
it aerloua,
Source
Septlo tanks
OMOk Rank
X 2
Municipal land f ilia
On-aita industrial
landfills (excluding
pita, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other land f ilia
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pita
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Mine drainage
Rocky Mountain
Arsenal
X
X
X 3
X
X
X 6
X 1
Souroe
Check Rank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
X 4
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X 5
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
X
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-487-
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STATE: COLORADO
3. STATE GROUND-HATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute NaM/No.
Hater Quality Control Act
Public Health Statutes
Solid Waste Act
Hazardous Waste Act
Radiation Control Act
Mined Land Reclamation Act
Oil and Gas Conservation Act
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
Act gives State Health Department
authority to protect state waters,
including ground water.
Statutes confer authority on the Health
Department .
Act give state authority to regulate
disposal of liquid and semi -liquid wastes.
Act gives state authority to regulate
generation, transport, and disposal of
hazardous waste.
Act allows state to regulate ground
water impacts of radioactive mining
facilities.
This act gives the state authority to
regulate active facilities post-1976.
Act allows state to regulate drilling,
exploration, and production for ground
water protection. Also gives authority
for Class II wells.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-488-
-------
STATE: COLOBADO
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Utter Pollogr
3.2.2.1. IB there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yea X Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Water Quality Commission and Hater Quality Control Division
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Water Quality Control Division is in the process of developing regulations. The first set of
regulations are targeted for adoption by July 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The Colorado Water Quality Commission adopted a ground-water protection goal (policy statement) in May
1984. The goal is to control or prevent activities which have potential to impair existing or future beneficial
ground-water uses, or to adversely impact public health.
3.2.1. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea
Not formally adopted, but proposed.
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
As proposed:
Use Category 1: Suitable for all uses. TDS s 0 to 3,000 ppm.
Use Category 2: Suitable for all uses. TDS less than 10,000 ppm.
Use Category 3: Not suitable for drinking water.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-439-
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STATE: COLORADO
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Oil and Gaa
Conservation
Commission
Department of
Health, Water
Quality Control6
Department of
Health, Radiation
Control Division
Department of
Health, Waste
Management
Division
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Natural Resources
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
rederally-Oelecated Progru
RCRA
X
rac*
*
PHSb
X
PB°
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
load
De-icing
Other
X
Xf
X*
xh
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Implements the UIC Class II program and has requirements for oil/gas well and
evaporative disposal pit construction.
*The Colorado Department of Health, Water Quality Control Division is the lead agency in ground-water protection. The
Division also implements the NPDES program, and the Individual Sewage Disposal program.
fThe Colorado Department of Health, Radiation Control Division implements the Radiation Control program.
*The Department of Health, Waste Management Division will implement the Solid and Hazardous Waste programs.
"The Department of Natural Resources implements the Mined Land Reclamation program.
-490-
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STATE: COLORADO
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agraaawnta
and Agencies
The High Plains Technical Coordinating Committee was involved in
a six-state study of the Ogallala Aquifer.
The Ad Hoc Advisory Commission was formed to provide guidance on
ground-water strategy /policy development.
Site specific committees are formed (i.e., Rocky Mountain
Arsenal, Lowry Landfill).
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Extensive mapping has been performed on designated ground-water
basins. Limited information is available on other aquifers.
IDS contour and aquifer depth and thickness information was
compiled in 1981. The Denver Basin is presently being mapped.
-491-
-------
3UTI: OOLOI1DO
3.6. SUU Orouad-toter Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste cites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Quantity monitoring
Cfaeok
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
A small quality study (USGS/local) is being performed
in •astern Colorado. The State Health Department la
proposing a pilot ground-water quality baseline study
for FY. 1985.
A previous water level monitoring network of 1 ,700
wells operated jointly by the State Engineer/USGS
has been reduced to 500 wells operated by USGS and
local water management diatricta, due to state
funding outs.
Monitoring
Date
Computerised
(Cbeok)
•use of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^"^•^^^^ Context
Approaches " ^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Vmtm- Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X
X
X
-492-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program status
Fader-mi
Progrui
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Unusual/Noteworthy
Program Cbaracterlstics
Delegated, Claas II only
Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission
RCRA
Tentative decision to
delegate
Department of Health
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Hot delegated; possible
FY 1985 partial delegation
Department of
Agriculture
-493-
-------
STATE: COLORADO
*.2. Grant SUtua
(boot
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
ProJeota/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$576,000 Recent 106 aupplement to be applied to taaka still
undetermined.
Water Quality Standards
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$195,690
Clean Water Act
Section 205
-------
STATE: COLORADO
5. STATR-ORXGZ1ATBD GBOOID-WATBl FBOTKCTXOI PBOOIAMS
5.1. Oround-BaUr Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and olaaaifioation)
Description: The Colorado Water Quality Commission adopted a ground-water protection goal (policy statement) in
May 1981, intended expressly to control or prevent activities which have potential to impair existing or future
beneficial ground-Mater uses, or to adversely impact public health. The Water Quality Control Division is in the
process of developing regulations.
An Ad Hoc Advisory Coanlssion MIS foraed to provide guidance on ground-water strategy/policy development.
FT 1981 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water MoBltorlng
Description: The previous water level Monitoring network of 1,700 wells operated jointly by the State Engineer
and USGS has been reduced to 500 wells operated by USGS and local water management districts, due to state funding
cuts. A small quality study (USCS/local) is being performed in eastern Colorado. The State Health Department is
proposing a pilot ground-water quality baseline study for FY 1985.
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.3* Ground-Water Reaource Aaaeammant/Aqulfar Study/Mapping
Description: Extensive mapping has been performed on Designated Ground-Water Basins. Limited information is
available on other aquifers. TDS contour and aquifer depth and thickness information was compiled in 1981. The
Denver Basin is presently being mapped.
The High Plains Technical Coordinating Committee was involved In a six-state study of the Ogallala Aquifer.
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source:
-495-
-------
STATS: COLORADO
5.5. Permita/Control of Diaoaargma to Oround Hater
Description: The Oil and Oaa Conservation Commission regulates on-alte and central facilities for produced
watera/oil field wastes.
The Haste Management Division of the Department of Health implements a aurfaoe impoundment permit ayatem.
The Radiation Control Aet allows the atate to regulate ground-water Impacts of radioactive mining facilities.
The Solid Waste Act allows the state to regulate disposal of solid, liquid, and semi-liquid mates.
FZ 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Colorado Department of Health, Water Quality Control Division regulates individual sewage
diapoaal systems (ISDS), but the program la delegated to local health departments where they exist.
FT 1984 Funding: 1 FTE
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Onderground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Colorado Department of Labor, State Inspector of Oils regulates the storage (bulk and
underground) of refined petroleum products.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: The Colorado Department of Health, Office of Health Protection, has an organized emergency response
effort for environmental emergencies.
FX 1984 Funding: No additional funds
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-496-
-------
8TATB OROOTD-1IATBR PROGRAM SOMMART
STATE: MDITAMA
1. IATURB OF TBB GROOYD-WATER BESOORCB
1.1. Geologic MM! Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Charaoterlstios
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onoonfioed Aquifer (a)
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Rooky Mountain Region
Physiographic Physiographic
Region/Province B: Region/Province C:
Great Plains Region
This is an area of rugged
mountain ranges and
intervening valleys.
Folding, faulting, and
igneous activity pro-
duced these formations.
Since the aquifers assoc-
iated with these geologic
formations have been so
changed, only the valley
aquifers are generally
available for use.
The stream-deposited
valley sediments are
composed of gravels,
sands, silts, and clays.
Water availability from
these alluvial deposits
is variable and dependent
upon the character of the
deposits. Streams are
hydraulically connected
to the alluvial aquifers,
creating a surface water/
ground-water link.
Glacial deposits of sedi-
ment form the other
primary type of valley
aquifer. These glacial
aquifers range from a few
to hundreds of feet thick,
depending upon location
and mode of deposit.
This region extends from
the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains to the
Montana-North Dakota
border, and is under-
lain by flat to gently
dipping sedimentary
rocks. The rocks that
form the surface are
generally soft and
have been eroded into
rolling plains. There
are 3 main aquifers:
Alluvial Aquifers:
made from loose deposits
above the sedimentary
formations. These con-
sist of sands, silts,
gravels, and clays
situated adjacent to
surface water systems.
They are generally less
than 30 feet thick, but
may be 200 feet thick
along major rivers.
Fort Union Formation;
probably the most used
aquifer in the region,
because it is close to
the surface. Generally
this formation is less
than 1,500 feet thick,
but it is more than
8,000 feet thick in
southeastern Montana.
Eagle Formation;
rarely more than 100
feet thick. The area
in which this aquifer is
used moat corresponds to
the area where the forma-
tion is less than 300
feet below the surface.
Siltstone and shale are
the dominant units.
-497-
-------
STATE: NDNTAHA
1.2. Primary Uaea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Dae
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater
21
10
«»6a
23
100
% Ground Hater
of Total Hater
Irrigation and livestock.
1.3- Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
2HJ
185,000
Domestic
Hells
3*»
262,500
Total
58*
217,500
-498-
-------
STATE: HOMTAMA
2.1. Sources (Cback Major sources of ootitaalnation and rank top four
2 « next aoat serious, etc.)
— 1 « moat serious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
Check Bank
X
Xa
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Xa
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining
Accidental spills
x°
X
Source Check Bank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xb
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
X*1
X6
aGround-water contamination from solid waste disposal sites can occur as water moves laterally through buried
wastes or as precipitation percolates down through wastes. Some landfills have been sited in drainage areas with
permeable soils and shallow ground water.
''Saline seep is caused by the dryland farming practice of fallowing. Natural vegetation is removed and excess
soil moisture allowed to accumulate. Excess moisture moves through the soil, dissolving natural salts, and
becomes increasingly saline. The salty solution contaminates the ground water.
°Ground-water contamination can occur from several activities, ranging from improper brine disposal, either in
pits or in injection wells, to improperly plugged seismic shot holes.
dBoth abandoned and active mines can discharge highly acidic water, causing degradation of ground water.
Contamination of the alluvial aquifers is generally by heavy metals, sulfates, and acids.
eGround-water contamination from accidental spills is probably minor; however, petroleum contamination due to
leaking underground storage tanks is becoming more of a problem as more incidents are discovered.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
^_^_
X
X
X
x8^
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
X
xb
"Sulfates.
bAcids.
-499-
-------
STATE: MOVTAHA
3. STATE GBOOHD-WATBB MANAGEMENT STBOCTDRE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-mter quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous taste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Facility siting
Water wells
Sewage Control
Statute NUM/NO.
Water Quality Act
Montana Water Law
Water Quality Act
Solid Waste Management Act
Montana Hazardous Waste Act
Strip Mine Act
Minerals, Oil and Gas Act
Major Facility Siting Act
Water Well Contractors Act
Sanitation in Subdivisions Act
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
The act provides a comprehensive program
for the prevention, abatement, and control
of water pollution; Includes ground water.
This law provides a program for full
utilization, conservation, and protection
of the state's water resources.
Act includes requirements for ground-water
quality standards. Such standards have
been promulgated under the Act.
The act prohibits the disposal of solid
waste or any constituent of it from being
discharged into water, Including ground
water.
Regulates hazardous wastes.
The act does not allow new strip or
underground coal mining if the mine would
damage the quality of surface water or
underground water systems.
Regulates oil and gas activities.
The act allows the owner of an Interest in
real property who obtains his supply of
water from surface or underground sources
to recover damages for contamination.
The act provides for the licensing of
water well drillers in order to provide a
means for the development of underground
water in an orderly, sanitary, and
reasonable manner.
The act extends laws controlling water
supplies to include individual wells
affected by adjoining sewage disposal and
individual sewage systems.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Mater Policy
3*2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
-500-
-------
STATE: MONTANA
3.2.2. Derelopwnt of Ground-Water Policy
3*2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3*2.2.2. Lead agency/steering coenittee: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
Tea X No
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
A ground-water program was Initiated in October 1982. This program includes ground-water quality
standards, a classification system, a permitting program for potential sources of pollution, and a non-degradation
policy. Certain activities which could pollute ground water are reviewed by the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences. Activities covered by other permit programs (such as hard rock mining under Department of
State Lands operating permits) are reviewed cooperatively with the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
to ensure compliance with the standards.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes: The policy includes ground-water quality standards, a classification system, a permitting program for
potential sources of pollution, and a non-degradation policy.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.11.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Four classes which are based on present/potential beneficial uses.
No
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3*2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Used as criteria for review of alienability of developments.
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Contaminants covered are all drinking water parameters and all substances deleterious to beneficial
uses.
-501-
-------
STATE: MONTANA
3,3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Health and
Environmental
Sciences, Solid
Haste Management
Bureau
Department of
Health and
Environmental
Sciences, Hater
Quality Bureau
Department of
Agriculture,
Environmental
Management
Division
Department of
State Lands
Department of
Natural Resources
and Conservation
Division of Oil and
Gas Conservation
Bureau of Mines
and Hydrology
Ground**
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X*
X*
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIC*
PHSb
X
PBC
X
-
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
SoU
Conser-
vation
Mining
Xe
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
Xr
X«
*UIC E Underground Injection Control.
kpKS * Public Hater System.
°PE « Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department of Health and Environmental Sciences conducts the ground-water permit program; investigates ground-water
contamination problems; and is responsible for RCRA clean-up and Superfund.
*The Department of State Lands protects ground water from new mining activities and cooperates with the Department of
Health and Environmental Sciences in reviewing impacts.
*The Department of Natural Resources and Conservation regulates water quantity aspects but overlaps into water quality
areas also.
gThe Division of Oil and Cas Conservation protects fresh water aquifers during drilling operations and from disposal of
produced water.
-502-
-------
STATE: MDMTAIA
Inter-4g»ncy
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy sad strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Mining
Cbeok If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreesisnts
and Affwifilae
The Ground-water Advisory Council is a 16-menber board
appointed by the Governor which reviews the state's ground-water
system and the regulatory framework pertaining to ground
water. The Council recommends to the Governor, the legislature,
and state agencies any legislation or rulemaking necessary to
protect the state's ground water. In effect until January,
1985.
A Memorandum of Understanding exists between the Department of
State Lands and the Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences. It outlines cooperation between each agency in
implementation of ground-water quality standards as they apply
to hard rock mining.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Some ground-water aquifer identification napping has been
conducted by Bureau of Mines and Hydrology under UIC grants.
-503-
-------
STATE: MMTAIA
3.6. State OrouDd-Hftter Monitorial
Tipes of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous mate sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Cheek
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Comprehensive ground-water quality monitoring network
has not been developed .
Quality monitoring is carried out at specific sites
in response to development projects, complaints, etc.
Monitoring
Data
iOBBUterlMd
(Cheok)
•erne of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Progreme for Public Participation
^ ^^^ Context
Approaches ^~"""—-
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens* advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Hailing lists for notification
of public hearings
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
iht«r remit Adoption, Water
laauea Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XXX
X X
X X
X X
X X
-504-
-------
STATE: MONTANA
«. STATE IMPLEMENTATION Of FEDERAL PftOQBAKS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Progrea
Status of Progrui Delegation
State XaplaaeDting Agency
Dnuaual/Noteworthy
Pragma Characteristics
DIG
Not delegated
RCRA
Delegated
Departaent of Health
and Environmental
Solenoea, Solid Waste
Management Bureau
PWS
Delegated
Departaent of Health
and Environmental
Sciences, Water
Quality Bureau
Peaticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture, Environmental
Management Division
-505-
-------
ST1TS: NORAM
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT. 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$360,000
Ground-water permit Issuance: $30,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
$119,600 Investigation of ground-water contamination, primarily
leaking underground storage tanks: $6,000.
Saline seep investigation: $5,400.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$476,600
No specific ground-water projects.
RCRA
Section 3011
$250,000
No specific ground-water projects.
UIC
$128,100
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$151,200 No specific ground-water projects. Conducted a study
entitled "A Survey of Potential Contamination of
Ground Water Associated with Agricultural Production
Practices in Montana" during FY 1984.
-506-
-------
STATE: HORTAEA
5. STATB-ORIGXHATBD OROORD-HATRR PROTBCTIOB PROGBAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: A ground-water program was Initiated in October 1982. This program includes ground-water quality
standards, a classification system, a permitting program for potential sources of pollution, and a non-degradation
policy. Certain activities which could pollute ground water are reviewed by the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences. Activities covered by other permit programs (such as hard rock mining under Department of
State Lands operating permits) are reviewed cooperatively with the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
to ensure compliance with the standards.
The Montana Water Quality Act provides a comprehensive program for the prevention, abatement, and control of
water pollution with water being defined to Include ground water.
The Montana Ground-Water Pollution Control System requires the Water Quality Bureau of the Department of
Health and Environmental Sciences to review certain activities which could pollute ground water. It includes
ground-water quality standards, a classification system, a permitting program for potential sources of pollution,
and a non-degradation policy.
Montana also has a Ground-Water Advisory Council, a 16-member board appointed by the Governor, whose purpose
is to review the state's ground-water system and the regulatory framework pertaining to ground water and to
recommend to the Governor, the legislature, and state agencies any legislation or rulemaking necessary to protect
the state's ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: A comprehensive ground-water quality monitoring network has not been developed. Information is
generally collected in response to specific problems.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assesaaent/Aqulfer Study/Mapping
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-507-
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STATE: MONTANA
S.5. Pwmlta/CoDtrol of Discharges to Ground Mater
Description: The Montana Solid Waste Management Act prohibits the disposal of solid waste, or any constituent of
it, from being discharged into the water, Including ground water. DHES/SWMB licenses public landfills and
hazardous waste disposal sites.
The Department of Health and Environmental Sciences WQB manages a ground-water permit program and requires
cleanup of spills under the Water Quality Act.
The Water Well Contractors Act provides for the licensing of water well drillers in order to provide a means
for the development of underground water in an orderly, sanitary, and reasonable manner. The Board of Water Well
Contractors oversees the licensing of water well drillers. While licensing is done, no agency ensures that the
regulations are being followed.
The Division of Oil and Gas Conservation Is responsible for the protection of fresh water aquifers during
drilling operations, and from disposal of produced waters either through injection or disposal in pits.
FT 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The Water Quality Bureau of the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences enforces the
Sanitation in Subdivisions Act which regulates septic tanks/ drainfields in subdivisions of two or more houses.
Ground-water programs at the local level regulate septic tanks/dralnfields for individual houses.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: Underground storage tanks are not regulated, but contamination from leaking tanks is investigated
and responsible parties are required to clean up the contamination as specified by the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otter:
Mining Regulation; The Strip Mine Act does not allow new atrip or underground coal mining if the mine would
damage the quality of surface water or underground water systems. The Department of State Lands is responsible
for the protection of ground water from new mining activities, and cooperates with the Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences in reviewing impacts.
Contamination/Compensation; The Major Facility Siting Act allows the owner of an interest in real property who
obtains his supply of water from surface or underground sources to recover damages for contamination.
-508-
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8TATB GROCTP-ttATBR PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATB: IORTH DAKOTA
1. UTORB OF TBB GROOM-WATER RBSOORCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologio Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmiaaivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTiaee A:
Physiographic
Region/ProvlBee B:
Physiographic
Reglon/ProTinoe
C:
Percent of state ooTered
by thla province (eatiaated)
Dnconfined Aquifer (a)
The southwestern corner
of the state is un-
glaciated, with
Tertiary and
Cretaceous rock out-
er opplngs. Aquifers
in this region in-
clude the Dakota,
Pierre, and Fox Hills-
Hell Creek of the
Cretaceous Age. The
Fort Union Aquifer ia
from the Tertiary Age.
The remainder of the
state is covered by
glacial debris. The
Glacial Drift aquifer
is of the Quaternary
Age.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: The Missouri River divides the two regions.
-509-
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STATE: IORTH DAIOTA
1.2. Primary D*ea of Ground Water ma Percent of Total Oaage
DM
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural8
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Oround Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hater
52a 59
2 25
*6 37
100 46
^Domestic/rural Included in PWS.
1.3. Population Reliance on Oround Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1984
Percent
ground
of population relying on
water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
j
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
351 18| 53%
225,000 118,000 343,000
i
-510-
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2.1.
STATE: 10HTH DAEOTA
Sources (Check Major aouroes of oontaal nation and rank top four — 1 «
2 • next aeat aerioua, etc.)
it aarloua,
Souroa Qtaok Bank
S«ptio tanks X
Municipal land fills X
On-aite industrial X
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other land f ilia X 3
Surface impoundments X 1
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pita* X
Underground storage X 2
tanks
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Check lank
X *
X
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify):
Increased total dissolved solids concentrations from oil and gas
activities.
Arsenic contamination in the southeast portion of the state is currently
under review as a Superfund site. The source of contamination is
uncertain.
aBrine pits are illegal. However, the state has minor problems with reclamation of drilling fluid reserve pits.
Note: Man-caused contamination of aquifers has been limited to small isolated areas and to aquifers of poor
quality.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Xa
X
~
X
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
xc
Hydrocarbons.
^Arsenic contamination in the southeastern part of the state is a Superfund site. It is being studied to
determine if tne elevated levels of arsenic in the ground water are due to the use of arsenic trloxide for
grasshopper control in 1930s and 1940s or if these elevated levels are from natural occurring geologic
conditions. At the present time, 470 wells have been analyzed.
Bacteriological.
-511-
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STATE: MOUTH DAKOTA
3. STATE GROUID-VATBH MAIAGBMBIT STBOCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute aaae/Vo.
Deaerlptlon of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
General water pollution
control
Control, Prevention, and Abatement of
Pollution of Surface Waters
Chapter 61-28, NDCCa
Act gives the state authority to prevent
pollution of state waters, including
ground water. (Health Department)
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Water Quality Standards
Chapter 83-16-02, NDAC6
The rules focus primarily on surface
water, but Include ground water. (Health
Department)
Solid waste
Solid Waste Management and Land
Protection Act
Chapter 23-29, NDCC
Act gives state authority to regulate
the storage, collection, transportation,
and disposal of solid wastes. (Health
Department)
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Management
Chapter 23-20.3, NDCC
Act gives state authority to regulate
hazardous waste from the time of
generation through disposal. (Health
Department)
Mining
Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation
Operations
Article 69-05.2, NDAC
The rules contain performance standards
for hydrologic balance and ground-water
protection. (Public Service Commission)
Oil and gas
Control of Gas and Oil Resources Act
Chapter 38-08, NDCC
Act gives state authority to regulate
oil and gas production and injection of
produced waters. (Industrial Commission,
Oil and Gas Division)
Other (specify):
UIC
Water wells
Subsurface Mineral Exploration and
Development Act
Chapter 38-12, NDCC
Water Well Construction
Chapter 33-18-01, NDAC
Act gives state authority to regulate
UIC Class III injection wells and sub-
surface minerals. (Industrial Commission
Office of State Geologist)
The rules set standards for the
construction of water wells monitoring
wells, geothermal return wells, etc.
(Health Department)
*NDCC
bNDAC
Notes:
North Dakota Century Code (law).
North Dakota Administrative Code (rules).
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-512-
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STATE: MITE DAKOTA
3.2.2. DevelopMOt of aramd-Hater Polloy
3.2.2.1. Is there • ground-inter policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Task Force (The State Department of Health is the lead agency.)
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
In the FY 1981-65 state EPA agreement the state had a priority strategy to develop and implement a plan
to protect state ground-water and drinking water aquifers. The ground-water strategy's primary focus will be
prevention of ground-water contamination. Program elements will include pollution control policies, emergency
response, data collection and research, and program management. A task force is being established to ensure that
the strategy reflects all views on how ground water should be managed; it will be composed of individuals from
•gencies which are involved in managing ground water.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Polloy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Motes:
3.2.4. Polloy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes Ko X
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
The state's water quality standards were developed for surface water, but they include all waters of the
state.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-513-
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STATE: BORTH DAKOTA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Industrial
Commission, Oil
and Gas Division
Department of
Health
Department of
Agriculture
Fire Marshall
Water Commission
Industrial
Commission, Office
of the State
Geologists
Public Service
Commission
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
DIC*
X<
xc
xh
PWSb
X
PEC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
X
Ground-
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
X
Protec-
tion
froo
Road
De-icing
X
Other
Xf
XB
i
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dUIC delegation for Class II.
*UIC delegation for Classes I, IV, and V.
^Responsible for regulation of underground storage tanks.
gWater appropriation.
hUIC delegation for Class III.
-514-
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3.*. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: IOHTH DAKOTA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
State draft policy will include development of a committee to
deal with ground water.
Agreements between the Health Department and the State
Industrial Commission, Office of the State Geologist.
Various cooperative agreements between the Survey, the Water
Commission, and the Health Department for special studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Hesource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Entire state has been mapped for ground water; general
chemistry of ground water in all counties is available.
All public water supplies are monitored .
Numerous waste disposal and spill sites are monitored.
-515-
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STATE: IOBTB DAKOTA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Nooitorii« Program
Type* of Nonltoriot
Non-hazard oua
Mate sites
Hazardous mate sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Permit-assoc iited
monitoring wells
Gbeok
x
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
State has monitored 20 minor potential contamination
sites.
See "Other" section below.
State randomly samples ground-water supplies and
analyzes for volatile and synthetic organics
(pesticides) — ten last year.
State has monitored 1,380 public water supply wells.
Network monitoring wells are operated to collect
baseline water quality data.
State has 145 monitoring wells associated with RCRA,
NPDES, or UIC permits.
Monitoring
Data
Computer iced
(Cheok)
X
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Micro-
computer
aoftware
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
— ^^^ Context
Approaches ^~~^~->^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground- Regulation
tfct«r Permit Adoption,
Issues Issuance Changes
X X
X X
X
X X
X
Specific
Ground-
Water
Strategy Other
X
X
X
X
X
Notes: The state provides a comment period (at least 30 days), as well as public notices to individuals and
county newspapers. The state also presents new and revised regulations to the Health Council for consideration,
approval, and adoption (quarterly meetings). Copies of documents are made available to various libraries for
review. Press releases are provided to the state's news media to encourage public review and comment on the
various documents.
-516-
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STATE I MOBTH DAKOTA
4, ITATI XMPLIMIIRATXM QT FlfilRAL HOOKAHS TO MOTICT OROOHD VATKR
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Prognui
Status of Procw Delegation
Stat*
Ausual/lioteworthy
Agency Program Characteristics
DIC
Delegated, 1425, aaaa II
Delegated, Class II
Delegated, Class I, IT, and V
Industrial Commission,
Oil and Gas Division
Industrial Commission,
Office of the State Geologist
Department of Health
RCRA
Tentative 9/84 delegation
Department of Health
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture
-517-
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STATE: MOUTH DAKOTA
4.2. Grant Status
Orant
1985 Allocation
Specific Oround-Water
ProJeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$218,000
$100,000
For development of ground-water strategy,
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1476,640
RCRA
Section 3011
$252,000
UIC
$124,100
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$153,044 $30,000 of the grant is being used by the Department
of Health to identify environmental impacts on ground
water resulting from the use of pesticides.
-518-
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STATE: MOUTH DAKOTA
5. KATI-OHIOIIIATBD OROOND-WATBH PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: In the FT 1964/65 state/EPA agreement, the state had a priority strategy to develop and implement a
plan to protect state ground-water and drinking water aquifers. The ground-water strategy's primary focus will be
prevention of ground-water contamination. Program elements will include pollution control policies, emergency
response, data collection and research, and program management. A task force is being established to ensure that
the strategy reflects all views on how ground water should be managed; it will be composed of Individuals from
agencies which are involved in managing ground water. State funding is difficult to estimate.
FT 1965 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: EPA 106 grant
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The state has monitored 1,360 public water supply wells, 20 minor potential contamination sites, and
145 monitoring wells associated with RCRA, NPDES, or DIG permits. Network monitoring wells are operated to
collect baseline water quality data.
FY 1961 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The entire state has been mapped for ground water, and the general chemistry in all of the counties
has been recorded.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The state will conduct two separate studies: 1) identification of potential environmental impacts
resulting from the use of lordon in the Turtle Mountains; and 2) identification of pesticides In the public water
supply systems.
FY 1985 Funding: $35,000
Funding Source: FIFRA
-519-
-------
STATE: BOITH DAKOTA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Local health units regulate aeptic tank/drainfield systems. The areas not covered by local health
units are permitted by the state.
FX 19&4 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The State Fire Marshall regulates the installation of fuel tanks and uses the National Fire
Protection Association standards.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: A small fund has been established to contract drilling equipment to investigate contamination sites
where a responsible party can not be identified.
FY 1985 Funding: $10,000
Funding Source: EPA 106 ground-water strategy
5.9. Other
-520-
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arm OBOOTTO-BATBR HOOKAH SOMMAHT
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
1. MATURE OP THE GRODMD-VATBB IBSODICB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and nydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physlographio
Region/Province A:
Pfayslographio
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
legion/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
ODCoafiaad Aqulfer(s)
In eastern South Dakota,
usable ground water is
mainly in shallow
glacial aquifers, with
SOBS water coming from
deeper bedrock aquifers.
The Big Sioux Aquifer is
the primary ground-water
source for domestic
water systems.
Western South Dakota was
not glaciated and deep
bedrock aquifers are
the major source of
ground water. The
Black Hills area is
the exception, as the
aquifers are not so
deep and are considered
recharge aquifers.
Much of the ground water
in the western part of
the state is highly
mineralized. The Pre-
Cambrian and Ogallala are
relatively fresh.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
Notes: Ground water throughout the state is generally hard.
-521-
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STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Commercial
Other
Total
% of Total 1 Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
13
5
68
3
2
9
100 49
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
499
339,000
Domestic
Hells
35%
217,000
Total
85*
586,000
-522-
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STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of conta
2 r next Boat serious, etc.)
mination and rank top four — 1 * Boat serious,
Source
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify):
Petroleum products
storage
Improperly
plugged wells8
Check lank
X 3
X
X H
X
X
X 2
X
X 1
X
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
aThese wells are the partial cause of leaking artesian aquifers with
mineralized water leaking to fresher water sources.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
—
X
X
X
_ X
X
Radioactive material X
Pesticides
X
Other (specify) Xa
80il and gas.
-523-
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STATE: BOOTH DAKOTA
3. STATB G100ID-HATER NAIAGENER 3TOCTUBB
3.1. State Statutes ParteiBlaB to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by SUtute
Statute laae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Proteotioo
General water pollution
control
General Water Pollution
Control Statutes
Statutes give state authority to regulate
pollution of state waters.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
General Hater Pollution
Control Statutes
Covered under general water pollution
control.
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-524-
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STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
3.2.2. Derelonaent of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Tes _X Mo __
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering comnlttee: Department of Water and Natural Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
As part of Its policy development process South Dakota is conducting an extensive study on ground-water
quality and areal extent of aquifers. The state has identified 138 aquifers. The study is in the final stages of
aquifer Identification. Present policy is to identify aquifers and water quality. The State/EPA Agreement also
Includes development of a ground-water policy/strategy.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3*2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-525-
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STATE: SOUTH DAKOTA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Water and Natural
Resources
Department of
Agriculture
Ground -
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
OIC*
X
PWSb
X
PE°
X
Other
X*
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
etc.
X
Ground -
Water
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
Xd
al)IC i Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Th
e department also implements Oil and Gas, and Rural Waste Water Disposal programs.
-526-
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STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
3.4. Inter Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cheek if
Applicable
Description of Agreeawota
and Agencies
3*5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Ground-water quality mapping for all of eastern South Dakota is
complete. Ground-water quality mapping of western South Dakota
should be complete by August 1964. Maps include isopach and
TDS. Additionally, the state is conducting a detailed water
quality study of the Big Sioux aquifer. Report and maps should
be complete In December 1961.
-527-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
3.6. State Qround-ltater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate altea
Hazardous waste aitea
Salt irater
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Quantity monitoring
Check
Z
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Site monitoring.
RCRA and Superfund related.
Rural Clean Water Project at Oakwood Poinaette.
Otherwise alte specific only.
No network of ground-water quality monitoring except
site-specific near pollution sources. Most of the
monitoring is public water system monitoring for
Safe Drinking Water Act compliance.
Quantity monitoring is networked and is used to
monitor water levels in major use aquifers. Monitor-
ing is periodic throughout the year.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Cbeck)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7* State Programs for Public Participation
^^^ Context
Approaches " ^__^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify):
Unspecified participation
for Issuance of water
rights permits
General Specific
Ground- Hegulation Ground -
tktar Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
X
X X
X X X X
X
X
-528-
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STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
4. STAtt XMPLBIBITATXOI OF FEDERAL FBOOIAMS TO P10TBCT GiOOID VATEB
4.1. ProgrM Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Onusual/Boteworthy
Cbaraoteriatlos
me
Delegated, Class XI
Department of Water
and Natural Resources
Class I, XXI, IV, V delegation
under negotiation.
RCRA
Tentative decision to
delegate: 9/84
Department of Water
and Natural Resources
PWS
Delegated
Department of Water
and Natural Resources
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture
-529-
-------
4.2. Grant Status
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJects/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$358,000 Development of management approaches to ground-water
strategy: $133,000.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(j)
4119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$476,610
RCRA
Section 3011
$252,000
UIC
$57,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$113,000 Pesticide contamination sampling:
Farm chemical disposal site study: $20,000.
Chemigation education:
-530-
-------
STATE: SOOTH DAKOTA
5. STATE-OBIGIMTED GROOID-VATBR PBOTBCTXOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Qround-ltater Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: See FT 1985 SEA.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: There is no network for ground-water quality monitoring except at specific sites near pollution
sources. Quantity monitoring la networked and is used to monitor water levels in major use aquifers. Monitoring
is periodic throughout the year.
FT 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: 106
5.3. Ground-Mater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study /Napping
Description: South Dakota is conducting an extensive study on ground-water quality and areal extent of
aquifers. The study is in the final stages, and to date the state has identified 138 aquifers. Ground-water
quality mapping for all of eastern South Dakota is complete, and mapping for the western part of the state was
expected to be completed by August 1964. A detailed water quality study of the Big Sioux Aquifer is also being
conducted.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: 205(J)
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Oakwoods Poinsette Rural Clean Water Project for development of best management practices.
FY 1984 Funding: $1,400,000
Funding Source: USDA
-531-
-------
STATK: MOTH DAKOTA
5.5. Permita/Control of Dlsonargea to Ground Hater
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*6. Septic Muageawnt Prognui
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otber
-532-
-------
STATE OBOCTTO-MATEB PIOCHAM SUMMART.
STATE: UTAH
1. IAT01B OP THE GROUND-HATES BBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlc Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologloal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, tranamisaivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Cbaracterlatica
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Basin/Range Province
Physiographic
Begl on/Province B:
Middle Rocky
Mountain Province
Physiographic
Begion/Province C:
Colorado Plateau
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconflned Aqulfer(s)
The Basin and Range
Province covering most
of western Utah is
very complex, con-
sisting of unconsol-
idated and consolidated
valley fill, along with
multiple aquifers.
Ground water is the
primary water source
as the region is very
dry.
This province covers
north central Utah.
Springs are the major
water source. Deep
ground water consists
of small aquifers in
valley fill that have
not been highly
developed, but in some
oases have been
over-used (mined).
The Colorado Plateau covers
the central, east, and
southeast portions. Bed-
rock aquifers are
prevalent, and can be
prolific (Navajo Sand-
atone), but are highly
variable. Some shallow
ground water is used
along major drainages.
A large area west and
south of the Great Salt
Lake is highly saline.
The highly populated
areas along the Wasatch
Front all use ground
water, at least as a
back-up source. Uncon-
fined aquifers in this
area are often poor
quality. Thus, wells in
these areas are mostly in
confined valley fill
formations.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-533-
-------
STATE: HUB
1.2. Primary Oaea of around Hater M Percent of Total Onge
Dae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hitar
11 2.5
9 1.5
67 8
10 .2
100 12.2
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1984
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
54*
864,000
Domestic
Hells
ion
160,000
Total
64*
1,024,000
-534-
-------
STATE: UTAH
2.1. aonroM (Cheek major sources of contamination and rank top four
2 • next most serious, «to.)
— 1 »
at serious,
Souroe Cheek lank
Septic tanks
Municipal land f ilia
On-alte industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pita)
Oil and gas brine pits Xa
Underground storage X
tanks
Source Check tank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Other (specify):
Geneva U.S. Steel site, Kennecott Copper Mine, oil refinery and atorage
aites.
"Brine pumping and disposal has occurred as a result of mineral exploration;
this has resulted in domestic well closings in the Utah Basin.
"Includes above- and below-ground storage tanks.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
'Bacteriological.
-535-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3. STATE GBOUHMUTER MANAGEMENT STBDCTDRB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Water Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute lame/No.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Pollution Control Act
The act glvea the Hater Pollution Control
Committee the authority to develop and
implement programs for the prevention,
control, and abatement of new or existing
pollution of atate waters (including
ground water).
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
State Hater Law
Law gives State Engineer authority to
protect ground-water quality.
Solid waste
Solid and Hazardous Haste Act
See next item.
Hazardous waste
Solid and Hazardous Haste Act
This act gives the Solid and Hazardous
Haste Committee authority to develop and
implement a hazardous waste policy.
Mining
Oil and gas
Conservation of Oil and Gas Statute
This statute gives the Division of Oil,
Gas and Mining authority to regulate
Class II injection wells and related pits
and ponds.
Other (specify):
Aquatic Wildlife Act
This act gives the Wildlife Board
authority to protect waters necessary for
wildlife purposes.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-536-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering eoanittee: Resource Development Coordinating Comnlttee
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Resource Development Coordinating Committee has been charged by the Governor to develop ground-water
policy. A public hearing on the policy was held in June 1984. Comments have been addressed, and Committee and
Governor approval were expected by August 1984. The policy is very brief and general, and asserts the state's
leadership role with respect to ground-water quantity, and protection of quality. Their policy calls for .the
Department of Health to develop a more comprehensive strategy beginning In 1985.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Ground-water quality standards are used for drinking water sources.
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3- Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
The regulations they use are from the Safe Drinking Hater Act.
-537-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Health, Division
of Environmental
Health
Department of
Agriculture
State Engineer
Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of Oil,
Gas and Mining
Department of
Natural Resources,
Division of
Geologic and
Mineral Survey
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
X
DIG8
X*
Xe
PKSb
X
PBC
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
•to.
X
X
X
X
Ground -
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conaer-
Tation
Mining
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Hater System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dUIC Class I, III, IV, and V delegation.
eUIC Class II delegation; oil and gas production regulation.
-538-
-------
STATE: UTAH
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X .
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Resource Development Coordinating Committee (RDCC) is
charged by the Governor to develop ground-water policy. The
committee is largely composed of representatives from the
Divisions of Environmental Health, Hater Rights, Water Resources
and Oil, and Gas and Mining, and is now beginning to look at how
the policy will be implemented.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
The Division of Hater Rights (State Engineer) and USGS have a
50-50 cooperative agreement to evaluate the state's water
resources ($650,000). Hlth this funding, ground-water quantity
and/or quality studies are performed in areas deemed
necessary; Salt Lake County Jordan Aquifer Study was done.
The Division of Hater Rights and USGS are performing ground-
water mapping in the Units Basin and the Paradox Basin.
-539-
-------
STATEt UTAH
3.6. State Qround-ltatflr Monitoring Program
Types of Monltorlis
Non-hazardous
waste altea
Hazardous waste sltea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Water quantity
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Regular quality assessments are performed on
approximately 50 of these veils. In fully
appropriated basins, the Water Commissioners
require individual metering.
The Division of Water Rights operates a monitoring
network of approximately 250 wells to determine
fluctuations in water quantity.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
( Check)
•ame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
Context
Approaches
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
HhUr Permit Adoption. Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X
-540-
-------
3TATB: UTAH
4. STATS ll»LBMnTATIOI OP PBDB1AL PBOORAHS TO P10TBCT OROtJID MATBR
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Status of Program Delegation
Stata Implementing Agency
ObuauKl/lotaNortbj
Prograa Cteraoterlatios
DIC
Claas II
Classes I, III, IV, V
Division of Oil, Gas,
Mining
Division of Environmental
Health
RCRA
Tentative decision to delegate
Division of Environmental
Health
Hazardous Waste Committee set up
as oversight authority; all
regulatory changes and major
enforcements need Committee
approval.
PUS
Delegated
Division of Environmental
Health
Progressive program in many areas:
data management, new technology
assessment, and compliance rating.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture
-541-
-------
STATE: UTAH
4.2. Qnutt 3Utua
Grant
R 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projecta/Taaks and Budget
Clean Hater lot
Section 106
$384,000
Ground-Niter strategy development: $67,000.
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(J)
$128,900
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(g)
$515,600
RCRA
Section 3011
$257,000
DIG
$1U2,500
Ground-water strategy development: $67,000.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$85,000
-542-
-------
STATEt UTAH
5. Srm-OBiaDMTBD OIOUID-VATII F10TICTIO* PMOIAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The Resource Development Coordinating Committee
-------
STUB: OTiH
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Division of Oil, Gas and Mining has authority over surface disposal of waters produced in oil
and gas development and production. The Division of Environmental Health has regulatory authority over surface
disposal of produced waters (oil/gas) off the production site.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Stormge/OndergrouDd Storage Tank Programs
Description: The State Fire Marshall has regulatory authority over construction/installation of flammable liquid
storage tanks for certain types of buildings only (i.e., educational, institutional, state-owned, and assembly
halls). There is no state inspection of underground storage tanks.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-544-
-------
STATE GRODTD-WATBR PBOGBAM SPMMABT
STATE: VIOMIBG
1. BATORE Of THE OBOOBD-VATBB BESODBCE
1.1. Geologic and Bydrologle Gbaraeteriatloa. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmiaslvity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Phyaiographic
Begion/Provinoe A:
Phyaiographlo
Begion/ProTioce B:
Phyaiographio
Begion/Provlnc
e C:
Peroeot of atate covered
by tola province (aatlaated)
Otoooofiaad Aquifer(a)
Western Wyoming is a
mountainous region with
north-south trending
mountains of plutonic
and metamorphic rock,
with long areas oovered
by overthrust old
sediments.
A sedimentary basin and
high plains cover the
rest of the atate.
Ground water is mainly
from these sedimentary
basins of Tertiary and
Cretaceous rook. Oil is
produced primarily from
the Cretaceous rocks.
Major aquifers in the
southeastern part of the
state are the Ogallala,
Arikaree, and White River
formations, all of the
Tertiary age. The
Madison Limestone is a
major aquifer in north-
eastern and north-central
Wyoming. Alluvial
aquifers are also used,
with the North Platte
River alluvium being the
most used aquifer.
Confined Aquifer (a)
-545-
-------
STATE: HZOMIHG
1.2. Primary Oaea of Oround Hater aa Percent of Total Omage
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Miscellaneous
Total
% of Total f Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
5
5a
80
5
5
100
Primarily secondary recovery of oil and gas.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
3«.1»
133,000
Domestic
Wells
17*
70,000
Total
51*
203,000
-546-
-------
STATE: HTQHIMO
3.11 SouroM (Cteok MJOT aouro«a of ooBtaiination and rude top four — 1 • Boat Mrioua,
2 • next Boat Mrioua, a to.)
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X
Municipal landfills
On-aite Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits X
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining X
Petroleum refinery X
activities
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-547-
-------
STATE: VXONXNQ
3. 5IATI GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subjeot Monitored by Statute
Statute Naae/No.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Mater Protection
General water pollution
control
Environmental Quality Act
Act gives atate Department of
Environmental Quality authority to protect
ground-water resources.
Ground-Hater quality
(including public health
standards)
Hater and Irrigation Laws
Laws give State Engineer authority to
require abatement of conditions
responsible for ground-water pollution.
Solid waste
Article 5, Wyoming Environmental
Quality Act
Authority to regulate aolid waste
management authorities.
Hazardous waste
Mining
Environmental Quality Act
Gives Land Quality Division authority to
regulate all types of mining and mineral
exploration.
Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Laws
Laws give state authority to regulate
construction of oil and gas production
wells, salt water disposal wells, oil and
gas exploration (seismic drill holes), and
brine disposal pits.
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-548-
-------
STATE: VTONXHG
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes I No _
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering eonolttee: Hater Quality Division
3.2.2.3. Describe developnent process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes: The Wyoming Environmental Quality Act contains the following policy statement: "It is the policy and
purpose of the Act to enable the state to prevent, reduce and eliminate water pollution, and to preserve and
enhance the water and reclaim the land of Wyoming, and to retain for the state control over its water."
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X No
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
Class I - Domestic use.
Class II - Agricultural use.
Class III - Livestock.
Class IV - Class special (A) - suitable for fish and aquatic life.
Class V - Industry; quality standards vary with the type of industry.
Class VI - Hydrocarbon deposits or other minerals; considered a geothermal resource.
Class VII > Unsuitable for any use.
Discharges to ground waters in the first four classes are prohibited unless water can be returned to its original
quality.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3*2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-549-
-------
STATE: VTOMING
3.3« State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Quality, Water
Quality Division*1
Department of
Environmental
Quality, Land
Quality Division
State Engineer
Oil and Gas
Conservation
Commission
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
RCRA
j
DIC*
X
X6
PWSb
PEC
Other
Xf
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
•to.
Ground -
Water
Quality
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
Xe
Xe
Protec-
tion
fron
Road
De-icing
Other
X
X*
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division regulates UIC Class I, III, IV, and V wells; issues
commercial septic tank permits, and all septic tank permits in nondelegated counties; and issues permits for surface
impoundments.
eThe Land Quality Division and the Water Quality Division Jointly issue on-slte mining permits. The State Engineer has
authority to protect ground water, but presently has a limited role.
fSurface Mining Act.
gThe Oil and Gas Conservation Commission administers the UIC Class II program, regulates construction of oil and gas
wells, has construction standards for evaporative pits, and has authority to require repair of such pits.
-550-
-------
STATE: VXONING
3.1. Xater-Ageaoy Agreements
Toploa
Protection of apeclfic aquifera
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water diaohargaa
Underground injection control
Ground -water contamination incidents
Geological aurvey
Other (apecify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreementa
and Ag*nolea
A Memorandum of Onderatanding exists between the Department of
Environmental Quality, the State Engineer, and the Oil and Gas
Conservation Commission concerning permitting of aalt water
disposal impoundments.
A Memorandum of Understanding exists between the Department of
Environmental Quality, the State Engineer, and the Oil and Gaa
Conservation Commission concerning permitting of injection wells
for disposal of produced waters and oil and gas wastes. The
Department of Environmental Quality and the State Engineer may
comment on such permits before they are Issued by the Oil and
Gas Conservation Commission.
A Memorandum of Agreement exists between the Wyoming Oil and
Gas Conservation Committee, the State Engineer, the State
Geologist, and the Department of Environmental Quality
concerning review of applications for injection wells to
insure compliance with all state statutes.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Aotlvities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (apecify)
Check if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Reconnaissance of the entire state has been completed jointly by
the State Engineer/USOS. A hydrologlc atlas series has been
published . Presently specific areas are being intensively
mapped and modeled. The southeast quarter of the state has been
completed. There are approximately four intensive studies
ongoing at any one time. Present budget is approximately
» 320, 000 /year. This activity is shared 50/50 by USGS and the
State Engineer. A water quality atlas was developed by EPA
under a contract with the University of Wyoming. This data is
being updated by the University on an ongoing-basis. The budget
was 4500,000.
The state is requiring operator studies at several sites with
input from the state.
-551-
-------
ST1TB: WYOMIMG
3*6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Pragma
Types of Nooltorlog
Non-hazard ou a
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Public water
supply monitoring
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progra*
At selected sites per condition of state permit
Issued by the Department of Enviroaental Quality.
The State Engineer oversees the state-wide observation
well network, with some USGS participation. There are
approximately 21 wells In the network, one-half having
continuous recorders. Well locations are changed as
sufficient data are collected, and data from other areas
are needed. Some ground-water quality monitoring is
performed during intensive ground-water studies. DEQ
or project permittees perform ground-water quality
monitoring for specific sites (approximately 50 studies
in FY 1981).
Ground-water quality monitoring is also performed by
public water supplies for Safe Drinking Water Act
compliance.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
Ba»e of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^-^^^ Context
Approaches --^___^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
HhUr Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
X X
X X*
X X
Xb
aAppeal of permit denial.
bLand quality guidance.
-552-
-------
STATS j VXONHO
4. STATE IHPUIHENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTBCT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Prograa
Stetua of Program Delegation
State
Unusual /Noteworthy
Progru Qwraoterlatlos
DIG
Delegated: Class IX
Delegated: Classes I, III,
IV, V
Oil and Oas Conservation
C omission
Departoent of
Environmental Quality
RCRA
Not delegated
PWS
Not delegated
Pesticides
Enforcement
Not delegated
-553-
-------
STATE: MTOMHG
4.2. Grant Statue
Grant
1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
ProJeeta/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$192,000
Ground-water program development: amount not specified.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$476,640
Small waatewater facilities: $177,000.
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,000
UIC
$202,000
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
-554-
-------
STATE: VTOMIIG
5. STITB-ORIGIiiTBD CRODMD-HATER PBOTBCTIOI PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: A reconnaissance of the entire state has been completed Jointly by the State Engineer and the
USGS. A hydrologic atlas series has been published. Presently specific areas are being intensively mapped and
modeled; the southeast quarter of the state has been completed. There are approximately four intensive studies
ongoing at any one time.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Some ground-water quality monitoring is performed during intensive ground-water studies. The
Department of Environmental Quality or project permittees perform ground-water quality monitoring for specific
sites (approximately 50 studies in FY 1984). Ground-water quality monitoring is also performed by public water
systems for Safe Drinking Water Act compliance.
The State Engineer oversees the state-wide observation well network, with some USGS participation. There are
approximately 21 wells in the network, one-half having continuous recorders. Hell locations are changed as
sufficient data are collected, and data from other areas are needed.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-555-
-------
STATE: VTOMHO
5.5. FamiU/Control of OlMbargM to Ground Hater
Description: The Department of Environmental Quality laauea permits for aurfaoe faollitiaa with ground-water
impacts. The Department also oversees delegated county implementation of the Snail Vaatewater Paoility Program.
A Memorandum of Understanding exists between the Department, the State Engineer, and toe Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission concerning permitting of injection wells for disposal of produced waters and oil and gas wastes.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*6. Septic ManagemwDt Program
Description: The Water Quality Division of the Department of Environmental Quality issues commercial aeptio tank
permits and all aeptio tank permits in non-delegated counties.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Dnderground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Department of Fire Prevention and Electrical Safety baa authority to require tanks to be tested
if there is reasonable cause to believe leakage la occurring, and can require repair or replacement if necessary.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other:
Mining Regulations; The Land Quality and Hater Quality Divisions jointly issue on-slte mining permits.
-556-
-------
REGION IX
-------
8TATB GR001P-UATBR PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: 1RIZOIA
1. MATURE OF THE OROOND-MATER HESODRCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologies Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Colorado Plateau
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Basin/Range Province
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Central Highlands Province
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Obconfined Aquifer(s)
The north and north-
eastern third of the
state is referred to as
the Colorado Plateau,
which is a relatively
flat section of land
composed of consolidated
sedimentary rocks with
very little alluvium.
Ground-water levels range
from flowing at the land
surface to greater than
2,500 feet and well yields
vary widely but range up
to several hundred gpm.
The principal aquifer
serving the area is the
Coconino-Supal where
depths to water range
from 0 to greater than
1000 feet.
The Basin and Range
Province comprises 45> of
the area of the state.
Ground water is found in
the alluvial valleys
between the mountain
blocks. Variations in
depth to water, chemical
quality, well yields, and
recharge potential exist,
but ground water
generally occurs under
similar geologic and
hydrologic conditions.
The major aquifers in
the province consist of
interbedded clays, silts,
sands and gravels.
The Central Highlands
Province is the smallest
of the three Arizona
provinces.
Ground-water occurrence
and availability In the
Central Highlands is
governed by the local
structural attitude of
the rocks, subsurface and
surface material, degree
of cementation and consol-
idation of the sediments
which fill the small
valleys between the
relatively impermeable
volcanic mountain blocks,
and the amounts of re-
charge available from
surface runoff. The
mountain blocks offer
very little potential for
development of ground water
except in places where the
rocks are fractured or
large solution cavities
have formed, thus
providing space for the
storage of ground water.
Small valleys filled with
unconsolidated sediments
are the main sources of
ground water.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Significant areas of the
Cooonino-Supai and
N-multiple aquifer system
are under confined
conditions. Local
confined conditions are
also found in the numerous
small, discontinuous
aquifer systems present on
the Colorado Plateau.
-557-
-------
STATE: AJRIZOM
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Water as Percent of Total Oamge
DM
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except Buniclpal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify):
Mining
Total
% of Total
around Hater
9
89
2
100
% Ground Water
of Total Water
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking miter
Number of people relying on
ground Mater for drinking water
Public Water
Systems
60»a
Domestic
Wells
Total
90*
2,600,000
"Approximately 1,393 public water systems, serving a population of 1,685,775,
use solely ground water.
-558-
-------
STATE: ARIZONA
Z.I. Sources (Check major aouroea of contamination and rank top four — 1 • moat aerious,
2 • next Boat aerloua, etc.)
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills X*
Surface impoundments X*
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage Xa
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
Contamination ia associated with high technology industries, specifically
aircraft and electronics.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
X8
xb
xb
.^_
Metals =
Radioactive material
Pesticides
xa
Other (specify)
hundred and thirteen wells with volatile organic contamination were identified at seventeen sites. The most
common contaminants were trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Thirty-two drinking water wells exceeded the
state action level of 5 ppb (g/1) triohloroethylene (ICE) and most were subsequently removed from service or
converted to nonpotable use. Remedial investigations are currently being conducted and costs to date are in
excess of $6 million. Highly contaminated water occurred In perched layers or shallow ground water at most sites
and cascading wells or shallow wells with perforations in the upper strata were most frequently contaminated.
Disposal of solvents in sanitary landfills was the cause of contamination at the greatest number of sites.
However, injection (dry) wells, Impoundments, and leaking tanks and lines were the sources at the moat highly
contaminated sites.
"Usually naturally occurring.
-559-
-------
STATE: ARIZONA
3. STATE CROWD-WATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/No.
Deacription of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Chapter 16
One article deals with water pollution
control, another article with water
quality control.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Revised Statutes 36.1851-36.1884
Revised Statutes 45-565.5
Statutes will allow a state ground-water
permitting program.
Ground-water management/protection.
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Revised Statutes 36-2821-36-2825
Permit requirements for hazardous waste
facilities include ground-water protection
and monitoring requirements.
Mining
Oil and gas
Revised Statutes 27-101 et seq
Other (specify)
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
X
-560-
-------
STUB: ARIZOM
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-Mater policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Division of Environmental Health and Department of Water Resources
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The state has an Innovative ground-water policy in which both quantity and quality issues are beginning
to be tied together. In 1980, the Ground-Water Management Act was adopted to control depletion of water resources
In four highly populated areas which the Act calls Active Management Areas. The state has developed ground-water
quality permitting regulations; the Infrastructure for the program was provided by the state legislature funding
19 ground-water positions. There is also a unit to deal with ground-water quality problems. As part of the work
on the 106 ground-water supplement several interagency agreements will be developed.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? yes X No
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
They will be used in ground-water quality permitting and as a basis for enforcing ambient quality.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Any contaminant that would interfere with current or future uses of ground water.
-561-
-------
•TATS I ABXZOM
3.3. StaU Aflmey iMpaMlbilltlw far Ground-Miter Protection
•eapcMlBl*
State
Afonoy
Department of
iBUWrtP"'
Bnriron*ental
Health
Board of Pesticide
Control
Department of
Hater Resources
State Land
Department
Oround-
V*Ur
Policy/
•ulc/
Standard
X
redermUy tolagKt^ Frogru
•au
x«
oie^
X
ras»
X
PB°
X
Other
1
Data
Oollao-
tion,
mWnil fM*
Happing,
•to.
X
X
OnMid-
MaMr
Qumllty
X
X
Soil
CooMr-
vatioo
X
MiaiiV
X
Protec-
tion
from
load
De~ioli«d
Otter
i
*UIC * Underground Injection Control (not delegated).
bPWS * Public Hater System.
CPE c Peaticidea Enforcement.
dNot addressed as a problem needing a management agency yet.
*Phase I inter IB authorization only.
"only on Arizona state land.
-562-
-------
3*4. Inter-Agency Agreements
STATE: ABIZOM
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground -water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Monitoring
Cbeck if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The Department of Hater Resources and the Department of
Health Services manage aquifers in active management areas.
Efforts are underway to conduct a Joint ground-water strategy
project between the Division of Environmental Health and the
Department of Water Resources.
The Department of Water Resources and the Department of Health
Services manage ground-water quality permitting.
The Department of Water Resources and the Division of
Environmental Health.
The Department of Water Resources and the Department of Health
Services .
The Department of Health Services and the Department of Water
Resources are conducting cooperative ground-water monitoring for
organics in wells in several counties.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ground-water resource assessment activities include:
- ground-water and geohydrological studies on approximately
85>-90> of the state.
- ground-water mapping of underlying aquifers for most
portions of the state.
Ambient ground-water quality
About 60J of 205(J) work contributes to this plus the state
ground-water quality permitting notice of disposal also perform
this function. The Department of Water Resources and USGS do
the investigations.
Assessment at waste sites
RCRA 3012, CERCLA 205(J); state doing work with Councils of
Governments and facilities.
Other (specify)
-563-
-------
STATE: AIIZOMA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Pragma
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
TDS
Cbeok
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Landfills in Plna County and Phoenix. NSTF at Globe-
Miami. Under 205 (J) grants, the Department of
Health Services and the Department of Water Resources
are doing cooperative ground-water monitoring in
Marioopa County for organ lea in wells ($50,000). In
addition, the Department of Health Services is
monitoring Lower Miami and Final Creek which are
upstream of water supply for Phoenix for acidity,
heavy metals, and sulfate.
Areas include Goodyear, Tucson TCE, Litohfield Park,
and Indian Bend Wash*
EDB and BCP in Yuma and Maricopa.
The Department of Water Resources submits samples
to USGS to analyze.
Sulfates problems In Globe-Miami mining area.
Monitoring
Data
Computerised
(Cbeok)
Xs
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
STORE!
WATSTORE
to
STORE!
*The majority is not computerized.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^""^--^^^ Context
Approaches "~-^^^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify) :
Internal for the Division of
Environmental Health
General
Ground—
tfctar
laauea
Specific
Regulation Ground-
Permit Adoption, Hater
Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
X*
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
a!he Councils of Government and the Division of Environmental Health meet regularly. The public is notified of
Water Quality Control Council meetings at which issues related to water quality are decided.
-564-
-------
STATE: ARIZOMA
*. STATE IMPLEKSITATIOI OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT QROOMD HATER
4.1. Program Statua
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delagatton
State Implementing Agency
Obuaual/loteworthy
Program Qiaraoterlatioa
DIG
Mot delegated
(DI1 program la pending for
all classes of walla in state
except Navajo Indian lands)
Department of Health
Services
A Claaa V assessment of storm
drains is being conducted with
contract funds to the Maricopa
Association of Governments to
determine the Impact of dry well
disposal of urban storm runoff on
ground-water quality from
commercial areas in Phoenix.
RCRA
Delegated, Phase I
Interim Authorization,
final authorization
pending
Department of Health
Services, Office of
Waste and Hater Quality
Management
The new Office of Haste and Hater
Quality Management combined the
Bureau of Hater Quality Control
and the Bureau of Haste Control.
This should increase coordination
on ground-water impacts of
hazardous substances.
PHS
Delegated
Department of Health
Services
The state requires both community
and non-community public water
aystems to monitor for and comply
with state-regulated chemicals.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Board of Pesticide Control,
Structural Pest Control
Board
The Board of Pesticides has a
good investigatory program of
pesticide use and misuse. In
n 1984, they worked with the
Department of Health Services on
pesticide container disposal oases
which could have resulted in
ground-water problems. The Board
of Peatloides has no ground-water
monitoring program.
-565-
-------
STATE: ABIZOBA
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-tater
ProJeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$450,000
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$165,240
(tentative)
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$660,960
(tentative)
RCRA
Section 3011
$426,500
UIC
$110,900
(assuming primacy)
FIFHA
Section 23(a)(1)
$142,220
-566-
-------
STATE: ARIZONA
5. STATE-ORIGINATED GROOND-HATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Qround-ftater Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has an Innovative ground-water policy in which both quantity and quality issues are
beginning to be tied together. In I960, the Ground-Hater Management Aot was adopted to control depletion of water
resources -in four highly populated areas which the Act calls Active Management Areas. The state has been
developing ground-water permitting regulations, and the infrastructure for the program was provided by the state
legislature providing funding for 19 ground-water positions.
FY 1984 Funding: $665,000
Funding Source: State
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: The Arizona Department of Health Services is monitoring Lower Miami and Final Creek, both of which
are upstream of Phoenix's water supply, for acidity, heavy metals, and sulfate. Monitoring in other problem areas
has been done by various Councils of Governments. Ambient monitoring has and is being conducted for inorganics
(common ions, metals, TDS) in selected basins as part of resource studies by the Department of Water Resources and
uses.
FY 1984 Funding: None available in FY 1984
Funding Source: 208
5.3* Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground water and geohydrological studies have been conducted by the Department of Hater Resources
and USGS on approximately 85$-90> of the state. Ground-water aquifers in most areas have been mapped, although
levels of detail and knowledge vary.
FY 1964 Funding: USGS/Department of Hater Resources cooperative total approximately $1,000,000
Funding Source: State/USGS
5.I. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-567-
-------
STATE: ABIZOU
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Office of Waste and Water Quality Management implements the Ground-Water Permitting Program.
FY 1984 Funding: $35,000
Funding Source: State
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The state's Water Quality Management Plans contain elements related to septic tank failure which
could have an impact on ground water.
FY 1984 Funding: None
Funding Source: 208 in past
i
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Part of the Department of Health Services, Division of Environmental Health deals with ground-water
contamination problems. Various agencies deal with spills, particularly transportation, including the State Fire
Marshall, Departments of Public Safety and Emergency Services.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-568-
-------
STATE GROOMD-HATER PROGRAM SDMMART
STATE: CALIFORNIA
1. MATURE OF THE GROUND-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dnconfined Aquifer(s)
See Note A below.
Confined Aquifer(s)
See Note B below.
Note A: There ae 11 physiographic provinces in California, each with its own water bearing characteristics.
Valley alluvium, coastal terraces, and other areas of essentially unconfined aquifers occur in nine
hydrologic study areas which contain a total of 438 ground-water basins. These basins range in areal extent from
only a few square miles to the Sacto Valley with an area of over 5,000 square miles. There are also 26 foothill
and upland areas consisting mostly of volcanics which contain unconfined ground water. A few ground-water basins
contain 55 aquifers which may be either unconfined, semiconfined or confined. Ground-water basin boundaries are
generally determined on a hydrologic and geologic basis (see Department of Water Resources Bulletin 118 —
California's Ground Water). Basin boundaries in the San Joaquin Valley have been determined after consideration
of political boundaries (see Department of Water Resources Bulletin 118-80).
Note 8: Confined ground water generally occurs at some depth in nearly all 464 ground-water basins and ground-
water upland areas.
-569-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
1.2. Primary Oaea of Ground Water as Peroent of Total Daage
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
f of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
9 HI
6 43
85 39
0.6 90
0.2 50
100 to
Notes: Agriculture is primary use.
1.3- Population Reliance on Ground Water for Drinking Water for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Water Domestic
Systems Wells Total
«,
10,950,000 50,000 11,000,000
-570-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
2.1. Sources (Cbeok major aouroea of oontaarf nation and rank top four
2 * next Boat serious, etc.)
— 1 « wat serious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks
Municipal landfills X*
On-aite industrial Xc
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X8
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Cbeok Bank
Injection mils
Abandoned hazardous X
wast* sites
Regulated hazardous X*1
waste sites
Salt water intrusion Xe
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xf
Road salting
Municipal landfills are most likely a source of contamination. However, no well documented data exists to
estimate the severity of the problem.
bStringfellow in Riverside and Purity Oil Sales in Fresno are examples of this problem.
°Poor disposal of industrial wastes (Aerojet in Sacramento area).
dGround-water contamination is a problem in almost all regulated facilities.
eSalt water intrusion in coast areas resulting from over-pumping.
^Contamination resulting from pesticides and fertilizer-induced nitrates.
8Leaky underground storage tanks from electronics industry.
Note: The most serious sources of contamination are agricultural, hazardous waste sites, and underground storage
tanks.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
\
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
X
x__
X
X
X
X
^^.^—^
X
Radioactive material
Pesticides
X
Other (specify) ___
-571-
-------
STATE: CALIFORBIA
3. STUB OBOUBD-WATBB MIBAQBMBIT STBUCTOBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General Mater pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
Ground-water
Statute Bame/Bo.
Porter-Cologne Hater Quality
Control Act
Health and Safety Code
AB 1803
Health and Safety Code
Division 20, Chapter 65, Article 9.5
Assembly Bill 3566 (KATE)
Toxio Pits Clean Up Act of 1981
Title 14, California Administrative
Code
California Administrative Code,
Titles 22 and 23
Hazardous Waste Control Law
California Administrative Code
Title 23, Chapter 3, Subchapter 15
Assembly Bill 1362 (SHER)
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
This act la the major enabling statute
for the State Water Resources Control
Board and the Regional Water Quality
Control Boards. Both are charged with
protecting the quality of ground water.
Basin Plans (303(e) and WQM Plans) are
developed by the Regional Board to set
goals for ground-water uses and establish
discharge prohibitions. Permitting of
dischargers and enforcement of those
permits is addressed. Adjudication
procedures are outlined. Construction
of waste disposal wells is prohibited
into drinking water quality aquifers.
Law requires the Department of Health
Services to conduct a one-time screening
of all water systems which utilize
ground water to determine the presence of
organic chemicals. Initial screening is
to be followed by a systematic monitoring
program Judged for each public water
system to be relevant and reasonable
based on its screening results.
Prohibits after 6/30/88, the discharge of
liquid hazardous waste to a surface
Impoundment within 1/2 mile of a potential
source of drinking water.
Permits contain waste discharge
requirements of regional water boards
which specify ground-water monitoring
requirements .
Title 22 Implements law and regulates
hazardous waste facilities similar to
RCRA.
Regulates land disposal of overburden and
mining waste.
Statewide local government program for
permitting and monitoring underground
tanks and reporting leaks. The state
develops the regulations and the local
governments Implement the program.
-572-
-------
STATE: CALXPOIIU
3.2. State araund-Vatar Polio?
3.2.1. Status
Ground water oovered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground mter
Polioy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Polioy under development
Cheek
X
z
z
z
-573-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: State Hater Resources Control Board
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (Inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The State Water Resources Control Board has submitted a budget Increase proposal for FT 1985-86 to
develop a State Ground-Water Protection Strategy. The ultimate goal of the strategy is to protect ground-water
quality by preventing toxic and other pollutant discharges from reaching ground water and controlling other
ground-water quality problems by the year 2000.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.1.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Ground waters are classified according to potential uses, such as drinking water supply, industrial
process supply, etc. There is no statewide classification system. Agricultural waters are classified according
to their specific irrigation usage. A priority list of ground-water basins is in existence based on several
criteria, but will be updated with the development of the ground-water protection strategy. Domestic and
municipal waters are classified on an individual basis against water quality criteria contained in water quality
control plans.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Tes Xa No
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
To regulate the quality of water discharged to ground-water basins via permit limitations.
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Inorganic salts.
aVarious hydrologic basins have water quality standards designated for ground-water bodies.
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STATIt CALIPORVIA
3.3. BUt* Ajener IwpeuibllltiM for dramd-Vater Protection
•eapcnalble
State
Agency
Department of
Conservation,
Division of Oil
and Oaa
Department of
Health Services
Department of
Health, Sanitary
Engineering Branch
Department of Food
and Agriculture
Department of
Water Resources
State Hater
Resources Control
Board
Regional Hater
Quality Control
Boards
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X*
x«
xf
rederally Delegated Procram
RCRA
X
ore*
X
MB*
X
FE°
X
Other
Data
Collec-
tion,
AotHfar
Happing,
•to.
X
X
Oround-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
X
Protftc-
tlon
from
load
De-icing
Other
X
aUIC * Underground Injection Control.
bPWS * Public Hater System.
CPE * Pesticides Enforcement.
dThe Department of Hater Resources has authority to: 1) conduct surveys and investigations relating to basin-wide use oi
ground water and availability of surface water for artificial recharge; 2) investigate ground-water quality problems
related to sea water intrusion, overdraft, and other basin-wide factors; and 3) provide Regional Boards and local
Jurisdictions with recommended minimum standards for construction and destruction of water wells.
*The State Hater Resources Control Board has authority to: 1) establish state ground-water quality policy; 2) develop
and administer the state's water quality budget; 3) develop water quality regulations; and 1) conduct ambient monitoring
fThe Regional Boards have authority to: 1) adopt Basin Plans (HQM Plans); 2) set water quality goals; 3) write permits;
4) take enforcement against non-complying dischargers; and 5) monitor for intensive surveys.
-575-
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
3.4. later-Agency Agreements
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Ground -water monitoring
Check If
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Agreement between State Water Resources Control Board and
the Department of Health Services to coordinate clean-up
requirements and methods.
Agreement between the State Water Resources Control Board and
the Department of Water Resources for ground-water monitoring.
Agreement between the Department of Health Services and the
State Water Resources Control Board delineates tasks to be
performed by state and regional boards to implement RCRA,
primarily ground-water monitoring. Mechanism to pass through
RCRA funds.
3.5* Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground -water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
CWA 208
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
Sole source aquifer designations in Scott's Valley and Fresno.
Santa Clara County aquifer contamination mapping.
Under contract to the state Water Resources Control Board, the
Department of Water Resources assesses regional and localized
ground-water problems in eight "Priority I" ground-water
basins. Criteria used in determining whether ground-water basin
is "Priority I" are population, presence of alternative sources
of water, existing knowledge of ground-water quality and amount
of agricultural and/or municipal use. Monitoring being done in
the following basins: Yureka, Santa Rosa Valley, Salinas
Valley, Santa Clara River Valley, Tulare Lake, Antelope Valley,
Lower Mojave River Valley, and Upper Santa Ana River.
The State Water Resources Control Board is studying ground-
water contamination by pesticides.
Ground-water mapping has been conducted by the State Assembly,
Office of Research, covering several hundred polluted wells.
Assessment under 208 plans.
-576-
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ST1TB: CALIFORNIA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Drinking water
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring programs are required of all solid and
hazardous waste disposal sites within six months
of the effective date of the RCRA regulations.
Quarterly ground-water quality testing is also
required .
A state-wide ground-water monitoring program was developed
in 1974 designating 24 Priority I ground -water basins of
the 500 basins classified. Development of the monitoring
networks began with a pilot program in 4 basins. The
inventory was performed in 1977 and monitoring started
in 1978 and continued on an annual basis In the 4 basins.
Early sampling was limited to common minerals; heavy
metals and nutrients were included in 1980-81. Mon-
itoring networks for a few more Priority I basins are
now being developed. For each basin all ground-water
monitoring activities and wells are inventoried in
detail, and then a network is designed with monitoring
parameters and frequencies.
Ground-water monitoring in California's drinking water
program has recently been expanded from the 10 or so
Inorganic contaminants regulated under drinking water
regulations. Assembly Bill 1803 provides for a one-
time screening of all large and small state water systems
for organic chemical contaminants.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Notes: The state ground-water monitoring program is conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board with
partial funding by an EPA 106 grant. Results obtained from the cooperation of other agencies as well as SWRCB
data are used In ground-water quality assessment reports and to provide information on toxic substances in major
ground-water basins. Monitoring for the Safe Drinking Water Act is done by the state Department of Health
Services.
-577-
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
--^^^ Context
Approaches ~~ — -^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Oround-
Mktw Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
XX X X* Xb
X X X X
X X X X
X X
aSection 12924 of the state Water Code reads: ". . . (T)he Department (of Hater Resources) shall in conjunction
with public agencies conduct an investigation of the state's ground-water basins." During the Investigation, 25
workshops and 4 public hearings were held. The results of the investigation appear in the Department of Water
Resources Bulletin 118-80.
''The state conducts public hearings at the time of the Basins Plan triennial review and Basin Plan updates.
Public participation is included in studies done under 205(J). Public hearings also are held prior to issuance
of any waste discharge, cease and desist or clean-up and abatement order.
-578-
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STATE: CALIFORNIA
4. STATE IMPLBMERTATIOi OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROORD WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Pragma
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Tkuaual/loteworthy
Prognui Characteristic;*
DIG
Delegated;
Class II wells
Division of Oil and Gas
If an acceptable primacy
application could have been
submitted, the State Water
Resources Control Board would have
bad primacy over all Class 1, III,
IV and V injection wells in the
state. However, a regional review
of the state's draft application
revealed flaws, including
the inability to require permits
prior to construction, the
inability to prescribe
construction requirements, and
insufficient civil and criminal
penalties. The possibility of
seeking additional state statutory
authority was investigated and it
was determined that passage of
such legislation was improbable.
By letter dated December 1983, the
region was notified by the Board
that it would no longer pursue
primacy.
RCRA
Delegated; Phase I, II A
final authorization
pending.
Department of Health
Services
State Hater Resources Board/
Regional Boards to regulate
and enforce ground-water
protection requirements and
monitoring; also responsible for
enforcing ground-water
requirements.
PUS
Delegated
Department of Health
The Sanitary Engineering Branch
is responsible for implementing
drinking water regulations at
systems with 200 or more service
connections. Individual county
health officers are responsible
for water supply regulation at
systems with 199 or fewer
connections.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Pood
and Agriculture
-579-
-------
STATll CALWOMIA
4.2. Grant Statue
Grant
R 1965 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
ProJeota/Taaks and Budget
Clean Water Aot
Section 106
Ground-water activities are funded by atate funds.
Clean Vater Aot
Section 205(j)
Tentative Mountain View Ground-Water Quality
PY 1984: Monitoring $134,558
$1.19 million North Orange Ground-Hater Program 96,000
Salinas 3-0 Model 52,500
Smith R.V. Ground-Water Pesticides 97,500
Los Angeles County Ground-Water Tracer Study 47,958
San Francisco Bay Ground-Water Protection 187,500
Santa Clara Consolidated Ground-Water Plan 157,500
Ventura County Septic Systems Management 16,000
Tahoe Basin Ground-Water Nutrients 192,418
Santa Ana Ground-Water Study 56,000
Los Angeles West Coast Basin Barrier 150.000
TOTAL $1,187,934
Clean Water Aot
Section 205(8)
Target
$7.0 million
None for ground-water activity.
RCRA
Section 3011
$4.6 million Tasks include: inspection of all ground-water
monitoring hazardous waste facilities and enforcement
action where necessary, and review of applications and
draft permits for 15 land disposal facilities. Total
budget: approximately $2,000,000.
UIC
$359,500
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$440,000
-580-
-------
STATE: CALIFORIIA
5. 3TATE-ORIOIMATKD GR00ID-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strmtsgjr
(including ground-inter quality standards and classification)
Description: The State Hater Resources Control Board has submitted a budget increase proposal for FY. 1985-1986 to
develop a state Ground-Water Protection Strategy. The ultimate goal of the strategy is to protect ground-water
quality by preventing toxic and other polluted discharges from reaching ground water and controlling other ground-
water quality problems by the year 2000. Currently, the state water quality policy and regulations are
established by the State Water Resouroes Board. They have requested supplemental 106 ground-water money
(4300,000) to accomplish this.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring in California's drinking water program has recently been expanded from the
ten or so Inorganic contaminants regulated. The Department of Health Services systematically monitors each public
water system, setting standards based on initial screening results. Development of monitoring programs is
required of solid/hazardous waste disposal site operators within six months of effective date of RCRA regulations,
and quarterly ground-water quality testing will be conducted.
A ground-water quality monitoring program is conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board, and was
developed in 1974 with the designation of 24 Priority I ground-water basins of the 461 basins Identified.
Development of the monitoring networks began with a pilot program in four basins. The inventory was performed in
1977 and monitoring started in 1976 and continued on an annual basis in the four basins. The first years'
sampling was limited to common minerals; heavy metals and nutrients were included in 1980-81. Monitoring networks
for a few more Priority I ground-water basins have since been developed in a structured program. For each basin
all ground-water monitoring activities and wells are inventoried in detail, and then a network is designed with
monitoring parameters and frequencies.
FY 1984 Funding: $240,000
Funding Source: State
5.3* Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: The Department of Health Services, under Assembly Bill 1803, will conduct a one-time screening of
all water systems using ground water to determine the presence of organic chemicals. Ambient monitoring is
conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board. The California Assembly Office of Research covered several
hundred polluted wells in a ground-water mapping report titled, "Is Our Water Safe to Drink?" The Department of
Water Resources also engages in aquifer studies and mapping activities.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: Local governments conduct programs for management of wells used for agricultural chemical mixing and
irrigation management.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-581-
-------
STATE: CALIFORNIA
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Hater
Description: The Department of Health Services issues hazardous waste permits which include ground-water
requirements for land disposal and surface impoundment facilities.
The Department of Water Resources conducts surveys and investigations relating to the use of reclaimed water
for recharge of underground storage. It also Investigates quality damage to ground water from improperly
constructed, abandoned, or defective wells, and makes recommendations to local agencies and the Regional Water
Quality Control Board regarding minimum standards for well construction and destruction.
Article 9.5, Chapter 6.5, Division 20 of the Health and Safety Codes prohibits siting of surface impoundments
within 1/2 mile of any potential source of drinking water.
FY 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: The Sher Bill provides for a statewide local government program for permitting and monitoring
underground tanks reporting leaks. The State Water Resources Control Board will develop policies and regulations
for underground tanks storing hazardous materials, including containment, monitoring, testing, closure, and leak
reporting of tanks. The Regional Water Quality Control Boards will review requests for site-specific variance
from design, construction and/or monitoring standards, as well as remedy the effects of, and remove, any hazardous
substance which has been released from an underground tank if requested by local agencies. Local agencies issue
five-year permits to operate underground tanks, and conduct inspections for compliance with regulations once every
three years.
The Cortese Bill requires a statewide inventory of all underground tanks storing hazardous materials.
F1 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Reports of spills of hazardous materials and contamination reports are taken by Regional Boards and
are reported to Regional Boards by other response agencies. Regional Boards review and approve response
activities to mitigate a problem and provide expertise relative to what must be cleaned up, what and where waste
may be disposed, and what monitoring programs are appropriate to protect the beneficial uses of ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: General fund
5.9. Other
-582-
-------
STATE OBOCTTO-WATEB PBOOBAM SPMKABT
STATE: HAWAII
1. UTUIB OF THE GBOUID-VATEB IBSOOBCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal characteristics
(i.e. formationo, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristios
Physiographic
Beglon/ProviDoe A:
Physiographic
Beglon/Provinoe B:
Physiographic
Beglon/Provinoe C:
Peroent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dbooofined Aquifer(a)
See notes below.
Confined Aquifer(a)
Notes: The Hawaiian archipelago, which makes up the region, is a chain of volcanic islands situated over a
1,600-mile-long fissure in the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The eight major islands are tops of enormous shield
volcanoes, which project high above the level of the aea in the southeastern end of the chain. Each of the major
islands consists of one to five volcanic domes, the bulk of which are composed of thousands of generally thin-
bedded highly vesicular baaaltic lava flows. The structural features generally associated with these flows, such
as an abundance of clinker sections, voids between flow surfaces, and shrinkage joints and fractures, make these
rooks highly porous and pervious. The lavas issued forth in repeated outpourings from narrow zones of fissure
associated with each volcano. When volcanic activity ceased, lava remaining in the fissures was quickly chilled
by the surrounding rook and filled the fissures with narrow vertical sheets of rock with low permeability called
dikes. This rock assemblage of highly permeable basaltic lava flows, intruded in part by dikes in the rift zones
and free of dikes outside the rift zones, makes up the principal aquifer in the Hawaiian Islands.
Principal ground-water resources consist of lens-shaped bodies of fresh water floating on sea water within the
aquifers. Fresh water in the saturated zone flows gradually seaward and is maintained by the constant influx of
downward percolating rain water. Most soils overlying aquifers have a water-stable aggregated structure which
imports hydrologic characteristics of coarsely textured soils and consequently are highly permeable with rapid
infiltration and drainage.
-583-
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STATE: HAWAII
1.2. Primary Uaea of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Usage
Use
Public Hater Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total
Ground Hater
38a
11
51«»
100
* Ground Hater
of Total Hater
•Municipal and domestic water supply.
bPineapple and sugar crops.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
Domestic
Hells
Total
91*
833,000
-584-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
2.1. Sources (Check Major aourcea of eontaal nation and rank top four
2 * next moat aerious, etc.)
— 1 s
rious,
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X 3
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Rank
Injection wells X 2
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural Xa 1
Road salting
Agricultural use of organic chemicals, including EDB, DBCP, and TCP has
resulted in contamination of drinking water. Restoration of water quality
will require construction of treatment plants.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
-585-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
3. STATE OBOOID-VATEB NAIAGENEIT 3TIOCTORE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Vater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Nonitorad by Statute
Statute laie/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Chapter 51
No provisions specifically for ground
water.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Chapter 312-3
Law provides authority for enforcement of
solid and hazardous waste regulations.
Hazardous waste
Chapter 312-3
Law provides authority for enforcement of
solid and hazardous waste regulations.
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify):
UIC
Chapter 310E
Safe Drinking Mater Act provides for
development of UIC program.
Motes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
-586-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
3.2.2. tevelepBent of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering comlttee: Department of Health
3.2.2.3* Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Hawaii is working with EPA and other state agencies to develop strategy.
3.2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.14.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yea X No _
The state has a partial ground-water classification system; see answer to the next question.
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The City and County of Honolulu have developed a •no-pass" line around the Island of Oahu. Underground
Injection is allowed only on the seaward side of the line. The Inland Is reserved for water supply. The City
and County of Honolulu also have designated the Pearl Harbor and Honolulu aquifers the "Pearl Harbor Ground-Water
Control Areas* and instituted special controls to protect and preserve these aquifers. These controls include
water allocations and injection controls.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-587-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
3.3. State Agency leapeoalbllltlea for Oround-Vater Protection
BeapOOalble
State
Agency
Department of
Health
Department of
Health Services,
Drinking Water
Section
Department of
Agriculture,
Division of Plant
Industry,
Pesticide Branch
Department of
Land and Natural
Resources
Ground-
Mater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
Federally Delegated Proftra*
BCRA
X
me*
X
PVSb
X
PB°
X
Other
Date
Colleo-
tlon,
Aoulfer
Mapping,
eto.
X
OrouDd-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conaer-
tatloo
Mining
-
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
y*
auic
b
Underground Injection Control.
PKS = Public Water System.
CPE = Pesticides Enforcement.
**The Department controls withdrawals in designated ground-water control areas.
-588-
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STATE: HAWAII
3.4. Inter-Ageaoy
Toploa
Protection of specific aquifer
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Cbeek if
Applicable
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
The State Hater Commission is looking at the pesticide problem.
This committee was appointed by the Governor and has members
from the Departments of Agriculture, Health, and Land and
Natural Resources.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Beaource A
it Activities
Activity
Ground-wattr resources assessment
(aquifer napping, etc.)
Ambient ground -water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
USOS is assessing the Southern Oahu Aquifer (Pearl Harbor and
Honolulu Aquifers) . All ground-water sources for public water
supplies are being tested for organioa by the Health Department.
-589-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate sites
Hazardous taste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Health Department did a one-time survey of public
water supplies for organ ics.
The Department of Land and Natural Resources monitors
ground-water levels and chlorides. USGS and the
University of Hawaii also do some monitoring. Hawaii
has no state regulations for ground -water monitoring.
Hooitorli«
Data
Computerized
(Check)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
^~~~""~~— -^^ Context
Approaches ^^~---^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Brtw Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa Xb
aPublic hearings were held for proposed UIC regulations.
bPublic hearings were held for designation of ground-water control areas.
-590-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OT FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
rtoy
Program Characteristics
DIG
Not delegated
DI2 package for Class V wells
is pending. (Proposed Class V
U1C programs more stringent
than required by Federal
regulations. Action on proposal
is pending until a study of
the Impact of the regulations
on geotheroal operations has
been completed.)
Department of Health
The proposed Hawaii OIC program
allows only Class V wells. A
line is drawn around each Island
separating drinking water quality
ground-water from non-potable
water. Injection is not allowed
on the "no-pass" side of the
line.
RCRA
Not delegated
Department of Health
In PY 1985, the Department of
Health may receive a RCRA grant
for program implementation. At
present, one staff person is
assigned to the solid/hazardous
waste program.
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
Services, Drinking Water
Section
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of
Agriculture, Division
of Plant Industry,
Pesticide Branch
Branch has done soil and perched
water sampling for pesticide
residues.
-591-
-------
STATE: HAWAII
4.2. Onutt SUtua
Grant
FZ 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Water
Projects/Tasks and Budget
Clean Water Act
Section 106
$380,000
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$189,180
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$750,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$219,800
None for ground-water activities.
UIC
$H2,500
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$75,300
-592-
-------
STATB: HAWAII
5. STATB-ORIGIBATBD GBOUMD-VATBB PBOTBCTIOB PBOGBAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and claasification)
Description: The City and County of Honolulu have designated the Pearl Harbor and Honolulu Aquifers the "Pearl
Harbor Ground-Water Control Areas* and Instituted special controls to protect and preserve these aquifers. These
controls include water allocations and injection controls.
The City and County have also developed a "no-pass" line around the Island of Oahu. Underground injection is
allowed only on the seaward side of the line. The Inland is reserved for water supply.
PI 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: The Department of Land and Natural Resources monitors ground-water levels and chlorides. There are
no state regulations requiring ground-water monitoring.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Aaaessaent/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: All ground-water sources for public water supplies are being tested for organics by the Health
Department in a once-only survey.
FX 1981 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: The State Water Commission is investigating the pesticides problem.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-593-
-------
STATE: HAWaZX
5.5. Pemlta/Control of Dlaebargea to Orouod Hater
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6* Septic Management Frogru
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-594-
-------
STATE GROUND-HATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: BVADA
1. MATURE OP THE GROUND-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Physiographic
Region/ProTlnce B:
Physiographic
Region/Province
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Unconflned Aquifer(s)
Nevada lies within the
Great Basin and is
generally characterized
by a series of north
trending mountain ranges
separated by alluvlated
valleys and a drainage
system which is internally
drained.
The chemical quality of
ground-water in the Great
Basin region ranges from
fresh to brine. Generally,
in alluvial aprons at the
margins of most valleys,
the ground-water is fresh.
Saline water occurs
locally near some thermal
springs and in areas where
the aquifer includes rocks
containing large amounts
of soluble salts.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
-595-
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STATE: HEVADA
1.2. Primary Owe of Ground Hater M Peroeot of Total Oaage
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify):
Mining/energy
production
Drinking water
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Utter of Total Water
«•
a
70"
22
4
100
aUrban/industrial/livestock watering.
Irrigation.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear 1979
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
75J
527, 000
Domestic
Hells
15*
105,000
Total
90S
632,000
-596-
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STATE: IKVADA
2.1. Souroea (Chaok major aouroes of oonUadnatlon and rank top four
2 * BMCt BMt MTiOUS, «tO.)
— I* BOSt »ariOUS,
Souroe Gbaok Rank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills
On-aite industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 3
tanks
Other (specify):
Mining activities X
Souroe Gbaok lank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
•^••^•^K
xa
xb
Jtb
x"
xb
•MBM0MH
Metals X°^
Radioactive material X
Peitioidea ==_=_-
Other (ipecify) _-_-.
^Industrial facilities, including BKI in southern Nevada, Kerr MoGee Corporation, Montroae Chemical, and
Stsuffer have contributed to ground-water contamination by organlos, Including benzene and chlorforc. Residents
of this area do not use the ground water for drinking water. However, ground water does discharge to the Las
Vegas Wash which is a tributary to Lake Mead.
^Naturally occurring.
0Chromium.
-597-
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STATE: IEVADA
3. STATE GRODMD-VATER MANAGEMENT STBDCTDBB
3.1. SUte Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute laae/lo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
General water pollution
control
Water Pollution Control Law
NRS Chapter 115.131-115.351
Public Water System Law
NRS 115.361-115.399
Law protects all state waters by
developing and iaplementing plans and
programs to reduce or eliminate
pollution, i.e., WQS, permitting, and
UPS control.
Law requires monitoring PWSs to ensure
the public is provided with safe
drinking water, and enforcement of
regulations if PWSs are not in
compliance.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Water Pollution Control Law
Public Water System Law
Solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Law
NRS 111.110-111.620
Same description as Hazardous Waste Law
except for solid waste, e.g., landfills.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste Law
NRS 111.700-111.778
Law protects human health, public safety,
and the environment from the effects of
improper, inadequate or unsound management
of hazardous waste.
Mining
Water Pollution Control Law
Hazardous Waste Law
Permitting of zero discharges.
Disposal of hazardous material, on-site
landfill.
( Oil and gas
Oil and Gas Conservation Law
NRS 522
Water Pollution Control law
Law protects waters of the state from
pollution from drilling wells and disposal
of water.
Permitting of discharge permits.
Other (specify):
Geothermal
Water Pollution Control Law
Geothermal Resources
NRS 513A.010-531A.090
Requires permitting of geothermal
activities to prevent ground-water
contamination. Regulates non-consumptive
use and reinjection activities which do
not contaminate aquifers.
Notes:
-598-
-------
STATE: BVADA
3.2. State OroMod-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state atatutea
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy In existence for
protecting ground-water quality
. Policy under development
Check
X
X
-599-
-------
STUB: •KTADA
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: _____^_^___^^__^_^_
Tea
No X
3*2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3> Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
Notes: The unwritten ground-water policy is that the state will not allow degradation of ground-water quality
below the drinking water standards or below its present state.
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-600-
-------
STATE: KBTADA
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Hater Protection
Beaponsible
State
Agency
Division of
Environmental
Protection*1
State Health
Division, Bureau
of Consumer Health
Protection Services
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Mineralsr
Division of Water
Resources
Conservation
Board /Districts
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally Delegated Prograa
RCRA
X
UI(f
x«
PHSb
X
PBC
X
X
Other
X
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Nipping,
•to.
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
X
Soil
Conaer-
vation
X
i
Mining
X
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X
Other
X
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
°PE r Pesticides Enforcement.
The Division implements Water Pollution Control programs and the Hazardous Waste program.
eProgram not delegated.
fThe Department protects waters from pollution from drilling veils and underground disposal from oil and gas activities.
-601-
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STATE: IEVADA
Inter-Ageaoy
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground Injection control
Ground-Mater contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify):
Subdivision review
OMOk if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agenolee
Sane agreement as Subdivision review; the state Health Division
does inspections.
The Division of Environmental Protection and the state Health
Division have an agreement to do plan and specification reviews
for subdivisions that impact surface and ground water. The
Division of Environmental Protection certifies that the project
will not pollute waters of the state. The Health Division
approves project.
3.5. Status of Ground-Mater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify):
Ground-water availability
Cbeck if
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Activities
The Division of Hater Resources evaluates ground-water
availability.
The state Health Division has well water quality data.
The Division of Environmental Protection requires monitoring
and dcas identification/assessment of waste sites under RCRA.
USGS conducts specific ground-water assessments, i.e., Fallen,
Eagle Valley to evaluate ground-water availability.
-602-
-------
STATE: IEVADA
3.6. State Oramd-Hater Hooltorijgg Progru
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
Mate sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Monitoring based on
ground-water permits
Check
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Progru
See below.
See below, as required by RCRA.
Ground-water monitoring is required in ground-water
permits usually where the discharge leaves the plant
at observation wells up and down gradient as appropriate.
Other monitoring is done In response to suspected con-
tamination (i.e., mining sites) and at public water
systems. Monitoring is done on a monthly or quarterly
basis, and is mainly for nutrients, BOD and other
specific contaminates as appropriate.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
lave of
Database
(Specify)
3.7. State Progress for Public Participation
^^^-~-^^^ Context
Approaches " — ^^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground -
Ihtar Permit
Issues Issuance
Xa Xb
Xa X
Xa X
xb
xa
Specific
Regulation Ground -
Adoption, Hater
Changes Strategy
X
X
X
X
X
Other
Xc
X
X
x°
aAs requested or when issues arise.
bPublic notices and public hearings are required for the NPDES and RCRA permit programs.
cPublic notices and public hearings are required for water quality management plan updates.
-603-
-------
STATE: EEVADA
a. STATE XMNJnenTATXOI OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROORD HATER
4.1. Prograsi Statue
Federal
Prograai
Statua of Program Delegation
State laplasootii* Agency
Obuawl/Rotevorthy
Pragma Cbaraoterlatloa
tnc
Not delegated
(D11 program Is pending)
Divlalon of Environmental
Protection
RCRA
Delegated
Pnaae I and II A, B
Interim Authorization,
final authorization pending
Department of
Environmental Protection
PHS
Delegated
State Health Divlalon,
Bureau of Consumer
Health Protection
Services
Waahoe and Clark Counties have
been delegated the program in
those counties and they are
carried out by the local health
departments.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Partially delegated
Department of
Agriculture
Under a cooperative agreement with
the state, the Department conducts
pesticide enforcement
investigations under state
authority end FIFBA. State does
not have legislation to issue
civil complaints, only warning
lettersi Violations of Federal
pestioide laws are referred to
EPA. State doea not routinely
monitor peatioides In ground-
water, but doea random oheoka on
peatieide diapoaal during uae
inspections.
-604-
-------
STATE: «¥ADA
4.2. Grant Status
Gnat
FI 1965 Allocation
Specific Oround-Water
ProJeota/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$180,000
$100,000
(Supplemental
(round-mter)
State strategy, HOA development identify legal,
Institutional barriers, ground-water permitting/
enforcement.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
$119,160
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$476,640
RCBA
Section 3011
$219,000
UIC
$62,900*
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)
$79,100
aNevada is not eligible for UIC funds until it receives primacy.
-------
STUB: BEVADA
5. STATB-OBIGIBATBD GBODBD-WATBB PBOTECTIOI PBOGBAMS
5.1. Ground-Hater Strategy
(including ground-rater quality standards and classification)
Description: n/a
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: Monitoring is required for ground-water permits at appropriate observation wells up and down
gradient from the discharge sites. Monitoring is conducted in response to permit requirements on a monthly or
quarterly basis, primarily for biological oxygen demand. Public water supplies, as well as suspected
contamination sites (i.e. mining sites), are also monitored.
FT I960 Funding:
Funding Source: State/106 funds
5.3. Ground-Hater Besource Assessment/aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: n/a
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: n/a
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
-606-
-------
STATE: IBTaDa
5.5. r«vtta/Cootrol of Discharges to Oround Meter
Description: The Nevada Department of Minerals protect* waters fro* pollution fro* drilling wella and underground
diapoaal for oil and gas activities. The Department of Environmental Protection issues permita for ground-water
discharges under the Hater Pollution Control Program. In response to the ground-Hater contamination in southern
Nevada by organlca, including benzene and chloroform, the Department of Environmental Protection has developed the
Comprehensive Site Management Plan.
FT 1984 Funding: $100,000
Funding Source: State/106 funds
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The state Health Division conducts inspections and follow-up under contract from the Division of
Environmental Protection.
FT 1981 Funding: 430,000
Funding Source: 106
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description: n/a
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Emergency response activities, e.g., inspection, follow-up, and enforcement.
FI 1984 Funding: $4,500.00
Funding Source: State/106 funds
5.9. Other
-607-
-------
REGION X
-------
-------
STATE GRODNO-HATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: ALASKA
1. MATURE OF THE GROUND-HATER RESOORCB
1.1. QeolQSlc and Hydrologlc Character la t lea. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
U.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer Interconnection,
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Arctic
Physiographic
RegloD/ProTince B:
Northwest
Physiographic
Raglan/Province C:
Yukon
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
35*
Obconflned iquifer(s)
Confined Aqulfer(a)
Notes: The ground-water conditions In Alaska are highly variable. The unfrozen, recent alluvial deposits in
river valleys, including the flood plains, terraces, and alluvial fans, are the principal aquifers and recharge
areas in the state. The alluvium, consisting largely of permeable sand and gravel, ranges in thickness from a few
feet in small mountain valleys, to about 2,000 feet in the Tanana Valley. The glacial and glaciolacustrine
deposits in the interior valleys, particularly the Copper River Basin, are a much smaller source of water. The
consolidated bedrock is capable of small water yields from fractures. The ground water also occurs in cavernous
carbonate rocks that support large springs. The extent and thickness of permafrost limits the availability of
ground water.
-600-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
1. MATURE Or THE GROOM-WATER IES008CE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologioal oharaoteristios
(i.e. formations, rook types, areal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Southwest
Physiographic
Region/Province E:
Southcentral
Physiographic
Region/Province F:
Southeast
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Onconfined Aquifer(s)
Confined Aquifer(s)
-609-
-------
STATEI ALASKA
1.2. Priairy DM* of Ground Hater aa Percent of Total Oamge1
Dae
Public Hater Syatema
(including Bunioipal)
Industrial
(exoept municipal )
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (apeoify)
Total
% of Total $ Qround Hater
Oround Hater of Total Hater
85 75
2 >1
10 60
3
100
'Very rough estimates.
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater
Systems
5»
270,000
Domestic
Holla
15
75,000
Total
69*
345,000
'Very rough estimates.
-610-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
2.1. Sources (Check major aourcea of contamination and rank top four — 1 = Most serious,
2 « next Boat serious, etc.)
Source Check Rank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X3 2
tanks
Other (specify):
Naturally occurring Xb
arsenic
Source Check Bank
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X 4
Road salting
aFuel.
Fairbanks area.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
Fairbanks area (natural occurrence).
bBacteria.
-611-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3. STATE GR001D-WATBB NAIAGEHBIT STIUCTUHB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-Mater quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute lame/lo.
Alaska Statute 46. 03. 050 ,(.710)
Alaska Statute 46.03-060, (.070), (.080)
Same as above
Alaska Statute 46.03.100-120
Alaska Statute 46.03.296, .299, .302,
.313,. 760,. 790
Alaska Statute 46.03.740
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Hater Protection
This statute regulates general pollution
control, and pertains to all waters,
including ground water.
This statute gives the state authority to
protect state waters.
Same as above
Landfill permits can take into account
potential ground -water impacts.
These statutes authorise the development
of regulations that will be equivalent to
RCRA and routine ground-water monitoring
will be required at land disposal
faollites.
This statute pertains to the protection
of ground water from oil and gas.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Water Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Cbeok
X
-612-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3.2.2, Developaent of Ground-Mater Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there & ground-water policy or strategy development process?
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee:
Yes
No X
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
3.2.3* Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential}? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes X
No
They would be used to write discharge permits if the state felt there was a threat to ground water.
Very limited use to date.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Thirteen categories of contaminants, bacteria, nitrates, etc.
-613-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3.3. State Agency Reaponalbllitiee for around-Uater Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Departaent of
Environmental
Conservation
Department of
Natural Resources
i
Ground-
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
Federally-Delegated Program
BCRA
rac*
ras°
X
R°
X
Otber
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Happing,
etc.
X
OrouDd-
Uater
Quality
X
SoU
Conser-
vation
Mining
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
Other
X*1
8U1C = Underground Injection Control.
bPHS = Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
Water rights, water quality.
-614-
-------
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
3TATB: ALASKA
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
inolioabla
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
3.5. Status of Qrotiad-ttater ftesouroe
>t Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Check if
Applicable
X
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources have been mapped on a limited scale in
oil and gas production areas as part of the Surface Impoundment
Assessment Study and the Underground Injection Control Program.
*
-615-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Check
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
The Department of Natural Resources tracks well
logs. The Department of Environmental Conservation
samples water supply wells as part of special
studies.
Noaltorli«
Data
Computerized
(Check)
Name of
Database
(Specify)
Note: No coordinated ground-water monitoring effort has been developed by the state.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
•— -^^ Context
Approaches ""- — ^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground-
mur Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
XXX
XXX
X X
8Part of the annual state/EPA agreement process.
''Water Resources Board.
-616-
-------
STATE» ALASKA
4. STATE IHPLEHBITATIOi Of F1DE1AL PROOR1NS TO PIOTKCT OBODID HATII
4.1. Program Statua
Federal
Program
Statua of Procru Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Oniauai /Noteworthy
Program Qmraoteriatlos
Not delegated, application
ponding.
Exoopt for about a dozen mils,
all are Claaa II. Features
include: 1) a large aoale of
projects, all relatively recent
and employing good industry
standarda; and 2) the presence of
permafrost, New projects are
being planned and developed.
RCRA
Not delegated*
PWS
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Disadvantages include: 1) the
remoteness of many public water
systems; 2) high oosts due in part
to high oost of living and travel;
and 3) many very small systems
with poor to non-existent
operations.
Pesticides
Enforcement
Delegated
Department of Environmental
Conservation
The state has assumed the
responsibility under a non-funded
agreement.
"Scheduled to be delegated in FY 1987, currently Implemented by the EPA.
bPestioide enforcement activities focus on the misuse of pesticides. No ground-water contamination incidents
involving pesticides have been reported.
-617-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
4.2. Grant SUtui
Orant
FI 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
ProJeots/Tuks and Budget
aean Water Act
Section 106
$170,000 Host of the funds will be applied to ground-water
activities.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(J)
1146,000
Dairy Haste Disposal Project.
Clean Hater Act
Section 205(g)
$566,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$170,000 Ground water is the primary concern in writing land
disposal permits, so a significant portion of funds
will be targeted toward ground water. Currently,
ground-water technical information is being generated
to aid the permit-writing process,a
UIC
$101,000 FY 1981 allocation of $19,100 is being used for direct
implementation efforts.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)b
None
None
'Used FY 1981 funds.
bAlaska has assumed most of the enforcement responsibilities but no formal funded agreement exists at
present.
-618-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
5. 8TATB-ORIOI1IATED GROOMD-WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS
5.1. Ground-Water Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.2. Ground-Hater Monitoring
Description: The Department of Environmental Conservation conducts sampling of water supply wells as part of some
special studies, but the state has not developed a coordinated monitoring effort.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Aaaaaiaent/Aouifer Study/Mapping
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description: A 205(J) project is underway to monitor ground water In conjunction with dairy waste management.
FT 1984 Funding: $50,000
Funding Source: 205(J)
-619-
-------
STATE: ALASKA
5.5. P«ndtt/Ceatrol of Disohargea to Ground Utter
Description: Permit programs can be used to regulate aolid mate disposal facilities and other potential aourcea
of ground-water contamination.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: Domestic Haste Hater Disposal Program for control of on-site sewage disposal.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State funded
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Spill response program.
FT 1981* Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other
-620-
-------
STATE OROOMD-WATER PROGRAM SUMMARY
STATE: IDAHO
1. MATURE
THE GROUID- WATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmiasivlty, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
RagloB/ProYinoe A:
Snake River Basin
Physiographic
Region/ProTinoe B:
Kootznai • Pend Oreille
River Basins
Physiographic
Region/Province C:
Spokane-Coeur d'Alene
River Basin
Percent of state covered
by tola province (estimated)
Dnconfined Aquifer(s)
See Note A below.
See Note B below.
See Note C below.
Confined Aqulfer(s)
Note A; This is the largest physiographic province in Idaho and about 86$ of the population lives within its
borders. The ground-water conditions in the main river valley and in several tributary river basins differ
considerably.
The Boise-Namps area in the western part of the Snake River Basin is comprised of shallow, terrace gravel
aquifers, Quaternary alluvium, and basalts of the Snake River Group. The Glenns Ferry Formation of the Idaho
Group is the deepest aquifer in the area and is composed of continental beds of clay, silt, sand, and fine gravel,
and locally contains volcanic ash and lava flows.
In the Twin Falls district on the southwest side of the Snake River Plain, ground water is obtained from
basaltic and silicic rocks and from sand and gravel beds.
The ground-water in the Owyhee upland is available from volcanic rocks, sediments of the Idaho Group, and
valley-fill material.
The Snake River Plain (about 10,000 square miles) is a great structural depression filled with a series
of basalt flows alternating with beds of pyroclastic and sedimentary materials which consist of one of the world's
most productive aquifers. At the surface, boundaries are formed by contact with less permeable and complex rock
formations surrounding the Plain. The lower boundary of the aquifer is not known. The basaltic volcanic rock
interbedded with alluvial sediments, fractures, cavities, lava tubes, and floodplain deposits of coarse sand and
gravel are all characteristics of this aquifer.
Note B: A sizable underflow of ground water takes place along the Idaho-Washington border. Substantial
quantities of ground water can be found in the glacial deposits of the valleys and, in the upland area, from the
crystalline rock.
Note C; The highly permeable glacial outwash deposits are present in the lowlands and river valleys allowing for
large quantities of ground water.
The ground water in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin is available from alluvial deposits of varying
thickness.
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STATE: IDAHO
1. MATURE OP THE GROOMD-VATER RESOURCE
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrologlcal characteristics
(I.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, transmlssivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Regloo/ProYlnee D:
Clear-water and Palouse
River Basins
Physiographic
Region/Province E:
Saloon River Basin
Physiographic
Region/Province F:
Great Basin
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
Dbconfioed Aqulfer(s)
The Columbia River Group
basalt, associated
sedimentary rocks, and
alluvium are the principal
aquifers in these basins.
The Moscow Basin ground
water is from unconsolida-
ted deposits and sands in
the Latah Formation and
Interbedded Columbia River
basalt flows. The upper
sediments are under water
table conditions, and the
deeper aquifers are
divided into an upper,
middle, and lower artesian
zone.
The Salmon River covers
a large portion of cen-
tral Idaho. The princi-
pal aquifers are alluvial
deposits in the river
valleys and volcanic
and associated
sedimentary rocks.
This region is in the
southeastern section of
Idaho. The ground water is
encountered in alluvium,
sedimentary rocks, and in
the basalt of the Snake
River Group.
Confined Aqulfer(a)
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STATE: IDAHO
1.2. Primary Daes of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Daage
Dae
Public Mater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic/Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Water* of Total Hater0
2 91
33 95
65 26
0 78
alndicates the percentage of the total ground water used per year.
blndieates the percentage of total water use that is supplied from ground water.
1.3- Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
90J
900,000
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8TATI: IDAHO
2.1. Souroes (Cbeok major souroea of contamination and rank top four
2 « next most various, «to.)
— 1 • most serious,
8ouro« Cbwk lank
Septic tanks X 1
Municipal landfills
On-site industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X 2
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X 3
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Qtook lank
Injection wells X*
Abandoned hazardous
imate sites
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/ X 4
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
'Radioactive and chemical injection.
Notes: No major problems of wide area Impact have been discovered to date.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aSome bacteriological contamination of ground-water sources primarily due to septic tank drainage and possibly
injection of agricultural runoff.
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STATE: IDAHO
3. mil oiouMD-wATiB MAMonan STBOCTDBB
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Qrouod-VaUr Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored hy Statute
General water pollution
oontrol
Ground-water quality
(Including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Hazardous Mate
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute laae/Io.
Idaho Code Title 39
Idaho Code Title 39 and 42
Idaho Code Title 39
Idaho Code Title 39, Chapter Hk
Not specified
Idaho Code Title 39
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground-Water Protection
The statute regulates general water
pollution oontrol pertaining to all
waters, including ground water; the
Department of Health and Welfare
administers these regulations.
The Idaho Department of Health and
Welfare has a proposed ground-water
policy and standards. The Idaho
Department of Hater Resources has the
authority to regulate Injection wells.
The Idaho Department of Health and
Welfare has proposed new regulations
for adoption in FY 1965. Ground-water
protection is factored in.
The Idaho Department of Health and
Welfare will administer new regulations
nearly identical to RCRA which will
require monitoring of disposal
facilities.
The Department of Lands is responsible
for the protection of ground water from
oil and gas drilling.
Regulations are proposed in FY 1985 and
FY 1966 for underground storage tanks,
subsurface sewage systems, land
application of waste, and pesticide rinse
fluid disposal.
Motes:
3.2. State Qrouad-Vater Polioy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
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STATE: IDAHO
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Hater Pollej
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process?
Yes X
No
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
The Ground-Water Quality Management Plan, completed in September 1983, presents a classification of the
major aquifers in the state based on pollution potential (OFR 79-1477), and identifies major categories of
contamination. The plan recommends development of ground-water quality standards and a management policy, as well
as funding for two ground-water hydrologist positions. A public information and education program, along with
Interagency coordination, la also recommended. Finally, it suggests pursuing funding for the implementation of
its designed ground-water quality monitoring program, and the development of guidelines for siting, construction,
operation and maintenance of surface impoundments. An aquifer protection plan for the Northern Panhandle area of
Idaho is also Included.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
X
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.4,1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g.-use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes X
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No
Special Resource Water — protection against degradation unless social or economic factors override.
Potable Water Supplies — protection as drinking water without treatment.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards? Yes No xa
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Will be used to regulate potable ground-water sources through a plan and specification approval process.
3.2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
Primary and secondary drinking water standards; i.e., selected inorganics, pesticides, and synthetic
organics.
aTo be adopted in FY 1985.
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8TATS: IDAHO
3.3. State Acenoy Beaponalbllltlea for Oround-Mater Protection
•*nn/vifi4Kla*
State
Agency
Department of
Water Resources
Department of
Health and Welfare
Department of
Lands
Department of
Agriculture
Oround-
Hater
Pfilf «•/
Rule/
Standard
X
X
Pei
•CRA
ierally-
UIC*
d
Delegate
PW"
X
id Prof
Pt°
X
cram
Other
Data
Collec-
tion.
•to.
X
X
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
ftow
Road
De-lolng
Othei
"•
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS = Public Water System.
CPE s Pesticides Enforcement.
dPendlng.
rights, water quantity.
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STATE: IDAHO
3.4. Inter-Agency
Topics
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination Incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Idaho and Washington are cooperating to protect the Spokane/
Rathdrum Aquifer which flows from Idaho to Washington.
The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare and the Department
of Water Resources will be cooperating on development of a
ground-water protection strategy for the Snake Plain Aquifer.
A Memorandum of Understanding will be developed among agencies
participating in the UIC program.
Contractual agreement between USGS and the Idaho Department of
Health and Welfare for specific site studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Hater Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
I Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface
Impoundment Assessment Study and the Underground Injection
Control Program. USGS, under the "sole source aquifer" program
has prepared detailed background documents on the Snake Plain
j and Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifers. Previous 208 studies have
I consisted of ground-water assessments for specific areas
i including aquifer and pollution potential.
Ambient ground-water quality
USGS has developed flow and quality computer models for the
Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer. The state has developed a drinking
water program monitoring database.
Assessment at waste sites
The ground-water quality survey portion of the 1982 Open Dump
Inventory conducted by the Department of Health and Welfare.
USGS is doing the Blackfoot, Idaho study under a contract from
the state.
Other (specify)
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STATE: IDAHO
3.6. State Ground-Vater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
mate aites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other
Cheek
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Ground -water quality survey portion of the 1982 Open
Dump Inventory.
Site specific monitoring at hazardous waste sites.
State drinking water quality monitoring program.
The program includes monitoring of ground-water
level measurements, and sporadic quality sampling
with data from more than 2,200 aites in computer
storage. The Idaho Department of Water Resources
and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting
pollution monitoring in five vulnerable areas (Boise
Valley, Rathdrum Prairie, southeast Idaho, east
Idaho mountain valleys, and Bruneau-Grandview) .
Monitoring
Data
Computer lied
(Check)
X
•aw of
Database
(Specify)
WATSTORE
Note: The U.S. Geological Survey prepared a ground-water monitoring plan for Idaho in 1979 (OFR 1177), but funding
is not available to implement the plan.
3*7. State Programs for Public Participation
"~~~~— -^^ Context
Approaches ~-~^^_^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written material?
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
Mtv Permit Adoption, Water
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X X
X X
X
xb
alncludes workshops and hearing opportunities as part of the annual state/EPA
agreement.
Guidelines on underground storage tank problems.
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STATE: IDAHO
4. STATE IMPLENEITATIOI OP FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT OROOID HATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
OtauBual/Moteworthy
Pragma Characteristics
uzc
Not delegated;
application pending
Department of Water
Resources
Class ? program.
RCRA
Not delegated
PWS
Delegated
Department of Health
and Welfare
Pesticides
Enforcement0
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
"Pesticide enforcement focuses on the misuse of pesticides. Reported ground-water contamination oases have not
Involved pesticides.
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STATE: IDAHO
4.2. Onmt Status
Grant
FI 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Mater
ProJecta/Taalca and Budget
Clean Mater Act
Section 106
Supplemental 106
Ground-Water Grant
$430,000 Approximately 1.0 work-years of effort will be expended
on protection of ground-water quality out of the baae
106 grant.
$145,000 Approximately 2.7 work-years for ground-water program
development under the 106 supplemental ground-water
grants.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$119,000 Development of ground-water quality standards.
Ground-water study In the Blackfoot, Idaho area.
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$177,000
None.
ftCRA
Section 3011
$164,000 The main focus of the program is to consider ground-
water in the writing of land disposal permits.
Currently, ground-water technical information is being
generated to aid the permit-writing process.8
UIC
$80,200
Funds will be used to assess and resolve ground-water
contamination problems related to injection.
FIFRA .
Section 23U)(1)b
$15,600 Certification and training.
$147,700 Pesticide enforcement.
aUsed previous fiscal year funds.
"Idaho and the EPA have a funded agreement under which the state has assumed primary enforcement
responsibility for FIFRA regulation.
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STAT1: IDAHO
5. STAT1-OIIOIIATKD OBOOID-WATIB MOTBCTXOI PKNIBUB
5.1. OroKrt Hatmr Strategy
(including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Deaoription: Ground-water management plan adopted In September 1983, and ground-water protection policy, quality
standards, and classification being proposed for adoption in FI 1985.
FY 1964 Funding: 410,000
Funding Source: 205(J)
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring consists of water level measurements and aporadic water quality sampling.
Since 1976, the Department of Hater Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting pollution
monitoring in five areas considered vulnerable: Boise Valley, Rathdrum Prairie, southeast Idaho, east Idaho
mountain valleys, and Bruneau-Grandvlew. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a ground-water monitoring program
tn 1979. However, funding la not available to Implement the program. The Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
has also established a drinking water quality database.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: In part, state funding
5.3. Oroumd-ltetcr Beoouroe Asiesement/Aquifer Study/Napping
Description: Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface Impoundment Assessment Study and the
Underground Injection Control Program. Under the "sole source aquifer" program, the U.S. Geological Survey has
prepared detailed background documents on the Snake Plain and Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifers. Computer flow and
quality models have also been developed for the Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer. Previous 208 programs have consisted of
ground-water assessments for specific areas.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
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STATEt IDAHO
5.5. NraiU/Ccotrol of Dfedhu-fM to Ground Mater
Daaoription: Tht Idaho Department of Water Resources la expected to aeon bt delegated tha Underground Injection
Control Program.
FT 1984 Fuodlag!
Funding Source:
5.6. Baptle Ifcnagaaiant frcgnm
Daaoriptloni Enforcement undar atata law ta mandated to local haaltb dlatrleta. All aubaurfaoa aaptio tank
ayataaa ara permitted, plana and oonatruotlon ara raviawad. Oround-watar monitoring raquirad on larga aoala
ayatau. Maw ragulationa Mill ba davalopad in FY 1985.
FT 1980 Funding: $35,000
Funding Souroat 205(J)
5.7. Bulk Storaia/Dadarground atoraga Tank Progrua
Daaorlptlont An aaaaaaaant of tha axtant of ground-vat«r oontaoinatlon by undarground atoraga tanks ma conducted
in FY 198t by tha Oapartaant of Haalth and Halfara. Ragulationa will aoon ba undar davalopaant.
FT 1984 Funding: $30,000
Funding Souroa: 205(J)
5.8. Conta«lnation Raaponaa Prograa
(othar than RCRA/Suparfund)
Ocaorlption: Contamination invaatigatlona ara conducted by tha fiald offioaa of the Department of Health and
Welfare. Several ground-water contamination remedial action programa are in place. Some enforcement referrals
have been Initiated.
FX 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Otter
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STATE OMDID-WATBB PROGRAM SOMMARI
STATE: OREGON
1. MATURE OF THE GROUID-HATER RESOURCE
1.1. Oeologlc and Hydrologic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, weal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer Interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Region/Province A:
Coast Range
Physiographic
Region/Province B:
Cascade Range
Physiographic
legion/Province C:
Columbia Plateau
Percent of state covered
by this province (eatiaated)
Dnconfined Aquifer(s)
The terrace deposits and
alluvial sands containing
fresh water are present
where rivers flowing out
of the Coast Range aeet
the Pacific Ocean. Dune
and beach sands are
present along some coastal
sections and are most
prominent near the mouth
of the Columbia River
(Clatsop dunelands). The
sands are virtually the
only natural significant
reservoirs of fresh water
along the coast as the
older rocks are relatively
Impermeable.
The Cascade Range extends
north to south and
borders the Coast Range.
The Cascade mountains are
formed of permeable
volcanic rocks and
readily absorb water from
rain and snow. The
mountain range acts as an
important recharge area
to rivers and aquifers
in both the Willamette
Valley to the west and the
Deschutes River basin to
the east.
Northeastern Oregon forms
part of the Columbia
Plateau, a region under-
lain by basaltic rocks
covering more than 50,000
square miles in Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho. The
rock unit consists largely
of layered basalt flows,
with some interbedded
sedimentary material.
Permeable zones,
openings, and fractures
in the basalt give it a
high transmissivity.
The ground-water discharge
from the basalt is
through numerous springs.
There are several inter-
montane basins, such as
Baker Valley, Burnt River
Valley, Grande Roade
Valley, and the Umatilla
River basin, where
ground-water development
has taken place.
Confined Aquifer(s)
(Continued)
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STATE: OREGON
1. laTORB Of THE OKTOHMMTBB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrologlo Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, weal extent and thickness, transmissivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Percent of state covered
by this province (eatlaated)
Onoonfioed Aquifer(s)
Confined Aquifer (s)
Physiographic
Region/Province D:
Basin * Range Province
Physiographic Phyalographio
Region/Province B: Region/Province F:
Willamette Valley
The Basin and Range
Provinces are located on
the southeastern plateaus,
a region of Oregon
receiving the least
precipitation and recharge.
Tbia region is underlain
mostly by volcanic rocks
of moderate permeability.
The principal aquifers are
alluvial sand and gravel
beds in the basin areas and
lavs, flows sand pyroolaatlo
rooks that overlie imper-
meable bedrock. Excessive
punpage of ground water
has caused progressive
decline* of the water
level in some areas.
The Willamette Valley is
part of a long, narrow
lowland, the Puget-
Hillamette Trough, which
extends northward into
the state of Washington.
This basin is filled with
sedimentary rocks of the
Coast Range and volcanic
rooks of the Cascade foot-
hills. These rooks extend
beneath the alluvial
deposits and appear in
places above the valley
floor. The bedrock floor
is irregular so that the
thickness of the alluvial
deposits varies from place
to place.
In the northern Willamette
Valley, the major aquifers
are the sand and gravel
deposits along the flood-
plain, and the Troutdale
Formation, a thick
sequence of mudstone,
sandstone, and
conglomerate .
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STATE: OREGON
1.2. Primary QMS of Ground Hater as Percent of Total Oaage
Oae
Public Hater Systems
(Including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
1 of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Hater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
33*
800,000
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STATE: OKEGOfl
2.1. Sources (Check major aouroea of oontaadnation and rank top four
2 « next moat aerious, «tc.)
— 1 * Boat aerioua,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 2
Municipal landfills X 3
On-site industrial X 1
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify)
Source Check Bank
Injection wells X
Abandoned hazardous X
waste sites
Regulated hazardous X
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural X
Road salting
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile X
Synthetic X*
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
aLow-level organic solvent contamination, possibly resulting from frequent use of septic tank cleaners (used in
cess-pools) in one area near Portland.
bln two areas: one probably due to septic tank drainage, and the other to agricultural activities.
"Bacteriological and nitrate problems exist in some localities, primarily in relatively shallow ground water.
Also, some cyanide detection.
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STATE: ORBOOB
3. STATE GROUBD-VATER HABAOBNEBT STROCTDRE
3.1. State Statutes Pertaining to Ground-Hater Quality and Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
General water pollution
control
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
Haaardous waste
Mining
Oil and gas
Other (specify)
Statute lame/Bo.
Oregon Statute 468.700
Oregon Statute 515.010
Oregon Statute 168.700
Oregon Statute 515.010
Oregon Statute 159
Oregon Statute 468.020
Oregon Statute 459.440
Oregon Statute 468.780
Description of Authority Pertaining
to Ground -Hater Protection
This statute regulates general water
pollution control for all waters,
including ground water.
On-sitc sewage disposal regulatory
program.
Same as above.
Solid waste disposal systems are
regulated through a permit program which
incorporates ground-water protection
measures .
Regulations have been developed pursuant
to this statute that are nearly identical
to the RCRA requirements. Land disposal
facilities are required to do routine
monitoring .
The Department of Environmental Quality
is directed to provide a spill response
program for petroleum and other
materials.
Notes:
3.2. State Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.1. Status
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy in existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
X
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STUB: OBBCON
3.2.2. Development of Ground-Water Policy
3.2.2.1. Is there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? Yes X No __ _
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Department of Environmental Quality
3.2.2.3. Describe development process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.,:
Oregon ground-water policy will concentrate state regulatory efforts on major water table aquifers. The
Department of Environmental Quality will design an ambient monitoring program for the state. Haste disposal
affecting ground-water will be regulated using existing rules.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Qjeck
X
X
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.14.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
No X
The State Ground-Water Policy has set a priority to protect the water table aquifers as defined and
mapped through the surface impoundment assessment study.
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3*2.5.3. Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
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STATE: OREGON
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Water Protection
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Environmental
Quality
Departaent of
Geology and Mineral
Industries
Departaent of
Water Resources
Department of
Agriculture
Department of
Energy
Ground-
Water
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
Federally-Delegated Prograa
ROU
Xd
Old*
X
PBb
PE°
X
Other
Data
Colleo-
tlon,
Aquifer
Mtpping,
•to.
X
X
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
X
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
fro*
Road
De-icing
Other
X«
Xf
*UIC « Underground Injection Control.
bPUS « Public Water System.
°PE ~ Pesticides Enforcement.
^Interim authorization for Phase 1, Component A.
*Water rights, water quantity.
fGeothenaal wells.
-6AO-
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STATE: ORIOOM
3.4. later agaaoy
Topioa
Protection of apecifio aquifara
Polloy and strategy development
Oround-watar discharges
Underground injection eontrol
Ground -water contamination incidents
Geological aurvey
Other (apeoify)
Gbaok if
applicable
X
Deaorlptlon of Afreeaaota
and Aceaoiea
A Meaorandua of Dnderatanding axiata among agenolea
participating in the Underground Znjeotion Control Program.
3*5. Status of Ground-Hater Reaouroe Aaaeaaaent Activities
Activity
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer napping, etc.)
Ambient ground-water quality
Assessment at waste sites
Other (specify)
Cbeck if
Applicable
X
X
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface
Impoundment Assessment Study and the Underground Injection
Control Program. Previous 208 programs have consisted of
ground-water assessments for specific areas.
Site assessment done at selected high priority sites.
-641-
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STATE: OBBGON
3.6. State Ground-Mater Monitoring Program
Types of Monitoring
Non-hazardous
waste sites
Hazardous waste sites
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Monitoring for organic solvents and other less standard
contaminants has been limited.
Routine monitoring and reporting of results is required
of hazardous waste land disposal facilities.
Water levels in approximately 190 wells are measured
twice a year.
The state conducts some site specific ground-water
quality assessments.
Monitoring
Data
Computerized
(Check)
X
lame of
Database
(Specify)
uses
WATSTORE
Note: No regular water quality monitoring program.
3.7. State Programs for Public Participation
" ^^ Context
Approaches ^ — __^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General Specific
Ground- Regulation Ground -
vatar Permit Adoption, Hater
Issues Issuance Changes Strategy Other
Xa X XX
X
X X X X
Xb
aPublic participation is part of the annual state/EPA agreement process.
°Ground-water brochure.
-642»
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STATE: OREGON
4. STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO PROTECT GROUND WATER
4.1. Program Status
Federal
Program
Status of Program Delegation
State lapleewnting Agency
Uousual/Noteworthy
Program Characteristics
Not delegated; application
pending, late FY 1984
decision
Department of Environmental
Quality
Class V program; only one Clasa II
well.
RCRA
Interim authorization
for Phase Component A
Department of Environmental
Quality
PUS
Not delegated
Environmental Protection
Agency
No state efforts are targeted for
ground-water activities; EPA doea
limited ground-water monitoring
for contamination of unregulated
contaminants such as organic sol-
vents and agricultural chemicals.
Pesticides
Enforcement'
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
aPestlcide enforcement focuses on the misuse of pesticides.
involved pesticides.
Reported ground-water contamination cases have not
-643-
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STATE: ORBGM
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Vater
ProJecta/Taaka and Budget
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$888,000 Projects to protect ground-water quality or to benefit
development of a ground-water program.
Clean Vater Act
Section 205(J)
$276,000 Approximately $18,000 will be directed towards ground-
water activities in TIC 1985.
Clean Vater Act
Section 205(g)
$1,105,000
None.
RCRA
Section 3011
$432,000;
potential for
additional $72,000
The main focus of the program is to consider ground
water in writing land disposal permits. Currently,
technical ground-water information is being generated
to supplement the permit writing process.8
UIC
$76,000
Will assess and resolve ground-water contamination
problems.
FIFRA
Section 23(a)(1)b
$19,000 Certification and training.
$167,000 Pesticide enforcement.
aUaed FY 1984 funds.
^Oregon and the EPA have a funded agreement under which the state assumes primary enforcement of
regulations under FIFRA.
-644-
-------
STATE: QREGOH
5. STATB-OBIGMATRD GBODID-VATBR PROTECTION PBOGRAMS
5.1. Oround-HBter Strategy
(Including ground-water quality standards and classification)
Description: The state has developed a coordinated program that relies on existing permitting authorities. Hater
quality standards are under development. The state will place most emphasis on priority aquifers.
FY 1984 Funding: $25,000
Funding Source: (205(J)
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Hater levels in approximately 490 wells are measured twice a year. The state does site specific
ground-water quality assessments at priority sites.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.3. Ground-Hater Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface Impoundment Assessment Study and the
Underground Injection Control Program, while extensive studies of coastal salt water intrusion have been conducted
by the U.S. Geological Survey. Previous 208 programs have assessed specific ground-water areas.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.4. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 198!) Funding:
Funding Source:
-645-
-------
STATE: MECKM
5.5. Permits/Control of Discharges to Ground Utter
Description: The state is using its various permit authorities to regulate hazardous mate sites, solid mate
landfills, and other facilities that may discharge materials to ground water.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5*6. Septic HuageMDt Program
Description: On-slte waste disposal permit system has ground-water protection as one of its primary goals.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: Permit fees
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Progn
Description:
FY 198U Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.9. Other: Three 208-funded projects have been adopted as state rules. These projects define activities
necessary to protect the following ground waters: LaPine, North Florence, and Clistsop Plains. A similar control
strategy has been developed separately for River Roads-Santa Clara•
-646-
-------
STATE GROTOD-WATER PBOCBAM SUMMARY
STATE: HASHIMOTO*
1. MATDBB OP THE GRODBD-HATEB BBSOOBCB
1.1. Geologic and Hydrolcgic Characteristics. Describe general geological and hydrological characteristics
(i.e. formations, rock types, areal extent and thickness, tranamiasivity, aquifer interconnection, extent
of contamination).
Characteristics
Physiographic
Begion/ProTlaee 1:
Columbia Plateau
Physiographic
Beglon/Prorince B:
Coast Range Peninsula
Physiographic
Begion/ProTince C:
Puget Sound Province
Percent of state covered
by this province (estimated)
l»OJ
Obeoofined Aquifer(s)
The Columbia Plateau,
covering two-fifths of
the state, is divided by
mountain ridges and
entrenched river channels.
It is underlain by a
series of horizontal base-
line lava rocks consisting
of numerous flows with a
composite thickness of
over 10,000 feet in the
Hanford area. A
relatively thin layer of
loess, glacial draft, and
other sedimentary material
overlies much of the
plateau. The basalt rocks
form one of the nation's
most important ground-
water reserves. Ground
water in the basalt is
found in permeable zones
such as fractures,
shrinkage openings,
joints, and interbedded
unconsolidated materials.
The waterbearing zones
exhibit marked differences
in thickness, permeability,
and areal extent. In some
places, sufficient volumes
of ground water can only
be obtained from wells 500
to 1,000 feet deep.
Perches and artesian
ground-water conditions
prevail in many areas.
This region extends from
the Olympic Peninsula in
the north to the Columbia
River in the south. The
mountain range la under-
lain by fine-grained
sedimentary rocks that
yield little water to
wells. Unconsolidated
glaciofluvial deposits
of sand and gravel along
the shoreline and major
streams are the principal
aquifers.
This province is an
extensive lowland area
bounded by the Coast Range
on the west and the
Cascade Range on the east.
Much of the lowland is
underlain by glacial and
alluvial deposits with a
combined thickness of
over 2,000 feet in places.
The permeable sand and
gravel beds form the princi<
pal aquifers and are widely
tapped for public supplies,
industrial, irrigation,
and domestic use. Most of
the population and
industry in the state
reside in this lowland.
The recharge to the aquifer
systems is excellent due to
heavy precipitation and
runoff from the flanking
mountain ranges.
Confined Aquifer(s)
Notes: The water resources of Washington are very large. The two principal mountain ranges in the western part
of the state intercept moisture flowing in from the Pacific and cause heavy precipitation and runoff to occur.
-647-
-------
STATIJ HASHIMOTO*
1. IATORI Or THE OROOND-VATRR RI300RCI
1.1. Oeoloclo and Bydrologio Chftraoteristioa. Deacrlbe general geological and hydrologloal oharaoteriatloa
(1.*. formations, rook types, araal extent and thioknaaa, tranamiaaivity, aquifer iataroennaotion, extent
of contamination).
Cbaraotariatlea
Phyalocrephio
Raglon/Provlaoe Ot
Lawia Rivar Provinoa
Phyalograpbio
legioa/Proviao* It
Northaaat
•agloo/Provlaoe Ft
Paroaat of at*ta oorarad
by thu ppoTinoa (aatlaatad)
ObooafLaad Aqulfar(a)
Thla ragion ineludaa tha
aoutharn portion of taa
Pugat Trough. Tha
principal aqulfara ara tba
alluvial dapoalta in tba
Columbia Rirar floodplain
and tha aand and graval
bada of tha Plaiatooana and
raoant ag** along tha
Cowlitc Rivar, and on tha
lowlanda aaat and north of
tha City of Vanoouvar.
Thaaa unoonaolidatad rooka
are underlain by Tartiary
and oldar volcanic and
sedimentary rocks.
Thla ragion inoludaa tha
Coluabla Rivar drainage
baain of tha Spokana
Rivar, tha Okanogan Rivar
Baain, and tha Spokana
Valley. Tha bedrock
oonaiata aoatly of
intrusive Igneous rooka
and aoma aadlaantary,
•etamopphio, and volcanic
rooks. Except for aoma
water-bearing zones and
volcanic rocks, most of
the bedrock yialda little
water to walla. Principal
aquifers are sands and
gravels in river valleys
and interaontane basins.
In the Spokane Valley,
permeable outwash
deposits fill deep buried
valleys and oonatitute
a profile aquifer.
The ground water moves
through these outwash
deposits toward Spokane
from an extensive
recharge zone across the
border in Idaho.
Confined Aquifer(s)
-648-
-------
8T1TK: HISHXIGTOI
1 .2. Primary Oaea of Ground Utter as Parent of Total Daage
Oae
Public Water Systems
(including municipal)
Industrial
(except municipal)
Agricultural
Domestic /Rural
Other (specify)
Total
% of Total % Ground Hater
Ground Hater of Total Hater
3*
22
5
11
1.3. Population Reliance on Ground Mater for Drinking Hater for Tear
Percent of population relying on
ground water for drinking water
Number of people relying on
ground water for drinking water
Public Hater Domestic
Systems Hells Total
65J
2,800,000
-649-
-------
STATE: HASHIMOTOS
2.1. Sources (Check Major sources of
2 « next Boat serious, etc.)
oontasHaatloB and rank top four — 1 * moat serious,
Source Check Bank
Septic tanks X 5
Municipal landfills X 1
On-site Industrial
landfills (excluding
pits, lagoons, surface
Impoundments)
Other landfills
Surface Impoundments X 3
(excluding oil and
gas brine pits)
Oil and gas brine pits
Underground storage X
tanks
Other (specify) :
Disposal sites (more X k
specific information
needed )
Source
Injection wells
Abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Cheek Beak
,* 7
X 2
Regulated hazardous
waste sites
Salt water intrusion
X 6
Land application/
treatment
Agricultural
X
Road salting
Notes: Significant numbers of individual wells are located on relatively
shallow aquifers which are vulnerable to contaminating land surface
activities.
2.2. Contaminating Substances
(check)
Organic chemicals:
Volatile
Synthetic
Inorganic chemicals:
Nitrates
Fluorides
Arsenic
Brine salinity
Other
Metals
Radioactive material
Pesticides
Other (specify)
X
X8
X
X
__x
x
xb
X
X
X
xc
Relatively serious contamination by organic solvents has occurred in municipal and private wells in and around at
least two large urban areas.
bSulfates.
°0il, gas, bacteria, wood waste leachate, and landfill leachate.
-650-
-------
STATE: UASHXEOTOE
3. STATE OBOOEIMIATBI MABAOBMEET STBOCTQEB
3.1. State Statatea Pertaining to Ground-Mater Quality wad Pollution Control
Subject Monitored by Statute
Statute Baae/Eo.
Description of Authority Pertaining
to around-Utter Protection
General water pollution
control
RCW 90.48, RCH 90.54, RCW 90.52
These statutes regulate general water
pollution control, and are administered by
the Department of Ecology and the
Department of Social and Health Services.
Ground-water quality
(including public health
standards)
Solid waste
RCW 70.95
Solid Haste Management Act
Relates to the development of solid
waste handling regulations which includes
provisions for leachate control and
ground-water protection.
Hazardous waste
RCH 70.105
Hazardous Waste Disposal Act
The regulations developed pursuant to
this statute are nearly identical to the
Federal RCRA regulations and place major
emphasis on ground-water protection
through permitting and compliance
monitoring.
Mining
RCN 90.48
Very general authority but specifically
related to mining.
Oil and gas
HCW 90.48.315, (.320), (.325),
(.330), (.335), (.336), (.338)
RCW 78.52
Oil and Gas Conservation Act
This law prohibits oil discharges entering
the waters without state authorization
(permit) and holds negligent person(s)
strictly liable.
This law primarily administered by the
Department of Natural Resources.
Other (specify):
RCW 43.20, 43.21A, 42.21C, 70.05
RCW 70.116
Public Water Systems Coordination Act
These statutes create Boards of Health,
the Department of Social and Health
Services, the Department of Ecology,
and the State Environmental Policy Act,
all with broad powers of health and
environmental protection.
Comprehensive planning can be required
to establish controls if water quality
is deemed inadequate.
Notes:
-651-
-------
STATE: HASHIMOTO*
3.2. State
3.2.1. Status
Policy
Ground water covered under
general state statutes
Specific state statutes for
ground water
Policy In existence for
protecting ground-water quality
Policy under development
Check
X
xa
X
*The existing generally worded non-degradation policy is considered impractical and open to interpretation as to
its intent. The state is working on refinements to better describe a practical approach to the policy statement.
-652-
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STATE: HASHHGTM
3.2.2. DevelofMot of Ground-Hater Policy
3.2.2.1. la there a ground-water policy or strategy development process? les X Mo
3.2.2.2. Lead agency/steering committee: Departnent of Ecology — Task Force will be established
3.2.2.3- Describe developnent process (inter-agency agreements, progress to date, target completion date, etc.):
Washington is working towards completing a State Ground-Water Quality Management Strategy which calls
for: 1) assessing ground water in the state; 2) identifying management and program capabilities and options; and
3) allowing for interagency and public reviews. A strategy document is scheduled for completion in September
1986. An Implementation plan will be included in the strategy.
Washington also Implemented the Spokane 208 project which is designed to protect the Spokane Valley
Aquifer, a sole source aquifer designated under Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
3.2.3. Characteristics of Policy Developed
Type of Protection
General language
Non-degradation
Limited degradation
Differential protection
Check
X
Xa
Xb
xb
aA generally worded non-degradation policy is considered unworkable and limited degradation is likely in the near
future.
bOn the horizon. See note "a."
Notes:
3.2.4. Policy Classification
3.2.1.1. Does state have a ground-water classification system or other system for distinguishing
among types of ground water (e.g. use, quality, or other contamination potential)? Yes _
3.2.4.2. If yes, give brief description of classes:
The state has authority to develop a classification system, but a system is not yet in place.
No X
3.2.5. Quality Standards
3.2.5.1. Has the state adopted ground-water quality standards?
3.2.5.2. How are the standards used?
Yes
No X
3.2.5.3* Describe briefly the range of contaminants covered.
-653-
-------
STATEI VASBIIGTOI
3.3. State Agency Responsibilities for Ground-Mater ProtaoUon
Responsible
State
Agency
Department of
Ecology"
Department of
Social and Health
Services
Department of
Natural Resources
Department of
Agriculture
uses
Ground -
Hater
Policy/
Rule/
Standard
X
X*
Federally-Delegated Program
RCU
X
01 C*
X
PtBb
X
1
1
re°
X
Otber
Data
Collec-
tion,
Aquifer
Mapping,
•to.
X
xh
Ground-
Hater
Quality
X
X
X
Soil
Conser-
vation
Mining
X
Protec-
tion
from
Road
De-icing
X«
Otber
Xf
aUIC = Underground Injection Control.
bPWS r Public Water System.
°PE = Pesticides Enforcement.
^Manages Super fund.
eLittle is done.
Water rights, water quantity.
^Secondary responsibility.
"Working under cooperative agreement with state.
-654-
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STATE: HASHIMOTO*
3.4. Inter-Agency Agreements
Topica
Protection of specific aquifers
Policy and strategy development
Ground-water discharges
Underground injection control
Ground-water contamination incidents
Geological survey
Other (specify)
Check If
Applicable
X
X
X
Description of Agreements
and Agencies
Washington and Idaho are cooperating to protect the Spokane/
Rathdrum Aquifer which flows from Idaho to Washington. Local
and state agreements on this aquifer also exist.
A Memorandum of Understanding has been established between state
agencies involved in underground injection control activities.
Agreements with USGS on specific studies.
3.5. Status of Ground-Water Resource Assessment Activities
Activity
Check if
Applicable
Description of Activities
Ground-water resources assessment
(aquifer mapping, etc.)
Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface
Impoundment Assessment Study, the Underground Injection
Control program, and previous 208 programs. The U.S. Geological
Survey has prepared detailed studies on Camano and Whidbey
Islands, and a background document on the Spokane/Rathdrum
Aquifer. Water supply bulletins have been issued by USGS and
the Department of Ecology for each of the 21 principal ground-
water regions.
Ambient ground-water quality
An ambient drinking water quality monitoring program is
conducted by the Department of Social and Health Services.
This information is shared with the Department of Ecology.
The USGS has developed water flow and quality models of the
Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer. Water quality sampling was
conducted in conjunction with the USGS, but only once.
USGS also conducted a five-year 500 sample survey analyzing
for a variety of parameters.
Assessment at waste sites
Site specific assessments conducted through RCRA and Superfund
programs.
Other (specify):
A detailed geohydrologlc study of the Closer Creek/Chambers
Creek Aquifer (Pierce County) is near completion.
-655-
-------
STATE t HASHIMOTO*
3.6. State Ground-Hater Monitoring Program
Typea of NoBltorii«
Non-hazard oua
waste altea
Hazardous waste aitea
Salt water
Pesticides
Ambient monitoring
Other:
Check
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brief Description of Monitoring Program
Limited landfill Monitoring required by local health
departments which write permits for such aitea.
The state regulations for hazardous waste are nearly
identical to RCRA regulations and require routine
ground-water monitoring at hazardous waste land
disposal facilitiea.
Limited to a few areas.
A special monitoring program was conducted on
selected wells for EDB contamination.
USGS monitors 150 project wells on an Irregular
basis for limited inorganic constituents. The
Department of Social and Health Services conducts
monitoring routinely on drinking water supplies.
The state periodically monitors water level
measurements in approximately 800 wells, most
located In eastern Washington.
Hooitorii«
Data
Computerized
(Cteok)
lame of
Database
(Specify)
Note: Very little activity has been reported in the area of water quality monitoring.
3.7. State PrograaB for Public Participation
-^^^ Context
Approaches ~-~^^_^^
Public hearings, meetings, workshops
Meetings with local officials
Citizens' advisory groups
Public notices
Handbook, other written materials
Other (specify)
General
Ground-
H*t«r Permit
laauea laauanoe
X X
X X
X X
•egulation
Adoption,
Changes
X
X
X
X
Specific
Ground-
Hater
Strategy Other
X
X
X8
X
Xb
aThis is being established.
''Background document.
-656-
-------
8TATI: HASHIMOTO!
«. STATE XMPLEMBNTATXOI OF FIDKBAL P100RAMS TO PHOTBCT OBOUID HATKI
4.1. Program SUtua
Federal
Status of Program Delegation
State Implementing Agency
Uflueual/Motewrthy
Characteriatica
QIC
Delegated
Department of Ecology
Clasa T Program; only one Class I
veil.
RCRA
Partially delegated
Department of Ecology
Interim authorization for Phase I
and Phase II, Part A and B.
PHS
Delegated
Department of Social
and Health Services
Operates one of the more progres-
sive drinking water programs in
the nation.
Pesticides
Enforcement*
Delegated
Department of Agriculture
L_
-657-
-------
STATE: HASHIBGTON
4.2. Grant Status
Grant
FT 1985 Allocation
Specific Ground-Hater
Projects/Tasks and Budget*
Clean Hater Act
Section 106
$1,160,000 0.20 FTE — Ground-Water Strategy
0.45 FTE — Naste Discharge Permit
0.20 FTE — UIC
0.20 FTE — Incident Investigation
Clean Water Act
Section 205(J)
$125,000 $33,000 — Ground-Water Strategy
$100,000 — Contracts to local government for
specific projects
Clean Water Act
Section 205(g)
$1,702,000
RCRA
Section 3011
$518,000;
potential for
additional $66,000
The main focus of the program is to consider ground
water in writing land disposal permits. Currently,
technical ground-water information is being generated
to supplement the permit writing process.
UIC
$113,700 These funds will be used to assess and resolve ground-
water contamination problems and resolve ground-water
contamination problems for Class V injection wells and
training.
F1FRA
Section 23
$14,000 Certification and training.
$185,000 Pesticide enforcement.
aFor state's fiscal year covering July 1, 196^ to June 30, 1985.
The State of Washington and the EPA have a funded agreement under which the state has assumed primary
enforcement responsibility for FIFRA regulations.
-658-
-------
STATE: VASHXIGTO*
5. STATB-ORIGIIATRD CROWD-WATER PBOTBCTXOI PROGRAMS
5.1. around Hater Strategy
(including ground-miter quality standards and classification)
Description: Washington la working on a State Ground-Hater Quality Management Strategy. This plan calls for
assessing ground Mater in the state and identifying management and program capabilities and options, as well as
allowing interagency and public review. The strategy is scheduled for completion in September 1986. An
implementation plan will be included.
n 19W Funding: $50,000
Funding Source: 205(J), 106
5.2. Ground-Water Monitoring
Description: Ground-water monitoring la conducted to measure water levels in about 800 wells; most are located in
•astern Washington. The USGS doea irregular monitoring for inorganic constituents. The Department of Social and
Health Services conducts monitoring routinely on drinking water supplies. A special monitoring program was
recently contracted for EDB contamination.
FY 1964 Funding:
Funding Source: State and local sources primarily
5.3. Ground-Water Resource Assessment/Aquifer Study/Mapping
Description: Ground-water resources have been mapped as part of the Surface Impoundment Assessment Study and the
Underground Injection Control Program. Under the "sole source aquifer" program, the U.S. Geological Survey has
prepared a detailed background document on the Spokane/Rathdrum Aquifer, as well as flow and quality models. The
USGS has also prepared detailed studies on Camano and Whidbey Islands. Previous 208 programs have consisted of
ground-water assessments for specific areas. There have been 16 special investigations conducted by the
Department of Ecology in conjunction with USGS, the majority of which relate to ground-water quality.
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source: State general fund
5.*. Agricultural Contamination Control
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
Notes: The Department of Ecology has funded approximately seven FTE's in their Water Quality Division and two
FTE's in their Water Resources Division to deal with ground-water issues. Funding is from the state general fund
and Referendum 20 funds. In addition,a great deal of the construction grant funds have been spent in Spokane and
Pieroe counties for projects whose primary purpose is ground-water protection.
-659-
-------
STATE: tttSHIIGTOM
5.5. PWBita/Control of Discharges to Oround Hater
Description: State Waste Discharge Permit System. This la a permit system for controlling a variety of sources
not covered by NPDES, 1 FTE. Solid Haste Permits are also issued by local health departments which contain
provisions for ground-water protection, 6 FTE's.
FT 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.6. Septic Management Program
Description: The local health departments administer this program with the Department of Ecology reviewing large
on-site systems.
FY 1964 Funding: 100 FTE's in local health departments and the Department of Social and Health Services
6 FTE's in the Department of Ecology
Funding Source: Fees for services
State general fund
5.7. Bulk Storage/Underground Storage Tank Programs
Description:
FY 1984 Funding:
Funding Source:
5.8. Contamination Response Program
(other than RCRA/Superfund)
Description: Spill incident investigations other than oil and hazardous materials.
FY 1984 Funding: 1.5 FTE
Funding Source: State general fund and 106
5.9. Other: The Spokane 206 project is designed to protect the Spokane Valley Aquifer, a sole source aquifer
designated under Section I424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
-660-
-------
APPENDIX A
SUMMARY TABLES ON GROUND-WATER USE AND QUALITY
-------
TABLE A-1
PERCENTAGES OF PEOPLE RELYING ON GROUND WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE
States
Percent of
State
Population
Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Mississippi,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico Over 90
South Dakota 80-89
Delaware, Iowa, Maine 70-79
Alaska, Indiana, Kansas, South Carolina,
Washington, Wisconsin, Utah 60-69
Arkansas, California, Illinois, Louisiana,
Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire,
North Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont,
West Virginia, Wyoming 50-59
Georgia, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Virginia 40-49
Alabama, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Missouri,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon 30-39
Colorado, Kentucky, Rhode Island 20-29
Maryland, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Under 20
Note: For the purposes of this report, Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands are treated as states in this table and all
following tables. The information for these tables has
been developed from Volume II of this report.
A-1
-------
TABLE A-2
USE OF GROUND WATER FOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITES
States
Percent of
Ground Water
Used for
Agricultural
Activities
Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska Over 90
Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas,
Wyoming 80-89
Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada,
Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah 50-79
Florida, Montana, North Dakota 10-49
Georgia, Indiana, Minnesota, Puerto Rico 30-39
Illinois, Missouri 20-29
Delaware, Maine, Vermont, Wisconsin 10-19
Alabama, Alaska, Connecticut, Iowa, Kentucky,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,
West Virginia Under 10
Note: Information available on forty-five states.
A-2
-------
TABLE A-3
USE OF GROUND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
States
Percent of
Ground Water
Used for
Industrial
Activities
Kentucky, West Virginia Over 50
Maine, Tennessee 40-49
Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island 30-39
Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana,
Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire,
New Jersey, Puerto Rico, South Carolina,
Virginia 20-29
Alabama, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota,
Montana, Vermont, Wisconsin 10-19
Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado,
Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas,
Utah, Wyoming Under 10
Note: Information available on forty-five states.
A-3
-------
TABLE A-Jl — MAJOR TYPES OF GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Organic
Volatile
X
Chemicals
Synthetic
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
33
30
Inorganic Chemicals
Nitrates
X
Fluorides Arsenic Brine/Salt Other
X" X
x»
x«
X
x»
X
x«
XXX
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X"
XX X
X X°'d
X
x"
X
X
Xa XX*1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
xb
x«
X X Xc
X
X" Xa Xa
X
X
X
X X X X
X° X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X X Xd
X
X
3«
16 15 28 10
(Continued)
A-4
-------
TABLE A-H (Continued)
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Haaaachuaetti
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Metals
X
Radioactive
Materials Pesticides
X X
Other
1
X
X
X
x«
X
3
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
1
x»
X
x» x
X
X
3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
X
X
x°
X
4
2
X
X
X
X X
X
X
1
1
2
1
X
1
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
2
X
X
X
X X
1
X
X
X X
1.2
X X
1
28
13 25
18
•Natural mineral deposits. cSulfates.
bAgrlcultural activities. dChlorides (other than salt water).
KEY: 1 > bacteria; 2 = petroleum products; 3 = sodium; and
-------
TABU A-5 — MAJOR SOURCES OF GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Septic
Tanks
X
X
X
X
Municipal
Landfills
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
On-Site8
Industrial
Landfills
X
X
X
X
X
X
Other
Landfills
X
X
X
X
X
X
Surfaceb
Impoundments
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil and Gas
Brine Pits
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
36
31
30
20
36
X
21
aExcludlng surface pita, lagoons, surface impoundments.
Excluding oil and gas brine pits.
(Continued)
A-6
-------
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Underground
Storage Tanks
X
Injection
Wells
X
Abandoned
Hazardous
Waste Sites
X
Regulated Land
Hazardous Salt-Water Application/
Waste Sites Intrusion Treatment
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x i
X I
X
XXX
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
41
18
25
15 19 7
(Continued)
A-7
-------
TABLE A-5 (Continued)
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
Vest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Highway
Agricultural De-icing
X
X
Other8
8
B
7
X
X
X X
7
1,8
7.8
X
X
8
X
X
X
X
2,7,8
8
X
1,5,7
it
X
1,2,8
X X
X X
X X
X X
7,8
X X
X
2,3,1,7
1,7
X
8
1
X
X X
X
X
1.2,1,8
1,5
7
7
s
X
8
3,6
X
1,8
X
6,6
X X
X
X
X
X
3,6
2,1
2,8
1,5
X X
8
X
8
1,1
X
1,7
",5
33 11
35
Excluding surface pits, lagoons, surface Impoundments.
KEY: 1 s abandoned wells; 2 = Inadequately constructed wells; 3 =
improperly plugged wells; 4 = mining activities; 5 = oil and gaa
activities; 6 = petroleum product storage; 7 * accidental spills
and leaks; and 8 * miscellaneous.
A-8
-------
TABLE A-6
ST_ATE_CHgUND-tfATEH POLICY •• gjRPENT STATUS OF POLICE DEVELOPMENT
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Existing Policy
Specific State for Protecting
Statutes for Ground-Water
Ground Water Quality
Policy under
Development
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
12 27
28
A-9
-------
STATE GROUND-WATER POLICYi
TABLE A-7
CHARACTERISTICS OF POLICIES DEVELOPED
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California,
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
low
Kansas
Kentucky
Loulaiana
Main*
Maryland
Maaaaohuaetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Hlaalaalppl
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Limited
Nondearadation Degradation
Differential
Protection
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
16 17
X
12
A-10
-------
TABLE A-8
EXISTING AND PROPOSED GROUND-WATER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
States
Number
of
Classes
Criteria for Classification
California6
Connecticut
Florida
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Iowa
Kansas
Maine
Maryland
3
Massachusetts
Montana
New Jersey
2
2
3
2
3
3
Based on use quality, land use, and flow
system.
Highest protection for "single source" and
potable aquifers.
Fresh water and saline water.
Special-resource water — protection against
degradation, unless social or economic factors
override; potable-water supplies — protection
as drinking water without treatment.
Domestic use, limited use, or general non-
domestic use or limited use.
Based on vulnerability to contamination by
considering hydrogeologic characteristics.
Fresh; usable; and brine water.
Suitable for drinking-water supplies; suitable
for everything else.
Drinking-water quality; saline; below
drinking-water quality.
Based on present and potential beneficial
uses.
Total dissolved solids.
(Continued)
Information regarding number of classes and/or criteria for
classification not available.
A-ll
-------
TABLE A-8 (Continued)
States
Number
of
Classes
Criteria for Classification
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Oklahoma3
Texasa
Vermont
Virgin Islands
West Virginiaa
Wyoming
Full protection of ground water with less than
10,000 mg/1 TDS; ground water with more than
10,000 mg/1 TDS not covered by standards.
Fresh ground water; saline ground water;
saline ground water with chloride concentra-
tions in excess of 1,000 mg/1 or TDS greater
than 2,000 mg/1.
Fresh ground water used as the primary source
of drinking water (GA); brackish waters at
depths greater than 20 feet below the land
surface that recharge surface and ground water
(GSA); fresh water at depths less than 20 feet
that recharge surface and ground water (GB);
brackish waters at less than 20 feet (GSB);
contaminated water technically or economically
infeasible for upgrading to a higher class
(GC).
Beneficial uses have been designated for 21
ground-water basins and formations, but
standards being developed for each beneficial
use.
Ground waters that supply or could supply
community water.
Ranked categories of use.
Domestic; agricultural; livestock; aquatic
life; industry; hydrocarbon and mineral
deposits; unsuitable for any use.
Information regarding number of classes and criteria for
classification not available.
A-12
-------
TABLE A-9
SAMPLE OF STATE GROUND-WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
States
Range of Contaminants
Covered by Standards
Alaska
Arizona
Connecticut
California
Florida
Idaho
Kansas
Maryland
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Oklahoma
Utah
Vermont
Wyoming
13 contaminants.
Any contaminant that would interfere with current or
future uses of ground water.
EPA drinking-water standards; includes taste, odor, and
color.
Inorganic salts.
Primary and secondary drinking-water constituents, MCLs
for 8 other organics, and natural background levels for
other constituents.
Primary and secondary drinking-water standards.3
Federal drinking-water standards, inorganic chemicals.
Federal drinking-water standards.
National primary and secondary drinking-water
standards.
All drinking-water parameters and all substances
deleterious to beneficial uses.
Federal primary drinking-water standards and most of
the secondary drinking-water standards.
Nutrients, metals, and organics.
35 numerical standards, plus a generic "toxic
pollutant" standard defining acceptable levels of
protection for human and animal health.
83 contaminants.
19 contaminants.
Primary standards, including 10 Inorganic chemicals and
5 radiological contaminants and secondary standards.
Regulations from Safe Drinking Water Act.
Less stringent than federal drinking-water standards.
Maximum 26 contaminants, depending on class, pH, and
TDS.
aTo be adopted in FY 1985.
A-13
-------
TABLE A-10
STATE AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR GROUND-WATER PROTECTION ACTIVITIES
Activities
Number of
State
Agencies
Involved
Aquifer Mapping
Department of Natural Resources
State Geological Survey
Water Resources/Supply
Department of Health
State Department of Environmental Protection
Geology/Hydrology
Minerals/Mining
Department of Conservation
Miscellaneous
Ground-Water Quality Monitoring
Department of Health
Department of Natural Resources
State Department of Environmental Protection
Water Resources/Supply
Department of Conservation
Minerals/Mining
Miscellaneous
Ground-Water Pollcies/Rules/Standards
Department of Natural Resources
Department of Health
Water Resources/Supply
State Department of Environmental Protection
Pollution Control Commission
Miscellaneous
De-icing
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection
Department of Natural Resources
Department of Health
State Geological Survey
20
15
13
10
8
2
2
2
_\_
73
18
13
10
9
5
3
_7
65
12
12
9
10
3
J£
56
7
3
3
1
_1
15
A-14
-------
TABU A-11 — STATUS OF OHOUND-WATEH RESOURCE ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES
States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Ground-Water
Resource
Assessment
Assessment
at Waste Sites
Other
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x«
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
51
X
X
31
16
aUSGS has plans to conduct aquifer mappings In the Virgin Islands.
A-15
-------
TABLE A-12. — STATE GROUND-WATER MONITORING PROGRAMS
SUtes
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Nonhazardoua
Waste Sites
X
Hazardous
Waate Sites
x»
Salt-Water
Intrusion
X
Pesticides
Aablent
Monitoring
X
Other
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X*
x«
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x«
X
x«
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x«
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x«
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x»
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
32
X
X
X
X
38
X
X
12
X
X
25
X
X
X
X
40
X
X
X
X
16
'Follow RCRA guidelines.
under development.
A-16
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TABLE *-13 — CTTERAOENCY AGHEEMENTS
States
Alabama
tlaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Protection Policy and
of Specific Strategy
Aquifers Development
Ground -Water
Discharges
Underground Ground-Water
Injection Contamination Geological
Control Incidents Survey
Other
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
XXX
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X8 X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X*
X X
X X
8 21
X
9
X X
X
19 16 25
X
30
Interstate agreement between Idaho and Washington.
A-17
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TABLE A- 14
STATE AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR FEDERAL PROGRAMS8
Number of
Responsible Agency States
CWA
Department of Environmental Management 52
RCRA
Department of Health 16
Department of Natural Resources 15
State Department of Environmental Protection 13
Water Resources/Permits 3
Pollution Control 2
Hazardous Waste Management _1.
50
UIC
Department of Natural Resources 16
State Department of Environmental Protection 12
Oil & Gas Conservation Commission 11
Department of Health 6
Water Resouroes/Supply/Permits _J5_
50
PWS
Department of Health 30
State Department of Environmental Protection 8
Department of Natural Resources 8
Water Supply/Potable Water 2
48
FIFRA
Department of Agriculture 41
State Department of Environmental Protection 6
Department of Natural Resources _J[
50
(Continued)
aln some cases, responsibility is shared by more than one
agency.
A-18
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TABLE A-14 (Continued)
Number of
Responsible Agency States
Soil Conservation
Department of Agriculture 7
Soil/Water Conservation Commission 7
Department of Natural Resources 5
State Lands/Land Resources 3
State Department of Environmental Protection 2
Minerals/Mining 2
State Geological Survey 1
27
Mining
Department of Natural Resources 13
State Department of Environmental Protection 8
Minerals/Mining 8
State Geological Survey/Geologist 4
Land Resources/Soil Conservation 3
Water Allocation/Permits 3
Miscellaneous M
13
A-19
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APPENDIX B
EPA Regional Ground-Water
Rep resentatives
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EPA Regional Ground-Water
Repres e n ta ti ves
Region I
Carol Wood
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
JFK Federal Building, Room 2113
Boston, MA 02203
(8)223-6486; (617) 223-6486
Region VI
Eloy Lozano
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
1201 Elm Street, (60 CL)
Dallas, TX 75270
(8)729-9984; (214) 767-2605
Region II
William Pedicino
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
26 Federal Plaza, Room 805
New York, NY 10278
(8)264-5635; (212) 264-1148
Region VII
Timothy Amsden
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
324 E. 11th St.
Kansas City, MO 64106
(8)757-2815; (214) 236-2815
Region III
Thomas Merski
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
Curtis Building
6th & Walnut Sts.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
(8)597-2786; (215) 597-2786
Region VIII
Richard Long
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
1860 Lincoln St., 8W
Denver, CO 80295
(8)564-1445; (303) 293-1445
Region IV
Stallings Howell
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
345 Courtland St., N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(8)257-3781; (404) 881-3781
Region IX
James Thompson
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
215 Fremont St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
(8)454-8095; (415) 974-8093
Region V
Robert Hilton
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
230 s. Dearborn St.
Chicago, IL 61604
(8)886-1490; (312) 886-1490
Region X
William Mullen
Office of Ground Water
Water Management Division
1200 6th Avenue, M/S 437
Seattle, WA 98101
(8)399-1216; (206) 442-1216
B-1
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APPENDIX C
State Contacts
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State Contacts in Region I
Connecticut
Robert Smith
Assistant Director
Water Compliance Unit
Department of Environmental
Protection
122 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06115
(203)566-2588
Maine
Gary S. Westerman
Management Planning
Division
Department of Environ-
mental Protection
State House, Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
(207)289-2811
Massachusetts
David Terry
Director
Water Supply Planning and
Development
Department of Environmental
Quality Engineering
One Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
(617)292-5529
New Hampshire
David Scott
Acting Director
Office of State Planning
2 1/2 Beacon Street
Concord, NH 03301
(603)271-2155
Rhode Island
Michael Annarummo
Supervisor
Permits and Planning Section
Division of Water Resources
Department of Environmental
Management
75 Davis Street, Health Bldg.
Providence, Rl 02908
(401)277-2234
Vermont
David Butterfield
Chief
Ground-Water Management
Section
Water Quality Division
Department of Water
Resources and Environ-
mental Engineering
State Office Building
Montpelier, VT 05602
(802)828-2761
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State Contacts in Region II
New Jersey
John Gaston
Director
Division of Water
Resources
Department of Environ-
mental Protection
CN029
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609)292-1638
New York
Dan Barolo
Director
Ground-Water Division
Department of Environ-
mental Conservation
50 Wolfe Road
Albany, NY 12233
(518)457-6674
Puerto Rico
Carl-Ixel P. Soderberg
Environmental Water Quality
Board
P.O. Box 11488
San Turce, Puerto Rico 00910
(809)725-0717
Virgin Islands
Angel Lebron
Commissioner
Department of Conservation
& Cultural Affairs
P.O. Box 4399
Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas
Virgin Islands V100801
(809)774-3320
C-2
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State Contacts in Region III
West Virginia
Marc Nelson
Hazardous Waste Branch
Division of Water Resources
1201 Greenbrler Street
Charleston, WV 25311
(304)348-5935
Virginia
P.J. Smith
Divison of Enforcement
& Environmental Research
Water Control Board
2111 Hamilton Street
Richmond, VA 23230
(804)257-0072
Maryland
Rick Collins
Program Development Division
Office of Environmental Programs
201 W. Preston Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
(301)383-5740
Delaware
Michael Apgar
Chief
Water Supply Branch
Division of Environmental
Control
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
(302)736-5743
Pennsylvania
John 0. Osgood
Bureau of Water Quality
Management
Department of Environmental
Resources
P.O. Box 2063
Harrisburg, PA 17120
(717)783-3638
C-3
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State Contacts in Region IV
Alabama
John Poole
Chief
Ground-Water Section
Department of Environmental
Management
1751 Federal Drive
Montgomery, AL 36130
(205)271-7832
Florida
Dr. Rodney DeHan
Administrator
Ground-Water Section
Department of Environmental
Regulation
Twin Towers Office Bldg.
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, FL 32301
(904)488-3601
Georgia
Harold Rebels
Assistant Director
Environmental Protection
Division
Department of Natural
Resources
270 Washington St., S.W.
Room 825
Atlanta, GA 30334
(404)656-4713
Kentucky
Karen Armstrong-Cunnings
Assistant to the Commissioner
Department for Environmental
Protection
Fort Boone Plaza
18 Rellly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502)564-3035
Mississippi
William A. Barnett
Coordinator
Ground-Water Protection
Program
Department of Natural
Resources
P.O. Box 10385
Jackson, MS 39209
(601)961-5171
North Carolina
Perry Nelson
Chief
Ground-Water Section
Department of Natural
Resources Community
Development
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919)733-5083
C-4
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State Contacts in Region IV (cont'd)
South Carolina
Don Duncan
Director
Ground-Water Protection
Division
Environmental Quality Control
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(317)758-5213
Tennessee
Don Rima
Coordinator
Ground-Water Program
Division of Water
Management
Department of Health
& Environment
T.E.R.R.A. Bldg., 7th Floor
150 Nineth Avenue, North
Nashville, TN 37219-5404
(615)741-0690
C-5
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State Contacts in Region V
Indiana
Robert Carter
Coordinator
Environmental Programs
Indiana State Board of
Health
1330 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, IN 42606
(317)633-8467
Illinois
Robert Clarke
Manager
Ground-Water Section
Division of Public Water
Supplies
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
2200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62706
(217)782-9470
Michigan
Richard Johns
Director
Ground-Water Quality
Division
Michigan Department of
Natural Resources
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48989
(517)373-1947
Minnesota
John Hoick
Chief
Ground-Water Unit Program
Development Section
Division of Solid &
Hazardous Waste
Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency
1935 W. County Road B-2
Roseville, MN 55113
(612)296-7787
Ohio
Russ Stein
Chief
Ground-Water Section
Water Quality Monitoring
& Assessment Division
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
361 E. Broad Street
Columbus, OH 43216
(614)466-9092
Wisconsin
Kevin Kessler
Chief
Ground-Water Management
Section
Bureau of Water Resources
Management
Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
(608)267-9350
C-6
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State Contacts in Region VI
Arkansas
Ralph H. Desmarais
Planning Specialist
Arkansas Department of
Pollution Control &
Ecology
P.O. Box 9583
Little Rock, fR 72209
(501)562-7444
Louisiana
Patricia L. Norton
Secretary
Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 44066
Baton Rouge, LA 70804
(504)342-1265
New Mexico
Maxine Goad
Program Manager
Ground-Water Section
Groundwater & Hazardous
Waste Bureau
New Mexico Environmental
Improvement Division
P.O. Box 968
Santa Fe, NM 87504-0968
(505)984-0020
Oklahoma
David Harkness
Assistant Director
Oklahoma Department of
Pollution Control
P.O. Box 53504
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
(405)271-4677
Texas
Henry Alvarez
Chief
Data Collection &
Evaluation Section
Texas Dept. of Water
Resources
P.O. Box 13087, Capitol
Station
Austin, TX 78711
(512)475-3681
C-7
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State Contacts in Region VII
Iowa
Richard Kelley
Environmental Specialist
Iowa Department of Water,
Air, and Waste Management
Henry A. Wallace State Office
Building
900 E. Grand
Des Moines, 10 50319
(515)281-3783
Kansas
James A. Power, Jr.
Environmental Engineer
Bureau of Water Protection
Kansas Department of
Health & Environment
Bldg. 740, Forbes Field
Topeka, KS 66620
(913)862-9360, ext. 235
Missouri
Jerry Vineyard
Assistant State Geologist
Division of Geology and
Land Survey
Missouri Department of
Natural Resources
P.O. Box 250
Rolla, MO 65401
(314)364-1752
Nebraska
U. Gale Button
Acting Chief
Program Plans Section
Water & Waste Management
Division
Nebraska Department of
Environmental Control
P.O. Box 94877, State
House Station
Lincoln, NB 68509
(402)471-2186
C-8
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State Contacts in Region VIII
Colorado
Mary Gearhart
Public Health Engineer
Colorado Department of
Health
4210 East llth Avenue
Denver, CO 80220
(303)320-8333
Montana
Fred Schewman
Supervisor
Water Quality Bureau
Department of Health &
Environmental Sciences
Cogswell Building
Helena, MT 59601
(406)444-2406
North Dakota
Rick Nelson
Environmental Engineer
Water Supply & Pollution
Control
State Department of Health
Bismarck, ND 58501
(701)224-2372
South Dakota
Steve Plrner
Director
Office of Water Quality
Department of Water &
Natural Resources
Pierre, SD 57501
(605)773-4523
Utah
Jay Pitkin
Deputy Director
Bureau of Water Pollution
Control
Department of Health
P.O. Box 45500
Salt Lake City, UT 84145-0500
(801)533-6146
Wyoming
Anthony J. Mancini
Ground-Water Control
Supervisor
Department of Environmental
Quality
122 W. 25th
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307)777-7938
C-9
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State Contacts in Region IX
Arizona
Phil Briggs
Deputy Director
Engineering
Department of Water Resources
99 E. Virginia Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85004
(602)255-1554
Jack Bale
Arizona Division of
Environmental Health
Services
2005 N. Central
Phoenix, AZ 85004
(602)257-2291
California
Fran Anderson
State Water Resources
Control Board
P.O. Box 100
Sacramento, CA 95801
(916)322-4562
Hawaii
Brian Choy
Environmental Planner
State Department of Health
P.O. Box 3378
Honolulu, HW 96801
(808)548-6767
Nevada
Wendell McCurry
Water Quality Officer
Division of Environmental
Protection
201 South Fall St.
Carson City, NV
(702)885-4670
C-10
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State Contacts in Region X
Alaska
Dan Easton
Environmental Engineer
Alaska Department of
Environmental Conservation
Pouch 0
Juneau, AK 99811
(907)465-2653
Oregon
Neil Mullane
Contract Administrator
Oregon Department of Environ-
mental Quality
P.O. Box 1760
Portland, OR 97207
(503)229-6065
Idaho
Gary Shook
Senior Water Quality
Analyst
Idaho Department of Health
& Welfare
Division of the Environment
450 West State Street
Boise, ID 83720
(208)334-4251
Washington
Tony Barret
Program Manager
Ground-Water Protection
Program
Washington Department of
Ecology
Mail Stop PV-11
Olympia, WA 98504
(206)459-6072
trU.8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1985 527 135 3 DM 6
C-ll
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